FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chapline, G Mottola, E AF Chapline, G Mottola, E TI Bye bye black holes? SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chapline, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD MAR 12 PY 2005 VL 185 IS 2490 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 905IV UT WOS:000227562700031 ER PT J AU Edberg, DD Adkins, JN Springer, DL Reeves, R AF Edberg, DD Adkins, JN Springer, DL Reeves, R TI Dynamic and differential in vivo modifications of the isoform HMGA1a and HMGA1b chromatin proteins SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY-GROUP PROTEINS; DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHROMOSOMAL-PROTEINS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOSPHORYLATION SITES; PROGRESSION MARKER; PROSTATE-CANCER; LEUKEMIC-CELLS AB Most naturally occurring mammalian cancers and immortalized tissue culture cell lines share a common characteristic, the overexpression of full-length HMGA1 (high mobility group A1) proteins. The HMGA1 protooncogene codes for two closely related isoform proteins, HMGA1a and HMGA1b, and causes cancerous cellular transformation when overexpressed in either transgenic mice or "normal" cultured cell lines. Previous work has suggested that the in vivo types and patterns of the HMGA1 post-translational modifications (PTMs) differ between normal and malignant cells. The present study focuses on the important question of whether HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins isolated from the same cell type have identical or different PTM patterns and also whether these isoform patterns differ between nonmalignant and malignant cells. Two independent mass spectrometry methods were used to identify the types of PTMs found on specific amino acid residues on the endogenous HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins isolated from a non-metastatic human mammary epithelial cell line, MCF-7, and a malignant metastatic cell line derived from MCF-7 cells that overexpressed the transgenic HMGA1a protein. Although some of the PTMs were the same on both the HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins isolated from a given cell type, many other modifications were present on one but not the other isoform. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both HMGA1 isoforms are di-methylated on arginine and lysine residues. Most importantly, however, the PTM patterns on the endogenous HMGA1a and HMGA1b proteins isolated from non-metastatic and metastatic cells were consistently different, suggesting that the isoforms likely exhibit differences in their biological functions/activities in these cell types. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Reeves, R (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM reevesr@wsu.edu RI Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013 OI Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-46352] NR 58 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 10 BP 8961 EP 8973 DI 10.1074/jbc.M407348200 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 903VG UT WOS:000227453100043 PM 15591590 ER PT J AU Ting, LM Shi, WX Lewandowicz, A Singh, V Mwakingwe, A Birck, MR Ringia, EAT Bench, G Madrid, DC Tyler, PC Evans, GB Furneaux, RH Schramm, VL Kim, K AF Ting, LM Shi, WX Lewandowicz, A Singh, V Mwakingwe, A Birck, MR Ringia, EAT Bench, G Madrid, DC Tyler, PC Evans, GB Furneaux, RH Schramm, VL Kim, K TI Targeting a novel Plasmodium falciparum purine recycling pathway with specific immucillins SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE ANALOG; BIFUNCTIONAL ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE; ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEFICIENT ERYTHROCYTE CULTURE; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE; HUMAN MALARIA; PARASITIC PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE AB Plasmodium falciparum is unable to synthesize purine bases and relies upon purine salvage and purine recycling to meet its purine needs. We report that purines formed as products of polyamine synthesis are recycled in a novel pathway in which 5'-methylthioinosine is generated by adenosine deaminase. The action of P. falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase is a convergent step of purine salvage, converting both 5'-methylthioinosine and inosine to hypoxanthine. We used accelerator mass spectrometry to verify that 5'-methylthioinosine is an active nucleic acid precursor in P. falciparum. Prior studies have shown that inhibitors of purine salvage enzymes kill malaria, but potent malaria-specific inhibitors of these enzymes have not been described previously. 5'-Methylthio-immucillin-H, a transition state analogue inhibitor that is selective for malarial relative to human purine nucleoside phosphorylase, kills P. falciparum in culture. Immucillins are currently in clinical trials for other indications and may also have application as anti-malarials. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ind Res Ltd, Carbohydrate Chem Team, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, 1225 Ullmann,1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM kkim@aecom.yu.edu RI Evans, Gary/B-8343-2011; Furneaux, Richard/B-4157-2015; Taylor, Erika/F-5635-2015; OI Evans, Gary/0000-0002-6973-2002; Furneaux, Richard/0000-0003-0973-2606; Taylor, Erika/0000-0001-5598-640X; Kim, Kami/0000-0003-3384-152X NR 36 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 10 BP 9547 EP 9554 DI 10.1074/jbc.M412693200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 903VG UT WOS:000227453100109 PM 15576366 ER PT J AU Goering, CD L'Ecuyer, TS Stephens, GL Slusser, JR Scott, G Davis, J Barnard, JC Madronich, S AF Goering, CD L'Ecuyer, TS Stephens, GL Slusser, JR Scott, G Davis, J Barnard, JC Madronich, S TI Simultaneous retrievals of column ozone and aerosol optical properties from direct and diffuse solar irradiance measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; DOBSON SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; IMPACT; ALGORITHM; SURFACE; BREWER AB A retrieval technique has been developed to simultaneously determine column ozone amounts and aerosol optical properties using surface observations of solar ultraviolet direct normal and diffuse horizontal irradiance from a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. The retrieval consists of a Bayesian scheme involving a tropospheric ultraviolet radiative transfer model. The technique was tested using cloud-free observations collected during a Mexico City Metropolitan Area air pollution field campaign from April to May 2003. Retrieval results compared favorably to those of independent techniques, including ozone amounts from a direct-Sun method, Langley-derived aerosol optical depths, and aerosol single-scattering albedos from a direct-to-diffuse irradiance ratio technique. Further comparisons were performed between the measurements and model simulations when using the retrieval results as inputs, both from the proposed technique and the combined independent methods. Simulations using the results of the new method were found to agree with the observations within the assumed limits of measurement and model uncertainty. It is anticipated that the technique will be applied across a 33-site network of radiometers maintained by the U. S. Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program for development of aerosol climatologies and for providing ground validation for satellite measurements. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Goering, CD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM cgoering@atmos.colostate.edu RI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015 OI L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D5 AR D05204 DI 10.1029/2004JD005330 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 906LD UT WOS:000227641500004 ER PT J AU Parham, JF AF Parham, JF TI A reassessment of the referral of sea turtle skulls to the genus Osteopygis (Late Cretaceous, New Jersey, USA) SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PALEOCENE; PHYLOGENY AB Specimens referred to Osteopygis (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, North America) represent a chimera, a polyphyletic mixture of taxa. The holotype of Osteopygis (AMNH 1485) and more complete referred postcranial specimens resemble non-marine stem cryptodires ("macrobacnids"). Because the skull material historically referred to Osteopygis shares synapomorphies with chelomid sea turtles, all current workers accept Osteopygis as a stem-cheloniid sea turtle. Multiple lines of evidence combine to support the hypothesis that sea turtle cranial material is not attributable to Osteopygis. These lines of evidence include: phylogenetic hypotheses of character evolution, the tenuous historical attribution of specimens, and the taphonomy of the Hornerstown Formation. The name-bearing Osteopygis material and referred posterania are best considered Eucryptodira incertae sedis (cf. "Macrobaenidae"). The cranial specimens formerly assigned to the Osteopyginae now are restricted to the clade Euclastes and those referred to Osteopygis emarginatus are here referred to Euclastes wielandi (comb. nov.). The 'decapitation' of Osteopygis reconciles morphological trends within stein cheloniids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Parham, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM parham@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 54 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0071:AROTRO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 905NI UT WOS:000227575000007 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Balin, D Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Braun, B Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Capiluppi, M Chen, T Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Court, G Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Gregor, IM Hadjidakis, C Haeberli, W Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Hristova, I Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kobayashi, T Koch, N Kolster, H Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lorenzon, W Lu, H Lu, J Lu, S Ma, BQ Malheu, B Makins, NCR Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Mexner, V Meyners, N Mussa, R Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Osborne, A Pickert, N Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Sinram, K Sommer, W Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Trzeinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nati, P van der Steenhoven, G van Haarlem, Y Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Volmer, J Wang, S Wendland, J Wilbert, J Wise, T Smit, GY Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Balin, D Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Braun, B Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Capiluppi, M Chen, T Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Court, G Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Gregor, IM Hadjidakis, C Haeberli, W Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Hristova, I Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kobayashi, T Koch, N Kolster, H Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lorenzon, W Lu, H Lu, J Lu, S Ma, BQ Malheu, B Makins, NCR Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Mexner, V Meyners, N Mussa, R Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Osborne, A Pickert, N Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Sinram, K Sommer, W Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Trzeinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nati, P van der Steenhoven, G van Haarlem, Y Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Volmer, J Wang, S Wendland, J Wilbert, J Wise, T Smit, GY Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P TI The HERMES polarized hydrogen and deuterium gas target in the HERA electron storage ring SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE polarized targets; internal target; atomic beam source; polarimeters; detection of atomic beams; spin polarized hydrogen; deuterium ID RELAXATION MAGNETIQUE DATOMES; DES PAROIS PARAFFINEES; NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; ATOMS; CELL; ELECTROPRODUCTION; DEPOLARIZATION; RECOMBINATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ASYMMETRIES AB The HERMES hydrogen and deuterium nuclear-polarized gas targets have been in use since 1996 with the polarized electron beam of HERA at DESY to study the spin structure of the nucleon. Polarized atoms from a Stern-Gerlach Atomic Beam Source are injected into a storage cell internal to the HERA electron ring. Atoms diffusing from the center of the storage cell into a side tube are analyzed to determine the atomic fraction and the atomic polarizations. The atoms have a nuclear polarization, the axis of which is defined by an external magnetic holding field. The holding field was longitudinal during 1996-2000, and was changed to transverse in 2001. The design of the target is described, the method for analyzing the target polarization is outlined, and the performance of the target in the various running periods is presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow, Russia. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP DESY, Platanenalle 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. EM Aschenauer@mail.desy.de; lenisa@mail.desy.de RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; OI Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812; Hoek, Matthias/0000-0002-1893-8764 NR 42 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 540 IS 1 BP 68 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.020 PG 34 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 909YL UT WOS:000227896500005 ER PT J AU Batarin, VA Butler, J Chen, TY Davidenko, AM Derevschikov, AA Goncharenko, YM Grishin, VN Kachanov, VA Konstantinov, AS Kravtsov, VI Kormilitsin, VA Kubota, Y Lukanin, VS Matulenko, YA Melnick, YM Meschanin, AP Mikhalin, NE Minaev, NG Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Nogach, LV Ryazantsev, AV Semenov, PA Sernenov, VK Shestermanov, KE Soloviev, LF Stone, S Uzunian, AV Vasiliev, AN Yakutin, AE Yarba, J AF Batarin, VA Butler, J Chen, TY Davidenko, AM Derevschikov, AA Goncharenko, YM Grishin, VN Kachanov, VA Konstantinov, AS Kravtsov, VI Kormilitsin, VA Kubota, Y Lukanin, VS Matulenko, YA Melnick, YM Meschanin, AP Mikhalin, NE Minaev, NG Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Nogach, LV Ryazantsev, AV Semenov, PA Sernenov, VK Shestermanov, KE Soloviev, LF Stone, S Uzunian, AV Vasiliev, AN Yakutin, AE Yarba, J TI Study of possible scintillation mechanism damage in PbWO4 crystals after pion irradiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scintillation; radiation damage; lead tungstate ID CALORIMETER PROTOTYPE AB We employed two independent methods to study possible damage to the scintillation mechanism in lead tungstate crystals due to irradiation by a 34 V pion beam. Firstly 10 crystals were irradiated simultaneously over 30 h by a narrow beam, so that only a small region of each crystal was affected. We studied the effect of the irradiation on the light output non-uniformity. If a localized degradation was observed, it would indicate damage to the scintillation mechanism. Secondly, we detected light output using two phototubes attached to the sides of a crystal. Since these phototubes detect scintillation light only from a small localized region, the effect of transmission loss should be minimal. We did not see any statistically significant evidence for scintillation mechanism damage with either method. The effect is consistent with zero, and the upper limit is 0.5% at 95% C.L. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Expt Phys Dept, Protvino 142281, Moscow, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Minaev, NG (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Expt Phys Dept, Protvino 142281, Moscow, Russia. EM minaev@mx.ihep.su NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 540 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.015 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 909YL UT WOS:000227896500009 ER PT J AU Mizuno, T Kamae, T Ng, JST Tajima, H Mitchell, JW Streitmatter, R Fernholz, RC Groth, E Fukazawa, Y AF Mizuno, T Kamae, T Ng, JST Tajima, H Mitchell, JW Streitmatter, R Fernholz, RC Groth, E Fukazawa, Y TI Beam test of a prototype detector array for the PoGO astronomical hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray polarimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE polarimetry; balloon; gamma-ray; Monte Carlo ID CRAB-NEBULA; EGS4 CODE; POLARIZATION; SCATTERING; EMISSION; PHOTON; IMPLEMENTATION; COMPTON; PHYSICS; PULSAR AB Polarization measurements in the X-ray and gamma-ray energy range can provide crucial information on massive compact objects such as black holes and neutron stars. The Polarized Gamma-ray Observer (PoGO) is a new balloon-borne instrument designed to measure polarization from astrophysical objects in the 30-100keV range, under development by an international collaboration with members from United States, Japan, Sweden and France. To examine PoGO's capability, a beam test of a simplified prototype detector array was conducted at the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source. The detector array consisted of seven plastic scintillators, and was irradiated by polarized photon beams at 60, 73 and 83 keV. The data showed a clear polarization signal, with a measured modulation factor of 0.42 +/- 0.01. This was successfully reproduced at the 1.0% level by the computer simulation package Geant4 after modifications to its implementation of polarized Compton/Rayleigh scattering. Details of the beam test and the validation of the Geant4 simulations are presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP Mizuno, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mizuno@SLAC.Stanford.EDU NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 540 IS 1 BP 158 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.009 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 909YL UT WOS:000227896500011 ER PT J AU Wilburn, WS Bowman, JD Penttila, SI Gericke, MT AF Wilburn, WS Bowman, JD Penttila, SI Gericke, MT TI A low-noise current-mode preamplifier for gamma asymmetry measurements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE amplifiers; symmetries; nucleon-nucleon AB The NPDGamma experiment will measure with high accuracy a very small parity-violating directional asymmetry A, in the emission of gamma rays from the capture of polarized cold neutrons by protons. High event rates and systematic error considerations require the use of current mode detection with vacuum photo-diodes and low-noise solid-state preamplifiers. The preamplifier requirements, design, and measured properties are described. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Wilburn, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wilburn@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 540 IS 1 BP 180 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.10.036 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 909YL UT WOS:000227896500013 ER PT J AU Chapline, G Nazario, Z Santiago, DI AF Chapline, G Nazario, Z Santiago, DI TI On Gossamer metals and insulating behaviour SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS AB We extend the Gossamer technique recently proposed to describe superconducting ground states to metallic ground states. The Gossamer metal in a single band model will describe a metallic phase that becomes arbitrarily hard to differentiate from an insulator as one turns the Coulomb correlations up. We were motivated by the phase diagram Of V2O3 and f-electron systems which have phase diagrams in which a line of first-order metal-insulator transition ends at a critical point above which the two phases are indistinguishable. This means that one can go continuously from the metal to the 'insulator', suggesting that they might be the same phase. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Grav Probe B Relativ Mission, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Santiago, DI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM david@small.stanford.edu NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 8 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1080/14786430412331314627 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 908IN UT WOS:000227780800004 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Badaud, F Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Butler, JM Bystricky, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevalier, L Cho, DK Choi, S Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Coss, J Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cristetiu, M Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E De Oliveira Martins, C Dean, S Deliot, F Delsart, PA Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, D Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Freeman, W Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Golling, T Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Gris, P Grivaz, JF Groer, L Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Hagopian, S Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Huang, J Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Jostlein, H Juste, A Kado, MM Kafer, D Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kau, D Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, KH Klima, B Klute, M Kohli, JM Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, SW Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Lubatti, HJ Lueking, L Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McCroskey, R Meder, D Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mitrevski, J Mokhov, N Molina, J Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Otero y Garzon, GJ Padley, P Parashar, N Park, J Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, O Petroff, P Petteni, M Phaf, L Piegaia, R Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pope, BG Prado da Silva, WL Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schukin, AA Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shephard, WD Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Song, Y Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Steinbruck, G Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tentindo-Repond, S Thomas, E Thooris, B Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Walker, R Wang, L Wang, ZM Warchol, J Warsinsky, M Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wegner, M Wermes, N White, A White, V Whiteson, D Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wittlin, J Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xu, Q Xuan, N Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhang, X Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Badaud, F Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Butler, JM Bystricky, J Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevalier, L Cho, DK Choi, S Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Coss, J Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cristetiu, M Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E De Oliveira Martins, C Dean, S Deliot, F Delsart, PA Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, D Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Freeman, W Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Golling, T Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Gris, P Grivaz, JF Groer, L Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Hagopian, S Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Huang, J Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Jostlein, H Juste, A Kado, MM Kafer, D Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kau, D Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, KH Klima, B Klute, M Kohli, JM Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, SW Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Lubatti, HJ Lueking, L Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McCroskey, R Meder, D Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mitrevski, J Mokhov, N Molina, J Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Otero y Garzon, GJ Padley, P Parashar, N Park, J Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, O Petroff, P Petteni, M Phaf, L Piegaia, R Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pope, BG Prado da Silva, WL Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reay, NW Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schukin, AA Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shephard, WD Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Song, Y Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Steinbruck, G Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tentindo-Repond, S Thomas, E Thooris, B Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Walker, R Wang, L Wang, ZM Warchol, J Warsinsky, M Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wegner, M Wermes, N White, A White, V Whiteson, D Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wittlin, J Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xu, Q Xuan, N Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhang, X Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for Wbb(-) and WH production in pp(-) collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We present a search for Wb (b) over bar production in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV in events containing one electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and two b-tagged jets. Using 174 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity accumulated by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and the standard-model description of such events, we set a 95% C.L. upper limit on Wb (b) over bar production of 6.6 pb for b quarks with transverse momenta p(T)(b)> 20 GeV and b (b) over bar separation in pseudorapidity-azimuth space Delta R-bb> 0.75. Restricting the search to optimized b (b) over bar mass intervals provides upper limits on WH production of 9.0-12.2 pb for Higgs-boson masses of 105-135 GeV. C1 Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Ctr Partcile Phys, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, IN2P3, CNRS, Marseille, France. IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, IN2P3, CNRS, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Strasbourg, IN2P3, CNRS, IReS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Univ Amsterdam, FOM Inst, NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF H, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. RI Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; NR 25 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 091802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.091802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000011 PM 15783803 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M Dasu, S de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Huynh, X Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, A Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H AF Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barklow, TL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Berger, R Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcaterra, A Cassell, R Chou, A Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cowan, RF Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M Dasu, S de Groot, N de Sangro, R Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Erofeeva, I Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fernandez, JP Flood, K Frey, R Hart, EL Hasuko, K Hertzbach, SS Huffer, ME Huynh, X Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Kofler, RR Kroeger, RS Langston, M Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T McKemey, AK Messner, R Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nesom, G Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Ratcliff, BN Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Shapiro, G Sinev, NB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, A Swartz, M Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Usher, T Va'vra, J Verdier, R Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Wright, TR Yamamoto, RK Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H TI Direct measurements of A(b) and A(c) using vertex and kaon charge tags at the SLAC detector SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY; DECAYS; ANNIHILATION; POLE AB Exploiting the manipulation of the SLAC Linear Collider electron-beam polarization, we present precise direct measurements of the parity-violation parameters A(c) and A(b) in the Z-boson-c-quark and Z-boson-b-quark coupling. Quark-antiquark discrimination is accomplished via a unique algorithm that takes advantage of the precise SLAC Large Detector charge coupled device vertex detector, employing the net charge of displaced vertices as well as the charge of kaons that emanate from those vertices. From the 1996-1998 sample of 400 000 Z decays, produced with an average beam polarization of 73.4%, we find A(c)=0.673 +/- 0.029(stat)+/- 0.023(syst) and A(b)=0.919 +/- 0.018(stat)+/- 0.017(syst). C1 Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Aomori Univ, Aomori 030, Japan. Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. 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Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Moulik, T Movilla Fernandez, PA Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Naumov, D Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nicollerat, AS Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Plager, C Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schemitz, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stefanini, A Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S TI First measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections from Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DRELL-YAN; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; UNCERTAINTIES; PREDICTIONS; ERRORS AB We report the first measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios for p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV, based on their decays to electrons and muons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72 pb(-1) recorded with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We test e-mu universality in W decays, and we measure the ratio of leptonic W and Z rates from which the leptonic branching fraction B(W -> l nu) can be extracted as well as an indirect value for the total width of the W and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element, vertical bar V(cs)vertical bar. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki Grp, FIN-00044 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00044 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013 OI Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Farrington, Sinead/0000-0001-5350-9271; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643 NR 19 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 091803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.091803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000012 ER PT J AU Batyrev, IG McMahon, WE Zhang, SB Olson, JM Wei, SH AF Batyrev, IG McMahon, WE Zhang, SB Olson, JM Wei, SH TI Step structures on III-V phosphide (001) surfaces: How do steps and Sb affect CuPt ordering of GaInP2? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BAND-GAP ENERGY; RECONSTRUCTION; TRIMER; STABILITIES AB The observation of III-V phosphide (001)-(2x2) surfaces makes it possible to solve a long standing mystery of step structures. First-principles calculations show that a bulklike type-B step on a hydrogenated 2x2 surface is more stable than a rebonded one by 1.1 eV/unit step. In contrast, this energy difference for a H-free beta(2x4) surface is only 0.5 eV/unit step. The large difference explains why the CuPt ordering of GaInP is stronger in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition than in molecular beam epitaxy. However, a minute amount of Sb will preferentially attach to the 2x2 surface steps and induce additional step structures that cause ordering disruption. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 096101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.096101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000035 PM 15783978 ER PT J AU Blue, BE Weber, SV Glendinning, SG Lanier, NE Woods, DT Bono, MJ Dixit, SN Haynam, CA Holder, JP Kalantar, DH MacGowan, BJ Nikitin, AJ Rekow, VV Van Wonterghem, BM Moses, EI Stry, PE Wilde, BH Hsing, WW Robey, HF AF Blue, BE Weber, SV Glendinning, SG Lanier, NE Woods, DT Bono, MJ Dixit, SN Haynam, CA Holder, JP Kalantar, DH MacGowan, BJ Nikitin, AJ Rekow, VV Van Wonterghem, BM Moses, EI Stry, PE Wilde, BH Hsing, WW Robey, HF TI Experimental investigation of high-mach-number 3D hydrodynamic jets at the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORE COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT AB The first hydrodynamic experiments were performed on the National Ignition Facility. A supersonic jet was formed via the interaction of a laser driven shock (similar to 40 Mbar) with 2D and 3D density perturbations. The temporal evolution of the jet's spatial scales and ejected mass were measured with point-projection x-ray radiography. Measurements of the large-scale features and mass are in good agreement with 2D and 3D numerical simulations. These experiments provide quantitative data on the evolution of 3D supersonic jets and provide insight into their 3D behavior. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blue, BE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 095005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.095005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000031 PM 15783974 ER PT J AU Nassar, H Paul, M Ahmad, I Berkovits, D Bettan, M Collon, P Dababneh, S Ghelberg, S Greene, JP Heger, A Heil, M Henderson, DJ Jiang, CL Kappeler, F Koivisto, H O'Brien, S Pardo, RC Patronis, N Pennington, T Plag, R Rehm, KE Reifarth, R Scott, R Sinha, S Tang, X Vondrasek, R AF Nassar, H Paul, M Ahmad, I Berkovits, D Bettan, M Collon, P Dababneh, S Ghelberg, S Greene, JP Heger, A Heil, M Henderson, DJ Jiang, CL Kappeler, F Koivisto, H O'Brien, S Pardo, RC Patronis, N Pennington, T Plag, R Rehm, KE Reifarth, R Scott, R Sinha, S Tang, X Vondrasek, R TI Stellar (n,gamma) cross section of Ni-62 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE STARS; ION-SOURCE; S-PROCESS; CAPTURE; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SEPARATION AB The Ni-62(n,gamma)Ni-63(t(1/2) = 100 +/- 2 yr) reaction plays an important role in the control of the flow path of the slow neutron-capture (s) nucleosynthesis process. We have measured for the first time the total cross section of this reaction for a quasi-Maxwellian (kT = 25 keV) neutron flux. The measurement was performed by fast-neutron activation, combined with accelerator mass spectrometry to detect directly the Ni-63 product nuclei. The experimental value of 28.4 +/- 2.8 mb, fairly consistent with a recent calculation, affects the calculated net yield of Ni-62 itself and the whole distribution of nuclei with 62 < A < 90 produced by the weak s process in massive stars. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Soreq Nucl Res Ctr, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76201 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Paul, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM paul@vms.huji.ac.il RI Patronis, Nikolaos/A-3836-2008; Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016; Dababneh, Saed/E-7281-2017 OI Dababneh, Saed/0000-0002-7376-1084 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 092504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.092504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000017 PM 15783960 ER PT J AU Xu, JL van Schilfgaarde, M Samolyuk, GD AF Xu, JL van Schilfgaarde, M Samolyuk, GD TI Role of disorder in Mn : GaAs, Cr : GaAs, and Cr : GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETISM; (GA,MN)AS AB We present calculations of magnetic exchange interactions and critical temperature T-c in Ga1-xMnxAs, Ga1-xCrxAs, and Ga1-xCrxN. The local spin-density approximation is combined with a linear-response technique to map the magnetic energy onto a Heisenberg Hamiltonion, but no significant further approximations are made. We show the following: (i) configurational disorder results in large dispersions in the pairwise exchange interactions; (ii) the disorder strongly reduces T-c; (iii) clustering in the magnetic atoms, whose tendency is predicted from total-energy considerations, further reduces T-c, while ordering the dopants on a lattice increases it. With all the factors taken into account, T-c is reasonably predicted by the local spin-density approximation in Mn: GaAs without the need to invoke compensation by donor impurities. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Xu, JL (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 27 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 097201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.097201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000051 PM 15783994 ER PT J AU Max, CE Canalizo, G Macintosh, BA Raschke, L Whysong, D Antonucci, R Schneider, G AF Max, CE Canalizo, G Macintosh, BA Raschke, L Whysong, D Antonucci, R Schneider, G TI The core of NGC 6240 from Keck adaptive optics and Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (NGC 6240); galaxies : interactions; instrumentation : adaptive optics ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXY; YOUNG GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; INTENSE H-2 EMISSION; NGC 6240; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; STARBURST GALAXIES; MERGING GALAXIES; MERGER NGC-6240; ACTIVE NUCLEUS; STAR-CLUSTERS AB We present results of near-infrared imaging of the disk-galaxy merger NGC 6240 using adaptive optics on the Keck II telescope and reprocessed archival data from NICMOS on the Hubble Space Telescope. Both the northern and southern nuclei of NGC 6240 are clearly elongated, with considerable substructure within each nucleus. In K' band there are at least two point sources within the northern nucleus; we tentatively identify the southwestern point source within the northern nucleus as the position of one of the two active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Within the southern nucleus, the northern subnucleus is more highly reddened. Based on the nuclear separation measured at 5 GHz, we suggest that the AGN in the southern nucleus is still enshrouded in dust at K' band and is located slightly to the north of the brightest point in K' band. Within the southern nucleus there is strong H-2 1 - 0 S(1) line emission from the northern subnucleus, contrary to the conclusions of previous seeing-limited observations. Narrowband H-2 emission line images show that a streamer or ribbon of excited molecular hydrogen connects the northern and southern nuclei. We suggest that this linear feature corresponds to a bridge of gas connecting the two nuclei, as seen in computer simulations of mergers. Many pointlike regions are seen around the two nuclei. These are most prominent at 1.1 mu m with NICMOS and in K' band with Keck adaptive optics. We suggest that these point sources represent young star clusters formed in the course of the merger. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div 1, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM max@ucolick.org; canalizo@ucr.edu; bmac@igpp.ucllnl.org; lynne@ucolick.org; dwhysong@physics.ucsb.edu; ski@spot.physics.ucsb.edu; gschneider@stsci.edu OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 2 BP 738 EP 749 DI 10.1086/427546 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 905CM UT WOS:000227545300015 ER PT J AU Mizuta, A Kane, JO Pound, MW Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Takabe, H AF Mizuta, A Kane, JO Pound, MW Remington, BA Ryutov, DD Takabe, H TI Hydrodynamic instability of ionization fronts in HII regions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HII regions; hydrodynamics; instabilities; ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; methods : numerical ID STABILITY; PHOTOEVAPORATION AB We investigate hydrodynamic instability of accelerating ionization fronts using two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that include detailed energy deposition and release due to the absorption of UV radiation, recombination of hydrogen, radiative molecular cooling, and magnetic pressure. We consider linear perturbation growth and find that the stabilization mechanism associated with nonaccelerated fronts remains a significant factor even when acceleration is present. Conversely, if recombination in the ionized region is turned off, Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability becomes effective, and the classical RT growth rate recovered. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mizuta, A (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM amizuta@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Pound, Marc/A-1600-2010 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 2 BP 803 EP 807 DI 10.1086/427677 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 905CM UT WOS:000227545300021 ER PT J AU Glassgold, AE Krstic, PS Schultz, DR AF Glassgold, AE Krstic, PS Schultz, DR TI H++Hscattering and ambipolar diffusion heating SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffusion; ISM : atoms; scattering ID THERMAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ION; SHOCK-WAVES; WINDS; H-2(+); CLOUDS; STATES; HD+ AB We report new and highly accurate quantum mechanical calculations of the astrophysically interesting scattering of H+ by H atoms. The effects of the quantum indistinguishability of the two protons are treated consistently throughout, including the calculation of the momentum transfer cross section where elastic scattering and charge transfer cannot be separated at low energies. We are able to resolve the numerous oscillations in the energy variation of the angle-integrated cross sections. With decreasing energy below 1 eV, the oscillations grow in amplitude until a smooth, approximately 1/nu(2) dependence on velocity is reached below 10(-5) eV. The 1/nu behavior, traditionally associated with a constant Langevin rate coefficient, is never realized down to the lowest energy calculated (10(-10) eV). We use the momentum transfer cross section to calculate accurately the transport rate coefficient that characterizes the drag force between ionic and neutral fluids and the strength of ambipolar diffusion heating for temperatures and ion-neutral drift speeds relevant for astrophysical applications. An early fit of this rate coefficient by Draine is sustained except at low energies. The application of these results to the role of ambipolar diffusion in heating jets from young stellar objects is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Glassgold, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aglassgold@astron.berkeley.edu; krsticp@ornl.gov; schultzd@ornl.gov NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 2 BP 808 EP 816 DI 10.1086/427686 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 905CM UT WOS:000227545300022 ER PT J AU Butler, NR Sakamoto, T Suzuki, M Kawai, N Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Donaghy, TQ Dullighan, A Vanderspek, R Crew, GB Ford, P Ricker, G Atteia, JL Yoshida, A Shirasaki, Y Tamagawa, T Torii, K Matsuoka, M Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Doty, J Villasenor, J Prigozhin, G Jernigan, JG Barraud, C Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Hurley, K Levine, A Martel, F Morgan, E Woosley, SE Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G AF Butler, NR Sakamoto, T Suzuki, M Kawai, N Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Donaghy, TQ Dullighan, A Vanderspek, R Crew, GB Ford, P Ricker, G Atteia, JL Yoshida, A Shirasaki, Y Tamagawa, T Torii, K Matsuoka, M Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Doty, J Villasenor, J Prigozhin, G Jernigan, JG Barraud, C Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Hurley, K Levine, A Martel, F Morgan, E Woosley, SE Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G TI High-energy observations of XRF 030723: Evidence for an off-axis gamma-ray burst? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; supernovae : general; X-rays : general ID PEAK ENERGY; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; LOW-LUMINOSITY; AFTERGLOWS; FLASH; GRB-031203; EMISSION; BEPPOSAX; MODELS; PERFORMANCE AB We report High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) Wide Field X-ray Monitor (WXM) and French Gamma Telescope observations of XRF 030723 along with observations of the XRF afterglow made using the 6.5 m Magellan Clay telescope and Chandra. The observed peak energy E-pk(obs) of the nu F-nu burst spectrum is found to lie within (or below) the WXM2 - 25 keV passband at 98.5% confidence, and no counts are detected above 30 keV. Our best-fit value is E-pk(obs) = 8.4(-3.4)(+3.5) keV. The ratio of X-ray to gamma-ray flux for the burst follows a correlation found for GRBs observed with HETE-2, and the duration of the burst is similar to that typical of long-duration GRBs. If we require that the burst isotropic equivalent energy E-iso and E-pk satisfy the relation discovered by Amati et al. (2002), a redshift of z = 0.38(-0.18)(+0.36) can be determined, in agreement with constraints determined from optical observations. We are able to fit the X-ray afterglow spectrum and to measure its temporal fade. Although the best-fit fade is shallower than the concurrent fade in the optical, the spectral similarity between the two bands indicates that the X-ray fade may actually trace the optical fade. If this is the case, the late-time rebrightening observed in the optical cannot be due to a supernova bump. We interpret the prompt and afterglow X-ray emission as arising from a jetted GRB observed off-axis and possibly viewed through a complex circumburst medium that is due to a progenitor wind. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CNR, IASF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP MIT, Ctr Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 2 BP 884 EP 893 DI 10.1086/427746 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 905CM UT WOS:000227545300028 ER PT J AU Kusenko, A AF Kusenko, A TI Pulsar kicks and dark matter from a sterile neutrino SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Coral Gables Conference CY DEC 17-21, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL ID VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RADIO PULSARS; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSPORT; COLLAPSE AB The observed velocities of radio pulsars, which range in the hundreds kilometers per second, and many of which exceed 1000 km/s, are not explained by the standard physics of the supernova explosion. However, if a sterile neutrino with mass in the 1-20 keV range exists, it would be emitted asymmetrically from a cooling neutron star, which could give it a sufficient recoil to explain the pulsar motions. The same particle can be the cosmological dark mater. Future observations of X-ray telescopes and gravitational wave detectors can confirm or rule out this explanation. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kusenko, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1148 EP 1154 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0502402X PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 917EM UT WOS:000228439000008 ER PT J AU Fu, YJ Yang, X Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Fu, YJ Yang, X Wang, XB Wang, LS TI Probing the electronic structure of [2Fe-2S] clusters with three coordinate iron sites by use of photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS FERREDOXIN; NITROGENASE FEMO-COFACTOR; MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; REPULSIVE COULOMB BARRIER; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CUBANE 4FE-4S CLUSTER; VALENCE BOND THEORY; REDOX POTENTIALS; SULFUR CLUSTERS; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII AB Five series of [2Fe-2S] complexes, [Fe2S2Cl2-x(CN)(x)](-), [Fe2S2(SEt)(2-x)Cl-x](-), [Fe2S2(SEt)(2-x)(CN)(x)](-) [Fe2S2Cl2-x(OAc)(x)](-) (OAc = acetate), and [Fe2S2(SEt)(2-x)(OPr)(x)](-) (OPr = propionate) (x = 0-2), were produced by collision-induced dissociation of the corresponding [4Fe-4S] complexes, and their electronic structures were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. All the [2Fe-2S] complexes contain a [Fe2S2](+) core similar to that in reduced [2Fe] ferredoxins but with different coordination geometries. For the first three series, which only involve tricoordinated Fe sites, a linear relationship between the measured binding energies and the substitution number (x) was observed, revealing the independent ligand contributions to the total electron binding energies. The effect of the ligand increases in the order SEt - Cl - CN, conforming to their electron-withdrawing ability in the same order. The carboxylate ligands in the [Fe2S2Cl2-x(OAc)(x)](-) and [Fe2S2(SEt)(2-x)(OPr)(x)](-) complexes were observed to act as bidentate ligands, giving rise to tetracoordinated iron sites. This is different from their monodentate coordination behavior in the [4Fe-4S] cubane complexes, reflecting the high reactivity of the unsatisfied three-coordinate iron site in the [2Fe-2S] complexes. The [2Fe-2S] complexes with tetracoordinated iron sites exhibit lower electron binding energies, that is, higher reductive activity than the all tricoordinate planar clusters. The electronic structures of all the [2Fe-2S] complexes were shown to conform to the "inverted energy level scheme". C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM63555] NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 1815 EP 1820 DI 10.1021/jp045177k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904EP UT WOS:000227479200010 PM 16833511 ER PT J AU Marin, TW Jonah, CD Bartels, DM AF Marin, TW Jonah, CD Bartels, DM TI Reaction of hydrogen atoms with hydroxide ions in high-temperature and high-pressure water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDRATED ELECTRON; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; RATE CONSTANTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; REACTION-RATES; ISOTOPE; MUONIUM; STATES AB The rate constant for the reaction of hydrogen atoms (H*) with hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution has been measured from 100 to 300 degreesC by direct measurement of the hydrated electron ((e(-))(aq)) product growth rate. In combining these measurements with previous results, the reaction is observed to display Arrhenius behavior in two separate temperature regions, 3-100 and 100-330 degreesC, where the data above 100 degreesC show an obvious decrease in activation energy from 38.2 +/- 0.6 to 25.4 +/- 0.8 kJ mol(-1). The value of the rate constant is smaller than that estimated previously in the 200-300 degreesC range. The very unusual activation energy behavior of the forward and backward reactions is discussed in the context of transition state theory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Notre Dame Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Bartels, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bartels@hertz.rad.nd.edu RI Marin, Timothy/E-3446-2010 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 1843 EP 1848 DI 10.1021/jp046737i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904EP UT WOS:000227479200014 PM 16833515 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Sutherland, JW Michael, JV AF Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Sutherland, JW Michael, JV TI Reflected shock tube studies of high-temperature rate constants for OH+CH4 -> CH3+H2O and CH3+NO2 -> CH3O+NO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; OH RADICAL REACTIONS; AB-INITIO; TUNNELING CALCULATIONS; MULTIPASS ABSORPTION; QUANTUM SCATTERING; LASER PHOTOLYSIS; METHYL RADICALS AB The reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection of OH radicals at 308 nm has been used to study the reactions OH + CH4 --> CH3 + H2O and CH3 + NO2 --> CH3O + NO. Over the temperature range 840-2025 K, the rate constants for the first reaction can be represented by the Arrhenius expression k = (9.52 +/- 1.62) x 10(-11) exp[(-4134 +/- 222 K)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Since this reaction is important in both combustion and atmospheric chemistry, there have been many prior investigations with a variety of techniques. The present results extend the temperature range by 500 K and have been combined with the most accurate earlier studies to derive an evaluation over the extended temperature range 195 - 2025 K. A three-parameter expression describes the rate behavior over this temperature range, k = (1.66 x 10(-18))T-2.182 exp[(-1231 K)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Previous theoretical studies are discussed, and the present evaluation is compared to earlier theoretical estimates. Since CH3 radicals are a product of the reaction and could cause secondary perturbations in rate constant determinations, the second reaction was studied by OH radical production from the fast reactions CH3O --> CH2O + H and H + NO2 --> OH + NO. The measured rate constant is 2.26 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and is not dependent on temperature from 233 to 1700 K within experimental error. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@an1.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 65 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 1857 EP 1863 DI 10.1021/jp040679j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904EP UT WOS:000227479200016 PM 16833517 ER PT J AU Yu, HG Muckerman, JT AF Yu, HG Muckerman, JT TI Ab initio and direct dynamics studies of the reaction of singlet methylene with acetylene and the lifetime of the cyclopropene complex SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; C3H4 SURFACE; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; PROPARGYL RADICALS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; MASTER EQUATION; SELF-REACTION; (CH2)-C-1 AB The energetics of the (CH2)-C-1 + C2H2 --> H + C3H3 reaction are accurately calculated using an extrapolated coupled-cluster/complete basis set (CBS) method based on the cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and cc-pVQZ basis sets. The reaction enthalpy (0 K) is predicted to be -20.33 kcal/mol. This reaction has no classical barrier in either the entrance or exit channel. However, there are several stable intermediates-cyclopropene (c-C3H4), allene (CH2CCH2), and propyne (CH3CCH)-along the minimum energy path. These intermediates with zero-point energy corrections lie below the reactants by 87.11 (c-C3H4), 109.69 (CH2CCH2), and 110.78 kcal/mol (CH3CCH). The vibrationally adiabatic ground-state (VAG) barrier height for C-C3H4 isomerization to allene is obtained as 45.2 kcal/mol, and to propyne as 37.2 kcal/mol. In addition, the (CH2)-C-1 + C2H2 reaction is investigated utilizing the dual-level "scaling all correlation" (SAC) ab initio method of Truhlar et al., i.e., the UCCSD(SAC)/cc-pVDZ theory. Results show that the reaction occurs via long-lived complexes. The lifetime of the cyclopropene intermediate is obtained as 3.2 +/- 0.4 ps. It is found that the intermediate propyne can be formed directly from reactants through the insertion of (CH2)-C-1 into a C2H2 bond of C2H, However, compared to the major mechanism in which the propyne is produced through a ring-opening of the cyclopropene complex, this reaction pathway is much less favorable. Finally, the theoretical thermal rate constant exhibits a negative temperature dependence, which is in excellent agreement with the previous results. The temperature dependence is consistent with the earlier RRKM results but weaker than the experimental observations at high temperatures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 1890 EP 1896 DI 10.1021/jp045049w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904EP UT WOS:000227479200020 PM 16833521 ER PT J AU Doorn, SK Zheng, LX O'Connell, MJ Zhu, YT Huang, SM Liu, J AF Doorn, SK Zheng, LX O'Connell, MJ Zhu, YT Huang, SM Liu, J TI Raman spectroscopy and imaging of ultralong carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; GROWTH; BAND; NANOPARTICLES; DEFECTS; BUNDLES; LONG AB Raman spectroscopy and confocal Raman imaging with 514 nm excitation was performed on recently developed ultralong carbon nanotubes grown by the "fast-heating" chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The ultralong nanotubes are found to consist of both semiconducting and metallic types, with spectra that are consistent with the nanotubes being single walled. Characterization of nanotube diameters shows that short nanotubes appearing near the sample catalyst region have a broader distribution than is observed for the ultralong nanotubes. The narrow diameter distribution is determined by uniformity of catalyst particle size and gives additional evidence for the proposed "kite" mechanism for long nanotube growth. Raman imaging was performed over large length scales (up to 140 mum). Imaging reveals the ultralong nanotubes to be of high quality, with a very low defect density. Variations in G-band frequencies and intensity demonstrate the occurrence of minor structural changes and variations in nanotube -substrate interaction along the length of the nanotubes. Evidence also demonstrates that larger structural changes resulting in a full chirality change can occur in these nanotube types to produce a metal-to- semiconductor intramolecular junction. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Zheng, Lianxi/A-3855-2011; Liu, Jie/B-4440-2010 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Zheng, Lianxi/0000-0003-4974-365X; Liu, Jie/0000-0003-0451-6111 NR 41 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 3751 EP 3758 DI 10.1021/jp0463159 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 904ER UT WOS:000227479400012 PM 16851421 ER PT J AU Dalvi-Malhotra, J Chen, LH AF Dalvi-Malhotra, J Chen, LH TI Enhanced conjugated polymer fluorescence quenching by dipyridinium-based quenchers in the presence of surfactant SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY MIGRATION; POLYELECTROLYTES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CHEMOSENSORS; SENSITIVITY AB Poly [(2-methoxy-5-propyloxysulfonate)phenylene vinylene] (MPS-PPV) was synthesized directly from its bischloromethylated monomer, considerably reducing the total number of steps involved in the polymer preparation. For the first time, a simple technique of ultracentrifugation was employed for final purification of the polymer. The interactions among the polymer, surfactant, and quencher molecules, as well as amplified fluorescence quenching and fluorescence enhancement associated with the interactions, were investigated and discussed. When compared with methyl viologen [MV](2+), higher values of Stern-Volmer constant K-sv values on the order of greater than or equal to10(7) M-1 were observed for the newly synthesized N-(2-carboxyhexadecanoyl)-N'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium iodide bromide ([CHMB](2+)) quencher in the presence of 1,2-dioleoyl-3- trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) surfactant. Comparisons of surfactants demonstrated that the K-SV of [CHMB](2+) was 10-fold higher in the presence of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) surfactant than with DOTAP. Polymer fluorescence was totally recovered upon addition of DOTAP surfactant to a MV-quenched polymer system, whereas only 50% of fluorescence was recovered upon addition of DOTAP surfactant to the CHMB-quenched polymer solution. In contrast, no fluorescence was recovered when DTAB was added to either the MV- or CHMB-quenched polymer systems. Thus, fluorescence enhancement was observed for the polymer complex with DOTAP, whereas fluorescence quenching was predominant in the polymer complex with DTAB. Such studies will not only help to better understand the intrinsic properties of the ionic conjugated polymer and amplified fluorescence quenching and enhancement but also provide guidelines to develop the next generation of ionic conjugated-polymer-based biosensors. C1 Brewer Sci Inc, Customizat Div, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dalvi-Malhotra, J (reprint author), Brewer Sci Inc, Customizat Div, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM jmalhotra@brewerscience.com NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 3873 EP 3878 DI 10.1021/jp0455071 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 904ER UT WOS:000227479400029 PM 16851438 ER PT J AU Rohde, RA Muller, RA AF Rohde, RA Muller, RA TI Cycles in fossil diversity SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MARINE DIVERSITY; MASS EXTINCTIONS AB It is well known that the diversity of life appears to fluctuate during the course of the Phanerozoic, the eon during which hard shells and skeletons left abundant fossils ( 0 - 542 million years ago). Here we show, using Sepkoski's compendium(1) of the first and last stratigraphic appearances of 36,380 marine genera, a strong 62 +/- 3-million-year cycle, which is particularly evident in the shorter-lived genera. The five great extinctions enumerated by Raup and Sepkoski(2) may be an aspect of this cycle. Because of the high statistical significance we also consider the contributions of environmental factors, and possible causes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muller, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ramuller@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 4 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7030 BP 208 EP 210 DI 10.1038/nature03339 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904JU UT WOS:000227494500043 PM 15758998 ER PT J AU Osipenko, M Melnitchouk, W Simula, S Bosted, P Burkert, V Christy, ME Griffioen, K Keppel, C Kuhn, SE AF Osipenko, M Melnitchouk, W Simula, S Bosted, P Burkert, V Christy, ME Griffioen, K Keppel, C Kuhn, SE TI Higher twist analysis of the proton g(1) structure function SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DEEP INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(2); SPIN STRUCTURE; SUM-RULE; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; POLARIZED PROTONS; POWER CORRECTIONS; ASYMMETRY A(2); ELECTROPRODUCTION; TARGET AB We perform a global analysis of all available spin-dependent proton structure function data, covering a large range of Q(2), 1 <= Q(2) <= 30 GeV2, and calculate the lowest moment of the g(1) structure function as a function of Q(2). From the Q(2) dependence of the lowest moment we extract matrix elements of twist-4 operators, and determine the color electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the proton to be XE = 0.026 +/- 0.015(stat) +/- (0.021)(0.024) (sys) and XB = -0.013 -/+ 0.007(stat) -/+ (0.010)(0.012)(sys), respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. EM wmelnitc@jlab.org RI Osipenko, Mikhail/N-8292-2015; OI Osipenko, Mikhail/0000-0001-9618-3013; Simula, Silvano/0000-0002-5533-6746 NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 609 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.01.071 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 904YJ UT WOS:000227534200012 ER PT J AU Gan, XM Rapko, BM Duesler, EN Binyamin, I Paine, RT Hay, BP AF Gan, XM Rapko, BM Duesler, EN Binyamin, I Paine, RT Hay, BP TI The synthesis and lanthanide coordination chemistry of 2,6-bis[(dicyclohexyl)phosphino-methyl]pyridine N,P,P '-trioxide - The crystal structure of 2,6-bis[(dicyclohexyl)phosphinomethyl] pyridine N,P,P '-trioxide erbium(III) nitrate SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE phosphine oxide; pyridine N-oxide; tridentate chelate; lanthanide complex; X-ray crystallography ID MM3 FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR-MECHANICS; NITRIC-ACID; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; FISSION-PRODUCTS; TRUEX PROCESS; AMERICIUM(III); HYDROCARBONS; COMPLEXES; ION AB The title ligand is obtained in two steps with high overall yield, and is soluble in aromatic solvents, making its liquid liquid extraction performance of potential interest. The ligand forms a stable 1: 1 coordination complex with Er(NO3)(3) and the molecular structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The Er(III) ion is chelated by one tridentate ligand and three bidentate nitrate groups. The structural results are discussed in the context of complexes formed by related ligands. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Paine, RT (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Clark Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rtpaine@unm.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2004.08.027 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 905LY UT WOS:000227571000001 ER PT J AU Kim, H Zhang, HN Narayanan, S Wang, J Prucker, O Ruhe, J Foster, MD AF Kim, H Zhang, HN Narayanan, S Wang, J Prucker, O Ruhe, J Foster, MD TI Surface fluctuations of polymer brushes probed by diffuse X-ray scattering SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polymer brush; surface fluctuations; X-ray scattering ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CAPILLARY WAVES; REFLECTIVITY; INITIATORS AB The diffuse scattering from the surfaces of melt and glassy polymer brushes has been studied systematically for the first time using polystyrene (PS) and poly(n-butylacrylate) (PnBA) brushes synthesized by free radical polymerization. The data show unambiguously that the diffuse scattering behavior varies systematically with brush thickness for both types of brushes. We attribute a cross-over in scattering with q(x) the in-plane scattering vector, to the presence of surface thermal fluctuations and their suppression for longer wavelengths, a phenomenon already reported for films of untethered chains. Long wavelength fluctuations are suppressed more strongly on the surface of a PS brush than on the surface of a film of untethered ('free') PS chains of comparable thickness, so that even in films of thickness, d, such that d/R-g> 5 clear evidence of the suppression of fluctuations can still be seen in the experimentally available range of q(x), Fluctuations are suppressed for q(x) less than a lower wavevector cut-off, q(Lc) which changes with film thickness, though much more weakly than for films of free chains. For values of d/R-g < 4, where R-g is the unperturbed radius of gyration of a comparable free chain, q(Lc) drops as d increases. For d/R-g> 4 q(Lc) begins to increase with brush thickness, in qualitative agreement with theory, indicative of a transition to a true 'brush' state in which stretching of the chains makes longer wavelength fluctuations at the surface unfavorable. Measurements with PnBA brushes having T-g substantially below room temperature confirm the trends mentioned above. Further, they give evidence that the value of q(Lc) is temperature insensitive above T-g. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Maurice Morton Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Inst Microsyst Technol, Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Polymer Sci, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mfoster@uakron.edu RI Prucker, Oswald/E-3578-2010; Ruehe, Juergen/G-6157-2012; OI Prucker, Oswald/0000-0001-8683-7730; Zhang, Haining/0000-0002-5546-2347 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2331 EP 2337 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.059 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 906PP UT WOS:000227654500035 ER PT J AU Chuang, FC Ciobanu, CV Predescu, C Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Chuang, FC Ciobanu, CV Predescu, C Wang, CZ Ho, KM TI Structure of Si(114) determined by global optimization methods SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface relaxation and reconstruction; surface energy; parallel-tempering Monte Carlo methods; genetic algorithm; density functional theory calculations; semi-empirical models and model calculations; silicon ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; MONTE-CARLO; SILICON; SYSTEMS; SURFACES; GEOMETRY; ENERGY AB In this article we report the results of global structural optimization of the Si(114) surface, which is a stable high-index orientation of silicon. We use two independent procedures recently developed for the determination of surface reconstructions, the parallel-tempering Monte Carlo method and the genetic algorithm. These procedures, coupled with the use of a highly optimized interatomic potential for silicon, lead to finding a set of possible models for Si(114), whose energies are recalculated with ab initio density functional methods. The most stable structure obtained here without experimental input coincides with the structure determined from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional calculations by S.C. Erwin, A.A. Baski, L.J. Whitman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 687]. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US Dep Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ciobanu, CV (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, 1610 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cciobanu@mines.edu RI Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009; Chuang, FengChuan/H-7166-2013 OI Chuang, FengChuan/0000-0003-0351-4253 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 578 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.01.036 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 906QM UT WOS:000227656900020 ER PT J AU Perez, CD Costa, DL Opresko, DM AF Perez, CD Costa, DL Opresko, DM TI A new species of Tanacetipathes from Brazil, with a redescription of the type species T-tanacetum (Pourtales) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Antipatharia) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE myriopathidae; Tanacetipathes paula n. sp.; western Atlantic Ocean AB The type species of Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 is Antipathes tanacetum Pourtales, 1880. Pourtales did not designate a holotype for A. tanacetum, nor did he indicate which form he thought was the most "typical" of the species. Because of the similarities of some of the syntypes with other nominal species, it is necessary to select a lectotype from one of the two groups with predominantly uniserial pinnulation. A specimen with short curved primary pinnules was chosen because it has a very distinctive pinnulation pattern that has been previously associated with Tanacetipathes tanacetum. With a lectotype of T. tanacetum designated, potential new species of Tanacetipathes can now be evaluated and compared directly with the type species. This is the case for T. paula n. sp., which is described here from the littoral of Archipelago of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (Brazil). This species has a corallum pseudo-dichotomously branched, with primary pinnules arranged in four rows and in alternating biserial groups of two pinnules each. The primary pinnules are up to 1.9 cm in length. The secondary pinnules usually occur bilaterally, on both sides of the primary pinnules, and often in subopposite pairs, especially near the base of the primary pinnules. There are usually 3-9 secondary pinnules per lateral primary pinnules. The anterior primary pinnules always with only two secondary pinnules arranged in subopposite pair nearer the base of primary. The axial spines are relatively large, conical, acute and slightly papillose; the polypar spines up to 0.25 mm tall and abpolypar spines up to 0.17 mm. Polyps are not present on the type specimen. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, CCB, Dept Zool, GPA, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Perez, CD (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, CCB, Dept Zool, GPA, Rua Prof Moraes Rego 1235,Cidade Univ, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM cdperez@ufpe.br RI Perez, Carlos/G-3887-2010 OI Perez, Carlos/0000-0002-0866-1183 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 10 PY 2005 IS 890 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 904PZ UT WOS:000227511500001 ER PT J AU McMillan, RA Howard, J Zaluzec, NJ Kagawa, HK Mogul, R Li, YF Paavola, CD Trent, JD AF McMillan, RA Howard, J Zaluzec, NJ Kagawa, HK Mogul, R Li, YF Paavola, CD Trent, JD TI A self-assembling protein template for constrained synthesis and patterning of nanoparticle arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NIXPD1-X ALLOY-FILMS; METALLIZATION; CU3AU(100); PALLADIUM; GROWTH C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McMillan, RA (reprint author), 5AM Ventures, 3000 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM amcmillan@5AMventures.com NR 21 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 9 BP 2800 EP 2801 DI 10.1021/ja043827s PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 904ET UT WOS:000227479600003 PM 15740085 ER PT J AU Ashbaugh, HS Pratt, LR Paulaitis, ME Clohecy, J Beck, TL AF Ashbaugh, HS Pratt, LR Paulaitis, ME Clohecy, J Beck, TL TI Deblurred observation of the molecular structure of an oil-water interface SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUIDS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Paulaitis, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM michaelp@jhu.edu RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Ashbaugh, Henry/C-9767-2011 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; NR 16 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 9 BP 2808 EP 2809 DI 10.1021/ja042600u PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 904ET UT WOS:000227479600007 PM 15740089 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Acioli, PH Jellinek, J AF Wang, JL Acioli, PH Jellinek, J TI Structure and magnetism of V(n)Bz(n+1) sandwich clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-BENZENE COMPLEXES; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; X-ALPHA-MO; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY; ENERGY; IONS; PHOTOELECTRON; RESONANCE; BINDING C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jellinek@anl.gov RI Wang, Jinlan/B-3507-2012; Wang, Jinlan/B-3503-2012 OI Wang, Jinlan/0000-0002-4529-874X NR 25 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 9 BP 2812 EP 2813 DI 10.1021/ja043807q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 904ET UT WOS:000227479600009 PM 15740091 ER PT J AU Trebosc, J Wiench, JW Huh, S Lin, VSY Pruski, M AF Trebosc, J Wiench, JW Huh, S Lin, VSY Pruski, M TI Solid-state NMR study of MCM-41-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID H-1 MAS-NMR; PROTON NMR; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; SURFACE; SPECTRA; CONDENSATION; DEHYDRATION; MORPHOLOGY AB A systematic study of the surface of MCM-41-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles prepared under low surfactant concentration was carried out using high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structures and concentrations of various species present during dehydration and rehydration of mesoporous silicas between -25 and 500 degreesC were detailed by employing one-dimensional and two-dimensional H-1, C-13, and Si-29 NMR, including H-1 signal intensity measurements, H-1-H-1 homonuclear correlation experiments (double quantum, exchange, and RFDR), and H-1 Si-29 heteronuclear correlation NMR. These experiments employed high MAS rates of up to 45 kHz. The study shows that the surfactant (CTAB) was almost completely removed by acid extraction. The residual molecules assumed prone positions along the pores, with the tailgroup being most mobile. The weakly adsorbed water was hydrogen bonded to the silanol groups, all of which were involved in such bonds under ambient humidity. Specific structures involving water and silanol groups were proposed for various stages of thermal treatment, which included dehydration, dehydroxylation, and subsequent rehydration. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mpruski@iastate.edu RI HUH, SEONG/E-5192-2011 NR 45 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 15 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 9 BP 3057 EP 3068 DI 10.1021/ja043567e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 904ET UT WOS:000227479600063 PM 15740145 ER PT J AU Yim, WL Byl, O Yates, JT Johnson, JK AF Yim, WL Byl, O Yates, JT Johnson, JK TI Dimensional effects on the LO-TO splitting in CF4: First-principles and infrared absorption studies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE BUNDLES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; VAN-DER-WAALS; TRANSITION DIPOLE INTERACTION; SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; INITIO TOTAL-ENERGY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EFFECTIVE CHARGES; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; ADSORPTION AB The development of longitudinal optical-transverse optical (LO-TO) modes in CF4 has been studied experimentally and theoretically as a function of dimensionality. Infrared absorption experiments for CF4 adsorbed on single-walled carbon nanotubes indicate a lack of LO-TO splitting at low coverage and a gradual appearance of LO-TO modes as the coverage of CF4 on the nanotubes is increased. We have performed density functional perturbation theory calculations for the vibrational frequencies, IR absorption spectra, and phonon density of states for CF4 in one, two, and three dimensions. The calculations demonstrate that LO-TO splitting in 1D is qualitatively different from that computed for 2D or the bulk. The magnitude of the splitting in 1D is about one-half that computed for the bulk, and the LO mode is very weakly blue-shifted in 1D. We predict that the phonon density of states changes dramatically as the dimensionality of the crystal is changed. This prediction can be tested experimentally via inelastic neutron scattering. We conclude that LO-TO splitting can be used as a probe to identify 1D states of matter. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM karlj@pitt.edu RI Yim, Wai-Leung/B-6629-2013; Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 9 BP 3198 EP 3206 DI 10.1021/ja043540v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 904ET UT WOS:000227479600078 PM 15740160 ER PT J AU Chang, JH Shim, CH Kim, BJ Shin, Y Exarhos, GJ Kim, KJ AF Chang, JH Shim, CH Kim, BJ Shin, Y Exarhos, GJ Kim, KJ TI Bicontinuous, thermoresponsive, L-3-phase silica nanocomposites and their smart drug-delivery applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; L-3 PHASE; NETWORKS AB Bicontinuous, thermosensitive, L-3-phase silica nanocomposites are prepared by self-assembly of silicified L-3-phase silicates and L-3-phase silicates integrated with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacryl amide) (PNIPAm; see Figure). In the L-3-PNIPAm material, interpenetrating nanoscale networks of silica and polymer gel are formed, with which highly controlled drug delivery is successfully demonstrated. C1 Korea Inst Ceram Engn & Technol, Seoul 153801, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chang, JH (reprint author), Korea Inst Ceram Engn & Technol, Seoul 153801, South Korea. EM jhchang@kicet.re.kr NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 634 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400545 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 907ZK UT WOS:000227756600031 ER PT J AU Liu, W Crocker, E Zhang, WY Elliott, JI Luy, B Li, HL Aimoto, S Smith, SO AF Liu, W Crocker, E Zhang, WY Elliott, JI Luy, B Li, HL Aimoto, S Smith, SO TI Structural role of glycine in amyloid fibrils formed from transmembrane alpha-helices SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; ASSISTED ROTATIONAL RESONANCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GLYCOPHORIN-A; BETA-SHEET; GXXXG MOTIF; PROTEIN-C; ASSOCIATION; MEMBRANE; DOMAIN AB Amyloid fibrils associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's are often derived from the transmembrane helices of membrane proteins. It is known that the fibrils have a cross-beta-sheet structure where main chain hydrogen bonding occurs between beta-strands in the direction of the fibril axis. However, the structural basis for how the membrane-spanning helix is converted into a beta-sheet or how protofibrils associate into fibrils is not known. Here, we use a model peptide corresponding to a portion of the single transmembrane helix of glycophorin A to investigate the structural role of glycine in amyloid-like fibrils formed from transmembrane helices. Glycophorin A contains a GxxxG motif that is found in many transmembrane sequences including that of the amyloid precursor protein and prion protein. We propose that glycine, which mediates helix interactions in membrane proteins, also provides key packing motifs when it occurs in beta-sheets. We show that glycines in the glycophorin A transmembrane helix promote extended beta-strand formation when the helix partitions into aqueous environments and stabilize the packing of beta-sheets in the formation of amyloid-like fibrils. We demonstrate that fibrillization can be disrupted with a new class of inhibitors that target the molecular grooves created by glycine. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Prot Res, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Smith, SO (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM steven.o.smith@sunysb.edu RI Luy, Burkhard/I-1918-2013 OI Luy, Burkhard/0000-0001-9580-6397 FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR13889]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-46732] NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3591 EP 3597 DI 10.1021/bi047827g PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 903IE UT WOS:000227418500047 PM 15736968 ER PT J AU Nenoff, TM Pless, JD Michaels, E Phillips, MLF AF Nenoff, TM Pless, JD Michaels, E Phillips, MLF TI A new and industrially favorable method for synthesizing sandia octahedral molecular sieve (SOMS-1) Na2Nb1.6Ti0.4O5.6(OH)(0.4)center dot H2O: Synthesis, structure, and scale-up SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol, POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmnenof@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 950 EP 952 DI 10.1021/cm047865m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 903JF UT WOS:000227421300008 ER PT J AU Dolle, M Patoux, S Doeff, MM AF Dolle, M Patoux, S Doeff, MM TI Layered manganese oxide intergrowth electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. 1. Substitution with Co or Ni SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; CATHODE MATERIALS; X LESS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; SPINEL; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSITION; CAPACITY AB Lithium manganese oxides substituted with nickel or cobalt were characterized electrochemically in lithium cell configurations. The compounds studied were either single-phase layered structures with either primarily O2 or O3 stacking arrangements, or O2/O3 intergrowths, prepared from P2, P3, and P2/P3 sodium-containing precursors, respectively. The stacking arrangements are extremely sensitive to the Na/TM (TM = transition metal) ratios and the level of substitution. Phase diagrams showing the stability regions of the various arrangements for the Na-Ni-Mn-O system are presented. A possible correlation between vacancies in the transition metal layers and electrochemical performance is suggested. For high levels of substitution with Ni, fewer defects are possible for materials containing more O3 component and higher discharge capacities can be achieved, but spinet conversion upon cycling also occurs more rapidly as the O3 content increases. Intergrowths show intermediate behavior and represent a potential route toward designing stable, high-capacity electrodes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdocff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Dolle, Mickael/N-4288-2015 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Dolle, Mickael/0000-0002-8887-6730 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1043 DI 10.1021/cm048443f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 903JF UT WOS:000227421300019 ER PT J AU Patoux, S Dolle, M Doeff, MM AF Patoux, S Dolle, M Doeff, MM TI Layered manganese oxide intergrowth electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. 2. Substitution with Al SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE; INTERCALATION ELECTRODES; O2 STRUCTURE; X LESS; LIMNO2; SPINEL; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; CAPACITY AB The structural and electrochemical characterization of layered Li(x)AI(y)Mn(1-y)O(2) compounds prepared from sodium-containing precursors is described. A quaternary phase diagram showing composition ranges for pure P2 and P3 structures and P2/P3 intergrowths obtained in the Na-Al-Mn-O system is presented. Upon ion-exchange, these compounds change to O2, O3, or O2/O3 stacking arrangements, respectively. The oxygen array in O3 and spinel structures is similar, and most of the O3 structures convert to spinel rapidly upon electrochemical cycling in lithium cells. This process is delayed somewhat by increased Al substitution, but not completely inhibited. More effective suppression of the phase transformation is observed in O2/O3 intergrowth electrodes. Additionally, the capacity retention upon cycling of cells containing intergrowth electrodes is superior to those with pure O2 structures. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Dolle, Mickael/N-4288-2015 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Dolle, Mickael/0000-0002-8887-6730 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1044 EP 1054 DI 10.1021/cm0484394 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 903JF UT WOS:000227421300020 ER PT J AU Abakumov, AM Rozova, MG Antipov, EV Hadermann, J Van Tendeloo, G Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M Croft, M Tsiper, EV Llobet, A Lokshin, KA Zhao, YS AF Abakumov, AM Rozova, MG Antipov, EV Hadermann, J Van Tendeloo, G Lobanov, MV Greenblatt, M Croft, M Tsiper, EV Llobet, A Lokshin, KA Zhao, YS TI Synthesis, cation ordering, and magnetic properties of the (Sb1-xPbx)(2)(Mn1-ySby)O-4 solid solutions with the Sb2MnO4-Type structure SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MNSB2O4; OXIDES; FLUORIDES AB Single phase (Sb1-xPbx)(2)(Mn1-ySby)O-4 (0.0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.608, 0.0 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.372) samples with the Sb-2-MnO4-type structure were prepared at 650 C by solid-state reaction in evacuated sealed silica tubes. A replacement of Sb by Pb results in the oxidation of Sb3+ to Sb5+, which in turn replaces Mn2+ cations in octahedrally coordinated positions within the infinite rutile-type chains. The crystal structures of Pb-0.44-Sb1.64Mn0.92O4, Pb0.75Sb1.48Mn0.77O4, Pb1.07Sb1.26Mn0.67O4, and Pb1.186Sb1.175Mn0.639O4 were refined from X-ray powder diffraction data. Increasing the Pb content leads to a decrease of the a parameter from a = 8.719(2) Angstrom to a = 8.6131(8) Angstrom and to an increase of the c parameter from c = 5.999(2) Angstrom to c = 6.2485(7) Angstrom (for Sb2MnO4 and Pb1.216Sb1.155Mn0.628O4, respectively). This occurs due to increasing average cation size at the Pb/Sb position and decreasing cation size at the Mn/Sb position that leads to strong deformation of the (Mn/Sb)O-6 octahedra. Starting from the Pb(0.75)Sb(1.48)Mno(0.77)O(4) composition a modulated structure with q = yc* was observed by electron diffraction. Hig-resolution electron microscopy observations revealed that Mn and Sb ions order forming layers of octahedrally coordinated positions filled either by Mn2+ or by Sb5+ cations and alternating along the c axis. The dilution of the magnetic Mn-2divided by cations by nonmagnetic Sb5+ entities leads to a suppression of the antiferromagnetic intrachain interaction and disappearance of long-range magnetic order at high doping level. At T = 20 K the A(xy) spin component was found to be dominant in the AFM structure of the Pb(0.44)Sp(1.64)Mn(0.92)O(4) sample by neutron diffraction. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia. EM abakumov@icr.chem.msu.ru RI Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012; Hadermann, Joke/F-4644-2011; Antipov, Evgeny/A-4138-2014; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Antipov, Evgeny/0000-0002-8886-8829; NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1134 DI 10.1021/cm048791h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 903JF UT WOS:000227421300029 ER PT J AU Rotstayn, LD Liu, YG AF Rotstayn, LD Liu, YG TI A smaller global estimate of the second indirect aerosol effect SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DROPLET NUMBER CONCENTRATION; SULFUR CYCLE; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SPECTRAL DISPERSION; SULFATE AEROSOL; PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY AB Global estimates of the indirect aerosol effect much larger than 1 W m(-2) in magnitude are difficult to reconcile with observations, yet climate models give estimates between -1 and -4.4 W m(-2). We use a climate model with a new treatment of autoconversion to reevaluate the second indirect aerosol effect. We obtain a global-mean value of -0.28 W m(-2), compared to -0.71 W m(-2) with the autoconversion treatment most often used in climate models. The difference is due to (1) the new scheme's smaller autoconversion rate, and (2) an autoconversion threshold that increases more slowly with cloud droplet concentration. The impact of the smaller autoconversion rate shows the importance of accurately modeling this process. Our estimate of the total indirect aerosol effect on liquid-water clouds changes from -1.63 to -1.09 W m(-2). C1 CSIRO, Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rotstayn, LD (reprint author), CSIRO, Atmospher Res, PB1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM lyg@bnl.gov; leon.rotstayn@csiro.au RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012 OI Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223 NR 29 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 AR L05708 DI 10.1029/2004GL021922 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 906KW UT WOS:000227640700004 ER PT J AU Janssen, Y Chang, S Cho, BK Llobet, A Dennis, KW McCallum, RW McQueeney, RJ Canfield, PC AF Janssen, Y Chang, S Cho, BK Llobet, A Dennis, KW McCallum, RW McQueeney, RJ Canfield, PC TI YbGaGe: normal thermal expansion SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE YbGaGe; intermetallics; neutron diffraction; magnetic measurements; thermal analysis ID TRANSITION AB We report evidence of the absence of zero thermal expansion in well-characterized high-quality polycrystalline samples of YbGaGe. High-quality samples of YbGaGe were produced from high-purity starting elements and were extensively characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis, atomic emission spectroscopy, magnetization, and neutron powder diffraction at various temperatures. Our sample melts congruently at 920degreesC. A small amount of Yb2O3 was found in our sample, which explains the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility. These observations rule out the scenario of electronic valence driven thermal expansion in YbGaGe. Our studies indicate that the thermal expansion of YbGaGe is comparable to that of Cu. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. GIST, Ctr Frontier Mat, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. GIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Janssen, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, A15 Phys Addit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yjanssen@ameslab.gov RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 389 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.08.012 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901AL UT WOS:000227255300004 ER PT J AU Dedrick, DE Kanouff, MP Replogle, BC Gross, KJ AF Dedrick, DE Kanouff, MP Replogle, BC Gross, KJ TI Thermal properties characterization of sodium alanates SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; hydrides; energy storage materials; heat conduction; thermal analysis ID HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; METAL HYDRIDE BEDS; CONDUCTIVITY; POWDER AB High energy density hydrogen storage is a critical technology requirement in a hydrogen-based energy infrastructure. Although there are no current storage methods that meet desired energy density goals for vehicular hydrogen storage, complex metal hydride based systems are among the most promising. These materials form compounds with hydrogen under appropriate conditions and release hydrogen by thermal decomposition. The complex hydride, sodium alanate, is particularly useful due to its favorable reversibility. Thermal properties characterization of sodium alanate has been performed at Sandia National Laboratories to gain a detailed understanding of how complex hydrides will behave in a storage system. Thermal properties were investigated using the thermal probe method (ASTM D5334). Custom test hardware was designed and built to accommodate the complex decomposition and recombination of sodium alanate. Thermal conductivity and thermal wall resistance were determined by utilizing analytical and numerical data analysis methods. The thermal conductivity of sodium alanate was found to vary by more than 90% with changes in phase composition and hydrogen gas pressures between 1 and 100 atm. The quality of thermal contact between the alanate and the vessel wall was characterized numerically for various pressures and phase compositions. The contact resistance is high for all states, indicating poor contact between the material and the vessel wall. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dedrick, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Mat Sci Dept, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dededri@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 389 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.08.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901AL UT WOS:000227255300048 ER PT J AU Jeon, HS Dixit, PS Yim, H AF Jeon, HS Dixit, PS Yim, H TI Dewetting of thin polystyrene films absorbed on epoxy coated substrates SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYMER-POLYMER INTERFACES; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIQUID-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; DISJOINING PRESSURE; CAPILLARY WAVES; BLEND FILMS; DYNAMICS; SURFACES AB Various characteristics of dewetting of thin polystyrene (PS) films absorbed on highly cross-linked epoxy-coated and silicon oxide covered substrates are studied as a function of PS film thickness (20 < h < 1300 A) by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray and neutron reflectivity. For a silicon oxide covered substrate, the nucleation of holes and growth (NG) mechanism is observed for h>h(c1) whereas the spinodal dewetting (SD) occurs through the growth of surface undulations for h < h(c1), where h(c1) is similar to 4R(g). For an epoxy-coated substrate, the NG mechanism is observed for h>h(c2) while the SD mechanism is observed for h < h(c2), where h(c2) is similar to 6R(g). We demonstrate that the highly cross-linked epoxy-coated silicon substrate leads to retardation of the PS film dewetting in comparison to the silicon oxide covered silicon substrate. Moreover, we confirm that the epoxy-coated substrate leads to a significant decrease in the fraction of dewetted area at the apparent equilibrium stage of dewetting due to the anchoring effect of PS molecules caused from the cross-linked networks of the epoxy layer. In contrast the retardation effect of the epoxy-coated substrate on the rate of dewetting is more remarkable for relatively thinner PS films (h < similar to 800 A) than thicker films (similar to 800 < h < 1300 A) since the short-range intermolecular interactions are dominant for relatively thin PS films. Thus the highly cross-linked epoxy-coated substrate has a large influence on the kinetics, morphology, and mechanism of dewetting of thin PS films. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1811, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. RP Jeon, HS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 65 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 10 AR 104707 DI 10.1063/1.1858853 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 915GZ UT WOS:000228287500047 PM 15836345 ER PT J AU Shan, L Mathews, II Khosla, C AF Shan, L Mathews, II Khosla, C TI Structural and mechanistic analysis of two prolyl endopeptidases: Role of interdomain dynamics in catalysis and specificity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE celiac sprue; gluten; prolyl oligopeptidase; serine protease ID DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-IV; CELIAC SPRUE; OLIGOPEPTIDASE; CLONING; ENZYME; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FLAVOBACTERIUM; BINDING; RESIDUE; GLUTEN AB Prolyl endopeptidases (PEPs) are a unique class of serine proteases with considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of celiac sprue. The crystal structures of two didomain PEPs have been solved in alternative configurations, thereby providing insights into the mode of action of these enzymes. The structure of the Sphingomonas capsulata PEP, solved and refined to 1.8-angstrom resolution, revealed an open configuration of the active site. In contrast, the inhibitor-bound PEP from Myxococcus xanthus was crystallized (1.5-angstrom resolution) in a closed form. Comparative analysis of the two structures highlights a critical role for the domain interface in regulating interdomain dynamics and substrate specificity. Structure-based mutagenesis of the M. xanthus PEP confirms an important role for several interfacial residues. A salt bridge between Arg-572 and Asp-196/Glu-197 appears to act as a latch for opening or closing the didomain enzyme, and Arg-572 and Ile-575 may also help secure the incoming peptide substrate to the open form of the enzyme. Arg-618 and Asp-145 are responsible for anchoring the invariant proline residue in the active site of this postproline-cleaving enzyme. A model is proposed for the docking of a representative substrate PQPQLPYPQPQLP in the active site, where the N-terminal substrate residues interact extensively with the catalytic domain, and the C-terminal residues stretch into the propeller domain. Given the promise of the M. xanthus PEP as an oral therapeutic enzyme for treating celiac sprue, our results provide a strong foundation for further optimization of the PEP's clinically useful features. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Khosla, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM khosla@stanford.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK063158, DK 063158] NR 30 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 10 BP 3599 EP 3604 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408286102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904XY UT WOS:000227533100016 PM 15738423 ER PT J AU Hou, JT Jun, SR Zhang, C Kim, SH AF Hou, JT Jun, SR Zhang, C Kim, SH TI Global mapping of the protein structure space and application in structure-based inference of protein function SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE global map of protein universe; multivariate analysis; protein function prediction; protein structure universe ID REPRESENTATIVE SET; DATA-BANK; DATABASE; GENOMICS; SIMILARITIES; ALIGNMENTS; FAMILIES; SEARCH; MODELS; PFAM AB We have constructed a map of the "protein structure space" by using the pairwise structural similarity scores calculated for all nonreclunclant protein structures determined experimentally. As expected, proteins with similar structures clustered together in the map and the overall distribution of structural classes of this map followed closely that of the map of the "protein fold space" we have reported previously. Consequently, proteins sharing similar molecular functions also were found to colocalize in the protein structure space map, pointing toward a previously undescribed scheme for structure-based functional inference for remote homologues based on the proximity in the map of the protein structure space. We found that this scheme consistently outperformed other predictions made by using either the raw scores or normalized Z-scores of pairwise DALI structure alignment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Program Comparat Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Struct Gen Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), 220 Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412, P50 GM062412] NR 32 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 10 BP 3651 EP 3656 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409772102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904XY UT WOS:000227533100025 PM 15705717 ER PT J AU Cheskidov, A Holm, DD Olson, E Titi, ES AF Cheskidov, A Holm, DD Olson, E Titi, ES TI On a Leray-alpha model of turbulence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE subgrid scale models; turbulence models; Leray-alpha model ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; FRACTAL DIMENSION; FLUID TURBULENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLOWS; EULER AB In this paper we introduce and study a new model for three-dimensional turbulence, the Leray-alpha model. This model is inspired by the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokesa model of turbulence (also known Navier-Stokes-alpha model or the viscous Camassa-Holm equations). As in the case of the Lagrangian averaged Navier-Stokes-alpha model, the Leray-alpha model compares successfully with empirical data from turbulent channel and pipe flows, for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. We establish here an upper bound for the dimension of the global attractor (the number of degrees of freedom) of the Leray-alpha model of the order of (L/l(d))(12/7), where L is the size of the domain and l(d) is the dissipation length-scale. This upper bound is much smaller than what one would expect for three-dimensional models, i.e. (L/l(d))(3). This remarkable result suggests that the Leray-a model has a great potential to become a good sub-gridscale large-eddy simulation model of turbulence. We support this observation by studying, analytically and computationally, the energy spectrum and show that in addition to the usual k(-5/3) Kolmogorov power law the inertial range has a steeper power-law spectrum for wavenumbers larger than 1/alpha. Finally, we propose a Prandtl-like boundary-layer model, induced by the Leray-a model, and show a very good agreement of this model with empirical data for turbulent boundary layers. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Math, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Nevada, Dept Math 084, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Math, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Cheskidov, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Math, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM acheskid@indiana.edu; dholm@lanl.gov; ejolson@unr.edu; etiti@math.uci.edu NR 40 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 461 IS 2055 BP 629 EP 649 DI 10.1098/rspa.2004.1373 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 901LL UT WOS:000227283900002 ER PT J AU Melamed, D AF Melamed, D TI Monitoring arsenic in the environment: a review of science and technologies with the potential for field measurements SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE anodic stripping voltammetry; arsenic; arsenate; arsenite; arsenomolybdate; bioassay; capillary electrophoresis; colorimetric; microcantilever; organoarsenic; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; X-ray fluorescence ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ARSINE GENERATION; DRINKING-WATER; POTABLE WATER; SPECIATION; GROUNDWATER AB This review examines available field assays and other technologies with the potential to measure and monitor arsenic in the environment. The strengths and weaknesses of the various assays are discussed with respect to their sensitivity, ability to detect the chemical states of arsenic, performance in various media, potential interferences, and ease of operation. The state of the science and development efforts of selected technologies is presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Off Superfund Remediat, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Technol Innovat Off Solid Waste & Emergency Respo, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Melamed, D (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM dan.melamed@em.doe.gov NR 83 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 532 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.047 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 905KO UT WOS:000227567200001 ER PT J AU Duan, YX Scherrer, ST Koirala, SP Wang, CJ Winstead, CB AF Duan, YX Scherrer, ST Koirala, SP Wang, CJ Winstead, CB TI Uranium emission spectra with a low power microwave plasma source SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE microwave plasma; emission spectrometry; uranium; spectral line; measurement ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROMINENT LINES; PERFORMANCE; ELEMENTS; TORCH AB This work presents the first report of uranium spectra generated by a low power microwave plasma source to conduct emission measurements. Distinct uranium peaks in the wavelength range examined from 320 to 430 nm have been successfully obtained with a 200 W plasma utilizing low gas flow rates. The influence of temperature on the uranium behavior in the plasma source is discussed, and the intensity of the spectral lines obtained with this low power source is systematically compared with the results reported in literature, in which high power plasma sources were employed. Concentration effects are studied and the calibration curves are made for some strong spectral lines. The detection limits of uranium are also estimated to be at the 0.4 ppm level, with linear dynamic range at least two and half orders of magnitude. This research establishes a method to effectively generate uranium atoms and ions at a low power and low gas flow rate, which should be useful for uranium fundamental characteristic studies and on-site uranium monitoring work. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Los Alamos Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, C-ACS,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yduan@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 532 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.076 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 905KO UT WOS:000227567200005 ER PT J AU Kalinin, SV Shin, J Veith, GM Baddorf, AP Lobanov, MV Runge, H Greenblatt, M AF Kalinin, SV Shin, J Veith, GM Baddorf, AP Lobanov, MV Runge, H Greenblatt, M TI Real space imaging of the microscopic origins of the ultrahigh dielectric constant in polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING IMPEDANCE MICROSCOPY; COPPER-TITANATE; CERAMICS AB The origins of an ultrahigh dielectric constant in polycrystalline CaCU3Ti4O12 (CCTO) were studied using the combination of impedance spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Impedance spectra indicate that the transport properties in the 0.1 Hz - 1 MHz frequency range are dominated by a single parallel resistive-capacitive (RC) element with a characteristic relaxation frequency of 16 Hz. dc potential distributions measurements by SPM illustrate that significant potential drops. occur at the grain boundaries, which thus can be unambiguously identified as the dominant RC element. High frequency ac amplitude and phase distributions illustrate very weak grain boundary contrast in SPM, indicative of strong capacitive coupling across the interfaces. These results demonstrate that the ultrahigh dielectric constant reported for polycrystalline CCTO materials is related to grain-boundary behavior. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Lobanov, Maxim/C-2963-2012; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 102902 DI 10.1063/1.1880432 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700044 ER PT J AU Kim, SK Lee, KS Kortright, JB AF Kim, SK Lee, KS Kortright, JB TI Soft X-ray resonant Kerr rotation measurement and simulation of element-resolved and interface-sensitive magnetization reversals in a NiFe/FeMn/Co trilayer structure SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE BIAS; ANISOTROPY; FILMS; BILAYERS; MODEL AB We report experimental observations of element- and buried interface-resolved magnetization reversals in an oppositely exchange-biased NiFe/FeMn/Co trilayer structure by soft x-ray resonant Kerr rotation measurements. Not only Co-, Ni-, Fe-specific exchange-biased loops but also interfacial uncompensated (UC) Fe reversal loops coupled to the individual Co and NiFe layers are separately observed. From the experimental results interpreted with the help of the model simulations of soft x-ray resonant Kerr rotation, the effective thicknesses of interfacial UC regions at the buried interfaces of both FeMn/Co and NiFe/FeMn are found to be t(UC) = 13 +/- 2 angstrom and 6 +/- 4 angstrom respectively. The depth sensitivity as well as element specificity of the x-ray resonant Kerr effect offer an elegant way into the investigations of element- and depth-resolved magnetization reversals of ferromagnetic ultrathin regions at buried interfaces in multicomponent multilayer films. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Nanospintron Lab, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Nanospintron Lab, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM sangkoog@snu.ac.kr RI Shin, Sung-Chul/C-1992-2011; Kim, Sang-Koog/J-4638-2014 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 102502 DI 10.1063/1.1873047 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700036 ER PT J AU Wang, H Liao, XZ Xu, HF Zhang, X Lin, Y Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN MacManus-Driscoll, JL Zhu, YT Jia, QX AF Wang, H Liao, XZ Xu, HF Zhang, X Lin, Y Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN MacManus-Driscoll, JL Zhu, YT Jia, QX TI Effects of Eu interfacial mobility on the growth of epitaxial EuBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THICK-FILMS; TEMPERATURE AB By inserting a thin YBa2Cu3O7-delta (Y123) seed layer, high quality EuBa2Cu3O7-delta (Eu123) films can grow with epitaxial c-axis orientation on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate without increasing the growth temperature. The interfacial structures of Eu123/STO and Eu123/Y123/STO were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the Eu mobility on the STO substrate is very low at the regular deposition temperature. This leads to nonuniform composition distribution at the Eu123/STO interface and a mixture of c-axis and a-axis growth. A thin Y123 seed layer greatly improves the Eu mobility and therefore facilitates high quality c-axis growth. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Consortium Nanosci Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wangh@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 101912 DI 10.1063/1.1881779 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700022 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Hodge, AM Biener, J Hamza, AV Barnes, DE Liu, K Nieh, TG AF Wang, YM Hodge, AM Biener, J Hamza, AV Barnes, DE Liu, K Nieh, TG TI Deformation twinning during nanoindentation of nanocrystalline Ta SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METALS; COPPER; PLASTICITY; STRENGTH; SLIP; AL AB The deformation mechanism of body-centered cubic (bee) nanocrystalline tantalum with grain sizes of 10-30 nm is investigated by nanoindentation, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In a deviation from molecular dynamics simulations and existing experimental observations on other bee nanocrystalline metals, the plastic deformation of nanocrystalline Ta during nanoindentation is controlled by deformation twinning. The observation of multiple twin intersections suggests that the physical mechanism of deformation twinning in bee nanocrystalline materials is different from that in face-centered cubic (fcc) nanocrystalline metals. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ymwang@llnl.gov RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782; Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 20 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 101915 DI 10.1063/1.1883335 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700025 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Liao, XZ AF Zhu, YT Liao, XZ TI Formation mechanism of fivefold deformation twins in nanocrystalline face-centered-cubic metals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AL; COPPER; DISLOCATIONS; BOUNDARIES; PARTICLES; ALUMINUM; NICKEL; SLIP AB Fivefold deformation twins have been recently observed in nanocrystalline face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals and alloys synthesized by severe plastic deformation techniques. However, numerous molecular dynamics simulations in the literature have not observed fivefold deformation twins in nanocrystalline fcc metals. The discrepancy between experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations has raised an issue on their formation mechanism and conditions. Here we propose a sequential twinning mechanism that provides a clear path for the formation of fivefold deformation twins. The mechanism requires an orientation change of applied stresses, which explains why molecular dynamics simulations under a constant load orientation do not produce fivefold deformation twins. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab Consortium Nanosci Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758 NR 23 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 103112 DI 10.1063/1.1879111 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700061 ER PT J AU Szarko, JM Song, JK Blackledge, CW Swart, I Leone, SR Li, SH Zhao, YP AF Szarko, JM Song, JK Blackledge, CW Swart, I Leone, SR Li, SH Zhao, YP TI Optical injection probing of single ZnO tetrapod lasers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL THIN-FILMS; ULTRAFAST CARRIER; DYNAMICS; EMISSION; NANOWIRE AB The properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotetrapod lasers are characterized by a novel ultrafast two-color pump/stimulated emission probe technique. Single legs of tetrapod species are isolated by a microscope objective, pumped by 267 nm pulses, and subjected to a time-delayed 400 nm optical injection pulse, which permits investigation of the ultrafast carrier dynamics in the nanosize materials. With the optical injection pulse included, a large increase in the stimulated emission at 400 run occurs, which partially depletes the carriers at this wavelength and competes with the normal 390 nm lasing. At the 390 nm lasing wavelengths, the optical injection causes a decrease in the stimulated emission due to the energetic redistribution of the excited carrier depletion, which occurs considerably within the time scale of the subpicosecond duration of the injection pulse. The effects of the optical injection on the spectral gain are employed to probe the lasing dynamics, which shows that the full-width at half-maximum of the lasing time is 3 ps. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu RI Zhao, Yiping/A-4968-2008; Swart, Ingmar/E-6977-2012; OI Swart, Ingmar/0000-0003-3201-7301; Szarko, Jodi/0000-0002-2181-9408 NR 19 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 404 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.063 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904RN UT WOS:000227515500033 ER PT J AU Greenlee, KJ Harrison, JF Lee, WK Westneat, M AF Greenlee, KJ Harrison, JF Lee, WK Westneat, M TI X-ray imaging of juvenile and adult grasshoppers reveals increased use of convective gas exchange with age SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77054 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1653 EP A1653 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610904495 ER PT J AU Judex, S Miller, L Qin, YX Donahue, LR Rubin, C AF Judex, S Miller, L Qin, YX Donahue, LR Rubin, C TI Genetic and epigenetic influences on bone quantity and quality SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1362 EP A1362 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610902483 ER PT J AU Natarajan, K Hicks, A Robinson, H Guan, R Mariuzza, RA Margulies, DH AF Natarajan, K Hicks, A Robinson, H Guan, R Mariuzza, RA Margulies, DH TI X-ray crystallographic structure of the murine cytomegalovirus encoded MHC-1 immunoevasin m144 suggests a ligand-binding site SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Margulies, David/H-7089-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1428 EP A1428 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610903129 ER PT J AU Smallwood, HS Squier, TC AF Smallwood, HS Squier, TC TI Induction of calmodulin expression in response to LPS induces a self-regulating regulatory network underlying the nitrative burst in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Biosci Div, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1398 EP A1398 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610902657 ER PT J AU Zambon, AC Zhang, LZ Minovitsky, S Kanter, J Prabhakar, S Salomonis, N Vranizan, K Dubchak, I Conklin, B Insel, P AF Zambon, AC Zhang, LZ Minovitsky, S Kanter, J Prabhakar, S Salomonis, N Vranizan, K Dubchak, I Conklin, B Insel, P TI Genomic analysis of cAMP-mediated gene expression indicates PKA regulates the core circadian clock and clock output genes prior to cell cycle arrest SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1105 EP A1106 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900621 ER PT J AU Fu, YJ Niu, SQ Ichiye, T Wang, LS AF Fu, YJ Niu, SQ Ichiye, T Wang, LS TI Electronic structure and intrinsic redox properties of [2Fe-2S](+) clusters with tri- and tetracoordinate iron sites SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FEMO-COFACTOR; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CENTRAL LIGAND; NITROGENASE; PROTEIN; COMPLEXES; CONSEQUENCES; RESOLUTION; MECHANISM AB Using potentially bidentate ligands (-SC2H4NH2), we produced [2Fe-2S](+) species of different coordination geometries by fission of [4Fe-4S](2+) complexes. Even though the ligands are monodenlate in the cubane complexes, both mono- and bidentate complexes were observed in the [2Fe] fission products through self-assembly because of the high reactivity of the tricoordinate iron sites. The electronic structure of the [2Fe] species was probed using photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations. It was found that tetracoordination significantly decreases the electron binding energies of the [2Fe] complexes, thus increasing the reducing capability of the [2Fe-2S](+) clusters. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-45303, GM-63555] NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1204 DI 10.1021/ic048559d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 902HU UT WOS:000227346300017 PM 15732958 ER PT J AU Rudd, DJ Goldsmith, CR Cole, AP Stack, DP Hodgson, KO Hedman, B AF Rudd, DJ Goldsmith, CR Cole, AP Stack, DP Hodgson, KO Hedman, B TI X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of the spin-transition character in a series of single-site perturbed iron(II) complexes SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FERRIC METHOXIDE COMPLEX; RATE-DETERMINING STEP; H BOND ACTIVATION; FINE-STRUCTURE; THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM; SUPEROXIDE REDUCTASE; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITES; STATES AB Select ferrous spin-transition complexes with the pentadentate ligand 2,6-bis(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethane)pyridine (PY5) were examined using variable-temperature solution solid-state magnetic susceptibility, crystallography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and UV/vis absorption spectroscopy. Altering the single exogeneous ligand, X, of (Fe(PY5)(X)(n+) is sufficient to change the spin-state of the complexes. When X is the weak-field ligand Cl-, the resultant Fe complex is high-spin from 4 to 300 K, whereas the stronger-field ligand MeCN generates a low-spin complex over this temperature range. With intermediate-strength exogenous ligands (X = N-3(-), MeOH), the complexes undergo a spin-transition. [Fe(PY5)(N-3)](+), as a crystalline solid, transitions gradually from a high-spin to a low-spin complex as the temperature is decreased, as evidenced by X-ray crystallography and solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements. The spin-transition is also evident from changes in the pre-edge and EXAFS regions of the XAS Fe K-edge spectra on a ground crystalline sample. The spin-transition observed with [Fe(PY5)(MeOH)](2+) appears abrupt by solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements, but gradual by XAS analysis, differences attributed to sample preparation. This research highlights the strengths of XAS in determining the electronic and geometric structure of such spin-transition complexes and underscores the importance of identical sample preparation in the investigation of these physical properties. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stack, DP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hedman@ssrl.stac.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50730] NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1221 EP 1229 DI 10.1021/ic048765l PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 902HU UT WOS:000227346300021 PM 15732962 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Bunge, SD Alam, TM Holland, GP Headley, TJ Avilucea, G AF Boyle, TJ Bunge, SD Alam, TM Holland, GP Headley, TJ Avilucea, G TI Cadmium amido alkoxide and alkoxide precursors for the synthesis of nanocrystalline CdE (E = S, Se, Te) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DOTS; CD-113 NMR; COMPLEX; PHENOXIDES; MORPHOLOGY; PROTEINS; SPECTRA; ROUTES; GROWTH AB The synthesis and characterization of a family of alternative precursors for the production of CdE nanoparticles (E = S, Se, and Te) is reported. The reaction of Cd(NR2)(2) where NR2 = N(SiMe3)(2) with n HOR led to the isolation of the following: n = 1 [Cd(mu-OCH2CMe3)(NR2)(PY)](2) (1, py = pyridine), Cd[(mu-OC6H3(Me)2-2,6)(2)Cd(NR2)(PY)](2) (2), [Cd(mu-OC6H3(CHMe2)(2)-2,6)(NR2)(py)](2) (3), [Cd(mu-OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6)(NR2)(PY)](2) (4), [Cd(mu-OC6H2(NH2)(3)-2,4,6)(NR2)(PY)](2) (5), and n = 2 [Cd(mu-OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6)(OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6)(PY)(2)]2 (6), and [Cd(mu-OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6)(OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6)(THF)](2) (7). For all but 2, the X-ray crystal structures were solved as discrete dinuclear units bridged by alkoxide ligands and either terminal -NR2 or -OR ligands depending on the stoichiometry of the initial reaction. For 2, a trinuclear species was isolated using four mu-OR and two terminal -NR2 ligands. The coordination of the Cd metal center varied from 3 to 5 where the higher coordination numbers were achieved by binding Lewis basic solvents for the less sterically demanding ligands. These complexes were further characterized in solution by H-1, C-13, and Cd-113 NMR along with solid-state Cd-113 NMR spectroscopy. The utility of these complexes as "alternative precursors" for the controlled preparation of nanocrystalline CdS, CdSe, and CdTe was explored. To synthesize CdE nanocrystals, select species from this family of compounds were individually heated in a coordinating solvent (trioctylphosphine oxide) and then injected with the appropriate chalcogenide stock solution. Transmission electron spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to characterize the resultant particles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. EM tjboyle@Sandia.gov NR 36 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1318 DI 10.1021/ic0485155 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 902HU UT WOS:000227346300030 PM 15732971 ER PT J AU Miguirditchian, M Guillaneux, D Guillaumont, D Moisy, P Madic, C Jensen, MP Nash, KL AF Miguirditchian, M Guillaneux, D Guillaumont, D Moisy, P Madic, C Jensen, MP Nash, KL TI Thermodynamic study of the complexation of trivalent actinide and lanthanide cations by ADPTZ, a tridentate N-donor ligand SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; NITROGEN LIGANDS; ENTROPY CHANGES; SEPARATION; APPROXIMATION; EUROPIUM(III); CHEMISTRY; EU(III); AM(III); ENERGY AB To better understand the bonding in complexes of f-elements by polydentate N-donor ligands, the complexation of americium(III) and lanthanide(III) cations by 2-amino-4,6-di-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (ADPTZ) was studied using a thermodynamic approach. The stability constants of the 1:1 complexes in a methanol/water mixture (75/25 vol %) were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry for every lanthanide(III) ion (except promethium), and yttrium(III) and americium(III) cations. The thermodynamic parameters (DeltaHdegrees, DeltaSdegrees) of complexation were determined from the temperature dependence of the stability constants and by microcalorimetry. The trends of the variations of DeltaGdegrees, DeltaHdegrees, and DeltaSdegrees across the lanthanide series are compared with published results for other tridentate ligands and confirm strongly ionic bonding in the lanthanide-ADPTZ complexes. Comparison of the thermodynamic properties between the Am- and Ln-ADPTZ complexes highlights an increase in stability of the complexes by a factor of 20 in favor of the americium cation. This difference arises from a more exothermic reaction enthalpy in the case of Am, which is correlated with a greater degree of covalency in the americium-nitrogen bonds. Quantum chemistry calculations performed on a series of trivalent actinicle and lanthanide-ADPTZ complexes support the experimental results, showing a slightly greater covalence in the actinicle-ligand bonds that originates from a charge transfer from the ligand sigma orbitals to the 5f and 6d orbitals of the actinide ion. C1 CEA Valrho, DEN, DRCP, SCPS, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. CEA Saclay, DEN, SAC, DIR, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miguirditchian, M (reprint author), CEA Valrho, DEN, DRCP, SCPS, BP 17171, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. EM manuel.miguirditchian@cea.fr RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Guillaumont, Dominique/H-2508-2015; MIGUIRDITCHIAN, Manuel/C-2439-2016; Moisy, Philippe/H-2477-2015 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Guillaumont, Dominique/0000-0002-9329-5623; MIGUIRDITCHIAN, Manuel/0000-0002-7676-757X; Moisy, Philippe/0000-0002-9331-0846 NR 42 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1404 EP 1412 DI 10.1021/ic0488785 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 902HU UT WOS:000227346300039 PM 15732980 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Bunge, SD Clem, PG Richardson, J Dawley, JT Ottley, LAM Rodriguez, MA Tuttle, BA Avilucea, GR Tissot, RG AF Boyle, TJ Bunge, SD Clem, PG Richardson, J Dawley, JT Ottley, LAM Rodriguez, MA Tuttle, BA Avilucea, GR Tissot, RG TI Synthesis and characterization of a family of structurally characterized dysprosium alkoxides for improved fatigue-resistance characteristics of PDyZT thin films SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; RARE-EARTH ALKOXIDES; NEODYMIUM ALKOXIDES; TERTIARY-ALKOXIDES; LEWIS-BASE; COMPLEXES; ARYLOXIDES; REACTIVITY; LANTHANUM; CHEMISTRY AB Using either an ammoniacal route, the reaction between DyCl3, Na-0, and HOR in liquid ammonia, or preferentially reacting Dy(N(SiMe3)(2))(3) with HOR in a solvent, we isolated a family of dysprosium alkoxides as [Dy(mu-ONeP)(2)(ONeP)](4) (1), (ONeP)(2)Dy[(mu(3)-ONep)(mu-ONep)Dy(ONep)(THF)](2)(U-ONep) (2), (ONeP)(2)Dy[(mu(3)-ONep)(mu-ONep)Dy(ONep)(py)](2)(mu-ONep) (3), (Dy-3(mu(3)-OBut)(2)(mu-OBut)(3)(OBut)(4)(HOBut)(2)] (4), [Dy-3(mu(3)-OBut)(2)(mu-OBut)(3)(OBut)(4)(THF)(2)] (5), [Dy-3(mu(3)OBu)(2)(mu-OBut)(3)(OBut)(4) (py)(2)](6), (DMP)Dy(mu-DMP)(4)[Dy(DMP)(2)(NH3)](2) (7), [Dy(eta(6)-DMP)(DMP)(2)](2) (8), Dy(DMP)(3)(THF)(3) (9), Dy(DMP)(3)(py)(3) (10), Dy(DIP)(3)(NH3)(2) (11), [Dy(eta(6)-DIP)(DIP)(2)](2) (12), Dy(DIP)(3)(THF)(2) (13), Dy(DIP)(3)(py)(3) (14), Dy(DBP)(3)(NH3) (15), Dy(DBP)(3) (16), Dy(DBP)(3)(THF) (17), Dy(DBP)(3)(py)(2) (18), [Dy(U-TPS)(TPS)(2)](2) (19), Dy(TPS)(3)(THF)(3) (20), and Dy(TPS)(3)(PY)(3) (21), where ONep = OCH2CMe3, OBut = OCMe3, DIVP OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6, DIP = OC6H3(CHMe2)(2)-2,6, DBP = OC6H3(CM3)(2)-2,6, TPS = OSi(C6H5)(3), tol = toluene, THF = tetrahydrofuran, and py = pyridine. We were not able to obtain X-ray quality crystals of compounds 2, 8, and 9. The structures observed and data collected for the Dy compounds are consistent with those reported for its other congeners. A number of these precursors were used as Dy dopants in Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O-3 (PZT 30/70) thin films, with compound 12 yielding the highest-quality films. The resulting Pb0.94Dy0.04(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O-3 [PDyZT (4/30/70)] had similar properties to PZT (30/70), but showed substantial resistance to polarization reversal fatigue. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87105 USA. EM tjboyle@Sandia.gov RI Richardson, Jacob/B-7535-2009 OI Richardson, Jacob/0000-0003-2733-9736 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1588 EP 1600 DI 10.1021/ic048550b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 902HU UT WOS:000227346300061 PM 15733002 ER PT J AU Rothman, SD Davis, JP Maw, J Robinson, CM Parker, K Palmer, J AF Rothman, SD Davis, JP Maw, J Robinson, CM Parker, K Palmer, J TI Measurement of the principal isentropes of lead and lead-antimony alloy to similar to 400 kbar by quasi-isentropic compression SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID Z-ACCELERATOR AB The magnetic-pressure drive technique allows single-shot measurements of compression isentropes. We have used this method to measure the isentropes in the pressure-volume space of bulk and single-crystal lead, and lead-antimony alloy to similar to 400 kbar. The isentrope pressure-volume curves were found from integration of the experimentally deduced Lagrangian sound speed as a function of particle velocity. A characteristics calculation method was used to convert time-resolved free-surface velocity measurements to corresponding in situ particle-velocity histories, from which the Lagrangian sound speed was determined from the times for samples of different thicknesses to reach the same particle velocity. Use of multiple velocity interferometry probes decreased the uncertainty due to random errors by allowing multiple measurements. Our results have errors of from 4% to 6% in pressure, similar to 1% to 1.5% in volume, depending on the number of measurements, and are consistent with existing isotherm and Hugoniot data and models for lead. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rothman, SD (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/5/011 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 917KL UT WOS:000228460000012 ER PT J AU Yurevich, S Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Antonczyk, D Andronic, A Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Bielcikova, J Braun-Munzinger, P Busch, O Campagnolo, R Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Esumi, SI Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kushpil, V Krobath, G Ludolphs, W Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Miskowiec, D Musa, L Ortega, R Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Radomski, S Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Sako, H Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Seipp, W Shimansky, S Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Tsiledakis, G Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Yurevich, S Yurevich, V AF Yurevich, S Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Antonczyk, D Andronic, A Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Bielcikova, J Braun-Munzinger, P Busch, O Campagnolo, R Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Esumi, SI Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kushpil, V Krobath, G Ludolphs, W Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Miskowiec, D Musa, L Ortega, R Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Radomski, S Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Sako, H Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Seipp, W Shimansky, S Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Tsiledakis, G Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Yurevich, S Yurevich, V CA CERES Collaboration TI Latest results on e(+)e(-) pair production in CERES SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European-Physical-Society CY AUG 23-29, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; PB-AU COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; SPS; DEPENDENCE; GEV/C AB Recent results of the CERES experiment at the CERN SPS on low-mass electron pair analysis and phi --> K+ K- are discussed and compared to models. C1 ASCR, NPI, Rez, Czech Republic. GSI Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. Heidelberg Univ, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Weizmann Inst Sci, Rehovot, Israel. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Munster, D-4400 Munster, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Yurevich, S (reprint author), ASCR, NPI, Rez, Czech Republic. EM iourevi@physi.uni-heidelberg.de; adamova@ujf.cas.cz; p.braun-munzinger@gsi.de; petracek@mail.cern.ch; janrak@bnl.gov; sumbera@ujf.cas.cz; iourevi@physi.uni-heidelberg.de RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Maas, Axel/0000-0002-4621-2151 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 749 BP 160C EP 165C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.025 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 900HV UT WOS:000227206900024 ER PT J AU Tannenbaum, MJ AF Tannenbaum, MJ TI From Bjorken scaling to pQCD - Experimental techniques from p-p collisions of the 1970's with application to Au plus Au collisions at RHIC. SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European-Physical-Society CY AUG 23-29, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; CERN-ISR; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; INCLUSIVE PROCESSES; GLUON-EXCHANGE; FINAL-STATES; O PRODUCTION; ENERGY; SCATTERING AB Hard scattering in p-p collisions was discovered at the CERN ISR in 1972, by the method of leading particles, which proved that the partons of Deeply Inelastic Scattering strongly interacted with each other. Further ISR measurements utilizing inclusive single or pairs of hadrons established that high p(T), particles are produced from states with two roughly back-to-back jets which are the result of scattering of constituents of the nucleons as described by Quantum Chromodynamics. These techniques, which are the only practical method to study hard-scattering and jet phenomena in Au+Au collisions at RHIC, will be reviewed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510c, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tannenbaum, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510c, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 749 BP 219C EP 228C PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 900HV UT WOS:000227206900036 ER PT J AU Borer, K Chen, W Li, Z Cicalo, C De Falco, A Floris, M Masoni, A Puddu, G Serci, S Usai, G Buytaert, J Keil, M Lourenco, C Radermacher, E Rosinsky, P Tveiten, E Castor, J Devaux, A Force, P Guettet, N Manso, F Banicz, K Damjanovic, S Specht, HJ David, A Lozano, J Neves, A Parracho, P Ramalhete, R Seixas, J Shahoyan, R Sonderegger, P Veenhof, R Wohri, H Cheynis, B Ducroux, L Grossiord, JY Guichard, A Pillot, P Tieulent, R Chaurand, B Kluberg, L En'yo, H Heuser, J Ohnishi, H Arnaldi, R Colla, A Cortese, P de Marco, N Ferretti, A Oppedisano, C Scomparin, E Grigorian, A Gulkanian, H Vardanyan, H AF Borer, K Chen, W Li, Z Cicalo, C De Falco, A Floris, M Masoni, A Puddu, G Serci, S Usai, G Buytaert, J Keil, M Lourenco, C Radermacher, E Rosinsky, P Tveiten, E Castor, J Devaux, A Force, P Guettet, N Manso, F Banicz, K Damjanovic, S Specht, HJ David, A Lozano, J Neves, A Parracho, P Ramalhete, R Seixas, J Shahoyan, R Sonderegger, P Veenhof, R Wohri, H Cheynis, B Ducroux, L Grossiord, JY Guichard, A Pillot, P Tieulent, R Chaurand, B Kluberg, L En'yo, H Heuser, J Ohnishi, H Arnaldi, R Colla, A Cortese, P de Marco, N Ferretti, A Oppedisano, C Scomparin, E Grigorian, A Gulkanian, H Vardanyan, H TI First results of the NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European-Physical-Society CY AUG 23-29, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID COLLISIONS AB The NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS studies dimuon production in proton and heavy ion collisions. Its silicon pixel vertex telescope allows tracking of muon pairs in the vertex region, complementing the information from the muon spectrometer, and improving the mass resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. First results from the In-In data taking are shown for the light resonances and the J/psi meson production. C1 High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA. Univ Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, Clermont Ferrand, France. IN2P3, CNRS, Clermont Ferrand, France. Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lyon 1, IPN Lyon, F-69365 Lyon, France. IN2P3, CNRS, Lyon, France. Ecole Polytech, LLR, Palaiseau, France. IN2P3, CNRS, Palaiseau, France. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, New York, NY USA. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin, Italy. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Borer, K (reprint author), High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. RI Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Lozano-Bahilo, Julio/F-4881-2016; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Seixas, Joao/F-5441-2013; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013 OI Scomparin, Enrico/0000-0001-9015-9610; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Lozano-Bahilo, Julio/0000-0003-0613-140X; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 749 BP 251C EP 256C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.047 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 900HV UT WOS:000227206900039 ER PT J AU Rohrich, D Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Germinario, M Hagel, K Ito, H Jipa, A Jundt, F Jordre, JI Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lindal, S Lystad, R Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Neumann, B Nielsen, BS Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, S Sheetz, RA Staszel, P Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yang, H Yin, Z Zgura, IS AF Rohrich, D Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Germinario, M Hagel, K Ito, H Jipa, A Jundt, F Jordre, JI Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lindal, S Lystad, R Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Neumann, B Nielsen, BS Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, S Sheetz, RA Staszel, P Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yang, H Yin, Z Zgura, IS CA BRAHMS collaboration TI Properties of matter at forward rapidities at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Nuclear Physics Divisional Conference of the European-Physical-Society CY AUG 23-29, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC AB The BRAHMS experiment at RHIC has measured pions, kaons and protons and their antiparticles over a wide range of rapidity and transverse momenta. Au+Au collisions, d+Au and p+p interactions have been studied. From the net-proton rapidity distribution a stopping power of 73% can be deduced for central Au+Au collisions. The rapidity distributions of produced particles exhibit Gaussian shapes. At midrapidity the nuclear modification factor for central Au+Au collisions shows a strong pion suppression at intermediate transverse momenta; a suppression which is even stronger at forward rapidities. The nuclear modification factor for d+Au changes from a Cronin-like enhancement of charged hadrons at midrapidity to a suppression at forward rapidities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Univ Strasbourg 1, IReS, Strasbourg, France. Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Rohrich, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dieter.rohrich@ift.uib.no RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Samset, Bjorn H./B-9248-2012; OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Samset, Bjorn H./0000-0001-8013-1833; Christiansen, Peter/0000-0001-7066-3473; Gaardhoje, Jens-Jorgen/0000-0001-6122-4698 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 749 BP 295C EP 298C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.055 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 900HV UT WOS:000227206900047 ER PT J AU Lehmann, J Siantar, CH Wessol, DE Wemple, CA Nigg, D Cogliati, J Daly, T Descalle, MA Flickinger, T Pletcher, D DeNardo, G AF Lehmann, J Siantar, CH Wessol, DE Wemple, CA Nigg, D Cogliati, J Daly, T Descalle, MA Flickinger, T Pletcher, D DeNardo, G TI Monte Carlo treatment planning for molecular targeted radiotherapy within the MINERVA system SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Current Topics in Monte Carlo Treatment Planning CY MAY 03-05, 2004 CL McGill Univ, Montreal Gen Hosp, Montreal, CANADA SP Natl Canc Inst Canada, Canadian Inst Hlth Res, Inst Canc Res, Res Grants Off, McGill Univ, Post Grad Student Soc, Inst Phys Publishing HO McGill Univ, Montreal Gen Hosp ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; IODINE-I-131 TOSITUMOMAB; COMPUTATIONAL DOSIMETRY; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER AB The aim of this project is to extend accurate and patient-specific treatment planning to new treatment modalities, such as molecular targeted radiation therapy, incorporating previously crafted and proven Monte Carlo and deterministic computation methods. A flexible software environment is being created that allows planning radiation treatment for these new modalities and combining different forms of radiation treatment with consideration of biological effects. The system uses common input interfaces, medical image sets for definition of patient geometry and dose reporting protocols. Previously, the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Montana State University (MSU) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) had accrued experience in the development and application of Monte Carlo based, three-dimensional, computational dosimetry and treatment planning tools for radiotherapy in several specialized areas. In particular, INEEL and MSU have developed computational dosimetry systems for neutron radiotherapy and neutron capture therapy, while LLNL has developed the PEREGRINE computational system for external beam photon-electron therapy. Building on that experience, the INEEL and MSU are developing the MINERVA (modality inclusive environment for radiotherapeutic variable analysis) software system as a general framework for computational dosimetry and treatment planning for a variety of emerging forms of radiotherapy. In collaboration with this development, LLNL has extended its PEREGRINE code to accommodate internal sources for molecular targeted radiotherapy (MTR), and has interfaced it with the plugin architecture of MINERVA. Results from the extended PEREGRINE code have been compared to published data from other codes, and found to be in general agreement (EGS4-2%, MCNP-10%) (Descalle et at 2003 Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 18 71-9). The code is currently being benchmarked against experimental data. The interpatient variability of the drug pharmacokinetics in MTR can only be properly accounted for by image-based, patient-specific treatment planning, as has been common in external beam radiation therapy for many years. MINERVA offers 3D Monte Carlo-based MTR treatment planning as its first integrated operational capability. The new MINERVA system will ultimately incorporate capabilities for a comprehensive list of radiation therapies. In progress are modules for external beam photon-electron therapy and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Brachytherapy and proton therapy are planned. Through the open application programming interface (API), other groups can add their own modules and share them with the community. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Lehmann, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 50 IS 5 SI SI BP 947 EP 958 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/50/5/017 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 909UT UT WOS:000227886900018 PM 15798267 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT Skoug, RM McComas, DJ Smith, CW AF Gosling, JT Skoug, RM McComas, DJ Smith, CW TI Magnetic disconnection from the Sun: Observations of a reconnection exhaust in the solar wind at the heliospheric current sheet SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-FLUX DROPOUTS; FIELD RECONNECTION AB [1] We have identified an anti-sunward- directed, Petschek-type, reconnection exhaust during a crossing of the heliospheric current sheet, HCS, by the ACE spacecraft. The exhaust in this relatively rare HCS event was a region of accelerated plasma flow filling the field reversal region and was bounded by Alfven waves propagating in opposite directions along recently merged field lines. Heliospheric magnetic field lines disconnected from the Sun by the reconnection process were identified in and surrounding the exhaust by the disappearance of the solar wind electron strahl there and by the interpenetration along the field of sunward-streaming halo electrons from opposite sides of the exhaust. These observations demonstrate that strahl dropouts observed in the vicinity of the HCS at least at times are signatures of magnetic disconnection from the Sun. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gosling, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS1, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgosling@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 AR L05105 DI 10.1029/2005GL022406 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905DZ UT WOS:000227549300008 ER PT J AU Pao, HY AF Pao, HY TI Probability-density function for waves propagating in a straight PEC rough-wall tunnel SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE wave propagation; rough wall tunnel; probability density function AB The probability-density function for waves propagating in a straight perfect electrical conductor (PEC) rough-wall tunnel is deduced from mathematical models of random electromagnetic fields. The field propagating in caves or tunnels is a complex-valued Gaussian random process, analyzed using the central-limit theorem. The probability density function for single-modal-field amplitude in such a structure is Ricean. Since both the expected value and the standard deviation of this field depend only upon the radial position, the probability-density,function, which indicates the power distribution, is a radially dependent function. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pao, HY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1002/mop.20656 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 896PL UT WOS:000226945900011 ER PT J AU Carkeet, C Anderson, P Buchholz, BA Green, R Miller, JW Dueker, SR AF Carkeet, C Anderson, P Buchholz, BA Green, R Miller, JW Dueker, SR TI Microscale microbial synthesis of 14C-or 13C-Cyanocobalamin for use in human and animal studies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20704 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Vitalea Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A53 EP A53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700246 ER PT J AU Faeder, JR Torigoe, C Goldstein, B AF Faeder, JR Torigoe, C Goldstein, B TI A functional assay for signaling complex formation based on kinetic proofreading SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Baker Lab, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Baker Lab, Dept Biol Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A954 EP A954 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610706584 ER PT J AU Froehlich, JE Keegstra, K AF Froehlich, JE Keegstra, K TI A novel cross-linking strategy aimed at investigating precursor interactions with the Tic complex and with stromal molecular chaperones SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A273 EP A273 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610701638 ER PT J AU Garrod, MG Calvert, CC Maas, J Heller, MC Carkeet, C Dueker, SR Buchholz, BA Green, R Miller, JW AF Garrod, MG Calvert, CC Maas, J Heller, MC Carkeet, C Dueker, SR Buchholz, BA Green, R Miller, JW TI In vivo enrichment of beef muscle and liver with 14C-vitamin B12 for use in human bioavailability studies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Calif Davis, UCDMC, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A52 EP A52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700244 ER PT J AU Geisbrecht, BV Hamaoka, BY Perman, B Zemla, A Leahy, DJ AF Geisbrecht, BV Hamaoka, BY Perman, B Zemla, A Leahy, DJ TI The crystal structures of EAP domains from Staphylococcus aureus reveal an unexpected homology to bacterial superantigens SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Univ Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A313 EP A314 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610702167 ER PT J AU Mayer, MU Shi, L Verma, S Squier, TC AF Mayer, MU Shi, L Verma, S Squier, TC TI Development of arsenic-derivatized dyes as affinity reagents for the rapid isolation and characterization of protein complexes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A874 EP A874 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610706206 ER PT J AU Smith, RD Shvartsburg, AA Tang, KQ Lee, HN Li, FM AF Smith, RD Shvartsburg, AA Tang, KQ Lee, HN Li, FM TI Ion mobility combined with Mass spectrometry for Proteomics Applications SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A767 EP A767 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610705370 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Lin, C Huang, XW Kolbanovskiy, A Hingerty, BE Amin, S Broyde, S Geacintov, NE Patel, DJ AF Zhang, N Lin, C Huang, XW Kolbanovskiy, A Hingerty, BE Amin, S Broyde, S Geacintov, NE Patel, DJ TI Methylation of cytosine at C5 in a CpG sequence context causes a conformational switch of a benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-N-2-guanine adduct in DNA from a minor groove alignment to intercalation with base displacement SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conformational switch; cytosine methylation; p53 mutation hot spot; DNA adduct; benzo[a]pyrene; B[a]PDE ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; P53 MUTATION SPECTRUM; DIASTEREOMERIC BENZOPYRENE 7,8-DIOL-9,10-EPOXIDES; EPOXIDE-GUANINE ADDUCTS; MODIFIED DEOXYGUANOSINE; OPTICAL ENANTIOMERS; LUNG-CANCER; HOT-SPOTS; COMPLEX-FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB It is well known that CpG dinucleotide steps in DNA, which are highly methylated at the 5-position of cytosine (meC) in human tissues, exhibit a disproportionate number of mutations within certain codons of the p53 gene. There is ample published evidence indicating that the reactivity of guanine with anti-B[a]PDE (a metabolite of the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene) at CpG mutation hot spots is enhanced by the methylation of the cytosine residue flanking the target guanine residue on the 5'-side In this work we demonstrate that such a methylation can also dramatically affect the conformational characteristics of an adduct derived from the reaction of one of the two enantiomers of anti-B[a]PDE with the exocyclic amino group of guanine ([BP]G adduct). A detailed NMR study indicates that the 10R (-)-trans-anti-[BP]G adduct undergoes a transition from a minor groove-binding alignment of the aromatic BP ring system in the unmethylated C-[BP]G sequence context, to an intercalative BP alignment with a concomitant displacement of the modified guanine residue into the minor groove in the methylated meC-[BP]G sequence context. By contrast, a minor groove-binding alignment was observed for the stereoisomeric 10S (+)-trans-anti-[BP]G adduct in both the C-[BP]G and meC-[BP]G sequence contexts. This remarkable conformational switch resulting from the presence of a single methyl group at the 5-position of the cytosine residue flanking the lesion on the 5'-side, is attributed to the hydrophobic effect of the methyl group that can stabilize intercalated adduct conformations in an adduct stereochemistry-dependent manner. Such conformational differences in methylated and unmethylated CpG sequences may be significant because of potential alterations in the cellular processing of the [BP]G adducts by DNA transcription, replication, and repair enzymes. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Cellular Biochem & Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Penn State Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Patel, DJ (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Cellular Biochem & Biophys, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM pateld@mskcc.org RI kolbanovskiy, aleksandr/I-7278-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-46533, CA-099194, CA-28038, P30 CA008748, R01 CA028038, R01 CA046533, R01 CA099194]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P41 GM066354, P41GM66354] NR 68 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 4 BP 951 EP 965 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.027 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 900AM UT WOS:000227187800002 PM 15701509 ER PT J AU Wu, YK Li, JZ Jin, ZM Fu, ZQ Sha, BD AF Wu, YK Li, JZ Jin, ZM Fu, ZQ Sha, BD TI The crystal structure of the C-terminal fragment of yeast Hsp40 Ydj1 reveals novel dimerization motif for Hsp40 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE molecular chaperone; Hsp40; Ydj1; dimer; crystal structure ID MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; DNAJ PROTEIN; HSP70; DIFFRACTION; REGION; MODELS; SIS1 AB The molecular chaperone Hsp40 functions as a dimer. The dimer formation is critical for Hsp40 molecular chaperone activity to facilitate Hsp70 to refold non-native polypeptides. We have determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal fragment of yeast Hsp40 Ydj1 that is responsible for Ydj1 dimerization by MAD method. The C-terminal fragment of Ydj1 comprises of the domain III of Ydj1 and the Ydj1 C-terminal dimerization motif. The crystal structure indicates that the dimerization motif of type 1 Hsp40 Ydj1 differs significantly from that of yeast type 11 Hsp40. The C terminus of type I Hsp40 Ydj1 from one monomer forms beta-strands with the domain III from the other monomer in the homo-dimer. The L372 from Ydj1 C terminus inserts its side-chain into a hydrophobic pocket on domain III. The modeled full-length Ydj1 dimer structure reveals that a large cleft is formed between the two monomers. The domain IIs of Ydj1 monomers that contain the zinc-finger motifs points directly against each other. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Cell Biol, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, SER CAT, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sha, BD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Cell Biol, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, Room 364,1918 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM bdsha@uab.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK56203]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM65959] NR 20 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.040 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 900AM UT WOS:000227187800005 PM 15701512 ER PT J AU Li, S Peterson, NA Kim, MY Kim, CY Hung, LW Yu, MM Lekin, T Segelke, BW Lott, JS Baker, EN AF Li, S Peterson, NA Kim, MY Kim, CY Hung, LW Yu, MM Lekin, T Segelke, BW Lott, JS Baker, EN TI Crystal structure of AhpE from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a 1-Cys peroxiredoxin SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peroxiredoxin; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; antioxidant; crystal structure; redox mechanism ID CYSTEINE SULFENIC ACID; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; PROTEIN; PEROXYNITRITE; REDUCTASE; SEQUENCE; REVEALS; ENZYME; FORM; MAD AB All living systems require protection against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of TB, encodes a number of peroxidases that are thought to be active against organic and inorganic peroxides, and are likely to play a key role in the ability of this organism to survive within the phagosomes of macrophages. The open reading frame Rv2238c in M. tuberculosis encodes a 153-residue protein AhpE, which is a peroxidase of the 1-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) family. The crystal structure of AhpE, determined at 1.87 Angstrom resolution (R-cryst=0.179, R-free=0.210), reveals a compact single-domain protein with a thioredoxin fold. AhpE forms both dimers and octamers; a tightly-associated dimer and a ring-like octamer, generated by crystallographic 4-fold symmetry. In this native structure, the active site Cys45 is in its oxidized, sulfenic acid (S-O-H) state. A second crystal form of AhpE, obtained after soaking in sodium bromide and refined at 1.90 Angstrom resolution (R-cryst=0.242, R-free=0.286), reveals the reduced structure. In this structure, a conformational change in an external loop, in two of the four molecules in the asymmetric unit, allows Arg116 to stabilise the Cys45 thiolate ion, and concomitantly closes a surface channel. This channel is identified as the likely binding site for a physiological reductant, and the conformational change is inferred to be important for the reaction cycle of AhpE. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Auckland, Ctr Mol Biodiscovery, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lott, JS (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Ctr Mol Biodiscovery, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM s.lott@auckland.ac.nz; ted.baker@auckland.ac.nz OI Lott, Shaun/0000-0003-3660-452X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50-GM062410] NR 37 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 4 BP 1035 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.12.046 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 900AM UT WOS:000227187800008 PM 15701515 ER PT J AU Rybin, AV Vadeiko, IP Bishop, AR AF Rybin, AV Vadeiko, IP Bishop, AR TI Stopping a slow-light soliton: an exact solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC MEDIUM; PULSES; STORAGE; SYSTEM AB We investigate propagation of a slow-light soliton in A-type media such as atomic vapours and Bose-Einstein condensates. We show that the group velocity of the soliton monotonically decreases with the intensity of the controlling laser field, which decays exponentially after the laser is switched off. The shock wave of the vanishing controlling field overtakes the slow soliton and stops it, while the optical information is recorded in the medium in the form of spatially localized polarization. In the strongly nonlinear regime we find an explicit exact solution describing the whole process. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rybin, AV (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. EM andrei.rybin@phys.jyu.fi; iv3@st-andrews.ac.uk; arb@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 9 BP L177 EP L182 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/38/9/L04 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 911UK UT WOS:000228030800004 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y Granier de Cassagnac, R Grau, N Greene, SV Grosse Perdekamp, M Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y Granier de Cassagnac, R Grau, N Greene, SV Grosse Perdekamp, M Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Centrality dependence of charm production from a measurement of single electrons in Au plus Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK ENERGY-LOSS; PHENIX; SPS AB The PHENIX experiment has measured midrapidity transverse momentum spectra (0.4 1 ps. In both of these regimes, the spectral profile changes considerably with the delay time of the probe pulse. The "continuous blue shift" and the "temperature jump" models, in which the spectral profile does not change as it progressively shifts, as a whole, to the blue, are not supported by our data. Furthermore, no p-state electron, postulated by several authors to be a short-lived intermediate of the photoionization process, was observed by the end of the 300 fs, 200 nm pump pulse. For t < 1 ps, two new TA features (the 1.15 mum peak and 1.4 mum shoulder) were observed for the electron in the spectral region where O-H overtones appear in the spectra of light water. These two features were not observed for the electron in DO. The 1.4 mum peak observed in DO may be the isotope-shift analogue of the 1.15 mum feature in H2O. Vibronic coupling to the modes of water molecules lining the solvation cavity is a possible origin of these features. On the sub-picosecond time scale, the absorption band of solvated electron progressively shifts to the blue. At later delay times (t > 1 ps), the position of the band maximum is "locked", but the spectral profile continues to change by narrowing on the red side and broadening on the blue side; the oscillator strength is constant within 10%. The time constant of this narrowing is ca. 0.56 ps for H2O and 0.64 ps for D2O. Vibrational relaxation and time-dependent decrease in the size and sphericity of the solvation cavity are suggested as possible causes for the observed spectral transformations in both of these regimes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rob_crowell@anl.gov NR 145 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1520 DI 10.1021/jp045657b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 900XP UT WOS:000227247900004 PM 16833472 ER PT J AU Walters, EA Clay, JT Grover, JR AF Walters, EA Clay, JT Grover, JR TI Appearance potential of CF3+ in the dissociative photoionization of CF3Br SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION EFFICIENCY CURVES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; COINCIDENCE SPECTROSCOPY; INTRACLUSTER REACTIONS; FREE-RADICALS; ENERGY; THERMOCHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; BENZENE; THRESHOLD AB Measurements of the appearance potential for the production of CF3+ in the photoionization of CF3Br are in sharp disagreement, contributing to controversy in the heat of formation of CF3+. We reexamine our previous work and add additional experiments, obtaining AP(CF3+/CF3Br) = 11.64 +/- 0.04 eV as the average of four measurements made under widely different conditions. This is higher by 0.08 eV than the value we reported previously. Our new value for Delta(f)H(0)degrees(CF3+) is now 88.0 +/- 0.9 kcal mol(-1). We compare our method with other techniques. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grover, JR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1021/jp040610b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 900XP UT WOS:000227247900007 PM 16833475 ER PT J AU Anantharaman, B Melius, CF AF Anantharaman, B Melius, CF TI Bond additivity corrections for G3B3 and G3MP2B3 quantum chemistry methods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; THERMOCHEMICAL KINETICS; 2ND-ROW COMPOUNDS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; 1ST-ROW ATOMS; RECOMBINATION; GEOMETRIES AB We have developed bond additivity correction (BAC) procedures for the G3-based quantum chemistry methods, G3B3 and G3MP2B3. We denote these procedures as BAC-G3B3 and BAC-G3MP2B3. We apply the procedures to compounds containing atoms from the first three rows of the periodic table including H, B, C, N, O, F, Al, Si, P, S, and Cl atoms. The BAC procedure applies atomic, molecular, and pairwise bond corrections to theoretical heats of formation of molecules. The BAC-G3B3 and BAC-G3MP2B3 procedures require parameters for each atom type but not for each bond type. These parameters have been obtained by minimizing the error between the BAC-G3B3 and BAC-G3MP2B3 predictions and the experimental heats of formation for a 155 molecule reference set, containing open and closed shell molecules representing various functional groups, multireference configurations, isomers, and degrees of saturation. As compared to former BAC-MP4, BAC-G2, and BAC-hybrid methods, BAC-G3B3 provides better agreement with experiment for a wider range of chemical moieties, including highly oxidized species involving SO(x)s, NO(x)s, PO(x)s, and halogens. The BAC-G3B3 and BAC-G3MP2B3 procedures are applied to an extended test suite involving 273 compounds. We assess the overall quality of BAC-G3B3 with experiments and other theoretical approaches. For the reference set, the average error for the BAC-G3B3 results is 0.44 kcal/mol as compared to 0.82 kcal/mol for the raw G3B3. For the extended test set, the average error for the BAC-G3B3 results is 0.91 kcal/mol as compared to 1.38 kcal/mol for the raw G3B3. As compared to the other BAC procedures, the improved predictive capability of BAC-G3B3 and BAC-G3MP2B3 procedures is, to a large extent, due to the improved quality of G3-based methods resulting in much smaller BAC correction terms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Melius, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM melius1@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 8 BP 1734 EP 1747 DI 10.1021/jp0458831 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 900XP UT WOS:000227247900031 PM 16833499 ER PT J AU Bouhelier, A Bachelot, R Im, JS Wiederrecht, GP Lerondel, G Kostcheev, S Royer, P AF Bouhelier, A Bachelot, R Im, JS Wiederrecht, GP Lerondel, G Kostcheev, S Royer, P TI Electromagnetic interactions in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; RESONANCE; PARTICLES; LIMIT AB Single two-dimensional planar silver arrays and one-dimensional linear gold chains of nanoparticles were investigated by dark-field surface plasmon spectroscopy and studied as a function of interparticle distance, particle size, and number of particles. In agreement with recent theoretical predictions, a red shift of the surface plasmon resonance occurring in two-dimensional arrays was found for lattice spacings below 200 nm. This red shift is associated with a significant broadening of the resonance and is attributed to the onset of near-field interactions. We found that the relative contributions of the long-range and short-range interactions in two-dimensional arrays of particles are fundamentally different to those occurring in individual linear chains. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Technol Troyes, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt, CNRS, FRE 2671, F-10010 Troyes, France. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM boullelier@anl.gov; wiederrecht@anl.gov RI Bouhelier, Alexandre/A-1960-2010; Lerondel, Gilles/D-1559-2011; Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015 NR 26 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 8 BP 3195 EP 3198 DI 10.1021/jp043224b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 900XH UT WOS:000227247100016 PM 16851340 ER PT J AU Ozensoy, E Szanyi, J Peden, CHF AF Ozensoy, E Szanyi, J Peden, CHF TI Interaction of water with ordered theta-Al2O3 ultrathin films grown on NiAl(100) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL ALPHA-AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; AL2O3; ADSORPTION; NIAL(001); H2O; DESORPTION; OXIDATION AB The structure of an ordered, ultrathin theta-Al2O3 film grown on a NiAl(100) single-crystal surface was studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and its interaction with water was investigated with temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and XPS. Our results indicate that H2O adsorption on the theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) surface is predominantly molecular rather than dissociative. For thetaH(2)O < 1 ML (ML = monolayer), H2O molecules were found to populate Al3+ cation sites to form isolated H2O species aligned in a row along the cation sites on the oxide surface with a repulsive interaction between them. For thetaH(2)O > 1 ML, three-dimensional ice multilayers were observed to form, which then desorb during TPD with approximate zero-order kinetics as expected. A small extent of H2O dissociation was observed to occur on the theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) surface, which was attributed to the presence of a low concentration of oxygen atom vacancies. Titration of these defect sites with adsorbed H2O molecules revealed an estimated defect density of 0.05 ML for the theta-Al2O3/NiAl(100) system consistent with the ordered nature of the synthesized oxide film. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szanyi, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM janos.szanyi@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 8 BP 3431 EP 3436 DI 10.1021/jp0449206 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 900XH UT WOS:000227247100051 PM 16851375 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Boker, A He, JB Sill, K Xiang, HQ Abetz, C Li, XF Wang, J Emrick, T Long, S Wang, Q Balazs, A Russell, TP AF Lin, Y Boker, A He, JB Sill, K Xiang, HQ Abetz, C Li, XF Wang, J Emrick, T Long, S Wang, Q Balazs, A Russell, TP TI Self-directed self-assembly of nanoparticle/copolymer mixtures SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; TEMPLATES; FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; SUPERLATTICES; NANOCRYSTALS; ORGANIZATION; SOLVENT; ARRAYS AB The organization of inorganic nanostructures within self-assembled organic or biological templates(1-11) is receiving the attention of scientists interested in developing functional hybrid materials. Previous efforts have concentrated on using such scaffolds(7,9,12) to spatially arrange nanoscopic elements as a strategy for tailoring the electrical, magnetic or photonic properties(8) (- 11,13 - 16) of the material. Recent theoretical arguments(16 - 18) have suggested that synergistic interactions between self-organizing particles and a self-assembling matrix material can lead to hierarchically ordered structures. Here we show that mixtures of diblock copolymers and either cadmium selenide- or ferritin-based nanoparticles exhibit cooperative, coupled self-assembly on the nanoscale. In thin films, the copolymers assemble into cylindrical domains, which dictate the spatial distribution of the nanoparticles; segregation of the particles to the interfaces mediates interfacial interactions and orients the copolymer domains normal to the surface, even when one of the blocks is strongly attracted to the substrate. Organization of both the polymeric and particulate entities is thus achieved without the use of external fields(10,19), opening a simple and general route for fabrication of nanostructured materials with hierarchical order. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuther Inst Makromol Forsch, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Russell, TP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM russell@mail.pse.umass.edu RI Boker, Alexander/C-2055-2009; He, Jinbo/B-1445-2010; Lin, Yao/E-5527-2011; OI Boker, Alexander/0000-0002-5760-6631; Lin, Yao/0000-0001-5227-2663; Sill, Kevin/0000-0001-9797-7392 NR 30 TC 689 Z9 699 U1 59 U2 624 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7029 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1038/nature03310 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 902ED UT WOS:000227334600040 PM 15744296 ER PT J AU Laget, JM AF Laget, JM TI The electro-disintegration of few body systems revisited SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTION; PI-NN SYSTEM; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; ELECTRODISINTEGRATION; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; MECHANISMS; ENERGIES AB Recent studies of the electro-disintegration of the few body systems at JLab have revived the field. Not only recoil momentum distributions have been determined in a single shot. But also they confirm that the diagrammatic approach, which I developed 25 years ago, is relevant to analyze them, provided that the nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude, determined in the same energy range, is used. They provide us with a solid starting point to address the issue of the propagation of exotic components of hadrons in nuclear matter. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Laget, JM (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM laget@jlab.org NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 609 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.01.046 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 901UZ UT WOS:000227308900006 ER PT J AU Buchko, GW McAteer, K Wallace, SS Kennedy, MA AF Buchko, GW McAteer, K Wallace, SS Kennedy, MA TI Solution-state NMR investigation of DNA binding interactions in Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg): a dynamic description of the DNA/protein interface SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE base excision repair; MutM; protein dynamics; chemical shift mapping; 8-oxoguanine ID THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS HB8; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; IMPROVED SENSITIVITY; LESION RECOGNITION; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENDONUCLEASE-III; ZINC-FINGER AB Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg) is a base excision repair (BER) protein that removes oxidative DNA lesions. Recent crystal structures of Fpg bound to DNA revealed residues involved in damage recognition and enzyme catalysis, but failed to shed light on the dynamic nature of the processes. To examine the structural and dynamic changes that occur in solution when Fpg binds DNA, NMR spectroscopy was used to study Escherichia coli Fpg free in solution and bound to a double-stranded DNA oligomer containing 1,3-propanediol (13-PD), a non-hydrolyzable abasic-site analogue. Only 209 out of a possible 251 (83%) free-precession N-15/H-1 HSQC cross peaks were observed and 180 of these were assignable, indicating that similar to30% of the residues undergo intermediate motion on the NMR timescale, broadening the resonances beyond detection or making them intractable in backbone assignment experiments. The majority of these affected residues were in the polypeptide linker region and the interface between the N- and C-terminal domains. DNA titration experiments revealed line broadening and chemical shift perturbations for backbone amides nearby and distant from the DNA binding surface, but failed to quench the intermediate timescale motion observed for free Fpg, including those residues directly involved in DNA binding, notwithstanding a nanomolar dissociation constant for 13-PD binding. Indeed, after binding to 13-PD, at least similar to40% of the Fpg residues undergo intermediate timescale motion even though all other residues exhibit tight DNA binding characteristic of slow exchange. CPMG-HSQC experiments revealed millisecond to microsecond motion for the backbone amides of D91 and H92 that were quenched upon binding 13-PD. In free Fpg, heteronuclear H-1-N-15 NOE experiments detected picosecond timescale backbone motion in the alphaF-beta9 loop, the region primarily responsible for chemically discriminating 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) over normal guanine, that was quenched after binding 13-PD. Collectively, these observations reveal that, in solution, Fpg is a very dynamic molecule even after binding damaged DNA. Such motion, especially at the DNA binding surface, may be key to its processive search for DNA damage and its catalytic functions once it recognizes damaged DNA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Nal Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington Univ Tricities, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Vermont, Markey Ctr Mol Genet, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Kennedy, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Nal Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma_kennedy@pnl.gov RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015; OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061; Wallace, Susan S./0000-0002-3906-0321 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 327 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.09.012 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 893XW UT WOS:000226755400003 PM 15661656 ER PT J AU Jung, J Gidaspow, D Gamwo, IK AF Jung, J Gidaspow, D Gamwo, IK TI Measurement of two kinds of granular temperatures, stresses, and dispersion in bubbling beds SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAS-FLUIDIZED BEDS; FCC PARTICLES; SOLIDS; FLOW; CFB; RISERS; COLUMN; STATE AB A CCD camera technique was developed to measure instantaneous particle velocities in a thin bubbling bed for fluidization of 530 mum glass beads. The hydrodynamic velocities were computed by averaging the instantaneous velocities over the velocity space using the concepts of kinetic theory. Laminar-type kinetic stresses and granular temperatures were computed from the measurement of instantaneous velocities. Bubblelike granular temperatures were computed from the hydrodynamic velocities. The measured Reynolds normal stresses per unit bulk density in the vertical direction were 8 times larger than the measured Reynolds normal stresses per unit bulk density in the lateral direction because of higher velocity fluctuations for particles in the bubble-flow region. The sum of the measured shear stresses was equal to the pressure drop minus the weight of the bed of solids within experimental error. The restitution coefficients for 530 mum glass beads, estimated from the ratio of shear to normal stresses, are in the range of 0.99. The mixing in the bubbling and turbulent fluidized beds is due to laminarlike particle oscillations measured by the conventional granular temperature and due to bubblelike granular temperatures produced by the motion of bubbles. The bubblelike granular temperature is much larger than the particle granular temperature. In the center of the riser, the particle granular temperature was about 3 times larger than the Reynolds-like granular temperature. These observations are consistent with the literature of particle dispersion in bubbling beds, such as the early Ruckenstein analysis of homogeneous and bubbling beds. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Gidaspow, D (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM gidaspow@iit.edu NR 60 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1341 DI 10.1021/ie0496838 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 901QV UT WOS:000227297900028 ER PT J AU Xia, XH Hu, ZB Marquez, M AF Xia, XH Hu, ZB Marquez, M TI Physically bonded nanoparticle networks: a novel drug delivery system SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; hydrogels; thermo-reversible gelation; interpenetrating polymer networks; nanoparticle dispersions ID N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SENSITIVE HYDROGELS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; RELEASE; GEL; POLYMERS; GELATION AB Monodispersed narroparticles consisting of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of polyacrylic acid (PAAc) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were prepared by a seed-and-feed method. The temperature-dependent viscosity measurement revealed that the IPN nanoparticle dispersions with polymer concentrations above 2.5 wt.% underwent an inverse thermoreversible gelation at about 33 degrees C. Dextran markers of various molecular weights as model macromolecular drugs were mixed with the IPN nanoparticle dispersion at room temperature. At body temperature, the dispersion became a gel. The drug release profiles were then measured using UV-Visible spectroscopy as a function of particle size and polymer concentration. The schematic structure of the nanoparticle network was proposed based on the,experimental,results. The drug delivery model presented here was significant because such a dispersion and a drug was mixed without chemical reaction at room temperature to form a drug delivery liquid. This liquid could be injected into a body to form in situ a gelled drug depot to release the drug slowly. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. PUSMA, New Technol Res Dept, NEST Grp, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Hu, ZB (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zbhu@unt.edu NR 45 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.11.016 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 905DB UT WOS:000227546800003 PM 15710497 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Johnson, CE AF Johnson, JA Johnson, CE TI Mossbauer spectroscopy as a probe of silicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID FLOAT GLASS; OXIDATION-STATES; DEPTH PROFILES; IRON IONS; TIN; COORDINATION; SURFACE; DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON; SPECTRA AB Mossbauer. spectroscopy of tin and iron has been used to probe silicate glasses. The research was motivated by the need to understand the structure and behaviour of float glass when tin diffuses into the surface during manufacture. Iron is also present in small quantities as it is an impurity in the sand from which the glass is made, and it is known to affect the tin uptake. Because float glass is a complex mixture of,silica and several. modifier oxides, Mossbauer spectroscopy on simpler systems containing silica and a single alkali or alkaline earth modifier has been carried out first to facilitate the interpretation of the data. The spectra have broad lines, reflecting the large number of,different sites in an atomically disordered material. Several conclusions were reached from a review of the literature on silicate glasses. The isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings identify the ionic states of the Mossbauer atoms, and the changes when the composition is varied by adding modifier atoms are due to small changes in the local structure and atomic volume. It appears that Sn2+ and Fe3+ act as conditional glass formers in silicate glasses, while Sn4+ and Fe2+ are modifiers. From measurements of the relative areas of Sn2+ and Sn4+ in the Mossbauer spectrum of sectioned specimens, the depth profiles of each oxidation state were determined separately. By monitoring the oxidation of Sn2+, to Sn4+, produced by heat treatment in air, the diffusion coefficient of oxygen was determined. Measurements on tinted float glass containing several per cent of iron show that the iron and tin react with each other, the Fe3+, oxidizing the Sn2+ to Sn4+. By combining these data with the depth profiles, a flow diagram of the chemical reactions in the float-glass process has been proposed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 8 BP R381 EP R412 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/8/R01 PG 32 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 909WT UT WOS:000227892100005 ER PT J AU Lin, FL Hoyt, HM van Halbeek, H Bergman, RG Bertozzi, CR AF Lin, FL Hoyt, HM van Halbeek, H Bergman, RG Bertozzi, CR TI Mechanistic investigation of the Staudinger ligation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHINES; COUPLING REACTIONS; AZIDES; IMMOBILIZATION; PROTEINS AB The Staudinger ligation of azides and phosphines has found widespread use in the field of chemical biology, but the mechanism of the transformation has not been characterized in detail. In this work, we undertook a mechanistic study of the Staudinger ligation with a focus on factors that affect reaction kinetics and on the identification of intermediates. The Staudinger ligation with alkyl azides was second-order overall and proceeded more rapidly in polar, protic solvents. Hammett analyses demonstrated that electron-donating substituents on the phosphine accelerate the overall reaction. The electronic and steric properties of the ester had no significant impact on the overall rate but did affect product ratios. Finally, the structure of an intermediate that accumulates under anhydrous conditions was identified. These findings establish a platform for optimizing the Staudinger ligation for expanded use in biological applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu RI Hoyt, Helen/B-8065-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58867] NR 23 TC 189 Z9 189 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 8 BP 2686 EP 2695 DI 10.1021/ja044461m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 901UR UT WOS:000227308100055 PM 15725026 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Campana, CF Rae, AD Graeber, E Morosin, B AF Rodriguez, MA Campana, CF Rae, AD Graeber, E Morosin, B TI Form III of 2,2 ',4,4 ',6,6 '-hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB-III) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; X-RAY; REFINEMENT AB The crystal structure of form III of the title compound, HNAB [systematic name: bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)diazene], C12H4N8O12, has finally been solved as a pseudo-merohedral twin (monoclinic space group P2(1), rather than the orthorhombic space group C222(1) suggested by diffraction symmetry) using a dual space recycling method. The significant differences in the room-temperature densities of the three crystalline forms allow examination of molecular differences due to packing arrangements. An interesting relationship with the stilbene analog, HNS, is discussed. Interatomic separations are compared with other explosives and/or nitro-containing compounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Bruker AXS Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM marodri@sandia.gov OI Campana, Charles/0000-0002-0495-0922 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 BP O127 EP O130 DI 10.1107/S0108270105000569 PN 3 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 902SN UT WOS:000227376900018 PM 15750234 ER PT J AU Muller, P Sawaya, MR Pashkov, I Chan, S Nguyen, C Wu, Y Perry, LJ Eisenberg, D AF Muller, P Sawaya, MR Pashkov, I Chan, S Nguyen, C Wu, Y Perry, LJ Eisenberg, D TI The 1.70 angstrom X-ray crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphoglycerate mutase SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; EXPRESSION; INSIGHTS; PROLINE; PROGRAM; DOMAINS; COMPLEX; FORM AB The single-crystal X-ray structure of phosphoglycerate mutase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been determined at a resolution of 1.70 Angstrom. The C-terminal tail of each of the subunits is flexible and disordered; however, for one of the four chains (chain A) all but five residues of the chain could be modeled. Noteworthy features of the structure include the active site and a proline-rich segment in each monomer forming a short left-handed polyprolyl helix. These segments lie on the enzyme surface and could conceivably participate in protein-protein interactions. C1 Howard Hughes Med Inst, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Howard Hughes Med Inst, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu RI Muller, Peter/A-8858-2008 OI Muller, Peter/0000-0001-6530-3852 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1107/S0907444904033190 PN 3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 902TT UT WOS:000227380100012 PM 15735341 ER PT J AU Shyam, A Allison, JE Jones, JW AF Shyam, A Allison, JE Jones, JW TI A small fatigue crack growth relationship and its application to cast aluminum SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; small fatigue cracks; plastic deformation; fatigue crack growth; laser machining ID ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; DISLOCATIONS; PROPAGATION; PARTICLES; DEFECTS AB Small fatigue crack propagation in two cast aluminum alloys - W319-T7 and A356-T6 - was investigated by initiating cracks from micronotches. It was demonstrated that an underlying relationship describes the growth behavior of these fatigue cracks. This relationship is based on a parameter which is the product of monotonic and cyclic crack tip displacements and under conditions of small scale yielding reduces to the Paris law with an exponent of four. The value of this parameter can be calculated from the mechanical properties obtained from a simple tensile test and it can account for the effect of temperature, maximum stress, microstructure, heat treatment, alloying and load ratio on small fatigue crack growth rates. The crack growth rates are linearly related to the value of this parameter and the validity of this relationship can be supported by physical considerations. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Eng, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ford Res Labs, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Shyam, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shyama@ornl.gov OI Shyam, Amit/0000-0002-6722-4709 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1499 EP 1509 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.12.004 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901EF UT WOS:000227265100024 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Ma, E Wang, YM Kecskes, LJ Youssef, KM Koch, CC Trociewitz, UP Han, K AF Cheng, S Ma, E Wang, YM Kecskes, LJ Youssef, KM Koch, CC Trociewitz, UP Han, K TI Tensile properties of in situ consolidated nanocrystalline Cu SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE nanocrystalline; copper; mechanical property; consolidation; deformation mechanism ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED METALS; STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; NANOSTRUCTURED METALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SHEAR BANDS; THIN-FILMS; COPPER; DUCTILITY AB We have prepared Cu powders with nanocrystalline grain sizes via ball milling at liquid nitrogen temperature. An in situ consolidation technique was used to produce fully dense nanocrystalline Cu samples centimeters in lateral dimensions and about one millimeter in thickness. We report a much improved combination of tensile strength and ductility, over the tensile properties of other nanocrystalline Cu materials documented in the literature. We also demonstrate the elvated strain rate sensitivity and strong temperature dependence of the flow stress and explain the results in terms of the thermally activated deformation mechanisms operative in the nanocrystalline grains. The nearly perfectly plastic behavior and shear localization observed are discussed and compared with the strain hardening behavior and deformation modes known for other nanocrystalline metals. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Ma, E (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ema@jhu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Youssef, Khaled/F-4629-2010; Koch, Carl/B-9101-2008; Cheng, Sheng/D-9153-2013; Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Youssef, Khaled/0000-0001-9850-5223; Cheng, Sheng/0000-0003-1137-1926; Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 67 TC 328 Z9 335 U1 16 U2 133 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1521 EP 1533 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.12.005 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901EF UT WOS:000227265100026 ER PT J AU Johnson, DK Rinchik, EM Moustaid-Moussa, N Miller, DR Williams, RW Michaud, EJ Jablonski, MM Elberger, A Hamre, K Smeyne, R Chesler, E Goldowitz, D AF Johnson, Dabney K. Rinchik, Eugene M. Moustaid-Moussa, Naima Miller, Darla R. Williams, Robert W. Michaud, Edward J. Jablonski, Monica M. Elberger, Andrea Hamre, Kristen Smeyne, Richard Chesler, Elissa Goldowitz, Daniel TI Phenotype screening for genetically determined age-onset disorders and increased longevity in ENU-mutagenized mice SO AGE LA English DT Article DE age-onset; ENU mutations; longevity; neurological disorders; phenotype-screening ID INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIFE-SPAN; MOUSE; MUTATIONS; DELETION; LOCUS; GENE AB With the goal of discovering genes that contribute to late-onset neurological and ocular disorders and also genes that extend the healthy life span in mammals, we are phenotyping mice carrying new mutations induced by the chemical N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). The phenotyping plan includes basic behavioral, neurohistological, and vision testing in sibling cohorts of mice aged to 18 months, and then evaluation for markers of growth trajectory and stress response in these same cohorts aged up to 28 months. Statistical outliers are identified by comparison to test results of similar aged cohorts, and potential mutants are recovered for re-aging to confirm heritability of the phenotype. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. St Jude Childrens Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. RP Johnson, DK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM johnsondk@ornl.gov OI Smeyne, Richard/0000-0002-8459-5472; Williams, Robert/0000-0001-8924-4447 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-9152 J9 AGE JI Age PD MAR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s11357-005-4131-3 PG 16 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 121FO UT WOS:000243143700010 PM 23598606 ER PT J AU Daily, JW Bessler, WG Schulz, C Sick, V Settersten, TB AF Daily, JW Bessler, WG Schulz, C Sick, V Settersten, TB TI Nonstationary collisional dynamics in determining nitric oxide laser-induced fluorescence spectra SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aerodynamic Measurement Technique CY JAN, 2004 CL Reno, NV ID GAMMA(0,0) ABSORPTION-LINES; PHOTO-IONIZATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; NO; BAND; SHIFT; PROBABILITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS AB Quantitative analysis of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signals of nitric oxide requires properly accounting for the effects of temperature, collisions, and laser and detection properties on the measured signals. Over the past, LIF properties of nitric oxide were studied for a range of conditions, from well-controlled burners to internal combustion engines. The knowledge gained from these studies has been compiled into a model and software tool that now allows the computation of LIF spectra/signals for given experimental conditions. However, the excitation dynamics are treated in a simplified fashion. The role of nonstationary excitation dynamics on the LIF signal is discussed utilizing a comprehensive, time-dependent, multilevel rate equation model. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Interdisziplinares Zentrum Wissensch Rechnen, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch, Inst Verbrennung & Gasdynam, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Daily, JW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Schulz, Christof/A-5711-2010; Sick, Volker/A-3987-2008; Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009; Bessler, Wolfgang/F-7936-2011 OI Schulz, Christof/0000-0002-6879-4826; Sick, Volker/0000-0001-5756-9714; Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258; NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 458 EP 464 DI 10.2514/1.8783 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 905LC UT WOS:000227568600003 ER PT J AU Skoulidas, AI Sholl, DS AF Skoulidas, AI Sholl, DS TI Multiscale models of sweep gas and porous support effects on zeolite membranes SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE computational chemistry (kinetics/thermo); membrane separations; membrane materials; zeolites; multiscale simulations ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MAXWELL-STEFAN EQUATIONS; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; BINARY-MIXTURES; TRANSPORT DIFFUSIVITIES; RAREFIED-GASES; SEPARATION PERFORMANCE; SILICALITE-1 MEMBRANES; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; SELF-DIFFUSIVITIES AB Existing detailed models of gas permeation through zeolite membranes have focused oil adsorption and diffusion within zeolite crystals. Practical zeolite membranes, however, are typically grown as thin films on porous supports and are often studied experimentally in the presence of a sweep gas in addition to the permeating species of interest. We have used a combination of atomically detailed and continuum models to examine the impact of sweep gases and porous supports on permeation of CH4 through silicalite membranes at room temperature. The adsorption and transport properties of the gas mixture inside the zeolite are treated using atomically detailed models, whereas transport in the porous support is treated using well-validated continuum models. Our results indicate that the effect of He as a sweep gas on unsupported membranes is minor. In many cases, the use of a porous support when no sweep gas is present also has only negligible effects compared to that of an unsupported membrane. When a sweep gas and a porous support are present, however, strong deviations from the permeation properties of an equivalent unsupported membrane with no sweep gas can occur, and these effects can depend strongly on whether the support faces the feed or permeate side of the process. These observations are related to existing experimental studies of gas permeation through zeolite membranes. (C) 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy & Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu NR 60 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 867 EP 877 DI 10.1002/aic.10335 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 902MZ UT WOS:000227362500015 ER PT J AU Cao, CS Wang, Y Holladay, JD Jones, EO Palo, DR AF Cao, CS Wang, Y Holladay, JD Jones, EO Palo, DR TI Design of micro-scale fuel processors assisted by numerical modeling SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE modeling; micro-scale fuel processor; steam reforming; methanol; methanation ID PD/ZNO CATALYST; METHANOL AB Computer-aided design (CAD) of a micro-scale fuel processor is described. Transport phenomena and reaction processes in a methanol steam reformer and a selective carbon monoxide methanator have been mathematically illustrated with a three-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model based on fundamental conservation laws of mass and energy. Simulations provide carbon conversion as well as local temperature distributions in the micro-scale fuel processors. Various reactor design options were evaluated by such numerical modeling predictions. The tailored temperature profile in the optimized reactor configuration and process conditions give high efficiency in generating low-CO-content hydrogen-rich gas stream for miniature fuel cell applications. (C) 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cao, CS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chunshe.cao@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 51 IS 3 BP 982 EP 988 DI 10.1002/aic.10364 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 902MZ UT WOS:000227362500024 ER PT J AU Silbar, RR Reddy, S AF Silbar, RR Reddy, S TI Neutron stars for undergraduates (vol 72, pg 892, 2004) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silbar, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 286 EP 286 DI 10.1119/1.1852544 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 898YI UT WOS:000227111700022 ER PT J AU Stephenson, NA Bell, AT AF Stephenson, NA Bell, AT TI Quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide by H-1 NMR spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen peroxide; proton NMR; quantification analysis ID ELECTRODE AB A technique utilizing (1)HNMRspectroscopy has been developed to measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide from 10(-3) to 10 M. Hydrogen peroxide produces a peak at around 10-11 ppm, depending upon the interaction between solvent molecules and hydrogen peroxide molecules. The intensity of this peak can be monitored once every 30 s, enabling the measurement of changes in hydrogen peroxide concentration as a function of time. H-1 NMR has several advantages over other techniques: (1) applicability to a broad range of solvents, (2) ability to quantify hydrogen peroxide rapidly, and (3) ability to follow reactions forming and/or consuming hydrogen peroxide as a function of time. As an example, this analytical technique has been used to measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide as a function of time in a study of hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyzed by iron(III) tetrakispentafluorophenyl porphyrin. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alexbell@berkeley.edu NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 381 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1293 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3086-7 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 910QI UT WOS:000227946500024 PM 15756600 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Ford, MJ Deibel, MA AF Van Berkel, GJ Ford, MJ Deibel, MA TI Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry coupled using desorption electrospray ionization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SAMPLING PROBE; ION-TRAP AB Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) was demonstrated as a means to couple thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with mass spectrometry. The experimental setup and its optimization are described. Development lanes were scanned by moving the TLC plate under computer control while directing the stationary DESI emitter charged droplet plume at the TLC plate surface. Mass spectral data were recorded in either selected reaction monitoring mode or in full scan ion trap mode using a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Fundamentals and practical applications of the technique were demonstrated in positive ion mode using selected reaction monitoring detection of rhodamine dyes separated on hydrophobic reversed-phase C8 plates and reversed-phase C2 plates, in negative ion full scan mode using a selection of FD&C dyes separated on a wettable reversed-phase C18 plate, and in positive ion full scan mode using a mixture of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine from an over-the-counter pain medication separated on a normal-phase silica gel plate. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Earlham Coll, Dept Chem, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov NR 15 TC 181 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1215 DI 10.1021/ac048217p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 903FA UT WOS:000227409800009 PM 15732898 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Ranville, JF Neal, AL AF Jackson, BP Ranville, JF Neal, AL TI Application of flow field flow fractionation-ICPMS for the study of uranium binding in bacterial cell suspensions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; U(VI); BIOREMEDIATION; REDUCTION; SEPARATION AB Field flow fractionation (FFF) is a size-based separation technique applicable to biomolecules, colloids, and bacteria in solution. When interfaced with ICPMS on-line, elemental data can be collected concurrent with size distribution. We employed hyperlayer flow FFF (F1 FFF) methodology to separate cells of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 from exopolymers present in washed cell suspensions. With a channel flow of 4 mL min(-1) and a cross-flow of 0.4 mL min(-1) cells eluted with a retention time of 4.7 min corresponding to an approximate equivalent spherical cell diameter of 0.8,mum. Cell suspensions were amended with increasing concentrations of U to establish an adsorption isotherm and with fixed U concentrations at varying pH to establish the pH dependence of sorption. A linear sorption isotherm was determined for U solution concentrations of 0.2-16 muM, maximum U sorption occurred at pH 5. A high molecular weight compound, presumably a cell exudate, was identified by F1 FFF-ICPMS. This cell exudate complexed U, and at elevated pH, the exudate appeared to have a greater affinity for U than cell surfaces. Thus, F1 FFF interfaced with ICPMS detection is a powerful analytical technique for metal sorption studies with bacteria; analysis can be carried out on small sample volumes (25 muL) and additional speciation information can be gained because of the versatile F1 FFF separation range and multielement detection capabilities of ICPMS. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ranville, JF (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jranvill@mines.edu RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1397 DI 10.1021/ac049278q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 903FA UT WOS:000227409800034 PM 15732923 ER PT J AU Li, FM Armstrong, DW Houk, RS AF Li, FM Armstrong, DW Houk, RS TI Behavior of bacteria in the inductively coupled plasma: Atomization and production of atomic ions for mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HPLC-ICP-MS; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LASER-ABLATION; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; ELEMENTAL FRACTIONATION; SOLID PARTICLES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; CELL-CULTURE; SPECIATION; IDENTIFICATION AB The combination of perfusion chromatography (PC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is a fast, general way to monitor metal incorporation into bacteria. U+ signals from U incorporated intrinsically in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) are measured with 4 ms time resolution to investigate the behavior of individual cells in the ICP. When intact B. subtilis cells are introduced directly into the ICP, occasional U+ spikes are observed. The positive U+ spikes suggest that bacteria behave more like solid particles than wet droplets in the ICP, compared to previous studies of such transient effects in the ICP. Drying the bacterial aerosol does not eliminate the spikes. Lysing the bacteria by sonication increases the U+ response by 30% compared to that from the untreated sample. PC results from a 10 ppb U standard, partially lysed and fully lysed bacteria samples show that the intracellular U-bound species are released by sonication and are small in size. The atomization ionization efficiencies for different elements (U, Ca, and Mg) from cells differ somewhat. Reducing the aerosol gas flow rate by 0.1 L min(-1) improves the relative U+ response for unlysed bacteria to 85% of that for lysed cells, although the absolute U+ signal is attenuated greatly. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1413 DI 10.1021/ac049188l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 903FA UT WOS:000227409800036 PM 15732925 ER PT J AU Smentkowski, VS Keenan, MR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG AF Smentkowski, VS Keenan, MR Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG TI Multivariate statistical analysis of concatenated time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry spectral images. Complete description of the sample with one analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOF-SIMS AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) instruments are capable of saving an entire mass spectrum at each pixel of an image, allowing for retrospective analysis of masses that were not selected for analysis during data collection. These TOF-SIMS spectral images contain a wealth of information, but few tools are available to assist the analyst in visualizing the entire raw data set and as a result, most of the data are not analyzed. Automated, nonbiased, multivariate statistical analysis (MVSA) techniques are useful for converting the massive amount of data into a smaller number of chemical components (spectra and images) that are needed to fully describe the TOF-SIMS measurement. Many samples require two back-to-back TOF-SIMS measurements in order to fully characterize the sample, one measurement of the fraction of positively charged secondary ions (positive ion fraction) and one measurement of the fraction of negatively charged secondary ions (negative ion fraction). Each measurement then needs to be individually evaluated. In this paper, we report the first MVSA analysis of a concatenated TOF-SIMS data set comprising positive ion and negative ion spectral images collected on the same region of a sample. MVSA of concatenated data sets provides results that are intuitive and fully describe the sample. The analytical insight provided by MVSA of the concatenated data set was not obtained when either polarity data set was analyzed separately. C1 General Elect, Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smentkowski, VS (reprint author), General Elect, Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM smentkow@crd.ge.com RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 5 BP 1530 EP 1536 DI 10.1021/ac048468y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 903FA UT WOS:000227409800052 PM 15732941 ER PT J AU Yamashige, H Matsuo, S Kurisaki, T Perera, RCC Wakita, H AF Yamashige, H Matsuo, S Kurisaki, T Perera, RCC Wakita, H TI Electronic structure analysis of iron(III)-porphyrin complexes by X-ray absorption spectra at the C, N and FeK-edges SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALPHA CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; IRON PORPHYRINS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; OXIDE GLASSES; HEME-PROTEINS; PRE-EDGE; XANES; METALLOPORPHYRINS; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS AB X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements at the C, N, and Fe K absorption edges were performed for iron(Ill)-tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP), iron(Ill)-tetrakis(p-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (FeTCPP), and iron(Ill)-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyfin (FeTSPP). The spectral shapes differ in the Fe K XANES, but not in C and N K XANES among FeTPP, FeTCPP, and FeTSPP. Crosschecks of XANES data for C, N, and Fe K absorption edges in combination with discrete variational (DV)-X alpha molecular orbital (MO) calculations indicate that each p-electron-withdrawing group on four meso-phenyl substitutes in an Fe(Ill)-porphyrin complex brings about a unique electron state through the complex because of the electron-withdrawal strength, itself. Consequently, they affect the positive charge of the center Fe(HI) ion. C1 Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Fukuoka Univ, Adv Mat Inst, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wakita, H (reprint author), Fukuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jonan Ku, 8-19-1 Nankuma, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. EM wakita@fukuoka-u.ac.jp NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 10 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.2116/analsci.21.309 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 995RD UT WOS:000234120600023 PM 15790118 ER PT J AU Friedberg, R Lee, TD AF Friedberg, R Lee, TD TI New ways to solve the Schroedinger equation SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Schroedinger equation; iterative solution; convergence ID CONVERGENT ITERATIVE SOLUTION; QUANTUM WAVE-FUNCTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXPANSION; MECHANICS AB We discuss a new approach to solve the low lying states of the Schroedinger equation. For a fairly large class of problems, this new approach leads to convergent iterative solutions, in contrast to perturbative series expansions. These convergent solutions include the long standing difficult problem of a quartic potential with either symmetric or asymmetric minima. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. CCAST, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Friedberg, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 316 IS 1 BP 44 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2004.08.002 PG 63 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905IA UT WOS:000227560600003 ER PT J AU Toner, B Fakra, S Villalobos, M Warwick, T Sposito, G AF Toner, B Fakra, S Villalobos, M Warwick, T Sposito, G TI Spatially resolved characterization of biogenic manganese oxide production within a bacterial biofilm SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MARINE BACILLUS; STRAIN SG-1; MINERAL FORMATION; MN(II) OXIDATION; BIRNESSITE; REDUCTION; COMPLEXES; TRANSMISSION; SURFACES AB Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1, a biofilm-forming bacterial culture, was used as a model for the study of bacterial Mn oxidation in freshwater and soil environments. The oxidation of aqueous Mn+2 [Mn-(aq)(+2)] by P. putida was characterized by spatially and temporally resolving the oxidation state of Mn in the presence of a bacterial biofilm, using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) combined with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at the Mn L-2,L-3 absorption edges. Subsamples were collected from growth flasks containing 0.1 and 1 mM total Mn at 16, 24, 36, and 48 h after inoculation. Immediately after collection, the unprocessed hydrated subsamples were imaged at a 40-nm resolution. Manganese NEXAFS spectra were extracted from X-ray energy sequences of STXM images (stacks) and fit with linear combinations of well-characterized reference spectra to obtain quantitative relative abundances of Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV). Careful consideration was given to uncertainty in the normalization of the reference spectra, choice of reference compounds, and chemical changes due to radiation damage. The STXM results confirm that Mn-(aq)(+2) was removed from solution by P. putida and was concentrated as Mn(III) and Mn(IV) immediately adjacent to the bacterial cells. The Mn precipitates were completely enveloped by bacterial biofilm material. The distribution of Mn oxidation states was spatially heterogeneous within and between the clusters of bacterial cells. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy is a promising tool for advancing the study of hydrated interfaces between minerals and bacteria, particularly in cases where the structure of bacterial biofilms needs to be maintained. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, LAFQA, Grp Biogeoquim Ambiental, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Toner, B (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Geomicrobiol Grp, Woods Hole, MA 02536 USA. EM toner@cal.berkeley.edu RI Villalobos, Mario/A-1203-2007; Toner, Brandy/N-7911-2016 OI Toner, Brandy/0000-0002-3681-3455 NR 51 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1300 EP 1310 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.3.1300-1310.2005 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 907GC UT WOS:000227702900025 PM 15746332 ER PT J AU Mou, XZ Moran, MA Stepanauskas, R Gonzalez, JM Hodson, RE AF Mou, XZ Moran, MA Stepanauskas, R Gonzalez, JM Hodson, RE TI Flow-cytometric cell sorting and subsequent molecular analyses for culture-independent identification of bacterioplankton involved in dimethylsulfoniopropionate transformations SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEIC-ACID CONTENT; NATURAL PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; RAPID TURNOVER; DISSOLVED DMSP; ALGAL BLOOM; FOOD-WEB AB Marine bacterioplankton transform dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) into the biogeochemically important and climatically active gas dimethyl sulfide. In order to identify specific bacterial taxa mediating DMSP processing in a natural marine ecosystem, we amended water samples from a southeastern U.S. salt marsh with 20 mu M DMSP and tracked community shifts with How cytometry (FCM) coupled to 16S rRNA gene analyses. In two out of four seasons studied, DMSP amendments induced the formation of distinct bacterioplankton populations with elevated nucleic acid (NA) content within 24 h, indicative of cells actively utilizing DMSP. The 16S rRNA genes of the cells with and without elevated NA content were analyzed following cell sorting and PCR amplification with sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism approaches. Compared to cells in the control FCM populations, bacteria with elevated NA content in the presence of DMSP were relatively enriched in taxa related to Loktanella, Oceanicola, and Sulfitobacter (Roseobacter lineage, alpha-Proteobacteria); Caulobacter (alpha-Proteobacteria); and Brachymonas and Xenophilus (beta-Proteobacteria) in the May-02 sample and to Ketogulonicigenium (Roseobacter lineage, alpha-Proteobacteria) and novel gamma-Proteobacteria in the Sept-02 sample. Our study suggests that diverse bacterioplankton participate in the metabolism of DMSP in coastal marine systems and that their relative importance varies temporally. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ La Laguna, Fac Farm, Dept Microbiol & Biol Celular, Tenerife, Spain. RP Moran, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mmoran@uga.edu RI Moran, Mary Ann/B-6939-2012; Gonzalez, Jose/C-3333-2013; OI Gonzalez, Jose/0000-0002-9926-3323; Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108; Moran, Mary Ann/0000-0002-0702-8167 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1405 EP 1416 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.3.1405-1416.2005 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 907GC UT WOS:000227702900036 PM 15746343 ER PT J AU Davison, BH Finkelstein, M AF Davison, BH Finkelstein, M TI Introduction to the Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Davison, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP III EP VIII PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200001 ER PT J AU Jung, HJG Thompson, DN AF Jung, HJG Thompson, DN TI Feedstock supply, logistics, processing, and composition SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Jung, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0003 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200002 ER PT J AU Wright, CT Pryfogle, PA Stevens, NA Steffler, ED Hess, JR Ulrich, TH AF Wright, CT Pryfogle, PA Stevens, NA Steffler, ED Hess, JR Ulrich, TH TI Biomechanics of wheat/barley straw and corn stover SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE modulus of elasticity; biomechanics; wheat straw; corn stover; feedstock development ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WHEAT-STRAW; PLANT; COMPOSITES; POROSITY; FIBERS; TISSUE AB The lack of understanding the mechanical characteristics of cellulosic feedstocks is a limiting factor in economically collecting and processing crop residues, primarily wheat and barley stems and corn stover. Several testing methods-compression, tension, and bend-were investigated to increase the understanding of the biomechanical behavior of cellulosic feedstocks. Biomechanical data from these tests can provide required input to numerical models and help advance harvesting, handling, and processing techniques. In addition, integrating the models with the complete data set from this study can identify potential tools for manipulating the biomechanical properties of plant varieties in such a manner as to optimize their physical characteristics to produce higher-value biomass and more energy-efficient harvesting practices. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wright, CT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM christopher.wright@inl.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 5 EP 19 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200003 PM 15917584 ER PT J AU Thompson, DN Barnes, JA Houghton, TP AF Thompson, DN Barnes, JA Houghton, TP TI Effect of additions on ensiling and microbial community of senesced wheat straw SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE wheat straw; lignocellulose; biorefinery feedstock; silage; ensiling; wet storage AB Crop residues collected during or after grain harvest are available once per year and must be stored for extended periods. The combination of air, high moisture, and high microbial loads leads to shrinkage during storage and risk of spontaneous ignition. Ensiling is a wet preservation method that could be used to store these residues stably. To economically adapt ensiling to biomass that is harvested after it has senesced, the need for nutrient, moisture, and microbial additions must be determined. We tested the ensiling of senesced wheat straw in sealed columns for 83 d. The straw was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and amended with several levels of water and free sugars. The ability to stabilize the straw polysaccharides was strongly influenced by both moisture and free sugars. Without the addition of sugar, the pH increased from 5.2 to as much as 9.1, depending on moisture level, and losses of 22% of the cellulose and 21% of the hemicellulose were observed. By contrast, when sufficient sugars were added and interstitial water was maintained, a final pH of 4.0 was attainable, with correspondingly low (< 5%) losses of cellulose and hemicellulose. The results show that ensiling should be considered a promising method for stable storage of wet biorefinery feedstocks. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Thompson, DN (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM david.thompson@inl.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 21 EP 46 DI 10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0021 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200004 PM 15917585 ER PT J AU Hamman, KD Williamson, RL Steffler, ED Wright, CT Hess, JR Pryfogle, PA AF Hamman, KD Williamson, RL Steffler, ED Wright, CT Hess, JR Pryfogle, PA TI Structural analysis of wheat stems SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE wheat straw; biomechanics, structural analysis; modulus of elasticity; composite materials ID STRAW AB Design and development of improved harvesting, preprocessing, and bulk handling systems for biomass requires knowledge of the biomechanical properties and structural characteristics of crop residue. Structural analysis of wheat stem cross-sections was performed using the theory of composites and finite element analysis techniques. Representative geometries of the stem's structural components including the hypoderm, ground tissue, and vascular bundles were established using microscopy techniques. Material property data for the analysis was obtained from measured results. Results from the isotropic structural analysis model were compared with experimental data. Future work includes structural analysis and comparison with experimental results for additional wheat stem models and loading configurations. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wright, CT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM christopher.wright@inl.gov OI Williamson, Richard/0000-0001-7734-3632 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0071 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200007 PM 15917588 ER PT J AU Baker, JO McCarley, JR Lovettt, R Yu, CH Adney, WS Rignall, TR Vinzant, TB Decker, SR Sakon, J Himmel, ME AF Baker, JO McCarley, JR Lovettt, R Yu, CH Adney, WS Rignall, TR Vinzant, TB Decker, SR Sakon, J Himmel, ME TI Catalytically enhanced endocellulase Cel5A from Acidothermus cellulolyticus SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE bioethanol; biomass conversion; protein crystallography; endoglucanase; Acidothermus cellulolyticus; Trichoderma reesei ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULASES; PROTEINS; PERSPECTIVE; MECHANISMS; GEOMETRY; DOMAIN; CORE AB When Tyr245 in endocellulase Cel5A from Acidothermus cellulolyticus was changed to Gly (Y245G) by designed mutation, the value of K-i for inhibition of the enzyme by the product cellobiose was increased more than 1480%. This reduction in product inhibition enabled the mutant enzyme (used in conjunction with Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase-I) to release soluble sugars from biomass cellulose at a rate as much as 40% greater than that achieved by the wild-type (WT) enzyme. The mutant was designed on the basis of the previously published crystal structure of the WT enzyme/ substrate complex (at a resolution of 2.4 angstrom), which provided insights into the enzyme mechanism at the atomic level and identified Tyr245 as a key residue interacting with a leaving group. To determine the origin of the change in activity, the crystal structure of Y245G was solved at 2.4-angstrom resolution to an R-factor of 0.19 (R-free = 0.25). To obtain additional information on the enzyme-product interactions, density functional calculations were performed on representative fragments of the WT Cel5A and Y245G. The combined results indicate that the loss of the platform (Y245G) and of a hydrogen bond (from a conformational change in Gln247) reduces the binding energy between product and enzyme by several kilo calories per mole. Both kinetic and structural analyses thus relate the increased enzymatic activity to reduced product inhibition. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Baker, JO (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM john_baker@nrel.gov OI Sakon, Joshua/0000-0002-8373-969X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015569, P20 RR015569-076514] NR 40 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 129 EP 148 DI 10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0129 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200013 PM 15917594 ER PT J AU Fedorov, AS Kosourov, S Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M AF Fedorov, AS Kosourov, S Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M TI Continuous hydrogen photoproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE green algae; sulfur deprivation; photobioreactor; chemostat; H-2 production; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ID GREEN-ALGA; SHEAR-STRESS; CULTURES; PHOTOBIOREACTORS; MICROALGAE; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; H-2 AB This study demonstrates, for the first time, that it is possible to couple sulfate-limited Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth to continuous H-2 photoproduction for more than 4000 h. A two-stage chemostat system physically separates photosynthetic growth from H-2 production, and it incorporates two automated photobioreactors (PhBRs). In the first PhBR, the algal cultures are grown aerobically in chemostat mode under limited sulfate to obtain photosynthetically competent cells. Active cells are then continuously delivered to the second PhBR, where H2 production occurs under anaerobic conditions. The dependence of the H-2 production rate on sulfate concentration in the medium, dilution rates in the PhBRs, and incident light intensity is reported. C1 Basic Sci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ghirardi, ML (reprint author), Basic Sci Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov RI Kosourov, Sergey/C-6682-2009; Kosourov, Sergey/A-1659-2016 OI Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041; Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041 NR 18 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 14 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0403 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200036 PM 15917617 ER PT J AU Evans, BR O'Neill, HM AF Evans, BR O'Neill, HM TI Effect of surface attachment on synthesis of bacterial cellulose SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE Gluconacetobacter hansenii; cellulose; pellicule; gellan; agar ID ACETOBACTER-XYLINUM; OPERON AB Gluconacetobacter spp. synthesize a pure form of hydrophilic cellulose that has several industrial specialty applications. Literature reports have concentrated on intensive investigation of static and agitated culture in liquid media containing high nutrient concentrations optimized for maximal cellulose production rates. The behavior of these bacteria on semisolid and solid surfaces has not been specifically addressed. The species Gluconacetobacter hansenii was examined for cellulose synthesis and colony morphology on a range of solid supports, including cotton linters, and on media thickened with agar, methyl cellulose, or gellan. The concentration and chemical structure of the thickening agent were found to be directly related to the formation of contiguous cellulose pellicules. Viability of the bacteria following freezer storage was improved when the bacteria were frozen in their cellulose pellicules. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Mol & Cellular Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Evans, BR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 4500N Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM evansb@ornl.gov OI O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1385/ABAB:121:1-3:0439 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200039 PM 15917620 ER PT J AU Noah, KS Bruhn, DF Bala, GA AF Noah, KS Bruhn, DF Bala, GA TI Surfactin production from potato process effluent by Bacillus subtilis in a chemostat SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE Bacillus subtilis; biosurfactant; surfactin; alternate feedstock; enhanced oil recovery ID RECOVERY AB The biosurfactant surfactin has potential to aid in the recovery of energy resources (oil recovery) or subsurface organic contaminants (environmental remediation). However, high medium and purification costs limit its use in these high-volume applications. In previous work, we showed that surfactin could be produced from an inexpensive low-solids potato process effluent with minimal amendments or pretreatments. Previous research has also shown that surfactin can be both produced in Bacillus subtilis cultures and recovered by foam fractionation in an airlift reactor. Results using both purified potato starch and unamended low-solids potato process effluent as substrates for surfactin production indicate that the process is oxygen limited and that recalcitrant indigenous bacteria in the potato process effluent hamper continuous surfactin production. The research reported here features the use of a chemostat operated in batch mode for producing surfactin with concomitant use of antifoam to prevent surfactant loss. The antifoarn did not interfere with surfactin recovery by acid precipitation or its efficacy. Initial trials took about 48 h to produce 0.9 g/L of surfactin from potato process effluent. Increasing the oxygen mass transfer by increasing the stirring speed and adding a baffle decreased production time to 12-24 h and produced about 0.6 g/L of surfactin from two different potato-processing facilities. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Biotechnol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Noah, KS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Biotechnol Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM karl@inel.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 465 EP 473 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200042 PM 15920256 ER PT J AU Qian, XH Nimlos, MR Johnson, DK Himmel, ME AF Qian, XH Nimlos, MR Johnson, DK Himmel, ME TI Acidic sugar degradation pathways SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE degradation; pathway; acidic; intermediate; sugar ID CELLULOSE; HYDROLYSIS; CONVERSION; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE AB Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate xylose and glucose degradation pathways. In the case of xylose, a 2,5-anhydride intermediate was observed leading to the formation of furfural through elimination of water. This pathway agrees with one of the mechanisms proposed in the literature in that no open chain intermediates were found. In the case of glucose, a series of intermediates were observed before forming the 2,5-anhydride intermediate that eventually leads to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). One of these intermediates was a very short-lived open-chain form. Furthermore, two novel side-reaction pathways were identified, which lead to degradation products other than HMF. C1 RX Innovat Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Qian, XH (reprint author), RX Innovat Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM xianghong_qian@nrel.gov RI Johnson, David/G-4959-2011; Qian, Xianghong/C-4821-2014 OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4815-8782; NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 20 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1385/ABAB:124:1-3:0989 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200085 PM 15930576 ER PT J AU Chen, S Wen, Z Liao, W Liu, C Kincaid, RL Harrison, JH Elliott, DC Brown, MD Stevens, DJ AF Chen, S Wen, Z Liao, W Liu, C Kincaid, RL Harrison, JH Elliott, DC Brown, MD Stevens, DJ TI Studies into using manure in a biorefinery concept SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE biorefinery; manure ID DAIRY MANURE; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; NITROGEN; CELLULASE; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; SOIL AB Animal manure is an underutilized biomass resource containing a large amount of organic carbon that is often wasted with the existing manure disposal practices. A research project funded by the US Department of Energy explored the feasibility of using manure via the sugar platform in a biorefinery, converting the carbon from fiber to biochemicals. The results showed that (1) fiber was the major component of manure dry material making up approx 50%, 40%, and 36% of the dry dairy, swine, and poultry manure material, respectively; within dairy manure, more than 56% of the dry matter was in particles larger than 1.680 mm; (2) in addition to being a carbon source, manure could provide a variety of nutrient for fungi T reesei and A. phoenicis to produce cellulase; (3) the hemicellulose component in the manure fiber could be readily converted to sugar through acid hydrolysis; while concentrated acid decrystallization treatment was most effective in manure cellulose hydrolysis; (4) purification and separation was necessary for further chemical conversion of the manure hydrolysate to polyols through hydrogenation; and (5) the manure utilization strategy studied in this work is currently not profitable. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM chens@wsu.edu NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 EI 1559-0291 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 999 EP 1015 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200086 PM 15930577 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Lee, YY Elander, RT AF Zhu, YM Lee, YY Elander, RT TI Optimization of dilute-acid pretreatment of corn stover using a high-solids percolation reactor SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE corn stover; dilute-acid hydrolysis; percolation process; pretreatment; high sugar recovery; low enzyme loading ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; AMMONIA; BIOMASS AB We have previously demonstrated that pretreatment of corn stover with dilute sulfuric acid can achieve high digestibility and efficient recovery of hemicellulose sugars with high yield and concentration. Further improvement of this process was sought in this work. A modification was made in the operation of the percolation reactor that the reactor is preheated under atmospheric pressure to remove moisture that causes autohydrolysis. This eliminated sugar decomposition during the preheating stage and led to a considerable improvement in overall sugar yield. In addition, liquid throughput was minimized to the extent that only one reactor void volume of liquid was collected. This was done to attain a high xylose concentration in the hydrolyzate. The optimum reaction and operating conditions were identified wherein near quantitative enzymatic digestibilities are obtained with enzyme loading of 15 FPU/g glucan. With a reduced enzyme loading of 5 FPU/g glucan, the enzymatic digestibility was decreased, but still reached a level of 92%. Decomposition of carbohydrates was extremely low as indicated by the measured glucan and xylan mass closures (recovered sugar plus unreacted) which were 98% and 94%, respectively. The data obtained in this work indicate that the digestibility is related to the extent of xylan removal. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, YY (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yylee@eng.auburn.edu NR 16 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 1045 EP 1054 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200089 PM 15930580 ER PT J AU Loncaric, J Tsynkov, SV AF Loncaric, J Tsynkov, SV TI Quadratic optimization in the problems of active control of sound SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE noise cancellation; active control sources; volumetric and surface controls; general solution; monopoles and dipoles; radiation of waves; complex-valued quantities; L-2-minimization; overdetermined systems; least squares; unconstrained minimization; constrained minimization ID NOISE AB We analyze the problem of suppressing the unwanted component of a time-harmonic acoustic field (noise) on a predetermined region of interest. The suppression is rendered by active means, i.e., by introducing the additional acoustic sources called controls that generate the appropriate anti-sound. Previously, we have obtained general solutions for active controls in both continuous and discrete formulation of the problem. We have also obtained optimal solutions that minimize the overall absolute acoustic source strength of active control sources, which is equivalent to minimization in the sense of L-1. By contrast, in the current paper we formulate and study optimization problems that involve quadratic functions of merit. Specifically, we minimize the L-2 norm of the control sources, and we consider both the unconstrained and constrained minimization. The unconstrained L-2 minimization is an easy problem to address numerically. On the other hand, the constrained approach allows one to analyze sophisticated geometries. In a special case, we can compare our finite-difference optimal solutions to the continuous optimal solutions obtained previously using a semi-analytic technique. We also show that the optima obtained in the sense of L-2 differ drastically from those obtained in the sense of L-1. (C) 2004 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tsynkov, SV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Box 8205, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM josip@lanl.gov; tsynkov@math.ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 381 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.apnum.2004.08.041 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 891FL UT WOS:000226566600004 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AW Gruber, JB Bolton, PR Bowers, MS AF Kennedy, AW Gruber, JB Bolton, PR Bowers, MS TI Modeling gain-medium diffraction in super-Gaussian coupled unstable laser cavities SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB The diffractive effects of a single laser rod in an unstable super-Gaussian coupled cavity are modeled for a range of cavity configurations, with an intracavity, zero-thickness aperture. After fundamental mode propagation through a maximally flat output coupler, beam quality (M-2) and far-field power loss values are related. Beam quality is most sensitive to cavity magnification and aperture Fresnel number, both correlated to the aperture-equivalent Fresnel number. In contrast, variation of M-2 with aperture position is sufficiently conservative to predict the intensity profile of a solid-state laser with a typical gain length, in good agreement with experimental data. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Aculight Corp, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. RP Kennedy, AW (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Washington Sq, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. EM paulannkennedy@netseape.net NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1283 EP 1287 DI 10.1364/AO.44.001283 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 903XT UT WOS:000227459600020 PM 15765708 ER PT J AU Wu, W Jung, GY Olynick, DL Straznicky, J Li, Z Li, X Ohlberg, DAA Chen, Y Wang, SY Liddle, JA Tong, WM Williams, RS AF Wu, W Jung, GY Olynick, DL Straznicky, J Li, Z Li, X Ohlberg, DAA Chen, Y Wang, SY Liddle, JA Tong, WM Williams, RS TI One-kilobit cross-bar molecular memory circuits at 30-nm half-pitch fabricated by nanoimprint lithography SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION AB We have developed a process to fabricate a cross-bar structure using UV-curable nanoimprint lithography with a UV-curable double-layer spin-on resist, metal lift off and Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition. This process allowed us to produce 1-kbit cross-bar memory circuits at 30-nm half-pitch on both top and bottom electrodes. Read, write, erase and cross talking were also investigated. C1 Hewlett Packard Corp, HP Labs, Quantum Sci Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, InkJet Printing Grp, Technol Dev Operat, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Wu, W (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Corp, HP Labs, Quantum Sci Res, 3500 Deer Creek Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM wei.wu@hp.com RI Wang, Shih-Yuan/C-3889-2009; Tong, William/D-2564-2010; Wu, Wei/D-1908-2011; Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Wang, Shih-Yuan/0000-0002-1212-3484; Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 13 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1173 EP 1178 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-3176-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 907DS UT WOS:000227696100006 ER PT J AU Gehrke, RJ Davidson, JR AF Gehrke, RJ Davidson, JR TI Acquisition of quality gamma-ray spectra with HPGe spectrometers SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Review ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; ANTICOINCIDENCE; DETECTORS AB We propose practices to optimize the quality of acquired gamma-ray,spectra at a radioanalytical laboratory and to assist in the identification of extraneous spectral peaks including those from limitations in the physical setup, electronics, and counting conditions. This paper offers visible comparisons of high-quality spectra with those of inferior quality. We demonstrate the impacts on gamma-ray spectra taken with germanium (HPGe) detectors due to detector size, shape and energy resolution, background radiation, high-energy beta(-) or beta(+) decay in the sample, beta(-)-, beta(+)- and gamma-ray backscatter, pole-zero cancellation, pulse pileup, coincidence summing, and. unwanted sources of radiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gehrke, RJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rjg@inel.gov NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 479 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.07.005 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 889PC UT WOS:000226453900015 PM 15607927 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Aubuchon, SR Smith, ME Schoonover, JR Palmer, RA AF Wang, YQ Aubuchon, SR Smith, ME Schoonover, JR Palmer, RA TI Dynamic infrared linear dichroism study of the temperature-dependent, viscoelastic behavior of a poly(ester urethane) SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE dynamic infrared linear dichroism; dynamic mechanical analysis; polymer rheology; multivariate curve resolution; MCR; alternating least squares; ALS; Fourier transform infrared; step-scan FT-IR; chemometrics ID MULTIVARIATE CURVE RESOLUTION; SCAN FT-IR; SPECTROSCOPY; COPOLYMER AB In the study reported here, of the poly(ester urethane), Estane (R) 5703, simultaneous dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) measurements have been carried out at continuously variable temperatures from -50 to +30 degrees C. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis of the spectral data has been correlated with the thermo-mechanical properties. Spectral changes, analyzed as a function of temperature, are compared with the storage and loss moduli to provide insight into viscoelastic behavior at the molecular level. In addition, the data for pure Estane have been compared to those for plasticized Estane samples, which contain 10 and 30 % plasticizer by weight. These comparisons show a strong and consistent correlation between the macroscopic rheological properties and the microscopic (molecular, inter-molecular, and sub-molecular) responses of this block co-polymer. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TA Instruments Waters LLC, New Castle, DE 19720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Palmer, RA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM richard.a.palmer@duke.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1366/0003702053585381 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 906YG UT WOS:000227680400007 PM 15901311 ER PT J AU Peabody, JW Riddell, TJ Smith, KR Liu, YP Zhao, YY Gong, JH Milet, M Sinton, JE AF Peabody, John W. Riddell, Travis J. Smith, Kirk R. Liu, Yaping Zhao, Yanyun Gong, Jianghui Milet, Meredith Sinton, Jonathan E. TI Indoor air pollution in rural China: Cooking fuels, stoves, and health status SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE China; indoor air pollution; pulmonary function; rural poverty; solid cooking fuels ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; COAL; DISEASE; BREATH AB Solid fuels are a major source of indoor air pollution, but in less developed countries the short-term health effects of indoor air pollution are poorly understood. The authors conducted a large cross-sectional study of rural Chinese households to determine associations between individual health status and domestic cooking as a source of indoor air pollution. The study included measures of health status as well as measures of indoor air-pollution sources, such as solid cooking fuels and cooking stoves. Compared with other fuel types, coal was associated with a lower health status, including negative impacts on exhaled carbon monoxide level, forced vital capacity, lifetime prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and health care utilization. Decreasing household coal use, increasing use of improved stove technology, and increasing kitchen ventilation may decrease the short-term health effects of indoor air pollution. C1 Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Inst Global Hlth, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Business Adm & Econ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Peabody, JW (reprint author), Amgen Inc, 1 Amgen Ctr Dr,MS 10-2-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. EM Peabody@psg.ucsf.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 18 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 2 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.2.86-95 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 103KZ UT WOS:000241885400005 PM 16983861 ER PT J AU Colliver, DG Jarnagin, RE AF Colliver, DG Jarnagin, RE TI Advanced energy design guide for small office buildings SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Colliver, DG (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 905IR UT WOS:000227562300014 ER PT J AU Modera, M AF Modera, M TI ASHRAE standard 152 & duct leaks in houses SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Carrier Aeroseal, Strateg Operat, Syracuse, NY USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Modera, M (reprint author), Carrier Aeroseal, Strateg Operat, Syracuse, NY USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 28 EP + PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 905IR UT WOS:000227562300015 ER PT J AU Zogg, R Dieckmann, J Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Zogg, R Dieckmann, J Roth, K Brodrick, J TI Heat pump water heaters SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Zogg, R (reprint author), TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 98 EP 99 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 905IR UT WOS:000227562300027 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harbeck, D Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Mannery, E Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Menard, B Munn, JA Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pauls, G Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Raddick, MJ Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Subbarao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, IN Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harbeck, D Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Holtzman, JA Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Lin, H Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Mannery, E Margon, B Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Menard, B Munn, JA Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pauls, G Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Quinn, TR Raddick, MJ Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schroeder, J Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA Subbarao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, IN Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB TI The third data release of the Sloan digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; GALAXY SAMPLE; ALL-SKY; STARS AB This paper describes the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This release, containing data taken up through 2003 June, includes imaging data in five bands over 5282 deg(2), photometric and astrometric catalogs of the 141 million objects detected in these imaging data, and spectra of 528,640 objects selected over 4188 deg(2). The pipelines analyzing both images and spectroscopy are unchanged from those used in our Second Data Release. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Part Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. New Mexico Inst Technol, Magdalena Ridge Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estud Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys & Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Univ, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Inst Astron & Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR4, MS D448, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Akad Pedog Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, SNS4, MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Univ, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Inst Astron & Astrophys, FNRS, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CO Inst Cosm Ray Res, Japan Participat Grp, Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Tan, Joshua/0000-0003-3835-8115 NR 24 TC 556 Z9 560 U1 3 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 129 IS 3 BP 1755 EP 1759 DI 10.1086/427544 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904UL UT WOS:000227523100039 ER PT J AU Demarco, R Rosati, P Lidman, C Homeier, NL Scannapieco, E Benitez, N Mainieri, V Nonino, M Girardi, M Stanford, SA Tozzi, P Borgani, S Silk, J Squires, G Broadhurst, TJ AF Demarco, R Rosati, P Lidman, C Homeier, NL Scannapieco, E Benitez, N Mainieri, V Nonino, M Girardi, M Stanford, SA Tozzi, P Borgani, S Silk, J Squires, G Broadhurst, TJ TI A VLT spectroscopic survey of RX J0152.7-1357, a forming cluster of galaxies at z=0.837 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; techniques : spectroscopic; X-ray : galaxies : clusters; galaxies : clusters : individual : RX J0152.7-1357 ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS; X-RAY; STAR-FORMATION; MS 1054-03; DISTANT CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; RED GALAXY; SCALE AB We present the results of an extensive spectroscopic survey of RX J0152.7- 1357, one of the most massive distant clusters of galaxies known. Multi-object spectroscopy, carried out with FORS1 and FORS2 on the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT), has allowed us to measure more than 200 redshifts in the cluster field and to confirm 102 galaxies as cluster members. The mean redshift of the cluster is z = 0.837 +/- 0.001 and we estimate the velocity dispersion of the overall cluster galaxy distribution to be similar to 1600 km s(-1). The distribution of cluster members is clearly irregular, with two main clumps that follow the X-ray cluster emission mapped by Chandra. A third clump of galaxies to the east of the central structure and at the cluster redshift has also been identified. The two main clumps have velocity dispersions of similar to 919 and similar to 737 km s(-1) respectively, and the peculiar velocity of the two clumps suggests that they will merge into a single more massive cluster. A segregation in the star formation activity of the member galaxies is observed. All star-forming galaxies are located outside the high-density peaks, which are populated only by passive galaxies. A population of red galaxies ( belonging to the cluster red sequence) with clear post-starburst spectral features and [OII] (lambda.3727) emission lines is observed in the outskirts of the cluster. Two AGNs, which were previously confused with the diffuse X-ray emission from the intracluster medium in ROSAT and BeppoSAX observations, are found to be cluster members. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM demarco@pha.jhu.edu OI Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662; silk, joe/0000-0002-1566-8148; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439; Benitez, Narciso/0000-0002-0403-7455 NR 58 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 432 IS 2 BP 381 EP 394 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041931 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904JS UT WOS:000227494200010 ER PT J AU Moran, L Mereghetti, S Gotz, D Hanlon, L von Kienlin, A McBreen, B Tiengo, A Preece, R Williams, OR Bennett, K Kippen, RM McBreen, S McGlynn, S AF Moran, L Mereghetti, S Gotz, D Hanlon, L von Kienlin, A McBreen, B Tiengo, A Preece, R Williams, OR Bennett, K Kippen, RM McBreen, S McGlynn, S TI INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton observations of GRB040106 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma-rays : bursts; gamma-rays : observations ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; LOW-LUMINOSITY; AFTERGLOW; SPECTROMETER; JETS; SPECTROSCOPY; GRB-031203; BATSE; ENVIRONMENT AB On January 6th 2004, the IBAS burst alert system triggered the 8th gamma-ray burst (GRB) to be located by the INTEGRAL satellite. The position was determined and publicly distributed within 12 s, prompting ESA's XMM-Newton to execute a ToO observation just 5 h later, during which an X-ray afterglow was detected. The GRB had a duration similar to 52 s with two distinct pulses separated by similar to 42 s. Here we present the results of imaging and spectral analyses of the prompt emission from INTEGRAL data and the X-ray afterglow from XMM- Newton data. The gamma-ray spectrum is consistent with a single power-law of photon index - 1.72 +/- 0.15. The fluence ( 20 - 200 keV) was 8.2 x 10(-7) erg cm(-2). The X-ray afterglow (F-v( t) proportional to gamma(-betaX t-delta)) was extremely hard with beta(X) = 0.47 +/- 0.01 and delta = 1.46 +/- 0.04. The 2 - 10 keV flux 11 h after the burst was 1.1 x 10(-12) erg cm(-2) s(-1). The time profile of the GRB is consistent with the observed trends from previous analysis of BATSE GRBs. We find that the X-ray data are not well-fit by either a simple spherical fireball or by a speading jet, expanding into a homogeneous medium or a wind environment. Based on previously determined correlations between GRB spectra and redshift, we estimate a redshift of similar to0.9(-0.4)(+0.5) ( 1sigma) and a lower limit on the isotropic radiated energy of similar to5 x 10(51) erg in this burst. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton, Hants, England. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, SCI SDG, Sci Operat & Data Syst Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moran, L (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM lmoran@astro.soton.ac.uk OI Tiengo, Andrea/0000-0002-6038-1090; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335; MEREGHETTI, SANDRO/0000-0003-3259-7801 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 432 IS 2 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041267 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904JS UT WOS:000227494200019 ER PT J AU Malloci, G Mulas, G Cappellini, G Fiorentini, V Porceddu, I AF Malloci, G Mulas, G Cappellini, G Fiorentini, V Porceddu, I TI Theoretical electron affinities of PAHs and electronic absorption spectra of their mono-anions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; molecular data; molecular processes; ISM : molecules; ultraviolet : ISM; methods : numerical ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PHOTODETACHMENT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; IR EMISSION FEATURES; INFRARED-EMISSION; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; LARGE MOLECULES; CHARGE STATES; NEGATIVE-IONS AB We present theoretical electron affinities, calculated as total energy differences, for a large sample of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs), ranging in size from azulene (C10H8) to dicoronylene (C48H20). For 20 out of 22 molecules under study we obtained electron affinity values in the range 0.4 - 2.0 eV, showing them to be able to accept an additional electron in their LUMO pi(star) orbital. For the mono-anions we computed the absolute photo-absorption cross-sections up to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) using an implementation in real time and real space of the Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD - DFT), an approach which has already been proven to yield accurate results for neutral and cationic PAHs. Comparison with available experimental data hints that this is the case for mono-anions as well. We find that PAH anions, like their parent molecules and the corresponding cations, display strong pi*-->pi electronic transitions in the UV. The present results provide a quantitative foundation to estimate the fraction of specific PAHs which can be singly negatively charged in various interstellar environments, to simulate their photophysics in detail and to evaluate their contribution to the interstellar extinction curve. C1 Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Astrochem Grp, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, Complesso Univ Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. Sardinian Lab Computat Mat Sci SLACS, INFM, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Malloci, G (reprint author), Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Astrochem Grp, INAF, Str 54, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. EM gmalloci@ca.astro.it; gmulas@ca.astro.it; giancarlo.cappellini@dsf.unica.it; vincenzo.fiorentini@dsf.unica.it; iporcedd@ca.astro.it RI Fiorentini, Vincenzo/E-4322-2010; Octopus, TDDFT Code/E-2400-2011; Mulas, Giacomo/B-7480-2013; Malloci, Giuliano/C-4873-2013; OI Fiorentini, Vincenzo/0000-0003-3794-8092; Mulas, Giacomo/0000-0003-0602-6669; Malloci, Giuliano/0000-0002-5985-257X; CAPPELLINI, GIANCARLO/0000-0001-9746-3025 NR 83 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 432 IS 2 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042246 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904JS UT WOS:000227494200029 ER PT J AU Venemans, BP Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK Kurk, JD De Breuck, C Overzier, RA van Breugel, WJM Carilli, CL Ford, H Heckman, T Pentericci, L McCarthy, P AF Venemans, BP Rottgering, HJA Miley, GK Kurk, JD De Breuck, C Overzier, RA van Breugel, WJM Carilli, CL Ford, H Heckman, T Pentericci, L McCarthy, P TI Properties of Ly alpha emitters around the radio galaxy MRC 0316-257 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : clusters : general; cosmology : observations; cosmology : early Universe ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; X-RAY; CLUSTER ENVIRONMENTS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; LARGE TELESCOPES AB Observations of the radio galaxy MRC 0316 - 257 at z = 3.13 and the surrounding field are presented. Using narrow- and broad-band imaging obtained with the VLT, 77 candidate Lyalpha emitters with a rest-frame equivalent width of > 15 Angstrom were selected in a similar to 7' x 7' field around the radio galaxy. Spectroscopy of 40 candidate emitters resulted in the discovery of 33 emission line galaxies of which 31 are Lyalpha emitters with redshifts similar to that of the radio galaxy, while the remaining two galaxies turned out to be [O II] emitters. The Lyalpha profiles have widths ( FWHM) in the range of 120 - 800 km s(-1), with a median of 260 km s(-1). Where the signal-to-noise was large enough, the Lyalpha profiles were found to be asymmetric, with apparent absorption troughs blueward of the profile peaks, indicative of absorption along the line of sight of an H. mass of at least 2 x 10(2)- 5 x 10(4) M-.. Besides that of the radio galaxy and one of the emitters that is a QSO, the continuum of the emitters is faint, with luminosities ranging from 1.3 L* to < 0.03 L*. The colors of the confirmed emitters are, on average, very blue. The median UV continuum slope is β = - 1.76, bluer than the average slope of LBGs with Lyα emission (β &SIM; - 1.09). A large fraction of the confirmed emitters (&SIM;2/3) have colors consistent with that of dust-free starburst galaxies. Observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope show that the emitters that were detected in the ACS image have a range of different morphologies. Four Lyα emitters (&SIM; 25%) were unresolved with upper limits on their half light radii of r(h) < 0.6 - 1.3 kpc, three objects (similar to 19%) show multiple clumps of emission, as does the radio galaxy, and the rest (similar to 56%) are single, resolved objects with r(h) < 1.5 kpc. A comparison with the sizes of Lyman break galaxies at z &SIM; 3 suggests that the Lyα emitters are on average smaller than LBGs. The average star formation rate of the Lyα emitters is 2.6 M-. yr(-1) as measured by the Lyα emission line or < 3.9 M-. yr(-1) as measured by the UV continuum. The properties of the Lyalpha galaxies ( faint, blue and small) are consistent with young star forming galaxies which are still nearly dust free. The volume density of Lyalpha emitting galaxies in the field around MRC 0316 - 257 is a factor of 3.3+(-0.4)+(0.5) larger compared with the density of field Lyalpha emitters at that redshift. The velocity distribution of the spectroscopically confirmed emitters has a dispersion of 640 km s(-1), corresponding to a FWHM of 1510 km s(-1), which is substantially smaller than the width of the narrow- band filter ( FWHM similar to 3500 km s(-1)). The peak of the velocity distribution is located within 200 km s(-1) of the redshift of the radio galaxy. We conclude that the confirmed Lyalpha emitters are members of a protocluster of galaxies at z similar to 3.13. The size of the protocluster is unconstrained and is larger than 3.3 x 3.3 Mpc(2). The mass of this structure is estimated to be > 3-6 x 10(14) M-. and could be the progenitor of a cluster of galaxies similar to e. g. the Virgo cluster. C1 Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Venemans, BP (reprint author), Sterrewacht Leiden, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM venemans@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 107 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 431 IS 3 BP 793 EP 812 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20042038 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904JQ UT WOS:000227492900003 ER PT J AU Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amman, JF Archbold, GC Bellido, JA Belov, K Belz, JW Bergman, DR Cao, Z Clay, RW Cooper, MD Dai, H Dawson, BR Everett, AA Girard, JHV Gray, RC Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Huntemeyer, P Jones, BF Jui, CCH Kieda, DB Kim, K Kirn, MA Loh, EC Manago, N Marek, LJ Martens, K Martin, G Manago, N Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN Meyer, JR Moore, SA Morrison, P Moosman, AN Mumford, JR Munro, MW Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, M Sarracino, JS Schnetzer, S Shen, P Simpson, KM Sinnis, G Smith, JD Sokolsky, P Song, C Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, SB Thompson, TN Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR VanderVeen, TD Zech, A Zhang, X AF Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amman, JF Archbold, GC Bellido, JA Belov, K Belz, JW Bergman, DR Cao, Z Clay, RW Cooper, MD Dai, H Dawson, BR Everett, AA Girard, JHV Gray, RC Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Huntemeyer, P Jones, BF Jui, CCH Kieda, DB Kim, K Kirn, MA Loh, EC Manago, N Marek, LJ Martens, K Martin, G Manago, N Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN Meyer, JR Moore, SA Morrison, P Moosman, AN Mumford, JR Munro, MW Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, M Sarracino, JS Schnetzer, S Shen, P Simpson, KM Sinnis, G Smith, JD Sokolsky, P Song, C Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, SB Thompson, TN Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR VanderVeen, TD Zech, A Zhang, X TI Monocular measurement of the spectrum of UHE cosmic rays by the FADC detector of the HiRes experiment SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-SPECTRUM; FLYS EYE; AIR; RADIATION; ARRAY AB We have measured the spectrum of UHE cosmic rays using the Flash ADC (FADC) detector (called HiRes-II) of the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment running in monocular mode. We describe in detail the data analysis, development of the Monte Carlo simulation program, and results. We also describe the results of the HiRes-I detector. We present our measured spectra and compare them with a model incorporating galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. Our combined spectra provide strong evidence for the existence of the spectral feature known as the "ankle." (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys & High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Bergman, DR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM berginan@physics.rutgeirs.edu RI Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; OI Girard, Julien/0000-0001-8627-0404 NR 43 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2004.12.006 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 909IE UT WOS:000227852800001 ER PT J AU Cillis, AN Torres, DF Reimer, O AF Cillis, AN Torres, DF Reimer, O TI EGRET upper limits and stacking searches of gamma-ray observations of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; gamma rays : observations ID STAR-FORMATION; EMISSION AB We present a stacking analysis of EGRET gamma-ray observations at the positions of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies. The latter were selected from the recently presented HCN survey, which is thought to contain the most active star-forming regions of the universe. Different sorting criteria are used, and since there is no positive collective detection of gamma-ray emission from these objects, we determined both collective and individual upper limits. The uppermost excess we find appears in the case of ULIRGs ordered by redshift, at a value of 1.8 sigma. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SP Syst Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Cillis, AN (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM cillis@blazar.gsfc.nasa.gov; dtorres@igpp.ucllnl.org; olr@tp4.ruhr-uni-bochum.de RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 1 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1086/427496 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DR UT WOS:000227406200012 ER PT J AU Gehrels, N Chincarini, G Giommi, P Mason, KO Nousek, JA Wells, AA White, NE Barthelmy, SD Burrows, DN Cominsky, LR Hurley, KC Marshall, FE Meszaros, P Roming, PWA Angelini, L Barbier, LM Belloni, T Boyd, PT Campana, S Caraveo, PA Chester, MM Citterio, O Cline, TL Cropper, MS Cummings, JR Dean, AJ Feigelson, ED Fenimore, EE Frail, DA Fruchter, AS Garmire, GP Gendreau, K Ghisellini, G Greiner, J Hill, JE Hunsberger, SD Krimm, HA Kulkarni, SR Kumar, P Lebrun, F Lloyd-Ronning, NM Markwardt, CB Mattson, BJ Mushotzky, RF Norris, JP Paczynski, B Palmer, DM Park, HS Parsons, AM Paul, J Rees, MJ Reynolds, CS Rhoads, JE Sasseen, TP Schaefer, BE Short, AT Smale, AP Smith, IA Stella, L Still, M Tagliaferri, G Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Townsley, LK Tueller, J Turner, MJL Vietri, M Voges, W Ward, MJ Willingale, R Zerbi, FM Zhang, WW AF Gehrels, N Chincarini, G Giommi, P Mason, KO Nousek, JA Wells, AA White, NE Barthelmy, SD Burrows, DN Cominsky, LR Hurley, KC Marshall, FE Meszaros, P Roming, PWA Angelini, L Barbier, LM Belloni, T Boyd, PT Campana, S Caraveo, PA Chester, MM Citterio, O Cline, TL Cropper, MS Cummings, JR Dean, AJ Feigelson, ED Fenimore, EE Frail, DA Fruchter, AS Garmire, GP Gendreau, K Ghisellini, G Greiner, J Hill, JE Hunsberger, SD Krimm, HA Kulkarni, SR Kumar, P Lebrun, F Lloyd-Ronning, NM Markwardt, CB Mattson, BJ Mushotzky, RF Norris, JP Paczynski, B Palmer, DM Park, HS Parsons, AM Paul, J Rees, MJ Reynolds, CS Rhoads, JE Sasseen, TP Schaefer, BE Short, AT Smale, AP Smith, IA Stella, L Still, M Tagliaferri, G Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Townsley, LK Tueller, J Turner, MJL Vietri, M Voges, W Ward, MJ Willingale, R Zerbi, FM Zhang, WW TI The swift gamma-ray burst mission (vol 611, pg 1005, 2004) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00198 Rome, Italy. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton S017 1BJ, Hants, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM DAPNIA SAP, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Toronto, McClennan Labs, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. L3 Commun EER, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, Sede Monteporzio Catone, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura, Saitama, Japan. Univ Florence, Osservatorio Astron Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Gehrels, N (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Boyd, Patricia/D-3274-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012 OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; NR 1 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 1 BP 558 EP 558 DI 10.1086/427409 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DR UT WOS:000227406200052 ER PT J AU Torres, DF Dame, TM Digel, SW AF Torres, DF Dame, TM Digel, SW TI High-latitude molecular clouds as gamma-ray sources for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; gamma rays : observations; gamma rays : theory; ISM : clouds ID HIGH GALACTIC LATITUDES; CO SURVEY; EGRET SOURCES; RADIO GALAXY; MILKY-WAY; GAS; EMISSION; ASSOCIATION; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE AB For about two decades, a population of relatively small and nearby molecular clouds has been known to exist at high Galactic latitudes. Lying more than 10degrees from the Galactic plane, these clouds have typical distances of similar to150 pc, angular sizes of similar to1degrees, and masses of order tens of solar masses. These objects are passive sources of high-energy gamma-rays through cosmic-ray-gas interactions. Using a new wide-angle CO survey of the northern sky, we show that typical high-latitude clouds are not bright enough in gamma-rays to have been detected by EGRET but that of order 100 of them will be detectable by the Large Area Telescope on the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope. Thus, we predict a new steady population of gamma-ray sources at high Galactic latitudes, perhaps the most numerous after active galactic nuclei. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dtorres@igpp.ucllnl.org; tdame@cfa.harvard.edu; digel@slac.stanford.edu RI Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 621 IS 1 BP L29 EP L32 DI 10.1086/428903 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 903DT UT WOS:000227406400008 ER PT J AU Lindberg, SE Dong, WJ Chanton, J Qualls, RG Meyers, T AF Lindberg, SE Dong, WJ Chanton, J Qualls, RG Meyers, T TI A mechanism for bimodal emission of gaseous mercury from aquatic macrophytes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE everglades; methane; Typha domingensis; Cladium jamaicense; fluxes ID NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROJECT; NORTHERN FLORIDA EVERGLADES; GAS-TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; METHANE EMISSION; AIR/WATER EXCHANGE; DRY DEPOSITION; METHYL MERCURY; ARDEA-ALBUS AB We performed intensive sampling campaigns of Hg-0 fluxes over emergent macrophytes in the Florida Everglades to find a surrogate for Hg fluxes from water and vegetation to identify the mechanisms of emission. We measured daytime lacunal and sediment gas concentrations of Hg-0, which suggested that the lacunal space acts as temporary storage for He and CH4. The absence of detectable He fluxes measured over uprooted (floating) plants and sediment incubation experiments suggest that the Hg-0 emitted from emergent macrophytes such as Typha and Cladium originates in the sediment. HgII in the rhizosphere is reduced to Hg-0 in these sediments by various processes, and is then transported by the plants to the atmosphere by two separate processes. At night, He and CH4 formed in the sediment accumulate in the lacunal space after crossing the root-sediment barrier. At sunrise, a form of pressurized through-flow purges the lacunal space of Typha into the atmosphere forming an early morning emission pulse for both gases, and coincidental peaks of CH4 and He suggest that the same lacunal gas transport mechanism is involved. Later in the day while the release of methane continues to deplete the lacunal pool, the He flux increases again to form a second peak in the afternoon when the CH4 emission has decreased. This peak parallels that of transpiration, and is presumably due to xylem transport of He from continued production of He in the rhizosphere, perhaps in response to release of root exudates. A mass balance for this similar to1500 ha wetland suggested that the total transpiration of Hg-0 is similar to1 kg yr(-1), or similar to20 times the amount evaded from the water surface. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. McNeese State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. RP Lindberg, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Lindbergse@ornl.gov RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 58 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1289 EP 1301 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901CN UT WOS:000227260700010 ER PT J AU Marshall, JD Teoh, SK Nazaroff, WW AF Marshall, JD Teoh, SK Nazaroff, WW TI Intake fraction of nonreactive vehicle emissions in US urban areas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE automobiles; benzene; box model; carbon monoxide; diesel particulate matter; exposure; National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment; one-compartment model ID AIR-POLLUTION; EXPOSURE; INHALATION; PROXIMITY; MORTALITY; HEALTH AB Intake fraction, which is the fraction of emissions that are inhaled by people, quantifies the "exposure efficiency" of an emission source. We use three methods to estimate intake fractions for vehicle emissions in US urban areas. First, we use a one-compartment steady-state mass-balance model, incorporating meteorological and demographic data. Second, we use an empirical emissions-to-concentration relationship for vehicle carbon monoxide developed for 15 US urban areas. Third, we analyze model results for benzene and diesel particulate matter from the US Environmental Protection Agency's National-scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). The population-weighted mean intraurban intake fraction for nonreactive gaseous vehicle emissions in US urban areas is estimated to be in the range 7-21 per million, with a best estimate of 14 per million. The intake fraction for diesel particles is 4 per million, based on NATA results. An intake fraction of 4 per million means that 4mg of pollution are inhaled per kg emitted. Intake fraction values for urban vehicle emissions are usually higher in winter than in summer because of seasonal variability in the atmospheric mixing height. The results presented in this work can be used in health risk assessments, cost-benefit analyses, and other investigations that require a summary of the emission-to-intake relationship. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nazaroff, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nazaroff@ce.berkeley.edu RI Marshall, Julian/B-2998-2012; Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1363 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901CN UT WOS:000227260700016 ER PT J AU Hewson, JC Yoon, SS AF Hewson, JC Yoon, SS TI On sampling from prescribed droplet PDFs using computational parcels SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article AB The relationship between the distribution of collections of particles (referred to as parcels or clouds) and the distribution of the individual particles is presented. While the parcel size distribution for the given chi(2) distribution is available in the literature, the distribution for the Rosin-Rammler, log-normal, and Gaussian distributions are not available in the literature. Analytical expressions of the particles and parcels for the Rosin-Rammler, log-normal, and Gaussian distributions are developed. Monte Carlo results are presented to show that the original droplet distributions are recovered. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ssyoon@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v15.i2.10 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 910FJ UT WOS:000227915600001 ER PT J AU Reichard, G Papamichael, K AF Reichard, G Papamichael, K TI Decision-making through performance simulation and code compliance from the early schematic phases of building design SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International ECAADE Conference CY SEP, 2003 CL Graz, AUSTRALIA DE decision-making; energy; codes; simulation; EN832 AB This paper is about the merging of two software applications that allows building decision makers to consider code compliance and to use performance simulation tools from the early schematic phases of building design. By making the capabilities of a code compliance tool available at the early schematic phases of building design, the hope and expectation is that users will use this software to address the mandatory code compliance issues and thus have an opportunity to address other performance issues as well. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Reichard, G (reprint author), Graz Tech Univ, Inst Struct Anal, Lessingtr 25, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM reichard@tugraz.at OI Reichard, Georg/0000-0003-4041-9968 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2004.07.012 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 906XN UT WOS:000227678300003 ER PT J AU Yan, B Pan, C Olman, VN Hettich, RL Xu, Y AF Yan, B Pan, C Olman, VN Hettich, RL Xu, Y TI A graph-theoretic approach for the separation of b and y ions in tandem mass spectra SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; DATABASE; PEPTIDES; PROTEOMICS; COMPLEXES; ALGORITHM; SOFTWARE; MS AB Motivation: Ion-type identification is a fundamental problem in computational proteomics. Methods for accurate identification of ion types provide the basis for many mass spectrometry data interpretation problems, including (a) de novo sequencing, (b) identification of post-translational modifications and mutations and (c) validation of database search results. Results: Here, we present a novel graph-theoretic approach for solving the problem of separating b ions from y ions in a set of tandem mass spectra. We represent each spectral peak as a node and consider two types of edges: type-1 edge connecting two peaks probably of the same ion types and type-2 edge connecting two peaks probably of different ion types. The problem of ion-separation is formulated and solved as a graph partition problem, which is to partition the graph into three subgraphs, representing b, y and others ions, respectively, through maximizing the total weight of type-1 edges while minimizing the total weight of type-2 edges within each partitioned subgraph. We have developed a dynamic programming algorithm for rigorously solving this graph partition problem and implemented it as a computer program PRIME (PaRtition of Ion types in tandem Mass spEctra). The tests on a large amount of simulated mass spectra and 19 sets of high-quality experimental Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectra indicate that an accuracy level of similar to90% for the separation of b and y ions was achieved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci & Technol Grad Sch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Computat Biol Inst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM xyn@bmb.uga.edu RI Pan, Chongle/C-6960-2008; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 29 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti044 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 900VA UT WOS:000227241200001 PM 15454408 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Xu, D AF Chen, Y Xu, D TI Understanding protein dispensability through machine-learning analysis of high-throughput data SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; GENE DISPENSABILITY; EVOLUTION; YEAST; NETWORKS; SEQUENCE AB Motivation: Protein dispensability is fundamental to the understanding of gene function and evolution. Recent advances in generating high-throughput data such as genomic sequence data, protein-protein interaction data, gene-expression data and growth-rate data of mutants allow us to investigate protein dispensability systematically at the genome scale. Results: In our studies, protein dispensability is represented as a fitness score that is measured by the growth rate of gene-deletion mutants. By the analyses of high-throughput data in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we found that a protein's dispensability had significant correlations with its evolutionary rate and duplication rate, as well as its connectivity in protein-protein interaction network and gene-expression correlation network. Neural network and support vector machine were applied to predict protein dispensability through high-throughput data. Our studies shed some lights on global characteristics of protein dispensability and evolution. C1 UT ORNL, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci, Digital Biol Lab, Columbia, MO USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), UT ORNL, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM xudong@missouri.edu NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti058 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 900VA UT WOS:000227241200002 PM 15479713 ER PT J AU Pawley, NH Gans, JD Michalczyk, R AF Pawley, NH Gans, JD Michalczyk, R TI APART: Automated preprocessing for NMR assignments with reduced tedium SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL ASSIGNMENT; RESONANCE ASSIGNMENT; PROGRAM; SPECTRA AB Motivation: High-throughput NMR structure determination is a goal that will require progress on many fronts, one of which is rapid resonance assignment. An important rate-limiting step in the resonance assignment process is accurate identification of resonance peaks in the NMR spectra. Peak-picking schemes range from incomplete (which lose essential assignment connectivities) to noisy (which obscure true connectivities with many false ones). We introduce an automated preassignment process that removes false peaks from noisy peak lists by requiring consensus between multiple NMR experiments and exploiting a priori information about NMR spectra. This process is designed to accept multiple input formats and generate multiple output formats, in an effort to be compatible with a variety of user preferences. Results: Automated preprocessing with APART rapidly identifies and removes false peaks from initial peak lists, reduces the burden of manual data entry, and documents and standardizes the peak filtering process. Successful preprocessing is demonstrated by the increased number of correct assignments obtained when data are submitted to an automated assignment program. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Michalczyk, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS G758, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM npawley@lanl.gov; rmichalczyk@lanl.gov OI Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 680 EP 682 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti043 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 900VA UT WOS:000227241200018 PM 15388520 ER PT J AU Gee, SL Lersch, RA Minovitsky, S Ponthier, JL Lo, AJ Short, S Chasis, JA Dubchak, I Conboy, JG AF Gee, SL Lersch, RA Minovitsky, S Ponthier, JL Lo, AJ Short, S Chasis, JA Dubchak, I Conboy, JG TI An intron splicing enhancer element, UGCAUG, is evolutionarily conserved near tissue-specific alternative exons including erythroid protein 4.1 exon 16. SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Conference on Hemoglobin Switching CY SEP 10-14, 2004 CL Orcas Isl, WA C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 MA 15 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 907VH UT WOS:000227745600016 ER PT J AU Leung, LR Qian, Y AF Leung, LR Qian, Y TI Downscaling extended weather forecasts for hydrologic prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600016 ER PT J AU Miller, N Jin, JM He, H Tsang, CF AF Miller, N Jin, JM He, H Tsang, CF TI Local climate sensitivity to the Three Gorges Dam SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 334 EP 335 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600018 ER PT J AU Miller, NL King, AW Miller, MA Springer, EP Wesely, ML Bashford, KE Conrad, ME Costigan, K Foster, PN Gibbs, HK Jin, J Klazura, J Lesht, BM Machavaram, MV Pan, F Song, J Troyan, D Washington-Allen, RA AF Miller, NL King, AW Miller, MA Springer, EP Wesely, ML Bashford, KE Conrad, ME Costigan, K Foster, PN Gibbs, HK Jin, J Klazura, J Lesht, BM Machavaram, MV Pan, F Song, J Troyan, D Washington-Allen, RA TI The doe water cycle pilot study SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; RIVER-BASIN EXPERIMENT; PROJECT; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; PASS AB By pooling many sources of hydrologic information, a multilaboratory investigation of a watershed in Kansas identified ways to achieve closure of the water budget in observations and modeling. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ANL Res Affilate, De Kalb, IL USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Miller, NL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 90-1116 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. EM nlmiller@lbl.gov RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010; Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011; Springer, Everett/B-6376-2012; Foster, Pru/K-5476-2012; Pan, Feifei/D-3370-2015; OI Springer, Everett/0000-0002-9816-8148; Foster, Pru/0000-0003-4735-1521; Pan, Feifei/0000-0003-4373-7566; Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 359 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-3-359 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600021 ER PT J AU McEnery, J Ingram, J Duan, QY Adams, T Anderson, L AF McEnery, J Ingram, J Duan, QY Adams, T Anderson, L TI NOAA's advanced hydrologic prediction service - Building pathways for better science in water forecasting SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER AB State-of-the-art science is helping to improve operational forecasting of floods, drought conditions, and water resources, delivering more precise and accessible information to customers. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Water Resources Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McEnery, J (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Water Resources Ctr, Box 41022, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM john.mcenery@coe.ttu.edu RI McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011 OI Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 375 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-3-375 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600022 ER PT J AU Yaghoubi, SS Barrio, JR Namavari, M Satyamurthy, N Phelps, ME Herschman, HR Gambhir, SS AF Yaghoubi, SS Barrio, JR Namavari, M Satyamurthy, N Phelps, ME Herschman, HR Gambhir, SS TI Imaging progress of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase suicide gene therapy in living subjects with positron emission tomography SO CANCER GENE THERAPY LA English DT Article DE mutant herpes simplex 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV1-sr39tk); positron-emission tomography; molecular imaging; suicide gene therapy; C6 glioma tumor xenografts ID REPORTER GENE; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; FDG PET; ANIMALS; TUMOR; INFLAMMATION; GANCICLOVIR; INFECTION; MICROPET; HEPATOMA AB Molecular imaging of a suicide transgene's expression will aid the development of efficient and precise targeting strategies, and imaging for cancer cell viability may assess therapeutic efficacy. We used the PET reporter probe, 9-(4-[F-18]fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl)guanine ([F-18]FHBG) to monitor the expression of a mutant Herpes Simplex Virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk) in C6 glioma tumors implanted subcutaneously in nude mice that were repetitively being treated with the pro-drug Ganciclovir (GCV). [F-18]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([F-18]FDG), a metabolic tracer, was used to assess tumor cell viability and therapeutic efficacy. C6 glioma tumors stably expressing the HSV1-sr39tk gene (C6sr39) accumulated [F-18]FHBG prior to GCV treatment. Significant declines in C6sr39 tumor volumes and [F-18]FHBG and [F-18]FDG accumulation were observed following 2 weeks of GCV treatment. However, 3 weeks after halting GCV treatment, the tumors re-grew and [F-18]FDG accumulation increased significantly; in contrast, tumor [F-18]FHBG concentrations remained at background levels. Therefore, [F-18]FHBG can be used to detect tumors expressing HSV1-sr39tk, susceptible to regression in response to GCV exposure, and the effectiveness of GCV therapy in eradicating HSV1-sr39tk-expressing cells can be monitored by [F-18]FHBG scanning. [F-18]FHBG and [F-18]FDG imaging data indicate that exposure of C6sr39 tumors to GCV causes the elimination of [F-18]FHBG-accumulating C6sr39 cells and selects for re-growth of tumors unable to accumulate [F-18]FHBG. C1 Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Radiol,BioX Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Div Nucl Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, UCLA DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, UCLA Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biomath, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gambhir, SS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Radiol,BioX Program, 318 Campus Dr,E150, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sgambhir@stanford.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA86306, R01 CA82214-01, R24 CA92865] NR 41 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0929-1903 J9 CANCER GENE THER JI Cancer Gene Ther. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700795 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 897SZ UT WOS:000227026700013 PM 15592447 ER PT J AU Liu, ZH Lu, HM Shi, HL Du, YC Yu, J Gu, S Chen, M Liu, KJ Hu, CAA AF Liu, ZH Lu, HM Shi, HL Du, YC Yu, J Gu, S Chen, M Liu, KJ Hu, CAA TI PUMA overexpression induces reactive oxygen species generation and proteasome-mediated stathmin degradation in colorectal cancer cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C RELEASE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR P53; BCL-2 PROTEIN FAMILY; P53-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NEURONAL APOPTOSIS; MITOTIC SPINDLE; PROLINE OXIDASE; FREE-RADICALS; BAX GENE AB Increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. PUMA (P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis), a mitochondrial proapoptotic BH3-only protein, induces rapid apoptosis through a Bax- and mitochondria-dependent pathway. However, the molecular basis of PUMA-induced apoptosis is largely not understood. Using a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods and PUMA-inducible colorectal cells, DLD-1.PUMA, we showed that (a) PUMA-induced apoptosis is dose and time dependent; (b) PUMA-induced apoptosis is directly associated with ROS generation; (c) diphenyleneiodonium, chloride, a ROS blocker, or BAX-inhibiting peptide, a suppressor of BAX translocation, decreased ROS generation and apoptosis in DLD-1.PUMA cells; (d) overexpression of PUMA induced up-regulation (>1.34-fold) of peroxiredoxin I and down-regulation (by 25%) of stathmin through proteasome-mediated degradation; and (e) hydrogen peroxide down-regulated stathmin and disrupted the cellular microtubule network Our findings indicate that PUMA induces apoptosis, in part, through the BAX-dependent generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. ROS overproduction and oxidative stress induce proteome-wise alterations, such as stathmin degradation and disorganization of the cell microtubule network, in apoptotic cells. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Hlth Sci, EPR Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Hlth Sci, Toxicol Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Pathol, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Hu, CAA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sch Med, MSC08 4670 1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ahu@salud.unm.edu NR 50 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1754 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 901PO UT WOS:000227294600006 PM 15753358 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Izrailev, FM AF Berman, GP Izrailev, FM TI The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem: Fifty years of progress SO CHAOS LA English DT Review ID NONLINEAR COUPLED OSCILLATORS; INTRINSIC LOCALIZED MODES; LARGE HAMILTONIAN-SYSTEMS; PERIODIC FPU-CHAINS; DE VRIES EQUATION; ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATORS; THERMODYNAMIC LIMIT; EQUIPARTITION THRESHOLD; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; ENERGY EQUIPARTITION AB A brief review of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) paradox is given, together with its suggested resolutions and its relation to other physical problems. We focus on the ideas and concepts that have become the core of modern nonlinear mechanics, in their historical perspective. Starting from the first numerical results of FPU, both theoretical and numerical findings are discussed in close connection with the problems of ergodicity, integrability, chaos and stability of motion. New directions related to the Bose-Einstein condensation and quantum systems of interacting Bose-particles are also considered. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 137 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 AR 015104 DI 10.1063/1.1855036 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 930TN UT WOS:000229440100027 PM 15836281 ER PT J AU Butler, AD Fan, MH Brown, RC van Leeuwen, J Sung, SW Duff, B AF Butler, AD Fan, MH Brown, RC van Leeuwen, J Sung, SW Duff, B TI Pilot-scale tests of poly ferric sulfate synthesized using SO2 at Des Moines Water Works SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE water treatment; coagulation; poly ferric sulfate; sulfur dioxide ID POLYFERRIC SULFATE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COAGULANTS; ALUMINUM; REMOVAL AB Poly ferric sulfate (PFS) was synthesized by absorbing a dilute sulfur dioxide gas stream into a bench-scale reactor containing a stirred solution of ferrous sulfate, with sodium chlorate added as an oxidant. The reaction product was a solution containing approximately 50 wt.% PFS, a highly effective coagulant used in water treatment. The reaction took place near atmospheric pressure and at temperatures of 30-80 degreesC. SO2 removal efficiencies greater than 90% were achieved with ferrous iron concentrations of less than 0.1% in the product. The product solution was evaluated by wet chemistry methods to verify that the process was capable of consistently producing high quality PFS. Quality parameters examined were total iron concentration, ferrous iron concentration, basicity (mass ratio of OH/Fe(III)), density, and pH. The PFS product was used in pilot-scale tests at a municipal water treatment facility, and gave good results in the removal of turbidity and superior results in the removal of organic materials when compared with equal doses of ferric chloride. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ctr Sustainable Environm Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fan, MH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ctr Sustainable Environm Technol, 288 Met Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fan@ameslab.gov RI Sung, Shihwu/B-5710-2011 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-2701 J9 CHEM ENG PROCESS JI Chem. Eng. Process. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.cep.2004.06.003 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 871RE UT WOS:000225150200009 ER PT J AU Wasilke, JC Obrey, SJ Baker, RT Bazan, GC AF Wasilke, JC Obrey, SJ Baker, RT Bazan, GC TI Concurrent tandem catalysis SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DYNAMIC KINETIC RESOLUTION; RING-CLOSING METATHESIS; OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; ALLYLIC ACETATE ISOMERIZATION; DUAL-FUNCTIONAL CATALYSIS; KHAND-TYPE REACTIONS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; METAL CATALYSIS; ASYMMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Organ Solids, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bakertom@lanl.gov; bazan@chem.ucsb.edu RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 159 TC 937 Z9 941 U1 16 U2 174 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 105 IS 3 BP 1001 EP 1020 DI 10.1021/cr020018n PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 908OV UT WOS:000227797600008 PM 15755083 ER PT J AU Zhou, P Yan, H Gu, BH AF Zhou, P Yan, H Gu, BH TI Competitive complexation of metal ions with humic substances SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE metal ions; humic acid; diffuse-layer model; competitive; complexation; nickel; calcium; metal speciation; sorption; FITEQL ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; FULVIC-ACID; WHEAT BRAN; ADSORPTION; BINDING; HEMATITE; URANIUM; MODEL; KAOLINITE AB The surface complexation model was applied to simulate the competitive complexation of Ni, Ca and A] with humic substances. The presence of two types of binding sites in humic acid, carboxylic and phenolic functional groups, were assumed at both low and high pH conditions. Potentiometric titrations were used to characterize the intrinsic acidity constants of the two binding sites and their concentrations. It was found that the diffuse-layer model (DLM) could fit the experimental data well under different experimental conditions. Ni and Ca ions strongly compete with each other for reactions with the humic acid but Al showed little influence on the complexation of either Ni or Ca due to its hydrolysis and precipitation at pH similar to 5. The surface complexation constants determined from the mono-element systems were compared with those obtained from the multiple-element system (a mixture of the three metal ions). Results indicate little changes in the intrinsic surface complexation constants. Modeling results also indicate that high concentrations of Ca in the contaminated groundwater could strongly inhibit the complexation of Ni ions whereas an increase in pH and the humic concentration could attenuate such competitive interactions. The present study suggests that the surface complexation model could be useful in predicting interactions of the metal ions with humic substances and potentially aid in the design of remediation strategies for metal-contaminated soil and groundwater. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM b26@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 46 TC 76 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2005 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1327 EP 1337 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.017 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905SE UT WOS:000227589200003 PM 15686750 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, NJ Edmonds, JA AF Rosenberg, NJ Edmonds, JA TI Climate change impacts for the conterminous USA: An integrated assessment: From MINK to the 'lower 48' - An introductory editorial SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODEL; AGRICULTURE C1 Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res INst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Rosenberg, NJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res INst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-3608-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910UF UT WOS:000227957000001 ER PT J AU Plantier, KB Pantoya, ML Gash, AE AF Plantier, KB Pantoya, ML Gash, AE TI Combustion wave speeds of nanocomposite Al/Fe2O3: the effects of Fe2O3 particle synthesis technique SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE metastable intermolecular composites; sol-gel synthesis; nanoaluminum combustion; thermites; burn rates ID MONOLITHS; EPOXIDES AB Combustion wave speeds of nanoscale aluminum (Al) powders mixed with iron oxide (Fe2O3) were measured as a function of Fe2O3 synthesis technique and fuel/oxidizer composition. Three reactant synthesis techniques were examined; two focus on sol-gel processing of nanoscale Fe2O3 particles and the third utilizes commercially available nanoscale Fe2O3 powder.,Nanoscale aluminum particles (52 nm in diameter) were combined with each oxidizer in various proportions. Flame propagation was studied by igniting low-density mixtures and taking data photographically with a high-speed camera. Both open and confined burning were examined. Results indicate that the combustion wave speed is a strong function of the stoichiometry of the mixture and a slightly fuel-rich mixture provides an optimum combustion wave speed regardless of oxidizer synthesis technique. Oxidizers processed using sol-gel chemistry originally contained impurities which retarded the combustion wave speeds. When the same oxidizers are annealed at moderate temperatures, the new heat-treated oxidizer shows a dramatic improvement, with combustion wave speeds on the order of 900 m/s. (c) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@coe.ttu.edu NR 16 TC 113 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 IS 4 BP 299 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.10.009 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 909MZ UT WOS:000227865300005 ER PT J AU Faeder, JR Blinov, ML Goldstein, B Hlavacek, WS AF Faeder, JR Blinov, ML Goldstein, B Hlavacek, WS TI Rule-based modeling of biochemical networks SO COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE local rules; automatic model generation; networks; signal transduction; combinatorial complexity; systems biology ID CHEMICALLY REACTING SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE PHOTOBLEACHING RECOVERY; ACCELERATED STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; FC-EPSILON-RI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; TYROSINE KINASE AB We present a method for generating a biochemical reaction network from a description of the interactions of components of biomolecules. The interactions are specified in the form of reaction rules, each of which defines a class of reaction associated with a type of interaction. Reactants within a class have shared properties, which are specified in the rule defining the class. A rule also provides a rate law, which governs each reaction in a class, and a template for transforming reactants into products. A set of reaction rules can be applied to a seed set Of chemical species and, subsequently, any new species that are found as products of reactions to generate a list of reactions and a list of the chemical species that participate in these reactions, i.e., a reaction network, which can be translated into a mathematical model. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wish@lanl.gov NR 85 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-2787 EI 1099-0526 J9 COMPLEXITY JI Complexity PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 10 IS 4 BP 22 EP 41 DI 10.1002/cplx.20074 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 917NJ UT WOS:000228469000003 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, WN Yanagita, T Frew, DJ AF Song, B Chen, WN Yanagita, T Frew, DJ TI Confinement effects on the dynamic compressive properties of an epoxy syntactic foam SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Response of Advanced Materials and Structures CY NOV 16-21, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE epoxy syntactic foam; compressive properties; split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); strain rate; confinement ID COMPOSITE SANDWICH; BEHAVIOR; FAILURE; FEATURES; DAMAGE; CORE AB Dynamic compressive properties of an epoxy syntactic foam at various strain rates under lateral confinement have been investigated with a pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The quasi-static responses were obtained with an MTS 810 materials test system. The quasi-static and dynamic stress-strain behavior of the foam under confinement exhibited an elastic-plastic-like response whereas an elastic-brittle behavior was observed under uniaxial stress loading conditions. The modulus of elasticity and yield strength, which had higher values than those in uniaxial stress case, were both sensitive to strain rates. However, the strainhardening behavior under confinement was not strain-rate sensitive. A phenomenological elastic-plastic type of material model was employed to describe the strain-rate-dependent compressive properties of the syntactic foam under confinement, which agreed well with experimental results. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM weinong@u.arizona.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.07.011 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 897TE UT WOS:000227027300004 ER PT J AU Song, B Chen, WN Yanagita, T Frew, DJ AF Song, B Chen, WN Yanagita, T Frew, DJ TI Temperature effects on dynamic compressive behavior of an epoxy syntactic foam SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamic Response of Advanced Materials and Structures CY NOV 16-21, 2003 CL Washington, DC DE epoxy syntactic foam; split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB); temperature effects; strain rate; compressive properties; material model ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITE SANDWICH; FEATURES; DAMAGE; CORE AB This research addresses effects of temperature, including adiabatic temperature rise in specimen during dynamic compression and environmental temperature, on the dynamic compressive properties of an epoxy syntactic foam. The adiabatic temperature rise in specimen during dynamic compression is found to be so small that its effects may be neglected. However, environmental temperature has significant effects on dynamic compressive behavior. With decreasing temperature, the foam initially hardens but then softens when below a transitional temperature, which are dominated by mechanisms of thermal-softening and damage-softening, respectively. A phenomenological material model accounting for both temperature and strain-rate effects has been developed, which well describes the compressive and failure behaviors at various strain rates and environmental temperatures. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, WN (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, 1130 N Mt Ave,POB 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM weinong@u.arizona.edu RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.07.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 897TE UT WOS:000227027300005 ER PT J AU Medvedev, DM Goldfield, EM Gray, SK AF Medvedev, DM Goldfield, EM Gray, SK TI An openMP/MPI approach to the parallelization of iterative four-atom quantum mechanics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; WAVE-PACKET; REACTIVE SCATTERING; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ENERGY LEVELS; DYNAMICS; IMPLEMENTATION; EIGENVALUE; COMPUTERS; ALGORITHM AB We present an approach to parallel iterative four-atom quantum mechanics calculations in a computing environment of distributed memory nodes, each node consisting of a group of processors with a shared memory. We parallelize the action of the Hamiltonian matrix on a vector, which is the main computational bottleneck in both iterative calculations of eigenvalues and eigenvectors and the iterative determination of quantum dynamics information via, e.g., wavepacket methods. OpenMP is used to facilitate the parallel work within each node, and MPI is used to communicate information between nodes. For a realistic problem the approach is shown to scale very well up to 512 processors at the NERSC computing facility, working at up to 20% of the theoretical peak performance rate. The highest total floating point rate we achieve is 0.16 Tflops, using 768 processors. Our approach should also be applicable to quantum dynamics problems with more than four atoms. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Gray, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@anchim.chm.anl.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 166 IS 2 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.11.001 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 908QB UT WOS:000227801300002 ER PT J AU Dongarra, J Sterling, T Simon, H Strohmaier, E AF Dongarra, J Sterling, T Simon, H Strohmaier, E TI High-performance computing: Clusters, consstellations, MPPs, and future directions SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@cs.utk.edu; tron@cacr.caltech.edu; HDSimon@lbl.gov; Estrohmaier@lbl.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2005.34 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 900QE UT WOS:000227228600009 ER PT J AU Klaus, JS Frias-Lopez, J Bonheyo, GT Heikoop, JM Fouke, BW AF Klaus, JS Frias-Lopez, J Bonheyo, GT Heikoop, JM Fouke, BW TI Bacterial communities inhabiting the healthy tissues of two Caribbean reef corals: interspecific and spatial variation SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE bacteria; coral disease; T-RFLP; nitrogen isotopes; pollution ID BLACK-BAND DISEASE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; DELTA-C-13; GRADIENTS; ECOLOGY; SIGNALS; JAMAICA; SPREAD AB Bacterial communities inhabiting healthy tissues of the reef-building corals Diploria strigosa and Montastraea annularis were evaluated across a human-induced environmental gradient along the southern coast of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Variations in bacterial communities inhabiting coral tissues were determined using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes, and the delta(15)N value of coral tissue was used to assess the relative amount of human contaminants at each reef locality. Bacterial communities of D. strigosa were more variable than M. annularis, but there were no systematic differences in the populations of healthy M. annularis and D. strigosa. The delta(15)N value of coral tissues showed as much as a 1.5 parts per thousand increase in the impacted versus the non-impacted localities. While M. annularis showed no significant variation in bacterial community structure due to local reef conditions, the bacterial communities of D. strigosa showed dramatic shifts in community structure. The most abundant bacterial taxa inhabiting D. strigosa display increased dominance at impacted localities. By linking variations in microbial communities with an understanding of variations in local environmental conditions, this study provides a means of assessing potential factors that may impact the microbial habitat of coral tissues as well as overall reef health. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klaus, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jklaus@uiuc.edu RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00338-004-0447-1 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 907UB UT WOS:000227742400024 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Erdemir, D Evans, JMB Ilavsky, J Amenitsch, H Segre, CU Myerson, AS AF Chattopadhyay, S Erdemir, D Evans, JMB Ilavsky, J Amenitsch, H Segre, CU Myerson, AS TI SAXS study of the nucleation of glycine crystals from a supersaturated solution SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CLUSTER FORMATION; GAMMA-GLYCINE; CRYSTALLIZATION; GROWTH; DIFFUSION; BINARY; PRECURSORS; FRACTALS AB Nucleation of crystalline solids, the first stage of crystallization from solution, is not yet fully understood. This is true for both small molecules of low molecular weight and more complicated large molecules. To obtain direct structural information about the process of nucleation and crystallization of small molecules, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has been used to study the crystallization of the amino acid glycine from its supersaturated aqueous solution. The scattering data was analyzed using the unified fit model, which is well-suited for studying complex systems that may contain multiple levels of related structural features. The results suggest that glycine molecules exist as dimers in supersaturated solution. The system obeys power-law behavior that indicates the presence of fractals in the solution. A transformation from mass fractal structure to surface fractal structure is observed during the crystallizatioia process, which could be the signature of a two-step nucleation process. C1 IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Glaxo Wellcome Mfg Pte Ltd, Singapore 628413, Singapore. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys & Xray Struct Res, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Segre, CU (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM segre@iit.edu RI Myerson, Allan/E-6813-2011; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; OI Myerson, Allan/0000-0002-7468-8093; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; Amenitsch, Heinz/0000-0002-0788-1336 NR 35 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 523 EP 527 DI 10.1021/cg0497344 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 903GW UT WOS:000227414900022 ER PT J AU Sidorov, VA Ekimov, EA Bauer, ED Mel'nik, NN Curro, NJ Fritsch, V Thompson, JD Stishov, SM Alexenko, AE Spitsyn, BV AF Sidorov, VA Ekimov, EA Bauer, ED Mel'nik, NN Curro, NJ Fritsch, V Thompson, JD Stishov, SM Alexenko, AE Spitsyn, BV TI Superconductivity in boron-doped diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides, and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 12-17, 2004 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY SP Aixtron AG, Diamond Business-Magazine, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Roth & Rau AG, Seki Technotron Corp DE superconductivity; diamond; diamond films; boron; graphite AB Here we report the experimental study of a new superconductor, B-doped diamond. Subjecting a mixture of amorphous boron with graphite to a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, we synthesized polycrystalline boron-doped diamond samples, whose sizes were suitable for specific heat measurements. For this kind of sample, we detected two specific heat anomalies at temperatures (similar to 4 K) closely corresponding to temperatures at which the resistance and magnetic susceptibility anomalies take place. The most probable origin of these specific heat anomalies is a bimodal B distribution in polycrystalline diamond. The correlation of physical properties, such as specific heat, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility, near the superconducting transition temperature is clear evidence of bulk superconductivity in these boron-doped diamond samples. Specific features in the low frequency range of Raman spectra correlate with superconducting properties of diamond. These features help to select heavily boron-doped CVD diamond films (DF) grown on (111) natural diamond, which exhibit superconductivity. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Ekimov, EA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Russia. EM ekimov@ns.hppi.troitsk.ru RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Melnik, Nikolay/E-5666-2014; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009; Fritsch, Veronika/P-1352-2016 OI Melnik, Nikolay/0000-0002-7058-0333; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237; Fritsch, Veronika/0000-0002-6620-4554 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3-7 SI SI BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2004.10.035 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 935AP UT WOS:000229751400018 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, T Kubovic, M Denisenko, A Janischowsky, K Williams, OA Gruen, DM Kohn, E AF Zimmermann, T Kubovic, M Denisenko, A Janischowsky, K Williams, OA Gruen, DM Kohn, E TI Ultra-nano-crystalline/single crystal diamond heterostructure diode SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides, and Silicon Carbide CY SEP 12-17, 2004 CL Riva del Garda, ITALY SP Aixtron AG, Diamond Business-Magazine, Elsevier Ltd, Iplas Innovat Plasma Syst GmbH, Roth & Rau AG, Seki Technotron Corp DE diamond; nanocrystalline diamond; pn-diode; heterojunction ID ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AB A new type of highly rectifying diamond heterostructure diode is demonstrated. The p-type doped part of the diode consists of a single crystal diamond, the n-type part of a nitrogen doped ultra-nano-crystalline diamond (UNCD) layer. IV-measurements show 8 orders of magnitude of rectification (+/- 10 V) at room temperature. The barrier behavior is rather complex and can be described by two junctions acting in parallel, reflecting the UNCD properties. This new material system displays an extraordinary thermal stability and has been tested successfully up to 1050 degrees C in vacuum. Thus, this novel diamond heterostructure diode belongs to the few ultrahigh temperature stable electronic devices. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, Ulm, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zimmermann, T (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Electron Devices & Circuits, Ulm, Germany. EM tom.zimmermann@ebs.e-technik.uni-ulm.de RI Williams, Oliver/B-2776-2009; OI Williams, Oliver/0000-0002-7210-3004 NR 6 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3-7 SI SI BP 416 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2004.12.049 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 935AP UT WOS:000229751400033 ER PT J AU Kostova, T Carlsen, T AF Kostova, T Carlsen, T TI The effect of habitat size and predation on the time to extinction of prairie vole populations: simulation studies via SERDYCA SO ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY LA English DT Article DE individual-based; spatially explicit; Microtus ochrogaster; patch size; population persistence; multiannual fluctuations ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; FRAGMENTATION; DYNAMICS; QUALITY; BIOENERGETICS; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; STARVATION AB We present a spatially explicit individual-based model of rodent dynamics, customized for the prairie vole species, Microtus ochrogaster. The model strives to represent the complexity of intertwining factors that determine the spatio-temporal dynamics of small rodents. It is based on trophic relationships and incorporates important features such as territorial competition, mating behavior, density-dependent predation and dispersal out of the modeled spatial region. Vegetation growth and vole fecundity are dependent on climatic components. The results of simulations show that the model correctly predicts the overall temporal dynamics of the population density. Time-series analysis shows a very good match between the periods corresponding to the peak population density frequencies predicted by the model and the ones reported in the literature. The model is used to study the relation between persistence, landscape area and predation. We use the notions of average time to extinction (ATE) and persistence frequency to quantify persistence. While the ATE decreases with decrease of area, it is a bell-shaped function of the predation level: increasing for "small" and decreasing for "large" predation levels. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-561,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kostova@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1476-945X EI 1476-9840 J9 ECOL COMPLEX JI Ecol. Complex. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 35 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2004.08.003 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 949MC UT WOS:000230791800003 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Shen, C Crow, ML Dong, L Pekarek, S Atcitty, S AF Zhang, L Shen, C Crow, ML Dong, L Pekarek, S Atcitty, S TI Performance indices for the dynamic performance of FACTS and FACTS with energy storage SO ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE battery energy storage; FACTS; power system dynamic stability ID STATCOM; SMES AB The integration of energy storage into flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices leads to increased controller flexibility by providing decentralized active power capabilities. Combined FACTS/energy storage systems (ESS) can improve power flow control, oscillation damping, and voltage control. This article presents performance indices that have been developed for quantifying the active power reactive power and voltage performance enhancement of different FACTS combinations. The dynamic responses of a shunt (StatCom), a StatCom/battery energy storage system (BESS), a synchronous series compensator (SSSC), a SSSC/BESS, and a unified power flow controller (UPFC) are presented to support the validity of the developed indices. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Mines & Met, Off Dean, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crow, ML (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Mines & Met, Off Dean, 305 McNutt Hall,1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM crow@umr.edu OI Crow, Mariesa/0000-0002-2087-9599 NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-5008 J9 ELECTR POW COMPO SYS JI Electr. Power Compon. Syst. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1080/15325000590474438 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887DV UT WOS:000226286400005 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Cui, XL Ye, XR AF Lin, YH Cui, XL Ye, XR TI Electrocatalytic reactivity for oxygen reduction of palladium-modified carbon nanotubes synthesized in supercritical fluid SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE oxygen reduction; fuel cell; palladium; carbon nanotubes; supercritical carbon dioxide ID ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; CATHODE CATALYST; PD NANOPARTICLES; O-2 REDUCTION; PLATINUM; DEPOSITION; ELECTRODES; NANOWIRES; WATER AB The electrocatalytic reactivity of palladium-modified carbon nanotubes (Pd-CNTs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated at the glassy carbon electrode surface in 1 M H2SO4 saturated by oxygen. Carbon nanotubes modified by palladium nanoparticles were synthesized in supercritical carbon dioxide and characterized by transmission electron micrograph. The electrocatalytic activity of the CNTs film and Pd-CNTs film toward oxygen reduction was studied using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry methods. The molecular oxygen reduction at the Pd-CNTs electrode started at a more positive potential than that at the CNTs electrode. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed in which the ORR may proceed through two-step two-electron processes for the Pd-CNTs modified electrode. Experimental results revealed that Pd-CNTs possess a remarkable activity and high stability for oxygen reduction in acid medium, which implies the potential applications of the Pd-CNTs for constructing electrodes of fuel cells. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 55 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.01.007 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 900MK UT WOS:000227218800005 ER PT J AU Fruetel, JA Renzi, RF VanderNoot, VA Stamps, J Horn, BA West, JAA Ferko, S Crocker, R Bailey, CG Arnold, D Wiedenman, B Choi, WY Yee, D Shokair, I Hasselbrink, E Paul, P Rakestraw, D Padgen, D AF Fruetel, JA Renzi, RF VanderNoot, VA Stamps, J Horn, BA West, JAA Ferko, S Crocker, R Bailey, CG Arnold, D Wiedenman, B Choi, WY Yee, D Shokair, I Hasselbrink, E Paul, P Rakestraw, D Padgen, D TI Microchip separations of protein biotoxins using an integrated hand-held device SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE biotoxins; mu ChemLab (TM); laser-induced fluorescence; microchip capillary electrophoresis; miniaturization; proteins ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PHYTIC ACID; RICIN; PURIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; PRECOLUMN; PEPTIDES AB We report the development of a hand-held instrument capable of performing two simultaneous microchip separations (gel and zone electrophoresis), and demonstrate this instrument for the detection of protein biotoxins. Two orthogonal analysis methods are chosen over a single method in order to improve the probability of positive identification of the biotoxin in an unknown mixture. Separations are performed on a single fused-silica wafer containing two separation channels. The chip is housed in a microfluidic manifold that utilizes o-ring sealed fittings to enable facile and reproducible fluidic connection to the chip. Sample is introduced by syringe injection into a septumsealed port on the device exterior that connects to a sample loop etched onto the chip. Detection of low nanomolar concentrations of fluorescamine-labeled proteins is achieved using a miniaturized laser-induced fluorescence detection module employing two diode lasers, one per separation channel. Independently controlled miniature highvoltage power supplies enable fully programmable electrokinetic sample injection and analysis. As a demonstration of the portability of this instrument, we evaluated its performance in a laboratory field test at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory with a series of biotoxin variants. The two separation methods cleanly distinguish between members of a biotoxin test set. Analysis of naturally occurring variants of ricin and two closely related staphylococcal enterotoxins indicates the two methods can be used to readily identify ricin in its different forms and can discriminate between two enterotoxin isoforms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Def Sci & Technol Lab, Salisbury, Wilts, England. RP Fruetel, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9201, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jfruet@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1144 EP 1154 DI 10.1002/elps.200406194 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 913RL UT WOS:000228170600014 PM 15704246 ER PT J AU Dabestani, R Britt, PF Buchanan, AC AF Dabestani, R Britt, PF Buchanan, AC TI Pyrolysis of aromatic carboxylic acid salts: Does decarboxylation play a role in cross-linking reactions? SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID COAL-LIQUEFACTION CONDITIONS; LOW-RANK COALS; BROWN-COAL; DEPENDENCE; METALS AB The pyrolysis of sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, and calcium benzoate has been investigated between 435 and 500 degrees C as models for carboxylic acid salts in low-rank coals to determine if the decarboxylation of benzoate salts can contribute to cross-linking reactions during the thermal processing of low-rank coals. Decarboxylation was the dominant reaction pathway for all three salts. However, char formation (leading to poor mass balance) was also observed in all cases. The reaction proceeds via an anionic pathway, where the initial decarboxylation of benzoate salt leads to the formation of a phenyl anion as the key intermediate. Proton abstraction by the phenyl anion from another molecule of benzoate leads to the formation of benzene and benzoate dianion, which can react with CO2 to form a di-salt of phthalic acid (i.e., the Henkel reaction). Both benzene and phthalate account for > 95% of the total products in the pyrolysis of sodium and potassium benzoates. The minor products diphenylmethane, benzophenone, triphenylmethane, and 9-phenylfluorene can form by a mechanism involving the reaction of phenyl anion with alkali benzoate to generate benzophenone, which reacts further to form the other products. Contrary to previous reports, calcium benzoate pyrolysis proceeds via an anionic mechanism to form benzene and benzophenone as the major products. No evidence of any calcium phthalate formation is observed in the pyrolysis of calcium benzoate. Furthermore, the reaction of benzophenone with the phenyl anion to form diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, and 9-phenylfluorene seems to be slowed considerably (compared to sodium and potassium benzoates), based on the observed yield of these minor products. The rate constant for the pyrolysis of these benzoate salts, which decarboxylate slower than corresponding acids, decreases in the following order: potassium benzoate > sodium benzoate >> calcium benzoate. The pyrolysis rate is increased by at least a factor of 3 in the presence of water. Water traps the intermediate phenyl anion very efficiently to form benzene almost exclusively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the presence of water can drastically reduce cross-linking reactions and significantly improve liquefaction. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dabestani, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS-6197, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1021/ef0400722 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 908II UT WOS:000227780300006 ER PT J AU Goodman, AL Campus, LA Schroeder, KT AF Goodman, AL Campus, LA Schroeder, KT TI Direct evidence of carbon dioxide sorption on argonne premium coals using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CO2 ADSORPTION; SURFACE; ISOTHERMS; METHANE; IR; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURES; POLYMERS; MOISTURE; VAPOR AB The direct interaction between CO2 and two Argonne Premium Coals [Pocahontas No. 3 (low-volatile bituminous) and Beulah-Zap (lignite)] was probed by use of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy at 328 K and pressures up to 8.0 MPa. Sorbed CO2 on Argonne Coals was detected at 2335 cm(-1) for Beulah-Zap coal and 2332 cm(-1) for Pocahontas No. 3 coal. The energy of adsorption (18.8-20.5 kJ/mol), estimated from the Langmuir equation, was consistent with physisorption. The spectral data indicated that only one type of site was available for sorption. No evidence could be found for specific interactions between CO2 and oxygen functional groups in the coals. The CO2-coal sorption isotherm was derived without estimating the CO2 compressibility and adsorbed layer density, both of which are needed in manometric techniques. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Goodman, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM angela.goodman@netl.doe.gov NR 50 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 471 EP 476 DI 10.1021/ef0498824 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 908II UT WOS:000227780300019 ER PT J AU Vine, E AF Vine, E TI An international survey of the energy service company (ESCO) industry SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE ESCO; international; survey AB Energy service companies (ESCOs) are expected to play an important role in promoting energy efficiency in countries outside of the US. However, there have been no studies examining the current level of ESCO activity internationally. To correct for this deficiency, a survey was conducted in the Fall of 2002 to collect information on the following key topics for selected countries: (1) the number of ESCOs; (2) the key sectors targeted by ESCOs; (3) the four most important barriers facing the ESCO industry; (4) the approximate value of projects conducted by ESCOs in 2001; and (5) the future of the ESCO industry in that particular country. Information was collected on ESCO activity in 38 countries outside of the United States. Based on the survey data, we calculate the total amount of ESCO activity outside the US in 2001 to be between $560 million and $620 million. This is approximately one-half to one-third of the ESCO revenues in the US for 2001. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, EETD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vine, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, EETD, Bldg 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elvine@lbl.gov NR 36 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 691 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2003.09.014 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889KQ UT WOS:000226442300011 ER PT J AU Szklo, AS Schaeffer, R Schuller, ME Chandler, W AF Szklo, AS Schaeffer, R Schuller, ME Chandler, W TI Brazilian energy policies side-effects on CO2 emissions reduction? (vol 32, pg 349, 2004) SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Energy Planning Program, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Pacific NW Natl Univ, Battelle Mem Inst, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Szklo, AS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Energy Planning Program, POB 68565, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM szklo@ppe.ufrj.br RI SZKLO, ALEXANDRE /C-3315-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 717 EP 717 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.001 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889KQ UT WOS:000226442300013 ER PT J AU Saito, H McKenna, SA Goovaerts, P AF Saito, H McKenna, SA Goovaerts, P TI Accounting for geophysical information in geostatistical characterization of unexploded ordnance (UXO) sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE collocated cokriging; Kappa statistics; logistic regression; simple kriging with varying local means ID CONTAMINATED SITE; INTERPOLATION; MOISTURE AB Efficient and reliable unexploded ordnance (UXO) site characterization is needed for decisions regarding future land use. There are several types of data available at UXO sites and geophysical signal maps are one of the most valuable sources of information. Incorporation of such information into site characterization requires a flexible and reliable methodology. Geostatistics allows one to account for exhaustive secondary information (i.e.,, known at every location within the field) in many different ways. Kriging and logistic regression were combined to map the probability of occurrence of at least one geophysical anomaly of interest, such as UXO, from a limited number of indicator data. Logistic regression is used to derive the trend from a geophysical signal map, and kriged residuals are added to the trend to estimate the probabilities of the presence of UXO at unsampled locations (simple kriging with varying local means or SKlm). Each location is identified for further remedial action if the estimated probability is greater than a given threshold. The technique is illustrated using a hypothetical UXO site generated by a UXO simulator, and a corresponding geophysical signal map. Indicator data are collected along two transects located within the site. Classification performances are then assessed by computing proportions of correct classification, false positive, false negative, and Kappa statistics. Two common approaches, one of which does not take any secondary information into account (ordinary indicator kriging) and a variant of common cokriging (collocated cokriging), were used for comparison purposes. Results indicate that accounting for exhaustive secondary information improves the overall characterization of UXO sites if an appropriate methodology, SKlm in this case, is used. (c) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Biomedware Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Saito, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800,MS 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hirotaka.saito@ucr.edu NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 7 EP 25 DI 10.1007/s10651-005-6815-3 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 934ZK UT WOS:000229747900001 ER PT J AU Thompson, LH Hinz, JM Yamada, NA Jones, NJ AF Thompson, LH Hinz, JM Yamada, NA Jones, NJ TI How Fanconi anemia proteins promote the four Rs: Replication, recombination, repair, and recovery SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE DNA replication fork; chromosomal breakage; homologous recombination; translesion synthesis; DNA crosslinks; oxidative damage ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; INTERSTRAND CROSS-LINKS; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; GROUP-C PROTEIN; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP; S-PHASE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; TARGETED DISRUPTION; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS AB The genetically complex disease Fanconi anemia (FA) comprises cancer predisposition, developmental defects, and bone marrow failure due to elevated apoptosis. The FA cellular phenotype includes universal sensitivity to DNA crosslinking damage, symptoms of oxidative stress, and reduced mutability at the X-linked HPRT gene. In this review article, we present a new heuristic molecular model that accommodates these varied features of FA cells. In our view, the FANCA, -C, and -G proteins, which are both cytoplasmic and nuclear, have an integrated dual role in which they sense and convey information about cytoplasmic oxidative stress to the nucleus, where they participate in the further assembly and functionality of the nuclear core complex (NCCFA = FANCA/B/C/E/F/G/L). In turn, NCCFA facilitates DNA replication at sites of base damage and strand breaks by performing the critical monoubiquitination of FANCD2, an event that somehow helps stabilize blocked and broken replication forks. This stabilization facilitates two kinds of processes: translesion synthesis at sites of blocking lesions (e.g., oxidative base damage), which produces point mutations by error-prone polymerases, and homologous recombination-mediated restart of broken forks, which arise spontaneously and when crosslinks are unhooked by the ERCC1-XPF endonuclease. In the absence of the critical FANCD2 monoubiquitination step, broken replication forks further lose chromatid continuity by collapsing into a configuration that is more difficult to restart through recombination and prone to aberrant repair through nonhomologous end joining. Thus, the FA regulatory pathway promotes chromosome integrity by monitoring oxidative stress and coping efficiently with the accompanying oxidative DNA damage during DNA replication. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 45:128-142, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L441,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM thompson14@llnl.gov RI Jones, Nigel/D-1997-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA89405] NR 141 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 128 EP 142 DI 10.1002/em.20109 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 914XX UT WOS:000228262500005 PM 15668941 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Cofield, J Matsumoto, K Ramsey, MJ Freeman, DC AF Tucker, JD Cofield, J Matsumoto, K Ramsey, MJ Freeman, DC TI Persistence of chromosome aberrations following acute radiation: I, PAINT translocations, dicentrics, rings, fragments, and insertions SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE chromosome aberrations; translocation persistence; ionizing radiation; human; chromosome painting ID RETROSPECTIVE BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; INDUCED CELL DEATH; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; MUTAGEN SENSITIVITY; FISH TRANSLOCATIONS; BONE-MARROW; EXPOSURE; CANCER AB Chromosome translocations are used to estimate the doses of radiation received following occupational or accidental exposure. Biodosimetry relies on the assumption that translocations are not cell-lethal and persist with little or no loss over time. While translocations do exhibit substantially greater persistence than other aberration types (e.g., dicentrics), there is evidence that translocation frequencies also decline over time, at least following acute doses above 1 Gy. To the extent that translocation frequencies decline, the predicted absorbed doses will be underestimated. Yet unknown is whether translocations induced by ionizing radiation at doses below I Gy also show significant declines. Here we rep. art on the persistence of translocations induced by Cs-137 gamma-rays at acute doses ranging from 0.2 to 4 Gy using peripheral blood lymphocytes from two unrelated healthy male donors. Chromosome aberrations were evaluated by simultaneously painting chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 in red and 3, 5, and 6 in green in cells harvested 2-7 days following exposure and were scored using the PAINT system. Translocations were also enumerated using several other methods and these results are reported separately by us in this issue. For comparison, the persistence of dicentrics, rings, acentric fragments, and color junctions was also evaluated and showed rapid losses with time. The results from both donors provide evidence that translocation frequencies decline with time in a statistically significant manner at doses as low as 0.2-0.3 Gy. The frequency of translocations for all dose groups declined from day 2 to 7 by averages of 39% and 26% for donors 1 and 2, respectively. These data emphasize the importance of considering translocation loss in biological dosimetry long times after exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 45:229-248, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Inst Environm Toxicol, Div Toxicol, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM jtucker@biology.biosci.wayne.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA59431] NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 229 EP 248 DI 10.1002/em.20090 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 914XX UT WOS:000228262500014 PM 15657915 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Cofield, J Matsumoto, K Ramsey, MJ Freeman, DC AF Tucker, JD Cofield, J Matsumoto, K Ramsey, MJ Freeman, DC TI Persistence of chromosome aberrations following acute radiation: II, does it matter how translocations are scored? SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE chromosome translocations; persistence; ionizing radiation; human; chromosome painting ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; IONIZING-RADIATION; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; INCOMPLETE EXCHANGES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; VITRO; EXPOSURE; VALIDATION AB Chromosome breaks and rearrangements resulting from ionizing radiation can be much more complicated than many investigators thought possible some years ago. The realization that not all translocations are reciprocal, that multiway exchanges occur, and that some double-strand breaks are not repaired prior to mitosis have all contributed to the difficulty of knowing how best to identify, record, evaluate, and report chromosome translocations. Here we describe the results of a series of experiments in which blood from two normal healthy subjects was obtained, irradiated with Cs-137 gamma-rays in vitro at doses ranging from 0 (controls) to 4 Gy, and cultured. Cells from each dose group and donor were harvested at days 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, and 7 and evaluated for chromosome damage by simultaneously painting chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 in red and 3, 5, and 6 in green. The persistence of dicentrics, fragments, rings, insertions, and PAINT translocations are reported separately by us in this issue. In this article, we focus on translocations, characterizing the various types in detail and comparing and contrasting their persistence across all dose groups for both donors. The results indicate that the persistence of all translocation types was sufficient to be used for retrospective dosimetry, although nonreciprocal translocations exhibited diminished persistence compared to the other types. We also characterize the kinetics of the radiation dose responses of the two donors who exhibited significant differences in the induction as well as the persistence of translocations. Based on the evidence presented here, we hypothesize that these individuals differ in the recognition and repair of radiation-induced damage as well as in cell cycle checkpoint control. Despite these differences, the temporal frequency of translocation losses at both the high and low doses was similar for both subjects. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 45:249-257, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Inst Environm Toxicol, Div Toxicol, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM jtucker@biology.biosci.wayne.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA59431] NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1002/em.20089 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 914XX UT WOS:000228262500015 PM 15657913 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Schmid, TE Marchetti, F AF Wyrobek, AJ Schmid, TE Marchetti, F TI Cross-species sperm-FISH assays for chemical testing and assessing paternal risk for chromosomally abnormal pregnancies SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE aneuploicly; chromosomal structural aberrations; sperm; fluorescent in situ hybridization ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MOUSE GERM-CELLS; MULTICOLOR FISH; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; HEALTHY-MEN; INDUCED ANEUPLOIDY; DIPLOID SPERM; INFERTILE MEN; CHEMOTHERAPY AB The father, like the mother, can transmit genetic defects to his offspring that are detrimental for normal development and a healthy life. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between several paternal exposures and abnormal reproductive outcomes, but these types of studies are inherently complex and expensive, and the risk factors for the paternal contribution to abnormal reproductive outcomes remain poorly understood. Several sensitive methods have been developed for detecting mutations and chromosomal damage directly in sperm. These assays are potential bioindicators for paternal risk factors for infertility, spontaneous abortions, aneuploidy syndromes, and genetic diseases in children. Among these methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been adapted for the detection of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in the sperm of an expanding number of species, including humans and rodents. Sperm FISH has identified several potential paternal risk factors such as age, drugs, lifestyles, and various environmental/ occupational exposures. Here, we summarize the status of the development and usage of these sperm-FISH assays and suggest strategies for prioritizing chemical agents for epidemiological investigations to assess paternal risk for abnormal reproductive outcome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 45:271-283, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, POB 808,L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wyrobek1@llnl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 09117-03, Y1 ES 8016-5] NR 69 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2-3 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1002/em.20121 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 914XX UT WOS:000228262500017 PM 15754381 ER PT J AU Gilbert, RO Pulsipher, BA AF Gilbert, RO Pulsipher, BA TI Role of sampling designs in obtaining representative data SO ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS LA English DT Article DE statistical designs; representative data; conceptual site model; data quality objectives; systematic planning AB Representative environmental data are necessary to make defensible environmental decisions. Representative data can be obtained using unbiased sampling designs developed in the context of the project to achieve sampling objectives with required confidence and minimal cost. This article stresses the importance of systematic planning and an adequate conceptual site model to develop an appropriate sampling design. Various sampling designs are discussed and examples are used to illustrate sampling designs for various sampling objectives. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Gilbert, RO (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 6 Clemson Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM ro.gilbert@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1527-5922 J9 ENVIRON FORENSICS JI Environ. Forensics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1080/15275920590913895 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910SL UT WOS:000227952400008 ER PT J AU Hepple, RP Benson, SM AF Hepple, RP Benson, SM TI Geologic storage of carbon dioxide as a climate change mitigation strategy: performance requirements and the implications of surface seepage SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; carbon storage; performance requirements; mitigation; leakage and seepage AB The probability that storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep geologic formations will become an important climate change mitigation strategy depends on a number of factors, namely (1) public acceptance, (2) the cost of geologic storage compared to other climate change mitigation options, and (3) the availability, capacity, and location of suitable sites. Whether or not a site is suitable will be determined by establishing that it can meet a set of performance requirements for safe and effective geologic storage. To date, no such performance requirements have been developed. Establishing effective requirements must start with an evaluation of how much CO2 might be stored and for how long the CO2 must remain underground to meet goals for controlling atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Answers to these questions provide a context for setting performance requirements for geologic storage projects. According to the results presented here, geologic storage could be an effective method to ease the transition away from a fossil-fuel based economy over the next several centuries, even if large amounts of CO2 are stored and some small fraction seeps from storage reservoirs back into the atmosphere. An annual seepage rate of 0.01% or 10(-4)/year would ensure the effectiveness of geologic carbon storage for any of the projected sequestration scenarios explored herein, even those with the largest amounts of storage (1,000 s of gigatonnes of carbon-GtC), and still provide some safety margin. Storing smaller amounts of carbon (10 s to 100 s of GtC) may allow for a slightly higher seepage rate on the order of 0.1% or 10(-3)/year. Based on both the large capacity of geologic storage formation and the likelihood of achieving leakage rates much lower than the rates estimated here, geologic storage appears to be a promising mitigation strategy. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benson, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smbenson@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 576 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s00254-004-1181-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 896ZD UT WOS:000226972400013 ER PT J AU Edenborn, HM AF Edenborn, HM TI Rapid detection of bioavailable heavy metals in sediment porewaters using acid-volatile sulfide gel probes SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FeS; MnS; AVS; Youghiogheny River; Toxicity ID FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; WETLAND SEDIMENT; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; DIFFUSION METHOD; ACUTE TOXICITY; TRACE-METALS; COPPER; LAKE; CADMIUM; AVS AB The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) pool in anoxic sediments is believed to play an important role in the sequestration of heavy metals, forming less soluble mineral sulfides via replacement and coprecipitation reactions. In this study, novel sediment gel probes containing immobilized FeS or MnS particles were evaluated for their ability to concentrate and detect reactive heavy metals in solution. MnS-containing gels were more effective than FeS gels at concentrating most metals in solution external to the gels, but they were more difficult to prepare and use. Copper reacted with FeS in gel probes to form one or more secondary sulfide minerals insoluble in 1 N HCl. The pixel density of digital images of these gels was highly correlated with the concentration of copper in gels and total copper in solution, suggesting a method for rapid screening of bioavailable heavy metals. Copper added to Youghiogheny River (PA, USA) sediments could be detected using this approach. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Edenborn, HM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Mail Stop 84-108,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM edenborn@netl.doe.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 5 BP 660 EP 669 DI 10.1007/s00254-004-1194-x PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 905IE UT WOS:000227561000008 ER PT J AU Nurmi, JT Tratnyek, PG Sarathy, V Baer, DR Amonette, JE Pecher, K Wang, CM Linehan, JC Matson, DW Penn, RL Driessen, MD AF Nurmi, JT Tratnyek, PG Sarathy, V Baer, DR Amonette, JE Pecher, K Wang, CM Linehan, JC Matson, DW Penn, RL Driessen, MD TI Characterization and properties of metallic iron nanoparticles: Spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and kinetics SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE REDUCTION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ZEROVALENT IRON; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GRANULAR IRON; NANOSCALE; PARTICLES AB There are reports that nano-sized zero-valent iron (Fe-0) exhibits greater reactivity than micro-sized particles of Fe-0, and it has been suggested that the higher reactivity of nano-Fe-0 may impart advantages for groundwater remediation or other environmental applications. However, most of these reports are preliminary in that they leave a host of potentially significant (and often challenging) material or process variables either uncontrolled or unresolved. In an effort to better understand the reactivity of nano-Fe-0, we have used a variety of complementary techniques to characterize two widely studied nano-Fe-0 preparations: one synthesized by reduction of goethite with heat and H-2 (Fe-H2) and the other by reductive precipitation with borohydride (Fe BH). Fe H2 is a two-phase material consisting of 40 nm alpha-Fe-0 (made up of crystals approximately the size of the particles) and Fe3O4 particles of similar size or larger containing reduced sulfur; whereas Fe-BH is Mostly 20-80 nm metallic Fe particles (aggregates of < 1.5 nm grains) with an oxide shell/coating that is high in oxidized boron. The FeBH particles further aggregate into chains. Both materials exhibit corrosion potentials that are more negative than nano-sized Fe2O3, Fe3O4, micro-sized Fell, or a solid Fe-0 disk, which is consistent with their rapid reduction of oxygen, benzoquinone, and carbon tetrachloride. Benzoquinone-which presumably probes inner-sphere surface reactions-reacts more rapidly with Fe EIH than Fe-H2, whereas carbon tetrachloride reacts at similar rates with Fe BH and Fe-H2, presumably by outer-sphere electron transfer. Both types of nano-Fe-0 react more rapidly than mic rosized Fe-0 based on mass-normalized rate constants, but surface area-normalized rate constants do not show a significant nano-size effect. The distribution of products from reduction of carbon tetrachloride is more favorable with Fe-H2, which produces less chloroform than reaction with Fe-BH. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Portland, OR 97006 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Tratnyek, PG (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Portland, OR 97006 USA. EM tratnyek@ebs.ogi.edu RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 69 TC 506 Z9 529 U1 62 U2 479 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1221 EP 1230 DI 10.1021/es049190u PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901BG UT WOS:000227257400014 PM 15787360 ER PT J AU Fryxell, GE Lin, YH Fiskum, S Birnbaum, JC Wu, H Kemner, K Kelly, S AF Fryxell, GE Lin, YH Fiskum, S Birnbaum, JC Wu, H Kemner, K Kelly, S TI Actinide sequestration using self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; N-ALKYLPHENOTHIAZINES; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; POLYOXOMETALATE CLUSTERS; MICROPOROUS MATERIALS; INTERFACIAL REACTIONS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; CO-CONDENSATION; METAL-IONS; SILICA AB Surfactant templated synthesis of mesoporous ceramics provides a versatile foundation upon which to create high efficiency environmental sorbents. These nanoporous ceramic oxides condense a huge amount of surface area into a very small volume. The ceramic oxide interface is receptive to surface functionalization through molecular selfassembly. The marriage of mesoporous ceramics with selfassembled monolayer chemistry creates a powerful new class of environmental sorbent materials called selfassembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS). These SAMMS materials are highly efficient sorbents whose interfacial chemistry can be fine-tuned to selectively sequester a specific target species, such as heavy metals, tetrahedral oxometalate anions, and radionuclides. Details addressing the design, synthesis, and characterization of SAMMS materials specifically designed to sequester actinides, of central importance to the environmental cleanup necessary after 40 years of weapons-grade plutonium production, as well as evaluation of their binding affinities and kinetics are presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Synt & Modificat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Synt & Modificat Grp, POB 999,Mailstop K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; NR 56 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 9 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1331 DI 10.1021/es049201j PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901BG UT WOS:000227257400027 PM 15787373 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Fiskum, SK Yantasee, W Wu, H Mattigod, SV Vorpagel, E Fryxell, GE Raymond, KN Xu, JD AF Lin, YH Fiskum, SK Yantasee, W Wu, H Mattigod, SV Vorpagel, E Fryxell, GE Raymond, KN Xu, JD TI Incorporation of hydroxypyridinone ligands into self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports for selective actinide sequestration SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUESTERING AGENTS; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; THORIUM(IV) COMPLEXES; INITIAL EVALUATION; PLUTONIUM(IV); ADSORPTION; SILICA; 4-CARBAMOYL-3-HYDROXY-1-METHYL-2(1H)-PYRIDINONE; EXTRACTION; CHELATION AB In this study, three isomers of hydroxypyridinones (1,2HOPO, 3,2-HOPO, and 3,4-HOPO) were attached to selfassembled monolayers on mesoporous silica (SAMMS). The HOPO-SAMMS materials have superior solid adsorbents properties: they do not suffer from solvent swelling; their rigid, open pore structure allows rapid sorption kinetics; their extremely high surface area enables the installation of high functional density; and being silica-based, they are compatible with vitrification into a final vitreous waste form. Kinetics, equilibrium, and selectivity of the adsorptions of actinide on the HOPO-SAMMS at various pH values and in the presence of other metal cations, anions, and competing ligands are reported. Rapid sequestration of U(VI), Np(V), and Pu(IV) was observed. Very little competition from transition metal cations and common species was observed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 37 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1332 EP 1337 DI 10.1021/es049169t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 901BG UT WOS:000227257400028 PM 15787374 ER PT J AU Hershberger, KL Kurian, J Korber, BT Letvin, NL AF Hershberger, KL Kurian, J Korber, BT Letvin, NL TI Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) of the African-origin sabaeus monkey: evidence for recombination events in the evolution of KIR SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NK receptor; KIR; non-human primate; recombination; molecular evolution ID IG-LIKE RECEPTORS; INHIBITORY RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HLA-C; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; RHESUS-MONKEY; CUTTING EDGE; DOMAINS; BINDING AB Killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) were characterized in the West African sabaeus monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) to elucidate the mechanism by which diversity evolves in this family of molecules. Complementary DNA encoding four forms of KIR molecules, including KIR3DL, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5, and KIR3DH forms, were identified in two unrelated sabaeus monkeys. A novel hybrid form showing features found in both KIR2DL5 and KIR3DH was also identified. Both the KIR3DL and KIR3DH forms from the sabaeus monkey were considerably more polymorphic than any KIR form identified in great apes or humans. The polymorphic residues of the three Ig-like domains were frequently located in structural loops, indicating that point mutations have occurred in these regions. The three Ig-like domains of the KIR3D forms of six primate species were found to have different patterns of clustering in phylogenetic trees, suggesting that each Ig-like domain has a distinct phylogenetic history. This variation in relationships suggests that repeated recombination events have occurred between the Ig-like domains during the evolution of the KIR family in primates. Recombination between individual Ig-like domains, in addition to point mutations, provides a mechanism for generating the diversity of the KIR genes. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogens,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Letvin, NL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogens,Dept Med, 41 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM nletvin@bidmc.harvard.edu OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 922 EP 935 DI 10.1002/eji.200425408 PG 14 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 906II UT WOS:000227633900027 PM 15714591 ER PT J AU Cwiok, S Dudek, W Kaszynski, P Nazarewicz, W AF Cwiok, S Dudek, W Kaszynski, P Nazarewicz, W TI Shell energy in the heaviest nuclei using the Green's function oscillator expansion method SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID FINITE DEPTH POTENTIALS; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; FISSION-BARRIERS; DECAY PROPERTIES; CONTINUUM; HEAVY; ISOTOPES; ELEMENTS; MASSES AB The Green's function oscillator expansion method and the generalized Strutinsky smoothing procedure are applied to shell corrections in the heaviest elements. A macroscopic-microscopic method with a finite deformed Woods-Saxon potential is used. The stability condition for the shell correction is discussed in detail and the parameters defining the smoothing procedure are carefully determined. It is demonstrated that the spurious contribution to the total binding energy due to the unphysical particle gas that appears in the standard method can be as large as 1.5 MeV for weakly bound neutron-rich superheavy nuclei, but the effect on energy differences (e.g., alpha-decay values) is fairly small. C1 Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Cwiok, S (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys, Ul Koszykowa 75, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. EM wanda@if.pw.edu.pl NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10111-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 904CG UT WOS:000227473100002 ER PT J AU Olness, F Pumplin, J Stump, D Huston, J Nadolsky, P Lai, HL Kretzer, S Owens, JF Tung, WK AF Olness, F Pumplin, J Stump, D Huston, J Nadolsky, P Lai, HL Kretzer, S Owens, JF Tung, WK TI Neutrino dimuon production and the strangeness asymmetry of the nucleon SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies CY AUG 11-16, 2003 CL Batavia, IL SP Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; OPPOSITE-SIGN DIMUONS; QUARK-ANTIQUARK ASYMMETRY; ORDER QCD ANALYSIS; CHARM PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH-ENERGY; SEA AB We have performed the first global QCD analysis to include the CCFR and NuTeV dimuon data, which provide direct constraints on the strange and antistrange parton distributions, s(x) and (s) over bar (x). To explore the strangeness sector, we adopt a general parametrization of the non-perturbative s( x), (s) over bar (x) functions satisfying basic QCD requirements. We find that the strangeness asymmetry, as represented by the momentum integral [S-] integral(1)(0) x[s(x)-(s) over bar (x)]dx, is sensitive to the dimuon data provided the theoretical QCD constraints are enforced. We use the Lagrange multiplier method to probe the quality of the global fit as a function of [S-] and find -0.001 < [ S-] < 0.004. Representative parton distribution sets spanning this range are given. Comparisons with previous work are made. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Taipei Municipal Teachers Coll, Taipei, Taiwan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, BNL,Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Olness, F (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-02099-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 953YX UT WOS:000231122400001 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E AF Ben-Naim, E TI Opinion dynamics: Rise and fall of political parties SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS; MODEL AB We analyze the evolution of political organizations using a model in which agents change their opinions via two competing mechanisms. Two agents may interact and reach consensus, and additionally, individual agents may spontaneously change their opinions by a random, diffusive process. We find three distinct possibilities. For strong diffusion, the distribution of opinions is uniform and no political organizations (parties) are formed. For weak diffusion, parties do form and furthermore, the political landscape continually evolves as small parties merge into larger ones. Without diffusion, a pattern develops: parties have the same size and they possess equal niches. These phenomena are analyzed using pattern formation and scaling techniques. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10421-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 906TB UT WOS:000227665100001 ER PT J AU Suo-Anttila, J Gill, W Gritzo, L Blake, D AF Suo-Anttila, J Gill, W Gritzo, L Blake, D TI An evaluation of actual and simulated smoke properties SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE simulated smoke properties; aircraft cargo compartment; actual smoke; smoke detection; fire ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOOT AB Federal regulations require that aircraft cargo compartment smoke detection systems be certified by testing their operation in flight. For safety reasons, only simulated smoke sources are permitted in these certification tests. To provide insight into smoke detection certification in cargo compartments, this research investigates the morphology, transport and optical properties of actual and simulated smoke sources. Experimental data show the morphology of the particulate in smoke from flaming fires is considerably different from simulated smoke. Although the detection of smoldering fires is important as well, only a qualitative assessment and comparison of smoldering sources was possible; therefore, efforts were concentrated on the quantitative comparison of smoke from flaming fires and smoke generators. The particulate for all three different flaming fires was solid with similar morphological properties. Simulated smoke was composed of relatively large liquid droplets, and considerably different size droplets can be produced using a single machine. Transport behavior modeling showed that both the actual and simulated smoke particulates are sufficiently small to follow the overall gas flow. However, actual smoke transport will be buoyancy driven due to the increased temperature, while the simulated smoke temperature is typically low and the release may be momentum driven. The morphology of the actual and simulated smoke were then used to calculate their optical properties. In contrast to the actual smoke from a flaming fire, which is dominated by absorption, all of the extinction for the simulated smoke is due to scattering. This difference could have an impact on detection criteria and hence the alarm time for photoelectic smoke detectors since they alarm based on the scattering properties of the smoke. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FAA Tech Ctr, Atlantic, NJ 08405 USA. RP Suo-Anttila, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmsuoan@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 91 EP 107 DI 10.1002/fam.875 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 916ZO UT WOS:000228425700003 ER PT J AU Voigt, CA Wolf, DM Arkin, AP AF Voigt, CA Wolf, DM Arkin, AP TI The Bacillus subtilis sin operon: An evolvable network motif SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE REGULATOR SPO0A; COLI RNA-POLYMERASE; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; IN-VITRO; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENETIC NETWORKS; SPORULATION; INITIATION AB The strategy of combining genes from a regulatory protein and its antagonist within the same operon, but controlling their activities differentially, can lead to diverse regulatory functions. This protein-antagonist motif is ubiquitous and present in evolutionarily unrelated regulatory pathways. Using the sin operon from the Bacillus subtilis sporulation pathway as a model system, we built a theoretical model, parameterized it using data from the literature, and used bifurcation analyses to determine the circuit functions it could encode. The model demonstrated that this motif can generate a bistable switch with tunable control over the switching threshold and the degree of population heterogeneity. Further, the model predicted that a small perturbation of a single critical parameter can bias this architecture into functioning like a graded response, a bistable switch, an oscillator, or a pulse generator. By mapping the parameters of the model to specific DNA regions and comparing the genomic sequences of Bacillus species, we showed that phylogenetic variation tends to occur in those regions that tune the switch threshold without disturbing the circuit function. The dynamical plasticity of the protein-antagonist operon motif suggests that it is an evolutionarily convergent design selected not only for particular immediate function but also for its evolvability. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Voigt, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Box 2280,600 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. EM cavoigt@picasso.ucsf.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 84 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 169 IS 3 BP 1187 EP 1202 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 917HD UT WOS:000228450800002 PM 15466432 ER PT J AU Ryser, AL Strawn, DG Marcus, MA Johnson-Maynard, JL Gunter, ME Moller, G AF Ryser, AL Strawn, DG Marcus, MA Johnson-Maynard, JL Gunter, ME Moller, G TI Micro-spectroscopic investigation of selenium-bearing minerals from the Western US Phosphate Resource Area SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; PHOSPHORIA FORMATION; EDGE STRUCTURE; PYRITIC SHALE; SPECIATION; XANES; SEDIMENTS; SPECTRA; SULFUR; FES2 AB Mining activities in the US Western Phosphate Resource Area (WPRA) have released Se into the environment. Selenium has several different oxidation states and species, each having varying degrees of solubility, reactivity, and bioavailability. In this study we are investigating the speciation of Se in mine-waste rocks. Selenium speciation was determined using bulk and micro-x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), as well as micro-x-ray fluorescence mapping. Rocks used for bulk-XAS were ground into fine powders. Shale used for micro-XAS was broken along depositional planes to expose unweathered surfaces. The near edge region of the XAS spectra (XANES) for the bulk rock samples revealed multiple oxidation states, with peaks indicative of Se(-II), Se(IV), and Se(+VI) species. Micro-XANES analysis of the shale indicated that three unique Se-bearing species were present. Using the XANES data together with ab initio fitting of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure region of the micro-XAS data (micro-EXAFS) the three Se-bearing species were identified as dzharkenite, a di-selenide carbon compound, and Se-substituted pyrite. Results from this research will allow for a better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of Se in the WPRA. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ryser, AL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM dgstrawn@uidaho.edu RI Moller, Gregory/B-1706-2008; Strawn, Daniel/B-6936-2012; Johnson-Maynard, Jodi/E-9518-2013 NR 46 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1063/1.1852751 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 924PP UT WOS:000228991200001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Gil, G Amonette, JE Romine, MF Gorby, YA Geesey, GG AF Gonzalez-Gil, G Amonette, JE Romine, MF Gorby, YA Geesey, GG TI Bioreduction of natural specular hematite under flow conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DISSIMILATORY FE(III) REDUCTION; CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; BACTERIUM SHEWANELLA-ALGA; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; IRON-OXIDES; DISSOLUTION; MINERALS; BIOMINERALIZATION AB Dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was evaluated using natural specular hematite as sole electron acceptor in an open system under dynamic flow conditions to obtain a better understanding of biologic Fe(III) reduction in the natural environment. During initial exposure to hematite under advective flow conditions, cells exhibited a transient association with the mineral characterized by a rapid rate of attachment followed by a comparable rate of detachment before entering a phase of surface colonization that was slower but steadier than that observed initially. Accumulation of cells on the hematite surface was accompanied by the release of soluble Fe(II) into the aqueous phase when no precautions were taken to remove amorphous Fe(III) from the mineral surface before colonization. During the period of surface colonization following the detachment phase, cell yield was estimated at 1.5-4 x 10(7) cells/mu mol Fe(II) produced, which is similar to that reported in studies conducted in closed systems. This yield does not take into account those cells that detached during this phase or the Fe(II) that remained associated with the hematite surface. Hematite reduction by the bacterium led to localized surface pitting and localized discrete areas where Fe (II) precipitation occurred. The cleavage plane of hematite left behind after bacterial reduction, as revealed by our results, strongly suggests, that heterogeneous energetics of the mineral surface play a strong role in this bioprocess. AQDS, an electron shuttle shown to stimulate bioreduction of Fe(III) in other studies, inhibited reduction of hematite by this bacterium under the dynamic flow conditions employed in the current study. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gonzalez-Gil, G (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, Grabenstr 3, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. EM gonzalez-gil@env.ethz.ch NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1145 EP 1155 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.014 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 906KF UT WOS:000227638900005 ER PT J AU Isaure, MP Manceau, A Geoffroy, N Laboudigue, A Tamura, N Marcus, MA AF Isaure, MP Manceau, A Geoffroy, N Laboudigue, A Tamura, N Marcus, MA TI Zinc mobility and speciation in soil covered by contaminated dredged sediment using micrometer-scale and bulk-averaging X-ray fluorescence, absorption and diffraction techniques SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE ZN SPECIATION; METAL SORBED BIRNESSITE; NA-RICH BIRNESSITE; NAVAL-AIR-STATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZED EXAFS; DIOCTAHEDRAL SMECTITES; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION AB The mobility and solid-state speciation of zinc in a pseudogley soil (pH = 8.2-8.3) before and after contamination by land-disposition of a dredged sediment ([Zn] = 6600 mg kg(-1)) affected by smelter operations were studied in a 50 m(2) pilot-scale test site and the laboratory using state-of-the-art synchrotron-based techniques. Sediment disposition on land caused the migration of micrometer- sized, smelter-related, sphalerite (ZnS) and franklinite (ZnFe2O4) grains and dissolved Zn from the sediment downwards to a soil depth of 20 cm, over a period of 18 months. Gravitational movement of fine-grained metal contaminants probably occurred continuously, while peaks of Zn leaching were observed in the summer when the oxidative dissolution of ZnS was favored by non-flooding conditions. The Zn concentration in the < 50 mu m soil fraction increased from similar to 61 ppm to similar to 94 ppm in the first 12 months at 0-10 cm depth, and to similar to 269 ppm in the first 15 months following the sediment deposition. Higher Zn concentrations and enrichments were observed in the fine (< 2 mu m) and very fine (< 0.2 mu m) fractions after 15 months (480 mg kg(-1) and 1000 mg kg(-1), respectively), compared to 200 mg kg(-1) in the < 2 mu m fraction of the initial soil. In total, 1.2% of the Zn initially present in the sediment was released to the environment after 15 months, representing an integrated quantity of similar to 4 kg Zn over an area of 50 m(2). Microfocused X-ray fluorescence (XRF), diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy techniques were used to image chemical associations of Zn with Fe and Mn, and to identify mineral and Zn species in selected points-of-interest in the uncontaminated and contaminated soil. Bulk average powder EXAFS spectroscopy was used to quantify the proportion of each Zn species in the soil. In the uncontaminated soil, Zn is largely speciated as Zn-containing phyllosilicate, and to a minor extent as zincochromite (ZnCr2O4), Zn-IV-sorbed turbostratic birnessite (delta-MnO2), and Zn-substituted goethite. In the upper 0-10 cm of the contaminated soil, similar to 60 +/- 10% of total Zn is present as ZnS inherited from the overlying sediment. Poorly-crystalline Zn-sorbed Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and zinciferous phyllosilicate amount to similar to 20-30 +/- 10% each and, therefore, make up most of the remaining Zn. Smaller amounts of franklinite (ZnFe2O4), Zn-bimessite and Zn-goethite were also detected. Further solubilization of the Zn inventory in the sediment, and also remobiliation of Zn from the poorly-crystalline neoformed Fe (oxyhydr)oxide precipitates, are expected over time. This study shows that land deposition of contaminated dredged sediments is a source of Zn for the covered soil and, consequently, presents environmental hazards. Remediation technologies should be devised to either sequester Zn into sparingly soluble crystalline phases, or remove Zn by collecting leachates beneath the sediment. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, Maison Geosci, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Ctr Natl Rech Sites & Sols Pollues, F-59505 Douai, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Manceau, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, Maison Geosci, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM Alain.Manceau@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Laboudigue, Agnes/B-9025-2013; Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012 NR 72 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1198 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.024 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 906KF UT WOS:000227638900008 ER PT J AU Weber, PK Bacon, CR Hutcheon, ID Ingram, BL Wooden, JL AF Weber, PK Bacon, CR Hutcheon, ID Ingram, BL Wooden, JL TI Ion microprobe measurement of strontium isotopes in calcium carbonate with application to salmon otoliths SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FISH OTOLITHS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; RIVER SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; MICROCHEMISTRY; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; GEOCHEMISTRY AB The ion microprobe has the capability to generate high resolution, high precision isotopic measurements, but analysis of the isotopic composition of strontium, as measured by the Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio, has been hindered by isobaric interferences. Here we report the first high precision measurements of Sr-87/Sr-86 by ion microprobe in calcium carbonate samples with moderate Sr concentrations. We use the high mass resolving power (7000 to 9000 M.R.P.) of the SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe in combination with its high transmission to reduce the number of interfering species while maintaining sufficiently high count rates for precise isotopic measurements. The isobaric interferences are characterized by peak modeling and repeated analyses of standards. We demonstrate that by sample-standard bracketing, Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios can be measured in inorganic and biogenic carbonates with Sr concentrations between 400 and 1500 ppm with similar to 2% external precision (2 sigma) for a single analysis, and subpermil external precision with repeated analyses. Explicit correction for isobaric interferences (peak-stripping) is found to be less accurate and precise than sample-standard bracketing. Spatial resolution is similar to 25 mu m laterally and 2 mu m deep for a single analysis, consuming on the order of 2 ng of material. The method is tested on otoliths from salmon to demonstrate its accuracy and utility. In these growth-banded aragonitic structures, one-week temporal resolution can be achieved. The analytical method should be applicable to other calcium carbonate samples with similar Sr concentrations. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Stanford USGS Ion Microprobe Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Weber, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 507 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM weber2l@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.051 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 906KF UT WOS:000227638900011 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Fluid effects on shear waves in finely layered porous media SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA; WEAK ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY; VTI MEDIA; VELOCITIES; CRACKS; ROCKS AB Although there are five effective shear moduli for any layered transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) medium, one and only one effective shear modulus of the layered system (namely, the uniaxial shear) contains all the dependence of pore fluids on the elastic or poroelastic constants that can be observed in vertically polarized shear waves. Pore fluids can increase the magnitude of shear energy stored in this modulus by an amount that ranges from the smallest to the largest effective shear moduli of the VTI system. But since there are five shear moduli in play, the overall increase in shear energy due to fluids is reduced by a factor of about five in general. We can, therefore, give definite bounds on the maximum increase of overall shear modulus - about 20% of the allowed range as liquid is fully substituted for gas. An attendant increase of density (depending on porosity and fluid density) by approximately 5-10% decreases the shear-wave speed and thereby partially offsets the effect of this shear modulus increase. The final result is an increase of shear-wave speed on the order of 5-10%. This increase is shown to be possible under most favorable circumstances, that is, when the shear modulus fluctuations are large (resulting in strong anisotropy) and the medium behaves in an undrained fashion due to fluid trapping. At frequencies higher than seismic (such as sonic and ultrasonic waves for well logging or laboratory experiments), resulting short response times also produce the requisite undrained behavior; therefore, fluids also affect shear waves at high frequencies by increasing rigidity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 70 IS 2 BP N1 EP N15 DI 10.1190/1.1897034 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 915CR UT WOS:000228275700011 ER PT J AU Rice, SF Allendorf, MD Velez, M Almanza, JM AF Rice, SF Allendorf, MD Velez, M Almanza, JM TI Detection of NaOH vapor in glass furnaces using excimer laser photofragmentation spectroscopy SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURES; 193 NM; MELTING FURNACES; FLUORESCENCE; PRESSURE; PHOTOLYSIS; CORROSION; COAL; NACL; GAS AB Corrosion of refractory silica brick and problematic air quality issues surrounding particulate emissions are two important glass manufacturing problem areas that have been tied to volatilized sodium and its transport throughout the melt tank. Although there is some understanding of the relationship between tank operating conditions and tank atmosphere sodium levels, until recently direct quantitative measurements of sodium levels have been limited to extractive sampling methods followed by laboratory analysis. Excimer laser induced fragmentation (ELIF) fluorescence spectroscopy is a technique that permits the measurement of volatilized NaOH in high temperature environments on a time scale of less than one second. The development of this method and the construction of field portable instrumentation for glass furnace applications are reported. Characteristics of the method are outlined, including equipment configuration, detection sensitivity, and calibration methodology. Results from a small batch furnace and two commercial float glass furnaces are used to show the potential impact and the existing limitations of the ELIF approach for real time NaOH vapor monitoring. This method is shown to be effective in industrial settings and presents an approach to optimize burner settings. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Rice, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sfrice@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOL JI Glass Sci. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 78 IS 2 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 930OQ UT WOS:000229426200001 ER PT J AU Watson, DB Doll, WE Gamey, TJ Sheehan, JR Jardine, PM AF Watson, DB Doll, WE Gamey, TJ Sheehan, JR Jardine, PM TI Plume and lithologic profiling with surface resistivity and seismic tomography SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Improved surface-based geophysical technologies that are commercially available provide a new level of detail that can be used to guide ground water reinediation. Surface-based multielectrode resistivity methods and tomographic seismic refraction techniques were used to image to a depth of similar to 30 m below the surface at the Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research Field Research Center. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the research center on the DOE Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to conduct in situ field-scale studies on bioremediation of metals and radionuclides. Bioremediation studies are being conducted on the saprolite, shale bedrock, and ground water at the site that have been contaminated with nitrate, uranium, technetium, tetrachloroethylene, and other contaminants (U.S. DOE 1997). Geophysical methods were effective in imaging the high-ionic strength plume and in defining the transition zone between saprolite and bedrock zones that appears to have a significant influence on contaminant transport. The geophysical data were used to help select the location and depth of investigation for field research plots. Drilling, borehole geophysics, and ground water sampling were used to verify the surface geophysical studies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Watson, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM watsondb@ornl.gov RI Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0017.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 908ZI UT WOS:000227828300005 PM 15819938 ER PT J AU Jones, NL Walker, JR Carle, SF AF Jones, NL Walker, JR Carle, SF TI Hydrogeologic unit flow characterization using transition probability geostatistics SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a technique for applying the transition probability geostatistics method for stochastic simulation to a MODFLOW model. Transition probability geostatistics has some advantages over traditional indicator kriging methods including a simpler and more intuitive framework for interpreting geologic relationships and the ability to simulate juxtapositional tendencies such as fining upward sequences. The indicator arrays generated by the transition probability simulation are converted to layer elevation and thickness arrays for use with the new Hydrogeologic Unit Flow package in MODFLOW 2000. This makes it possible to preserve complex heterogeneity while using reasonably sized grids and/or grids with nonuniform cell thicknesses. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Keller Associates, Meridian, ID 83642 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jones, NL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Environm Modeling Res Lab, 242 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM njones@et.byu.edu; jwalker@kellerassociates.com; carle1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 2 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.0007.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 908ZI UT WOS:000227828300018 PM 15819951 ER PT J AU Boerner, AJ Kathren, RL AF Boerner, AJ Kathren, RL TI The Health Physics Society: A 50-year chronology SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE historical profiles; Health Physics Society; reviews; education; health physics ID RADIATION PROTECTION; STANDARDS; HISTORY AB In 2005, the Health Physics Society celebrates its 50th anniversary. During its half century of existence, the Society has evolved from a small group of operationally oriented radiation protection scientists into an organization of several thousand with a recognized and respected peer reviewed journal. The bold decision to form an organization devoted to radiation safety in the United States spurred the formation of such societies in other countries and led to the formation of an international confederation of national societies, which has facilitated scientific communication and exchange worldwide. It also led to the formation of a separate body for the certification of health physicists, which in turn has grown into an academy with more than 1,000 members, and was instrumental in providing basic information establishing the need for a registry of radiation protection technologists. C1 ORISE, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boerner, AJ (reprint author), ORISE, POB 117,MS-19, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM boernera@orau.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 193 EP 213 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 898CR UT WOS:000227054100001 PM 15706140 ER PT J AU Loeppky, JA Roach, RC Maes, D Hinghofer-Szalkay, H Roessler, A Gates, L Fletcher, ER Icenogle, MV AF Loeppky, JA Roach, RC Maes, D Hinghofer-Szalkay, H Roessler, A Gates, L Fletcher, ER Icenogle, MV TI Role of hypobaria in fluid balance response to hypoxia SO HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINE & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Hypoxia Symposium CY FEB 23-27, 2005 CL Lake Louise, CANADA DE acute mountain sickness (AMS); aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone; fluid balance; hypobaria; hypoxia; osmolar clearance; plasma electrolytes; plasma renin ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; HIGH-ALTITUDE; NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA; SIMULATED ALTITUDE; IN-VIVO; ALDOSTERONE; OXYGEN; DECOMPRESSION; VENTILATION; PRESSURE AB To estimate the separate and combined effects of reduced P(B) and 02 levels on body fluid balance and regulating hormones, measurements were made during reduced P(B) (altitude, ALT; P(B) = 432 mm Hg, F(IO2) = 0.207), reduced inspired O(2) concentration (normobaric hypoxia, HYX; P(B) = 614 mm. Hg, F(IO2) = 0.142), and lowered ambient pressure without hypoxia (normoxic hypobaria HYB; P(B) = 434 mm Hg, F(IO2) = 0.296). Nine fit and healthy young men were exposed to these conditions for 10 h in a decompression chamber. Lake Louise AMS scores, urine collections, and blood samples were obtained every 3 h, with recovery measurements 2 h after exposure. AMS was significantly greater during ALT than HYX, as previously reported (J. Appl. Physiol. 81:1908-1910. 1996), because the combination of reduced P(B) and P(O2) over the 10 h favored fluid retention by reducing urine volume, while plasma volume (PV) remained higher than during HYX At ALT the plasma Na(+) fell significantly at 6 h, probably from dilution of extracellular fluid, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was highest (p = 0.006 versus HYB). The PV, urine flow, free water clearance, and plasma renin activity (PRA) rose significantly during recovery from ALT as AMS symptoms subsided, suggesting increased intravascular fluid and reduced adrenergic tone. During HYB, the plasma aldosterone (ALDO) and K(+) levels were significantly elevated, and PRA was highest and ADH lowest, without fluid retention. During HYX, fluid balance was similar to HYB, but PV and ALDO were significantly lower, and ALDO increased significantly in recovery from HYX The fluid retention at ALT in AMS-susceptible subjects appears related to a synergistic interaction involving reduced P(B) and ADH and ALDO. C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. UCHSC, Colorado Ctr Altitude Med & Physiol, Aurora, CO USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Ctr Diabet, Nashville, TN USA. Inst Adapt & Spaceflight Physiol, Grez, Austria. SED Cent Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Loeppky, JA (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Cardiol Sect, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM Loeppky@unm.edu RI Roessler, Andreas/A-5751-2008 NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1527-0297 J9 HIGH ALT MED BIOL JI High Alt. Med. Biol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 60 EP 71 DI 10.1089/ham.2005.6.60 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 909LZ UT WOS:000227862700007 PM 15772501 ER PT J AU Herron, BJ Rao, C Liu, SM Laprade, L Richardson, JA Olivieri, E Semsarian, C Millar, SE Stubbs, L Beier, DR AF Herron, BJ Rao, C Liu, SM Laprade, L Richardson, JA Olivieri, E Semsarian, C Millar, SE Stubbs, L Beier, DR TI A mutation in NFkB interacting protein 1 results in cardiomyopathy and abnormal skin development in wa3 mice SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; SH3 DOMAINS; WOOLLY HAIR; MOUSE MODEL; PROTEIN; P53; INHIBITOR; DISEASE AB We have identified waved 3 (wa3), a novel recessive mutation that causes abnormalities of the heart and skin. The cardiac defect results in a severe and rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. We identified the gene mutated in these mice, which we call NFkB interacting protein1 (Nkip1), using positional cloning. Nkip1 is expressed in skin, heart and vascular endothelium and shares homology with a small family of proteins that play a role in the regulation of transcription factors. A C-terminal fragment of this protein was previously identified as the RelA associated inhibitor (RAI). We show that the full-length protein is larger than previously described, and we confirm that it interacts with NFkB in vivo. Expression analysis of genes known to be regulated by NFkB revealed that Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam1) expression is consistently elevated in mutant mice. This result suggests that wa3 mutant mice represent a potentially important model for the analysis of the role of inflammatory processes in heart disease. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Genom Inst, Albany, NY USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Beier, DR (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Genet, New Res Bldg,77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM beier@receptor.med.harvard.edu OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR47048] NR 33 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 667 EP 677 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddi063 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 899EY UT WOS:000227128900011 PM 15661756 ER PT J AU Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Clark, MA Cohen, SD Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, LA Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A AF Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Clark, MA Cohen, SD Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, LA Liao, X Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A TI Overview of the QCDSP and QCDOC computers SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LATTICE QCD AB The QCDSP and QCDOC computers are two generations of midtithousand-node multidimensional mesh-based computers designed to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of the strong nuclear force. QCDSP (QCD on digital signal processors). a four-dimensional mesh machine, was completed in 1998; in that year, it won the Gordon Bell prize in the price/performance categorly. Two large installations - of 8,192 and 12,288 nodes, with a combined peak speed of one teraflops-have been in operation since. QCD-on-a-chip (QCDOC) utilizes a sixdimensional mesh and compute nodes fabricated with IBM system-on-a-chip technology. It offers a tenfold impropement in price/performace . Currently 100-node versions are operating, and there are plans to build three 12,288-node, 10-teraflops machines. In this paper, we describe the architecture of both the QCDSP and QCDOC machines, the operating systems employed, the user software environment, and the performance of our application-lattice QCD. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. US Equity Derivat, Citigrp Quantitat Equity Trading, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. UBS Investment Bank, Stamford, CT 06902 USA. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Gluon Capital LLC, New York, NY 10013 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM pab@physics.columbia.edu; chendong@us.ibm.com; nhc@phys.columbia.edu; mike@ph.ed.ac.uk; sdcohen@phys.columbia.edu; calin.cristian@citigroup.com; dong@phys.columbia.edu; alangara@us.ibm.com; bj@ph.ed.ac.uk; chulwoo@phys.columbia.edu; chateau@phys.columbia.edu; llevkova@indiana.edu; sheldon.liao@ubs.com; gfliu@physics.columbia.edu; rdam@physics.columbia.edu; shigemi.ohta@kek.jp; tilo.wettig@physik.uni-regensburg.de; azusa@physics.columbia.edu OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 EI 2151-8556 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAR-MAY PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 351 EP 365 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 925ZP UT WOS:000229092700012 ER PT J AU Almasi, G Archer, C Castanos, JG Gunnels, JA Erway, CC Heidelberger, P Martorell, X Moreira, JE Pinnow, K Ratterman, J Steinmacher-Burow, BD Gropp, W Toonen, B AF Almasi, G Archer, C Castanos, JG Gunnels, JA Erway, CC Heidelberger, P Martorell, X Moreira, JE Pinnow, K Ratterman, J Steinmacher-Burow, BD Gropp, W Toonen, B TI Design and implementation of message-passing services for the Blue Gene/L supercomputer SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB The Blue Gene((R))/L (BG/L) supercomputer, with 65,536 dual-processor compute nodes, was designed from the ground lip to support efficient execution of massivelY parallel message-passing programs. Part of this support is an optimized implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI), which leverages the hardware features of BG/L. MPI for BG/L is implemented on top of a more basic message-passing infrastructure called the message layer. This message layer call be used both to implement other higher-level libraries and directly by applications. MPI and the message layer are used in the two BG/L modes of operation: the coprocessor mode and the virtual node mode. Performance measurements show that our message-passing services deliver performance close to the hardware limits of the machine. They also show that dedicating one of the processors of a node to communication functions (coprocessor mode) greatly improves the message-passing bandwidth, whereas running two processes per compute node (virtual node mode) can have a positive impact on application performance. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. IBM Corp, Syst & Technol Grp, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Tech Univ Catalonia, Barcelona 08034, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 218, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM gheorghe@us.ibm.com; archerc@us.ibm.com; castanos@us.ibm.com; gunnels@us.ibm.com; cce@cs.brown.edu; philiph@us.ibm.com; xavim@us.ibm.com; jmoreira@us.ibm.com; kwp@us.ibm.com; jratt@us.ibm.com; steinmac@us.ibm.com; gropp@mcs.anl.gov; toonen@mcs.anl.gov RI Martorell, Xavier/G-6120-2015; OI Martorell, Xavier/0000-0002-0417-3430; Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 EI 2151-8556 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PD MAR-MAY PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 393 EP 406 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 925ZP UT WOS:000229092700015 ER PT J AU Kracher, A Sears, DWG AF Kracher, A Sears, DWG TI Space weathering and the low sulfur abundance of Eros SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID PARENT BODY; CHONDRITIC METEORITES; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; LASER IRRADIATION; LUNAR REGOLITH; ASTEROID BELT; SOLAR-SYSTEM; SIMULATION; SURFACE AB The surprisingly low S/Si ratio of Asteroid 433 Eros measured by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft probably reflects a surface depletion rather than a bulk property of the asteroid. The sulfur X-ray signal originates at a depth < 10 mu m in the regolith. The most efficient process for vaporizing minerals at the heliocentric distance of Eros are sputtering by solar wind ions and hypervelocity impacts. These are the same processes that account for the changes in optical properties of asteroids attributed to "space weathering" of lunar surface materials, although the relative importance of sputtering and impacts need not be the same for the Moon and asteroids. Troilite, Fes, which is the most important sulfide mineral in meteorites, and presumably on S-type asteroids like Eros, can be vaporized by much less energy than other major minerals, and will therefore be preferentially lost. Within 106 years either process can remove sulfide from the top 10-100 mu m of regolith. Sulfur will be lost into space and some sulfur will migrate to deeper regolith layers. We also consider other possible mechanisms of surficial sulfur depletion, such as mineral segregation in the regolith and perhaps even incipient melting. Although we consider solar wind sputtering the most likely cause of the sulfur depletion on Eros, we cannot entirely rule out other processes as causes of the sulfur deficiency. Laboratory simulations of the relevant processes can address some of the open questions. Simulations will have to be carried out in such a way that potential sulfur loss processes as well as resurfacing can be studied simultaneously, requiring a large and complex environmental chamber. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Space & Planetary Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Kracher, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, 227 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM akracher@iastate.edu NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2005 VL 174 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.010 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 913FL UT WOS:000228136900004 ER PT J AU Gibbard, SG de Pater, I Hammel, HB AF Gibbard, SG de Pater, I Hammel, HB TI Near-infrared adaptive optics imaging of the satellites and individual rings of Uranus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Uranus; planetary rings, Uranus; infrared observations ID URANIAN SYSTEM; PHOTOMETRY; VOYAGER-2 AB We present the first Earth-based images of several of the individual faint rings of Uranus, as observed with the adaptive optics system on the W.M. Keck II telescope on four consecutive days in October 2003. We derive reflectivities based on multiple measurements of 8 minor moons of Uranus as well as Ariel and Miranda in filters centered at wavelengths of 1.25(J), 1.63(H), and 2.1(Kp) put. These observations have a phase angle of 1.84 degrees-1.96 degrees. We find that the small satellites are somewhat less bright than in observations made by the HST at smaller phase angles, confirming an opposition surge effect. We calculate albedoes for the ring groups and for each ring separately. We find that the 6 ring particles, as well as the particles in the three other ring groups, have albedoes near 0.043 at these phase angles. The equivalent depths of some of the individual rings are different than predicted based upon ring widths from occultation measurements (assuming a constant particle ring brightness); in particular the gamma ring is fainter and the 77 ring brighter than expected. Our results indicate that q, the ratio of E ring intensity at apoapse vs. periapse, is close to 3.2 +/- 0.16. This agrees well with a model that has a filling factor for the epsilon ring of 0.06 (Karkoschka, 2001, Icarus 151, 78-83). We also determine values of the north to south brightness ratio for the individual rings and find that in most cases they are close to unity. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Gibbard, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sgibbard@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2005 VL 174 IS 1 BP 253 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.09.008 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 913FL UT WOS:000228136900018 ER PT J AU de Pater, I Gibbard, SG Chiang, E Hammel, HB Macintosh, B Marchis, F Martin, SC Roe, HG Showalter, M AF de Pater, I Gibbard, SG Chiang, E Hammel, HB Macintosh, B Marchis, F Martin, SC Roe, HG Showalter, M TI The dynamic neptunian ring arcs: evidence for a gradual disappearance of Liberte and resonant jump of courage SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE planetary rings; Neptune; infrared observations ID STELLAR OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; INNER SATELLITES; TELESCOPE; ORBITS; SYSTEM AB We present Adaptive Optics observations of Neptune ' s ring system at 1.6 and 2.2 mu m, taken with the 10-m W.M. Keck II telescope in July 2002 and October 2003. We recovered the full Adams and Le Verrier rings for the first time since the Voyager era (1989), and show that the overall appearance of these rings did not change much, except for the ring arcs. Both the location and intensity of all arcs changed drastically relative to trailing arc Fraternite, which has a mean orbital motion of 820.1118 +/- 0.0001 deg/day, equal to that of Nicholson et al.' s (1995, Icarus H 3, 295-330) solution 2. Our data suggest that all arcs may have decayed over the last decade, while Liberte, in 2003, may be on the verge of disappearing completely. The observed changes in the relative intensities and locations of all arcs further indicate that material is migrating between resonance sites; leading arc Courage, for example, has jumped similar to 8 degrees, or, when adopting Namouni and Porco ' s (2002, Nature 417, 45-47) CER (corotation eccentricity resonance) theory, it advanced by one full corotation potential maximum. Overall, our observations reveal a system that is surprisingly dynamic, and no comprehensive theory exists as of yet that can explain all the observed intricacies. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. STAR Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP de Pater, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM imke@astron.berkeley.edu RI Marchis, Franck/H-3971-2012 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAR PY 2005 VL 174 IS 1 BP 263 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.020 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 913FL UT WOS:000228136900019 ER PT J AU Blansett, EL Raymer, MG Cui, GQ Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM Serkland, DK Allerman, AA Geib, KM AF Blansett, EL Raymer, MG Cui, GQ Khitrova, G Gibbs, HM Serkland, DK Allerman, AA Geib, KM TI Picosecond polarization dynamics and noise in pulsed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE correlations; noise; polarization; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION FACTOR; TRANSVERSE-MODE DYNAMICS; OPTICALLY PUMPED VCSELS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; SPIN RELAXATION; QUANTUM-WELLS; MULTIMODE; LINEWIDTH AB We have measured on picosecond time scales the polarization behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) pumped with short optical pulses. Our data describe the temporal properties of the intensity and intensity noise for orthogonally polarized modes as well as noise correlations between the modes in both the circular and the linear detection bases. A variety of behavior is observed that depends on the polarization of the pump, the strength of the pump, the VCSEL operating temperature which determines the carrier spin-flip rates, and the degree of birefringence and dichroism in the laser. We develop an extension of the "split density" model which includes carrier relaxation processes that are important on picosecond time scales. Our numerical simulations illustrate how spin-flip processes lead to anti-correlated fluctuations in the circularly polarized modes and how anti-correlated noise can arise between the linearly polarized modes without switching between two "preferred" modes, as is commonly seen on longer time scales. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM elblans@sandia.gov; raymer@uoregon.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.842312 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 901CP UT WOS:000227260900004 ER PT J AU Skogen, EJ Raring, JW Morrison, GB Wang, CS Lal, V Masanovic, ML Coldren, LA AF Skogen, EJ Raring, JW Morrison, GB Wang, CS Lal, V Masanovic, ML Coldren, LA TI Monkoffithic ally integrated active components: A quantum-well intermixing approach SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE ion implantation; laser tuning; semiconductor lasers; wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ID SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS; GRATING DBR LASERS; ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATOR; MONOLITHIC INTEGRATION; WAVELENGTH CONVERTER; ION-IMPLANTATION; WAVE-GUIDES; DFB LASER; CIRCUITS; DESIGN AB As the demand for bandwidth increases, the communications industry is faced with a paradigm shift. Photonic integration is a key technology that will facilitate this shift. Monolithic integration allows for the realization of highly functional optical components, called photonic integrated circuits. Herein, we discuss the advantages and potential applications of photonic integration, and after a brief overview of various integration techniques, provide a detailed look at our work using a novel quantum well intermixing processing platform. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Skogen, EJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM ejskoge@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2005.846525 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 923WA UT WOS:000228938900008 ER PT J AU Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Mar, A AF Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Geib, KM Peake, GM Mar, A TI Single transverse mode operation of electrically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers with micromirrors SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electrical pumping; external cavity; micromirror; semiconductor laser; surface-emitting laser; transverse laser mode; vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) ID HIGH-POWER; 980 NM; DIODE; OUTPUT AB We report an electrically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) that is designed for wafer-scale fabrication. Single-mode continuous-wave operation is demonstrated at a wavelength of 970 nm. The device structure incorporates a curved micromirror output coupler that is produced using a micromolding process. In addition to outlining the VECSEL fabrication process, we quantify its spatial and spectral modal characteristics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gakeele@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 BP 522 EP 524 DI 10.1109/LPT.2004.842297 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 899IP UT WOS:000227138400002 ER PT J AU Gonzales, R AF Gonzales, R TI Developing the requirements discipline: Software vs.systems SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Weapons Syst Engn Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Gonzales, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Weapons Syst Engn Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rgonzal@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 59 EP 61 DI 10.1109/MS.2005.37 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 906KN UT WOS:000227639700017 ER PT J AU Lucovsky, G Fulton, CC Zhang, Y Zou, Y Luning, J Edge, LF Whitten, JL Nemanich, RJ Ade, H Schlom, DG Afanase'v, VV Stesmans, A Zollner, S Triyoso, D Rogers, BR AF Lucovsky, G Fulton, CC Zhang, Y Zou, Y Luning, J Edge, LF Whitten, JL Nemanich, RJ Ade, H Schlom, DG Afanase'v, VV Stesmans, A Zollner, S Triyoso, D Rogers, BR TI Conduction band-edge states associated with the removal of d-state degeneracies by the Jahn-Teller effect SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE complex oxides; conduction band edge states; d-state degeneracy; high-k dielectrics; Jahn-Teller splittings; photoconductivity; spectroscopic ellipsometry; x-ray absorption spectroscopy ID GATE DIELECTRICS; METAL-OXIDES; TRANSITION; SILICATE; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; DEFECTS; (100)SI; OFFSETS; DEVICES AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to study band edge electronic structure of high-kappa transition metal (TM) and trivalent lanthanide rare earth (RE) oxide gate dielectrics. The lowest conduction band d*-states in TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2 are correlated with: 1) features in the O K-1 edge, and 2) transitions from occupied Ti 2p, Zr 3p and Hf 4p states to empty Ti 3d-, Zr 4d-, and Hf 5d-states, respectively. The relative energies of d-state features indicate that the respective optical bandgaps, E-opt (or equivalently, E-g), and conduction band offset energy with respect to Si, E-B, scale monotonically with the d-state energies of the TM/RE atoms. The multiplicity of d-state features in the Ti L-2,L-3 spectrum of TiO2, and in the derivative of the O K-1 spectra for ZrO2 and HfO2 indicate a removal of d-state degeneracies that results from a static Jahn-Teller effect in these nanocrystalline thin film oxides. Similar removals of d-state degeneracies are demonstrated for complex TM/RE oxides including Zr and Hf titanates, and La, Gd and Dy scandates. Analysis of XAS and band edge spectra indicate an additional band edge state that is assigned Jahn-Teller distortions at internal grain boundaries. These band edges defect states are electronically active in photoconductivity (PC), internal photoemission (IPE), and act as bulk traps in metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices, contributing to asymmetries in tunneling and Frenkel-Poole transport that have important consequences for performance and reliability in advanced Si devices. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Louvain, Dept Phys, Louvain, Belgium. Freescale Semicond Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lucovsky, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lucovsky@ncsu.edu RI Zollner, Stefan/B-4858-2012; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; OI Zollner, Stefan/0000-0001-7752-7941; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Rogers, Bridget/0000-0001-7574-8353 NR 34 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 65 EP 83 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2005.845804 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 930KJ UT WOS:000229414400007 ER PT J AU Rodger, AP Balick, LK Clodius, WB AF Rodger, AP Balick, LK Clodius, WB TI The performance of the multispectral thermal imager (MTI) surface temperature retrieval algorithm at three sites. SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE land surface 7 temperature; Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI); remote sensing; surface temperature retrieval; thermal infrared ID IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA; ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; EMISSIVITY INFORMATION; INFRARED DATA; CALIFORNIA; SEPARATION; EMITTANCE; EOS/MODIS AB This paper describes the surface temperature retrieval algorithm for the U.S. Department of Energy Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite and its performance at three test sites. The MTI is a 15-band multispectral research and technology development satellite that provides high spatial resolution imagery of the earth's surface from a polar orbit. It has a capability for pixel-by-pixel retrieval of total atmospheric water vapor during the day. The surface temperature retrieval process uses atmospheric profiles of temperature and water vapor from numerical weather prediction data assimilation products available for the globe. The profiles of water vapor are scaled using the retrieved pixel-by-pixel water vapor during the day to improve atmospheric compensation within the image. The algorithm requires specification of a maximum emissivity or the acceptance of a default: here the maximum band emissivity is known and specified. The results of the algorithm are evaluated at three sites with a high degree of surface uniformity and known spectral emissivity: Lake Tahoe, NV/CA, Ivanpah Playa, NV/CA, and the Mauna Loa caldera, HI. At the first two sites, coincident measurements of surface temperature and emissivity are available. At Mauna Loa, surface emissivity measurements are available, but surface temperature measurements are not. Therefore, at Mauna Loa, the surface emissivity estimates derived from the surface temperature retrieval are compared with emissivity measurements. The results show that the surface temperature retrievals had a root mean square (RMS) difference with surface measurements of 0.6 K during the day and 1.0 K at bight. This indicates, albeit weakly, that the use of pixel-by-pixel Water vapor retrieved by the satellite improves the overall surface temperature retrievals. At Ivanpah Playa, all the data are daytime, and the surface,temperature retrievals have an RMS difference with the in situ measurements of 0.8 K. The Mauna Loa emissivities derived from the surface temperature retrieval agreed excellently with in situ emissivity measurements. The approach taken to perform surface temperature retrieval, used operationally within the MTI research and development program, is seen to be simple and effective. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodger, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM arodger@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 658 EP 665 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.840642 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 899FJ UT WOS:000227130000026 ER PT J AU Thomashow, ME AF Thomashow, Michael E. TI Gene regulons and regulatory networks involved in plant cold acclimation SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM thomash6@msu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 41 BP 14A EP 14A PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA V44IC UT WOS:000202995400049 ER PT J AU Wester, DW Hess, NJ AF Wester, DW Hess, NJ TI Bond-valence sums for Tc-O systems from EXAFS data SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE bond-valence sums; R-0 values; Tc-O systems; EXAFS ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; INDEPENDENT R-0 VALUES; SKELETAL IMAGING AGENTS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION-STATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; AMMONIUM PERTECHNETATE; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE-1 AB Literature data for structures containing exclusively Tc-O bonds were used to calculate unit-valence parameters R-0 for Tc(VII), Tc(VI), Tc(V) (five-coordinate), Tc(V) (six-coordinate), Tc(IV) and Tc(Ill) as 1.909, 1.955, 1.870, 1.859, 1.841 and 1.768 angstrom, respectively. A second method of estimating R-0 was developed to validate the calculated values for these oxidation states because crystallographic data are limited. The method was first tested and shown to be valid using literature data for Cr, Mn, Fe and Co complexes. The validated R-0 values for Tc were used to calculate bond-valence sums (BVS) for Tc solids and aqueous solutions using EXAFS data for the bond distances and coordination numbers. The calculated BVS showed good agreement with the expected values for the assumed Tc oxidation states. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, RSEG, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Wester, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, RSEG, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM dennis.wester@pnl.gov OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 358 IS 4 BP 865 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2004.10.002 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 904OO UT WOS:000227507800002 ER PT J AU Tien, RH Zhu, JH Liu, CT Walker, LR AF Tien, RH Zhu, JH Liu, CT Walker, LR TI Effect of Ru additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr-TaCr2 alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallics and Advanced Metallic Materials CY OCT 06-09, 2003 CL Changdu, PEOPLES R CHINA DE laves phases; multiphase intermetallics; fracture toughness; mechanical properties at ambient temperature; precipitates ID LAVES-PHASE ALLOYS; CR ALLOYS; COMPOSITES; CHROMIUM; RESISTANCE AB Early work indicated that Ru reduced the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of Cr even at small concentrations. To evaluate the potential of Ru as a beneficial alloying element in the two-phase Cr-TaCr2 alloys, a number of Cr-8 at.%Ta alloys with 0-10 at.%Ru were prepared, and their microstructures and mechanical properties were evaluated. The Ru addition was found to move the eutectic point of Cr-TaCr2 to a higher Ta level, as compared to the binary Cr-Ta system. Ru partitioned preferentially in the Laves phase over in the Cr matrix, with a partitioning ratio of 2-5:1, depending on the Ru addition level. Ru was also found to mainly occupy the Cr site in the TaCr2 Laves phase. The hardness of both the primary Cr matrix and the eutectic microconstituent increased slightly with the increase in Ru addition. At a higher Ru addition level (i.e. 10 at.%), the hardness of the primary Cr matrix increased significantly, probably due to the precipitation of extremely fine Laves-phase precipitates. The Ru addition did not noticeably affect the fracture toughness of the two-phase alloys. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Multi Phase Serv Inc, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 5014, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jzhu@tntech.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.017 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UC UT WOS:000227668000021 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Hoelzer, DT Kenik, EA Russell, KF AF Miller, MK Hoelzer, DT Kenik, EA Russell, KF TI Stability of ferritic MA/ODS alloys at high temperatures SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallics and Advanced Metallic Materials CY OCT 06-09, 2003 CL Changdu, PEOPLES R CHINA DE precipitates; mechanical alloying and milling; microstructure ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STEELS; OXYGEN AB The ultrafine scale microstructure of three MA/ODS ferritic alloys (12YWT, 14YWT and MA957) have been characterized by atom probe tomography in the as-received condition and after isothermal heat treatments at temperatures of up to 24 h at 1300 degrees C (similar to 85% T-m). Atom probe tomography revealed the presence of a high number density of 2-4 nm diameter titanium-, yttrium- and oxygen-enriched particles. These ultrafine particles were found to be extremely resistant to coarsening during isothermal aging at 1300 degrees C. Solute segregation of the alloying elements to dislocations and grain boundaries was also observed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microstruct Grp, Bldg 4500S,MS 6136POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 NR 14 TC 147 Z9 153 U1 6 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.036 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UC UT WOS:000227668000025 ER PT J AU Liu, CT Lu, ZP AF Liu, CT Lu, ZP TI Effect of minor alloying additions on glass formation in bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallics and Advanced Metallic Materials CY OCT 06-09, 2003 CL Changdu, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses, metallic; microalloying; mechanical properties at ambient temperature ID FORMING ABILITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; YTTRIUM AB This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent work on the effect of minor alloying additions on glass formation in bulk metallic Glasses. Recently, minor alloying addition or microalloying technology has shown to have dramatic effects on the glass formation and thermal stability of many bulk metallic glasses. This technology basically involves adding small amounts of alloying additions (usually, less 2 at%) to existing bulk metallic glasses for the purpose of further improving their glass forming ability. Experimental evidences indicate that alloying additions of small atoms with atomic radius < 0.12 nm (such as B and Si) or large atoms with radius > 0.16 nm (such as Y and Sc) are most effective in enhancing glass forming ability. The beneficial effects of these elements are discussed in terms of physical metallurgy principles. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liuct@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 17 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 415 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.034 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UC UT WOS:000227668000030 ER PT J AU Yang, B Liaw, PK Morrison, M Liu, CT Buchanan, RA Huang, JY Kuo, RC Huang, JG Fielden, DE AF Yang, B Liaw, PK Morrison, M Liu, CT Buchanan, RA Huang, JY Kuo, RC Huang, JG Fielden, DE TI Temperature evolution during fatigue damage SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallics and Advanced Metallic Materials CY OCT 06-09, 2003 CL Changdu, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses, metallic; mechanical properties at ambient temperature; mechanical testing; non-destructive evaluation ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITIES; ULTIMET(R) SUPERALLOY; SHEAR BANDS; BEHAVIOR; GLASS; ENVIRONMENTS AB Fatigue damage is closely related to plastic deformation and heat dissipation, which affect the temperature of the materials. In the current research. a state-of-the-art infrared-thermography camera has been used as a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method to investigate the temperature evolutions in both crystalline and amorphous materials during fatigue experiments. Fatigue-damage processes, such as the Luders band growth in reactor-pressure-vessel (RPV) steels and shear-band evolution in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), have been observed in situ and analyzed by thermography. Theoretical models combining fracture mechanics and thermodynamics have been formulated to quantify the temperature-evolution processes during fatigue. specifically, the plastic work in RPV steel during low-cycle fatigue has been calculated and the fatigue life has been predicted from the observed temperature. The prediction matches the experimental data quite well. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. INER, Lungtan 325, Taiwan. Taiwan Power Co, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM byang@utk.edu OI Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 47 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.032 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UC UT WOS:000227668000031 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Liaw, PK Peker, A Yang, B Benson, ML Yuan, W Peter, WH Huang, L Freels, A Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR AF Wang, GY Liaw, PK Peker, A Yang, B Benson, ML Yuan, W Peter, WH Huang, L Freels, A Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR TI Fatigue behavior of Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be bulk-metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ordered Intermetallics and Advanced Metallic Materials CY OCT 06-09, 2003 CL Changdu, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses, metallic; fatigue resistance and crack growth; electron microscopy, scanning ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION; THERMOGRAPHIC DETECTION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DAMAGE; SUPERALLOY; FRACTURE AB The high-cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of the Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be, (in at.%) bulk-metallic glass (BMG) was studied. Two batches of samples that are from different lots (Batches 59 and 94) are employed in present experiments. The HCF experiments were conducted., using an electrohydraulic machine at a frequency of 10 Hz with a R ratio of 0.1 in air at room temperature and under tension-tension loading, where R = sigma(min)/sigma(max) (sigma(min.) and sigma(max.) are the applied minimum and maximum stresses, respectively). A high-speed and high-sensitivity then nographic-infrared (IR) imaging system was employed for the nondestructive evaluation of temperature evolutions during fatigue testing. No distinct sparking phenomenon was observed at the final fracture moment for this allo. The fatigue lifetime of Batch 59 is longer than that of Batch 94 at hi2h stress levels (maximum stresses > 864 MPa). Moreover, the fatigue-endurance limit of Batch 59 (703 MPa) is somewhat greater than that of Batch 94 (615 MPa). The vein pattern and liquid droplets were observed in the apparent-melting region along the edge of the fractured surfaces. The fracture morphology suggests that fatigue cracks initiated from casting defects, Such as porosities and inclusions, which have an important effect on the fatigue behavior of BMGs. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. LiquidMet Technol Inc, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gwang@utk.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011 NR 36 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.037 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 906UC UT WOS:000227668000032 ER PT J AU Salinger, AG Burroughs, EA Pawlowski, RP Phipps, ET Romero, LA AF Salinger, AG Burroughs, EA Pawlowski, RP Phipps, ET Romero, LA TI Bifurcation tracking algorithms and software for large scale applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Modeling and Computations in Dynamical Systems CY OCT, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE bifurcation analysis; continuation; flow stability ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DIFFERENTIALLY HEATED CAVITY; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; EIGENVALUE CALCULATIONS; PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS; BREAKING BIFURCATION; NUMERICAL-METHODS; CONVECTION-ROLLS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR AB We present the set of bifurcation tracking algorithms which have been developed in the LOCA software library to work with large scale application codes that use fully coupled Newton's method with iterative linear solvers. Turning point (fold), pitchfork, and Hopf bifurcation tracking algorithms based on Newton's method have been implemented, with particular attention to the scalability to large problem sizes on parallel computers and to the ease of implementation with new application codes. The ease of implementation is accomplished by using block climination algorithms to solve the Newton iterations of the augmented bifurcation tracking systems. The applicability of such algorithms for large applications is in doubt since the main computational kernel of these routines is the iterative linear solve of the same matrix that is being driven singular by the algorithm. To test the robustness and scalability of these algorithms, the LOCA library has been interfaced with the MPSalsa massively parallel finite element reacting flows code. A bifurcation analysis of an 1.6 Million unknown model of 3D Rayleigh-Benard convection in a 5 x 5 x 1 box is successfully undertaken, showing that the algorithms can indeed scale to problems of this size while producing solutions of reasonable accuracy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Salinger, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agsalin@sandia.gov NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1274 J9 INT J BIFURCAT CHAOS JI Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1015 EP 1032 DI 10.1142/S0218127405012508 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927WE UT WOS:000229230400018 ER PT J AU Thakur, R Rabenseifner, R Gropp, W AF Thakur, R Rabenseifner, R Gropp, W TI Optimization of collective communication operations in MPICH SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th EuroPVM/MPI 2003 Conference CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL Venice, ITALY SP Ca Foscari Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Informat Sci & Technol Inst, Natl Res Council DE collective communication; message passing; MPI; reduction ID TO-ALL COMMUNICATION; EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS; LOGGP AB We describe our work on improving the performance of collective communication operations in MPICH for clusters connected by switched networks. For each collective operation, we use multiple algorithms depending on the message size, with the goal of minimizing latency for short messages and minimizing bandwidth use for long messages. Although we have implemented new algorithms for all MPI (Message Passing Interface) collective operations, because of limited space we describe only the algorithms for allgather, broadcast, all-to-all, reduce-scatter, reduce, and allreduce. Performance results on a Myrinet-connected Linux cluster and an IBM SP indicate that, in all cases, the new algorithms significantly outperform the old algorithms used in MPICH on the Myrinet cluster, and, in many cases, they outperform the algorithms used in IBM's MPI on the SP. We also explore in further detail the optimization of two of the most commonly used collective operations, allreduce and reduce, particularly for long messages and nonpower-of-two numbers of processes. The optimized algorithms for these operations perform several times better than the native algorithms on a Myrinet cluster, IBM SP, and Cray T3E. Our results indicate that to achieve the best performance for a collective communication operation, one needs to use a number of different algorithms and select the right algorithm for a particular message size and number of processes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Stuttgart, Rech Zentrum Univ, High Performance Comp Ctr, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Thakur, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM THAKUR@MCS.ANL.GOV OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 26 TC 173 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 49 EP 66 DI 10.1177/1094342005051521 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 899UW UT WOS:000227172000004 ER PT J AU Semelsberger, TA Borup, RL AF Semelsberger, TA Borup, RL TI Fuel effects on start-up energy and efficiency for automotive PEM fuel cell systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fuel cell feeds; dimethyl ether; gasoline; natural gas; ethanol; methanol; start-up energy; fuel processor efficiency; fuel processor volumes; autothermal systems ID TRANSIENT CONTROL; CARBON FORMATION; ANODE FUEL; CO; PERFORMANCE; CATHODE; DURABILITY; VEHICLES; MONOXIDE AB This paper investigates the effects of various fuels on hydrogen production for automotive PEM fuel cell systems. Gasoline, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether and methane are compared for their effects on fuel processor size, start-up energy and overall efficiencies for 50 kW(e) fuel processors. The start-up energy is the energy required to raise the temperature of the fuel processor from ambient temperature (20degreesC) to that of the steady-state operating temperatures. The fuel processor modeled consisted of an equilibrium-ATR (autothermal), high-temperature water gas shift (HTS), low-temperature water gas shift (LTS) and preferential oxidation (PrOx) reactors. The individual reactor volumes with methane, dimethyl ether, methanol and ethanol were scaled relative to a gasoline-fueled fuel processor meeting the 2010 DOE technical targets. The modeled fuel processor volumes were, 25.9 L for methane, 30.8 L for dimethyl ether, 42.5 L for gasoline, 43.7 L for ethanol and 45.8 L for methane. The calculated fuel processor start-up energies for the modeled fuels were, 2712 kJ for methanol, 3423 kJ for dimethyl ether, 6632 0 for ethanol, 7068 kJ for gasoline and 7592 kJ for methane. The modeled overall efficiencies, correcting for the fuel processor start-up energy using a drive cycle of 33 miles driven per day, were, 38.5% for dimethyl ether, 38.3% for methanol, 37% for gasoline, 34.5% for ethanol and 33.2% for methane assuming a steady-state efficiency of 44% for each fuel. (C) 2005 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Semelsberger, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663,Mail Stop J579, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM troy@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD MAR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.11.007 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 900GK UT WOS:000227203200010 ER PT J AU Silling, SA Bobaru, F AF Silling, SA Bobaru, F TI Peridynamic modeling of membranes and fibers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elasticity; membranes; dynamic fracture; rubber ID ELASTIC MEMBRANE; RUBBER-LIKE; THIN-FILMS; FINITE; CRACK; DEFORMATION; STABILITY; DNA; FRACTURE; MOTIONS AB The peridynamic theory of continuum mechanics allows damage, fracture, and long-range forces to be treated as natural components of the deformation of a material. In this paper, the peridynamic approach is applied to small thickness two- and one-dimensional structures. For membranes, a constitutive model is described appropriate for rubbery sheets that can form cracks. This model is used to perform numerical simulations of the stretching and dynamic tearing of membranes. A similar approach is applied to one-dimensional string like structures that undergrow stretching, bending, and failure. Long-range forces similar to van der Waals interactions at the nanoscale influence the equilibrium configurations of these structures, how they deform, and possibly self-assembly. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Silling, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys Dept, MS-0378, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sasilli@sandia.gov RI Bobaru, Florin/J-2167-2012 OI Bobaru, Florin/0000-0002-9954-6489 NR 40 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 EI 1878-5638 J9 INT J NONLIN MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 395 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2004.08.004 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 868PL UT WOS:000224925400021 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P TI Tightening the theory-experiment connection in physics: R-n based space and time SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM INFORMATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Quantum Information Science CY APR 16-19, 2004 CL Univ Camerino, Camerino, ITALY HO Univ Camerino DE finite string numbers; discrete space; scale invariance ID MATHEMATICS AB Some aspects of replacing C based physics by C-n based physics are discussed. Here C-n = R-n, I-n, where R-n (and I-n) is a set of length 2(n) string numbers in some basis. The discussion is limited to describing the experimental basis and choice for the numbers in R-n, and a few basic but interesting properties of R-n based space and time. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-7499 J9 INT J QUANTUM INF JI Int. J. Quantum Inf. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1142/S0219749905000360 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 907LP UT WOS:000227719900002 ER PT J AU Zuo, QH Dienes, JK AF Zuo, QH Dienes, JK TI On the stability of penny-shaped cracks with friction: the five types of brittle behavior SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE penny-shaped cracks; crack instability; brittle materials; brittle failure; incipient failure ID SHEAR CRACKS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRESS; RUPTURE; GROWTH AB The theory of penny-shaped cracks has been the subject of numerous investigations because of its conceptual simplicity and the feasibility of obtaining mathematical solutions. The simplicity of many of the final results makes the theory useful in many applications. This paper addresses a gap in the theory, the effect of interfacial friction in closed cracks and, in particular, its influence on the most unstable crack orientation and, hence, the compressive strength of materials. When friction is accounted for it is found that five types of brittle behavior are possible: (a) mode-I opening, (b) mixed opening and shear, (c) pure-shear without friction, and (d) shear with interfacial friction. A fifth type of behavior (e) which corresponds to a stable material response occurs when the compressive traction on the crack is so large that friction inhibits crack growth. The first four types, namely, (a), (b), (c), (d) result in incipient material failure. The range of stress states for which each of the failure (incipient) types applies is given explicitly. Failure of a brittle material under triaxial test conditions is considered in detail to illustrate the results. An experiment performed by Howe et al. [Howe, P.M., Gibbons, G.G., Webber, P.E., 1985. An experimental investigation of the role of shearing initiation of detonation. In: Short, J.M. and Deal, W.E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Detonation, Albuquerque, NM] showing the response of a brittle material (TNT) to impact illustrates (perhaps surprisingly) behavior of types (c) and (d). The chemical sensitivity of the TNT allows us to observe the effect of friction better than would be possible in a non-reactive material. The conditions that allow crack growth within the crack plane are discussed briefly. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zuo, QH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zuo@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1309 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.08.003 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 886UH UT WOS:000226257700003 ER PT J AU Williams, TO AF Williams, TO TI A generalized, multilength scale framework for thermo-diffusional-mechanically coupled, nonlinear, laminated plate theories with delaminations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE laminated plates; unified plate theory; multilength scale plate theory; HSDT; thermo-diffusional-mechanical coupling; diffusion; hygrothermoelastic; delamination; interfacial constitutive relations; geometric nonlinearity ID HIGH-ORDER THEORY; SHEAR-DEFORMATION; MODEL; FORMULATION; THERMOELASTICITY; INTERFACE AB A new type of plate theory based on a general, unified, theoretical framework for the response of (von Karman) nonlinear, delaminated plate theories in the presence of thermo-diffusional-mechanical coupling is presented. The theory is based on the unique use of two length scale expansions obtained from a superposition of global and local effects for the displacement, temperature, and solute concentration fields. The orders and forms of these local and global displacement, temperature, and solute fields are arbitrary. The theory incorporates delamination and/or nonlinear elastic or inelastic interfacial behavior for the mechanical, thermal, and concentration effects in a unified fashion through the use of generalized interfacial constitutive (cohesive) relations. The mathematical framework introduces new types of coupling effects between the different length scale effects of all three fields. The resulting unified theoretical framework can be used to consider the general thermo-diffusionally-mechanically coupled response of laminated (or homogeneous) plates in the presence of delaminations, buckling, and/or nonlinear material behavior. The author is unaware of any previous attempts to develop plate theory formulations capable of considering the multitude of effects incorporated into the proposed framework. It is shown that existing displacement-based plate theories for both the mechanical as well as thermo-mechanical behavior of laminated plates can be obtained via suitable specializations of the proposed framework. New types of plate theories can be obtained through various specializations of the proposed general theory. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, TO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-3,MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM oakhill@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1465 EP 1490 DI 10.1016/j.ijlostr.2004.08.007 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 886UH UT WOS:000226257700010 ER PT J AU Ball, DY Gerber, TP AF Ball, DY Gerber, TP TI Russian scientists and rogue states - Does western assistance reduce the proliferation threat? SO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY LA English DT Article ID SCIENCE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Proliferat & Terrorism Prevent Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ball, DY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Proliferat & Terrorism Prevent Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Gerber, Theodore/A-5212-2014 OI Gerber, Theodore/0000-0001-8899-6815 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0162-2889 J9 INT SECURITY JI Int. Secur. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 4 BP 50 EP 77 DI 10.1162/isec.2005.29.4.50 PG 28 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 939BY UT WOS:000230048400003 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Nagle, N Singh, V Moreau, RA Tucker, MP Nichols, NN Johnston, DB Cotta, MA Hicks, KB Nguyen, Q Bothast, RJ AF Dien, BS Nagle, N Singh, V Moreau, RA Tucker, MP Nichols, NN Johnston, DB Cotta, MA Hicks, KB Nguyen, Q Bothast, RJ TI Review of process for producing corn fiber oil and ethanol from "Quick Fiber" SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; FERMENTATION; PHYTOSTEROLS; PHYTOSTANOLS; RECOVERY; GERM AB Approximately 10% of the 10 billion bushels of corn harvested in the U.S. is used for fuel ethanol production (2003; Renewable Fuel Association), more than half of which is prepared for fermentation by dry grinding the whole kernel. University of Illinois has developed a modified dry grind process that allows for recovery of the germ and pericarp fractions prior to fermentation. The process could potentially generate an additional 5-7 cents of income per gallon ethanol produced from enhanced fermentation efficiency and from recovering the corn oil. This process also allows for the possibility of converting the fractionated pericarp, termed "quick fiber," to ethanol. This review summarizes results reported earlier (1) on the feasibility of using Quick Fiber (QF) as an ethanol feedstock. QF was converted to ethanol using an industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain FBR5. For the S. cerevisiae fermentation, the ethanol yield was 0.096 gal/bu of processed corn assuming a QF yield of 3.04 lb/bu. For the bacterial fermentation, the final ethanol concentration was 30 g/l or 85% of the theoretical yield. The residuals from the fermentations were also evaluated as a source of corn fiber oil. Corn fiber oil, which is extracted from the pericarp fiber fraction, is a nutraceutical being developed by the ARS that has cholesterol lowering properties. Corn fiber oil yields were 1.12% w/w for the residual material from the SSF process. For the FBR5 fermentations, the residual fiber was recovered after hydrolysis and prior to fermentation. The corn fiber oil yield in this case was 8.28% w/w. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SIU Edwardsville, Natl Corn Ethanol Res Pilot Plant, Edwardsville, IL 62025 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dienb@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1275 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 907KJ UT WOS:000227715500019 ER PT J AU Lorenzini, P AF Lorenzini, P TI A second look at nuclear power SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Nucl Def Facil, Hanford, WA USA. EM rodin2@aol.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 915PK UT WOS:000228316100021 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, J Philipossian, A Stein, DJ Timon, RP Hetherington, DL AF Sorooshian, J Philipossian, A Stein, DJ Timon, RP Hetherington, DL TI Dependence of oxide pattern density variation on motor current endpoint detection during shallow trench isolation chemical mechanical planarization SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE chemical mechanical planarization; endpoint detection; motor current; shallow trench isolation ID TEMPERATURE AB In this study, we evaluate the limitations associated with variable shallow trench isolation (STI) oxide pattern densities for accurate motor current endpoint detection during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). Results indicate that repeatable motor current endpoint detection can be achieved for STI wafers with oxide pattern density variations of up to 17.4%. Furthermore, results show that a dependence exists between the STI oxide pattern density variation and motor current endpoint success during polishing. According to the findings of this Study, a suitable motor current endpoint detection system could yield successful termination points for STI polishing, as well as reduce the need for polishing reworks. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. RP Sorooshian, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1219 EP 1224 DI 10.1143/JJAP.44.1219 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 915MD UT WOS:000228307400012 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, F Iijima, H Dobashi, K Imai, T Ueda, T Watanabe, T Uesaka, M AF Sakamoto, F Iijima, H Dobashi, K Imai, T Ueda, T Watanabe, T Uesaka, M TI Emittance and energy measurements of low-energy electron beam using optical transition radiation techniques SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE optical transition radiation; far-field image; simultaneous measurements of emittance and energy; low-energy electron beam ID DIAGNOSTICS; SCATTERING AB Emittance and energy of an electron beam in the range of 8 to 22MeV were measured via optical transition radiation (OTR) techniques. The beam divergence effect on observations of the far-field OTR image at low energies was studied by means of numerical analysis. The numerical analysis indicates that if the beam divergence is under 1.5 mrad, a simultaneous single-shot measurement of emittance and energy is possible. The results of the single-shot experiment agree with independent measurements conducted using the quadrupole scan method and an electron spectrometer. The experiments were performed with an S-band linac at the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory, The University of Tokyo (UTNL). C1 Univ Tokyo, Nucl Engn Res Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191188, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sakamoto, F (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Nucl Engn Res Lab, 2-22 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191188, Japan. EM saka@utnl.jp NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Brief Commun. Rev. Pap. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 1485 EP 1491 DI 10.1143/JJAP.44.1485 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 915MD UT WOS:000228307400069 ER PT J AU Sallach, DL AF Sallach, DL TI Distributed constraint satisfaction: Foundations of cooperation in multi-agent systems SO JASSS-THE JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL SOCIETIES AND SOCIAL SIMULATION LA English DT Book Review C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sallach, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J A S S S PI GUILDFORD PA UNIV SURREY, DEPT SOCIOLOGY, GUILDFORD GU2 7XH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1460-7425 J9 JASSS-J ARTIF SOC S JI JASSS PD MAR PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 PG 2 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 936DP UT WOS:000229836000012 ER PT J AU Jiang, CS Noufi, R Ramanathan, K Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM AF Jiang, CS Noufi, R Ramanathan, K Moutinho, HR Al-Jassim, MM TI Electrical modification in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films by chemical bath deposition process of CdS films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; JUNCTION FORMATION; EFFICIENCY AB We have measured the two-dimensional electrical potential distribution on the surface of photovoltaic Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films using the nanoscale electrical characterization of scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. The potential peak on the grain boundaries becomes sharper after the sample is rinsed in high-purity water, and the height of the potential peak becomes smaller after chemical treatments in a solution similar to that used in the chemical bath deposition of CdS films. This demonstrates an effect of surface Na removal by the water rinsing and downward band bending on the CIGS film surface induced by the chemical treatment. This electrical modification is expected to benefit the properties of the electrical junction and, hence, CIGS/CdS device performance. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM chun_sheng_jiang@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 053701 DI 10.1063/1.1856217 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900031 ER PT J AU Jun, SI Rack, PD McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Simpson, ML AF Jun, SI Rack, PD McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Simpson, ML TI Electrical and microstructural characterization of molybdenum tungsten electrodes using a combinatorial thin film sputtering technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE CRYSTALS; RESISTIVITY; STRESSES AB A combinatorial rf magnetron sputter deposition technique was employed to investigate the electrical characteristics and microstructural properties of molybdenum tungsten (MoW) high temperature electrodes as a function of the binary composition. In addition to the composition, the effect of substrate bias and temperature was investigated. The electrical resistivity of MoW samples deposited at room temperature with zero bias followed the typical Nordheim's rule as a function of composition. The resistivity increases with tungsten fraction and is a maximum around 0.5 atomic fraction of tungsten. A metastable beta-W phase was identified and the relative amount of the beta-W phase scales with the resistivity. Samples deposited at higher temperature (250 degrees C) also followed Nordheim's rule as a function of composition, however, it did not contain the metastable beta-W phase and consequently had a lower resistivity. The resistivity of samples deposited with substrate bias is uniformly lower and obeyed the rule of mixtures as a function of composition. The molybdenum-rich compositions had a lower resistivity, contrary to expectations based on bulk resistivity values, and is attributed to high electron-dislocation scattering cross sections in tungsten versus molybdenum. The metastable beta-W phase was not observed in the biased films even when deposited at room temperature. High resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed a more dense structure for the biased films, which is correlated to the significantly lower film resistivity. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jun, SI (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sjun3@utk.edu RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 054906 DI 10.1063/1.1855395 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900070 ER PT J AU Kammler, HK Beaucage, G Kohls, DJ Agashe, N Ilavsky, J AF Kammler, HK Beaucage, G Kohls, DJ Agashe, N Ilavsky, J TI Monitoring simultaneously the growth of nanoparticles and aggregates by in situ ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; FLAME SYNTHESIS; AEROSOL SYNTHESIS; SOOT; MORPHOLOGY; TITANIA; SILICA; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES AB Ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering can provide information about primary particles and aggregates from a single scattering experiment. This technique is applied in situ to flame aerosol reactors for monitoring simultaneously the primary particle and aggregate growth dynamics of oxide nanoparticles in a flame. This was enabled through the use of a third generation synchrotron source (Advanced Photon Source, Argonne IL, USA) using specialized scattering instrumentation at the UNICAT facility which is capable of simultaneously measuring nanoscales to microscales (1 nm to 1 mu m). More specifically, the evolution of primary-particle diameter, mass-fractal dimension, geometric standard deviation, silica volume fraction, number concentration, radius of gyration of the aggregate, and number of primary particles per aggregate are measured along the flame axis for two different premixed flames. All these particle characteristics were derived from a single and nonintrusive measurement technique. Flame temperature profiles were measured in the presence of particles by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermophoretic sampling was used to visualize particle growth with height above the burner as well as in the radial direction. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 ETH, Dept Mech & Proc Engn, Particle Technol Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, UNICAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beaucage, G (reprint author), ETH, Dept Mech & Proc Engn, Particle Technol Lab, ML F23, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM beaucag@uc.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; NR 44 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 054309 DI 10.1063/1.1855391 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900056 ER PT J AU McMahon, TJ Berniard, TJ Albin, DS AF McMahon, TJ Berniard, TJ Albin, DS TI Nonlinear shunt paths in thin-film CdTe solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Here we report on a nonlinear, sometimes metastable, shunt-path loss mechanism located at thin-film (TF) solar cell corners, and presumably to a lesser degree, edges that causes much of the degradation in performance during stress testing. We use dark I-V curves and current transients to study the voltage switching behavior for normal, undegraded cells, and degraded cells with these shunt paths that are devastating to performance. By physically removing the microshunt-path defect, located with infrared imaging, and knowing the light and dark I-V performance before and after its removal, we can model the electrical properties of that defect and demonstrate how it so severely compromises device performance. Using a one-dimensional model to describe such cell degradation is inappropriate and misleading. We propose a defect mechanism and discuss the implications for scribe lines and cell ends in full size modules. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tom_mcmahon@nrel.gov NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 054503 DI 10.1063/1.1856216 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900061 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Cheng, SF Chen, G Hicks, RF Cederberg, JG Biefeld, RM AF Sun, Y Cheng, SF Chen, G Hicks, RF Cederberg, JG Biefeld, RM TI The effect of antimony in the growth of indium arsenide quantum dots in gallium arsenide (001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE-DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAAS; SURFACTANT; LASERS; SB; RECONSTRUCTIONS; INP AB The effect of an initial saturation coverage of antimony on the growth of indium arsenide quantum dots on gallium arsenide has been studied during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. After depositing one to two bilayers of InAs at 723 K, the samples were quenched, transferred to ultrahigh vacuum, and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been found that the critical thickness for onset of quantum dot formation is 33% less with Sb present as compared to without Sb. The antimony incorporates into the quantum dots, increasing their density and total volume, and causing them to be more densely clustered together. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hicks, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rhicks@ucla.edu NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 053503 DI 10.1063/1.1858054 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900016 ER PT J AU Wu, J Webb, SM Brennan, S Haile, SM AF Wu, J Webb, SM Brennan, S Haile, SM TI Dopant site selectivity in BaCe0.85M0.15O3-delta by extended x-ray absorption fine structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM CERATE; BACEO3; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; CONDUCTION; TRANSPORT AB Rare earth doped BaCeO3 has been widely investigated as a proton conducting material. Trivalent dopants are generally assumed to fully occupy the Ce4+-site, and thereby introduce oxygen vacancies into the perovskite structure. Recent studies indicate the possibility of partial dopant incorporation onto the Ba2+-site concomitant with BaO evaporation, reducing the oxygen vacancy content. Because proton incorporation requires, as a first step, the generation of oxygen vacancies such dopant partitioning is detrimental to protonic conductivity. A quantitative Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) study of BaCe0.85M0.15O3-delta(M=Yb,Gd) is presented here along with complementary x-ray powder diffraction and electron probe chemical analyses. The EXAFS results demonstrate that as much as 4.6% of the ytterbium and 7.2% of the gadolinium intended for incorporation onto the Ce site, in fact, resides on the Ba site. The results are in qualitative agreement with the diffraction and chemical analyses, which additionally show an even greater extent of Nd incorporation on the Ba site. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Haile, Sossina/I-3448-2015 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 054101 DI 10.1063/1.1846946 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900043 ER PT J AU Safo, MK Zhao, QX Ko, TP Musayev, FN Robinson, H Scarsdale, N Wang, AHJ Archer, GL AF Safo, MK Zhao, QX Ko, TP Musayev, FN Robinson, H Scarsdale, N Wang, AHJ Archer, GL TI Crystal structures of the BlaI repressor from Staphylococcus aureus and its complex with DNA: Insights into transcriptional regulation of the bla and mec operons SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASE OPERON; BINDING; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE; HELIX; RECOGNITION; MOLSCRIPT; PROTEINS; PROGRAM; PACKAGE AB The 14-kDa BlaI protein represses the transcription of blaZ, the gene encoding P-lactamase. It is homologous to MecI, which regulates the expression of mecA, the gene encoding the penicillin binding protein PBP2a. These genes mediate resistance to P-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci. Both repressors can bind either bla or mec DNA promoter-operator sequences. Regulated resistance genes are activated via receptor-mediated cleavage of the repressors. Cleavage is induced when P-lactam antibiotics bind the extramembrane sensor of the sensor-transducer signaling molecules, BlaRI or MecR1. The crystal structures of BlaI from Staphylococcus aureus, both in free form and in complex with 32 bp of DNA of the mec operator, have been determined to 2.0-and 2.7-Angstrom resolutions, respectively. The structure of MecI, also in free form and in complex with the bla operator, has been previously reported. Both repressors form homodimers, with each monomer composed of an N-terminal DNA binding domain of winged helix-turn-helix topology and a C-terminal dimerization domain. The structure of BlaI in complex with the mec operator shows a protein-DNA interface that is conserved between both mec and bla targets. The recognition helix alpha3 interacts specifically with the conserved TACA/TGTA DNA binding motif. BlaI and, probably, MecI dimers bind to opposite faces of the mec DNA double helix in an up-and-down arrangement, whereas MecI and, probably, BlaI dimers bind to the same DNA face of bla promoter-operator DNA. This is due to the different spacing of mec and bla DNA binding sites. Furthermore, the flexibility of the dimeric proteins may make the C-terminal proteolytic cleavage site more accessible when the repressors are bound to DNA than when they are in solution, suggesting that the induction cascade involves bound rather than free repressor. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Inst Struct Biol & Drug Discovery, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Biol Chem, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Archer, GL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Med, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM Garcher@hsc.vcu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI035705, AI035705-11, R56 AI035705, R01 AI035705] NR 42 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 187 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1844 DI 10.1128/JB.187.5.1833-1844.2005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 900BY UT WOS:000227191600032 PM 15716455 ER PT J AU Lower, BH Yongsunthon, R Vellano, FP Lower, SK AF Lower, BH Yongsunthon, R Vellano, FP Lower, SK TI Simultaneous force and fluorescence measurements of a protein that forms a bond between a living bacterium and a solid surface SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; SINGLE MOLECULES; MINERAL SURFACES; EXTERNAL SURFACE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; DNA-MOLECULES; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; CANTILEVERS; FIBRONECTIN AB All microbial biofilms are initiated through direct physical contact between a bacterium and a solid surface, a step that is controlled by inter- and intramolecular forces. Atomic force microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used simultaneously to observe the formation of a bond between a fluorescent chimeric protein on the surface of a living Escherichia coli bacterium and a solid substrate in situ. The chimera was composed of a portion of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) fused to the cyan-fluorescent protein AmCyan. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and fluorescent confocal slices through bacteria demonstrated that the chimeric protein was targeted and anchored to the external cell surface. The wormlike chain theory predicted that this protein should exhibit a nonlinear force-extension "signature" consistent with the sequential unraveling of the AmCyan and OmpA domains. Experimentally measured force-extension curves revealed a unique pair of "sawtooth" features that were present when a bond formed between a silicon nitride surface (atomic force microscopy tip) and E. coli cells expressing the OmpA-AmCyan protein. The observed sawtooth pair closely matched the wormlike chain model prediction for the mechanical unfolding of the AmCyan and OmpA substructures in series. These sawteeth disappeared from the measured force-extension curves when cells were treated with proteinase K. Furthermore, these unique sawteeth were absent for a mutant stain of E. coli incapable of expressing the AmCyan protein on its outer surface. Together, these data show that specific proteins exhibit unique force signatures characteristic of the bond that is formed between a living bacterium and another surface. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Lower, SK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 275 Mendenhall Lab,125 S Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lower.9@osu.edu RI Lower, Steven/A-2440-2008 OI Lower, Steven/0000-0001-9796-0830 NR 56 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 187 IS 6 BP 2127 EP 2137 DI 10.1128/JB.187.6.2127-2137.2005 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 905NJ UT WOS:000227575100029 PM 15743961 ER PT J AU Harris, HH Levina, A Dillon, CT Mulyani, I Lai, B Cai, ZH Lay, PA AF Harris, HH Levina, A Dillon, CT Mulyani, I Lai, B Cai, ZH Lay, PA TI Time-dependent uptake, distribution and biotransformation of chromium(VI) in individual and bulk human lung cells: application of synchrotron radiation techniques SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chromium; cancer; human cells; synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray emission; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OXIDATION-STATE; CARCINOGENIC CHROMIUM(VI); TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FINE-STRUCTURE; CANCER-CELLS; COMPLEXES; CARBOXYLATES AB Chromium( VI) is a human carcinogen, primarily affecting the respiratory tract probably via active transport into cells, followed by the reduction to Cr(III) with the formation of DNA-damaging intermediates. Distribution of Cr and endogenous elements within A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, following treatment with Cr( VI) ( 100 mu M, 20 min or 4 h) were studied by synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE) of single freeze-dried cells. After the 20-min treatment, Cr was confined to a small area of the cytoplasm and strongly co-localized with S, Cl, K, and Ca. After the 4-h treatment, Cr was distributed throughout the cell, with higher concentrations in the nucleus and the cytoplasmic membrane. This time-dependence corresponded to similar to 100% or 0% clonogenic survival of the cells following the 20-min or 4-h treatments, respectively, and could potentially be explained by a new cellular protective mechanism. Such processes may also be important in reducing the potential hazards of Cr( III) dietary supplements, for which there is emerging evidence that they exert their anti-diabetic effects via biological oxidation to Cr(VI). The predominance of Cr(III) was confirmed by micro-XANES spectroscopy of intracellular Cr hotspots. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS, using freeze-dried cells after the 0 - 4-h treatments) was used to gain insight into the chemical structures of Cr( III) complexes formed during the intracellular reduction of Cr( VI). The polynuclear nature of such complexes ( probably with a combination of carboxylato and hydroxo bridging groups and O-donor atoms of small peptides or proteins) was established by XAFS data analyses. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Struct Biol & Struct Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Sydney, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Electron Microscopy Unit, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lay, PA (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Met Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM p.lay@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; Lay, Peter/B-4698-2014; OI Lay, Peter/0000-0002-3232-2720; Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 NR 69 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00775-004-0617-1 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 914WL UT WOS:000228258600003 PM 15714299 ER PT J AU Porter, B Zauel, R Stockman, H Guldberg, R Fyhrie, D AF Porter, B Zauel, R Stockman, H Guldberg, R Fyhrie, D TI 3-D computational modeling of media flow through scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fluid shear stress; bioreactor; scaffold; micro CT; imaging; computational fluid dynamics ID SHEAR-STRESS; FLUID-FLOW; LATTICE BOLTZMANN; 3-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CELLS; OSTEOBLASTS; PROSTAGLANDIN; INVITRO AB Media perfusion bioreactor systems have been developed to improve mass transport throughout three-dimensional (3-D) tissue-engineered constructs cultured in vitro. In addition to enhancing the exchange of nutrients and wastes, these systems simultaneously deliver flow-mediated shear stresses to cells seeded within the constructs. Local shear stresses are a function of media flow rate and dynamic viscosity, bioreactor configuration, and porous scaffold microarchitecture. We have used the Lattice-Boltzmann method to simulate the flow conditions within perfused cell-seeded cylindrical scaffolds. Microcomputed tomography imaging was used to define the scaffold micro architecture for the simulations, which produce a 3-D fluid velocity field throughout the scaffold porosity. Shear stresses were estimated at various media flow rates by multiplying the symmetric part of the gradient of the velocity field by the dynamic viscosity of the cell culture media. The shear stress algorithm was validated by modeling flow between infinite parallel plates and comparing the calculated shear stress distribution to the analytical solution. Relating the simulation results to perfusion experiments, an average surface shear stress of 5 x 10(-5) Pa was found to correspond to increased cell proliferation, while higher shear stresses were associated with upregulation of bone marker genes. This modeling approach can be used to compare results obtained for different perfusion bioreactor systems or different scaffold microarchitectures and may allow specific shear stresses to be determined that optimize the amount, type, or distribution of in vitro tissue growth. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Henry Ford Hosp, Ctr Bone & Joint, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fyhrie, D (reprint author), Henry Ford Hosp, Ctr Bone & Joint, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 2799 W Grand Bldv, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM fyhrie@bjc.hfh.edu NR 24 TC 197 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.011 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 895SS UT WOS:000226884200018 PM 15652553 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Steele, WV TI Thermodynamic properties of 2-methylquinoline and 8-methylquinoline SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURES; COMBUSTION; NITROGEN; ENTHALPIES; PETROLEUM; QUINOLINE AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous 2-methylquinoline (Chemical Abstracts registry number [91-63-41) and 8-methylquinoline (Chemical Abstracts registry number [611-32-5]) are reported. Experimental methods include oxygen bomb calorimetry, adiabatic heat capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densitometry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). The critical temperature was measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. The critical pressure and critical density were estimated. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation were derived at selected temperatures between 298.15 K and 700 K. All results are compared with experimental values reported in the literature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 697 EP 708 DI 10.1021/je049595u PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 905KI UT WOS:000227566600069 ER PT J AU Guillemin, R Stolte, WC Dang, LTN Yu, SW Lindle, DW AF Guillemin, R Stolte, WC Dang, LTN Yu, SW Lindle, DW TI Fragmentation dynamics of H2S following S 2p photoexcitation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEXCITATION; ION-PAIR FORMATION; DECAY CHANNELS; AUGER DECAY; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; YIELD SPECTROSCOPY; ANION FORMATION; EXCITED STATES; DCL MOLECULES; HCL AB The fragmentation dynamics of core-excited H2S has been studied by means of partial anion and cation yield measurements around the S L-2,L-3-subshell ionization thresholds. All detectable ionic fragments are reported, and significant differences between partial ion yields are observed. Possible dissociation pathways are discussed by comparison to previous studies of electron spectra. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guillemin, R (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 9 AR 094318 DI 10.1063/1.1860012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904GE UT WOS:000227483300039 PM 15836139 ER PT J AU Piancastelli, MN Stolte, WC Guillemin, R Wolska, A Yu, SW Sant'Anna, MM Lindle, DW AF Piancastelli, MN Stolte, WC Guillemin, R Wolska, A Yu, SW Sant'Anna, MM Lindle, DW TI Anion and cation-yield spectroscopy of core-excited SF6 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ION COINCIDENCE; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; RESONANCES; SPECTRA; VALENCE AB We report an extensive study on total and partial-ion-yield spectroscopy around both the S 2p and F 1s thresholds in SF6. All positive and negative single-ion channels have been measured. Below the F 1s threshold we detect a large variation in relative intensity of the resonant structures according to the specific channel monitored, indicating selective fragmentation. Above threshold, at variance with previous cases described by us, we detect high-intensity structures related to shape resonances not only in the cation channels but also for the anions. We discuss the applicability and limits of a model we have developed for the analysis of shape resonances in anion yields as a function of molecular size. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Dept Fis, BR-22452970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Piancastelli, MN (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dept Chem Sci & Technol, Rome, Italy. RI Wolska, Anna/A-5818-2012; Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 9 AR 094312 DI 10.1063/1.1855314 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904GE UT WOS:000227483300033 PM 15836133 ER PT J AU Tiago, ML Ismail-Beigi, S Louie, SG AF Tiago, ML Ismail-Beigi, S Louie, SG TI Photoisomerization of azobenzene from first-principles constrained density-functional calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; LOWEST ELECTRONIC STATES; TRANS-AZOBENZENE; CIS-AZOBENZENE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; ISOMERIZATION AB Despite considerable work in the field, the precise mechanism for the photoisomerization of azobenzene, C(12)H(10)N(2), is still an open issue. Early theoretical studies of the problem indicated that isomerization occurs through an in-plane inversion path, and this has been used to explain recent time-resolved UV-visible spectroscopy measurements. On the other hand, a number of recent theoretical studies have concluded that a torsion of the N-N bond ("rotation path") is probably the most favorable mechanism for photoisomerization involving the first excited state. We have performed first-principles calculations using constrained density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT in the local-density approximation, with results that also favor the rotation path mechanism. Our results are compared with other analyses, primarily based on configuration interaction. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tiago, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/F-2382-2014 OI Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab/0000-0002-7331-9624 NR 38 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 9 AR 094311 DI 10.1063/1.1861873 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904GE UT WOS:000227483300032 PM 15836132 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Russo, SP Snook, IK AF Barnard, AS Russo, SP Snook, IK TI Visualization of hybridization in nanocarbon systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanocarbon; hybridization; visualization; surface structure ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIAMOND PARTICLES; PHASE-STABILITY; NANODIAMOND; ENERGY; FULLERENES AB Identifying phase transitions involving the delamination of surfaces in nanocarbon systems is important in characterizing these systems. Subtle variations in structure and bonding may carry important chemical implications. Most molecular visualization programs use an algorithm based on the separation distance between atoms to render the bonds of input structures, which does not necessarily recognize the presence of bonds which are in slightly unusual environments e.g., strained bonds. We present here a reliable method of establishing the breaking of C-C bonds during the delamination of a bucky-diamond surface using the electronic charge density, along with a semi-quantitative method of visualizing changes in hybridization of C-C bonds. Using this technique the ambiguity associated with the assignment of bonds as sp(3) or sp(2) bonds may be reduced, and a clear picture of the bonding in nanocarbon systems constructed. We further illustrate the usefulness of this new technique by using it to analyze the bonding in some other carbon nanostructures which involve C-C bonds in unusual situations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011; snook, ian/A-3427-2009; Russo, Salvy/E-5837-2011; OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382; Russo, Salvy/0000-0003-3589-3040 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1546-1955 EI 1546-1963 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 943GI UT WOS:000230341100005 ER PT J AU Cook, AW Cabot, WH AF Cook, AW Cabot, WH TI Hyperviscosity for shock-turbulence interactions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE artificial viscosity; subgrid-scale model; shock capturing; turbulence ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; VISCOSITY; RESOLUTION; SCHEMES; MODEL AB An artificial viscosity is described, which functions as an effective subgrid-scale model for both high and low Mach number flows. The model employs a bulk viscosity for treating shocks and a shear viscosity for treating turbulence. Each of the viscosities contains an empirical constant; however, the constants do not require adjustment from flow to flow. A polyharmonic operator, applied to the strain rate, imparts spectral-like behavior to the model, thus eliminating the need for ad hoc limiters and/or "dynamic procedures" to turn off the model in smooth regions. The model gives excellent results for Shu's problem, Noh's problem and decaying turbulence. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, AW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM awcook@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 203 IS 2 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.09.011 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 902MK UT WOS:000227361000002 ER PT J AU Crockett, RK Colella, P Fisher, RT Klein, RI McKee, CF AF Crockett, RK Colella, P Fisher, RT Klein, RI McKee, CF TI An unsplit, cell-centered Godunov method for ideal MHD SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics; numerical approximation; stability and convergence of difference schemes ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOWS; APPROXIMATE PROJECTION; EQUATIONS; ORDER; SCHEME; ALGORITHM; SOLVER; TESTS AB We present a second-order Godunov algorithm for multidimensional, ideal MHD. Our algorithm is based on the unsplit formulation of Colella (J. Comput. Phys. 87, 1990), with all of the primary dependent variables centered at the same location. To properly represent the divergence-free condition of the magnetic fields, we apply a discrete projection to the intermediate values of the field at cell faces, and apply a filter to the primary dependent variables at the end of each time step. We test the method against a suite of linear and nonlinear tests to ascertain accuracy and stability of the scheme under a variety of conditions. The test suite includes rotated planar linear waves, MHD shock tube problems, low-beta flux tubes, and a magnetized rotor problem. For all of these cases, we observe that the algorithm is second-order accurate for smooth solutions, converges to the correct weak solution for problems involving shocks, and exhibits no evidence of instability or loss of accuracy due to the possible presence of non-solenoidal fields. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Crockett, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, MC 3411,601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rcrockett@astron.berkeley.edu RI Fisher, Robert/J-8667-2014 OI Fisher, Robert/0000-0001-8077-7255 NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 203 IS 2 BP 422 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.08.021 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 902MK UT WOS:000227361000005 ER PT J AU Ropp, DL Shadid, JN AF Ropp, DL Shadid, JN TI Stability of operator splitting methods for systems with indefinite operators: reaction-diffusion systems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS; SCHEMES AB In this paper numerical results are reviewed [D.L. Ropp, J.N. Shadid, C.C. Ober, Studies of the accuracy of time integration methods for reaction-diffusion equations, J. Comput. Phys. 194 (2) (2004) 544-574] that demonstrate that common second-order operator-splitting methods can exhibit instabilities when integrating the Brusselator equations out to moderate times of about seven periods of oscillation. These instabilities are manifested as high wave number spatial errors. In this paper, we further analyze this problem, and present a theorem for stability of operator-splitting methods applied to linear reaction -diffusion equations with indefinite reaction terms which controls both low and high wave number instabilities. A corollary shows that if L-stable methods are used for the diffusion term the high wave number instability will be controlled more easily. In the absence of L-stability, an additional time step condition that suppresses the high wave number modes appears to guarantee convergence at the asymptotic order for the operator-splitting method. Numerical results for a model problem confirm this theory, and results for the Brusselator problem agree as well. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ropp, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, MS 1110,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlropp@sandia.gov; jnshadi@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 203 IS 2 BP 449 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.09.004 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 902MK UT WOS:000227361000006 ER PT J AU Gwo, JP Jardine, PM Sanford, WE AF Gwo, JP Jardine, PM Sanford, WE TI Modeling field-scale multiple tracer injection at a low-level waste disposal site in fractured rocks: Effect of multiscale heterogeneity and source term uncertainty on conceptual understanding of mass transfer processes SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE model uncertainty; groundwater flow and transport; fractured porous medium; mass transfer; matrix diffusion ID STRUCTURED POROUS-MEDIA; MATRIX DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; FLOW; SIMULATION; SOLUTES; AQUIFER; SOIL AB Multiple factors may affect the scale-up of laboratory multi-tracer injection into structured porous media to the field. Under transient flow conditions and with multiscale heterogeneities in the field, previous attempts to scale-up laboratory experiments have not answered definitely the questions about the governing mechanisms and the spatial extent of the influence of small-scale mass transfer processes such as matrix diffusion. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of multiscale heterogeneity, mechanistic and site model conceptualization, and source term density effect on elucidating and interpreting tracer movement in the field. Tracer release and monitoring information previously obtained in a field campaign of multiple, conservative tracer injection under natural hydraulic gradients at a low-level waste disposal site in eastern Tennessee, United States, is used for the research. A suite of two-pore-domain, or fracture-matrix, groundwater flow and transport models are calibrated and used to conduct model parameter and prediction uncertainty analyses. These efforts are facilitated by a novel nested Latin-hypercube sampling technique. Our results verify, at field scale, a multiple-pore-domain, multiscale mechanistic conceptual model that was used previously to interpret only laboratory observations. The results also suggest that, integrated over the entire field site, mass flux rates attributable to small-scale mass transfer are comparable to that of field-scale solute transport. The uncertainty analyses show that fracture spacing is the most important model parameter and model prediction uncertainty is relatively higher at the interface between the preferred flow path and its parent bedrock. The comparisons of site conceptual models indicate that the effect of matrix diffusion may be confined to the immediate neighborhood of the preferential flow path. Finally, because the relatively large amount of tracer needed for field studies, it is likely that source term density effect may exaggerate or obscure the effect of matrix diffusion on the movement of tracers from the preferred flow path into the bedrock. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Geosci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gwo, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM jgwo@umbc.edu; jardinepm@ornl.gov; bills@cnr.colostate.edu RI Sanford, William/F-7380-2016 OI Sanford, William/0000-0001-9085-1367 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.12.002 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 905PQ UT WOS:000227581800005 PM 15722174 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Allen, DW Worden, K Farrar, CR AF Sohn, H Allen, DW Worden, K Farrar, CR TI Structural damage classification using extreme value statistics SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE extreme value statistics; novelty detection; damage detection; time series analysis; vibration test ID NOVELTY DETECTION; NEURAL-NETWORK AB The first and most important objective of any damage identification algorithm is to ascertain with confidence if damage is present or not. Many methods have been proposed for damage detection based on ideas of novelty detection founded in pattern recognition and multivariate statistics. The philosophy of novelty detection is simple. Features are first extracted from a baseline system to be monitored, and subsequent data are then compared to see if the new features are outliers, which significantly depart from the rest of population. In damage diagnosis problems, the assumption is that outliers are generated from a damaged condition of the monitored system. This damage classification necessitates the establishment of a decision boundary Choosing this threshold value is often based on the assumption that the parent distribution of data is Gaussian in nature. While the problem of novelty detection focuses attention on the outlier or extreme values of the data, i.e., those points in the tails of the distribution, the threshold selection using the normality assumption weights the central population of data. Therefore, this normality assumption might impose potentially misleading behavior on damage classification, and is likely to lead the damage diagnosis astray. In this paper, extreme value statistics is integrated with the novelty detection to specifically model the tails of the distribution of interest. Finally, the proposed technique is demonstrated on simulated numerical data and is likely to lead the damage diagnosis astray. In this paper, extreme value statistics is integrated with the novelty dectection to specifically model the tails of the distribution of interest. Finally, the proposed technique is demonstrated on simulated numerical data and time series data measured from an eight degree-of-freedom spring-mass system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Div Engn & Applicat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Dynam Res Grp, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Div Engn & Applicat Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008; Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1115/1.1849240 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 932BF UT WOS:000229528500014 ER PT J AU Lopez, EP Vianco, PT Rejent, JA AF Lopez, EP Vianco, PT Rejent, JA TI Solderability testing of Sn-Ag-XCu Pb-free solders on copper and Au-Ni-plated Kovar substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Pb-free solders; Sn-Ag-XCu; Cu substrates; Kovar substrates AB Solderability was evaluated for four Pb-free alloys: 95.5Sn-4.3Ag-0.2Cu (wt.%), 95.5Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu, 95-5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu, and 95.5Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu on oxygen-free electronic grade (OFE) Cu and Au-Ni plated Kovar substrates. The solderability metric was the contact angle, theta(c), as determined by the meniscometer/wetting balance technique. Tests were performed at 230 degrees C, 245 degrees C, and 260 degrees C using rosin-based, mildly activated (RMA) flux, a rosin-based (R) flux, and a low-solids (LS) flux. The Pb-free solders exhibited acceptable to poor solderability (35 degrees < theta(c) < 60 degrees) on Cu with the RMA flux. Nonwetting occurred in most tests using the R flux. Wetting was observed with the LS flux, but only at 245 degrees C and 260 degrees C and with high contact angles. The solderability of the Pb-free solders improved at all test temperatures on the Au-Ni plated Kovar substrate when using the RMA flux (30 degrees < theta(c) < 50 degrees). Wetting was observed with the R flux (35 degrees < theta(c) < 60 degrees) and LS flux (50 degrees < theta(c) < 85 degrees) for all temperatures. The Pb-free solders had generally lower wetting rates and longer wetting times on Cu than the 63Sn-37Pb solder. The wetting rate and wetting time data were superior on the Au-Ni plated Kovar substrates. In general, solderability, as measured by theta(c) along with the wetting rate and wetting time, did not exhibit a consistent dependence on the composition of the Sn-Ag-XCu (X = 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) alloys. The better performers were 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu alloy with the RMA flux (both Cu and Au-Ni plated Kovar) and 95.5Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu with the R and LS fluxes (Au-Ni-Kovar, only). The solder-flux interfacial tension, gamma(LF), had a significant impact on the theta(c) values. The magnitudes of the contact angle 0, suggested that the four Pb-free solders would experience higher solderability defect counts at the printed wiring assembly level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lopez, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eplopez@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0217-z PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 911TS UT WOS:000228028700011 ER PT J AU Nie, JS Ellingwood, BR AF Nie, JS Ellingwood, BR TI Finite element-based structural reliability assessment using efficient directional simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE computation; finite element method; probability; structural reliability; simulation; steel frames; structural engineering ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHOD; LOAD CRITERIA; DESIGN; CODE; POINTS AB Reliability analysis of structural systems often requires finite element (FE)-based simulation to estimate failure probabilities. Common simulation methods, even those incorporating variation reduction techniques, usually involve a very large number of FE analyses to achieve acceptable accuracy. A recently developed directional approach significantly improves the efficiency of directional simulation by utilizing deterministic point sets to preserve the underlying joint probability distribution of the random vector describing the structure and by employing neural networks to focus the simulation effort in the significant regions. This paper investigates the application of this method to structural system reliability analysis. The method is illustrated using deformation-based system limit states, proposed for performance-based engineering, for two plane steel frames. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Engn, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nie, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Bldg 130, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jnie@bnl.gov; bruce.ellingwood@ce.gatech.edu NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 3 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:3(259) PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 898XI UT WOS:000227109100005 ER PT J AU Sheehan, JR Doll, WE Mandell, WA AF Sheehan, JR Doll, WE Mandell, WA TI An evaluation of methods and available software for seismic refraction tomography analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Seismic refraction tomography is an alternative to conventional seismic refraction analysis methods. While the limitations and potential pitfalls of conventional refraction methods are well-known the same is not true for refraction tomography. As refraction tomography becomes more widely used, the need to know and understand its capabilities as well as its limitations becomes more critical. In this study we created eight representative models for use in evaluating three commercially available codes as well as refraction tomography in general. These models range from simple two-layer or dipping-layer problems to more complicated models designed to represent features of karst terrains. We demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively that all three codes perform at a similar level, although each has strengths and weaknesses. Refraction tomography performs well in many situations where conventional methods fail, e.g., where lateral or vertical gradients compose a significant component of the velocity structure. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sheehan, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.2113/JEEG10.1.21 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 913XE UT WOS:000228188100002 ER PT J AU Hanf, RW Kelly, LM AF Hanf, RW Kelly, LM TI An assessment of drinking-water supplies on the Hanford Sites: An evaluation conducted at a federal nuclear facility in southeastern Washington State SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Drinking water is supplied to most U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities on the Hanford Site by DOE-owned, contractor-operated pumping and distribution systems. Water is primarily obtained from the Columbia River, but some facilities use water from on-site groundwater wells. Because of the large amount of radioactive and chemical waste produced, stored, and disposed of at Hanford, some people are concerned that waste materials are contaminating on-site drinking-water supplies. This paper describes the drinking-water facilities and treatment requirements on the Hanford Site and summarizes radiological and non-radiological water quality data obtained from water samples collected from each drinking-water system in use during 2001 and 2002. Monitoring data show that Hanford-produced radionuclides are measurable in some drinking-water samples. The only non-radiological contaminants detected either were by-products of the chlorination process or came from off-site agricultural activities. Contaminant level values were, in all cases, below state and federal drinking-water limits. This information will provide assurance to current employees and future site developers that drinking water on the Hanford Site is safe for public consumption. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hanf, RW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99,K6-75, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hanf@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 67 IS 7 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 901MO UT WOS:000227286800005 PM 15794463 ER PT J AU Gee, GW AF Gee, GW TI Comments on "Improvements to measuring water flux in the vadose zone" (K.C. Masarik, J.M. Norman, K.R. Brye, and J.M. Baker; J. Environ. Qual. 33 : 1152-1158). SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Letter C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gee, GW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glendon.gee@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 408 EP 409 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911OV UT WOS:000228014800001 PM 15758090 ER PT J AU Hurtado, JE Robinett, RD AF Hurtado, JE Robinett, RD TI Convergence of Newton's method via Lyapunov analysis SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, TAMU 3141, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Transportat Security Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hurtado, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, TAMU 3141, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jehurtado@tamu.edu; rdrobin@sandia.gov RI Hurtado, John/F-8280-2011 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 2 BP 363 EP 365 DI 10.2514/1.9437 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 906IB UT WOS:000227633200021 ER PT J AU Croshaw, DA AF Croshaw, DA TI Cryptic behavior is independent of dorsal color polymorphism in juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens) SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATTERN POLYMORPHISMS; PSEUDACRIS-ORNATA; PREDATION; SELECTION; VISION; TEMPERATURE; ANURANS; REGILLA; SNAKES; GREEN AB Animals that are susceptible to predation sometimes engage in crypsis to conceal themselves from predators. Such behavior often consists of background color matching via substrate choice. Intraspecific color variation may result in differential substrate preference among color morphs. I investigated this idea using juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens), which exhibit either green or brown background color. Both color morphs spent more time on dark, concealing substrates than light, revealing ones and hopped less frequently when located on dark, concealing substrates. Frogs did not respond differently to green and brown fabric substrates, and they preferred brown natural substrates over green ones. Because green and brown frogs did not behave differently in any experiment, this study suggests that juvenile Northern Leopard Frogs exhibit a generalized cryptic behavior pattern independent of background body color. C1 Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pellston, MI 49769 USA. RP Croshaw, DA (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM croshaw@srel.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0125:CBIIOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 912BX UT WOS:000228053200016 ER PT J AU Batra, P Kaplan, DE AF Batra, P Kaplan, DE TI Perturbative, non-supersymmetric completions of the little Higgs SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spontaneous symmetry breaking; global symmetries; beyond standard model ID COMPOSITE HIGGS; ELECTROWEAK CORRECTIONS; BREAKING; MASS; SCALARS; PHYSICS; SU(2) AB The little Higgs mechanism produces a light 100 GeV Higgs while raising the natural cutoff from 1TeV to 10TeV. We attempt an iterative little Higgs mechanism to produce multiple factors of 10 between the cutoff and the 100 GeV Higgs mass in a perturbative theory. In the renormalizable sector of the theory, all quantum corrections to the Higgs mass proportional to mass scales greater than 1TeV are absent - this includes quadratically divergent, log-divergent, and finite loops at all orders. However, even loops proportional to scales just a factor of 10 above the Higgs ( or any other scalar) mass come with large numerical factors that reintroduce fine-tuning. Top loops, for example, produce an expansion parameter of not 1/pi but 1/5. The geometric increase in the number of fields at higher energies simply exacerbates this problem. We build a complete two-stage model up to 100 TeV, show that direct sensitivity of the electroweak scale to the cutoff is erased, and estimate the tuning due to large numerical factors. We then discuss the possibility, in a toy model with only scalar and gauge fields, of generating a tower of little Higgs theories and show that the theory quickly becomes a large-N gauge theory with similar to N fundamental scalars. We find evidence that at least this toy model could successfully generate light scalars with an exponentially large cutoff in the absence of supersymmetry or strong dynamics. The fine-tuning is not completely eliminated, but evidence suggests that this result is model dependent. We then speculate as to how one might marry a working tower of fields of this type at high scales to a realistic theory at the weak scale. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbatra@post.harvard.edu; dkaplan@pha.jhu.edu NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 IS 3 AR 028 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 925NE UT WOS:000229059000053 ER PT J AU Harnik, R Perez, G Schwartz, MD Shirman, Y AF Harnik, R Perez, G Schwartz, MD Shirman, Y TI Strong CP, flavor, and twisted split fermions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in higher dimensions; beyond standard model; CP violation ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MODEL; GAUGE-SYMMETRY; VIOLATION; QUARK; SUPERSYMMETRY; PARITY AB We present a natural solution to the strong CP problem in the context of split fermions. By assuming CP is spontaneously broken in the bulk, a weak CKM phase is created in the standard model due to a twisting in flavor space of the bulk fermion wave-functions. But the strong CP phase remains zero, being essentially protected by parity in the bulk and CP on the branes. As always in models of spontaneous CP breaking, radiative corrections to theta bar from the standard model are tiny, but even higher dimension operators are not that dangerous. The twisting phenomenon was recently shown to be generic, and not to interfere with the way that split fermions naturally weaves small numbers into the standard model. It follows that our approach to strong CP is compatible with flavor, and we sketch a comprehensive model. We also look at deconstructed version of this setup which provides a viable 4D model of spontaneous CP breaking which is not in the Nelson-Barr class. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harnik, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roni@socrates.berkeley.edu; gperez@lbl.gov; mdschwartz@lbl.gov; shirman@lanl.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 IS 3 AR 068 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 925NE UT WOS:000229059000013 ER PT J AU Liehr, T Weier, HUG AF Liehr, T Weier, HUG TI 14(th) Workshop on Fetal Cells and Fetal DNA SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Jena, Inst Human Genet & Anthropol, D-07740 Jena, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Liehr, T (reprint author), Univ Jena, Inst Human Genet & Anthropol, D-07740 Jena, Germany. EM i8lith@mti.uni-jena.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 253 EP 254 DI 10.1369/jhc.E56617.2005 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 905PA UT WOS:000227580100001 PM 15749996 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG Weier, JF Renom, MO Zheng, XZ Colls, P Nureddin, A Pham, CD Chu, LW Racowsky, C Munne, S AF Weier, HUG Weier, JF Renom, MO Zheng, XZ Colls, P Nureddin, A Pham, CD Chu, LW Racowsky, C Munne, S TI Fluorescence in situ hybridization of human oocytes and first polar and spectral imaging analysis bodies SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Fetal Cells and Fetal DNA CY APR 17-18, 2004 CL Friedrich Schiller Univ, Jena, GERMANY HO Friedrich Schiller Univ DE aneuploid; oocytes; polar bodies; fertilization; cytogenetics; fluorescence in situ; hybridization ID CHROMOSOME-ABNORMALITIES; MATERNAL AGE AB We investigated the frequencies of abnormalities involving either chromosome 1, 16, 18, or 21 in failed-fertilized human oocytes. Although abnormalities involving chromosome 16 showed an age-dependent increase, results for the other chromosomes did not show statistically significant differences among the three age groups, < 35 years, 35-39 years, and > 39 years. The scoring of four chromosomes is likely to underestimate the true rate of aneuploid cells. Therefore, for a pilot study investigating a more-comprehensive analysis of oocytes and their corresponding first polar bodies, we developed a novel eight-probe chromosome enumeration scheme using fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral imaging analysis. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Reprogenet LLC, San Francisco, CA USA. Reprogenet LLC, W Orange, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Biol, Boston, MA USA. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ulliweier@hotmail.com FU NICHD NIH HHS [1-R44-HD-44313] NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1369/jhc.4B6391.2005 PG 4 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 905PA UT WOS:000227580100004 PM 15749999 ER PT J AU Kollet, S AF Kollet, S TI Comment on "Sensitivity analysis and determination of streambed leakance and aquifer hydraulic properties" By Xunhong Chen and Xi Chen, Journal of Hydrology, 2003, vol. 284, 270-284 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE stream-aquifer interactions; pumping test ID FLOW DEPLETION; WELL; DRAWDOWN C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kollet, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 7000 East Ave,L-206, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kollet2@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 303 IS 1-4 BP 328 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.09.026 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 906TV UT WOS:000227667300024 ER PT J AU Masanovic, ML Lal, V Summers, JA Barton, JS Skogen, EJ Rau, LG Coldren, LA Blumenthal, DJ AF Masanovic, ML Lal, V Summers, JA Barton, JS Skogen, EJ Rau, LG Coldren, LA Blumenthal, DJ TI Widely tunable monolithically integrated all-optical wavelength converters in InP SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI); photonic integrated circuits (PICs); tunable laser; tunable wavelength converter; wavelength conversion; wavelength converter ID MULTIMODE INTERFERENCE DEVICES; MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; AMPLIFIERS; LASER; CONVERSION; DESIGN; 3-PORT; CHIRP AB Design, fabrication, and characterization of monolithically integrated widely tunable all-optical wavelength Converters in InP is reported. The devices are based on the SGDBR laser integrated with different MZI-SOA wavelength converters. Error-free wavelength conversion at 2.5 Gbps was demonstrated over 50 nm input and 22 nm output wavelength range. Static operation, extinction ratio enhancement, signal reamplification, dynamic range, and chirp properties were characterized as well. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Calif Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Masanovic, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM mashan@ece.ucsb.edu NR 26 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1350 EP 1362 DI 10.1109/JLT.2005.843464 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 915LD UT WOS:000228304800048 ER PT J AU Minard, KR Timchalk, C Corley, RA AF Minard, KR Timchalk, C Corley, RA TI T-2-shortening of He-3 gas by magnetic microspheres SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE T-2; He-3; gas; microspheres; MRI ID SPATIALLY-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; LUNG IN-VIVO; HYPERPOLARIZED HE-3; TRANSVERSE RELAXATION; MICROSCOPY; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; MRI; INHOMOGENEITIES; FERRITIN AB In a gas-filled material like the lung parenchyma, the transverse relaxation time (T-2) for He-3 is shortened by the deposition of magnetic microspheres and rapid molecular diffusion through induced field distortions. Here, this unique relaxation process is described theoretically and predicted T-2-shortening is validated using pressurized He-3 gas in a foam model of alveolar airways. Results demonstrate that: (1) significant T-2-shortening is induced by microsphere deposition, (2) shortened He-3 T(2)s are accurately predicted, and (3) measured relaxation times are exploitable for quantifying local deposition patterns. Based on these findings the feasibility of imaging inhaled particulates in vivo with hyperpolarized He-3 is examined and performance projections are formulated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Minard, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.minard@pnl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL073598] NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 173 IS 1 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.11.026 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 898VE UT WOS:000227103500012 PM 15705517 ER PT J AU Wu, J Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C AF Wu, J Zheng, H Mitchell, JF Leighton, C TI Colossal magneto transport phenomena due to phase competition in Pr1-x(CaySr1-y)(x)MnO3 single crystals SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE manganites; colossal magnetoresistance; phase separation; metal-insulator transition ID PEROVSKITE MANGANITES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION; CHARGE; WIRES; NANOCONTACTS; TEMPERATURE; SEPARATION AB We present a magnetotransport investigation of single crystal Pr-0.65(Ca0.75Sr0.25)(0.35)MnO3 a manganite system specifically tailored to result in a close competition between ferromagnetic metallic and charge ordered antiferromagnetic insulating phases. Below 165 K these phases coexist spatially, with application of a magnetic field favoring the ferromagnetic metallic phase, leading to a magnetoresistance ratio of > 10(10) in a 2T magnetic field. Isothermal resistivity vs. field measurements reveal some previously unobserved features accompanying the insulator to metal transition. In addition to unexpected fine structure that occurs as the ferromagnetic metallic phase grows to engulf the entire sample, we observe an intriguing "overshoot" phenomenon in both temperature and field-driven insulator metal transitions. The resistivity is found to reach a sharp minimum (lower even than the pure ferromagnetic metallic phase) close to the point where the metallic phase percolates. These features are explored in detail and we discuss possible explanations of the effects in terms of pinning of the spatial boundary between the magnetic phases, and the unusual transport effects that could occur when the current flows through a barely percolated path. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 151 Amundson Hall,421 Washington, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu OI Wu, Jianzhong/0000-0002-4582-5941 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 288 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.005 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 904FF UT WOS:000227480800019 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Zhang, XG AF Wang, XD Zhang, XG TI Spin symmetry and spin current of helicity eigenstates of the Luttinger Hamiltonian SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE spin hall effect; Luttinger Hamiltonian AB A general spin symmetry argument is proposed for spin currents in semiconductors. In particular, due to the symmetry with respect to spin polarization of the helicity eigenstates of the Luttinger Hamiltonian for a hole-doped semiconductor, the spin polarized flux from a single helicity eigenstate induced by an external electric field, is canceled exactly when all such contributions from eigenstates that are degenerate in energy Lire summed. Thus, the net spin current predicted by Murakami et al. (Science 301 (2003) 1348), cannot be produced by such a Hamiltonian. Possible symmetry breaking mechanisms which may generate a spin Current Lire discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xgz@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 288 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.109 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 904FF UT WOS:000227480800037 ER PT J AU Hodge, AM Biener, J Hsiung, LL Wang, YM Hamza, AV Satcher, JH AF Hodge, AM Biener, J Hsiung, LL Wang, YM Hamza, AV Satcher, JH TI Monolithic nanocrystalline Au fabricated by the compaction of nanoscale foam SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAS DEPOSITION METHOD; THERMAL-STABILITY; COPPER; BEHAVIOR AB We describe a two-step dealloying/compaction process to produce nanocrystalline An. First, nanocrystalline/nanoporous Au foam was synthesized by electrochemically driven dealloying. The resulting An foams exhibited porosities of similar to 60% with pore sizes of 40 and 100 nm and a typical grain size of < 50 nm. Second, the nanoporous foams were fully compacted to produce nanocrystalline monolithic An. The compacted Au was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction and tested by depth-sensing nanoindentation. The compacted nanocrystalline Au exhibited an average grain size of < 50 nm and hardness values ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 GPa, which were up to 4.5 times higher than the hardness values obtained from polycrystalline Au. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synthesis & Characterizat Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hodge, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synthesis & Characterizat Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hodge4@llnl.gov RI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 554 EP 557 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0081 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928SY UT WOS:000229293200002 ER PT J AU Xu, HW Navrotsky, A Nyman, MD Nenoff, TM AF Xu, HW Navrotsky, A Nyman, MD Nenoff, TM TI Octahedral microporous phases Na2Nb2-xTiO6-x(OH)(x)center dot H2O and their related perovskites: Crystal chemistry, energetics, and stability relations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; MINERAL PHARMACOSIDERITE; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; TEMPERATURE; NIOBATE; CALORIMETRY; STRONTIUM; RADII; SOMS; TI AB A family of microporous phases with compositions Na2Nb2-xTiO6-x(OH)(x)(H2O)-H-. (0 <= x <= 0.4) transform to Na2Nb2-xTixO6-0.5x perovskites upon heating. In this study, we have measured the enthalpies of formation of the microporous phases and their corresponding perovskites from the constituent oxides and from the elements by drop solution calorimetry in 3Na(2)O(.)4MoO(3) solvent at 974 K. As Ti/Nb increases, the enthalpies of formation for the inicroporous phases become less exothermic up to x = similar to 0.2 but then more exothermic thereafter. In contrast, the formation enthalpies for the corresponding perovskites become less exothermic across the series. The energetic disparity between the two series can be attributed to their different mechanisms of ionic substitutions: Nb5+ + O2- -> Ti4+ + OH- for the microporous phases and Nb5+ -> Ti4+ + 0.5V(O)(..) for the perovskites. From the calorimetric data for the two series, the enthalpies of the dehydration reaction, Na2Nb2-xTixO6-x(OH)(x)(H2O)-H-. -> Na2Nb2-xTixO6-0.5x + H2O, have been derived, and their implications for phase stability at the synthesis conditions are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT, ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xu, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, LANSCE 12, MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hxu@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0100 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928SY UT WOS:000229293200012 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS AF Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS TI Silver-copper oxide based reactive air braze for joining yttria-stabilized zirconia SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALUMINA AB We investigated a new method of ceramic-to-metal joining, referred to as reactive air brazing, as a potential method of sealing ceramic components in high-temperature electrochemical devices. Sessile drop wetting experiments and joint strength testing were conducted using yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates and CuO-Ag-based air brazes. Results from our studies indicate that the wettability of the braze improves substantially with increasing CuO content, over a compositional range of 1-8 mol% CuO, which is accompanied by an increase in the bend strength of the corresponding brazed YSZ joint. The addition of a small amount of TiO2 (0.5 mol%) to the CuO-Ag braze further improves wettability due to the formation of a titanium zirconate reaction product along the braze/substrate interface. However, with one notable exception, the bend strength of these ternary braze joints remained nearly identical to those measured in comparable binary braze joints. Scanning electron microscopy analysis conducted on the corresponding fracture surfaces indicated that in the binary braze joints, failure occurs primarily at the braze/YSZ interface. Similarly in the case of the ternary, TiO2-doped brazes joint failure occurs predominantly along the interface between the braze filler metal and the underlying titanium zirconate reaction layer. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0088 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928SY UT WOS:000229293200014 ER PT J AU List, FA Heatherly, L Lee, DF Leonard, KJ Goyal, A AF List, FA Heatherly, L Lee, DF Leonard, KJ Goyal, A TI Oxidation of carbon on nickel-based metallic substrates: Implications for high-temperature superconductor coated conductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; TEMPLATES; TEXTURE; SULFUR; OXYGEN; CO AB Adhesion of thin films of epitaxial oxides to nickel-based metallic Substrates is important for the successful development of high-temperature superconductor coated conductors. Detachment of epitaxial oxide buffer layers at the oxide/metal interface during either oxide growth or subsequent processing renders the conductor useless. In this study, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) has been used to identify and understand one of the causes of buffer layer detachment, oxidation of carbon at the oxide-metal interface to form carbon monoxide. Results of TDS indicate that on the surface of a bare nickel-based alloy substrate, the rate of carbon oxidation depends on both the supply of carbon from the substrate and the supply of oxygen from the vapor. Sulfur at the surface of the alloy substrate reduces the rate of carbon oxidation. The effectiveness of various treatments of the bare substrate to eliminate CO formation and epitaxial oxide detachment has been demonstrated. TDS provides both a means to evaluate the kinetics of the oxidation reaction and a tool to assess the need and effectiveness of a substrate oxidation treatment. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP List, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fal@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0103 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928SY UT WOS:000229293200031 ER PT J AU Georgiev, G Cebe, P Capel, M AF Georgiev, G Cebe, P Capel, M TI Effects of nematic polymer liquid crystal on crystallization and structure of PET/Vectra blends SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LAMELLAR 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; TIME-RESOLVED SAXS; ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE) PET; MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; ACETONE SORPTION; LAYER STATISTICS; ETHER KETONE) AB We investigate the effects of a nematic liquid crystalline polymer, Vectra A, on the structure and properties of its blends with a semicrystalline polymer, poly(ethylene terephthalate),PET. PET/Vectra blend composition ranged from 100/0 to 60/40. Real-time, in situ studies of isothermal and non-isothermal melt crystallizations of these blends were conducted using simultaneous wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and quantitative polarizing optical microscopy. All techniques confirm that the addition of Vectra nematic liquid crystal delays the onset of crystallization,and affects the degree of crystallinity and structural parameters such as Bragg long period,lamellar thickness and linear stack crystallinity. SAXS results indicate that some of the Vectra component penetrates into the interlamellar regions of the crystal stacks. Vectra interrupts the entangled polymer network making it more difficult for lamellar crystals to nucleate. Slower nucleation and growth result in increased perfection of the PET crystals grown isothermally, but reduces the crystallization temperature of PET crystals grown non-isothermally causing these crystals to be less perfect. (C) 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cebe, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM peggy.cebe@tufts.edu NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1152 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-6930-4 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 910TT UT WOS:000227955800013 ER PT J AU Ames, RL Way, JD Bluhm, EA AF Ames, RL Way, JD Bluhm, EA TI Dehydration of nitric acid using perfluoro carboxylate ionomer membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composite membranes; diffusion; ion-exchange membranes; membrane preparation and structure; pervaporation; nitric acid dehydration ID ANGLE X-RAY; ION-EXCHANGE POLYMERS; NAFION MEMBRANES; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATE POLYMERS; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; PERVAPORATION; WATER; SCATTERING; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR AB Investigations determined the feasibility of using perfluoro, carboxylate ionomer films for the dehydration of nitric acid. Motivation for this effort was the speculation of improved water selectivity (nitrate rejection) for the carboxylate film when compared to the dehydration using perfluoro, sulfonate or sulfonate/carboxylate composite films. The methodology used was to generate solution cast perfluoro, carboxylate ionomer films, characterize the film and to assess the film's aqueous transport performance. Experimental results suggest that the cast films had a reduction in ion-exchange capacities when compared to "as received" films by as much as 56% due to the generation of an ester form of the ionomer during the dissolution/casting process. Nitric acid pervaporation experiments showed that permeate fluxes were two orders of magnitude smaller for the cast films when compared to ionomer sulfonate films of similar thickness (sulfonated Nafion(TM) 111). Water separation efficiencies (alpha) were demonstrated to be one order of magnitude higher for the carboxylate cast films when compared to sulfonated Nafion(TM) 111. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87575 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ames, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87575 USA. EM rames@mines.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 249 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.09.033 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 900AN UT WOS:000227187900007 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ AF Stevens, FJ TI Efficient recognition of protein fold at low sequence identity by conservative application of Psi-BLAST: validation SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE protein homology; evolution; hypothetical proteins; protein function ID TWILIGHT ZONE; STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; FUNCTION PREDICTIONS; GENOME ANNOTATION; DATABASE SEARCHES; DATA-BANK; ALIGNMENT; DOMAINS; BLOCKS AB A substantial fraction of protein sequences derived from genomic analyses is currently classified as representing 'hypothetical proteins of unknown function'. In part, this reflects the limitations of methods for comparison of sequences with very low identity. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Psi-BLAST search strategy to identify proteins of similar fold at low sequence identity. Psi-BLAST searches for structurally characterized low-sequence-identity matches were carried out on a set of over 300 proteins of known structure. Searches were conducted in NCBI's non-redundant database and were limited to three rounds. Some 614 potential homologs with 25% or lower sequence identity to 166 members of the search set were obtained. Disregarding the expect value, level of sequence identity and span of alignment, correspondence of fold between the target and potential homolog was found in more than 95% of the Psi-BLAST matches. Restrictions on expect value or span of alignment improved the false positive rate at the expense of eliminating many true homologs. Approximately three-quarters of the putative homologs obtained by three rounds of Psi-BLAST revealed no significant sequence similarity to the target protein upon direct sequence comparison by BLAST, and therefore could not be found by a conventional search. Although three rounds of Psi-BLAST identified many more homologs than a standard BLAST search, most homologs were undetected. It appears that more than 80% of all homologs to a target protein may be characterized by a lack of significant sequence similarity. We suggest that conservative use of Psi-BLAST has the potential to propose experimentally testable functions for the majority of proteins currently annotated as 'hypothetical proteins of unknown function'. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley A Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 77 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1002/jmr.721 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 907GQ UT WOS:000227704400002 PM 15558595 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ Kuemmel, C Babnigg, G Collart, FR AF Stevens, FJ Kuemmel, C Babnigg, G Collart, FR TI Efficient recognition of protein fold at low sequence identity by conservative application of Psi-BLAST: application SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE protein homology; evolution; organophosphorus compounds; hypothetical proteins; protein function ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; FUNCTION PREDICTIONS; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; GENOME; BRCA1; DATABASE; SITE; P53 AB Based on a study involving structural comparisons of proteins sharing 25% or less sequence identity, three rounds of Psi-BLAST appear capable of identifying remote evolutionary homologs with greater than 95% confidence provided that more than 50% of the query sequence can be aligned with the target sequence. Since it seems that more than 80% of all homologous protein pairs may be characterized by a lack of significant sequence similarity, the experimental biologist is often confronted with a lack of guidance from conventional homology searches involving pair-wise sequence comparisons. The ability to disregard levels of sequence identity and expect value in Psi-BLAST if at least 50% of the query sequence has been aligned allows for generation of new hypotheses by consideration of matches that are conventionally disregarded. In one example, we suggest a possible evolutionary linkage between the cupredoxin and immunoglobulin fold families. A thermostable hypothetical protein of unknown function may be a circularly permuted homolog to phosphotriesterase, an enzyme capable of detoxifying organophosphate nerve agents. In a third example, the amino acid sequence of another hypothetical protein of unknown function reveals the ATP binding-site, metal binding site, and catalytic sidechain consistent with kinase activity of unknown specificity. This approach significantly expands the utility of existing sequence data to define the primary structure degeneracy of binding sites for substrates, cofactors and other proteins. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley B Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2 BP 150 EP 157 DI 10.1002/jmr.719 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 907GQ UT WOS:000227704400003 PM 15593246 ER PT J AU Greninger, DA Pathak, S Talin, AA Dentinger, PM AF Greninger, DA Pathak, S Talin, AA Dentinger, PM TI Silver growth on micropatterned DNA chips: Effect of growth conditions and morphology on I-V behavior SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microfabrication; DNA detection; nanoparticles; silver amplification; geometrical patterning; DNA conductivity ID HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE NANOWIRES; NANOPARTICLE PROBES; MOLECULES; SURFACES; ARRAY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; HYBRIDIZATION; FABRICATION; PROTEIN; WIRE AB An approach to the design of DNA-based electronics is presented, in which standard microfabrication processes are integrated with lithographic patterning of single-stranded oligonucleotides followed by hybridization to gold-labeled, complementary oligonucleotides and subsequent silver enhancement for signal amplification. The resulting bioinorganic devices demonstrate micron-sized geometric features, very little non-specific silver growth, a distinct silver morphology in the patterned region, and a 10(9)-fold increase in conductivity across an electrode gap when compared with control devices. This approach may prove useful for the fabrication of high fidelity, high-density arrays for DNA-based biosensing applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pathak, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.082 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 916EV UT WOS:000228369100007 PM 15913247 ER PT J AU Corrales, LR AF Corrales, LR TI Free energy profiles of Al3+ and La3+ cation distribution in silica and soda silicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LA2O3-NA2O-SIO2 GLASSES; SODIUM AB The factors that control the distribution of Al3+ and La3+ cations in silica and soda silicate glasses is examined by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In particular, the response of the glass network to the presence of metal oxide is probed using a liquid state theory that treats the glass network as a solvent and the metal cation as a solute. MD simulations are used to obtain the mean solvent-solute and solute-solute force. The trajectory used to determine the free energy is analyzed to determine the stable configurations of a cation pair. Details of determining the potential of mean force for an Al cation pair in silica and silicate glass is presented. A comparison of these results with those previously calculated for a La cation pair in the same glass systems is given. The results reveal that there are differences in how the network accommodates the two different size cations. It is found that for the potential used here, based on the Vessal potential, the network wraps itself around the larger La cation forming a solvent shell, whereas, the smaller Al cation is incorporated into the network backbone. In silica and soda silicate glasses, La ion pairs cluster to form La-O-La linkages. In contrast, the glasses favor a separated state of the Al ion pair. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 5 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.01.037 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 907TZ UT WOS:000227742200006 ER PT J AU Lipschultz, B Haasz, AA LaBombard, B Stangeby, PC Terry, JL Ulrickson, MA AF Lipschultz, B Haasz, AA LaBombard, B Stangeby, PC Terry, JL Ulrickson, MA TI Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipschultz, B (reprint author), MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.01.015 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500001 ER PT J AU Strachan, JD Alper, B Corrigan, G Erents, SK Giroud, C Korotkov, A Leggate, H Matthews, GF Pitts, RA Spence, J Stamp, M AF Strachan, JD Alper, B Corrigan, G Erents, SK Giroud, C Korotkov, A Leggate, H Matthews, GF Pitts, RA Spence, J Stamp, M TI Methane screening in JET reverse field experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE carbon impurities; edge plasma; impurity screening; JET; plasma flow ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; DIII-D; IMPURITIES; TRANSPORT; DIVERTOR; PLASMAS; JT-60U; EDGE AB JET plasmas with reverse magnetic field feature a different SOL flow than those with normal field. The observed carbon fuelling efficiency from injecting methane gas was similar in reverse and normal field. EDGE2D modeling used an externally applied force to create the SOL flows, without specifying the origin of the force. The resulting flow agreed reasonably with the experimental values between the separatrix and 4 cm mid-plane depth in the SOL. The effect of the flow on the calculated carbon screening was 5-15% higher carbon fuelling efficiency for the low flow velocity with reverse field. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13018 St Paul Les Durance, France. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, EURATOM Assoc, Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Strachan, JD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jstrachan@pppl.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.069 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500005 ER PT J AU Allen, SL Wampler, WR McLean, AG Whyte, DG West, WP Stangeby, PC Brooks, NH Rudakov, DL Phillips, V Rubel, M Matthews, GF Nagy, A Ellis, R Bozek, AS AF Allen, SL Wampler, WR McLean, AG Whyte, DG West, WP Stangeby, PC Brooks, NH Rudakov, DL Phillips, V Rubel, M Matthews, GF Nagy, A Ellis, R Bozek, AS TI C-13 transport studies in L-mode divertor plasmas on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; divertor plasma; re-deposition; impurity transport AB (CH4)-C-13 was injected with a toroidally-symmetric gas system into 22 identical lower-single-null L-mode discharges on DIII-D. The injection level was adjusted so that it did not significantly perturb the core or divertor plasmas, with a duration of similar to 3 s on each shot, for a total of similar to 300 T L of injected particles. The plasma shape remained very constant; the divertor strike points were controlled to similar to 1 cm at the divertor plate. At the beginning of the subsequent machine vent, 29 carbon tiles were removed for nuclear reaction analysis of C-13 content to determine regions of carbon deposition. It was found that only the tiles inboard of the inner strike point had appreciable 1 3 C above background. Visible spectroscopy measurements of the carbon injection and comparisons with modeling are consistent with carbon transport by means of scrape-off layer flow. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON MH3 5T6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92030 USA. FZJ Julich GmbH, EURATOM, Inst Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Royal Inst Technol, EURATOM VR, Alfven Lab, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Allen, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,7000 E Ave,L-637, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM allens@fusion.gat.com NR 3 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.066 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500006 ER PT J AU Elder, JD Stangeby, PC Whyte, DG Allen, SL McLean, A Boedo, JA Bray, BD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Lasnier, CJ Lisgo, S Rudakov, DL Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP AF Elder, JD Stangeby, PC Whyte, DG Allen, SL McLean, A Boedo, JA Bray, BD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Lasnier, CJ Lisgo, S Rudakov, DL Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP TI OEDGE modeling of C-13 deposition in the inner divertor of DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE carbon impurities; DIII-D; edge modeling; impurity transport; OEDGE ID JET AB Use of carbon in tokamaks leads to a major tritium retention issue due to co-deposition. To investigate this process a low power L-mode experiment was performed on DIII-D in which (CH4)-C-13 was puffed into the main vessel through the toroidally-symmetric pumping plenum at the top of lower single-null discharges. Subsequently, the C-13 content of tiles taken from the vessel wall was measured. The interpretive OEDGE code was used to model the results. It was found that the C-13 deposition pattern is controlled by: (a) source strength of C-13(+) (b) Delta r(s), radial location of the C-13, source, (c) D-perpendicular to, (d) M-parallel to, the scrape-off layer parallel Mach number. Best agreement was found for (a) similar to 50% conversion efficiency (CH4)-C-13 -> C-13(+), (b) Delta r(s), similar to+3.5 cm (outboard of separatrix) near (CH4)-C-13 injection location, (c) D-perpendicular to similar to 0.3 m(2)/s, (d) M-parallel to similar to 0.4 toward inside. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Downsview, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Elder, JD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM david@starfire.utias.utoronto.ca RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.138 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500016 ER PT J AU Allain, JP Brooks, JN Alman, DA Gonzalez, LE AF Allain, JP Brooks, JN Alman, DA Gonzalez, LE TI Model development and analysis of temperature-dependent lithium sputtering and sputtered Li+ transport for tokamak plasma-facing applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE liquid lithium; sputtering; low-energy reflection; molecular dynamics ID LIQUID LITHIUM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACE; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; PARTICLES; EXCHANGE AB We developed and applied models for overall (atom + ion) sputtering and sputtered Li+ transport of liquid lithium tokamak divertor surfaces. The model/analysis has four parts: (1) a temperature-dependent data-calibrated empirical/code (TRIM) model of lithium sputtering by D+ and Li+ as a function of incident particle energy and angle; (2) temperature and energy-dependent molecular dynamics (MolDyn) modeling using an effective interionic pair potential of surface-reflected redeposited Li+; (3) analytical model of reflected lithium charge state; and (4) analytic model of Li+ near-surface emission/redeposition cascade. We predict: (1) strong temperature dependence of sputter yields, (2) reflection coefficients of order 50% (thermal energies) and 10% (hyperthermal energies), (3) reflected lithium charge fractions of 10-30% near 1 eV incidence, and (4) enhanced but non-runaway Li emission for the studied surface temperature range between 473 and 653 K. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Teor, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM allain@anl.gov RI Gonzalez, Luis/O-8836-2014; PNM, GIR/O-7902-2014; OI Gonzalez, Luis/0000-0001-6264-8329; Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.144 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500019 ER PT J AU McLean, AG Elder, JD Stangeby, PC Allen, SL Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Lisgo, S Nagy, A Rudakov, DL Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG AF McLean, AG Elder, JD Stangeby, PC Allen, SL Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Lisgo, S Nagy, A Rudakov, DL Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG TI DIVIMP modeling of the toroidally symmetrical injection of (CH4)-C-13 into the upper SOL of DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE carbon impurities; DIII-D; DIVIMP; edge modeling; hydrocarbons ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; JET; PLASMA; FLOW AB As part of a study of carbon-tritium co-deposition, we carried out an experiment on DIII-D involving a toroidally symmetric injection of (CH4)-C-13 at the top of a LSN discharge. A Monte Carlo code, DIVIMP-HC, which includes molecular breakup of hydrocarbons, was used to model the region near the puff. The interpretive analysis indicates a parallel flow in the SOL of M-parallel to similar to 0.4 directed toward the inner divertor. The CH4 is ionized in the periphery of the SOL and so the particle confinement time, tau(c), is not high, only similar to 5 ms, and about 4X lower than if the CH4 were ionized at the separatrix. For such a wall injection location, however, approximately 60-75% of the CH4 gets ionized to C+, C2+, etc., and is efficiently transported along the SOL to the inner divertor, trapping hydrogen by co-deposition there. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP McLean, AG (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM adam.mclean@utoronto.ca RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.130 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500025 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Kugel, H Roquemore, AL Hogan, J Wampler, WR AF Skinner, CH Kugel, H Roquemore, AL Hogan, J Wampler, WR CA NSTX team TI Time resolved deposition measurements in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE carbon deposition; quartz microbalance; hydrocarbon radicals; NSTX; Monte Carlo simulation ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; QUARTZ MICROBALANCE; HYDROCARBON FILMS; WALL; GENERATION; EROSION; JET AB Time-resolved measurements of deposition in current tokamaks are crucial to gain a predictive understanding of deposition with a view to mitigating tritium retention and deposition on diagnostic mirrors expected in next-step devices. Two quartz crystal microbalances have been installed on NSTX at a location 0.77m outside the last closed flux surface. This configuration mimics a typical diagnostic window or mirror. The deposits were analyzed ex-situ and found to be dominantly carbon, oxygen and deuterium. A rear facing quartz crystal recorded deposition of lower sticking probability molecules at 10% of the rate of the front facing one. Time resolved measurements over a 4-week period with 497 discharges, recorded 29.2 mu g/cm(2) of deposition, however surprisingly, 15.9 mu g/cm(2) of material loss occurred at 7 discharges. The net deposited mass of 13.3 mu g/cm(2) matched the mass of 13.5 mu g/cm(2) measured independently by ion beam analysis. Monte Carlo modeling suggests that transient processes are likely to dominate the deposition. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87175 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmet.2004.10.076 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500026 ER PT J AU Wampler, WR Allen, SL McLean, AG West, WP AF Wampler, WR Allen, SL McLean, AG West, WP TI Measurements of carbon, deuterium and boron deposition in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; (CH4)-C-13 injection; nuclear reaction analysis; erosion/deposition; impurity transport ID DIVERTOR AB An experiment was recently conducted in DIII-D in which C-13 methane ((CH4)-C-13) was injected from the upper divertor plenum into 22 identical lower single null divertor L-mode plasmas. Twenty-nine graphite tiles were subsequently removed and analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of C-13 deposited on the main chamber wall and divertor. C-13 coverage was mapped by ion beam analysis using the C-13(He-3, p) N-15 nuclear reaction. This technique also measures deuterium, boron and C-12 content in the near-surface region of the tiles. The measurements show the C-13 is deposited mainly at the inner divertor. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON MH3 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wampler, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wrwampl@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 134 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.124 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500027 ER PT J AU Pitts, RA Andrew, P Bonnin, X Chankin, AV Corre, Y Corrigan, G Coster, D Duran, I Eich, T Erents, SK Fundamenski, W Huber, A Jachmich, S Kirnev, G Lehnen, M Lomas, PJ Loarte, A Matthews, GF Rapp, J Silva, C Stamp, MF Strachan, JD Tsitrone, E AF Pitts, RA Andrew, P Bonnin, X Chankin, AV Corre, Y Corrigan, G Coster, D Duran, I Eich, T Erents, SK Fundamenski, W Huber, A Jachmich, S Kirnev, G Lehnen, M Lomas, PJ Loarte, A Matthews, GF Rapp, J Silva, C Stamp, MF Strachan, JD Tsitrone, E CA EFDA-JET workprogramme TI Edge and divertor physics with reversed toroidal field in JET SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE SOL; particle drifts; JET; plasma flow; divertor ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; BOUNDARY PLASMA; MODELS; TOKAMAK; SOL; ASYMMETRIES; PARTICLE; DRIFTS; JT-60U; FLOW AB Asymmetries are a ubiquitous feature of the scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor plasmas in any tokamak and are thought to be driven primarily by a variety of drift flows, the directions of which reverse with reversal of the main toroidal field. The understanding of precisely how these field dependent drifts combine to yield any given experimental observation is still very much incomplete. A recent campaign of reversed field operation at JET designed to match a variety of discharges to their more frequently executed forward field counterparts has been executed in an attempt to contribute to this understanding. This paper summarises the most important findings from these experiments and includes some new EDGE2D simulation results describing the SOL flow. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Assoc Euratom CEA, DRFC, DSM, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, IPP, Inst Plasma Phys, CR, Prague, Czech Republic. FZJ Julich GmbH, EURATOM, Inst Plasma Phys, TEC, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EURATOM, LPP, KMS, ERM, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow Nucl Fus Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, CSU, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EURATOM, IST, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Pitts, RA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Batiment PPB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM richard.pitts@epfl.ch RI Coster, David/B-4311-2010; Silva, Carlos/L-6490-2013; Duran, Ivan/G-7429-2014; OI Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706; Silva, Carlos/0000-0001-6348-0505; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280; Bonnin, Xavier/0000-0002-6743-1062 NR 23 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.111 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500029 ER PT J AU Petrie, TW Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Greenfield, CM Groth, M Hyatt, AW Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Porter, GD Rensink, ME Schaffer, MJ Wade, MR Watkins, JG Wolf, NS AF Petrie, TW Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Greenfield, CM Groth, M Hyatt, AW Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Porter, GD Rensink, ME Schaffer, MJ Wade, MR Watkins, JG Wolf, NS CA DIII-D Team TI Variation in particle pumping due to changes in topology in high performance DIII-D plasmas SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE divertor pumping; divertor asymmetry; magnetic topology; particle drifts; recycling ID TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS; MAGNETIC BALANCE; EDGE AB Recent experiments on DIII-D point to the importance of two factors in determining the rate at which deuterium particles can be pumped at the divertor target(s): (1) the divertor magnetic balance, i.e., the degree to which the divertor topology is single-null (SN) or double-null (DN), and (2) the direction of the of B x del B ion drift with respect to the X-point(s). Changes in divertor magnetic balance near the DN shape have a much stronger effect on the pumping rate at the inner divertor target(s) than on the pumping rate at the outer divertor target(s). The behavior in the particle pumping observed at the inner and outer divertor target(s) in the DN and near-DN shapes suggests a redistribution of particles that would be expected in the presence of B x del B and E x B ion particle drifts in the scrapeoff layer (SOL) and divertor(s). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM petrie@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.063 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500042 ER PT J AU McTaggart, N Zagorski, R Bonnin, X Runov, A Schneider, R Kaiser, T Rognlien, T Umansky, M AF McTaggart, N Zagorski, R Bonnin, X Runov, A Schneider, R Kaiser, T Rognlien, T Umansky, M TI 3D edge energy transport in stellarator configurations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE edge plasma; island divertor; power deposition; stochastic boundary AB The finite difference discretization method is used to solve the electron energy transport equation in complex 3D edge geometries using an unstructured grid. This grid is generated by field-line tracing to separate the radial and parallel fluxes and minimize the numerical diffusion connected with the strong anisotropy of the system. The influence of ergodicity on the edge plasma transport in the W7-X stellarator is investigated in this paper. Results show that the combined effect of ergodicity and the radial plasma diffusion leads to the efficient smoothing of the temperature profiles in the finite-beta case. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, Warsaw, Poland. EURATOM, Teilinst Greifswald, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zagorski, R (reprint author), Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, POB 49, Warsaw, Poland. EM zagorski@ifpilm.waw.pl OI Bonnin, Xavier/0000-0002-6743-1062 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.030 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500043 ER PT J AU Brooks, NH Isler, RC Whyte, DG Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Stangeby, PC Heidbrink, WW Jackson, GL Mahdavi, MA West, WP AF Brooks, NH Isler, RC Whyte, DG Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Stangeby, PC Heidbrink, WW Jackson, GL Mahdavi, MA West, WP CA DIII-D Team TI Measured signatures of low energy, physical sputtering in the line shape of neutral carbon emission SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE carbon; helium; impurity sources; spectroscopy; sputtering ID DIII-D TOKAMAK AB The most important mechanisms for introducing carbon into the DIII-D divertors [J.L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42 (2002) 614] are physical and chemical sputtering. Previous investigations have indicated that operating conditions where one or the other of these is dominant can be distinguished by using CD and C-2 emissions to infer C I influxes from dissociation of hydrocarbons and comparing to measured C I influxes. The present work extends these results through detailed analysis of the C I spectral line shapes. In general, it is found that the profiles are actually asymmetric and have shifted peaks. These features are interpreted as originating from a combination of an anisotropic velocity distribution from physical sputtering (the Thompson model) and an isotropic distribution from molecular dissociation. The present study utilitzes pure helium plasmas to benchmark C I spectral profiles arising from physical sputtering alone. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Brooks, NH (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM brooks@fusion.gat.com OI Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.058 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500044 ER PT J AU Allais, F Matte, JP Alouani-Bibi, F Kim, CG Stotler, DP Rognlien, TD AF Allais, F Matte, JP Alouani-Bibi, F Kim, CG Stotler, DP Rognlien, TD TI Modification of atomic physics rates due to nonlocal electron parallel heat transport in divertor plasmas SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE collisional radiative model; divertor modelling; kinetics effects; parallel transport; UEDGE ID OFF LAYER PLASMAS; KINETIC SIMULATION; NEUTRALIZER PLATE; LASER-PULSES; TOKAMAK; DISTRIBUTIONS; INTENSE AB The effect of steep temperature gradients on the rate of ionization of atomic hydrogen is studied numerically with the electron kinetic code 'FPI' [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 1208]. A set of cross sections ['Atomic and Plasma-Material Interaction data for fusion'. Supplement to the journal Nucl. Fusion 4 (1993)] has been used which gives the same rates of radiation, ionization and recombination as in the well known edge modeling codes 'UEDGE' and 'DEGAS' for Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions. For this purpose, 30 energy levels are included in the computation, as stepwise ionization is dominant. The enhancement of the ionization rate by non-Maxwellian effects in the colder part of the plasma is significant. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INRS Energie, Mat & Telecommun, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Allais, F (reprint author), INRS Energie, Mat & Telecommun, 1650 Boul Lionel Boulet, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. EM matte@inrs-emt.uquebee.ca RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.089 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500048 ER PT J AU Paul, SF Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V Kaye, SM Kugel, HW AF Paul, SF Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V Kaye, SM Kugel, HW CA NSTX Res Team TI Accounting of the power balance for neutral-beam heated H-mode plasmas in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE divertor; edge plasma; power balance; NSTX ID TOKAMAK; JET AB Power balance accountability was investigated for neutral beam heated plasmas in NSTX. Measurements of heat to the divertor strike plates and radiation in the divertor and the core were made as a function of heating power in lower single-null (LSN) and double-null (DN) configurations. Up to 70% of the net input power is accounted in the LSN discharges with; approximate to 15-20% of power lost as fast ions, approximate to 25-35% incident on the divertor plates, approximate to 5% radiated in the core, and approximate to 5-10% radiated in the divertor. In DN discharges, the fast ion loss is comparable to LSN discharges, the core radiated power fraction is approximate to 10%, and the power deposited in the lower divertor as radiation and heat flux is approximate to 20-25% of the total. Assuming up/down symmetry, the power accountability in DN is approximate to 85-90%. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Paul, SF (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, US Route 1,N, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM spaul@pppl.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.153 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500049 ER PT J AU Lisgo, S Stangeby, PC Elder, JD Boedo, JA Bray, BD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Reiter, D Rudakov, DL Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG AF Lisgo, S Stangeby, PC Elder, JD Boedo, JA Bray, BD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Reiter, D Rudakov, DL Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG TI Re-construction of detached divertor plasma conditions in DIII-D using spectroscopic and probe data SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; divertor modeling; OSM; EIRENE AB For some divertor aspects, such as detached plasmas or the private flux zone, it is not clear that the controlling physics has been fully identified. This is a particular concern when the details of the plasma are likely to be important in modeling the problem - for example, modeling co-deposition in detached inner divertors. An empirical method of 'reconstructing' the plasma based on direct experimental measurements may be useful in such situations. It is shown that a detached plasma in the outer divertor leg of DIII-D can be reconstructed reasonably well using spectroscopic and probe data as input to a simple onion-skin model and the Monte Carlo hydrogenic code, EIRENE. The calculated 2D distributions of n(e) and T-e in the detached divertor were compared with direct measurements from the divertor Thomson scattering system, a diagnostic capability unique to DIII-D. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EURATOM, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, IPP, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Stangeby, PC (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, N York, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM stangeby@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.055 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500050 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Rognlien, TD Xu, XQ AF Umansky, MV Rognlien, TD Xu, XQ TI Simulation of turbulence in the divertor region of tokamak edge plasma SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE edge modeling ID FLUTE-LIKE PERTURBATIONS; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; BOUNDARY PLASMAS; X-POINT; GEOMETRY; TRANSITION AB Results are presented for turbulence simulations with the fluid edge turbulence code BOUT [X.Q. Xu, R.H. Cohen, Contr. Plas. Phys. 36 (1998) 158]. The present study is focussed on turbulence in the divertor leg region and on the role of the X-point in the structure of turbulence. Results of the present calculations indicate that the ballooning effects are important for the divertor fluctuations. The X-point shear leads to weak correlation of turbulence across the X-point regions, in particular for large toroidal wavenumber. For the saturated amplitudes of the divertor region turbulence it is found that amplitudes of density fluctuations are roughly proportional to the local density of the background plasma. The amplitudes of electron temperature and electric potential fluctuations are roughly proportional to the local electron temperature of the background plasma. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630,700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM umansky@llnl.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.021 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500052 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA AF Carreras, BA TI Plasma edge cross-field transport: experiment and theory SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE fluctuations; plasma turbulence; intermittency; nondiffusive transport ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT DEVICES; WENDELSTEIN 7-AS STELLARATOR; POLOIDAL FLOW GENERATION; DIII-D DIVERTOR; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; ELECTROSTATIC FLUCTUATIONS AB In recent years, the basic physics picture of plasma transport in the scrape-off layers of tokamaks and stellarators has changed. This basic picture was based on slow diffusive cross-field transport competing with fast parallel transport. However, the idea of a local diffusive cross-field transport picture is not compatible with sonic of the experimental findings. Cross-field particle fluxes have an intermittent character. Large transport events can be responsible for a large portion of the total integrated flux. Those measurements also show the existence of long-range correlations in time and space. These correlations break down a possible separation of scales that was the base in deriving the macroscopic transport models. Structures are not limited to density fluctuations; they also appear on edge flows. The interaction between fluctuations and flows becomes one of the most important issues in the plasma edge dynamics. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM carrerasba@ornl.gov NR 97 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.034 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500062 ER PT J AU Terry, JL Zweben, SJ Grulke, O Greenwald, MJ LaBombard, B AF Terry, JL Zweben, SJ Grulke, O Greenwald, MJ LaBombard, B TI Velocity fields of edge/Scrape-off-layer turbulence in Alcator C-Mod SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE cross-field transport; edge plasma; fluctuations and turbulence; intermittent transport; visible imaging; Alcator-C-Mod ID TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION; BOUNDARY AB Using high speed movies of edge/Scrape-Off-Layer emission, velocity fields of the turbulent fluctuations have been measured in a small region of the poloidal/radial plane at the plasma's outboard midplane. Gas-puff-imaging is used to localize the emission in the toroidal dimension. The measured D-alpha line emission responds to the underlying spatio-temporal dynamics of density and temperature. Time-delay cross-correlation analysis is applied to the 64 x 64 pixel movie images and yields time-averaged velocity fields for the emission perturbations. The spatial resolution of the velocity determinations is a few mm over the viewed region. It is found that the velocities inside the separatrix are almost purely poloidal. In the SOL the radial velocity component is outward, and significant radial acceleration is observed. The poloidal and radial components of the SOL velocities vary with the discharge conditions. The magnitudes of all the velocity components measured this way range from 0 to similar to 1000m/s. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EURATOM, MPI Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany. RP Terry, JL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Room NW 17-176,175 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM terry@psfc.mit.edu OI Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.092 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500063 ER PT J AU Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV Xu, XQ Cohen, RH LoDestro, LL AF Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV Xu, XQ Cohen, RH LoDestro, LL TI Simulation of plasma fluxes to material surfaces with self-consistent edge turbulence and transport for tokamaks SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE plasma turbulence; edge transport; non-diffusive transport; neutral transport simulation; UEDGE ID SOL AB The edge-plasma profiles and fluxes to the divertor and walls of a tokamak with a magnetic X-point are simulated by coupling a 2D transport code (UEDGE) and a 3D turbulence code (BOUT). A relaxed iterative coupling scheme is used where each code is run on its characteristic time scale, resulting in a statistical steady state. Plasma variables of density, parallel velocity, and separate ion and electron temperatures are included, together with a fluid neutral model for recycling neutrals at material surfaces. Results for the DIII-D tokamak parameters show that the turbulence is preferentially excited in the outer radial region of the edge where magnetic curvature is destabilizing, yielding substantial plasma particle flux to the main chamber walls. The coupled transport/turbulence simulation technique provides a strategy to achieve physics-based predictions for future device performance. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rognlien, TD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-630,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM trognlien@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.023 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500064 ER PT J AU Pigarov, AY Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, SI Rognlien, TD West, WP AF Pigarov, AY Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, SI Rognlien, TD West, WP TI Multi-ion fluid simulation of tokamak edge plasmas including non-diffusive anomalous cross-field transport SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE edge plasma; impurity transport; UEDGE; DIII-D; intermittent transport ID SCRAPE-OFF-LAYER; CODE; LIGHT AB The two-dimensional, multi-ion, fluid code UEDGE is used to simulate the sophisticated transport of impurities in the tokamak edge plasma. The UEDGE model incorporates the effects of non-diffusive intermittent cross-field transport by using anomalous convective velocities whose spatial profile is adjusted for each ion charge state to match available experimental data. The simulations of low-confinement (L-mode) shots indicate that: (i) anomalous convective transport dominates in the far scrape-off layer; (ii) different impurity charge states have different magnitudes and signs in their convective velocities; and (iii) chamber wall sputtering is an important source of impurities. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92090 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pigarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, EBU-II,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92090 USA. EM apigarov@uscd.edu NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.060 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500073 ER PT J AU Kallenbach, A Asakura, N Kirk, A Korotkov, A Mahdavi, MA Mossessian, D Porter, GD AF Kallenbach, A Asakura, N Kirk, A Korotkov, A Mahdavi, MA Mossessian, D Porter, GD TI Multi-machine comparisons of H-mode separatrix densities and edge profile behaviour in the ITPA SOL and Divertor Physics Topical Group SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE edge transport; hydrogen recycling; SOL plasma ID ASDEX UPGRADE; TRANSPORT; PEDESTAL; PLASMAS; JT-60U AB Edge profile data for H-mode discharges in 6 tokamaks have been analysed with the main focus on the edge density profile as well as electron temperature and density gradient lengths and steep gradient zone widths. A uniform procedure of data treatment and assignment of the separatrix position via power balance allowed to put the multi-machine data on an even base. The machine size appears to be the leading parameter for the width of the steep edge transport barrier gradient zone, as well as for the temperature decay length at the separatrix. Effects associated with neutral penetration physics are visible in the edge density profile. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IPP EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP IPP EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM arne.kallenbach@ipp.mpg.de NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.099 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500075 ER PT J AU Lasniera, CJ West, WP Burrell, KH deGrassie, JS Doyle, EJ Osborne, TH AF Lasniera, CJ West, WP Burrell, KH deGrassie, JS Doyle, EJ Osborne, TH TI Comparison of plasma parameters between QH and ELMing phases of the same discharges SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; divertor; edge pedestal; SOL plasma boundary ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; MODE PLASMAS; PEDESTAL AB H-mode confinement is observed for many energy confinement times without edge localized modes (ELMs) in QH (quiescent high-confinement)-mode discharges in DIII-D. To determine the critical differences between ELMing and QH modes we compared electron temperature (T-e), density (n(e)), and ion temperature (T-i), in the pedestal (ped) and scrape-off layer (SOL) for a group of discharges. We also compared the electron pressures P-ped, and maximum pressure gradient del(max)P(e,ped) because of their importance in confinement and stability. Experimental results show that the core line averaged density, median T-e,T-ped, T-e,T-SOL, and T-e,T-ped width, and T-i,T-SOL are nearly the same in QH mode as that during ELMs. The n(e,ped) (average), n(e,ped) widths P-ped, and del(max)P(e,ped) are similar to corresponding values in QH mode and at various times between ELMs. However, the median T-i,T-ped is 1.6 times higher in QH mode than during ELMing. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lasniera, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-637, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lasnier@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.059 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500077 ER PT J AU Grossman, A Kaiser, T Mioduszewski, PK AF Grossman, A Kaiser, T Mioduszewski, PK TI Magnetic structure at the edge of a compact stellarator (NCSX) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE magnetic topology; stochastic boundary; island divertor; divertor ID PLASMA AB The magnetic field between the plasma surface and wall of the National Compact Stellarator (NCSX), is mapped via field line tracing in finite beta (4%) configurations with part (20%) of the rotational transform generated by the bootstrap current. The edge plasma magnetics are more stellarator-like, with a complex 3D structure, and less like the ordered 2D symmetric structure of a tokamak. The field lines make a transition from ergodically covering a surface to ergodically covering a volume, as the distance from the last closed magnetic surface is increased. The first few toroidal transits from the starting points are highly structured, with significant flux expansion at the bean shaped cross-section. The later toroidal transits become moderately stochastic, but with Kolmogorov lengths that can be made smaller than the connection if the separation between wall and plasma is sufficiently large. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0417, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM agrossman@ferp.ucsd.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.122 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500079 ER PT J AU Owen, LW Groebner, RJ Mahdavi, MA AF Owen, LW Groebner, RJ Mahdavi, MA TI Kinetic neutral transport effects in the pedestal of H-mode discharges in the DIII-D tokamak SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; B2.5-DEGAS; edge modeling; neutral transport; edge pedestal ID CONFINEMENT; PARTICLE; PLASMAS AB A series of hydrogen and deuterium discharges are analyzed with fluid plasma and Monte Carlo neutrals codes. Comparison of poloidally averaged radial distributions of core neutral density and ionization with analytic solutions of 1-D plasma and neutrals continuity equations support the hypothesis that the width of the density pedestal is largely determined by the neutral source. The increased neutral penetration depth that arises from multiple charge exchange can be included in the analytic model with radially dependent scale lengths. The scale length in the analytic model depends on the neutral fluid velocity which increases across the divertor and pedestal as the neutral atoms charge exchange with the higher temperature background ions. The neutral penetration depth and corresponding density pedestal width depend sensitively on the neutral temperature and the degree of ion-neutral temperature equilibration. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Owen, LW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 5700,MS 6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM owenlw@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 410 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.033 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500081 ER PT J AU West, WP Lasnier, CJ Watkins, JG deGrassie, JS Heidbrink, W Burrell, KH Cecil, FE AF West, WP Lasnier, CJ Watkins, JG deGrassie, JS Heidbrink, W Burrell, KH Cecil, FE TI Observations of fast ion loss to the plasma facing wall during quiescent H-modes on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; first wall particle load; high confinement; fluctuations; ion orbit loss ID D TOKAMAK; QH-MODE; TRANSPORT AB The Quiescent H-mode exhibits H-mode levels of confinement and edge pedestal pressures, but does not exhibit ELMs. To date this mode has only been observed in tokamaks during beam heating with some or all of the beams injected counter to the direction of plasma current. During QH-mode, fast ion loss to the low field side plasma facing surfaces has been observed. Some of the fast ion loss is calculated to be the result of outwardly directed banana orbits of the energetic beam ions created in the edge region. Other fast ion loss has been observed to be associated with bursts or oscillations in broadband, high-frequency, magnetic fluctuations. The relationship of the fast ion loss to the ELM stabilization or edge particle transport during QH-mode is not yet understood. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP West, WP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM west@fusion.gat.com NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.071 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500083 ER PT J AU Groth, M Owen, LW Porter, GD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Meyer, WH Leonard, AW Petrie, TW Rudakov, DL Wang, G Watkins, JG Wolf, NS AF Groth, M Owen, LW Porter, GD Brooks, NH Fenstermacher, ME Meyer, WH Leonard, AW Petrie, TW Rudakov, DL Wang, G Watkins, JG Wolf, NS TI Assessment of the poloidal distribution of core plasma fueling and impurity sources in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE fueling; carbon transport; poloidal drifts; plasma imaging; DIII-D ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; THOMSON SCATTERING; DENSITY LIMIT; D DIVERTOR; DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK; EDGE; TEMPERATURE; CODE AB Measurements and modeling of the 2D poloidal D-alpha intensity distribution in DIII-D low density L-mode and medium density ELMy H-mode plasmas indicate that the core plasma is predominately fueled near the divertor X-point region. The neutral deuterium and ion carbon emission were measured in the divertor and inner main chamber scrape-off layer (SOL) using a plasma imaging technique, covering 85% of the poloidal cross-section. Typically, the peak emission in the inner main SOL at the tokamak midplane was three orders of magnitude lower than in the divertor. For discharges with the ion B x del B drift direction toward the lower divertor the UEDGE/DEGAS codes predict strong core plasma fueling from the significantly higher density and lower temperature plasma calculated in the inner divertor leg. The concomitant carbon ion flow reversal in the inner divertor leg enhances the leakage of carbon from the divertor into the main SOL, and hence into the core. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Groth, M (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM groth@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.068 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500084 ER PT J AU Soukhanovskii, VA Maingi, R Roquemore, AL Boedo, J Bush, C Kaita, R Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Paul, SF Porter, GD Wolf, NS AF Soukhanovskii, VA Maingi, R Roquemore, AL Boedo, J Bush, C Kaita, R Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Paul, SF Porter, GD Wolf, NS CA NSTX Research Team TI Divertor regimes in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE divertor plasma; divertor modeling; NSTX; recycling; UEDGE ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; IN-OUT ASYMMETRY; PLASMA DETACHMENT; DIII-D; JET; TOKAMAK; IMPACT; MAST AB The identification of divertor operating regimes is of particular importance for heat and particle control optimization in high performance plasmas of a spherical torus, because of the magnetic geometry effects and compactness of the divertor region. Recent measurements of radiated power, heat, and particle fluxes in lower single null and double null NSTX plasmas with 0.8-6 MW NBI heating suggest that the inner divertor is detached at (n) over bar (e) <=, 2-3 x 10(19) m(-3) whereas the outer divertor is always attached. This resilient state exists in most L- and H-mode plasmas. The inner divertor transiently re-attaches in ELMy H-mode plasmas when heat pulses from type I or type III ELMs reach the divertor. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM vlad@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.135 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500094 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Maingi, R Bell, M Gates, D Hill, K LeBlanc, B Mueller, D Kaita, R Paul, S Sabbagh, S Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Stratton, B Raman, R AF Kugel, HW Maingi, R Bell, M Gates, D Hill, K LeBlanc, B Mueller, D Kaita, R Paul, S Sabbagh, S Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Stratton, B Raman, R TI Development of NSTX particle control techniques SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE wall conditioning; impurity control; glow discharge cleaning; discharge cleaning ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; PROGRAM; PLASMAS AB Density control in NSTX, involves primarily controlling impurity influxes and recycling. We have compared boronization on hot and cold surfaces, varying helium glow discharge conditioning (HeGDC) durations, helium discharge cleaning, brief daily boronization, and between discharge boronization to reduce and control spontaneous density rises. Access to Ohmic H-modes was enabled by boronization on hot surfaces, however, the duration of the effectiveness of hot and cold boronization was comparable. A 15 min HeGDC between discharges was needed for reproducible L-H transitions. He discharge conditioning yielded slower density rises than 15 min of HeGDC. Brief daily boronization followed by a comparable duration of applied HeGDC restored and enhanced good conditions. Additional brief boronizations between discharges did not improve plasma performance, if conditions were already good. Between discharge boronization required increases in the NSTX duty cycle due to the need for additional HeGDC to remove codeposited D. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.065 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500098 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP LaBombard, B AF Stotler, DP LaBombard, B TI Three-dimensional simulation of gas conductance measurement experiments on Alcator C-Mod SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE Alcator C-Mod; neutral modeling; DEGAS ID TRANSPORT AB Three-dimensional Monte Carlo neutral transport simulations of gas flow through the Alcator C-Mod sub-divertor yield conductances comparable to those found in dedicated experiments. All are significantly smaller than the conductance found with the previously used axisymmetric geometry. A benchmarking exercise of the code against known conductance values for gas flow through a simple pipe provides a physical basis for interpreting the comparison of the three-dimensional and experimental C-Mod conductances. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,James Forrestal Campus,Rt 1, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 510 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.091 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500101 ER PT J AU Mioduszewski, P AF Mioduszewski, P CA QPS Grp TI Particle control issues of a compact stellarator with external vacuum vessel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE density control; baffling effect; particle balance; particle control AB The Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS) [J.F. Lyon, S.P. Hirshman, D.A. Spong, et al., 30th EPS Conference on Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, St. Petersburg, 2003] has a very low plasma aspect ratio (Rla similar to 2.7) and is a new confinement approach that could ultimately lead to a high-beta compact stellarator reactor. QPS is being developed to test key features of this approach. In QPS, the modular stellarator coils and other components are inside the vacuum vessel, requiring special attention with respect to particle control. We have analyzed two specific aspects: (1) The casings of the internal coils will assume elevated temperatures during operation whereas the vacuum vessel will be at room temperature; we have analyzed the consequences for adsorbed gas layers. (2) The plasma is surrounded by a large gas reservoir that might cause problems for density control. We have constructed a model to predict plasma and neutral densities as functions of fueling, divertor baffling, wall adsorption, and particle exhaust. This model predicts that plasma and neutral densities can be controlled. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mioduszewski, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mioduszewspk@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.024 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500104 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Burrell, KH Combs, SK Doyle, EJ Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Lasnier, CJ West, WP AF Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Burrell, KH Combs, SK Doyle, EJ Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Lasnier, CJ West, WP TI Fueling of QH-mode plasmas on DIII-D with pellets and gas SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE gas injection and fueling; pellet; DIII-D; ELM ID D TOKAMAK; ASDEX UPGRADE; EFFICIENCY; INJECTION AB The quiescent high confinement mode (QH-mode) discovered on DIII-D [K.H. Burrell et al. Phys. Plasmas 8 (2001) 2153; C.M. Greenfield et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 4544] has the promising features of stationary good H-mode plasma confinement with an H-mode edge, but without the periodic edge localized modes (ELMs) common in H-mode that produce a divertor pulsed heat load. Experiments have been carried out with pellet and gas fueling to determine if the QH-mode is robust to theses edge perturbations. Pellets of different sizes were injected from several different locations [L.R. Baylor, T.C. Jernigan et al. J. Nucl. Mater. 290 (2001) 398] and gas puffs were introduced to study core fueling in QH-mode plasmas. The QH-mode is generally a low density operating regime and so there is interest in developing a fueling scheme that can lead to high density to make the QH-mode attractive as a burning plasma scenario. Results indicate that the QH-mode is maintained with small perturbations in density, however large pellet perturbations and gas puffs lead to an almost instantaneous transition to ELMing H-mode. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM baylorlr@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.022 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500106 ER PT J AU Tsitrone, E Reiter, D Loarer, T Brosset, C Bucalossi, J Begrambekov, L Grisolia, C Grosman, A Gunn, J Hogan, J Mitteau, R Pegourie, B Ghendrih, P Reichle, R Roubin, P AF Tsitrone, E Reiter, D Loarer, T Brosset, C Bucalossi, J Begrambekov, L Grisolia, C Grosman, A Gunn, J Hogan, J Mitteau, R Pegourie, B Ghendrih, P Reichle, R Roubin, P TI Role of wall implantation of charge exchange neutrals in the deuterium retention for Tore Supra long discharges SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE deuterium inventory; neutral modelling; Eirene; particle balance; implantation AB In Tore Supra long pulses, particle balance gives evidence that a constant fraction of the injected gas (typically 50%) is retained in the wall for the duration of the shot, showing no sign of wall saturation after more than 6 min of discharge. During the discharge, the retention rate first decreases (phase 1), then remains constant throughout the pulse (phase 2). Phase 1 could be interpreted as implantation of particles combined with a constant codeposition rate, while phase 2 could correspond to codeposition alone, once the implanted surfaces are saturated with deuterium, This paper presents a possible contribution of charge exchange neutrals to the implantation process, based on modelling results with the Eirene neutral transport code. A complex pattern of particle implantation is evidenced, with saturation time constants ranging from less than one to several hundreds seconds, compatible with the experimental behaviour during phase 1. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM, CEA Cadarache, DSM, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM, FZ Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, Julich, Germany. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Aix Marseille 1, PIIM, Ctr St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille, France. RP Tsitrone, E (reprint author), EURATOM, CEA Cadarache, DSM, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM emmanuelle.tsitrone@cea.fr RI Begrambekov, Leon/B-3081-2016 NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.160 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500107 ER PT J AU Bastasz, R Whaley, JA AF Bastasz, R Whaley, JA TI Recoil energy distribution of hydrogen isotopes adsorbed on tungsten SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE desorption; deuterium inventory; neon; recycling; tungsten ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; RETENTION; METALS AB The energies of adsorbed H and D recoiled from tungsten surfaces during bombardment with 3 keV Ne+ at oblique angles of incidence were measured. The energy spectra show structure that extends above the elastic recoil energy. We find that the high-energy structure results from multiple collisions, namely recoil of a H isotope followed by scattering from an adjacent W atom, and vice versa. This scattering assisted recoil process is especially prevalent for H isotopes adsorbed on W, owing to the large mass difference between the scattering partners. Such processes will tend to enhance H isotope recycling from plasma-facing W surfaces and reduce energy transfer to the W substrate. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bastasz, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9402,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bastasz@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 544 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.129 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500108 ER PT J AU Wood, RD Hill, DN Hooper, EB McLean, HS Ryutov, D Woodruff, S AF Wood, RD Hill, DN Hooper, EB McLean, HS Ryutov, D Woodruff, S TI Comparison of deuterium and hydrogen experiments in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE deuterium inventory; impurities; sputtering AB In this paper we report on the results of deuterium and hydrogen experiments in the Sustained Spheromak Physics Experiment (SSPX). We have compared similar to 500 deuterium discharges with similar discharges in hydrogen. Typically, we produce H-2 plasmas with peak toroidal currents in the range of 0.6 MA, electron temperatures (T-e) of similar to 200 eV and energy confinement times (tau(E)) of similar to 200 mu s. The D-2 fueled discharges show similar results to those with H-2 fueling with no obvious differences in confinement time. Electron temperatures of similar to 200 eV with similar electron densities were observed. Both the deuterium and hydrogen fueled discharges have a calculated thermal diffusivity below chi(e) < 10 m(2)/s. However, the D-2 fueled discharges had a factor of similar to 5 increase in high-Z (titanium) impurity content suggesting an increase of physical sputtering. We find no significant mass scaling effects. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wood, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-637, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wood11@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.125 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500109 ER PT J AU Causey, RA Kunz, CL Cowgill, DF AF Causey, RA Kunz, CL Cowgill, DF TI Deuterium retention and release from molybdenum exposed to a Penning discharge SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE molybdenum; deuterium retention; wall materials ID HYDROGEN; TUNGSTEN AB Both molybdenum and tungsten are candidate materials for plasma-facing applications in fusion reactors. While tungsten has a higher melting point and a higher threshold for sputtering, it is a brittle material that is difficult to machine into shapes required for fusion applications. For this reason, molybdenum is now receiving serious consideration as an alternative for tungsten. If molybdenum is to be used as a plasma-facing material, the hydrogen retention and recycling characteristics must be known. In this report, we present experimental results on deuterium retention in molybdenum after exposure to a Penning discharge at temperatures from 573 to 773 K. D-2(+) ions with energies of 1.2 keV were implanted into the 50 mm diameter molybdenum samples at fluxes of 10(20) D/m(2)s. Thermal desorption spectroscopy was used to determine both the amount of retained deuterium and the release kinetics. Low retention values similar to those measured previously for tungsten were observed. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Causey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM causey@ca.sandia.gov NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 600 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.005 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500119 ER PT J AU Eich, T Herrmann, A Pautasso, G Andrew, P Asakura, N Boedo, JA Corre, Y Fenstermacher, ME Fuchs, JC Fundamenski, W Federici, G Gauthier, E Goncalves, B Gruber, O Kirk, A Leonard, AW Loarte, A Matthews, GF Neuhauser, J Pitts, RA Riccardo, V Silva, C AF Eich, T Herrmann, A Pautasso, G Andrew, P Asakura, N Boedo, JA Corre, Y Fenstermacher, ME Fuchs, JC Fundamenski, W Federici, G Gauthier, E Goncalves, B Gruber, O Kirk, A Leonard, AW Loarte, A Matthews, GF Neuhauser, J Pitts, RA Riccardo, V Silva, C TI Power deposition onto plasma facing components in poloidal divertor tokamaks during type-I ELMS and disruptions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE power deposition; divertor; first wall; ELMs; disruption ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; PARTICLE LOSSES; DIII-D; ASDEX-UPGRADE; HEAT-FLUX; H-MODES; ENERGY; JET; ITER AB A comparative analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of transient energy loads (ELMs and disruptions) on plasma facing components (PFCs) in present tokamak devices and their extrapolation to next step devices is presented. Type I ELMs lead to the expulsion of energy by the plasma in helical structures with ballooning-like features and toroidal numbers in the range n = 10-15. The plasma energy is transported towards the divertor and the main chamber PFCs leading to significant transient energy loads at these two locations on small wetted area. The largest transient energy fluxes onto PFCs in tokamaks are measured during the thermal quench of disruptions. These fluxes do not exceed greatly those of large Type I ELMs, due to the much larger wetted area for energy flux during the thermal quench compared to Type I ELMs. The implications of these findings for the next step devices are discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, IPP, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM, UKAEA Fus Assoc, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER JWS, Garching, Germany. Inst Super Tecn, EURATOM Assoc, Lisbon, Portugal. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, CSU, EFDA, Garching, Germany. EPFL, CRPP, EURATOM Assoc, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Eich, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, IPP, EURATOM Assoc, Boltzmann Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM thomas.eich@ipp.mpg.de RI GAUTHIER, Eric/E-1076-2011; Silva, Carlos/L-6490-2013; Goncalves, Bruno/H-8679-2012 OI Silva, Carlos/0000-0001-6348-0505; Goncalves, Bruno/0000-0003-0670-1214 NR 48 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.051 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500133 ER PT J AU Evans, TE Moyer, RA Watkins, JG Thomas, PR Osborne, TH Boedo, JA Fenstermacher, ME Finken, KH Groebner, RJ Groth, M Harris, J Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Schaffer, MJ Wang, G Zeng, L AF Evans, TE Moyer, RA Watkins, JG Thomas, PR Osborne, TH Boedo, JA Fenstermacher, ME Finken, KH Groebner, RJ Groth, M Harris, J Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Schaffer, MJ Wang, G Zeng, L TI Suppression of large edge localized modes in high confinement DIII-D plasmas with a stochastic magnetic boundary SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE ELM control; edge pedestal; stochastic boundary; DIII-D; divertor ID HOMOCLINIC TANGLES; DIVERTED TOKAMAKS; PARTICLE LOSSES; ELM ENERGY; FIELDS; ITER; JET AB Large 70 Hz Type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) are converted into small 130 Hz oscillations using edge resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) from a coil with currents <= 0.4% I-p in double null DIII-D plasmas. When the RMP is properly phased with respect to the background field errors, all but a few isolated ELM-like events are suppressed. The impulsive pedestal energy loss Delta E-ELM/Delta t(1/2) to the scrape-of layer is reduced a factor of >= 20 relative to the Type-I ELMs and the core confinement is unaffected by the perturbation field. Significant changes in the properties of the ELMs are also observed when edge RMPs are applied to lower single null plasmas but the nature of these changes are much more complex. Both lower single null and double null plasmas are being studied to determine how ELM control techniques based on the application of edge RMPs can be expected to scale to future devices such as ITER. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CEA Cadarache, CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM evans@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.062 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500136 ER PT J AU Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Brooks, NH Doerner, RP Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, S Lasnier, CJ Mahdavi, MA McKee, GR McLean, A Stangeby, PC Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wong, CPC AF Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Brooks, NH Doerner, RP Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Hollmann, EM Krasheninnikov, S Lasnier, CJ Mahdavi, MA McKee, GR McLean, A Stangeby, PC Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wong, CPC TI Far scrape-off layer and near wall plasma studies in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; edge plasma; cross-field transport; intermittent transport; probes ID ALCATOR C-MOD; TRANSPORT; BOUNDARY; PARTICLE; TOKAMAK AB Far scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma parameters in DIII-D depend strongly on the discharge density and confinement regime. In L-mode, cross-field transport increases with the average discharge density and elevates the far SOL density, thus increasing plasma-wall contact. Far SOL density near the low field side (LFS) of the main chamber wall also increases with decreasing plasma current and with decreasing outer wall gap. In H-mode, between edge localized modes (ELMs), plasma-wall contact is weaker than in L-mode. During ELMs plasma fluxes to the LFS wall increase to, or above the L-mode levels. A large fraction of the net cross-field fluxes is convected through the SOL by large amplitude intermittent transport events. In high-density L-mode and during ELMs in H-mode, intermittent events propagate all the way to the LFS wall and may cause sputtering. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rudakov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0417, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rudakov@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 717 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.094 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500141 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Sabbagh, SA Bush, CE Fredrickson, ED Menard, JE Stutman, D Tritz, K Bell, MG Bell, RE Boedo, JA Gates, DA Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Mueller, D Raman, R Roquemore, AL Soukhanovskii, VA Stevenson, T AF Maingi, R Sabbagh, SA Bush, CE Fredrickson, ED Menard, JE Stutman, D Tritz, K Bell, MG Bell, RE Boedo, JA Gates, DA Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Mueller, D Raman, R Roquemore, AL Soukhanovskii, VA Stevenson, T TI ELMS and the H-mode pedestal in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE ELM; edge pedestal; fueling; NSTX; particle control ID DIII-D; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; ENERGY AB We report on the behavior of ELMs in NBI-heated H-mode plasmas in NSTX. It is observed that the size of Type I ELMs, characterized by the change in plasma energy, decreases with increasing line-average density, as observed at conventional aspect ratio. It is also observed that the Type I ELM size decreases as the plasma equilibrium is shifted from a symmetric double-null toward a lower single-null configuration. Type II/III ELMs have also been observed in NSTX, as well as a high-performance regime with small ELMs which we designate Type V. The Type V ELMs are characterized by an intermittent n = 1 magnetic pre-cursor oscillation rotating counter to the plasma current; the mode vanishes between Type V ELMs crashes. Without active pumping, the density rises continuously through the Type V phase, albeit at a slower rate than ELM-free discharges. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 20723 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Receiving 3,Route 1 N,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rmaingi@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 727 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.023 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500143 ER PT J AU Wade, MR Burrell, KH Hogan, JT Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Snyder, P Coster, D AF Wade, MR Burrell, KH Hogan, JT Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Snyder, P Coster, D TI Direct measurement of the impurity dynamics during an ELM cycle SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; edge plasma; ELM; impurity transport ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; DIII-D; TRANSPORT AB Using high spatial and temporal resolution spectroscopy, the first direct measurements of the impurity dynamics during an ELM cycle have been made in the DIII-D tokamak. These measurements confirm that significant impurity density is expelled by each ELM with the degree of expulsion dependent on the ELM size. The observed perturbation to the impurity density profile is comparable to that of the electron density, suggesting that all particle species are similarly affected by the ELM. Impurity confinement in the edge is observed to improve throughout the phase between ELMs and is associated with a continuous increase in the E x B shear near the edge. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Plasma Phys, Garching, Germany. RP Wade, MR (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM wade@fusion.gat.com RI Coster, David/B-4311-2010 OI Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.121 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500145 ER PT J AU Zeng, L Wang, G Doyle, EJ Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA Fenstermacher, ME Evans, TE Moyer, RA AF Zeng, L Wang, G Doyle, EJ Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA Fenstermacher, ME Evans, TE Moyer, RA TI SOL and pedestal density profile evolution during DIII-D ELMy and ELM-suppressed H-mode operation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE ELM; DIII-D; SOL plasma boundary; pedestal; reflectometer ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; ENERGY; JET; TRANSPORT; PARTICLE; DIVERTOR AB A fast profile reflectometer has been used to study the detailed characteristics of scrape- off-layer (SOL) and pedestal density profile evolution in DIII-D ELMy H-mode plasmas with high temporal (>= 10 mu s) and spatial (similar to 4 mm) resolution. Results show a significant enhancement in radial particle transport to the outer vessel wall during Type-I ELMs. The radial particle transport time (similar to 140 mu s) becomes comparable to the parallel transport time, as a result of a high radial velocity (similar to 620 m/s) of SOL profile expansion. The dynamics can vary from ELM-to-ELM. Scalings with pedestal density have been obtained, indicating that ELM is less affected as the pedestal density increases. Finally, during ELM-suppressed H-mode operation with a stochastic magnetic boundary, the radial extent of observed SOL profile modifications do not extend to the vessel wall, and profiles are steeper, substantially different from the SOL changes associated with Type-I ELMs. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Zeng, L (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608,MS 13-364, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM zeng@fusion.gat.com NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 742 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.037 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500146 ER PT J AU Boedo, JA Rudakov, DL Hollmann, EM Moyer, RA McKee, GR Burrell, K Evans, TE Leonard, AW West, WP Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Allen, SL Zeng, L Wang, G Watkins, JG AF Boedo, JA Rudakov, DL Hollmann, EM Moyer, RA McKee, GR Burrell, K Evans, TE Leonard, AW West, WP Fenstermacher, ME Groth, M Allen, SL Zeng, L Wang, G Watkins, JG CA DIII D Team TI ELM-induced plasma transport in the DIII-D SOL SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE DIII-D; edge plasma; cross-field transport; intermittent transport ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; TOKAMAK; INSTABILITIES; PROBE AB High temporal and spatial resolution measurements in the boundary of the DIII-D tokamak show that edge localized modes (ELMs) are composed of fast bursts of hot, dense plasma lasting similar to 25 mu s each that travel radially starting at the separatrix at similar to 450 m/s and rotate in the scrape off layer (SOL), convecting particles and energy to the SOL and walls. The temperature and density in the ELM plasma initially correspond to those at the top of the density pedestal but decay with radius in the SOL. The temperature decay length (similar to 1.2-1.5 cm) is much shorter than the density decay length (similar to 3-8 cm), which in turn decreases with increasing pedestal density. The local particle and energy flux at the wall during the bursts are 10-50% (similar to 1-2 x 10(21) m(-2) s(-1)) and 1-2% (-20-30 kW/m(2)) respectively of the LCFS average fluxes, thus particles are transported radially much more efficiently that heat. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Boedo, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res Engn, Bldg Unit II,Rm 460,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jboedo@ticsd.edu RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 771 EP 775 DI 10.1016/jjnucmat.2004.10.159 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500152 ER PT J AU Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Porter, GD Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Gray, DS Groth, M Hollmann, EM Lasnier, CJ Petrie, TW Zeng, L AF Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Porter, GD Boedo, JA Brooks, NH Gray, DS Groth, M Hollmann, EM Lasnier, CJ Petrie, TW Zeng, L TI Effect of B-field dependent particle drifts on ELM behavior in the DIII-D boundary plasma SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE ELM; DIII-D; SOL plasma boundary; divertor modeling; divertor plasma ID DIVERTOR AB Edge localized mode (ELM) effects in the DIII-D pedestal and boundary plasmas were measured with multiple fast diagnostics in matched, lower single-null, ELMing H-mode discharges with the ion B x del B drift either toward or away from the divertor. Data show a strong dependence of the delay in inner vs. outer divertor ELM D-alpha on drift direction, and a weaker drift dependence of the inner vs. outer delay Of P-rad, in addition to the strong density dependence seen in previous work. Time dependent boundary plasma modeling during an ELM was done with the UEDGE code including a six-species fluid carbon model and the effect of B-field induced particle drifts. The ELM was modeled as an instantaneous, outer midplane peaked, increase of diffusion coefficients from the top of the pedestal to the SOL. The simulations show delays in the inner vs. outer divertor ELM transients that are similar to the measured delays at moderate density. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Fenstermacher, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM max.fenstermacher@gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 781 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.200410.086 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500154 ER PT J AU Kaita, R Majeski, R Boaz, M Efthimion, P Gettelfinger, G Gray, T Hoffman, D Jardin, S Kugel, H Marfuta, P Munsat, T Neumeyer, C Raftopoulos, S Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Taylor, G Timberlake, J Woolley, R Zakharov, L Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Delgado-Aparicio, L Seraydarian, RP Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Baldwin, M Conn, RW Maingi, R Menon, M Causey, R Buchenauer, D Ulrickson, M Jones, B Rodgers, D AF Kaita, R Majeski, R Boaz, M Efthimion, P Gettelfinger, G Gray, T Hoffman, D Jardin, S Kugel, H Marfuta, P Munsat, T Neumeyer, C Raftopoulos, S Soukhanovskii, V Spaleta, J Taylor, G Timberlake, J Woolley, R Zakharov, L Finkenthal, M Stutman, D Delgado-Aparicio, L Seraydarian, RP Antar, G Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Baldwin, M Conn, RW Maingi, R Menon, M Causey, R Buchenauer, D Ulrickson, M Jones, B Rodgers, D TI Effects of large area liquid lithium limiters on spherical torus plasmas SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE liquid metal; lithium; particle control; recycling; wall pumping ID CDX-U AB Use of a large-area liquid lithium surface as a limiter has significantly improved the plasma performance in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Previous CDX-U experiments with a partially-covered toroidal lithium limiter tray have shown a decrease in impurities and the recycling of hydrogenic species. Improvements in loading techniques have permitted nearly full coverage of the tray surface with liquid lithium. Under these conditions, there was a large drop in the loop voltage needed to sustain the plasma current. The data are consistent with simulations that indicate more stable plasmas having broader current profiles, higher temperatures, and lowered impurities with liquid lithium walls. As further evidence for reduced recycling with a liquid lithium limiter, the gas puffing had to be increased by up to a factor of eight for the same plasma density achieved with an empty toroidal tray limiter. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kaita, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM kaita@pppi.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 872 EP 876 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.019 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500171 ER PT J AU Insepov, Z Hassanein, A AF Insepov, Z Hassanein, A TI Molecular dynamics simulation of Li surface erosion and bubble formation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE liquid metal; lithium; ion-surface interactions ID LIQUID LITHIUM; HYDROGEN AB Structure and dynamical properties of liquid Li containing He atoms were studied by the Molecular Dynamics method at various temperatures and densities and the diffusion coefficients were calculated. A new model of liquid Li surface is developed that shows the stratification of surface layers. The liquid Li sputtering yield, due to bombardment by slow He ions, was calculated for the new model and the result is compared with conventional models. Bubble formation in liquid Li is studied by simulation of cavity growth mechanisms in bulk liquid Li system wit 3-D periodicboundary conditions. Our results show that small cavities are easily dissolved at certain temperatures. A cavity with a diameter of 50 A grows by consuming neighboring small cavities in accordance with the classical nucleation theory. The mechanism of bubble growth and explosion could significantly contribute to the surface erosion at high ion fluxes and explain some controversial experimental results. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Insepov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 308, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM insepov@anl.gov; hassanein@anl.gov RI Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013 OI Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 912 EP 916 DI 10.1016/jnucmat.2004.10.132 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500179 ER PT J AU Meyer, FW Krause, HF Vergara, LI AF Meyer, FW Krause, HF Vergara, LI TI Measurements of chemical erosion of ATJ graphite by low energy D-2(+) impact SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE carbon-based materials; chemical erosion; erosion and deposition; ion-surface interactions; sputtering ID PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; HYDROCARBON FORMATION; HYDROGEN; FILMS; ION; YIELDS AB We report on initial results of chemical sputtering of ATJ graphite by impact of D-2(+) in the energy range 30-125 eV/amu. A quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) in a UHV scattering chamber was used to monitor the partial pressures of species in the atomic mass range 2-60 amu as a function of the D atom dose accumulated on a graphite sample. Based on in situ measurements of cracking patterns and QMS sensitivities using calibrated leaks, sputtering yields are presented for the production of methane and acetylene for sample temperatures of 300 and 800 K, and energies of 30, 45, and 125 eV/amu. At the lowest investigated impact energy, the contribution of CD4 is found to decrease significantly with increasing temperature, while the contribution of C2D2 is virtually unchanged. For an 800K sample temperature, both the CD4 and C2D2 yields increase with increasing impact energy. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Meyer, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meyerfw@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 922 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.056 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500181 ER PT J AU Sharpe, JP Humrickhouse, PW Skinner, CH Tanabe, T Masaki, K Miya, N Sagara, A AF Sharpe, JP Humrickhouse, PW Skinner, CH Tanabe, T Masaki, K Miya, N Sagara, A CA NSTX Team JT-60U Team TI Characterization of dust collected from NSTX and JT-60U SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE NSTX; JT60U; dust; tokamak dust AB Dust has been collected and analyzed from NSTX at PPPL and JT-60U at JAERI-Naka. A total quantity of 39 mg of dust was collected from NSTX, and 170 mg was obtained from sampling areas in JT-60U. Particle sizes determined by count-based measurements from all locations in NSTX averaged 3.27 mu m, and JT-60U dust has a similar average size of 3.08 mu m. Dust from both devices was composed mainly of carbon. Specific surface areas of two dust samples from JT-60U are 1.18 m(2)/g and 0.28 m(2)/g. NSTX samples contained insufficient mass for measuring specific surface area. Details from the analysis of each dust collection activity in NSTX and JT-60U are described in this paper. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Nucl Engn, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Dept Fus Facil, Ibaraki, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Japan. RP Idaho Natl Lab, Mail Stop 3860, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM jpsharpe@ida.net NR 4 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 1000 EP 1004 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.09.058 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500197 ER PT J AU Yacout, AM Hassanein, A AF Yacout, AM Hassanein, A TI Modeling and analysis of mixed-material surface evolution and sputtering SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE co-deposition; divertor; implantation; impurity; sputtering; surface analysis ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES AB Analysis of near-surface compositional changes in materials exposed to ion fluxes is important to a number of technological applications. These applications include preferential sputtering of multi-component materials, ion implantation, plasma contamination, and erosion of plasma facing components in future tokamak devices such as ITER. A model is developed that addresses the dynamics of compositional changes in the near surface region of a plasma facing component where the synergistic effects of sputtering, implantation, and re-deposition are taken into account self consistently. The Monte Carlo binary collision methodology is combined with phenomenological kinetics modeling to study the evolution of the near surface region and the mixing of incident particles with the target material. To show the model capabilities, example model calculations simulated the evolution of beryllium in the sub-surface region of a tungsten divertor that is exposed to multiple fluxes of deuterium, tritium, oxygen, and beryllium. The calculations show that Be can remain in sub-surface region only if the re-deposition fraction is near 1.0 and the confinement of most implanted Be to that region. The calculations also show that the time needed for Be fraction to reach equilibrium is within 1 s after the start of irradiation. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yacout, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yacout@anl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 1048 EP 1052 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.10.087 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500207 ER PT J AU Brooks, JN Allain, JP Rognlien, TD Maingi, R AF Brooks, JN Allain, JP Rognlien, TD Maingi, R TI PSI modeling of liquid lithium divertors for the NSTX tokamak SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Portland, ME SP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, US DOE DE NSTX; lithium; erosion/redeposition; divertor modeling; density control AB We analyzed plasma surface interaction issues for the planned Module-A static liquid lithium divertor for NSTX using coupled codes/models describing the plasma edge, divertor temperature, and erosion/redeposition, with input data from tokamak and laboratory experiments. A 300 nm lithium pre-shot deposited coating will strongly pump impinging D+ ions. This yields a low-recycle SOL plasma with high plasma temperature, T-e similar to 200-400 eV, low density, N-e similar to 1-3 x 10(18) m(-3), and peak heat loads of similar to 8-20 MW/m(2), for 2-4 MW core plasma heating power. This regime has advantages for the NSTX physics mission. Peak surface temperature can be held to an acceptable <= 470 degrees C with moderate strike point sweeping (10 cm/s) using a carbon (for 2 MW) or Mo/Cu or W/Cu substrate (2-4 MW). Erosion/redeposition analysis shows acceptable coating lifetime for a 2 s pulse and low core plasma contamination by sputtered lithium. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brooks, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM brooks@anl.gov OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 337 IS 1-3 BP 1053 EP 1057 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.07.062 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 908LW UT WOS:000227789500208 ER PT J AU Crocce, M Dalvit, DAR Lombardo, FC Mazzitelli, FD AF Crocce, M Dalvit, DAR Lombardo, FC Mazzitelli, FD TI Hertz potentials approach to the dynamical Casimir effect in cylindrical cavities of arbitrary section SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE cavity QED; Casimir effect; resonant photon creation ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; PARAMETRIC-EXCITATION; OSCILLATING BOUNDARY; MOVING BOUNDARIES; MU-M; GENERATION; RADIATION; VACUUM; FORCE; PULSES AB We study the creation of photons in resonant cylindrical cavities with time-dependent length. The physical degrees of freedom of the electromagnetic field are described using Hertz potentials. We describe the general formalism for cavities with arbitrary section. Then we compute explicitly the number of TE and TM motion-induced photons for cylindrical cavities with rectangular and circular sections. We also discuss the creation of TEM photons in non-simply connected cylindrical cavities. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis Juan Jose Giambiagi, FCE&N, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Crocce, M (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP S32 EP S39 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/7/3/005 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 914VV UT WOS:000228257000006 ER PT J AU Shukla, P Gordon, JC Cowley, AH Jones, JN AF Shukla, P Gordon, JC Cowley, AH Jones, JN TI Fluoroaryl-substituted ketiminate complexes of aluminum SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ketiminate; beta-aminoenone; aluminum; complexes; syntheses; structures ID DIKETIMINATE LIGANDS; POLYMERIZATION; ACTIVATION AB The ketiminate complex AlCl[OC(Me)CHC(Me)N(p-C6H4F)](2) (4) has been prepared from the beta-aminoenone, O=C(Me)CH=C(Me)N(H)(p-C6H4F) (3) by lithiation of 3 with n-BuLi, followed by reaction with AlCl3 and by the reaction of 3 with Me2AlCl. A second compound, [AlCl2{O=C(Me)CH=C(Me)N(H)(p-C6H4F)}(4)][AlCl4] (5), was also isolated from the AlCl3 reaction. The structures of 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cowley, AH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Univ Stn A5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cowley@mail.utexas.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 690 IS 5 BP 1366 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.12.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 904PJ UT WOS:000227509900032 ER PT J AU Son, CD Sargsyan, H Hurst, GB Naider, F Becker, JM AF Son, CD Sargsyan, H Hurst, GB Naider, F Becker, JM TI Analysis of ligand-receptor cross-linked fragments by mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine; G-protein coupled receptor; ligand-receptor interaction; mass spectrometry; peptide synthesis; photoaffinity cross-linking; alpha-factor receptor; yeast ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; ACTIVE-SITE NUCLEOPHILE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; BINDING REGIONS; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDES; MALDI; INHIBITORS; COMPLEXES AB G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of integral membrane receptor proteins that are characterized by a signature seven-transmembrane (7-TM) configuration. The alpha-factor receptor (Ste2p) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a GPCR that, upon binding of a peptide ligand, transduces a signal to initiate a cascade of events leading to the mating of haploid yeast cells. This study summarizes the application of affinity purification and of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) experiments using biotinylated photoactivatable alpha-factor analogs. Affinity purification and enrichment of biotinylated peptides by monomeric avidin beads resulted in mass spectrometric detection of specific signals corresponding to crosslinked fragments of Ste2p. Data obtained from cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments of receptor cross-linked to an alpha-factor analog with the photoaffinity group p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine on position 1 were in agreement with the previous results reported by our laboratory suggesting the cross-linking between position 1 of alpha-factor and a region of Ste2p covering residues 251-294. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY, Inst Macromol Assemblies, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Becker, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jbecker@utk.edu RI Son, Cagdas/A-5380-2010; Son, Cagdas/C-8018-2014; OI Son, Cagdas/0000-0002-4076-5441; Son, Cagdas/0000-0002-4076-5441; Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM22086, GM22087] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP 418 EP 426 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00248.X PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 904LK UT WOS:000227499400012 PM 15787972 ER PT J AU Leitner, O Guo, XH Thomas, AW AF Leitner, O Guo, XH Thomas, AW TI Direct CP violation, branching ratios and form factors B ->pi,B -> K in B decays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; OMEGA MIXING AMPLITUDE; QCD FACTORIZATION; MESON DECAYS; PERTURBATIVE QCD; HEAVY MESONS; LEADING LOGARITHMS; RESONANCE PHYSICS; STRONG PHASES; WEAK DECAYS AB The B --> pi and B --> K transitions involved in hadronic B decays are investigated in a phenomenological way through the framework of QCD factorization. By comparing our results with experimental branching ratios from the BELLE, BABAR and CLEO collaborations for all the B decays including either a pion or a kaon, we propose boundaries for the transition form factors B --> pi and B --> K depending on the CKM matrix element parameters p and eta. From this analysis, the form factors required to reproduce the experimental data for branching ratios are FB-->pi = 0.31 +/- 0.12 and FB-->K = 0.37 +/- 0.13. We calculate the direct CP violating asymmetry parameter, acp, for B --> pi(+)pi(-)pi and B --> pi(+)pi(-)K decays, in the case where p-w mixing effects are taken into account. Based on these results, we find that the direct CP asymmetry for B- --> pi(+)pi(-)pi(-), (B) over bar (0) --> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0), B- --> pi(+)pi(-)K(-) and (B) over bar (0) --> pi(+)pi(-)(K) over bar (0), reaches its maximum when the invariant mass pi(+)pi(-) is in the vicinity of the w meson mass. The inclusion of p-w mixing provides an opportunity to erase, without ambiguity, the phase uncertainty mod(pi) in the determination of the CKM angles alpha in the case of b --> u and gamma in the case of b --> s. C1 ECT, I-38050 Villazzano, Trento, Italy. Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Radiat Beam Technol & Mat Modificat, Natl Minist Educ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP ECT, Str Tabarelle 286, I-38050 Villazzano, Trento, Italy. EM leitner@ect.it; xhguo@bnu.edu.cn; awthomas@jlab.org RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 115 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 199 EP 253 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/3/004 PG 55 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 904MI UT WOS:000227502000006 ER PT J AU Kipper, MJ Seifert, S Thiyagarajan, P Narasimhan, B AF Kipper, MJ Seifert, S Thiyagarajan, P Narasimhan, B TI Morphology of polyanhydride copolymers: Time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering studies of crystallization SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; biomaterials; crystallization; SAXS ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DRUG-DELIVERY; BIOERODIBLE POLYANHYDRIDES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; POLYMERS; MICROSPHERES; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); RELEASE AB Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the isothermal crystallization kinetics of a family of polyanhydride copolymers consisting of 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane and sebacic acid monomers. In situ SAXS experiments permitted the direct observation of the crystallization kinetics. The structural parameters (the long period, lamellar thickness, and degree of crystallinity) were obtained from Lorentz-corrected intensity profiles, one-dimensional correlation functions, and interface distribution functions to form a comprehensive picture of the crystal morphology. The combination of these three analyses provided information not only on the lamellar dimensions but also on the polydispersity (nonuniformity) of these dimensions. Where possible, the crystallization kinetics were interpreted with a modified version of the Avrami equation. The results can be used to perform the rational design of controlled-drug-release formulations because crystallinity affects drug-release kinetics. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narasimhan, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nbalaji@iastate.edu RI Narasimhan, Balaji/A-5487-2008; Kipper, Matt/B-6941-2013 OI Narasimhan, Balaji/0000-0002-7955-5353; Kipper, Matt/0000-0002-8818-745X NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 463 EP 477 DI 10.1002/polb.20351 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 897OW UT WOS:000227015500001 ER PT J AU Markillie, LM Lin, CT Adkins, JN Auberry, DL Hill, EA Hooker, BS Moore, PA Moore, RJ Shi, L Wiley, HS Kery, V AF Markillie, LM Lin, CT Adkins, JN Auberry, DL Hill, EA Hooker, BS Moore, PA Moore, RJ Shi, L Wiley, HS Kery, V TI Simple protein complex purification and identification method for high-throughput mapping of protein interaction networks SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE protein complex purification; identification; mass spectrometry; mapping protein interaction networks ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FUNCTIONAL PROTEOMICS; YEAST PROTEOME; DEGRADOSOME AB Most current methods for purification and identification of protein complexes use endogenous expression of affinity-tagged bait, tandem affinity tag purification of protein complexes followed by specific elution of complexes from beads, and gel separation and in-gel digestion prior to mass spectrometric analysis of protein interactors. We propose a single affinity tag in vitro pull-down assay with denaturing elution, trypsin digestion in organic solvent, and LC-ESI MS/MS protein identification using SEQUEST analysis. Our method is simple and easy to scale-up and automate, making it suitable for high-throughput mapping of protein interaction networks and functional proteomics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Kery, V (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Vladimir.Kery@pnl.gov RI Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1021/pr049947a PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 916YE UT WOS:000228421900009 PM 15822902 ER PT J AU Shestakov, AI Bolstad, JH AF Shestakov, AI Bolstad, JH TI An exact solution for the linearized multifrequency radiation diffusion equation SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE linearized; multigroup diffusion; radiation; transfer; transport ID BENCHMARK AB An exact solution, based on Fourier and Laplace (FL) transforms, is developed for a linearization of the system modeling the multifrequency radiation diffusion and matter energy balance equations. The model uses an ideal gas equation of state. Opacities are proportional to the inverse of the cube of the frequency, thereby simulating free-free transitions. The solution is obtained in terms of integrals over the FL coefficients of the initial conditions and explicit sources. Results are presented for two special cases. (1) No sources, initially cold radiation field, and a localized matter energy profile. (2) Initially cold matter and radiation fields and a source of matter energy extending over finite space and time intervals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shestakov, AI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-38, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM shestakov@llnl.gov; bolstad@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 133 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.052 PG 21 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 866PQ UT WOS:000224785800002 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E Ackerman, T Kollias, P AF Kassianov, E Ackerman, T Kollias, P TI The role of cloud-scale resolution on radiative properties of oceanic cumulus clouds SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE cloud scale resolution; cloud radar dataset; solar radiation ID MULTILAYER BROKEN CLOUDS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; GEOMETRY; ALBEDO; FIELDS AB Both individual and combined effects of the horizontal and vertical variability of cumulus clouds on solar radiative transfer are investigated using a two-dimensional (x- and z-directions) cloud radar dataset. This high-resolution dataset of typical fair-weather marine cumulus is derived from ground-based 94 GHz cloud radar observations. The domain-averaged (along x-direction) radiative properties are computed by a Monte Carlo method. It is shown that (i) different cloud-scale resolutions can be used for accurate calculations of the mean absorption, upward and downward fluxes; (ii) the resolution effects can depend strongly on the solar zenith angle; and (iii) a few cloud statistics can be successfully applied for calculating the averaged radiative properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.059 PG 16 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 866PQ UT WOS:000224785800008 ER PT J AU Wilson, M Jackson, D AF Wilson, M Jackson, D TI Uncertainty and power at low levels of incurred radiation dose SO JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; VEGETABLES AB It is common practice when calculating dose to exposed populations to average the variables that go into the dose calculation (e.g. environmental concentrations, air kerma, consumption rates, occupancy rates). This approach is simple and can be useful where data are obtained over different periods (weekly, monthly, quarterly), where samples may be bulked for some analyses but not others and where gaps in the data are present, However, such an approach does not yield information on the degree of uncertainty around the average dose calculated. An alternative approach is to estimate the dose to each individual and to obtain an average from this data set, which can then also be used to derive a measure of uncertainty around the central dose estimate. In this study, we demonstrate the variability in dose estimates using a hypothetical data set and consider the implications for sample size to achieve fixed confidence or resolving power. We recommend calculating the dose to every individual sampled, in order both to obtain the average dose and to estimate its variability. We argue that it is best practice to obtain information as complete as possible from the available sample of individuals. C1 Enviros, Edinburgh EH6 6RA, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Jackson, D (reprint author), Enviros, 61 Shore, Edinburgh EH6 6RA, Midlothian, Scotland. EM wilson@srel.edu; duncan.jackson@enviros.com OI Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0952-4746 J9 J RADIOL PROT JI J. Radiol. Prot. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1088/0952-4746/25/1/003 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 917AK UT WOS:000228428000003 PM 15798278 ER PT J AU Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Feenstra, R AF Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Feenstra, R TI Ba(OH)(2) equilibria in the system Ba-O-H-F, with application to the formation of Ba2YCu3O6.5+x from BaF2-precursors SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ba2YCu3O6.5+x; BaF2; Ba(OH)(2); ex situ process; liquid; phase equilibria; pH(2)O; pHF; processing; superconductor; thermodynamic calculations ID THIN-FILMS; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; CURRENT-DENSITY; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; YBA2CU3OX; SRTIO3 AB The ex situ process for fabricating Ba2YCu3O6.5 (+) (x) superconducting tapes from BaF2-based precursors involves a hydration/oxidation reaction at approximate to 730 degrees C to 750 degrees C generally written as: (2 BaF2 + Y + 3 Cu)(amorphous) + (2 H2O + 2.25 O-2)(g) -> Ba2YCu3O6.5 (+) (x)(s) + 4 HF(g). However, microscopic observations of partially processed films suggest the presence of a transient liquid phase during conversion. Alternatively, the conversion reaction can be rewritten as the sum of several intermediate steps, including the formation of a barium hydroxide liquid: (BaF2)(amorphous) + 2 H2O(g) -> Ba(OH)(2)(liq) + 2 HF(g). To evaluate the possibility of a hydroxide liquid conversion step, thermodynamic calculations on the stability of Ba(OH)(2)(liq) have been completed from 500 degrees C to 900 degrees C at 0.1 MPa p(total). Based on currently available data, the calculated phase diagrams suggest that a viable hydroxide reaction path exists in the higher part of this temperature range. The calculations indicate that Ba(OH)(2)(liq) may be stable at log p(H2O) (Pa) values from approximate to 4 to 5, provided log p(HF) (Pa) values can be maintained below 0 to -1. Limited experimental confirmation is provided by results of an experiment on BaF2(s) at 815 degrees C, 0.1 MPa p(H2O), in which essentially all F at the surface was replaced by O. It is therefore possible that processing routes exist for producing Ba2YCu3O6.5 + x based on the presence of a Ba(OH)(2) liquid, which might have an effect on conversion rates and texturing in the superconducting film. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cook, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawrence.cook@nist.gov; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; f59@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.6028/jres.110.011 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100004 PM 27308108 ER PT J AU Sodano, HA Park, G Inman, DJ AF Sodano, HA Park, G Inman, DJ TI Multiple sensors and actuators for vibration suppression of an inflated torus SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY APR 07-10, 2003 CL Norfolk, VA SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sodano, HA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 370 EP 373 DI 10.2514/1.8022 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 916VL UT WOS:000228414400021 ER PT J AU Barre, J Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A AF Barre, J Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A TI The cavity method for the rigidity transition SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rigidity transition; combinatorial optimization; cavity method ID GENERIC RIGIDITY; NETWORK GLASSES; PERCOLATION; DYNAMICS; PHASE AB In order to motivate an analogy between the rigidity theory and combinatorial optimization, we have used the cavity method to study the floppy to rigid transition in a 2-dimensional (2D) random graph as well as in a 3D small world chain. Our analytic results are in excellent agreement with numerical studies using the pebble game algorithm. We also illustrate that a transfer matrix method is equivalent to the cavity method at the replica symmetric level. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barre, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbarre@cnls.lanl.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5-6 BP 1057 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/s10955-004-2709-2 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 914BR UT WOS:000228200100008 ER PT J AU Bouchet, F Barre, J AF Bouchet, F Barre, J TI Classification of phase transitions and ensemble inequivalence, in systems with long range interactions SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE long range interaction; phase transition; bifurcation; ensemble equivalence ID STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; NEGATIVE SPECIFIC-HEAT; GUIDING-CENTER PLASMA; GRAVITATING FERMIONS; EULER EQUATIONS; MECHANICS; FLOWS; MODEL; EQUIVALENCE; DIAGRAMS AB Systems with long range interactions in general are not additive, which can lead to an inequivalence of the microcanonical and canonical ensembles. The microcanonical ensemble may show richer behavior than the canonical one, including negative specific heats and other non-common behaviors. We propose a classification of microcanonical phase transitions, of their link to canonical ones, and of the possible situations of ensemble inequivalence. We discuss previously observed phase transitions and inequivalence in self-gravitating, two-dimensional fluid dynamics and non-neutral plasmas. We note a number of generic situations that have not yet been observed in such systems. C1 Dipartimento Energet Sergio Stecco, I-50137 Florence, Italy. Ecole Normale Super, Phys Lab, Lyon 07, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dipartimento Energet Sergio Stecco, Via S Marta 3, I-50137 Florence, Italy. EM freddy.bouchet@ens.lyon.fr NR 43 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-4715 EI 1572-9613 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5-6 BP 1073 EP 1105 DI 10.1007/s10955-004-2059-0 PG 33 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 914BR UT WOS:000228200100009 ER PT J AU Hinich, MJ Wolinsky, M AF Hinich, MJ Wolinsky, M TI Normalizing bispectra SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE bispectrum; trispectrum; spectrum; Chi-square ID SPECTRA; SIGNAL AB Normalization of the bispectrum has been treated differently in the engineering signal processing literature from what is standard in the statistical time series literature. In the signal processing literature, normalization has been treated as a matter of definition and therefore a matter of choice and convenience. In particular, a number of investigators favor the Kim and Powers (Phys. Fluids 21 (8) (1978) 1452) or their "bicoherence" in Kim and Powers (IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-7 (2) (1979) 120) because they believe it produces a result guaranteed to be bounded by zero and one. and hence that it provides a result that is easily interpretable as the fraction of signal energy due to quadratic coupling. In this contribution, we show that wrong decisions can be obtained by relying on the (1979) normalization which is always bounded by one. This "bicoherence' depends on the resolution bandwidth of the sample bispectrum. Choice of normalization is not solely a matter of definition and this choice has empirical consequences. The term "bicoherence spectrum" is misleading since it is really a skewness spectrum. A statistical normalization is presented that provides a measure of quadratic coupling for stationary random nonlinear processes that has finite dependence. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hinich, MJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Appl Res Labs, POB 8029, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM hinich@mail.la.utexas.edu NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2003.12.022 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 892IZ UT WOS:000226645200026 ER PT J AU Shenoy, G Viccaro, PJ AF Shenoy, G Viccaro, PJ TI Applications of synchrotron radiation to materials research SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Source, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Shenoy, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 123 EP 123 DI 10.1107/S0909049505003894 PN 2 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200001 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Cai, Z Wang, ZL Lai, B Chu, YS AF Xiao, Y Cai, Z Wang, ZL Lai, B Chu, YS TI An X-ray nanodiffraction technique for structural characterization of individual SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE X-ray microprobe; X-ray nanodiffraction ID ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; SNO2 NANOWIRES; MICRODIFFRACTION; MICROPROBE; NANOTUBES; CHROMIUM; CELLS AB An X-ray micro/nanodiffraction technique that allows structural characterization of individual nanomaterials has been developed at an insertion-device beamline of the Advanced Photon Source. Using the extremely high brightness of the third- generation synchrotron radiation source and advanced high-resolution high-energy zone-plate focusing optics, X-rays of energies from 6 to 12 keV have been focused into a spot smaller than 200 nm with a photon density gain of more than 50000 so that significant photon flux can be intercepted by a nanoscale material to generate a measurable diffraction signal for structural characterization. This paper describes the instrumentation of the technique and discusses the application of the technique to studies of tin oxide nanobelts. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Cai, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cai@aps.anl.gov RI Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1107/S0909049504028596 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200002 PM 15728964 ER PT J AU Chianelli, RR De la Rosa, MP Meitzner, G Siadati, M Berhault, G Mehta, A Pople, J Fuentes, S Alonzo-Nunez, G Polette, LA AF Chianelli, RR De la Rosa, MP Meitzner, G Siadati, M Berhault, G Mehta, A Pople, J Fuentes, S Alonzo-Nunez, G Polette, LA TI Synchrotron and simulations techniques applied to problems in materials science: catalysts and Azul Maya pigments SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE XAFS; WAXS; SAXS; XANES; catalysts; Maya blue ID TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; RADIATION; CARBON; MODEL; MOS2 AB Development of synchrotron techniques for the determination of the structure of disordered, amorphous and surface materials has exploded over the past 20 years owing to the increasing availability of high-flux synchrotron radiation and the continuing development of increasingly powerful synchrotron techniques. These techniques are available to materials scientists who are not necessarily synchrotron scientists through interaction with effective user communities that exist at synchrotrons such as the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. In this article the application of multiple synchrotron characterization techniques to two classes of materials defined as 'surface compounds' is reviewed. One class of surface compounds are materials like MoS(2-x)C(x) that are widely used petroleum catalysts, used to improve the environmental properties of transportation fuels. These compounds may be viewed as 'sulfide-supported carbides' in their catalytically active states. The second class of 'surface compounds' are the 'Maya blue' pigments that are based on technology created by the ancient Maya. These compounds are organic/inorganic 'surface complexes' consisting of the dye indigo and palygorskite, common clay. The identification of both surface compounds relies on the application of synchrotron techniques as described here. C1 Univ Texas El Paso, MRTI, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. CNRS, LACCO, Poitiers, France. SSRL, Stanford, CA USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Mat Condensada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico. RP Chianelli, RR (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, MRTI, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM chianell@utep.edu NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1107/S0909049504026172 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200003 PM 15728965 ER PT J AU Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, W Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Pang, JWL Barabash, RI Liu, W AF Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, W Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Pang, JWL Barabash, RI Liu, W TI Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction studies of mesoscale structure and dynamics SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE strain; deformation; grain; growth; grain boundary type ID THIN-FILMS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TIN WHISKERS; GRAIN; DIFFRACTION; STRAIN; GROWTH; ELECTROMIGRATION; POLYCRYSTALS AB Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction is an emerging tool for studying mesoscale structure and dynamics. Crystalline phase, orientation (texture), elastic and plastic strain can be nondestructively mapped in three dimensions with good spatial and angular resolution. Local crystallographic orientation can be determined to similar to0.01degrees and elastic strain tensor elements can be measured with a resolution of similar to10(-4) or better. Complete strain tensor information can be obtained by augmenting polychromatic microdiffraction with a monochromatic measurement of one Laue-reflection energy. With differential-aperture depth profiling, volumes tens to hundreds of micrometers below the surface are accessible so that three-dimensional distributions of crystalline morphology including grain boundaries, triple points, second phases and inclusions can all be mapped. Volume elements below 0.25 mum(3) are routinely resolved so that the grain boundary structure of most materials can be characterized. Here the theory, instrumentation and application of polychromatic microdiffraction are described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM icege@ornl.gov RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 39 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1107/S0909049504026949 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200005 PM 15728967 ER PT J AU Fong, DD Eastman, JA Stephenson, GB Fuoss, PH Streiffer, SK Thompson, C Auciello, O AF Fong, DD Eastman, JA Stephenson, GB Fuoss, PH Streiffer, SK Thompson, C Auciello, O TI In situ synchrotron X-ray studies of ferroelectric thin films SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE thin films; PbTiO3; chemical vapour deposition; ferroelectric phase transition; 180 degrees stripe domains ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; GROWTH; PBTIO3; SCATTERING; PRESSURE; SURFACE; OXIDES; SRTIO3 AB In situ synchrotron X-ray scattering was used to observe both the growth of PbTiO3 films by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition and the behaviour of the ferroelectric phase transition as a function of film thickness. The dependences of growth mode and deposition rate on gas flows and substrate temperature were determined by homoepitaxial growth studies on thick films (> 50 nm). These studies facilitated the growth of thin coherently strained PbTiO3 films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates, with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 42 nm. Experiments on the ferroelectric phase transition as a function of film thickness were carried out in these films under controlled mechanical and electrical boundary conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265; Thompson, Carol/0000-0003-3832-4855 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1107/S0909049504025816 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200006 PM 15728968 ER PT J AU DeCamp, MF Reis, DA Fritz, DM Bucksbaum, PH Dufresne, EM Clarke, R AF DeCamp, MF Reis, DA Fritz, DM Bucksbaum, PH Dufresne, EM Clarke, R TI X-ray synchrotron studies of ultrafast crystalline dynamics SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE X-ray diffraction; ultrafast; phonon ID PICOSECOND LIGHT-PULSES; LASER-SHOCKED CRYSTALS; COHERENT THZ PHONONS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; STREAK-CAMERA; REFRACTIVE OPTICS; ACOUSTIC PHONONS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; LITHIUM METAL; DIFFRACTION AB Ultrafast X-ray experiments at synchrotron sources hold tremendous promise for measuring the atomistic dynamics of materials under a wide variety of transient conditions. In particular, the marriage of synchrotron radiation and ultrafast laser technology is opening up a new frontier of materials research. Structural changes initiated by femtosecond laser pulses can be tracked in real time using time-resolved X-ray diffraction on picosecond time scales or shorter. Here, research at the Advanced Photon Source is described, illustrating the opportunities for ultrafast diffraction with some recent work on the generation of impulsive strain, coherent phonon generation and supersonic diffusion of electron-hole plasmas. The flexibility of time-resolved Bragg and Lane diffraction geometries are both utilized to illuminate the strain generation and evolution process. Time-resolved X-ray science will become increasingly important with the construction of linac-based ultrafast X-ray sources. C1 Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reis, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dreis@umich.edu NR 78 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1107/S0909049504033679 PN 2 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200008 PM 15728970 ER PT J AU de Leon, JM Acosta-Alejandro, M Conradson, SD Bishop, AR AF de Leon, JM Acosta-Alejandro, M Conradson, SD Bishop, AR TI Local structure fluctuations as a signature of an inhomogeneous ground state in high-T-c superconductors SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE XAFAS; high-T-c superconductors; radial distribution function; inhomogeneous ground state ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LATTICE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; YBA2CU3O7; PHASE AB In-plane polarized Cu K-edge XAFS on La2CuO4.1 is presented, which indicates a radial in-plane Cu-O distribution function that is not a single Gaussian. Fits to the isolated Cu-O XAFS signal show the presence of a two-site radial distribution function, similar to that found in other La-based cuprate superconductors at temperatures below the temperature associated with the pseudogap appearance, T*. The appearance of the two-site distribution is interpreted as evidence of a non-homogeneous ground state, preceding the superconducting transition. Similar results found in other copper-oxide superconductors indicate that this non-homogeneous ground state is a general feature of these materials. C1 Cinvestav Merida, Dept Fis Aplicada, Yucatan 97310, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct & Properties Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cinvestav Merida, Dept Fis Aplicada, Yucatan 97310, Mexico. EM mustre@mail.cinvestav.mx NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1107/S0909049505000063 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200009 ER PT J AU Wang, J AF Wang, J TI X-ray vision of fuel sprays SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE fuel sprays; direct injection; radiography; tomography; reconstruction; shock wave; time-resolved imaging ID PIXEL ARRAY DETECTOR; LIQUID JETS; INJECTION; SCATTERING; ENGINE; RADIOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; MECHANICS AB With brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources, microsecond time-resolved synchrotron X-ray radiography and tomography have been used to elucidate the detailed three-dimensional structure and dynamics of high-pressure high-speed fuel sprays in the near-nozzle region. The measurement allows quantitative determination of the fuel distribution in the optically impenetrable region owing to the multiple scattering of visible light by small atomized fuel droplets surrounding the jet. X-radiographs of the jet-induced shock waves prove that the fuel jets become supersonic under appropriate injection conditions and that the quantitative analysis of the thermodynamic properties of the shock waves can also be derived from the most direct measurement. In other situations where extremely axial-asymmetric sprays are encountered, mass deconvolution and cross-sectional fuel distribution models can be computed based on the monochromatic and time-resolved X-radiographic images collected from various rotational orientations of the sprays. Such quantitative analysis reveals the never-before-reported characteristics and most detailed near-nozzle mass distribution of highly transient fuel sprays. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wangj@aps.anl.gov NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1107/S0909049504032297 PN 2 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200010 PM 15728972 ER PT J AU Fahnle, M Albrecht, J Eimuller, T Fischer, P Goering, E Steiauf, D Schutz, G AF Fahnle, M Albrecht, J Eimuller, T Fischer, P Goering, E Steiauf, D Schutz, G TI On the imaging of the flux-line lattice of a type-II superconductor by soft X-ray absorption microscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Applications of Synchrotron Radiation to Materials CY AUG 19-20, 2003 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Off Basic Energy Sci, US DOE DE X-ray absorption microscopy; flux-line lattice ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS AB A new method is proposed for the imaging of the flux-line lattice of a type-II superconductor by soft X-ray absorption microscopy. It is shown that the method is very demanding but probably realisable in the foreseeable future. The new method has the potential to image in real space static and dynamical properties of the flux-line lattice at arbitrary external fields and with single-flux-line resolution. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fahnle, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM faehnle@mf.mpg.de RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Albrecht, Joachim/I-7893-2014 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Albrecht, Joachim/0000-0002-4047-4302 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 BP 251 EP 253 DI 10.1107/S0909049504028936 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 902SQ UT WOS:000227377200017 PM 15728979 ER PT J AU Holzrichter, JF Ng, LC Burke, GJ Champagne, NJ Kallman, JS Sharpe, RM Kobler, JB Hillman, RE Rosowski, JJ AF Holzrichter, JF Ng, LC Burke, GJ Champagne, NJ Kallman, JS Sharpe, RM Kobler, JB Hillman, RE Rosowski, JJ TI Measurements of glottal structure dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPEDANCE; MODELS AB Low power, radarlike electromagnetic (EM) wave sensors, operating in a homodyne interferometric mode, are being used to measure tissue motions in the human vocal tract during speech. However, when these and similar sensors are used in front of the laryngeal region during voiced speech, there remains an uncertainty regarding the contributions to the sensor signal from vocal fold movements versus those from pressure induced trachea-wall movements. Several signal-source hypotheses are tested by performing experiments with a subject who had undergone tracheostomy, and who still was able to phonate when her stoma was covered (e.g., with a plastic plate). Laser-doppler motion-measurements of the subject's posterior trachea show small tissue movements, about 15 microns, that do not contribute significantly to signals from presently used EM sensors. However, signals from the anterior wall do contribute. EM sensor and air-pressure measurements, together with 3-D EM wave simulations, show that EM sensors measure movements of the vocal folds very well. The simulations show a surprisingly effective guiding of EM waves across the vocal fold membrane, which, upon glottal opening, are interrupted and reflected. These measurements are important for EM sensor applications to speech signal de-noising, vocoding, speech recognition, and diagnostics. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Voice & Speech Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Easton Peabody Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Holzrichter, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM holzrichter1@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1373 EP 1385 DI 10.1121/1.1842775 PN 1 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 905NF UT WOS:000227574700038 PM 15807025 ER PT J AU Haslam, JJ Pham, AQ Chung, BW DiCarlo, JF Glass, RS AF Haslam, JJ Pham, AQ Chung, BW DiCarlo, JF Glass, RS TI Effects of the use of pore formers on performance of an anode supported solid oxide fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID TEMPERATURE AB The effects of amount of pore former used to produce porosity in the anode of an anode supported planar solid oxide fuel cell were examined. The pore-forming material utilized was rice starch. The reduction rate of the anode material was measured by Thermogravimetric analysis to qualitatively characterize the gas transport within the porous anode materials. Fuel cells with varying amounts of porosity produced by using rice starch as a pore former were tested. The performance of the fuel cell was the greatest with an optimum amount of pore former used to create porosity in the anode. This optimum is believed to be related to a trade off between increasing gas diffusion to the active three-phase boundary region of the anode and the loss of performance because of the replacement of active three-phase boundary regions of the anode with porosity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haslam, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haslam2@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 16 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00097.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 909JV UT WOS:000227857100002 ER PT J AU Morales, AM Pitchumani, R Garino, TJ Gutmann, AK Domeier, LA AF Morales, AM Pitchumani, R Garino, TJ Gutmann, AK Domeier, LA TI Fabrication of ceramic microstructures via microcasting of nanoparticulate slurry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-FLOW; SURFACES; KINETICS; MEMS; LIGA AB Fabrication of microstructures has been the subject of considerable attention in recent years. Techniques such as surface silicon micromachining and bulk silicon etch have emerged as practical methods for thin microstructures and processes such as LIGA (an acronym for the German words for lithography, electrodeposition, and molding) are being used to produce high aspect ratio structures from a limited set of electroformable metals and polymers. As microsystem technologies and application prospects continue to grow, it is of interest and much practical value to expand the material choices for LIGA-scale microstructures to ceramics and a broader class of metals. To this end, this paper investigates a new technique for the fabrication of high aspect ratio ceramic or metal microparts. This technique is based on capillary-driven microcasting and curing of an epoxy-based metallic or ceramic nanoparticulate slurry into a sacrificial plastic mold produced by microinjection molding. The cured preform is subsequently heated to remove the organic phase and to sinter the particulate ceramic or metallic phase. The fabrication process is discussed in the paper along with illustration of example microparts produced using the process. A theoretical model of the fluid flow during the microcasting process is developed and validated with experimental data from the fabrication of rectangular rib sections. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Connecticut, Adv Mat & Technol Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Morales, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM amorale@sandia.gov; r.pitchumani@uconn.edu NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00134.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 909JV UT WOS:000227857100012 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Culley, D Yang, CP Durst, R Wrolstad, R AF Brown, CR Culley, D Yang, CP Durst, R Wrolstad, R TI Variation of anthocyanin and carotenoid contents and associated antioxidant values in potato breeding lines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; ASSAY; INHERITANCE; COLOR; FLESH AB A breeding effort designed to increase the antioxidant level of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by means of high concentrations of anthocyanins and/or carotenoids provided selected materials for analysis. Extraction methods suitable for isolating both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were used and measurements of total anthocyanin and total carotenoid were made. Two methods of measurement of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) adapted to hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were applied. Total anthocyanin values varied between 9.5 and 38 mg per 100 g fresh weight (FW). The hydrophilic fraction ORAC measurements among anthocyanin-rich clones varied between 250 and 1420 mu mol Trolox equivalents per 100 g FW. These two variables were significantly correlated, r = 0.73, and with significant positive slope in linear regression. Measurement of total carotenoids revealed differing degrees of yellowness covered a range of total carotenoid extending from 35 to 795 jig per 100 g FW. Dark yellow cultivars had roughly 10 times more total carotenoid than white-flesh cultivars. The lipophilic fraction ORAC values ranged from 4.6 to 15.3 nmoles alpha-tocopherol equivalents per 100 g FW. Total carotenoid was correlated with the lipophilic ORAC values, r = 0.77, and also had a statistically significant positive regression coefficient. Clones with red and yellow pigments visible in the flesh had anthocyanins and carotenoids in elevated levels and ORAC contributions from both fractions. The introgression of high levels of carotenoid from germplasm directly extracted from the Papa Amarilla (yellow potato) category of cultivars of South America into long-day adapted North American materials is presented here. Although anthocyanins and carotenoids are major contributors to antioxidant activity, other constituents of potato flesh likely play significant roles in total antioxidant values. C1 USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Batelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 130 IS 2 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 906HV UT WOS:000227632500005 ER PT J AU Idesman, AV Levitas, VI Preston, DL Cho, JY AF Idesman, AV Levitas, VI Preston, DL Cho, JY TI Finite element simulations of martensitic phase transitions and microstructures based on a strain softening model SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE martensitic phase transitions; finite elements; strain softening; microstructure ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; SIMPLE MICROMECHANICAL MODEL; CU-AL-NI; FIELD MODEL; THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; PSEUDOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TRANSFORMATIONS; RELAXATION; ENERGY AB A new approach for modeling multivariant martensitic phase transitions (PT) and martensitic microstructure (MM) in elastic materials is proposed. It is based on a thermornechanical model for PT that includes strain softening and the corresponding strain localization during PT. Mesh sensitivity in numerical simulations is avoided by using rate-dependent constitutive equations in the model. Due to strain softening, a microstructure comprised of pure martensitic and austenitic domains separated by narrow transition zones is obtained as the solution of the corresponding boundary value problem. In contrast to Landau-Ginzburg models, which are limited in practice to nanoscale specimens, this new phase field model is valid for scales greater than 100 nm and without upper bound. A finite element algorithm for the solution of elastic problems with multivariant martensitic PT is developed and implemented into the software ABAQUS. Simulated microstructures in elastic single crystals and polycrystals under uniaxial loading are in qualitative agreement with those observed experimentally. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Idesman, AV (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Dept Engn Mech, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alexander.idesman@coe.ttu.edu NR 46 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 495 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.10.001 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 897QD UT WOS:000227018800001 ER PT J AU Bardenhagena, SG Brydon, AD Guilkey, JE AF Bardenhagena, SG Brydon, AD Guilkey, JE TI Insight into the physics of foam densification via numerical simulation SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE cellular solids; foam mechanics; material point method; constitutive behavior; microstructures ID MATERIAL-POINT METHOD; OPEN-CELL FOAMS; HIGH-STRAIN COMPRESSION; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; LARGE DEFORMATIONS; MESHLESS METHODS; PROPAGATION; FLIP; FLOW AB Foamed materials are increasingly finding application in engineering systems on account of their unique properties. The basic mechanics which gives rise to these properties is well established, they are the result of collapsing the,foam microstructure. Despite a basic understanding, the relationship between the details of foam microstructure and foam bulk response is generally unknown. With continued advances in computational power, many researchers have turned to numerical simulation to gain insight into the relationship between foam microstructure and bulk properties. However, numerical simulation of foam microscale deformation is a very challenging computational task and, to date, simulations over the full range of bulk deformations in which these materials operate have not been reported. Here a particle technique is demonstrated to be well-suited for this computational challenge, permitting simulation of the compression of foam microstructures to full densification. Computations on idealized foam microstructures are in agreement with engineering guidelines and various experimental results. Dependencies on degree of microstructure regularity and material properties are demonstrated. A surprising amount of porosity is found in fully- densified foams. The presence of residual porosity can strongly influence dynamic material response and hence needs to be accounted for in bulk (average) constitutive models of these materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T14 MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Bardenhagena, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T14 MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bard@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 597 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.09.003 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 897QD UT WOS:000227018800005 ER PT J AU Florando, JN Nix, WD AF Florando, JN Nix, WD TI A microbeam bending method for studying stress-strain relations for metal thin films on silicon substrates SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE thin films; plasticity; small-scale yielding; strain hardening; MEMS ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BULGE TEST; DEFORMATION; DEFLECTION; LAYER; MEMS AB We have developed a microbeam bending techniques for determining elastic-plastic, stress-strain relations for thin metal films on silicon substrates. The method is similar to previous microbeam bending techniques, except that triangular silicon microbeams are used in place of rectangular beams. The triangular beam has the advantage that the entire film on the top surface of the beam is subjected to a uniform state of plane. strain as the beam is deflected, unlike the standard rectangular geometry where the bending is concentrated at the support. To extract the average stress-strain relations for the film, we present a method of analysis that requires computation of the neutral plane for bending, which changes as the film deforms plastically. This method can be used to determine the elastic-plastic properties of thin metal films on silicon substrates up to strains of about 1%. Utilizing this technique, both yielding and strain hardening of Cu thin films on silicon substrates have been investigated. Copper films with dual crystallographic textures and different grain sizes, as well as others with strong < 111 > textures have been studied. Three strongly textured < 111 > films were studied to examine the effect of film thickness on the deformation properties of the film. These films show very high rates of work hardening, and an increase in the yield: stress and work hardening rate with decreasing film thickness, consistent with current dislocation models. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Florando, JN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,M-S L-340, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM florandol@llnl.gov; nix@stanford.edu NR 23 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 619 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.08.007 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 897QD UT WOS:000227018800006 ER PT J AU Liu, B Kitajima, T Chen, DX Leone, SR AF Liu, B Kitajima, T Chen, DX Leone, SR TI Growth modes of InN (000-1) on GaN buffet layers on sapphire SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INDIUM NITRIDE; SURFACE; TRANSITION; GAN(0001); PYRAMIDS; POLARITY; DOMES; SHAPE; MBE AB In this work, using atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, we study the surface morphologies of epitaxial InN films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with intervening GaN buffer layers on sapphire substrates. On smooth GaN buffer layers, nucleation and evolution of three-dimensional InN islands at various coverages and growth temperatures are investigated. The shapes of the InN islands are observed to be predominantly mesalike with large flat (000-1) tops, which suggests a possible role of indium as a surfactant. Rough GaN buffer layers composed of dense small GaN islands are found to significantly improve uniform InN wetting of the substrates, on which atomically smooth InN films are obtained that show the characteristics of step-flow growth. Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging reveals the defect-mediated surface morphology of smooth InN films, including surface terminations of screw dislocations and a high density of shallow surface pits with depths less than 0.3 nm. The mechanisms of the three-dimensional island size and shape evolution and formation of defects on smooth surfaces are considered. © 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1116/1.1864056 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 907SV UT WOS:000227739200014 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kim, WK Kaczynski, RM Acher, RD Yoon, S Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD Payzant, EA Li, SS AF Kim, S Kim, WK Kaczynski, RM Acher, RD Yoon, S Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD Payzant, EA Li, SS TI Reaction kinetics of CulnSe(2) thin films grown from bilayer InSe/CuSe precursors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CUINSE2; NUCLEATION; CHEMISTRY AB lThe reaction kinetics for the formation of CuInSe2 thin films from a stacked bilayer precursor consisting of InSe and CuSe was studied by means of in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction. In particular, the isothermal phase evolution of the glass/InSe/CuSe precursor was observed at different temperatures. The pathway produces a CuInSe2 diffusion barrier layer that also functions as a nucleation barrier. Hence, amorphous and crystalline phases,simultaneously grow during isothermal processing. The shape of the time-resolved fractional reaction curve exhibits a deceleratory behavior, consistent with the presence of a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism. Analyses based on Avrami and parabolic-rate laws were conducted. The Avrami exponent for each isothermal reaction is in the range 0.5-0.8, which indicates that the growth reaction is dominantly one-dimensional diffusion controlled. The estimated apparent activation energy for this reaction is 66.0 kJ/mol. The results based on the parabolic rate model are consistent with the Avrami analysis, yielding a similar apparent activation energy value, and thus supporting the conclusion that the process is one-dimensional diffusion controlled. © 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Crisalle, OD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM crisalle@che.ufl.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 310 EP 315 DI 10.1116/1.1861051 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 907SV UT WOS:000227739200015 ER PT J AU McDonough, LA Chikan, V Kim, ZH Leone, SR Hinsberg, WD AF McDonough, LA Chikan, V Kim, ZH Leone, SR Hinsberg, WD TI Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of water-polymer interactions in chemically amplified photoresists SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID DEPROTECTION KINETICS; THIN-FILMS; FTIR-ATR; SORPTION; TRANSPORT; HUMIDITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; RESISTS; VAPOR AB Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy is implemented to measure the infrared spectrum of water absorbed by the poly(t-butoxycarbonylstyrene) and the ketal-protected poly(hydroxystyrene) polymer photoresists. The shape and intensity of the OH stretching band of the water spectrum is monitored in a variety of humidity conditions in order to obtain information on the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the water and the polymer chains. The band is deconvoluted into four subbands, which represent four types of water molecules in different environments. Because of the hydrophilicity of the polymers studied, a large portion of the sorbed water molecules is believed to be strongly bound to'the polar sites of the polymer. The ratios of each type of water are found to be dependent on the humidity conditions to which the sample Was exposed. At,higher humidities, there is an increase in the fraction of free and weakly bound water molecules. These findings are used to explain the humidity dependence of the deprotection reaction rates, since certain types of water may slow transport of reactive species within the polymer network. (c) 2005. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP McDonough, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1116/1.1861034 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600003 ER PT J AU Farrell, HH LaViolette, RA AF Farrell, HH LaViolette, RA TI Anion variations at semiconductor interfaces: ZnSe(100)/GaAs(100) superlattices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SURFACE STOICHIOMETRY; ZNSE/GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURES; ZNSE HETEROEPITAXY; ELECTRON-GAS; GAAS; DENSITY; GROWTH; ENERGY; MOLECULES; GAAS(001) AB We extended our .study of heterovalent interfaces between ZnSe(100) and GaAs(100) in superlattices using first-principles, density-functional theory calculations. Here, we concentrate On the changes in interfacial binding energy that occur when the stoichiometry is varied in the anion layer adjacent to the interface. This follows earlier work where the cation stoichiometry was varied. We studied three general categories of simple heterojunctions: those with only As-Zn bonding, those with only Se-Ga bonding, and those with mixed As-Zn and, Se-Ga bonding. We also considered more complex interface configurations. Several - different variations in interfacial stoichiometry that are conceptually based on the heteroepitaxial growth of ZnSe(100) on the GaAs(100)(2 X 4),beta 2 surface structure were studied. In addition, the effects induced by the presence of vacancies -in the vicinity of the surface were investigated. These more complex interfaces are discussed in terms of ' published experimental results. Finally, the possibility that the energy of the interface can be described in terms of the energy of the bonds that span that interface was also examined. We find that, for all of the 14 interfaces studied, the interface energy can be expressed as a simple sum of the per-bond-pair energies with an average error of less than 3%. Therefore, in these systems, the energies, of the interfacial bonds are "additive" to a good approximation. (c) 2005. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM farrhh@inel.gov; yaq@inel.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 2 BP 406 EP 416 DI 10.1116/1.1861044 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 921TT UT WOS:000228788600012 ER PT J AU Crossley, BM Hietala, SK Shih, LM Lee, L Skowronski, EW Ardans, AA AF Crossley, BM Hietala, SK Shih, LM Lee, L Skowronski, EW Ardans, AA TI High-throughput real-time RT-PCR assay to detect the Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus during the California 2002-2003 outbreak SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE California; END; Exotic Newcastle Disease; high-throughput real-time PCR; RRT-PCR ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION PCR; RNA AB During the 2002-2003 Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) outbreak in Southern California, a high-throughput real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) system was developed to respond to the large diagnostic and surveillance sample workload. A 96-well RNA extraction method, using magnetic bead technology, combined with a 96-well RRT-PCR assay, allowed 1 technician to process and test more than 400 samples per day. A 3-technician team could complete testing on approximately 1,900 samples per day. The diagnostic sensitivity of the high-throughput RRT-PCR assay was 0.9967 (95% CI 0.9937-0.9997) based on 926 virus isolation confirmed positive samples. Diagnostic specificity using an initial 434 virus isolation confirmed negative samples was 100%. A diagnostic specificity of 0.9999 (95% CI 0.9999, > 0.9999) was subsequently calculated on the basis of 2 false-positive results among 65,343 surveillance samples collected after the final END-positive case was confirmed in May 2003. Assay performance over 500 replicates, including reproducibility of the combined extraction and RRT-PCR amplification steps yielded a standard deviation of 0.70 RRT-PCR cycle thresholds (Ct) and a standard deviation of 0.59 Ct for the RRT-PCR steps alone. The high-throughput RRT-PCR developed for END contributed significantly to the 2002-2003 END control effort, reducing the predicted timeline for eradication from 3 years to just 11 months, primarily because of the large number of samples that could be rapidly tested. The 96-well approach described for high-throughput END RRT-PCR could be adapted to other rapid, high-volume testing needs, as required for potential foreign animal disease responses or intensive surveillance efforts. C1 California Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Crossley, BM (reprint author), California Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 912CS UT WOS:000228055300005 PM 15825492 ER PT J AU Laird, CD Biegler, LT Waanders, BGV Bartlett, RA AF Laird, CD Biegler, LT Waanders, BGV Bartlett, RA TI Contamination source determination for water networks SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; QUALITY AB We formulate and solve an estimation problem for identifying both the time and location of contamination sources in municipal water networks using concentration measurements from a sparse sensor grid. Previous work showed that the direct sequential approach was insufficient to solve the time-dependent problem. Instead, a direct simultaneous approach is used, converging the network model and optimization problems simultaneously. An origin tracking algorithm is presented to reformulate the pipe expressions and characterize the time delays associated with network pipes. This algorithm removes the need to discretize along the length of the pipes and is efficient for large networks with many source and output nodes. The solution of the resulting nonlinear program provides the complete time-dependent injection profiles, identifying both the time and location of potential contamination sources. The effectiveness of this formulation is demonstrated on a network model for a real municipal water network. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Laird, CD (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM Ib01@andrew.cmu.edu NR 18 TC 68 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:2(125) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 898VH UT WOS:000227103800007 ER PT J AU Morton, SA Keffer, DJ Counce, RM DePaoli, DW AF Morton, SA Keffer, DJ Counce, RM DePaoli, DW TI Behavior of oil droplets on an electrified solid metal surface immersed in ionic surfactant solutions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-ANGLE; ORGANIC DROPLETS; CHARGE; INTERFACE; DETACHMENT; PREDICTION; TENSION; FIELDS; MODEL AB The present study investigates the change in the shape of oil droplets immersed in an ionic surfactant solution when the droplets are in contact with metal surfaces to which an electrical potential is applied. The three-phase system of aqueous solution-oil-steel was subjected to low-voltage electric potentials, which resulted in sometimes dramatic changes in droplet shape and wetting. This electric potential was applied to the conductive steel surface directly, and the counter electrode was immersed in the solution. Changes in both the shape and wetting extent of hexadecane and phenylmethyl polysiloxane were observed for voltages between +/-3.0 V in both sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide solutions. The droplets' behavior was opposite to what would be expected for traditional electrowetting. In one instance, hexadecane droplets in sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions with a voltage of -3.0 V, a rapid and repeating droplet elongation and detachment was observed. Additionally, the impact of the observed phenomena on electrowetting enhanced ultrasonication is presented to demonstrate the potential improvements in industrial ultrasonic cleaning processes. The observations lead to the possibility of employing simple electrowetting techniques in the removal of oil from metal surfaces in a manner that could greatly improve the environmental and economic performance of aqueous cleaning techniques. C1 Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Seperat & Mat Proc Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morton, SA (reprint author), Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem Engn, Easton, PA 18042 USA. RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014 OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1758 EP 1765 DI 10.1021/la0480235 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 900CR UT WOS:000227193500020 PM 15723470 ER PT J AU Castelino, K Kannan, B Majumdar, A AF Castelino, K Kannan, B Majumdar, A TI Characterization of grafting density and binding efficiency of DNA and proteins on gold surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; MONOLAYER FILMS; HYBRIDIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; FORCES; LENGTH; ARRAY AB The surface grafting density of biomolecules is an important factor for quantitative assays using a wide range of biological sensors. We use a fluorescent measurement technique to characterize the immobilization density of thiolated probe DNA on gold and hybridization efficiency of target DNA as a function of oligonucleotide length and salt concentration. The results indicate the dominance of osmotic and hydration forces in different regimes of salt concentration, which was used to validate previous simulations and to optimize the performance of surface-stress based microcantilever biosensors. The difference in hybridization density between complementary and mismatched target sequences was also measured to understand the response of these sensors in base-pair mismatch detection experiments. Finally, two different techniques for immobilizing proteins on gold were considered and the surface densities obtained in both cases were compared. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu NR 22 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1956 EP 1961 DI 10.1021/la047943k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 900CR UT WOS:000227193500045 PM 15723495 ER PT J AU Dunn, J Filevich, J Smith, RF Moon, SJ Rocca, JJ Keenan, R Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN Hunter, JR Ng, A Marconi, MC AF Dunn, J Filevich, J Smith, RF Moon, SJ Rocca, JJ Keenan, R Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN Hunter, JR Ng, A Marconi, MC TI Picosecond 14.7 nm interferometry of high intensity laser-produced plasmas SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE interferometer; laser-produced plasmas; X-ray laser; X-ray optics ID X-RAY LASER; TABLETOP AB We have developed a compact, 14.7 nm, sub-5 ps X-ray laser source at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) together with a Mach-Zehnder type diffraction grating interferometer built at Colorado State University for probing dense, high intensity laser-produced plasmas. The short wavelength and pulse length of the probe reduces refraction, absorption effects within the plasma and minimizes plasma motion blurring. This unique diagnostic capability gives precise two-dimensional (2D) density profile snapshots and is generating new data for rapidly evolving laser-heated plasmas. A review of the results from dense, mm-scale line focus plasma experiments will be described with detailed comparisons to hydrodynamic simulations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-251,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dunn6@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050044 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935PN UT WOS:000229794300004 ER PT J AU Fincke, JR Lanier, NE Batha, SH Hueckstaedt, RM Magelssen, GR Rothman, SD Parker, KW Horsfield, C AF Fincke, JR Lanier, NE Batha, SH Hueckstaedt, RM Magelssen, GR Rothman, SD Parker, KW Horsfield, C TI Effect of convergence on growth of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE ICF; implosion; instability; Richtmyer-Meshkov ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; DRIVEN; SYSTEM; FLUIDS; LASER AB Strongly shocked cylindrically convergent implosions were conducted on the OMEGA laser. The directly driven targets consist of a low-density foam core and an embedded aluminum shell covered by an epoxy ablator. The outer surface of the aluminum shell has imposed single-mode perturbations with wave numbers k = 0.25, 0.7, 1.05, and 2.5 (rad/,mu m) and initial amplitudes eta(0)/lambda = 0.04, 0.11, 0.33, and 0.4. In our convergent geometry, perturbation growth without evidence of saturation, for eta/lambda as large as 4.5 is observed for k < 1. For k > I growth rate scaling with wavenumber breaks down and transition to turbulence is suggested. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fincke, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jfincke@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050068 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935PN UT WOS:000229794300006 ER PT J AU Kline, JL Montgomery, DS AF Kline, JL Montgomery, DS TI Kinetic and fluid Langmuir wave nonlinearities driven by stimulated Raman scattering in a diffraction limited single-hot-spot SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE Langmuir wave nonlinearities; laser plasma instabilities; single hot spot; stimulated Raman scattering ID DECAY INSTABILITY; PLASMA AB A diffraction limited focal spot is used to create a single speckle in a preformed plasma. The single speckle, or hot spot, is the simplest irreducible element for studying laser plasma interactions. Using the single hot spot configuration, the nonlinear behavior of SRS driven Langmuir waves has been investigated in both a fluid dominated and a kinetic regime. A transition between the two regimes has been observed as a function of k lambda(D) where k is the Langmuir wave-number and lambda(D) is the Debye length. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkline@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1017/S026303460505007X PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935PN UT WOS:000229794300007 ER PT J AU Roth, M Brambrink, E Audebert, P Blazevic, A Clarke, R Cobble, J Cowan, TE Fernandez, J Fuchs, J Geissel, M Habs, D Hegelich, M Karsch, S Ledingham, K Neely, D Ruhl, H Schlegel, T Schreiber, J AF Roth, M Brambrink, E Audebert, P Blazevic, A Clarke, R Cobble, J Cowan, TE Fernandez, J Fuchs, J Geissel, M Habs, D Hegelich, M Karsch, S Ledingham, K Neely, D Ruhl, H Schlegel, T Schreiber, J TI Laser accelerated ions and electron transport in ultra-intense laser matter interaction SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE electron transport; fast particle generation; high-intensity laser matter interaction; laser acceleration ID PLASMA INTERACTIONS; HOT-ELECTRONS; PROTON-BEAMS; GENERATION; IGNITION; SOLIDS AB Since their discovery, laser accelerated ion beams have been the subject of great interest. The ion beam peak power and beam emittance is unmatched by any conventionally accelerated ion beam. Due to the unique quality, a wealth of applications has been proposed, and the first experiments confirmed their prospects. Laser ion acceleration is strongly linked to the generation and transport of hot electrons by the interaction of ultra-intense laser light with matter. Comparing ion acceleration experiments at laser systems with different beam parameters and using targets of varying thickness, material and temperature, some insight on the underlying physics can be obtained. The paper will present experimental results obtained at different laser systems, first beam quality measurement on laser accelerated heavy ions, and ion beam source size measurements at different laser parameters. Using structured targets, we compare information obtained from micro patterned ion beams about the accelerating electron sheath, and the influence of magnetic fields on the electron transport inside conducting targets. C1 Univ Technol Darmstadt, GSI Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Lab Utilisat Lasers Intense, Paris, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Univ Technol Darmstadt, GSI Darmstadt, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM markus.roth@physik.tu-darmstadt.de RI Fernandez, Juan/H-3268-2011; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Fernandez, Juan/0000-0002-1438-1815; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 EI 1469-803X J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1017/s0263034605050160 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935PN UT WOS:000229794300016 ER PT J AU Clark, DS Fisch, NJ AF Clark, DS Fisch, NJ TI Raman laser amplification in preformed and ionizing plasmas SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE Langmuir wave-breaking; laser ionization; laser-plasma interaction; Raman laser amplification; Raman scattering ID OSCILLATIONS; IONIZATION; AMPLIFIER; REGIME; PULSES AB The recently proposed backward Raman laser amplification scheme utilizes the stimulated Raman backscattering in plasma of a long pumping laser pulse to amplify a short, and frequency downshifted seed pulse. The output intensity for this scheme is limited by the development of forward Raman scattering (FRS) or modulational instabilities of the highly amplified seed. Theoretically, focused output intensities as high as loll W/cm(2), and pulse lengths of less than 100 fs, could be accessible by this technique for I mu m lasers-an improvement of 10(4)-10(5) in focused intensity over current techniques. Simulations with the particle-in-cell (PIC) code Zohar are presented, which investigate the effects of FRS and modulational instabilities, and of Langmuir wave breaking on the output intensity for Raman amplification. Using the intense seed pulse to photoionize the plasma simultaneous with its amplification (and hence avoid plasmas-based instabilities of the pump) is also investigated by PIC simulations. It is shown that both approaches can access focused intensities in the 10(25) W/cm(2) range. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-312, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Clark90@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1017/S0263034605050172 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935PN UT WOS:000229794300017 ER PT J AU Tseng, SH Taflove, A Maitland, D Backman, V Walsh, JT AF Tseng, SH Taflove, A Maitland, D Backman, V Walsh, JT TI A rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations for the problem of tissue optics SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Laser-Medicine-and-Surgery CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2005 CL Buena Vista, FL SP Amer Soc Laser Med & Surg C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RI Backman, Vadim/B-6689-2009; Taflove, Allen/B-7275-2009; Walsh, Joseph/B-7636-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 SU 17 MA 6 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 912GQ UT WOS:000228066000007 ER PT J AU Liu, XM Maly, K Nelson, ML Zubair, M AF Liu, XM Maly, K Nelson, ML Zubair, M TI Lessons learned with arc, an OAI-PMH service provider SO LIBRARY TRENDS LA English DT Article AB Web-based digital libraries have historically been built in isolation utilizing different technologies, protocols, and metadata. These differences hindered the development of digital library services that enable users to discover information from multiple libraries through a single unified interface. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is a major, international effort to address technical interoperability among distributed repositories. Arc debuted in 2000 as the first end-user OAT-PMH service provider. Since that time, Arc has grown to include nearly 7,000,000 metadata records. Arc has been deployed in a number of environments and has served as the basis for many other OAI-PMH projects, including Archon, Kepler, NCSTRL, and DP9. In this article we review the history of OAI-PMH and Arc, as well as some of the lessons learned while developing Arc and related OAI-PMH services. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Liu, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Nelson, Michael/0000-0003-3749-8116 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GSLIS PUBLICATIONS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 501 E DANIEL ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-6211 USA SN 0024-2594 J9 LIBR TRENDS JI Libr. Trends PD SPR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 590 EP 603 PG 14 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 935FB UT WOS:000229763900007 ER PT J AU Payn, RA Webster, JR Mulholland, PJ Valett, HM Dodds, WK AF Payn, RA Webster, JR Mulholland, PJ Valett, HM Dodds, WK TI Estimation of stream nutrient uptake from nutrient addition experiments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID UPTAKE LENGTH; PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; WOODLAND STREAM; NITROGEN-CYCLE; FOREST STREAM; DYNAMICS AB Nutrient uptake in streams is often quantified by determining nutrient uptake length. However, current methods for measuring nutrient uptake length are often impractical, expensive, or demonstrably incorrect. We have developed a new method to estimate ambient nutrient uptake lengths using field experiments involving several levels of nutrient addition. Data analysis involves plotting nutrient addition uptake lengths versus added concentration and extrapolating to the negative ambient concentration. This method is relatively easy, inexpensive, and based on sound theoretical development. It is more accurate than the commonly used method involving a single nutrient addition. The utility of the method is supported by field studies directly comparing our new method with isotopic tracer methods for determining uptake lengths of phosphorus, ammonium, and nitrate. Our method also provides parameters for comparing potential nutrient limitation among streams. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Webster, JR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; OI Webster, Jackson/0000-0002-2649-0867 NR 33 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 905HP UT WOS:000227559500004 ER PT J AU Eremenko, VV Feodosyev, SB Gospodarev, IA Sirenko, VA Shvedun, MY McCallum, W Tovar, M AF Eremenko, VV Feodosyev, SB Gospodarev, IA Sirenko, VA Shvedun, MY McCallum, W Tovar, M TI Negative thermal expansion of HTSC-type structures: low temperature structure measurements on Eu1+x(Ba1-yRy)(2-x)Cu3O7-d compounds and theoretical treatment SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The temperature dependences of the lattice parameters are investigated on the perovskite-like Structures Eu1+x(Ba1-yRy)(2-x)Cu3O7-d with Ba substitution by light rare earth. using x-ray diffraction techniques. A negative thermal expansion effect is observed and explained ill detail. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, Berlin, Germany. RP Eremenko, VV (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, 47 Lenin Ave, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM eremenko@ilt.kharkov.ua NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-777X J9 LOW TEMP PHYS+ JI Low Temp. Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1063/1.1884428 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 923QE UT WOS:000228923600008 ER PT J AU Li, X Huang, W Yankeelov, TE Tudorica, A Rooney, WD Springer, CS AF Li, X Huang, W Yankeelov, TE Tudorica, A Rooney, WD Springer, CS TI Shutter-speed analysis of contrast reagent bolus-tracking data: Preliminary observations in benign and malignant breast disease SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSCYTOLEMMAL WATER-EXCHANGE; ARTERIAL INPUT FUNCTION; IN-VIVO; MRI; TUMORS; KINETICS; BRAIN; MODEL AB The standard pharmacokinetic model applied to contrast reagent (CR) bolus-tracking (B-T) MRI (dynamic-contrast-enhanced) data makes the intrinsic assumption that equilibrium transcytolemmal water molecule exchange is effectively infinitely fast. Theory and simulation have suggested that this assumption can lead to significant errors. Recent analyses of animal model experimental data have confirmed two predicted signature inadequacies: a specific temporal mismatch with the B-T time-course and a CR dose-dependent underestimation of model parameters. The most parsimonious adjustment to account for this aspect leads to the "shutter-speed" pharmacokinetic model. Application of the latter to the animal model data mostly eliminates the two signature inadequacies. Here, the standard and shutter-speed models are applied to B-T data obtained from routine human breast examinations. The signature standard model temporal mismatch is found for each of the three invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cases and for each of the three fibroadenoma (FA) cases studied. It is effectively eliminated by use of the shutter-speed model. The size of the mismatch is considerably greater for the IDC lesions than for the FA lesions, causing the shutter-speed model to exhibit improved discrimination of malignant IDC tumors from the benign FA lesions compared with the standard model. Furthermore, the shutter-speed model clearly reveals focal "hot spots" of elevated CR perfusion/permeation present in only the malignant tumors. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Imaging Sci, Nashville, TN USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Springer, CS (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,Mail Code L452, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM springer@ohsu.edu OI Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB 00422]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS 40801] NR 21 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3 BP 724 EP 729 DI 10.1002/mrm.20405 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 900PM UT WOS:000227226800029 PM 15723402 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Futrell, JH AF Laskin, J Futrell, JH TI Activation of large ions in FT-ICR mass spectrometry SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE FT/ICR mass spectrometry; SORI-CID; multiplecollision activation; surface-induced dissociation; infrared multiphoton dissociation; large ions ID SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; OFF-RESONANCE IRRADIATION; MULTI-PHOTON DISSOCIATION; ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER SURFACES; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION; CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION AB The advent of soft ionization techniques, notably electrospray and laser desorption ionization methods, has enabled the extension of mass spectrometric methods to large molecules and molecular complexes. This both greatly extends the applications of mass spectrometry and makes the activation and dissociation of complex ions an integral part of these applications. This review emphasizes the most promising methods for activation and dissociation of complex ions and presents this discussion in the context of general knowledge of reaction kinetics and dynamics largely established for small ions. We then introduce the characteristic differences associated with the higher number of internal degrees of freedom and high density of states associated with molecular complexity. This is reflected primarily in the kinetics of unimolecular dissociation of complex ions, particularly their slow decay and the higher energy content required to induce decomposition-the kinetic shift (KS). The longer trapping time of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) significantly reduces the KS, which presents several advantages over other methods for the investigation of dissociation of complex molecules. After discussing general principles of reaction dynamics related to collisional activation of ions, we describe conventional ways to achieve single- and multiple-collision activation in FT-ICR MS. Sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI)-the simplest and most robust means of introducing the multiple collision activation process-is discussed in greatest detail. Details of implementation of this technique, required control of experimental parameters, limitations, and examples of very successful application of SORI-CID are described. The advantages of high mass resolving power and the ability to carry out several stages of mass selection and activation intrinsic to FT-ICR MS are demonstrated in several examples. Photodissociation of ions from small molecules can be effected using IR or UV/vis lasers and generally requires tuning lasers to specific wavelengths and/or utilizing high flux, multiphoton excitation to match energy levels in the ion. Photodissociation of complex ions is much easier to accomplish from the basic physics perspective. The quasi-continuum of vibrational states at room temperature makes it very easy to pump relatively large amounts of energy into complex ions and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) is a powerful technique for characterizing large ions, particularly biologically relevant molecules. Since both SORI-CID and IRMPD are slow activation methods they have many common characteristics. They are also distinctly different because SORI-CID is intrinsically selective (only ions that have a cyclotron frequency close to the frequency of the excitation field are excited), whereas IRMPD is not (all ions that reside on the optical path of the laser are excited). There are advantages and disadvantages to each technique and in many applications they complement each other. In contrast with these slow activation methods, the less widely appreciated activation method of surface induced dissociation (SID) appears to offer unique advantages because excitation in SID occurs on a sub-picosecond time scale, instantaneously relative to the observation time of any mass spectrometer. Internal energy deposition is quite efficient and readily adjusted by altering the kinetic energy of the impacting ion. The shattering transition-instantaneous decomposition of the ion on the surface-observed at high collision energies enables access to dissociation channels that are not accessible using SORI-CID or IRMPD. Finally, we discuss some approaches for tailoring the surface to achieve particular aims in SID. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999 K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 170 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 5 U2 48 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 135 EP 167 DI 10.1002/mas.20012 PG 33 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 898DT UT WOS:000227057100003 PM 15389858 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, B Smith, RD AF Bogdanov, B Smith, RD TI Proteomics by FTICR mass spectrometry: Top down and bottom up SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE FTICR; peptides; proteins; fragmentation; chromatography ID ION-CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; NONCOVALENT PROTEIN COMPLEXES; DYNAMIC-RANGE EXPANSION; AUTOMATED GAIN-CONTROL; FT-ICR MS AB This review provides a broad overview of recent Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) applications and technological developments relevant to the field of proteomics. Both the "bottom up" (peptide level) and "top down" (intact protein level) approaches are discussed and illustrated with examples. "Bottom up" topics include peptide fragmentation, the accurate mass and time (AMT) tag approach and dynamic range extension technology, aspects of quantitative proteomics measurements, post-translational modifications, and developments in FTICR operation software focused on peptide and protein identification. Topics related to the "top down " approach include various aspects of high mass measurements, protein tandem mass spectrometry, methods for the study of protein conformations, and protein complexes as well as advanced technologies that may become of practical utility in the coming years. Finally, early examples of the integration of both FTICR approaches to biomedical proteomics applications are presented, along with an outlook for future directions. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 18522] NR 134 TC 278 Z9 293 U1 10 U2 115 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 168 EP 200 DI 10.1002/mas.20015 PG 33 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 898DT UT WOS:000227057100004 PM 15389855 ER PT J AU Brown, SC Kruppa, G Dasseux, JL AF Brown, SC Kruppa, G Dasseux, JL TI Metabolomics applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE FTMS; FT-ICR; ESI; ApCI; metabolomics; metabolic profiling; systems biology; metabolic control analysis ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; ACCUMULATION; IDENTIFICATION; METABONOMICS; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; DISEASE AB Metabolomics, also known as Metabolic Profiling, is an emerging discipline under the umbrella concept of systems biology The goal of metabolomics is to know and understand the concentrations and fluxes of endogenous metabolites within a living biological system under study. General tools are being developed for the rapid measurement of many metabolites in a single experiment, most of which are mass spectrometric methods. FT-ICR has unique advantages, as a mass spectrometric method, in this regard. Applications of FT-ICR to metabolomics analyses will be discussed and reviewed in the context of the single publication currently available.(C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Esper Therapeut Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Brown, SC (reprint author), Esper Therapeut Inc, 3621 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM sbrown@esperion.com NR 36 TC 156 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 42 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1002/mas.20011 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 898DT UT WOS:000227057100006 PM 15389859 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, J AF Wadsworth, J TI A new method for dating ancient steel samples using vickers microhardness - Jose Manuel Jimenez, Esther Bravo, Antonio Javier Criado, Raquel Arevalo, Christian Dietz, Juan Antonio Martinez, and Antonio Jose Criado [Materials Characterization vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 145-151, May 2004]. SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 3 BP 274 EP 275 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 908ZR UT WOS:000227829200015 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ AF Lee, YJ TI Low-impurity, highly conformal atomic layer deposition of titanium nitride using NH3-Ar-H-2 plasma treatment for capacitor electrodes SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE thin films; deposition; plasma; atomic layer growth; titanium nitride; electrode ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; TIN FILMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; TANTALUM OXIDE; PRECURSORS; AMMONIA; SILICON; TA2O5; NH3 AB The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of titanium nitride (TiN) films using tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium and ammonia (NH3) with and without NH3-Ar-H-2 plasma posttreatment was evaluated. Based on the saturation mechanism, the growth rate with and without plasma treatment was saturated at 0.24 and 0.46 nm/cycle, respectively. Plasma-treated TiN films had nanocrystalline structures, and the root-meansquare thickness was 0.211 nm. Carbon impurities decreased from 12% without plasma treatment to 3% with plasma treatment. ALD TiN films formed using plasma posttreatment retained perfect step coverage on trenches with aspect ratios from 8 to 20. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yjlee2@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 6 BP 615 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2004.09.030 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 894OW UT WOS:000226802500002 ER PT J AU Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Sherby, OD AF Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Sherby, OD TI Microstructure in adiabatic shear bands in a pearlitic ultrahigh carbon steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adiabatic shear bands; ultrahigh carbon steel; pearlitic steel; nanocarbides; divorced eutectoid transformation (DET) ID FE-C ALLOYS; HIGH-STRAIN-RATE; DIVORCED EUTECTOID TRANSFORMATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; BALL DROP TEST; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCRYSTALLINE FERRITE; CEMENTITE LAMELLAE; NANO SUBSTRUCTURE AB Adiabatic shear bands, obtained in compression deformation at a strain rate of 4000 s(-1), in a pearlitic 1.3%C steel, were investigated. Shear bands initiated at 55% compression deformation with the width of the band equal to 14 mu m. Nano-indentor hardness of the shear band was 11.5 GPa in contrast to the initial matrix hardness of 3.5 GPa. The high strength of the shear band is attributed to its creation from two sequential events. First, large strain deformation, at a high strain rate, accompanied by adiabatic heating, led to phase transformation to austenite. Second, retransformation upon rapid cooling occurred by a divorced eutectoid transformation (DIET). The result is a predicted microstructure consisting of nano size carbide particles within a matrix of fine ferrite grains. It is proposed that the DET occurs in iron-carbon steels during high rate C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Syn, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM syn1@llnl.gov NR 70 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1179/174328405X18728 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 929US UT WOS:000229372700008 ER PT J AU Tanigawa, H Sakasegawa, H Klueh, RL AF Tanigawa, H Sakasegawa, H Klueh, RL TI Irradiation effects on precipitation in reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels; neutron irradiated; precipitate; extraction residue; X-ray diffraction analysis; chemical analysis; inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; F82H; HFIR AB It was previously reported that reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFs), such as F82H-IEA and its heat treatment variant, ORNL9Cr-2WVTa, JLF-1 and 2%Ni-doped F82H, show a variety of changes in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and yield stress after irradiation at 573 K up to 5 dpa. These differences could not be interpreted as an effect of irradiation hardening caused by dislocation loop formation. In this paper, the effects of irradiation on precipitation of RAFs were investigated to determine how these effects might affect the mechanical properties. The precipitation behavior of the irradiated steels was examined by weight analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and chemical analysis on extraction residues. These analyses suggested that irradiation caused (1) an increase of the amount of precipitates (mainly M23C6), (2) an increase of Cr and decrease of W contained in precipitates, and (3) the disappearance of MX (TaC) in ORNL9Cr and JLF-1. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Fus Engn Res, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Syst Engn Technol Div, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tanigawa, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Fus Engn Res, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM tanigawa@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.2320/matertrans.46.469 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WN UT WOS:000228796300013 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Snead, LL Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Kohyama, A Igawa, N Taguchi, T AF Katoh, Y Snead, LL Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Kohyama, A Igawa, N Taguchi, T TI Mechanical properties of chemically vapor-infiltrated silicon carbide structural composites with thin carbon interphases for fusion and advanced fission applications SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ceramic matrix composite (CMC); SiC/SiC composite; chemical vapor infiltration; interphase effect; mechanical property; fast fracture strength ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES; HYSTERESIS MEASUREMENTS; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; BLANKET CONCEPT; FIBER; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; IRRADIATION; INTERFACE AB Fast fracture properties of chemically vapor-infiltrated silicon carbide matrix composites with Hi-Nicalon (TM) Type-S near-stoichiometric silicon carbide fiber reinforcements and thin pyrolytic carbon interphase were studied. The primary emphasis was on preliminary assessment of the applicability of a very thin pyrolytic carbon interphase between fibers and matrices of silicon carbide composites for use in nuclear environments. It appears that the mechanical properties of the present composite system are not subject to strong interphase thickness effects, in contrast to those in conventional non-stoichiometric silicon carbide-based fiber composites. The interphase thickness effects are discussed from the viewpoints of residual thermal stress, fiber damage, and interfacial friction. A preliminary conclusion is that a thin pyrolytic carbon interphase is beneficial for fast fracture properties of stoichiometric silicon carbide composites. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.2320/matertrans.46.527 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WN UT WOS:000228796300023 ER PT J AU Nozawa, T Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Nozawa, T Katoh, Y Kohyama, A TI Evaluation of tensile properties of SiC/SiC composites with miniaturized specimens SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE ceramic matrix composites; small specimen test technique; size effect; tensile testing ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SHEAR PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; STATISTICS; FAILURE; SILICON AB Mechanical testing after neutron irradiation is a critical research tool for evaluating materials for fusion systems, such as silicon carbide fiber silicon carbide matrix (SiC/SiC) composites. However, single-axis tensile testing, which is required to build a fundamental database, requires large specimens. Therefore miniaturization of tensile test specimens has long been pursued as a method to reduce the irradiation volume to fit the capsule size limitation. The objective of this study is to identify specimen size effects on tensile properties of SiC/SiC composites from the viewpoints of the influences of fabric architecture and tensile loading axis, with a final goal to establish a small specimen test technique for tensile testing of the composites. The axial fiber volume fraction plays an important role in achieving good tensile properties. However the size dependent change of the axial fiber volume fraction gives specimen size effect. The composites with much fiber volume content tended to have superior tensile strength, elastic modulus and proportional limit stress. Contrarily, the tensile properties of the composites with the same axial fiber volume fraction were almost independent of the specimen size. This type of size effect is generally common in any types of architecture. The size-relevant fracture mode in off-axis tension: detachment in shorter widths vs. in-plane shear at larger widths, also gives specimen size effect on tensile properties, resulting in strict limitation of miniaturization of the tensile specimen. Finally we proposed a miniature tensile specimen for the composites. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nozawa, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 543 EP 551 DI 10.2320/matertrans.46.543 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 921WN UT WOS:000228796300025 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Ritchie, RO Kruzic, JJ Tortorelli, PF AF Schneibel, JH Ritchie, RO Kruzic, JJ Tortorelli, PF TI Optimizaton of Mo-Si-B intermetallic alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beyond Nickel-Base Superalloys CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP SMD Corros & Enviornm Effects Comm, SMD High Temp Alloys Comm, SMD Mech Behav Mat Comm, SMD Refractory Met Comm ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MO-12SI-8.5B AT.PERCENT; STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS; MOLYBDENUM SILICIDES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; BORON; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSITION AB Mo-Si-B intermetallics consisting of the phases MO3Si and Mo5SiB2, and a molybdenum solid solution ("alpha-Mo"), have melting points on the order of 2000 degreesC. These alloys have potential as oxidation-resistant ultra-high-temperature structural materials. They can be designed with microstructures containing either individual alpha-Mo particles or a continuous alpha-Mo phase. A compilation of existing data shows that an increase in the volume fraction of the alpha-Mo phase increases the room-temperature fracture toughness at the expense of the oxidation resistance and the creep strength. If the a-Mo phase could be further ductilized, less alpha-Mo would be needed to achieve an adequate value of the fracture toughness, and the oxidation resistance would be improved. It is shown that microalloying of MoSi-B intermetallics with Zr and the addition of MgAl2O4 spinel particles to Mo both hold promise in this regard. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 32 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 17 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0166-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901GY UT WOS:000227272200007 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Kramer, MJ Thom, AJ Akinc, M AF Liu, Y Kramer, MJ Thom, AJ Akinc, M TI Oxidation behavior of multiphase Nb-Mo-Si-B intermetallics SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beyond Nickel-Base Superalloys CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP SMD Corros & Enviornm Effects Comm, SMD High Temp Alloys Comm, SMD Mech Behav Mat Comm, SMD Refractory Met Comm ID MO5SI3 AB The mixed substitution of Nb and Mo in the ternary systems Mo-Si-B and Nb-Si-B was studied with the goal of balancing oxidation resistance with mechanical behavior. The microstructure and oxidation behavior of six compositions in the Nb-Mo-Si-B system were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and thermogravimetric analysis. Proper selection of the total metal content and the Nb/Mo ratio results in the co-existence of a T1 phase, as (Nb, MO)(5)Si3Bx, and a solid solution (Nb,Mo) metal phase. At 800 degreesC, all compositions exhibited catastrophic oxidation, while changing to a quasi-steady-state mass gain at 1200 degreesC. The high rate constants at 1200 degreesC indicate that the scales formed were not passivating. A complex scale consisting of four layers formed that was about 350-to 450-mum thick after oxidation for 50 hours at 1200 degreesC. Borosilicate glass did form within the scale, but the significant prevalence of Nb2O5 within the glass, and the resulting inability of the glass to seal pores formed by the evaporation Of MoO3, contributed to the overall poor oxidation resistance compared to the ternary Mo-Si-B system. The Nb and Mo content of the alloy must be further studied and optimized before these alloys may be considered for further development for high-temperature applications. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM ajthom@ameslab.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0175-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901GY UT WOS:000227272200016 ER PT J AU Behrani, V Thom, AJ Kramer, MJ Akinc, M AF Behrani, V Thom, AJ Kramer, MJ Akinc, M TI Chlorination treatment to improve the oxidation resistance of Nb-Mo-Si-B alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Beyond Nickel-Base Superalloys CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP SMD Corros & Enviornm Effects Comm, SMD High Temp Alloys Comm, SMD Mech Behav Mat Comm, SMD Refractory Met Comm ID BEHAVIOR; MO5SI3; BORON AB Recent studies have shown that the quaternary Nb-Mo-Si-B system is not oxidation resistant. The difference in oxidation resistance between Mo-Si-B and Nb-Mo-Si-B may be interpreted in terms of the volatility of the metal oxide that forms. MoO3 evaporates from the surface scale at about 650 degreesC, leaving a porous borosilicate glassy scale. Nb2O5 persists as a rapidly growing condensed phase that overwhelms the ability of the borosilicate glass to form a protective layer. In the present work, a novel chlorination process was employed to selectively remove Nb2O5 from the scale of the quaternary alloy as volatile NbCl5. A Nb-Mo-Si-B alloy was studied with a nominal composition of 63(Nb,Mo)-30Si-7B (at. pet) with Nb/Mo = 1:1. The alloy consisted of a three-phase microstructure of (Nb,Mo)(5)Si3Bx (T1)-(Nb,Mo)(5)(Si,B)(3) (T2)-(Nb,Mo)(5)Si3Bx (D8(8)). The oxidation behavior of these alloys in air was studied both before and after chlorination. Results showed that Nb2O5 can be selectively removed from the scale to leave a borosilicate-rich scale, which then forms a dense scale after heat treatment at 1100 degreesC in argon. The oxidation rate of the chlorinated alloy was about one-third that of the unchlorinated alloy under identical conditions. Alloy oxidation during heating to the test temperature was studied, and a plausible mechanism for the formation of porosity in the oxide scale has been offered. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Behrani, V (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ajthom@ameslab.gov RI Behrani, Vikas/N-1844-2013 OI Behrani, Vikas/0000-0002-8160-4855 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3 BP 609 EP 615 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0176-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 901GY UT WOS:000227272200017 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Lillo, TM AF Totemeier, TC Lillo, TM TI Effect of orientation on the tensile and creep properties of coarse-grained INCONEL alloy MA754 SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED ALLOYS; MORPHOLOGY; MA-754; DEFORMATION; SUPERALLOYS; FATIGUE; STRESS AB Elevated temperature tensile and creep-rupture tests were performed on INCONEL MA754 in longitudinal and transverse orientations at temperatures from 700degreesC to 1000degreesC. The transverse orientation was weaker and less ductile than the longitudinal orientation due to a higher grain boundary density perpendicular to the applied stress axis. This effect was especially pronounced in creep tests at 900degreesC and 1000degreesC. Threshold creep behavior was observed for the longitudinal orientation, with stress exponents ranging from 29 to 40. Stress exponents in the long transverse orientation ranged from 24 at 800degreesC to 5 at 1000degreesC, indicating a temperature-varying deformation mechanism. Creep ductility in the transverse orientation was extremely low, less than 1 pct for higher temperature, lower stress conditions. Failure in all transverse specimens was controlled by grain boundary separation. Even in the relatively weak transverse direction, the strength of MA754 compares favorably with other alloys being considered for advanced power plant applications. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM totetc@inel.gov OI Lillo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3A BP 785 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0193-1 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 904XG UT WOS:000227531300010 ER PT J AU Singh, A Dahotre, NB AF Singh, A Dahotre, NB TI Phase evolution during laser in-situ carbide coating SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ABRASION WEAR-RESISTANCE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; STEEL; IRON; ALLOY; PARTICLES; ENERGY AB With the help of laser surface engineering, in-situ carbide composite coating on the surface of plain carbon steel was achieved. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in supplement with X-ray diffractometry indicated the evolution of TiC, Fe-Cr, and M7C3 as major phases in the coating. A variation in the evolution Of M7C3 phase was observed with respect to the laser power over the range of 900 to 2100 W (3 mm X 600 mum rectangular beam spot) during processing. Computational techniques were employed with the aim of studying possible reasons for phase evolution, stability of phases, solidification path, and optimization of parameters to stabilize the M7C3 phase and hence tailor properties. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Proc Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dahotre, NB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ndahotre@utk.edu NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3A BP 797 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0194-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 904XG UT WOS:000227531300011 ER PT J AU Yadavalli, KK Orlov, AO Snider, GL Elam, J AF Yadavalli, KK Orlov, AO Snider, GL Elam, J TI Aluminum oxide tunnel barriers for single electron memory devices SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE single electron memory; aluminum oxide; ALD; plasma oxidation ID JUNCTIONS AB We report measurements on single electron memory devices where the memory island, a floating gate, is charged through aluminum oxide tunnel barriers, fabricated through plasma oxidation of aluminum and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide. These devices are characterized at 300 mK and show a definite threshold for tunneling through the oxide barriers indicating a potential for nonvolatile memory. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM yadavalli.1@nd.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 EI 1879-2391 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.024 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000029 ER PT J AU Lozykowski, HJ Jadwisienczak, WM Bensaoula, A Monteiro, O AF Lozykowski, HJ Jadwisienczak, WM Bensaoula, A Monteiro, O TI Luminescence and excitation mechanism of pr, eu, tb and tm ions implanted into AlN SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE III-nitrides; doping; rare earth ions; optical spectroscopy ID GAN; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; ER AB We have studied the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Pr3+, Eu3+, Tb3+ and Tm3+ doped AlN thin film on sapphire at 300 K. PLE spectra obtained under UV excitation (below bandgap of AlN) in the spectral range 200-400 nm, reveal two or three bands. Possible assignments of observed exoitation bands are discussed. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Houston, Nitride Mat & Device Lab, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lozykowski, HJ (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM lozykowh@ohio.edu NR 10 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.045 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000077 ER PT J AU Sahiner, MA Downey, DF Novak, SW Woicik, JC Arena, DA AF Sahiner, MA Downey, DF Novak, SW Woicik, JC Arena, DA TI The local structural characterization of the inactive clusters in B, BF2 and BF3 implanted Si wafers using X-ray techniques SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE dopant deactivation; XAFS; dopant clustering in silicon ID ABSORPTION; SILICON; SB AB Characterization of the inactive clusters formed by high dose implantation silicon are one of the crucial topics in the semiconductor industry. Analytical techniques, which could provide quantitative information on the detailed description of the complexes that are formed at dopant concentrations above solid solubility levels, are valuable to post-implantation researchers. Previously, X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) studies of the As and Sb implanted Si wafers revealed not only that of the chemical nature of clusters, but also the arsenic case, the ratio of the precipitated versus the substitutional form of the As in the system [ 1,2]. In this study, we have used F K-edge and Ge K-edge (for the Ge pre-amorphized wafers) XAFS in order to probe the nature and of the clusters in B, BF2 and BF3 implanted Si wafers. Implants with various doses and implant energies were subjected to various annealing techniques such as laser annealing, spike annealing, solid state phase epitaxy, and flash annealing and the evolution of the spectral features of the clusters were followed upon annealing. The theoretical multiple scattering XAFS calculations were performed in order to correlate the spectral features in the XAFS data with the near-neighbor configuration around the main absorbing atom. The identification and the relative weight of the clusters after different annealing conditions will be presented in order to provide insight to the optimum annealing conditions in these systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07746 USA. Varian Semicond Equipment Associates, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. Evans E, E Windsor, NJ 08520 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sahiner, MA (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07746 USA. EM sahineme@shu.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.095 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000096 ER PT J AU Trivedi, R Bergeon, N Billia, B Echebarria, B Karma, A Liu, S Mangelinck, N Weiss, C AF Trivedi, Rohit Bergeon, Nathalie Billia, Bernard Echebarria, Blas Karma, Alain Liu, Shan Mangelinck, Nathalie Weiss, Cedric TI In Situ Characterization of Interface-Microstructure Dynamics in 3D-Directional Solidification of Model Transparent Alloys SO MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Microstructure plays a central role in determining properties of materials so that the fundamental understanding of the physics of microstructure selection is critical in the design of materials. Under terrestrial conditions fluid flow effects are dominant in bulk samples which preclude precise characterization of fundamental physics of microstructure selection. Experiments in thin samples, carried out to obtain diffusive growth, give microstructures that are neither 2D nor 3D. Rigorous theoretical models, using the phase-field method, have shown that the fundamental physics of pattern selection in 2D and 3D is significantly different. A benchmark experimental study is required in bulk samples under low gravity conditions. Also, the selection of microstructure occurs during the dynamical growth process so that in situ observations of spatio-temporal evolution of the interface shapes are required. Microgravity experiments on ISS are thus planned in a model transparent system by using a new Directional Solidification Insert (DSI), designed for use in the DECLIC facility of CNES and to be adapted to also fit ESA experiments. The critical aspects of hardware design, the key fundamental issues identified through 1g-experiments, the proposed experimental study on ISS, and the results of rigorous theoretical modeling are presented. C1 [Trivedi, Rohit; Liu, Shan] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Trivedi, Rohit; Liu, Shan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bergeon, Nathalie; Billia, Bernard; Mangelinck, Nathalie; Weiss, Cedric] Univ Aix Marseille 3, L2MP, F-13397 Marseille, France. [Echebarria, Blas; Karma, Alain] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Echebarria, Blas/K-5247-2014; Bergeon, Nathalie/D-5643-2012 OI Echebarria, Blas/0000-0003-0503-1781; FU NASA; CNES; ESA MAP CETSOL FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support received from NASA, CNES, and ESA MAP CETSOL. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-0108 J9 MICROGRAVITY SCI TEC JI Microgravity Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF02945963 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA V11GG UT WOS:000207519500028 ER PT J AU Hauswaldt, JS Glenn, TC AF Hauswaldt, JS Glenn, TC TI Population genetics of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estuary; microsatellites; population differentiation; population genetics; South Carolina; turtle ID MICROSATELLITE DATA; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; CRAB POTS; DNA; LOCI; DIFFERENTIATION; DISTANCES; VARIANCE AB We examined the population genetic structure of the diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin), within and among estuaries. Based on mark-recapture studies, these estuarine turtles have high site fidelity that is likely to make them vulnerable to local extinctions. We tested if observed site fidelity of adults would be reflected in intraestuarine population genetic structure of six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci (five tetranucleotide and one dinucleotide). No evidence was found for population structuring within the Charleston estuary nor among three different estuaries in South Carolina. We then examined four other terrapin populations from North Carolina to New York, as well as from the Florida Keys and from Texas. With increasing geographical distance, genetic differentiation increased from South Carolina through New York, but overall values were low. The dinucleotide locus contributed significantly more to the genetic differentiation of some population comparisons than any of the other loci. Interestingly, terrapins from South Carolina to New York were much more genetically similar to those from Texas (rho = 0.154) than to those from Florida (rho = 0.357). We attribute this pattern to extensive translocations of terrapins during the early 20th century to replenish diminished populations and to provide turtle farms with stocks. Terrapins collected in Texas were especially sought for shipment to the northeastern US because of their larger size. Our study indicates no population structure within or among adjacent estuaries. Thus, the mark-recapture information from adult and subadult feeding locations is a poor predictor of population genetic structure. Additionally, it appears that past human activities may have drastically altered the genetics of current populations. Finally, our data suggest that translocation of eggs or head starting of terrapins within estuaries or among adjacent estuaries is acceptable from a genetic standpoint. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hauswaldt, JS (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM hauswaldt@rz.uni-potsdam.de RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 55 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 723 EP 732 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02451.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 899GG UT WOS:000227132300005 PM 15723664 ER PT J AU Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K AF Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K TI Theoretical studies on the electronic structures of UO2(CO3)(2-)(2) and its metal salts: M2UO2(CO3)(2) (M = Li+ and Na+) SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; URANYL-ION; AB-INITIO; DENSITY; COORDINATION; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; ENERGIES AB Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out on the structure and bonding characteristics of UO2(CO3)(2)(2-) and M2UO2(CO3)(2) (M = Li+ and Na+) both in the gas phase and in solution using coupled cluster doubles (CCD), Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and density functional (DFT) theory. The calculated structure and vibrational spectra have been compared with the available experimental data. The nature of the bonding in these species is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kbala@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6-8 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.1080/00268970412331333492 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 918XQ UT WOS:000228583300020 ER PT J AU Sternberg, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Sternberg, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA TI C-2 adsorption on the (100)diamond surface: periodic and large cluster calculations SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; AB-INITIO; DICARBON; DENSITY; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; MODELS AB The adsorption of C-2 on the diamond (100) surface was studied using large clusters and periodic calculations at several levels of theory, including density functional based tight binding (DFTB), B3LYP and MP2. This reaction plays an important role in mechanisms of nanocrystalline diamond growth in hydrogen-poor plasmas. For C-2 adsorption on a single surface dimer, a C9H12 cluster was found to be sufficient to produce converged adsorption energies. Adsorption structures across two surface dimers are the most stable and require cluster sizes of at least C36H36 to take into account energy contributions due to substrate strain. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sternberg, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sternberg@anl.gov RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 6-8 BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.1080/00268970412331333014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 918XQ UT WOS:000228583300029 ER PT J AU Malfatti, MA Wu, RW Felton, JS AF Malfatti, MA Wu, RW Felton, JS TI The effect of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 expression on the mutagenicity and metabolism of the cooked-food carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in CHO cells SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Heterocyclic amines; LTDP-glucuronosyltransferase; CHO cells ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; GILBERTS-SYNDROME; ADDUCT FORMATION; WELL-DONE; HUMANS; DNA; GENE; UGT1A1-ASTERISK-28 AB UDP-glucuronosyltransferase proteins (UGT) catalyze the glucuronidation of both endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. In previous studies, UGT1A1 has been implicated in the detoxification of certain food-borne carcinogenic-heterocyclic amines. To determine the importance of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) in the biotransformation of the cooked-food carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), genetically modified CHO cells that are nucleotide excision repair-deficient, and express cytochrome P4501A2 (UV5P3 cell line) were transfected with a cDNA plasmid of human UGT1A1 to establish the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 expressing 5P3hUGT1A1 cell line. Expression of the UGT1A1 gene was verified by screening neo gene expressing clonal isolates (G-418 resistant) for their sensitivity to cell killing from PhIP exposure. Five of I I clones were chosen for further analysis due to their resistance to cell killing. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the presence of the UGT1A1 and CYP1A2 proteins. All five clones displayed a 52-kDa protein band, which corresponded to a UGT1A1 control protein. Only four of the clones had a protein band that corresponded to the CYP1A2 control protein. Correct fragment size of the cDNAs in the remaining four clones was confirmed by RT-PCR and quantification of the mRNA product was accomplished by real-time RT-PCR. Expression of UGT1A1 in the transfected cells was 10(4)-10(5)-fold higher relative to the UV5P3 parental cells. One clone (#14) had a 10-fold higher increase in expression at 1.47 x 105 over the other three clones. This clone was also the most active in converting N-hydroxy-PhIP to N-hydroxy-PhIP glucuronide conjugates in microsomal metabolism assays. Based on the D-50 values, the cytotoxic effect of PhIP was decreased similar to350-fold in the 5P3hUGT1A1 cells compared to the UV5P3 control cells. In addition, no significant increase in mutation frequency was observed in the transfected cells. These results clearly indicate that UGT1A1 plays a critical role in PhIP biotransformation, providing protection against PhIP-mediated cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Felton, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM felton1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 570 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.11.007 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 902TF UT WOS:000227378700006 PM 15708579 ER PT J AU Hoefelmeyer, JD Niesz, K Somorjai, GA Tilley, TD AF Hoefelmeyer, JD Niesz, K Somorjai, GA Tilley, TD TI Radial anisotropic growth of rhodium nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE CONTROL; TETRAPOD; ZNO; NANOWIRES; PLATINUM; SHAPE AB In this contribution, we report the synthesis of rhodium multipods that result from a homogeneous seeded growth mechanism. Small Rh nanocrystal seeds were synthesized by the reduction of RhCl3 in ethylene glycol in the presence of PVP. These seed particles could be subsequently used, without isolation, to form larger rhodium nanoparticles. A reaction temperature of 190 degrees C led to isotropic cubic Rh particles. Lowering the reaction temperature resulted in more anisotropic growth, which gave Rh cubes with horns at 140 degrees C, and Rh multipods at 90 degrees C. The anisotropic growth occurred in the (111) direction, as determined by high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). Anisotropic growth proceeds via a seeded growth mechanism, and not by oriented attachment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu; tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Hoefelmeyer, James/B-5278-2011; OI Hoefelmeyer, James/0000-0002-5955-8557 NR 27 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 5 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.1021/nl048100g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 905JF UT WOS:000227563700006 PM 15755090 ER PT J AU Hochbaum, AI Fan, R He, RR Yang, PD AF Hochbaum, AI Fan, R He, RR Yang, PD TI Controlled growth of Si nanowire arrays for device integration SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI/SIGE SUPERLATTICE NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FABRICATION; NANOSYSTEMS; TRANSPORT; NANOTUBE AB Silicon nanowires were synthesized, in a controlled manner, for their practical integration into devices. Gold colloids were used for nanowire synthesis by the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. Using SiCl4 as the precursor gas in a chemical vapor deposition system, nanowire arrays were grown vertically aligned with respect to the substrate. By manipulating the colloid deposition on the substrate, highly controlled growth of aligned silicon nanowires was achieved. Nanowire arrays were synthesized with narrow size distributions dictated by the seeding colloids and with average diameters down to 39 nm. The density of wire growth was successfully varied from similar to 0.1-1.8 wires/mu m(2). patterned deposition of the colloids led to confinement of the vertical nanowire growth to selected regions. In addition, Si nanowires were grown directly into microchannels to demonstrate the flexibility of the deposition technique. By controlling various aspects of nanowire growth, these methods will enable their efficient and economical incorporation into devices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Fan, Rong/B-1613-2014 NR 26 TC 457 Z9 463 U1 20 U2 206 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1021/nl047990x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 905JF UT WOS:000227563700010 PM 15755094 ER PT J AU Tang, J Redl, F Zhu, YM Siegrist, T Brus, LE Steigerwald, ML AF Tang, J Redl, F Zhu, YM Siegrist, T Brus, LE Steigerwald, ML TI An organometallic synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-STABILITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA; TRANSFORMATION; CRYSTALLINE; OXIDES; ROUTE; TRANSITION; TITANIA; BATIO3 AB We report the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles that uses the low-temperature reaction of low-valent organometallic precursors. Bis(cyclooctatetraene)titanium reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide in organic solution at temperatures as low as room temperature to produce TiO2. In the absence of any supporting ligand, the reaction gives precipitation of amorphous TiO2 powder; however, in the presence of basic ligands such as tributylphosphine, tributylphosphine oxide and trioctylphosphine oxide, the precipitation is arrested, and chemically distinct, isolated, internally crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles are formed. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Mat Res Sci & Engn Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr FUnct nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Steigerwald, ML (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM mls2064@columbia.edu NR 34 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 543 EP 548 DI 10.1021/nl047992h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 905JF UT WOS:000227563700027 PM 15755111 ER PT J AU Sasahara, A Droubay, TC Chambers, SA Uetsuka, H Onishi, H AF Sasahara, A Droubay, TC Chambers, SA Uetsuka, H Onishi, H TI Topography of anatase TiO2 film synthesized on LaAlO3(001) SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy CY SEP 12-15, 2004 CL Seattle, WA ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; THIN-FILM; SURFACE; TIO2(001); DIFFUSION; SUBSTRATE; RUTILE AB The surface of an anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) film grown on LaAlO3(001) was observed using noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). After cleaning with cycles of argon ion sputtering and annealing in vacuum, (1 x 4)- and (1 x 5)-reconstructed terraces appeared. In addition to the terraces, the sputter-annealed surface included many agglomerations. The presence of Tin+(n <= 3) shown by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the agglomerations are due to TiOx (x <= 2) species. Limited replenishment of oxygen by the substrate and the low diffusivity of the Tin+ to the substrate are possible causes for the generation of the TiOx. C1 Kanagawa Acad Sci & Technol, Surface Chem Lab, Takatsu Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan. Pacific Natl NW Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sasahara, A (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi Ctr, Bldg 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. EM sasahara@kobe-u.ac.jp RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP S18 EP S21 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/3/004 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 913NF UT WOS:000228157900005 ER PT J AU Lipp, MJ Evans, WJ Baer, BJ Yoo, CS AF Lipp, MJ Evans, WJ Baer, BJ Yoo, CS TI High-energy-density extended CO solid SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURE; NITROGEN; DIFFRACTION; GPA; PHASES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lipp, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Yoo1@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 9 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1038/nmat1321 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 901QJ UT WOS:000227296700016 PM 15711555 ER PT J AU Imbeni, V Kruzic, JJ Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Ritchie, RO AF Imbeni, V Kruzic, JJ Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Ritchie, RO TI The dentin-enamel junction and the fracture of human teeth SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; DENTINOENAMEL JUNCTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CORTICAL BONE; COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; RESISTANCE; INTERFACE; BEHAVIOR C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Imbeni, V (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01DE13029] NR 30 TC 181 Z9 186 U1 15 U2 73 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1038/nmat1323 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 901QJ UT WOS:000227296700020 PM 15711554 ER PT J AU Serganov, A Keiper, S Malinina, L Tereshko, V Skripkin, E Hobartner, C Polonskaia, A Phan, AT Wombacher, R Micura, R Dauter, Z Jaschke, A Patel, DJ AF Serganov, A Keiper, S Malinina, L Tereshko, V Skripkin, E Hobartner, C Polonskaia, A Phan, AT Wombacher, R Micura, R Dauter, Z Jaschke, A Patel, DJ TI Structural basis for Diels-Alder ribozyme-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA-PROTEIN RECOGNITION; NUCLEIC-ACID APTAMERS; IN-VITRO SELECTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MACROPHOMATE SYNTHASE; INDUCED FIT; ANTIBODY; REFINEMENT; SELENIUM; BINDING AB The majority of structural efforts addressing RNA's catalytic function have focused on natural ribozymes, which catalyze phosphodiester transfer reactions. By contrast, little is known about how RNA catalyzes other types of chemical reactions. We report here the crystal structures of a ribozyme that catalyzes enantioselective carbon- carbon bond formation by the Diels- Alder reaction in the unbound state and in complex with a reaction product. The RNA adopts a -shaped nested pseudoknot architecture whose preformed hydrophobic pocket is precisely complementary in shape to the reaction product. RNA folding and product binding are dictated by extensive stacking and hydrogen bonding, whereas stereoselection is governed by the shape of the catalytic pocket. Catalysis is apparently achieved by a combination of proximity, complementarity and electronic effects. We observe structural parallels in the independently evolved catalytic pocket architectures for ribozyme- and antibody-catalyzed Diels- Alder carbon- carbon bond-forming reactions. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Struct Biol Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Organ Chem, Ctr Mol Biosci, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, NCI, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jaschke, A (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Pharm & Mol Biotechnol, Bergheimer Str 58, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM jaeschke@uni-hd.de; pateld@mskcc.org RI Jaschke, Andres/F-1575-2010; Phan, Anh Tuan/A-3673-2010; Malinina, Lucy/B-8161-2013; Hobartner, Claudia/E-8462-2010; Wombacher, Richard/M-7117-2016 OI Jaschke, Andres/0000-0002-4625-2655; Phan, Anh Tuan/0000-0002-4970-3861; Hobartner, Claudia/0000-0002-4548-2299; Wombacher, Richard/0000-0002-3027-7778 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA008748]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM034504] NR 51 TC 142 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1038/nsmb906 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 902HL UT WOS:000227345400012 PM 15723077 ER PT J AU Miller, RM AF Miller, RM TI The nonmycorrhizal root - a strategy for survival in nutrient-impoverished soils SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE Cyperaceae; dauciform root; nonmycorrhizal root; nutrient-impoverished soils; root adaptations ID WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CLUSTER ROOTS; CYPERACEAE; PLANTS; CAREX; SEDGES; MYCORRHIZAS; GRASSLAND; INOCULUM; NITROGEN C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, RM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rmmiller@anl.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 165 IS 3 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01331.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900QQ UT WOS:000227229800001 PM 15720676 ER PT J AU DiFazio, SP AF DiFazio, SP TI A pioneer perspective on adaptation SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE adaptive variation; complex trait; ecosystem genomics; genetic architecture; hybridization; model plant; poplar; population genetics ID FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; POPLAR GENOMICS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; FOREST TREES; POPULUS; PHENOTYPE; SEQUENCE; CLONING C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DiFazio, SP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM difazios@ornl.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 165 IS 3 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01334.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 900QQ UT WOS:000227229800003 PM 15720678 ER PT J AU Salvatores, A AF Salvatores, A TI Nuclear fuel cycle strategies including Partitioning and Transmutation SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB The widespread concern about radioactive waste management has promoted interest during the last decade for the potential role of Partitioning and Transmutation strategies, in order to alleviate the burden on future deep geological repositories. The physics of transmutation allows to point-out preferential approaches, e.g., based on the use of a fast neutron spectrum. The practical implementation of Partitioning and Transmutation implies the development of sophisticated technologies and can be more realistic if seen in a regional context. Some examples will be given to illustrate the "regional" approach, and some considerations will be made on the use of Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS), in the frame of a progressive strategy from present nuclear power fleets to future systems, as studied, e.g., in the frame of the GENERATION-IV initiative. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA, Nucl Energy Div, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Salvatores, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 208, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM massimo.salvatores@cea.fr NR 11 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 235 IS 7 BP 805 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.10.009 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 894TC UT WOS:000226813500007 ER PT J AU Zastrow, KD Cox, SJ von Hellermann, MG O'Mullane, MG Stork, D Brix, M Challis, CD Coffey, IH Dux, R Finken, KH Giroud, C Hillis, D Hogan, JT Lawson, KD Loarer, T Meigs, AG Morgan, PD Stamp, MR Whiteford, AD AF Zastrow, KD Cox, SJ von Hellermann, MG O'Mullane, MG Stork, D Brix, M Challis, CD Coffey, IH Dux, R Finken, KH Giroud, C Hillis, D Hogan, JT Lawson, KD Loarer, T Meigs, AG Morgan, PD Stamp, MR Whiteford, AD CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Helium exhaust experiments on JET with Type I ELMs in H-mode and with Type III ELMs in ITB discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE CONFINEMENT; PUMP LIMITER; TRANSPORT; DIVERTOR; JT-60U; PLASMAS; TEXTOR AB An analysis of helium exhaust experiments on JET in the MkII-GB divertor configuration is presented. Helium is pumped by applying an argon frost layer on the divertor cryo pump. Measurement of the helium retention time, tau(He)(*),, is performed in two ways: by the introduction of helium in gas puffs and measurement of the subsequent decay time constant of the helium content, tau(He)(d*); and by helium beam injection and measurement of the helium replacement time, tau(He)(r*). In ELMy H-mode, with plasma configuration optimized for pumping, tau(He)(d*) approximate to 7.2 x tau(E)(th) is achieved, where tau(E)(th) is the thermal energy replacement time. For quasi-steady internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges, the achieved tau(He)(r*) approximate to 4.1 x tau(E)(th) is significantly lower. The achieved helium recycling coefficient, confirmed by an independent measurement to be R-eff approximate to 0.91, is the same in both scenarios. None of the discharges are dominated by core confinement. The difference in tau(He)(*)/tau(E)(th) is instead due to the confinement properties of the edge plasma, which is characterized by Type I ELMs for the H-mode discharges studied, and Type III ELMs for the quasi-steady ITB discharges. This difference is quantified by an independent measurement of the ratio of the helium replacement time with a helium edge source to the energy confinement time. C1 EURATOM, UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. FOM, Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EURATOM, IPP, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich, Germany. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. CEA Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, CEA Fus, St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Zastrow, KD (reprint author), EURATOM, UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/3/002 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 910HD UT WOS:000227920700003 ER PT J AU Egedal, J Bindslev, H Budny, RV Woskov, P AF Egedal, J Bindslev, H Budny, RV Woskov, P TI Impact of beam ions on alpha-particle measurements by collective Thomson scattering in ITER SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAKS; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMA; TFTR AB Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) has been proposed as a viable diagnostic for characterizing fusion born a-distributions in ITER. However, the velocities of the planned 1 MeV deuterium heating beam ions in 1TER are similar to that of fusion born a-particles and may therefore mask the measurements of the fusion products. We apply a new technique for calculating the orbit averaged source, (S), of beam ions for various ITER scenarios. With the known (S) Fokker-Planck modelling is applied to characterize the beam ions during the slowing down process. Theoretical CTS signals for both beam ions and the alpha-particles are calculated. Our investigations show that the CTS measurements of alpha-particles will not be masked by the presence of the beam ions in H-mode plasmas. In lower density reversed shear plasmas, only a part of the CTS alpha-particle spectrum will be perturbed. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EURATOM, Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/3/005 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 910HD UT WOS:000227920700006 ER PT J AU Jing, GG Liu, WM Gai, W Power, JG Wong, T AF Jing, GG Liu, WM Gai, W Power, JG Wong, T TI Mode analysis of a multilayered dielectric-loaded accelerating structure SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE multilayer; dielectric; loaded accelerator; Bragg fiber ID INFRARED TRANSMISSION; BRAGG FIBERS; WAVE-GUIDES AB In this paper we evaluate a cylindrical metallic waveguide lined with multiple layers of dielectric for use as a slow-wave microwave accelerating structure. A general analysis of this traveling wave, multilayered, dielectric-loaded accelerating structure is presented including field solutions for both the TM (acceleration) modes and HEM (parasitic) modes. Furthermore, we present a recursive design procedure for choosing the layer thicknesses, calculation of the standard accelerator figures of merit such as the quality factor Q and shunt impedance per unit length r, and an easy to implement method for damping the HEM modes. Most importantly, it is shown that this multilayered DLA structure has a dramatically improved attenuation compared to the conventional single-layered dielectric-loaded structure while maintaining comparable shunt impedance. As a numerical example, we compare an 11.424 GHz multilayered structure using 4 layers and an 11.424 GHz conventional single-layered structure. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Jing, GG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,F249,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jingchg@hep.anl.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 539 IS 3 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.10.030 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 906PZ UT WOS:000227655600001 ER PT J AU Batygin, YK AF Batygin, YK TI Particle-in-cell code BEAMPATH for beam dynamics simulations in linear accelerators and beamlines SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE space charge; particle-in-cell; macroparticle; Poisson's equation; accelerator; beamline; simulations ID SPACE-CHARGE; EMITTANCE; FIELD AB A code library BEAMPATH for 2D and 3D space charge dominated beam dynamics study in linear particle accelerators and beam transport lines is developed. The program is used for particle-in-cell simulation of axial-symmetric, quadrupole-symmetric and z-uniform beams in a channel containing RF gaps, radio-frequency quadrupoles, multipole lenses, solenoids and bending magnets. The programming method includes hierarchical program design using program-independent modules and a flexible combination of modules to provide the most effective version of the structure for every specific case of simulation. Numerical techniques as well as the results of beam dynamics studies are presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Batygin, YK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM batygin@slac.stanford.edu NR 38 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 539 IS 3 BP 455 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.10.029 PG 35 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 906PZ UT WOS:000227655600002 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Zhang, Y AF Alton, GD Zhang, Y TI A fast effusive-flow vapor-transport system for ISOL-based radioactive ion beam facilities SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE vapor-transport system; effusive flow; Monte-Carlo simulation; ISOL target; radioactive ion beam ID DESIGN; GENERATION; SELECTION; TARGETS AB In order to generate useful beam intensities of short-lived radioactive isotopes for nuclear and nuclear-astrophysics research at ISOL-based radioactive ion beam facilities, delay times associated with diffusion release from target materials and effusive-flow transport from production targets to ion sources must be reduced to as low as practically achievable levels. A fast vapor-transport system has been conceived that reduces effusive-flow times from target to ion source by > 2 orders of magnitude over those of conventional transport systems used at CERN-ISOLDE and the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. For target material thicknesses of similar to 1 mu m, the new system permits the generation of useful RIB intensities of species with lifetimes of a few tens of milliseconds to a few seconds and target/species combinations with diffusion coefficients in the range, 10(-8 >=)D(cm(2)/s)>= 10(-10). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008,Bldg 6000, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gda@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 539 IS 3 BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.027 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 906PZ UT WOS:000227655600006 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Ballansat, J Colas, J Girard, C Jeremie, A Jezequel, S Lesueur, J Sauvage, G Lissauer, D Makowlecki, D Radeka, V Rescia, S Wolniewicz, K Belymam, A Hoummada, A Cherif, A Chevalley, JL Fassnacht, P Hervas, L Martin, CP Szeless, B Collot, J Gallin-Martel, ML Hostachy, JY Martin, P Leltchouk, M Seman, M Dargent, P Djama, F Monnier, E Olivier, C Tisserant, S Battistoni, G Carminati, L Cavalli, D Costa, G Delmastro, M Fanti, M Mandelli, L Mazzanti, M Perini, L Tartarelli, F Auge, E Bonivento, W Fournier, D Puzo, P Serin, L de la Taille, C Astesan, F Canton, B Imbault, D Lacour, D Rossel, F Schwemling, P AF Aubert, B Ballansat, J Colas, J Girard, C Jeremie, A Jezequel, S Lesueur, J Sauvage, G Lissauer, D Makowlecki, D Radeka, V Rescia, S Wolniewicz, K Belymam, A Hoummada, A Cherif, A Chevalley, JL Fassnacht, P Hervas, L Martin, CP Szeless, B Collot, J Gallin-Martel, ML Hostachy, JY Martin, P Leltchouk, M Seman, M Dargent, P Djama, F Monnier, E Olivier, C Tisserant, S Battistoni, G Carminati, L Cavalli, D Costa, G Delmastro, M Fanti, M Mandelli, L Mazzanti, M Perini, L Tartarelli, F Auge, E Bonivento, W Fournier, D Puzo, P Serin, L de la Taille, C Astesan, F Canton, B Imbault, D Lacour, D Rossel, F Schwemling, P TI Development and construction of large size signal electrodes for the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorimeter particle physics; LHC; liquid argon; flexible circuits; silk screen resistors ID PERFORMANCE; PROTOTYPE; MODULE-0 AB We describe the electric circuits (electrodes) which polarize and read out the lead-liquid argon electromagnetic calorimeter for the ATLAS detector. The paper covers design and material choices of the circuits as well as their production in industry. We also show how the electrodes integrate into the calorimeter and conclude with results from groups of electrodes making up calorimeter modules. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fac Sci Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS, F-38026 St Martin Dheres, France. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Mediterranee, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Hervas, L (reprint author), CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM Luis.Hervas@cern.ch RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Delmastro, Marco/I-5599-2012; Battistoni, Giuseppe/B-5264-2012; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Delmastro, Marco/0000-0003-2992-3805; Battistoni, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3484-1724; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 539 IS 3 BP 558 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.005 PG 37 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 906PZ UT WOS:000227655600008 ER PT J AU Petreczky, P AF Petreczky, P TI QCD thermodynamics on lattice SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY RESTORATION; RENORMALIZED POLYAKOV LOOP; IMPROVED STAGGERED QUARKS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE QCD; SU(2) GAUGE-THEORY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; MONTE-CARLO; CRITICAL-POINT AB I discuss recent developments in lattice QCD thermodynamics on the nature of the transition at finite temperature and density, equation of state, screening of static charges and meson spectral functions at high temperatures. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 97 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.366 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000008 ER PT J AU Boyle, P Chen, D Christ, N Clark, M Cohen, S Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Liu, G Li, S Lin, H Mawhinney, R Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A AF Boyle, P Chen, D Christ, N Clark, M Cohen, S Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Liu, G Li, S Lin, H Mawhinney, R Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A TI The QCDOC project SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB The QCDOC project has developed a supercomputer optimised for the needs of Lattice QCD simulations. it provides a very competitive price to sustained performance ratio of around $1 USD per sustained Megaflop/s in combination with outstanding scalability. Thus very large systems delivering over 5 TFlop/s of performance on the evolution of a single lattice is possible. Large prototypes have been built and are functioning correctly. The software environment raises the state of the art in such custom supercomputers. It is based on a lean custom node operating system that eliminates many unnecessary overheads that plague other systems. Despite the custom nature, the operating system implements a standards compliant UNIX-like programming environment easing the porting of software from other systems. The SciDAC QMP interface adds internode communication in a fashion that provides a uniform cross-platform programming environment. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Riken Brookhaven Res Ctr, Brookhaven, NY USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Boyle, P (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320 NR 5 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.179 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000018 ER PT J AU Holmgren, DJ AF Holmgren, DJ TI PC clusters for lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB In the last several years, tightly coupled PC clusters have become widely applied, cost effective resources for lattice gauge computations. This paper discusses the practice of building such clusters, in particular balanced design requirements. I review and quantify the improvements over time of key performance parameters and overall price to performance ratio. Applying these trends and technology forecasts given by computer equipment manufacturers, I predict the range of price to performance for lattice codes expected in the next several years. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Holmgren, DJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.160 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000020 ER PT J AU Joo, B Watson, W AF Joo, B Watson, W TI ILDG Middleware Working Group status report SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We report on the status of the ILDG Middleware Working Group. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Joo, B (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.152 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000023 ER PT J AU Izubuchi, T AF Izubuchi, T CA RBC Collaboration TI Hadron spectrum and decay constant from N-F=2 domain wall QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY AB We report on the first large-scale study of two flavor QCD with domain wall fermions (DWF). Simulation has been carried out at three dynamical quark mass values about 1/2, 3/4, and 1 m(strange) on 16(3) x 32 volume with L-s = 12 and a(-1) approximate to1.7 GeV. After discussing the details of the simulation, we report on the light hadron spectrum and decay constants. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RP Izubuchi, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.282 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000029 ER PT J AU Renner, DB Schroers, W Edwards, R Fleming, GT Hagler, P Negele, JW Orginos, K Pochinski, A Richards, D AF Renner, DB Schroers, W Edwards, R Fleming, GT Hagler, P Negele, JW Orginos, K Pochinski, A Richards, D CA LHP Collaboration TI Hadronic physics with domain-wall valence and improved staggered sea quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON STRUCTURE; LATTICE; QCD; FERMIONS; INSIGHT; MOMENTS; SPIN AB With the advent of chiral fermion formulations, the simulation of light valence quarks has finally become realistic for numerical simulations of lattice QCD. The simulation of light dynamical quarks, however, remains one of the major challenges and is still an obstacle to realistic simulations. We attempt to meet this challenge using a hybrid combination of Asqtad sea quarks and domain-wall valence quarks. Initial results for the proton form factor and the nucleon axial coupling are presented. C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Renner, DB (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.357 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000034 ER PT J AU Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Howard, J Lellouch, L Necco, S Rebbi, C Shoresh, N AF Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Howard, J Lellouch, L Necco, S Rebbi, C Shoresh, N TI Light hadron spectra and wave functions in quenched QCD with overlap quarks on a large lattice SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID FERMIONS AB A simulation of quenched QCD with the overlap Dirac operator has been completed using 100 Wilson gauge configurations at beta = 6 on an 18(3) x 64 lattice. We present results for meson and baryon masses, meson final state "wave functions" and other observables. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr Phys Theor, CNRS Luminy, FRUMAM, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, Ctr Phys Theor, CNRS Luminy, FRUMAM, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Berruto, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Hoelbling, Christian/0000-0001-5715-1086 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.358 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000036 ER PT J AU Ishii, N Doi, T Iida, H Oka, M Okiharu, F Suganuma, H AF Ishii, N Doi, T Iida, H Oka, M Okiharu, F Suganuma, H TI Penta-quark anti-decuplet in anisotropic lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB The penta-quark(5Q) Theta(+)(1540) is studied in anisotropic lattice QCD with renormalized anisotropy a(s)/a(t) = 4 for a high-precision measurement. Both the positive and the negative parity 5Q baryons are studied using a non-NK type interpolating field with I = 0 and J = 1/2. After the chiral extrapolation, the lowest positive parity state is found at mTheta similar or equal to 2.25 GeV, which is too heavy to be identified with Theta(+)(1540). In the negative parity channel, the lowest energy state is found at mTheta similar or equal to 1.75 GeV. Although it is rather close to the empirical value, it is considered to be an NK scattering state rather than a localized resonance state. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nihon Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Technol, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018308, Japan. RP Ishii, N (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, H-27, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM ishii@rarfaxp.riken.jp NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.296 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000037 ER PT J AU Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, GT Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S AF Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, GT Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S CA LHP Collaboration TI Analysis of N-star spectra using matrices of correlation functions based on irreducible baryon operators SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We present results for ground and excited-state nucleon masses in quenched lattice QCD using anisotropic lattices. Group theoretical constructions of local and nonlocal straight-link irreducible operators are used to obtain suitable sources and sinks. Matrices of correlation functions are diagonalized to determine the eigenvectors. Both chi-square fitting and Bayesian inference with an entropic prior are used to extract masses from the correlation functions in a given channel. We observe clear separation of the excited state masses from the ground state mass. States of spin greater than or equal to 5/2 have been isolated by use of G(2) operators. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Yale Univ, Sloane Phys Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Basak, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 278 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.170 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000040 ER PT J AU Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, GT Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S AF Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, GT Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S CA LHP Collaboration TI Baryonic sources using irreducible representations of the double-covered octahedral group SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID LATTICE AB Irreducible representations (IRs) of the double-covered octahedral group are used to construct lattice source and sink operators for three-quark baryons. The goal is to achieve a good coupling to higher spin states as well as ground states. Complete sets of local and nonlocal straigbt-link operators are explicitly shown for isospin 1/2 and 3/2 baryons. The orthogonality relations of the IR operators are confirmed in a quenched lattice simulation. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Sato, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 281 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.353 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000041 ER PT J AU Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, GT Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S AF Basak, S Edwards, R Fiebig, R Fleming, GT Heller, UM Morningstar, C Richards, D Sato, I Wallace, S CA LHP Collaboration TI Group-theoretical construction of extended baryon operators SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB The design and implementation of large sets of spatially extended baryon operators for use in lattice simulations are described. The operators are constructed to maximize overlaps with the low-lying states of interest, while minimizing the number of sources needed in computing the required quark propagators. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Yale Univ, Sloane Phys Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Morningstar, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Morningstar, Colin/N-6925-2014; OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Morningstar, Colin/0000-0002-0607-9923; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.252 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000043 ER PT J AU Edwards, RG AF Edwards, RG CA Lattice Hadron Physics Collaborati TI Electromagnetic hadronic form-factors SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID MESON AB We present a calculation of the nucleon electromagnetic form-factors as well as the pion and rho to pion transition form-factors in a hybrid calculation with domain wall valence quarks and improved staggered (Asqtad) sea quarks. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Edwards, RG (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 290 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.337 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000044 ER PT J AU Fleming, GT Bonnet, FDR Edwards, RG Lewis, R Richards, DG AF Fleming, GT Bonnet, FDR Edwards, RG Lewis, R Richards, DG TI Pion form factor using domain wall valence and asqtad sea quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID NUCLEON STRUCTURE; SCATTERING RESONANCE; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; SCALING LAWS; LATTICE QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION; MOMENTUM; Q2 AB We compute the pion electromagnetic form factor in a hybrid calculation with domain wall valence quarks and improved staggered (asqtad) sea quarks. This method can easily be extended to o --> gammapi transition form factors. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Yale Univ, Ploane Phys Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. RP Fleming, GT (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 302 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.333 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000048 ER PT J AU Blum, T AF Blum, T TI Lattice calculation of the lowest-order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID VACUUM POLARIZATION AB I present quenched domain wall fermion and 2+1 flavor improved Kogut-Susskind fermion calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization which are used to calculate the O(alpha(2)) hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Together with previous quenched calcuations, the new results confirm that in the quenched theory the hadronic contribution is signifcantly smaller (similar to 30%) than the value obtained from the total cross section of e(+)e(-) annhilation to hadrons. The 2+1 flavor results show an increasing contribution to g - 2 as the quark mass is reduced. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.175 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000051 ER PT J AU Golterman, M Sharpe, SR Singleton, R AF Golterman, M Sharpe, SR Singleton, R TI Is there an Aoki phase in quenched QCD? SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID WILSON FERMIONS; LATTICE QCD AB We argue that quenched QCD has non-trivial phase structure for negative quark mass, including the possibility of a parity-flavor breaking Aoki phase. This has implications for simulations with domain-wall or overlap fermions. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Golterman, M (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.121 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000059 ER PT J AU Yamazaki, T AF Yamazaki, T TI Two-particle wave function in four dimensional Ising model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID SCATTERING PHASE-SHIFTS; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORIES; RESONANCE SCATTERING; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; LATTICE; MATRIX; STATES AB An exploratory study of two-particle wave function is carried out with a four dimensional simple model. The wave functions not only for two-particle ground and first excited states but also for an unstable state are calculated from three- and four-point functions using the diagonalization method suggested by Luscher and Wolff. The scattering phase shift is evaluated from these wave functions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yamazaki, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 338 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.140 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000060 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, K Izubuchi, T AF Hashimoto, K Izubuchi, T CA RBC Collaborat TI Static (Q)over-bar-Q potential from N-f=2 dynamical domain-wall QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORIES; CHIRAL FERMIONS AB We calculate the static quark and anti-quark potential both in quenched and two-flavor dynamical quark lattice QCD using DBW2 gauge and domain-wall quark actions. Lattice spacings from Sommer scale are determined. We find (i) mixing of excited states is different in between quenched and dynamical, (ii) lattice spacing a(r0) similar to a(mp) in dynamical and (iii) coefficient of Coulomb term being alpha(Nf=0) < α(Nf=2) at a(-1) -&SIM;2 GeV. C1 Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. RIKEN, Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hashimoto, K (reprint author), Kanazawa Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 341 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.314 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000061 ER PT J AU Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Howard, J Lellouch, L Necco, S Rebbi, C Shoresh, N AF Berruto, F Garron, N Hoelbling, C Howard, J Lellouch, L Necco, S Rebbi, C Shoresh, N TI Electroweak penguins and SUSYK0-(K)over-bar(0) mixing with Neuberger quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID QUENCHED LATTICE QCD; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; EPSILON'/EPSILON; RENORMALIZATION; PARAMETER; OPERATORS; MASS AB We present results for DeltaI=3/2 and DeltaS=2 matrix elements relevant for CP violation in K --> pipi decays and for the K-S-K-L mass difference in the standard model and beyond. They were obtained with Neuberger fermions on quenched gauge configurations generated with the Wilson plaquette action at beta=6.0 on an 18(3) x 64 lattice. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CNRS Marseille Luminy, Ctr Phys Theor, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Berruto, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.255 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000068 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, T Fleming, GT Gupta, R Kilcup, G Lee, W Sharpe, S AF Bhattacharya, T Fleming, GT Gupta, R Kilcup, G Lee, W Sharpe, S TI Calculating epsilon '/epsilon using HYP staggered fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab AB We present preliminary results for epsilon'/epsilon calculated using HYP staggered fermions in the quenched approximation. We compare different choices of quenched penguin operators. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-B285,T-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Fleming, George/L-6614-2013; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Fleming, George/0000-0002-4987-7167; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 369 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.256 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000069 ER PT J AU Noaki, J AF Noaki, J CA RBC Collabolat TI Kaon matrix elements in domain-wall QCD with DBW2 gauge action SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We present calculations of the decay constants and kaoD B-parameter B-K as the first stage of RBC Collaboration's quenched numerical simulations using DBW2 gauge action and domain-wall fermions. Some of potential systematic errors and consistency to previous works are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Noaki, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 378 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.162 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000072 ER PT J AU Ohta, S Orginos, K AF Ohta, S Orginos, K CA RBCK Collaborat TI Nucleon structure with domain wall fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID CHIRAL FERMIONS; LATTICE; RENORMALIZATION AB we report the status of RBCK calculations on nucleon structure with quenched and dynamical domain wall fermions. The quenched results for the moments of structure functions (x)(q), (x)(Deltau-Deltad), and (1)(deltaq) from 1.3 GeV cutoff lattices are complete with non perturbative renormalization (NPR). The dynamical results with two degenerate dynamical quark flavors from 1.7 GeV cutoff lattices are without NPR while the axial charge result is naturally renormalized. C1 KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ohta, S (reprint author), KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 396 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.276 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000078 ER PT J AU Berruto, F Blum, T Orginos, K Soni, A AF Berruto, F Blum, T Orginos, K Soni, A TI Neutron electric dipole moment with domain wall quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID QUANTUM-CHROMODYNAMICS; LATTICE; QCD AB We present preliminary results for nucleon dipole moments computed with domain wall fermions. Our main target is the electric dipole moment of the neutron arising from the theta term in the gauge part of the QCD lagrangian. The calculated magnetic dipole moments of the proton and neutron are in rough accord with experimental values. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Berruto, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 411 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.277 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000082 ER PT J AU Tamhankar, S Alexandru, A Chen, Y Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Liu, KF Mathur, N Zhang, JB AF Tamhankar, S Alexandru, A Chen, Y Dong, SJ Draper, T Horvath, I Lee, FX Liu, KF Mathur, N Zhang, JB TI Charmonium spectrum from quenched QCD with overlap fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID LATTICE QCD AB We present preliminary results using overlap fermions for the charmonium spectrum, in particular for hyperfine splitting. Simulations are performed on 16(3) x 72 lattices, with Wilson gauge action at beta = 6.3345. Depending on how the scale is set, we obtain 104(5) MeV (using 1(P) over bar - 1(S) over bar) or 88(4) MeV (using r(0) = 0.5 fm) for the hyperfine splitting. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. OI Lee, Frank/0000-0001-8169-3440 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 434 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.253 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000089 ER PT J AU Allison, IF Davies, CTH Gray, A Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Simone, JN AF Allison, IF Davies, CTH Gray, A Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Simone, JN CA HPQCD FNAL Lattice UKQCD Collaborations TI A precise determination of the B-c mass from dynamical lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID SPECTROSCOPY; QUARKS AB We perform a precise calculation of the mass of the B-c meson using unquenched configurations from the MILC collaboration, including 2 + 1 flavours of improved staggered quarks. Lattice NRQCD and the Fermilab formalism are used to describe the b and c quarks respectively. We find the mass of the B-c meson to be 6.304(16)GeV. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Theoret Phys Grp, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Allison, IF (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Theoret Phys Grp, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. OI Simone, James/0000-0001-8515-3337 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 440 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.375 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000091 ER PT J AU Simone, JN Aubin, C Bernard, C DeTar, C di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Gregory, EB Heller, UM Hetrick, JE Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Nobes, M Okamoto, M Oktay, MB Osborn, J Sugar, R Toussaint, D Trottier, HD AF Simone, JN Aubin, C Bernard, C DeTar, C di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Gregory, EB Heller, UM Hetrick, JE Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Nobes, M Okamoto, M Oktay, MB Osborn, J Sugar, R Toussaint, D Trottier, HD TI Leptonic decay constants f(Ds) and f(D) in three flavor lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We determine the leptonic decay constants f(Ds) and f(D) in three flavor unquenched lattice QCD. We use O(a(2))-improved staggered light quarks and O(a)-improved charm quarks in the Fermilab heavy quark formalism. Our preliminary results, based upon an analysis at a single lattice spacing, are f(Ds) = 263(-9)(+5) +/- 24 MeV and f(D) = 225(-13)(+11) +/- 21 MeV. In each case, the first reported error is statistical while the second is the combined systematic uncertainty. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Simone, JN (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Simone, James/0000-0001-8515-3337; Hetrick, James/0000-0002-0740-2251; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.245 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000092 ER PT J AU Okamoto, M Aubin, C Bernard, C DeTar, C Di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Gregory, EB Heller, UM Hetrick, J Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Nobes, M Oktay, MB Osborn, J Simone, JN Sugar, R Toussaint, D Trottier, HD AF Okamoto, M Aubin, C Bernard, C DeTar, C Di Pierro, M El-Khadra, AX Gottlieb, S Gregory, EB Heller, UM Hetrick, J Kronfeld, AS Mackenzie, PB Menscher, DP Nobes, M Oktay, MB Osborn, J Simone, JN Sugar, R Toussaint, D Trottier, HD TI Semileptonic D ->pi/K and B ->pi/D decays in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID MESONS; HEAVY AB We present results for form factors of semileptonic decays of D and B mesons in 2 + 1 flavor lattice QCD using the MILC gauge configurations. With an improved staggered action for light quarks, we successfully reduce the systematic error from the chiral extrapolation. The results for D decays are in agreement with experimental ones. The results for B decays are preliminary. Combining our results with experimental branching ratios, we then obtain the CKM matrix elements \V-cd\, \V-cs\, \V-cb\ and \V-ub\. We also check CKM unitarity, for the first time, using only lattice QCD as the theoretical input. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Depaul Univ, Sch Comp Sci Telecommun & Informat Syst, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Simone, James/0000-0001-8515-3337; Hetrick, James/0000-0002-0740-2251; Heller, Urs M./0000-0002-2780-5584 NR 17 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 461 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.151 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000098 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Sinclair, DK TI The finite temperature transition for 3-flavour lattice QCD at finite isospin density SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID CHIRAL CRITICAL-POINT; PHASE-DIAGRAM AB We simulate 3-flavour lattice QCD with a small chemical potential mu(I) for isospin, at temperatures close to the finite temperature transition. Using quark masses just above the critical mass for zero chemical potential, we determine the position of the transition from hadronic matter to a quark-gluon plasma as a function of mu(I). We see evidence for a critical endpoint where the transition changes from a crossover to a first-order transition as mu(I) is increased. We argue that QCD at finite mu(I) and QCD at finite quark-number chemical potential p should behave similarly in this region. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kogut, JB (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.156 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000118 ER PT J AU Blum, T Petreczky, P AF Blum, T Petreczky, P TI Cutoff effects in meson spectral functions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We study the lattice spacing dependence of meson spectral functions calculated in quenched QCD with domain wall fermions as well as clover Wilson fermions in quenched and partially-quenched QCD. We conclude that for lattice spacing a less than or equal to 3 GeV all excited states appearing in the spectral functions are lattice artifacts. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blum, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.365 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000126 ER PT J AU Petrov, K AF Petrov, K TI On quark mass and lattice spacing dependence of the singlet free energies with improved fermions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We study scaling of the singlet free energies with quark mass and lattice spacing. The theory is three flavor QCD with degenerate quark masses using N-tau = 4 and 6 lattices with Asqtad staggered fermion action. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Theory, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Petrov, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Nucl Theory, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 556 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.364 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000127 ER PT J AU Doi, T Ishii, N Oka, M Suganuma, H AF Doi, T Ishii, N Oka, M Suganuma, H TI The lattice QCD simulation of the quark-gluon mixed condensate g <(q)over-bar sigma(mu nu)G(mu nu)q > at finite temperature and the phase transition of QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; SUM-RULE; BARYON; MASSES AB The thermal effects on the quark-gluon mixed condensate g((q) over bar sigma(munu)G(munu)q), which is another chiral order parameter, are studied using the SU(3)(c) lattice QCD with the Kogut-Susskind fermion at the quenched level. We perform the accurate measurement of g((Q) over bar sigma(munu)G(munu)q) as well as ((q) over barq) for 0 less than or similar to T less than or similar to 500 MeV. We observe the sharp decrease of both the condensates around T-c similar or equal to 280 MeV, while the thermal effects below T. are found to be weak. We also find that the ratio m(o)(2) = g((q) over bar sigma(munu)G(munu)q)/[(q) over barq] is almost independent of the temperature even in the very vicinity of T-c, which indicates that the two condensates have nontrivial similarity in the chiral behaviors. We also present the correlation between the condensates and the Polyakov loop to understand the vacuum structure of QCD. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Doi, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM doi@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 559 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.341 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000128 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M TI Are magnetic monopoles hadrons? SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB The charges of magnetic monopoles are constrained to a multiple of 2pi times the inverse of the elementary unit electric charge. In the standard model, quarks have fractional charge, raising the question of whether the basic magnetic monople unit is a multiple of 2pi/e or three times that. A simple lattice construction shows how a magnetic monopole of the lower strength is possible if it interacts with gluonic fields as well. Such a monopole is thus a hadron. This is consistent with the construction of magnetic monopoles in grand unified theories. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 597 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.198 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000140 ER PT J AU Draper, T Alexandru, A Chen, Y Dong, SJ Horvath, I Lee, F Mathur, N Thacker, HB Tamhankar, S Zhang, JB AF Draper, T Alexandru, A Chen, Y Dong, SJ Horvath, I Lee, F Mathur, N Thacker, HB Tamhankar, S Zhang, JB TI Improved measure of local chirality SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID LATTICE; CONSTRUCTION AB It is popular to probe the structure of the QCD vacuum indirectly by studying individual fermion eigenmodes, because this provides a natural way to filter out UV fluctuations. The double-peaking in the distribution of the local chiral orientation parameter (X) has been offered as evidence, by some, in support of a particular model of the vacuum. Here we caution that the X-distribution peaking varies significantly with various versions of the definition of X. Furthermore, each distribution varies little from that resulting from a random reshuffling of the left-handed (and independently the right-handed) fields, which destroys any QCD-induced left-right correlation; that is, the double-peaking is mostly a phase-space effect. We propose a new universal definition of the X parameter whose distribution is uniform for randomly reshuffled fields. Any deviations from uniformity for actual data can then be directly attributable to QCD-induced dynamics. We find that the familiar double peak disappears. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. George Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Draper, T (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. OI Lee, Frank/0000-0001-8169-3440 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 623 EP 625 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.339 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000149 ER PT J AU Yamada, N Aoki, S Kuramashi, Y AF Yamada, N Aoki, S Kuramashi, Y TI One-loop determination of mass dependent O(a) improvement coefficients for the heavy-light vector and axial-vector currents with relativistic heavy and domain-wall light quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; PERTURBATIVE DETERMINATION; FERMIONS AB We present the one-loop results of the mass dependent 0(a) improvement coefficients for the heavy-light vector and axial-vector currents consisting of the relativistic heavy and the domain-wall light quarks. The calculations are performed with the plaquette, Iwasaki and DBW2 gauge actions. The heavy quark mass and domain-wall height dependence is investigated. We point out that the exact chiral symmetry held by the lattice light quark action leads to an exact relation between the improvement coefficients for the vector and axial-vector currents without regard to the lattice heavy quark action. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RP Yamada, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kuramashi, Yoshinobu /C-8637-2016 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 719 EP 721 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.264 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000176 ER PT J AU Sugihara, T AF Sugihara, T TI Density matrix renormalization group approach to a two-dimensional bosonic model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab ID 2ND-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITION; VARIATIONAL APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-CONE; THERMODYNAMICS; FORMULATION; CHAIN AB Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is applied to a (1+ 1)-dimensional lambdaphi(4) model to study spontaneous breakdown of discrete Z(2) symmetry numerically. We obtain the critical coupling (lambda/mu(2))(c) = 59.89 +/- 0.01 and the critical exponent beta = 0.1264 +/- 0.0073, which are consistent with the Monte Carlo and the exact results, respectively. The results are based on extrapolation to the continuum limit with lattice sizes L = 250, 500, and 1000. We show that the lattice size L = 500 is sufficiently close to the the limit L --> infinity [1]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 791 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.290 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000200 ER PT J AU Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Clark, M Cohen, SD Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Li, S Lin, H Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A AF Boyle, PA Chen, D Christ, NH Clark, M Cohen, SD Cristian, C Dong, Z Gara, A Joo, B Jung, C Kim, C Levkova, L Liao, X Li, S Lin, H Liu, G Mawhinney, RD Ohta, S Petrov, K Wettig, T Yamaguchi, A TI The status of user software on QCDOC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB The current status of QCDOC application software and the user environment are summarized. The performance of optimized routines for the Asqtad Hybrid Monte Carlo is discussed. Also, an update on other SciDAC software is presented. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Boyle, PA (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. OI Cohen, Saul/0000-0001-6804-3320 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 829 EP 831 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.144 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000211 ER PT J AU Edwards, RG Joo, B AF Edwards, RG Joo, B CA SciDAC & LHPC Collaboration UKQCD Collaboration TI The Chroma software system for lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory CY JUN 21-26, 2004 CL Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab, Batavia, IL SP Fermilab, Argonne Natl Lab, Univ Illinois HO Wilson Hall, Fermi Natl Acceleratpr Lab AB We describe aspects of the Chroma software system for lattice QCD calculations. Chroma is an open source C++ based software system developed using the software infrastructure of the US SciDAC initiative. Chroma interfaces with output from the BAGEL assembly generator for optimised lattice fermion kernels on some architectures. It can be run on workstations, clusters and the QCDOC supercomputer. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Edwards, RG (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 303 Z9 303 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 140 BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.254 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 901DU UT WOS:000227264000212 ER PT J AU Cramer, SN AF Cramer, SN TI Bounded next-event estimation and Monte Carlo forward-adjoint correlated coupling SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POINT ESTIMATORS; FLUX; TRANSPORT; PHOTON; CODES AB Bounded next-event estimation coupling of forward and adjoint Monte Carlo histories is possible by biasing the track-length selection of either the forward or adjoint calculation such that the 1/r(2) term is eliminated from the estimator. This method is analytic, involving only elementary functions and minimal computer resources. A first-adjoint-collision response distribution from the detector can be created from the general forward-adjoint coupling procedure for use with the standard forward next-event point estimator with no 1/r(2) term. This estimation is applicable for both a point detector or a point sampled from a finite detector volume. The truncated, first-adjoint-collision version of the general coupling method requires no actual adjoint calculation, but adjoint scattering probabilities must be made available in the forward estimation procedure. Various aspects of the estimator are investigated, and some simple calculational comparisons with standard methods are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cramer, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cramersn@ornl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 149 IS 3 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 901VZ UT WOS:000227311600001 ER PT J AU Nieto, MM Hayes, AC Wilson, WB Teeter, CM Stanbro, WD AF Nieto, MM Hayes, AC Wilson, WB Teeter, CM Stanbro, WD TI Detection of antineutrinos for nonproliferation SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO; POWER AB The feasibility of using the detection of electron antineutrinos produced in fission to monitor the time dependence of the plutonium content of nuclear power reactors is discussed. If practical, such a scheme would allow worldwide, automated monitoring of reactors and, thereby, the detection of certain proliferation scenarios. For GW(electric) power reactors, the count rates and the sensitivity of the anti-neutrino spectrum (to the core burnup) suggest that monitoring of the gross operational status of the reactor from outside the containment vessel is feasible. As the plutonium content builds up in a given burn cycle, the total number of antineutrinos steadily drops; and this variation is quite detectable, assuming fixed reactor power. The average antineutrino energy also steadily drops, and a measurement of this variation would be very useful to help offset uncertainties in the total reactor power. However, the expected change in the antineutrino signal from the diversion of a significant quantity of plutonium, which would typically require the diversion of as little as a single fuel assembly in a GW(electric) reactor, would be very difficult to detect. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Nonproliferat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nieto, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmn@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 149 IS 3 BP 270 EP 276 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 901VZ UT WOS:000227311600003 ER PT J AU Eriksson, M AF Eriksson, M TI On the performance of point kinetics for the analysis of accelerator-driven systems SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REACTOR KINETICS; BEHAVIOR AB The ability of point kinetics to describe dynamic processes in accelerator-driven systems (ADSs) is investigated. Full three-dimensional energy-space-time-dependent calculations, coupled with thermal and hydraulic feedback effects, are performed and used as a standard of comparison. Various transient accident sequences are studied. Calculations are performed in the range of k(eff) = 0.9594 to 0.9987 to provide insight into the dependence of the performance on the subcritical level. Numerical experiments are carried out on a minor-actinide-loaded and lead-bismuth-cooled ADS. It is shown that the point kinetics approximation is capable of providing highly accurate calculations in such systems. The results suggest better precision at lower k(eff) levels. It is found that subcritical operation provides features that are favorable from a point kinetics view of application. For example, reduced sensitivity to system reactivity perturbations effectively mitigates any spatial distortions. If a subcritical reactor is subject to a change in the strength of the external source, or a change in reactivity within the subcritical range, the neutron population will adjust to a new stationary level. Therefore, within the normal range of operation, the power predicted by the point kinetics method and the associated error in comparison with the exact solution tends to approach an essentially bounded value. It was found that the point kinetics model is likely to underestimate the power rise following a positive reactivity insertion in an ADS, which is similar to the behavior in critical systems. However, the effect is characteristically lowered in subcritical versus critical or near-critical reactor operation. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm Ctr Phys Astron & Biotechnol, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eriksson, M (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm Ctr Phys Astron & Biotechnol, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM marcus@neutron.kth.se NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 149 IS 3 BP 298 EP 311 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 901VZ UT WOS:000227311600006 ER PT J AU Oh, CH Moore, RL AF Oh, CH Moore, RL TI Brayton cycle for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper describes research on improving the Brayton cycle efficiency for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). In this study, we are investigating the efficiency of an indirect helium Brayton cycle for the power conversion side of an HTGR power plant. A reference case based on a 250-MW(thermal) pebble bed HTGR was developed using helium gas as a working fluid in both the primary and power conversion sides. The commercial computer code HYSYS was used for process optimization. A numerical model using the Visual-Basic (V-B) computer language was also developed to assist in the evaluation of the Brayton cycle efficiency. Results from both the HYSYS simulation and the V-B model were compared with Japanese calculations based on the 300-MW(electric) Gas Turbine High-Temperature Reactor (GTHTR) that was developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. After benchmarking our models, parametric investigations were performed to see the effect of important parameters on the cycle efficiency. We also investigated single-shaft versus multiple-shaft arrangements for the turbomachinery. The results from this study are applicable to other reactor concepts such as fast gas-cooled reactors, supercritical water reactors, and others. The ultimate goal of this study is to use other fluids such as supercritical carbon dioxide for the HTGR power conversion loop in order to improve the cycle efficiency over that of the helium Brayton cycle. This study is in progress, and the results will be published in a subsequent paper. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Thermal Fluids Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Thermal Fluids Dept, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM chh@inel.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 149 IS 3 BP 324 EP 336 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 909LN UT WOS:000227861500007 ER PT J AU Silva, RG Jorgensen, EE Holub, SM Gonsoulin, ME AF Silva, RG Jorgensen, EE Holub, SM Gonsoulin, ME TI Relationships between culturable soil microbial populations and gross nitrogen transformation processes in a clay loam soil across ecosystems SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE gross ammonium consumption; gross nitrification; gross nitrogen mineralization; microbial populations; N-15 ID N-15 ISOTOPIC DILUTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; POOL DILUTION; MINERALIZATION RATES; N MINERALIZATION; CROP RESIDUES; NITRIFICATION; GRASSLAND; BIOMASS; CARBON AB The size and quality of the soil organic matter (SOM) pool can vary between ecosystems and can affect many soil properties. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between gross N transformation rates and microbial populations and to investigate the role that SOM plays in these factors. In our study, culturable microbial and actinomycete populations were positively correlated with gross mineralization and ammonium (NH4+) consumption rates over time in both ecosystems. These correlations provide evidence that microbial plate counts could be a good representation of all microbes responsible for gross mineralization and gross NH4+ consumption. Rates of gross mineralization, nitrification and NH4+ consumption were significantly greater in forest soil than old-field soil. These greater rates in forest soil could be due to the presence of higher levels of readily transferable substrates in SOM. Gross nitrification rates were considerably lower than gross mineralization and NH4+ consumption rates over the experimental period, indicating heterotrophic uptake of NH4+ rather than use by autotrophic nitrifiers under soil and environmental conditions in this study. Additionally, microbial populations were significantly (p < 0.01) greater in forest soil than in old-field soil, which could also be related to the higher level of SOM in the forest soil. Net mineralization and nitrification rates were similar between ecosystems. Results also showed that net rates were highly correlated to each other, but were not correlated with culturable microbes or gross N transformation rates, indicating the isolation of net rates in relation to fundamental controlling factors. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Silva, RG (reprint author), US EPA, Robert S Kerr Environm Res Lab, POB 1198, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM silva.gunadasa@epa.gov NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s10705-004-6378-y PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 933KO UT WOS:000229627500005 ER PT J AU Hauer, M Funk, DJ Lippert, T Wokaun, A AF Hauer, M Funk, DJ Lippert, T Wokaun, A TI Time-resolved techniques as probes for the laser ablation process SO OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; polymers; time resolved measurements ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) FILM; INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; NS-INTERFEROMETRY; NANOSECOND INTERFEROMETRY; POLYMER; SHADOWGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; PHOTOABLATION; IRRADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET AB Laser material processing is an increasing market although many processes are still not yet fully understood. It was repeatedly emphasized that a better understanding of the transient processes can help to improve the understanding of the ablation mechanism. Examples using ns-surface interferometry, ns-shadowgraphy and emission spectroscopy are shown to illustrate how these techniques can be used to obtain new insights in the laser ablation processes. Time-resolved surface interferometry probes the remaining polymer, while ns-shadowgraphy and plasma spectroscopy observe the ablation products. Ns-shadowgraphy can be used for fluences just above the ablation threshold, to the fluences where a plasma is observed, which is probed by emission spectroscopy. Time-resolved ns-surface interferometry of a specially designed triazene polymer reveals that the surface morphology changes and thereby the surface removal occurs only during the laser pulse. Ns-shadowgraphy is used to observe the shockwave and the plume of fragments, which are generated during laser ablation. A comparison of the ablation properties of an energetic polymer at two different wavelengths (1064 and 193 nm) shows that the ejection of non-gaseous fragments (solid or liquid) is only detected after irradiation with 1064 nm. At higher laser fluences, plasma is formed, and the atomic (H), and diatomic species (CN, CH and C-2) are identified. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Gen Energy Res, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX 2, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lippert, T (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Gen Energy Res, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM thomas.lippert@psi.ch RI Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-8166 J9 OPT LASER ENG JI Opt. Lasers Eng. PD MAR-MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3-5 BP 545 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2004.03.013 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 905HW UT WOS:000227560200024 ER PT J AU Rini, M Cavalleri, A Schoenlein, RW Lopez, R Feldman, LC Haglund, RF Boatner, LA Haynes, TE AF Rini, M Cavalleri, A Schoenlein, RW Lopez, R Feldman, LC Haglund, RF Boatner, LA Haynes, TE TI Photoinduced phase transition in VO2 nanocrystals: ultrafast control of surface-plasmon resonance SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB We study the ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition in nanoparticles of VO2, obtained by ion implantation and self-assembly in silica. The nonmagnetic, strongly correlated compound VO2 undergoes a reversible phase transition, which can be photoinduced on an ultrafast time scale. In the nanoparticles, prompt formation of the metallic state results in the appearance of surface-plasmon resonance. We achieve large, ultrafast enhancement of optical absorption in the near-infrared spectral region that encompasses the wavelength range for optical-fiber communications. One can further tailor the response of the nanoparticles by controlling their shape. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rini, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mrini@lbl.gov RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X; Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 12 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 6 U2 50 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 558 EP 560 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000558 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902QO UT WOS:000227371800036 PM 15789735 ER PT J AU Min, MZ Chen, J Wang, JP Wei, GH Fayek, M AF Min, MZ Chen, J Wang, JP Wei, GH Fayek, M TI Mineral paragenesis and textures associated with sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, NW China SO ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposit; mineralogy; paragenesis; China ID SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NEW-MEXICO; PYRITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; REDUCTION; COFFINITE; GENESIS; ORIGIN; TEXAS AB We present a first paragenetic study of the Wuyier, Wuyisan, Wuyiyi and Shihongtan sandstone-hosted roll-front uranium deposits, northwest China. The mineralization is hosted by Lower-Middle Jurassic coarse- to medium-grained sandstones, which are dark-gray to black due to a mixture of ore minerals and carbonaceous debris. The sandstone is alluvial fan-braided river facies. Minerals associated with these deposits can be broadly categorized as detrital, authigenic, and ore-stage mineralization. Ore minerals consist of uraninite and coffinite. This is the first noted occurrence of coffinite in this type of deposit in China. Sulfide minerals associated with the uranium minerals are pyrite, marcasite, and less commonly, sphalerite and galena. The sulfide minerals are largely in textural equilibrium with the uranium minerals. However, these sulfide minerals occasionally appear to predate, as well as postdate, the uranium minerals. This implies that there are multiple generations of sulfides associated with these deposits. The ore minerals occur interstitially between fossilized wood cells in the sandstones as well as replace fossilized wood and biotite. The deposits are generally low-grade. Primary uranium minerals associated with the low-grade deposits are generally too small, ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 mu m in diameter, to be observed by optical microscopy and are only observed by electron microscopy. Mineral paragenesis and textures indicate that these deposits formed under low temperature (30-50 degrees C) conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab mineral Deposit Res, Dept Earth Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. China Natl Nucl Corp, NW Inst Uranium Geol, Xianyang 712000, Peoples R China. Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, ORNL, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Min, MZ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab mineral Deposit Res, Dept Earth Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM mzmin@nju.edu.cn NR 40 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-1368 J9 ORE GEOL REV JI Ore Geol. Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.10.001 PG 19 WC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geology; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 915NL UT WOS:000228310800004 ER PT J AU Li, J Williams, JM Zhong, Z Kuettner, KE Aurich, M Mollenhauer, J Muehleman, C AF Li, J Williams, JM Zhong, Z Kuettner, KE Aurich, M Mollenhauer, J Muehleman, C TI Reliability of diffraction enhanced imaging for assessment of cartilage lesions, ex vivo SO OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE LA English DT Article DE Diffraction Enhanced Imaging; cartilage radiography; talus; cartilage defect ID PULSED SATURATION-TRANSFER; HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI; CHRONIC KNEE PAIN; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; IN-VIVO; GUINEA-PIG; EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOARTHRITIS; SMALL JOINTS; RABBIT KNEE; QUANTIFICATION AB Objective: The assessment of articular cartilage integrity is of value for the detection of early degenerative joint disease in both the clinical and the research settings. It was the purpose of this study to determine the accuracy and reliability of identifying articular cartilage defects through Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI), a high contrast radiographic imaging technique. DEI provides two new sources of image contrast to radiography: refraction and scatter rejection, besides the absorption of conventional radiography. Design: Cadaveric tali were DEI imaged in the anterior-posterior position at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Two independent observers provided gross score evaluations (on a five point scale) of the trochlear surfaces. The DEI image of each trochlear surface was then graded (on a five point scale) by two additional independent observers who were blinded with regard to the gross evaluation of the articular surfaces. Inter-observer agreement for DEI grades was assessed with the weighted K statistic. Correlation of diffraction enhanced image score to the gross score was assessed with Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The defects of articular cartilage of talar trochleae could be visualized through DEL The Spearman correlation of gross grades with DEI grades on the 165 talar regions for observers 1 and 2 were 0.91 and 0.91, respectively. The overall weighted K value for inter-observer agreement was 0.93, thus considered high agreement. Conclusions: DEI is accurate and reliable for detection of articular cartilage defects ex vivo. Even early stages of degeneration of cartilage can be visualized with this high contrast technique. Future studies will focus on the application of DEI to the identification of such lesions in vivo. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of OsteoArthritis Research Society International. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Jena, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Dept Orthopaed, D-6900 Jena, Germany. RP Muehleman, C (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, ACFAC 507,600 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [P50-AR39239, R01 AR48292] NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1063-4584 J9 OSTEOARTHR CARTILAGE JI Osteoarthritis Cartilage PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.003 PG 11 WC Orthopedics; Rheumatology SC Orthopedics; Rheumatology GA 905JB UT WOS:000227563300002 PM 15727884 ER PT J AU Strohmaier, E Dongarra, JJ Meuer, HW Simon, HD AF Strohmaier, E Dongarra, JJ Meuer, HW Simon, HD TI Recent trends in the marketplace of high performance computing SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE high performance computing; HPC market; HPC technology; supercomputer market; supercomputer technology AB In this paper we analyze major recent trends and changes in the High Performance Computing (HPC) market place. The introduction of vector computers started the area of 'Super-computing'. The initial success of vector computers in the seventies was driven by raw performance. Massive parallel systems (MPP) became successful in the early nineties due to their better price/performance ratios, which was enabled by the attack of the 'killer-micros'. The success. of microprocessor based on the shared memory concept (referred to as symmetric multiprocessors (SMP)) even for the very high-end systems, was the basis for the emerging cluster concepts in the early 2000s. Within the first half of this decade clusters of PC's and workstations have become the prevalent architecture for many HPC application areas on all ranges of performance. However, the Earth Simulator vector system demonstrated that many scientific applications could benefit greatly from other computer architectures. At the same time there is renewed broad interest in the scientific HPC community for new hardware architectures and new programming paradigms. The IBM BlueGene/L system is one early example of a shifting design focus for large-scale system. The DARPA HPCS program has the declared goal of building a Petaflops computer system by the end of the decade using novel computer architectures. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Mannheim, Ctr Comp, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany. RP Strohmaier, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, CRD, 50F1603, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM erich@top500.org; dongarra@cs.utk.edu; meuer@rz.uni-mannheim.de; simon@nersc.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2005.02.001 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 934LA UT WOS:000229709100001 ER PT J AU Barat, KL AF Barat, KL TI In laser safety, little mistakes can have big consequences SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barat, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM barat1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 56 EP + PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 905LL UT WOS:000227569600013 ER PT J AU Satyam, PV Roy, S Satpati, B Ghatak, J Bhattacharjee, K Kamila, J Dev, BN Wang, J Guico, R Naryanan, S Liu, C Cook, RE Assoufid, L AF Satyam, PV Roy, S Satpati, B Ghatak, J Bhattacharjee, K Kamila, J Dev, BN Wang, J Guico, R Naryanan, S Liu, C Cook, RE Assoufid, L TI Pattern growth of Ge films on PtBA polymer substrates SO PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE patterning; thin film growth; polymers; germanium wires ID COATED SILICON; NANOSTRUCTURES AB A pattern growth of Ge wires is observed on Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) polymer. PtBA polymer of 30 and 100 nm thick has been deposited on silicon substrate using spin coating. Thin films of Ge of various thickness ranging from 0.5 to 7.4 nm were grown using magnetron sputtering and molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been used to determine effective thickness of Ge films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the wire patterns. The wire-like structures were found to be of Ge as detected by energy dispersive X-rays during SEM measurements. TEM measurements show that these Ge wires are single crystalline in nature. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Satyam, PV (reprint author), Inst Phys, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. EM satyam@iopb.res.in RI Roy, Sumalay/F-5175-2014; Satpati, Biswarup/B-5194-2013 OI Roy, Sumalay/0000-0002-7203-167X; Satpati, Biswarup/0000-0003-1175-7562 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD MAR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 239 DI 10.1016/j.physe.2004.11.010 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 908TN UT WOS:000227813200031 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Hoover, CG AF Hoover, WG Hoover, CG TI Searching for auxetics with DYNA3D and ParaDyn SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Methods Dev Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hoover1@llnl.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 242 IS 3 BP 487 EP 487 DI 10.1002/pssb.200590005 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911QR UT WOS:000228020100001 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Hoover, CG AF Hoover, WG Hoover, CG TI Searching for auxetics with DYNA3D and ParaDyn SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Auxetics and Related Systems CY JUN 27-30, 2004 CL Bedlewo, POLAND ID MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS; ELASTIC CONSTANTS; RATIO; ARGON AB We sought to simulate auxetic behavior by carrying out dynamic analyses of mesoscopic model structures. We began by generating nearly periodic cellular structures. Four-node "Shell" elements and eight-node "Brick" elements are the basic building blocks for each cell. The shells and bricks obey standard elastic-plastic continuum mechanics. The dynamical response of the structures was next determined for a three-stage loading process: (1) homogeneous compression; (2) viscous relaxation; (3) uniaxial compression. The simulations were carried out with both serial and parallel computer codes - DYNA3D and Para-Dyn - which describe the deformation of the shells and bricks with a robust contact algorithm. We summarize the results found here. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Methods Dev Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoover, WG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hooverwilliam@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 242 IS 3 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1002/pssb.200460377 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 911QR UT WOS:000228020100017 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI TI Collective decoherence of the superpositional entangled states in the quantum Shor algorithm SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREE SUBSPACES; COMPUTATION; COHERENCE; COMPUTERS; MEMORY; CODES; BITS AB We consider collective decoherence for the quantum Shor algorithm. A quantum computer which interacts with its environment is modeled by a spin-1/2 chain interacting with harmonic oscillators at a given temperature. We calculate the nondiagonal matrix elements of the density matrix which are important for implementation of the quantum Shor algorithm, and study the decay rate and the Lamb phase shift for these elements. It is shown that the probability of superdecoherence in the quantum Shor algorithm is extremely small. The conditions for preserving quantum entanglement are formulated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032346 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032346 PN A PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100061 ER PT J AU Collins, LA Pezze, L Smerzi, A Berman, GP Bishop, AR AF Collins, LA Pezze, L Smerzi, A Berman, GP Bishop, AR TI Double-slit interferometry with a Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHASE; INTERFERENCE; ATOMS; TRANSITION; COHERENCE; SOLITONS; ARRAYS AB A Bose-Einstein "double-slit" interferometer has been recently realized experimentally by Y. Shin , Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 050405 (2004). We analyze the interferometric steps by solving numerically the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in three-dimensional space. We focus on the adiabaticity time scales of the problem and on the creation of spurious collective excitations as a possible source of the strong degradation of the interference pattern observed experimentally. The role of quantum fluctuations is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Trent, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, BEC, CRS, I-38050 Povo, Italy. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Povo, Italy. RP Collins, LA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PEZZE, LUCA/D-5967-2014 OI PEZZE, LUCA/0000-0003-0325-9555 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 033628 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033628 PN B PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400052 ER PT J AU de Jonge, MD Tran, CQ Chantler, CT Barnea, Z Dhal, BB Cookson, DJ Lee, WK Mashayekhi, A AF de Jonge, MD Tran, CQ Chantler, CT Barnea, Z Dhal, BB Cookson, DJ Lee, WK Mashayekhi, A TI Measurement of the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient and determination of the imaginary component of the atomic form factor of molybdenum over the 13.5-41.5-keV energy range SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MATCHED ION CHAMBERS; MONITORING FLUCTUATIONS; INTERNATIONAL-UNION; ABSORPTION; REFLECTION; SCATTERING; MONOCHROMATORS; TABULATION; PRECISION; RADIATION AB We use the x-ray extended-range technique (XERT) [Chantler , Phys. Rev. A 64, 062506 (2001)] to measure the mass attenuation coefficients of molybdenum in the x-ray energy range of 13.5-41.5 keV to 0.02-0.15 % accuracy. Measurements made over an extended range of the measurement parameter space are critically examined to identify, quantify, and correct where necessary a number of experimental systematic errors. These results represent the most extensive experimental data set for molybdenum and include absolute mass attenuation coefficients in the regions of the x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The imaginary component of the atomic form-factor f(2) is derived from the photoelectric absorption after subtracting calculated Rayleigh and Compton scattering cross sections from the total attenuation. Comparison of the result with tabulations of calculated photoelectric absorption coefficients indicates that differences of 1-15 % persist between the calculated and observed values. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Mat CARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RI de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011; Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013; Tran, Chanh/M-7868-2015 OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048; NR 37 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032702 PN A PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100082 ER PT J AU de Lara-Castells, MP Lopez-Duran, D Delgado-Barrio, G Villarreal, P Di Paola, C Gianturco, FA Jellinek, J AF de Lara-Castells, MP Lopez-Duran, D Delgado-Barrio, G Villarreal, P Di Paola, C Gianturco, FA Jellinek, J TI Energies and density distributions of (He-4)(N) clusters doped with Br-2(X): A Hartree-like approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTRA; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; CARBONYL SULFIDE; HELIUM-ATOMS; DYNAMICS; SOLVENT; HE-4; CO; SPECTROSCOPY; POTENTIALS AB Energies and density distributions of the helium atoms in Br-2(X)-(He-4)(N) clusters are calculated using a quantum "Hartree-like" approach in which the dopant molecule and the He-4 atoms play the role of the nuclei and electrons, respectively, of the original Hartree formulation. A detailed generalization of the methodology is presented. The validity of this treatment is assessed by comparing energies and density distributions for N=2 up to N=18 with those obtained by performing quantum diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations. The present Hartree model shows good agreement with the DMC calculations, the main difference being that the DMC density distributions of the He atoms are more isotropic than those generated via the model. The treatment is extended to larger (up to N=60) clusters and saturation effects are analyzed and discussed. C1 CSIC, Inst Mat & Fis Fundamental, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP de Lara-Castells, MP (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Mat & Fis Fundamental, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM delara@imaff.cfmac.csic.es RI de Lara-Castells, Maria Pilar/C-5846-2014; Villarreal, Pablo/K-2397-2014 OI de Lara-Castells, Maria Pilar/0000-0001-8697-5770; NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 033203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033203 PN B PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400004 ER PT J AU Havener, CC Rejoub, R Vane, CR Krause, HF Savin, DW Schnell, M Wang, JG Stancil, PC AF Havener, CC Rejoub, R Vane, CR Krause, HF Savin, DW Schnell, M Wang, JG Stancil, PC TI Electron capture by Ne(4+) ions from atomic hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ENERGIES; COLLISIONS AB Using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ion-atom merged-beams apparatus, the absolute total electron-capture cross section has been measured for collisions of Ne(4+) with hydrogen and deuterium at relative energies in the center-of-mass frame between 0.10 and 1006 eV/u. Comparison with previous measurements shows large discrepancies between 80 and 600 eV/u. For energies below similar to 1 eV/u, a sharply increasing cross section is attributed to the ion-induced dipole attraction between the reactants. Multichannel Landau-Zener calculations are performed between 0.01 and 5000 eV/u and compare well to the measured total cross sections. Below similar to 5 eV/u, the present total cross section calculations show a significant target isotope effect. At 0.01 eV/u, the H:D total cross section ratio is predicted to be similar to 1.4 where capture is dominated by transitions into the Ne(3+) (2s(2)2p(2)3d) configuration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Havener, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM havenercc@ornl.gov RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 034702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.034702 PN B PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400094 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK Golub, R AF Lamoreaux, SK Golub, R TI Detailed discussion of a linear electric field frequency shift induced in confined gases by a magnetic field gradient: Implications for neutron electric-dipole-moment experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED HE-3; RELAXATION AB The search for particle electric dipole moments (EDM's) is one of the best places to look for physics beyond the standard model of electroweak interaction because the size of time reversal violation predicted by the standard model is incompatible with present ideas concerning the creation of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry. As the sensitivity of these EDM searches increases more subtle systematic effects become important. We develop a general analytical approach to describe a systematic effect recently observed in an electric dipole moment experiment using stored particles [J. M. Pendlebury , Phys. Rev. A 70, 032102 (2004)]. Our approach is based on the relationship between the systematic frequency shift and the velocity autocorrelation function of the resonating particles. Our results, when applied to well-known limiting forms of the correlation function, are in good agreement with both the limiting cases studied in recent work that employed a numerical and heuristic analysis. Our general approach explains some of the surprising results observed in that work and displays the rich behavior of the shift for intermediate frequencies, which has not been studied previously. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032104 PN A PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100011 ER PT J AU Negrevergne, C Somma, R Ortiz, G Knill, E Laflamme, R AF Negrevergne, C Somma, R Ortiz, G Knill, E Laflamme, R TI Liquid-state NMR simulations of quantum many-body problems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; UNIVERSAL; COMPUTERS; SYSTEMS; GATES AB Recently developed quantum algorithms suggest that in principle, quantum computers can solve problems such as simulation of physical systems more efficiently than classical computers. Much remains to be done to implement these conceptual ideas into actual quantum computers. As a small-scale demonstration of their capability, we simulate a simple many-fermion problem, the Fano-Anderson model, using liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We carefully designed our experiment so that the resource requirement would scale up polynomially with the size of the quantum system to be simulated. The experimental results obtained give us an insight to the quantum control required when simulating quantum systems with NMR techniques. The simulation of other physical systems, with different particle statistics, is also discussed. C1 Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM camille@iqc.ca NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032344 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032344 PN A PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100059 ER PT J AU Thomas, RD Hellberg, F Neau, A Rosen, S Larsson, M Vane, CR Bannister, ME Datz, S Petrignani, A van der Zande, WJ AF Thomas, RD Hellberg, F Neau, A Rosen, S Larsson, M Vane, CR Bannister, ME Datz, S Petrignani, A van der Zande, WJ TI Three-body fragmentation dynamics of amidogen and methylene radicals via dissociative recombination SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; EXCITED TRIPLET-STATE; BRANCHING RATIOS; CROSS-SECTIONS; CONICAL INTERSECTIONS; ELECTRONIC STATES; POLYATOMIC IONS; MOLECULAR-IONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; NH2 AB We report the investigation into the three-body fragmentation of the triatomic molecules NH2 and CH2 via the process of dissociative recombination (DR). Recently reported analysis of experiments into the DR of the similar system H2O indicated that the DR process is violent, involving a large degree of geometrical change and energy distribution from the initial attachment of the free electron by the parent ion to the final dissociation step. Comparison of data from NH2 and CH2 with that of H2O gives a similar picture of the DR process, though there are significant differences in the results, not only in the branching fraction between the expected decay channels, but also in the distribution of the available reaction energy over the product hydrogen atoms as well as in the molecular geometry at the point of dissociation. C1 Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FOM, Inst AMOLF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM rdt@physto.se RI Petrignani, Annemieke/E-8589-2010; OI Petrignani, Annemieke/0000-0002-6116-5867; Bannister, Mark E./0000-0002-9572-8154 NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032711 PN A PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100091 ER PT J AU Wei, TC Altepeter, JB Branning, D Goldbart, PM James, DFV Jeffrey, E Kwiat, PG Mukhopadhyay, S Peters, NA AF Wei, TC Altepeter, JB Branning, D Goldbart, PM James, DFV Jeffrey, E Kwiat, PG Mukhopadhyay, S Peters, NA TI Synthesizing arbitrary two-photon polarization mixed states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT PURIFICATION; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; DOWN-CONVERSION; QUBITS AB Two methods for creating arbitrary two-photon polarization pure states are introduced. Based on these, four schemes for creating two-photon polarization mixed states are proposed and analyzed. The first two schemes can synthesize completely arbitrary two-qubit mixed states, i.e., control all 15 free parameters: scheme I requires several sets of crystals, while scheme II requires only a single set, but relies on decohering the pump beam. Additionally, we describe two further schemes which are much easier to implement. Although the total capability of these is still being studied, we show that they can synthesize all two-qubit Werner states, maximally entangled mixed states, Collins-Gisin states, and arbitrary Bell-diagonal states. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wei, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009; Peters, Nicholas/F-2530-2010 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602; Peters, Nicholas/0000-0002-7215-9630 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032329 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032329 PN A PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100044 ER PT J AU Aligia, AA Batista, CD AF Aligia, AA Batista, CD TI Dimerized phase of ionic Hubbard models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; STRONG ELECTRON CORRELATION; STATE VERTEX MODELS; ONE-DIMENSION; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; LOOP ALGORITHMS; MOTT INSULATOR; BAND INSULATOR; QUANTUM PHASE; SPIN AB We derive an effective Hamiltonian for the ionic Hubbard model at half filling, extended to include nearest-neighbor repulsion. Using a spin-particle transformation, the effective model is mapped onto simple spin-1 models in two particular cases. Using another spin-particle transformation, a slightly modified model is mapped into an SU(3) antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model whose exact ground state is known to be spontaneously dimerized. From the effective. models several properties of the dimerized phase are discussed, like ferroelectricity and fractional charge excitations. Using bosonization and recent developments in the theory of macroscopic polarization, we show that the polarization is proportional to the charge of the elementary excitations. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 125110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.125110 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923QB UT WOS:000228923300036 ER PT J AU Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Borysenko, SA AF Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Borysenko, SA TI Controlling the spin polarization of the electron current in a semimagnetic resonant-tunneling diode SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE BUILDUP; INTRINSIC BISTABILITY; ZNSE/ZN1-XMNXSE HETEROSTRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES; TRANSPORT; INJECTION AB The spin filtering effect of the electron current in a double-barrier resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) consisting of Zn1-xMnxSe semimagnetic layers has been studied theoretically. The influence of the distribution of the magnesium ions on the coefficient of the spin polarization of the electron current has been investigated. The dependence of the spin filtering degree of the electron current on the external magnetic field and the bias voltage has been obtained. The effect of the total spin polarization of the electron current has been predicted. This effect is characterized by total suppression of the spin-up component of electron current, which takes place when the Fermi level coincides with the lowest Landau level for spin-up electrons in the RTD semimagnetic emitter. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Usikov Inst Radiophys & Elect, UA-61085 Kharkov, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beletskii, NN (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Usikov Inst Radiophys & Elect, 12 Acad Proskura Str, UA-61085 Kharkov, Ukraine. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 125325 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.125325 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923QB UT WOS:000228923300098 ER PT J AU Boriskov, GV Bykov, AI Il'kaev, RI Selemir, VD Simakov, GV Trunin, RF Urlin, VD Shuikin, AN Nellis, WJ AF Boriskov, GV Bykov, AI Il'kaev, RI Selemir, VD Simakov, GV Trunin, RF Urlin, VD Shuikin, AN Nellis, WJ TI Shock compression of liquid deuterium up to 109 GPa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; STATE; PRESSURE; HYDROGEN; ALUMINUM; HUGONIOT; KBAR AB Hugoniot points of liquid D-2 were measured at shock pressures of 107, 54, and 28 GPa using converging explosively driven systems (CSs). The two data sets measured with a laser (L) and pulsed currents (PCs) differ substantially. Our results are in excellent agreement with the PC data and the error bars of the CS-PC data are less than half those of the L data. The limiting compression obtained from the best fit to the CS-PC data is 4.30 +/- 0.10 at 100 GPa. The CS-PC data are in good agreement with path integral Monte Carlo and density functional theory calculations, which is expected to be the case at even higher shock temperatures and pressures, as well. C1 All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. NR 25 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 092104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.092104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100004 ER PT J AU Cogoni, M Uberuaga, BP Voter, AF Colombo, L AF Cogoni, M Uberuaga, BP Voter, AF Colombo, L TI Diffusion of small self-interstitial clusters in silicon: Temperature-accelerated tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT ENHANCED DIFFUSION; ION-IMPLANTED SILICON; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; EXTENDED DEFECTS; POINT-DEFECTS; SADDLE-POINTS; SI; ENERGETICS; STABILITY AB Temperature-accelerated tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations show that self-interstitial clusters formed from two and three defects are mobile species. In particular, the di-interstitial (I-2) cluster is found to diffuse nearly as fast as the single self-interstitial (dumbbell) over a wide temperature range. In particular, at room temperature I-2 is found to diffuse at a rate similar to the dumbbell, thus making an important contribution to silicon self-diffusion at temperatures relevant for silicon bulk processing. The simulations also reveal the atomistic mechanisms responsible for the defects' mobility, showing that the I-2 cluster must be promoted to a metastable state in which it executes several diffusive events before decaying to a new ground-state configuration equivalent to the initial one. C1 Univ Cagliari, Sardinian Lab Computat Mat Sci, INFM, SLACS, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colombo, L (reprint author), Univ Cagliari, Sardinian Lab Computat Mat Sci, INFM, SLACS, Cittadella Univ, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. EM luciano.colombo@dsf.unica.it RI Colombo, Luciano/D-9013-2013; OI Colombo, Luciano/0000-0001-5335-4652; Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 121203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.121203 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923QB UT WOS:000228923300009 ER PT J AU Cox, E Li, MZ Chung, PW Ghosh, C Rahman, TS Jenks, CJ Evans, JW Thiel, PA AF Cox, E Li, MZ Chung, PW Ghosh, C Rahman, TS Jenks, CJ Evans, JW Thiel, PA TI Temperature dependence of island growth shapes during submonolayer deposition of Ag on Ag(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; BY-LAYER GROWTH; METAL EPITAXY; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; EDGE DIFFUSION; SURFACES; ORIGIN AB Growth shapes of Ag islands formed on Ag(111) during submonolayer deposition at different temperatures were studied with scanning tunneling microscopy, and analyzed via kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of a suitable atomistic lattice-gas model. Distinct shape transitions can be observed, from dendrites with triangular envelopes at low temperatures (below 140 K) to more isotropic fat fractal islands at intermediate temperatures, and then to distorted hexagonal shapes with longer B steps and shorter A steps at higher temperatures (above 170 K). In contrast, the equilibrium island shapes in this system are almost perfect hexagons displaying a near-sixfold symmetry. Modeling reveals that the broken symmetry of growth shapes at low and high temperatures derives from the interplay of diffusion-mediated aggregation with different aspects of a corner diffusion anisotropy. The broken symmetry is less clear at intermediate temperatures, where the near-isotropic fractal shapes reflect in part a kink Ehrlich-Schwoebel effect. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, MZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM maozhi@scl.ameslab.gov NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 115414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.115414 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GL UT WOS:000228065500123 ER EF