FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Sweikart, MA Herring, AM Turner, JA Williamson, DL McCloskey, BD Boonrueng, SR Sanchez, M AF Sweikart, MA Herring, AM Turner, JA Williamson, DL McCloskey, BD Boonrueng, SR Sanchez, M TI 12-tungstophosphoric acid composites with sulfonated or unsulfonated epoxies for high-temperature PEMFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; PROTON CONDUCTOR; MEMBRANES; OPERATION; H3PW12O40 AB The use of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) as the ionomer in high temperature, >100 degreesC, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was investigated. Since HPW is a crystalline solid, the material is more conveniently studied in membranes fabricated from composites of polymers and HPW. A commercially available high-temperature epoxy was chosen as the polymer for our initial studies. The ionomer was added, either by mixing the HPW with the uncured epoxy or by soaking a cured epoxy membrane in an aqueous solution of HPW. Sulfonated and unsulfonated epoxy membranes, with and without HPW, were fabricated. The structure of the composite membranes was characterized using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Fuel cell polarization curves were obtained for the membranes under varying conditions of temperature and humidification. A trend of increasing current density was noted with increasing temperature for the HPW-doped sulfonated epoxy membrane. All of the membranes exhibited sufficient mechanical strength to 165 degreesC. Where the sulfonated epoxy, without HPW, failed at temperatures above 165 degreesC, the sulfonated membranes with HPW functioned in the fuel cell to less than or equal to 200 degreesC. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastruct Technol Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sweikart, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastruct Technol Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu RI Herring, Andy/E-7088-2010; McCloskey, Bryan/A-6556-2015; OI McCloskey, Bryan/0000-0001-6599-2336; Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A98 EP A103 DI 10.1149/1.1830352 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900016 ER PT J AU Wang, CW Sastry, AM Striebel, KA Zaghib, K AF Wang, CW Sastry, AM Striebel, KA Zaghib, K TI Extraction of layerwise conductivities in carbon-enhanced, multilayered LiFePO4 cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE CORRECTION FACTORS; LI ION BATTERIES; BLACK DISTRIBUTION AB We performed experimental studies to determine electronic properties of multilayered LiFePO4 cathodes in order to quantify reductions in LiFePO4 matrix resistivity and/or contact resistances between matrices and current collectors by addition of carbon black and graphite. In order to extract these layerwise and interlayer properties, we extended the Schumann-Gardner approach to analysis of a four-point probe experiment and solved the resulting coupled nonlinear equations numerically. We studied five cathodes with varying amounts (3-12 wt %) and types (carbon black, graphite) of conductive additives. LiFePO4 particles within the electrodes were precoated with carbon before mixing with additives and binder. Experimental results showed reductions of similar to 62% in electrical resistivities of LiFePO4 matrix with addition of carbon black from 3 to 10 wt %; addition of graphite additives produced only small reductions. For concentrations above 6 wt % of conductive additives, homogeneous electronic resistivities were observed. Contact resistances at interfaces between LiFePO4 matrix and carbon coating of current collector and between carbon coating and current collector were similar in all cases, indicating consistency in manufacturing. Future work will focus on combining models for capacitive loss with models for conductive properties, along with experimental verifications. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biomed Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. RP Sastry, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM amsastry@umich.edu RI Shin, Hosop/B-7381-2015 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 5 BP A1001 EP A1010 DI 10.1149/1.1890766 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918EA UT WOS:000228521400023 ER PT J AU Xie, J Wood, DL More, KL Atanassov, P Borup, RL AF Xie, J Wood, DL More, KL Atanassov, P Borup, RL TI Microstructural changes of membrane electrode assemblies during PEFC durability testing at high humidity conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM LOADING ELECTRODES; FUEL-CELL PERFORMANCE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; CATALYST LAYERS; POLYMER; METAL; PEMFC; RESISTIVITIES AB Morphological changes occurring in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) during the course of life testing of H-2/air polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In the fresh catalyst layers, anode Pt particles were found to have smaller particle sizes, better dispersion, and less agglomeration on the carbon-support surfaces than did the cathode Pt3Cr alloy particles. The operation- induced agglomeration of catalyst particles was evaluated for both the anode and cathode after defined life testing periods. Agglomeration of catalyst particles occurred primarily during the first 500 h of testing, which was confirmed by both TEM analysis and electrocatalytic surface area measurement. After 500 h, degradation of the recast Nafion ionomer network within the catalyst layers likely contributes more significantly to MEA performance degradation. Migration of metal catalyst particles toward the interface between the catalyst layer and membrane was observed at both electrodes. The Pt anode catalyst was less stable than the Pt3Cr cathode catalyst under high current density and high humidity conditions, which was confirmed by the higher extent of migration observed for the pure Pt than for the Pt3Cr. Some Pt particles (from both electrodes) were found to migrate into the membrane during the testing period. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Corros Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xie, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jianxie@lanl.gov RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Wood, David/0000-0002-2471-4214 NR 53 TC 229 Z9 234 U1 13 U2 88 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 5 BP A1011 EP A1020 DI 10.1149/1.1873492 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918EA UT WOS:000228521400024 ER PT J AU Xie, J Wood, DL Wayne, DM Zawodzinski, TA Atanassov, P Borup, RL AF Xie, J Wood, DL Wayne, DM Zawodzinski, TA Atanassov, P Borup, RL TI Durability of PEFCs at high humidity conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; AC-IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; PEMFC; RESISTIVITIES; PLATINUM AB This work addresses issues of long-term durability of hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The chromium in a Pt3Cr binary alloy catalyst has been found to migrate from cathode to anode during the course of life testing when operating within the oversaturated, or high-humidity, gas feed regime (one or both inlet feeds with a dew point equal to or higher than cell operating temperature! above 1 A/cm(2) current density. Other major factors such as membrane degradation, dissolution of catalyst-layer recast ionomer, catalyst oxidation, and catalyst agglomeration/growth have been identified as simultaneous, gradual processes that can lead to long-term PEFC failure. In situ cyclic voltammetry measurement of electrochemically active catalyst surface area shows a continuous decrease, revealing that catalyst agglomeration and/or growth may be a major cause of membrane electrode assembly degradation during middle-term life tests (i.e., operation times up to about 2000 h) under high-humidity conditions. Membrane and/or recast ionomer degradation was confirmed by the presence of fluoride and sulfate anions in the cathode outlet water. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy observation of a tested MEA suggest the loss of carbon-supported catalyst clusters and possible dissolution of recast Nafion ionomer. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pit Disposit Sci & Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Xie, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jianxie@lanl.gov RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; OI Wood, David/0000-0002-2471-4214 NR 31 TC 253 Z9 257 U1 12 U2 88 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A104 EP A113 DI 10.1149/1.1830355 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900017 ER PT J AU Yang, H Bang, H Amine, K Prakash, J AF Yang, H Bang, H Amine, K Prakash, J TI Investigations of the exothermic reactions of natural graphite anode for Li-ion batteries during thermal runaway SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; CARBON INTERCALATION ANODES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; CATHODE MATERIALS; SAFETY TESTS; METAL ANODES; STABILITY AB Advances in the comparative study of the thermal behavior of graphite during the thermal runaway process are reviewed. The differential scanning calorimeter was used to evaluate the thermal runaway behavior of natural graphite (Mag-10) electrode material with different amounts of intercalated lithium ions. The effect of the polyvinylidene fluoride binder on the thermal behavior of a fully lithiated sample was also investigated. This is the first time it has been noted that graphite loses its structure with more than 0.7 intercalated lithium when electrolyte is present at high temperature by detecting the existence of (002) graphite X-ray diffraction peak. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM prakash@iit.edu RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Yang, Hui/B-3249-2012 OI Yang, Hui/0000-0003-4035-8894 NR 52 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 8 U2 60 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP A73 EP A79 DI 10.1149/1.1836126 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900012 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Xia, GG Simner, SP Stevenson, JW AF Yang, ZG Xia, GG Simner, SP Stevenson, JW TI Thermal growth and performance of manganese cobaltite spinel protection layers on ferritic stainless steel SOFC interconnects SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; CATHODE; SYSTEM; ALLOYS; CONDUCTIVITY; REDUCTION; SEPARATOR AB To protect solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) from chromium poisoning and improve metallic interconnect stability, manganese cobaltite spinel protection layers with a nominal composition of Mn(1.5)Co(1.5)O(4) were thermally grown on Crofer22 APU, a ferritic stainless steel. Thermal, electrical, and electrochemical investigations indicated that the spinel protection layers not only significantly decreased the contact area specific resistance (ASR) between a LSF cathode and the stainless steel interconnect, but also inhibited the subscale growth on the stainless steel by acting as a barrier to the inward diffusion of oxygen. A long-term thermal cycling test demonstrated excellent structural and thermomechanical stability of these spinel protection layers, which also acted as a barrier to outward chromium cation diffusion to the interconnect surface. The reduction in the contact ASR and prevention of Cr migration achieved by application of the spinel protection layers on the cathode side of ferritic stainless steel interconnects resulted in improved stability and electrochemical performance of SOFCs. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov NR 37 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 9 BP A1896 EP A1901 DI 10.1149/1.1990462 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 953HD UT WOS:000231066300030 ER PT J AU Ilevbare, GO King, KJ Gordon, SR Elayat, HA Gdowski, GE Gdowski, TSE AF Ilevbare, GO King, KJ Gordon, SR Elayat, HA Gdowski, GE Gdowski, TSE TI Effect of nitrate on the repassivation potential of alloy 22 in chloride-containing environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PITTING CORROSION INHIBITION; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; LOCALIZED CORROSION; CRACKING BEHAVIOR; IRON; NITROGEN; ACID; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; NICKEL AB The study of alloy 22 was undertaken in several selected mixed nitrate/chloride (NO3-/Cl-) electrolytes with chloride concentrations [Cl-] of 1.0, 3.5, and 6.0 molal with [NO3-]/[Cl-] ratios of 0.05, 0.15, and 0.5 at temperatures up to 100 degrees C. The repassivation potentials increased with an increase in [NO3-]/[Cl-] ratio and decreased with an increase in temperature. The absolute [Cl-] was found to have less of an effect on the repassivation potential compared with temperature and the [NO3-]/[Cl-]. Regression analyses were carried out to describe the relationship between the repassivation potential, temperature, [Cl-], and [NO3-] for the conditions tested. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ilevbare, GO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gilevbare@hotmail.com NR 50 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 12 BP B547 EP B554 DI 10.1149/1.2104067 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 981MP UT WOS:000233093000032 ER PT J AU Isaacs, HS Sasaki, K Jeffcoate, CS Laget, V Buchheit, R AF Isaacs, HS Sasaki, K Jeffcoate, CS Laget, V Buchheit, R TI Formation of chromate conversion coatings on aluminum and its alloys - An in situ XANES study SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CHEMICAL CONVERSION; PASSIVE FILM; CHROMIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; OXIDE; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; LAYER AB In situ X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) has been used to investigate the formation of chromate conversion coatings on pure Al, commercial Al alloys (AA 1100, AA2024, and AA7075), and a series of binary Al-Cu alloys. The method employed cells designed to determine the growth of the total chromium [Cr(total)] and hexavalent chromate [Cr(VI)] in the chromate conversion coating (CCC) as a function of exposure time to a chromate solution. Three sets of data were obtained, where (i) the Al was exposed to only a limited amount of solution; (ii) the chromate solution was excluded after short periods of repeated exposures to the solution; and (iii) the Al was exposed continuously to the chromate solution. All the results showed a very rapid initial growth within the first seconds, followed by a continued increase in thickness for exposures up to 1 h. Measurements with Al-Cu binary alloys demonstrated that the difference observed in AA2024 and AA1100 may not be due to Cu alloying. The proportion of Cr(VI) in the coatings becomes approximately constant after 180 s of exposure for all the specimens examined, even though the coatings continued to grow. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ohio State Univ, Fontana Corros Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 11 BP B441 EP B447 DI 10.1149/1.2041027 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 982BW UT WOS:000233133700025 ER PT J AU Lu, WQ Zhang, J Kaufman, F Hillier, AC AF Lu, WQ Zhang, J Kaufman, F Hillier, AC TI A combined triboelectrochemical QCM for studies of the CMP of copper SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION; OXIDE DAMASCENE STRUCTURES; CORROSION; PEROXIDE; GLYCINE; MEDIA; METALLIZATION; INHIBITORS; EVOLUTION; REMOVAL AB In order to improve our understanding of the fundamental surface processes associated with the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of metals, we have developed an experimental tool that combines the high resolution mass sensing capabilities of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with a triboelectrochemical testing system. A electrochemical QCM is combined with a polishing tool and force sensor in order to perform controlled surface abrasion while simultaneously monitoring mass changes and electrochemical signals at the metal/solution interface. This system can be used to simulate a metal polishing process with in situ surface measurement capabilities. Typical parameters that can be measured include etch rates, polishing rates, and repassivation kinetics via changes in the resonance frequency of the quartz crystal before, during, and after polishing. Simultaneous measurements of electrochemical parameters, such as the electrode current or open circuit potential, provide a direct correlation between polishing parameters and electrochemical signals. The behavior of copper in various solutions illustrates the capabilities of this technique and highlights the complexities of the metal polishing process. The influence of pH, benzotriazole, peroxide, and several slurry chemistries are examined. (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cabot Microelect, Aurora, IL 60504 USA. RP Lu, WQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hillier@iastate.edu RI Hillier, Andrew/E-7495-2011 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP B17 EP B22 DI 10.1149/1.1836124 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900042 ER PT J AU Serna, LM Johnson, CM Wall, FD Barbour, JC AF Serna, LM Johnson, CM Wall, FD Barbour, JC TI Effect of implanted Cl and deposited oxides on the pitting behavior of aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PIT INITIATION; BREAKDOWN; CHLORIDE; CORROSION; FILMS; IONS; PASSIVITY; KINETICS; METALS; MODEL AB Insight into the influence of Cl on the pitting behavior of aluminum has been gained using a combination of ion implantation and oxide deposition. High-purity Al thin-film samples were implanted with 35 keV Cl+ followed by plasma deposition of an aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The pitting potential of unimplanted areas in 50 mM NaCl increased with increasing deposited oxide thickness (0, 80, 140 A). For implanted areas, polarization in 50 mM NaCl resulted in pitting that was insensitive to oxide thickness and implant fluence above a critical level. By comparison, polarization in 50 mM K2SO4 resulted in pitting which exhibited a dependence on both deposited oxide thickness and implant fluence. Finally, the effect of the Cl source (solution, implantation, or both) on the pitting behavior of Al with a deposited oxide was examined. These results are used to support the hypothesis that both a critical chlorine distribution and oxide modification are contributing factors to pit nucleation. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serna, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lmserna@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 7 BP B244 EP B249 DI 10.1149/1.1924308 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 936MC UT WOS:000229859100029 ER PT J AU Takeuchi, K Nishijima, A Ui, K Koura, N Loong, CK AF Takeuchi, K Nishijima, A Ui, K Koura, N Loong, CK TI Corrosion behavior of Fe-Cr alloys in Li2CO3-K2CO3 molten carbonate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NI ALLOYS; STAINLESS-STEEL; AC IMPEDANCE; FUEL-CELL; IRON; MELT; LI AB The corrosion in binary alloys, Fe-16 wt % Cr, Fe-20 wt % Cr, and Fe-25 wt % Cr, by 42.7/57.3, 50.0/50.0, and 62.0/38.0 mol % Li2CO3/K2CO3 melts was investigated by immersion tests and AC impedance measurements. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray microanalysis, and chemical analysis were applied to characterize the structure and chemical composition of the corrosion products. The corrosion products contain an outer LiFeO2, an inner LiCrO2, and a middle mixed LiFeO2-LiCrO2 layer. The thickness of the outer and midlayer decreases with increasing Cr content. The overall result shows that the 50/50 melt causes the least corrosion to the alloys, and for each melt the alloys of larger Cr contents have higher corrosion resistance. The AC impedance data were analyzed by a corrosion model in terms of a parameterized equivalent circuit. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Takeuchi, K (reprint author), Sci Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. EM koura@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 9 BP B364 EP B368 DI 10.1149/1.1955168 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 953HD UT WOS:000231066300038 ER PT J AU Wang, HL Teeter, G Turner, J AF Wang, HL Teeter, G Turner, J TI Investigation of a duplex stainless steel as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plate material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE FILMS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ALLOYS; XPS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOLYBDENUM; BEHAVIOR AB Duplex 2205 stainless steel was investigated in a simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment; stable passive films formed quickly under these conditions. The interfacial contact resistance (ICR) values for 2205 steel with the air-formed film were identical to those for 349 (TM) and lower than those for ATSI446 steel. The ICR values for the passive film formed in a simulated PEMFC anode environment were lower than those for the passive film formed in the cathode environment, but both were higher than those for air-formed film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the passive films were mainly Cr2O3 while the air-formed film was composed of Fe-oxides and Cr2O3. An estimate of the thickness of the surface films was made. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM john_tumer@nrel.gov RI 李, 应辉/A-7739-2011 NR 37 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP B99 EP B104 DI 10.1149/1.1854612 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 905YI UT WOS:000227607300029 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Winget, B Doeff, M Evans, JW Devine, TM AF Zhang, XY Winget, B Doeff, M Evans, JW Devine, TM TI Corrosion of aluminum current collectors in lithium-ion batteries with electrolytes containing LiPF6 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; MANGANESE OXIDE; BEHAVIOR; LIFEPO4; SALTS; PERFORMANCE; REACTIVITY; CARBONATE AB Aluminum current collectors for cathodes in 61 life-tested lithium-ion batteries were microscopically examined for evidence of corrosion. In addition, galvanostatic anodic polarization tests were conducted in LiPF6-containing battery electrolytes on samples of bare aluminum, of aluminum coated with a LiFePO4 cathode, and of aluminum affixed with polyethylene crevices. The results indicate that aluminum current collectors are susceptible to corrosion, which most likely occurs as underdeposit corrosion at pores in the cathode. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Environm & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Devine@berkeley.edu RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 33 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 11 BP B448 EP B454 DI 10.1149/1.2041867 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 982BW UT WOS:000233133700026 ER PT J AU Bray, KR Zhao, W Kordas, L Wise, R Robinson, M Rozgonyi, G AF Bray, KR Zhao, W Kordas, L Wise, R Robinson, M Rozgonyi, G TI Electrical, structural, and chemical analysis of defects in epitaxial SiGe-based heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RELAXED GESI FILMS; MISFIT DISLOCATIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; HIGH-QUALITY; LAYERS; SILICON; RECOMBINATION; CONTAMINATION; OXIDATION; SI1-XGEX AB The electrical and structural properties of defects in epitaxial Si/SiGe with Ge content from 5 to 41% are investigated using electron-beam-induced current contrast measurements and bevel polishing with preferential defect etching. At room temperature, no electrical activity of misfit and threading dislocations is evident for wafers with 14, 21, and 41% Ge, while at 105 K a crossgrid array of misfit dislocations is observed on all these wafers and shallow level traps from threading dislocation defects are seen on the 41% Ge wafer. Thermal treatments reduce the electrical activity of the defects. Bevel polishing and preferential chemical etching with the Wright and Secco etches are utilized to analyze the dislocation density and distribution throughout the hetero-structure. The etch chemistry difference between Si and SiGe is characterized as a function of Ge content to correctly interpret results. The etch rate increases with increasing Ge concentration up to 15% Ge, then saturates at a rate of similar to 3 mu m/min for higher Ge values, which is about 3 times that for an unstrained Si substrate. The etch rate is strongly dependent on the defect concentration, stress, and defect density in the layers. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. Lawrence Semicond Res Lab, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. RP Bray, KR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kevin.bray@byu.edu NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 5 BP C310 EP C315 DI 10.1149/1.1877952 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918EA UT WOS:000228521400036 ER PT J AU Varanasi, VG Besmann, TM Anderson, TJ AF Varanasi, VG Besmann, TM Anderson, TJ TI Equilibrium analysis of CVD of yttria-stabilized zirconia SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZRCL4-H2-CO2-AR GAS-MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH; KINETICS; PERFORMANCE; CERAMICS; DESIGN; SYSTEM; Y2O3 AB The calculations performed in this study indicate that efficient deposition of tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is feasible using metal chloride precursors (Zr-Y-C-O-H-Cl system). As reported in the literature, this work demonstrates that high oxygen content is necessary to efficiently utilize metal chloride precursors for depositing tetragonal YSZ with CVD. Unwanted carbon impurities can be avoided by using a low hydrogen to carbon ratio (inlet H/C > 1), high temperatures (T greater than or equal to 500degreesC), and low pressures (P less than or equal to 1 bar). (C) 2004 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Surface Proc & Mech Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Varanasi, VG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM besmanntm@ornl.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 1 BP C7 EP C14 DI 10.1149/1.1828951 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 881JX UT WOS:000225864900046 ER PT J AU Ager, JW Beeman, JW Hansen, WL Haller, EE Sharp, ID Liao, C Yang, A Thewalt, MLW Riemann, H AF Ager, JW Beeman, JW Hansen, WL Haller, EE Sharp, ID Liao, C Yang, A Thewalt, MLW Riemann, H TI High-purity, isotopically enriched bulk silicon SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH AB The synthesis and characterization of dislocation-free, undoped, single crystals of Si enriched in all three stable isotopes is reported: Si-28 (99.92%), Si-29 (91.37%), and Si-30 (89.8%). A silane-based process compatible with the relatively small amounts of isotopically enriched precursors that are practically available was used. The silane is decomposed to silicon on a graphite starter rod heated to 700-750 degrees C in a recirculating flow reactor. A typical run produces 35 g of polycrystalline Si at a growth rate of 5 mu m/min and the silane to Si conversion efficiency exceeds 95%. Single crystals are grown by the float-zone method and characterized by electrical and optical measurements. Concentrations of shallow dopants (P and B) are as low as mid-10(13) cm(-3). Concentrations of C and O can be lower than 10(16) and 10(15) cm(-3), respectively. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Inst Kristallzuchtung, Berlin, Germany. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EEHaller@lbl.gov RI Thewalt, Michael/B-3534-2008; Sharp, Ian/I-6163-2015; OI Thewalt, Michael/0000-0002-5806-0618; Sharp, Ian/0000-0001-5238-7487; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP G448 EP G451 DI 10.1149/1.1901674 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300073 ER PT J AU Al-Barghouti, M Abu-Safe, H Naseem, H Brown, WD Al-Jassim, M AF Al-Barghouti, M Abu-Safe, H Naseem, H Brown, WD Al-Jassim, M TI The effects of an oxide layer on the kinetics of metal-induced crystallization of a-Si : H SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; INDUCED LATERAL CRYSTALLIZATION; HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; INTERFACE; EXCHANGE AB The effect of a native silicon dioxide layer on metal-induced crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) was investigated. Several samples, deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique, were exposed to different ambients for different times to allow for the growth of SiO2 layers of different thicknesses. Then, aluminum was used to crystallize the samples using metal-induced crystallization at temperatures far below the solid-phase crystallization temperature of a-Si. In this study, we focused on the effects of the native oxide layer on crystallization and crystallization rates of the samples, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Following crystallization, scanning electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to examine and compare the morphology and chemical composition of the surface of the different samples. Finally, an explanation of the findings is presented. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Al-Barghouti, M (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM marwan_albarghouti@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 5 BP G354 EP G360 DI 10.1149/1.1878353 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918EA UT WOS:000228521400056 ER PT J AU Hilali, MM Al Jassim, MM To, B Moutinho, H Rohatgi, A Asher, S AF Hilali, MM Al Jassim, MM To, B Moutinho, H Rohatgi, A Asher, S TI Understanding the formation and temperature dependence of thick-film Ag contacts on high-sheet-resistance Si emitters for solar cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Physical and electrical properties of screen-printed Ag thick-film contacts were studied and correlated to understand and achieve good-quality ohmic contacts to high-sheet-resistance emitters for solar cells. Analytical microscopy and surface analysis techniques were used to study the Ag-Si contact interface of three different screen-printed Ag pastes (A, B, and PV168) subjected to high (similar to 835 degrees C) and conventional (740-750 degrees C) temperature firing conditions. At similar to 750 degrees C firing, all three pastes failed on a 100 Omega/square emitter because of incomplete etching of the silicon nitride film (PV168), an irregular small distribution of regrown Ag crystallites (paste A), or an excessive diffusion of Ag into the p-n junction (paste B). At a firing temperature of similar to 835 degrees C, paste A gave a lower open-circuit voltage because of the diffusion of Al from the glass frit into the emitter region. Paste B failed because of the formation of very large (0.3-1 mu m) Ag crystallites that shunted the p-n junction. Of the three pastes, the PV168 paste from DuPont gave the best contact quality on a 100 Omega/square emitter with a solar cell fill factor of 0.782 only after annealing in a hydrogen atmosphere. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Excellence Photovoltaics Res & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rohatgi, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Excellence Photovoltaics Res & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mhilali@adventsolar.com NR 31 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 10 BP G742 EP G749 DI 10.1149/1.2001507 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 959XR UT WOS:000231553300068 ER PT J AU Park, NM Kim, TY Kim, KH Sung, GY Kim, BH Park, SJ Cho, KS Shin, JH Lee, JK Nastasi, M AF Park, NM Kim, TY Kim, KH Sung, GY Kim, BH Park, SJ Cho, KS Shin, JH Lee, JK Nastasi, M TI Effect of amorphous Si quantum-dot size on 1.54 mu m luminescence of Er SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ERBIUM-DOPED SILICON; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; SUPERLATTICES; NANOCRYSTALS AB The role of the size of amorphous silicon quantum dots in the Er luminescence at 1.54 μ m was investigated. As the dot size was increased, more Er ions were located near one dot due to its large surface area and more Er ions interacted with other ones. This Er-Er interaction caused a weak photoluminescence intensity, despite the increase in the effective excitation cross section. The critical dot size needed to take advantage of the positive effect on Er luminescence is considered to be about 2.0 nm, below which a small dot is very effective in the efficient luminescence of Er. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Basic Res Lab, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, NM (reprint author), Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Basic Res Lab, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM nmpark@etri.re.kr RI Shin, Jung Hoon/C-1551-2011; jiseon, seo/N-1516-2015 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP G445 EP G447 DI 10.1149/1.1901662 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300072 ER PT J AU Martin, LP Glass, RS AF Martin, LP Glass, RS TI Hydrogen sensor based on YSZ electrolyte and tin-doped indium oxide electrode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE AB A solid-state electrochemical sensor has been developed for hydrogen leak detection in ambient air. The sensor uses an yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte with one tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and one Pt electrode. Excellent sensitivity, and response time <= 1 s, are reported for hydrogen gas in the concentration range of 0.03 to 5.5% in air. Cross-sensitivity to water vapor and CO2 are shown to be low. The response to methane, a potentially significant source of interference for such a sensor, is significantly smaller than that for hydrogen. The sensor shows good reproducibility and was unaffected by thermal cycling over the course of this investigation (similar to 240 h of operation). The effects of ITO electrode thickness and thermal aging, and the sensing mechanism, are discussed. The sensor is intended for monitoring potential hydrogen leakage in vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Martin, LP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM martin89@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 4 BP H43 EP H47 DI 10.1149/1.1861177 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 918DZ UT WOS:000228521200069 ER PT J AU Parkhutik, V Matveeva, E Makushok, Y Rayon, E Richardson, TJ AF Parkhutik, V Matveeva, E Makushok, Y Rayon, E Richardson, TJ TI Optical and electrical properties of Mg/Ni alloy subjected to electrochemical hydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; THIN-FILMS; TRANSITION AB The work is aimed at studying properties of the Mg-Ni alloy thin film during electrochemical hydrogenation in an alkaline electrolyte. We have simultaneously measured the kinetics of the cathodic processes under galvanostatic conditions and changes in optical transmission. We have performed in situ ac impedance measurements of gradually hydrogenated films to monitor changes in their electrical properties. Mg-Ni alloys demonstrate high optical contrast during electrochemical hydrogenation due to switching between reflective and transparent states, excellent reversibility of the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reaction, and fair service time. The value of the ac impedance technique for studying the complex electrical processes accompanying the incorporation of hydrogen into active metals and alloys is demonstrated. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Ctr Mat & Technol Microfabricat, Dept Mat Sci, Valencia 46022, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Politecn Valencia, Ctr Mat & Technol Microfabricat, Dept Mat Sci, Valencia 46022, Spain. EM vitali@upvnet.upv.es NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 12 BP H209 EP H212 DI 10.1149/1.2083107 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 981MP UT WOS:000233093000069 ER PT J AU West, DL Montgomery, FC Armstrong, TR AF West, DL Montgomery, FC Armstrong, TR TI Electrically biased NOx sensing elements with coplanar electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SENSORS; OXIDE; GASES AB Fabrication and characterization of electrically biased NOx sensing elements operative at 500-600&DEG; C are described. The sensing elements were produced by screen-printing Pt and transition metal oxide electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates. DC electrical biasing greatly enhanced the response of the sensing elements to nitric oxide (NO), with voltage changes on the order of 10% observed as the sensing response to 450 ppmv NO at 600&DEG; C and 7 vol % O-2. Voltage and current biasing techniques were employed with a sensing element using NiCr2O4 as the oxide, and the computed changes in resistance due to NO were nearly identical, suggesting that the response mechanism of the elements is a change in dc electrical resistance. The sensing response was minimally affected by O-2 concentrations between 7 and 20 vol % at [NO] concentration levels from 0 to 1500 ppmv. These sensing elements and techniques may be useful in sensors for measuring [NO] at temperatures near 600&DEG; C. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP West, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM westdl@ornl.gov RI West, David/A-3414-2009 OI West, David/0000-0002-1265-9350 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP H74 EP H79 DI 10.1149/1.1901003 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300087 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS AF Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS TI Novel metal-ceramic joining for planar SOFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURE AB A novel method of ceramic-to-metal joining, referred to as reactive air brazing, was investigated as a potential method of sealing planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In the present study, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and Fecralloy were selected as subject materials to simulate the cell-to-frame seal in planar SOFC. YSZ plates were joined with Fecralloy foils, using a range of CuO-Ag and CuO-Ag-TiO2 braze compositions. Metallographic analysis revealed that a majority of the CuO in the braze preferentially migrates to the braze/Fecralloy interface, indicating a stronger affinity and interaction between the CuO and the alumina scale that had formed on the Fecralloy than with the YSZ substrate. The addition of TiO2 to the braze had no significant effect on the microstructure or mechanical properties of the YSZ/Fecralloy joints, unlike what had been observed previously in YSZ/YSZ joining. Four-point bend tests indicated that joint strength improves with increasing CuO content up to 8 mol % CuO, the maximum concentration of copper oxide tested, likely due to the concomitant improvement in braze wettability. A maximum bend strength of 101 MPa was achieved using the 8 mol % CuO braze composition, demonstrating the feasibility of this joining technique for sealing planar SOFCs. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jin.Kim@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 6 BP J52 EP J58 DI 10.1149/1.1896530 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 931HB UT WOS:000229475300092 ER PT J AU Song, SJ Lee, TH Wachsman, ED Chen, L Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Song, SJ Lee, TH Wachsman, ED Chen, L Dorris, SE Balachandran, U TI Defect structure and transport properties of Ni-SrCeO3-delta cermet for hydrogen separation membrane SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SRCE0.95EU0.05O3-DELTA; CONDUCTORS; OXIDES AB Research on hydrogen separation membranes is motivated by the increasing demand for an environmentally benign, inexpensive technology for separating hydrogen from gas mixtures. Although most studies of hydrogen separation membranes have focused on proton-conducting oxides by themselves, the addition of metal to these oxides increases their hydrogen permeability and improves their mechanical stability. This study began by determining hydrogen permeation properties of SrCe0.8Yb0.2O3-delta (SCYb). The results showed that at the investigated temperatures (600-900 degrees C), the hydrogen permeation rate is limited by electron flow. To further enhance hydrogen permeability, a cermet (i.e., ceramic-metal composite) membrane was made by adding Ni to the SCYb. At 900 degrees C, with 20% H-2/balance He as a feed gas (p(H2O) = 0.03 atm), the hydrogen permeation rate was 0.105 cm(3)/min cm(2) for 0.25-mm-thick Ni/SCYb and 0.008 cm(3)/min cm(2) for SCYb (0.7-mm thick). The dependence of hydrogen permeability on temperature and hydrogen partial-pressure gradients was also determined. The proton conductivity (approximate to ambipolar conductivity) was extracted from the dependence of hydrogen permeability on hydrogen potential gradients. The results demonstrate that adding Ni to SCYb considerably increases its hydrogen permeability by increasing its electron conductivity. (c) 2005 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Song, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM song@anl.gov NR 16 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 152 IS 11 BP J125 EP J129 DI 10.1149/1.2060690 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 982BW UT WOS:000233133700079 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Henager, CH AF Jones, RH Henager, CH TI Subcritical crack growth processes in SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Corrosion of Ceramic Matrix Composites CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Les Embiez, FRANCE DE composites; corrosion; creep; fracture; carbides; engine applications; structural applications ID SILICON-CARBIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CREEPING FIBERS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; NICALON FIBERS; BRIDGED CRACKS; TENSILE CREEP; BEHAVIOR; OXIDATION; EMBRITTLEMENT AB Ceramic matrix composites have the potential to operate at high temperatures and are, therefore being considered for a variety of advanced energy technologies such as combustor liners in land-based gas turbo/generators, heat exchangers and advanced fission and fusion reactors. Ceramic matrix composites exhibit a range of crack growth mechanisms driven by a range of environmental and nuclear conditions. The crack growth mechanisms include: (1) fiber relaxation by thermal (FR) and irradiation (FIR) processes, (2) fiber stress-rupture (SR), (3) interface removal (IR) by oxidation, and (4) oxidation embrittlement (OE) resulting from glass formation including effects of glass viscosity. Analysis of these crack growth processes has been accomplished with a combination experimental/modeling effort. Dynamic, high-temperature, in situ crack growth measurements have been made in variable Ar + O-2 environments while a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed model has been used to extrapolate this data and to add radiation effects. In addition to the modeling effort, a map showing these mechanisms as a function of environmental parameters was developed. This mechanism map is an effective tool for identifying operating regimes and predicting behavior. The process used to develop the crack growth mechanism map was to: (1) hypothesize and experimentally verify the operative mechanisms, (2) develop an analytical model for each mechanism, and (3) define the operating regime and boundary conditions for each mechanism. A map for SiC/SiC composites has been developed for chemical and nuclear environments as a function of temperature and time. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rh.jones@pnl.gov OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PY 2005 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1717 EP 1722 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.12.015 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 938YT UT WOS:000230040000004 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Govindjee, S Klein, PA Gao, H AF Nguyen, TD Govindjee, S Klein, PA Gao, H TI A material force method for inelastic fracture mechanics SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE material force; J-integral; cohesive fracture; viscoelastic fracture; ductile fracture ID CRACK-GROWTH; T-STAR; INDEPENDENT INTEGRALS; PSEUDOMOMENTUM; FORMULATION; SOLIDS AB A material force method is proposed for evaluating the energy release rate and work rate of dissipation for fracture in inelastic materials. The inelastic material response is characterized by an internal variable model with an explicitly defined free energy density and dissipation potential. Expressions for the global material and dissipation forces are obtained from a global balance of energy-momentum that incorporates dissipation from inelastic material behavior. It is shown that in the special case of steady-state growth, the global dissipation force equals the work rate of dissipation, and the global material force and J-integral methods are equivalent. For implementation in finite element computations, an equivalent domain expression of the global material force is developed from the weak form of the energy-momentum balance. The method is applied to model problems of cohesive fracture in a remote K-field for viscoelasticity and elastoplasticity. The viscoelastic problem is used to compare various element discretizations in combination with different schemes for computing strain gradients. For the elastoplastic problem, the effects of cohesive and bulk properties on the plastic dissipation are examined using calculations of the global dissipation force. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Mech & Computat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, Dept Theory Mesoscop Phenomena, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Mech & Computat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tdnguye@sandia.gov RI Govindjee, Sanjay/B-6886-2008; Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010; Gao, Huajian/F-9360-2010 OI Govindjee, Sanjay/0000-0003-0711-3633; Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583; NR 30 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 91 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2004.06.010 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 883RX UT WOS:000226034500005 ER PT J AU Alexandrov, EB Auzinsh, M Budker, D Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Yashchuk, VV AF Alexandrov, EB Auzinsh, M Budker, D Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Yashchuk, VV TI Dynamic effects in nonlinear magneto-optics of atoms and molecules: review SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; NOUVEAUX EFFETS PREVUS; GROUND-STATE; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; QUANTUM BEATS; ROTATION PROPERTIES; MULTIPOLE MOMENTS; THEORIE QUANTIQUE; ANGULAR MOMENTA AB A brief review is given of topics relating to dynamical processes arising in nonlinear interactions between light and resonant systems (atoms or molecules) in the presence of a magnetic field. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Univ Latvia, Dept Phys, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alexandrov, EB (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM ealex@online.ru; mauzins@latnet.lv; budker@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 81 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 7 EP 20 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.000007 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 886JP UT WOS:000226223600002 ER PT J AU Torgerson, JR Schauer, MM Lamoreaux, SK Gleyzes, S AF Torgerson, JR Schauer, MM Lamoreaux, SK Gleyzes, S TI Single-ion magnetic compass SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We present a method to determine the direction of a magnetic field in an experimental volume by analyzing the polarization of resonant optical radiation and data that demonstrate this method with a single trapped Ca-40(+) ion. With a single trapped Ca-40(+) ion, the results are insensitive to the magnitude of the magnetic field, the laser intensity, the detuning, and the bandwidth, provided the fluorescence signal is detectable. This method is applicable to many atomic systems in which optical pumping is possible. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Dept Phys, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RP Torgerson, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.000072 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 886JP UT WOS:000226223600009 ER PT J AU Kimura, H Noda, Y Goka, H Fujita, M Yamada, K Shirane, G AF Kimura, H Noda, Y Goka, H Fujita, M Yamada, K Shirane, G TI Soft phonons and structural phase transitions in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE soft phonon; structural phase transition; high-T-c superconductivity; stripe order; neutron scattering ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2-XBAXCUO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4; INSTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; LA2CUO4; SPINS; HOLES AB Soft phonon behavior associated with a structural phase transition from the low-temperature-orthorhombic (LTO) phase (Bmab symmetry) to the low-temperature-tetragonal (LTT) phase (P4(2)/ncm symmetry) was investigated in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 using neutron scattering. As temperature decreases, the TO-mode at Z-point softens and approaches to zero energy around T-d2 = 62 K, where the LTO-LTT transition occurs. Below T-d2, the phonon hardens quite rapidly and its energy almost saturates below 50K. At T-d2, the energy dispersion of the soft phonon along in-plane direction significantly changes while the dispersion along out-of-plane direction is almost temperature independent. Coexistence between the LTO phase and the LTT phase, seen in both the soft phonon spectra and the peak profiles of Bragg reflection, is discussed in context of the order of structural phase transitions. C1 Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Chem Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6100011, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kimura, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM kimura@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.74.445 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 891BD UT WOS:000226555400061 ER PT J AU Talih, M Hengartner, N AF Talih, M Hengartner, N TI Structural learning with time-varying components: tracking the cross-section of financial time series SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE covariance selection; dynamic graphical model; Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; Markov random field; multivariate stochastic volatility; precision matrix ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; MODELS AB When modelling multivariate financial data, the problem of structural learning is compounded by the fact that the covariance structure changes with time. Previous work has focused on modelling those changes by using multivariate stochastic volatility models. We present an alternative to these models that focuses instead on the latent graphical structure that is related to the precision matrix. We develop a graphical model for sequences of Gaussian random vectors when changes in the underlying graph occur at random times, and a new block of data is created with the addition or deletion of an edge. We show how a Bayesian hierarchical model incorporates both the uncertainty about that graph and the time variation thereof. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Math & Stat, New York, NY 10021 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talih, M (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Math & Stat, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM talih@math.hunter.cuny.edu NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7412 J9 J ROY STAT SOC B JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol. PY 2005 VL 67 BP 321 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2005.00504.x PN 3 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 937CQ UT WOS:000229902600001 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Vukmirovic, MB Sasaki, K Uribe, F Adzic, RR AF Zhang, J Vukmirovic, MB Sasaki, K Uribe, F Adzic, RR TI Platinum monolayer electro catalysts for oxygen reduction: effect of substrates, and long-term stability SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE electrocatalysis; oxygen reduction; platinum; monolayers; stability ID O-2 REDUCTION; BIMETALLIC SURFACES; RU NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; CO; ELECTROCATALYSTS; DEPOSITION; SUBMONOLAYERS; PT(111) AB We describe a novel concept for a Pt monolayer electrocatalyst and present the results of our electrochemical, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy studies. The electrocatalysts were prepared by a new method for depositing Pt monolayers involving the galvanic displacement by Pt of an underpotentially deposited Cu monolayer on substrates of Au (111), Ir(111), Pd(111), Rh(111) and Ru(0001) single crylstals, and Pd nanoparticles. The kinetics of O-2 reduction showed significant enhancement with Pt monolayers on Pd(111) and Pd nanoparticle surfaces in comparison with the reaction on Pt(111) and Pt nanoparticles, respectively. This increase in catalytic activity is attributed partly to the decreased formation of PtOH, as shown by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results illustrate that placing a Pt monolayer on a suitable substrate of metal nanoparticles is an attractive way of designing better O-2 reduction electrocatalysts with very low Pt contents. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM adzic@bnl.gov NR 36 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 33 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2005 VL 70 IS 3 BP 513 EP 525 DI 10.2298/JSC0503513Z PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 921IS UT WOS:000228758300014 ER PT J AU Frankel, JI Porter, WD Sabau, A AF Frankel, JI Porter, WD Sabau, A TI Analysis of volumetric changes through melting using a dilatometer SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE heat transfer modeling; push-rod dilatometer; thermophysical properties AB A conventional push-rod dilatometer is modified in order to accurately correlate the measured density to the predicted sample temperature of alloys in the phase-change regime. This new configuration makes use of a standard furnace assembly; however, the specimen is now symmetrically encased in a well-instrumented, graphite cylindrical shell. The combination of system geometry and high-conductivity sample holder material promotes the development of a simplified heat transfer model. The solution of this model properly correlates the measured density to that of the actual sample temperature based on using remote, sample-holder temperature measurements. Preliminary results using aluminum A356 provide insight into the proposed configuration. C1 Univ Tennessee, Mech & Aerosp Engn & Engn Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Frankel, JI (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Mech & Aerosp Engn & Engn Sci Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vfrankel@eartlink.net RI Sabau, Adrian/B-9571-2008 OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-6813-6 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 983PW UT WOS:000233245600027 ER PT J AU Jones, RE Zeigler, DA AF Jones, RE Zeigler, DA TI A method for determining the asperity distribution of contacting rough surfaces SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE rough surface; asperity; contact; inverse methods ID HEAD-TAPE INTERFACE; WEAR AB The Greenwood and Williamson (1966) model is an elegant and often-cited paradigm for predicting the load-displacement behavior of contacting rough surfaces given the height distribution of the contacting asperities. By use of an inverse technique and available load-displacement data, this work provides an alternative method to determine the asperity distribution directly from topographic measurement and subsequent data reduction. This method produces distributions that are consistent with the Greenwood and Williamson representation of the load-displacement data and demonstrates how the asperity height distribution can evolve with loading. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zeigler, DA (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Math & Stat, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1115/1.1828077 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 901EX UT WOS:000227266900003 ER PT J AU Dickrell, PL Sawyer, WG Heimberg, JA Singer, IL Wahl, KJ Erdemir, A AF Dickrell, PL Sawyer, WG Heimberg, JA Singer, IL Wahl, KJ Erdemir, A TI A gas-surface interaction model for spatial and time-dependent friction coefficient in reciprocating contacts: Applications to near-frictionless carbon SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SLIDING CONTACTS; FILMS; WEAR; LUBRICATION; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; COVERAGE AB A closed-form time- and position-dependent model for coverage, based on the adsorption of environmental contaminants and their removal through the pin contact, is developed for reciprocating contacts. The model employs an adsorption fraction and removal ratio to formulate a series expression for the entering coverage at any cycle and location on the wear track. A closed-form solution to the series expression is presented and compared to other coverage models developed for steady-state coverage for pin-on-disk contacts, real procating contacts, or the time-dependent center-point model for reciprocating contacts. The friction coefficient is based on the average coverage under the pin contact. The model is compared to position- and time-dependent data collected on near-frictionless carbon self-mated contacts on a reciprocating tribometer in a nitrogen atmosphere. There are many similarities between the model curves and the data, both in magnitude and trends. No new curvefitting waspe formed in this paper with all needed parameters coming from previous models of average friction coefficient behavior. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USN, Res Lab, Tribol Sect Code 6176, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sawyer, WG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wgsawyer@uft.edu RI Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008; OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227; Wahl, Kathryn/0000-0001-8163-6964 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2005 VL 127 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1115/1.1829719 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 901EX UT WOS:000227266900010 ER PT J AU Cao, C Holm, DD Titi, ES AF Cao, C Holm, DD Titi, ES TI On the Clark-alpha model of turbulence: global regularity and long-time dynamics SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; MIXING LAYER; FLOW AB In this paper we study a well-known three-dimensional turbulence model, the filtered Clark model, or Clark - a model. This is a large eddy simulation (LES) tensor-diffusivity model of turbulent flows with an explicit spatial filter of width a. We show the global well-posedness of this model with constant Navier - Stokes viscosity. Moreover, we establish the existence of a finite dimensional global attractor for this dissipative evolution system, and we provide an analytical estimate for its fractal and Hausdorff dimensions. Our estimate is proportional to (L/l(d))(3), where L is the integral spatial scale and l(d) is the viscous dissipation length scale. This explicit bound is consistent with the physical estimate for the number of degrees of freedom based on heuristic arguments. Using semi-rigorous physical arguments we show that the inertial range of the energy spectrum for the Clark - alpha model has the usual k(-5/3) Kolmogorov power law for wave numbers k alpha << 1 and k(-3) decay power law for k alpha >> 1. This is an evidence that the Clark - alpha model parameterizes efficiently the large wave numbers within the inertial range, k alpha >> 1, so that they contain much less translational kinetic energy than their counterparts in the Navier - Stokes equations. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Math, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Math, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Appl Math, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Cao, C (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Math, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM ccao@math.unl.edu NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 20 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/14685240500183756 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 017QW UT WOS:000235709100001 ER PT J AU McDermott, RJ Kerstein, AR Schmidt, RC Smith, PJ AF McDermott, RJ Kerstein, AR Schmidt, RC Smith, PJ TI The ensemble mean limit of the one-dimensional turbulence model and application to residual stress closure in finite volume large-eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; SCHEMES; TRANSPORT; FORMULATION; LES AB In order to gain insight into the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model of Kerstein [ 1] as it pertains to residual stress closure in large-eddy simulation (LES), we develop ensemble mean closure (EMC), an algebraic stress closure based on the mappings and time scale physics employed in ODT. To allow analytic determination of the stress the ODT model is simplified, conceptually, such that eddy events act upon a velocity field linearized by the local resolved scale strain. EMC can account for viscous effects, addressing the laminar flow finite eddy viscosity problem without implementation of the dynamic procedure [ 2]. The algebraic form of the model lends itself to analysis [ 3] and we are able to derive a theoretical value for the eddy rate constant. This value is a bound on the rate constant for full ODT subgrid closure and yields good results in LES of decaying isotropic turbulence with EMC. C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDermott, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM randy@crsim.utah.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 31 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1080/14685240500293894 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 003EN UT WOS:000234664500001 ER PT J AU McDermott, RJ Kerstein, AR Schmidt, RC Smith, PJ AF McDermott, RJ Kerstein, AR Schmidt, RC Smith, PJ TI The ensemble mean limit of the one-dimensional turbulence model and application to residual stress closure in finite volume large-eddy simulation SO JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE LA English DT Article ID SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; SCHEMES; TRANSPORT; FORMULATION; LES AB In order to gain insight into the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model of Kerstein [1] as it pertains to residual stress closure in large-eddy simulation (LES), we develop ensemble mean closure ( EMC), an algebraic stress closure based on the mappings and time scale physics employed in ODT. To allow analytic determination of the stress the ODT model is simplified, conceptually, such that eddy events act upon a velocity field linearized by the local resolved scale strain. EMC can account for viscous effects, addressing the laminar flow finite eddy viscosity problem without implementation of the dynamic procedure [2]. The algebraic form of the model lends itself to analysis [3] and we are able to derive a theoretical value for the eddy rate constant. This value is a bound on the rate constant for full ODT subgrid closure and yields good results in LES of decaying isotropic turbulence with EMC. C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDermott, RJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14882 USA. EM rjm75@cornell.edu NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-5248 J9 J TURBUL JI J. Turbul. PY 2005 VL 6 IS 30 DI 10.1080/14685240500293894 PG 33 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 001EV UT WOS:000234517300002 ER PT J AU Ioakeimidi, K Gradinaru, S Liu, Z Machuca, F Nielsen, JF Aldana, R Bolton, RP Clendenin, J Leheny, R Pease, RFW AF Ioakeimidi, K Gradinaru, S Liu, Z Machuca, F Nielsen, JF Aldana, R Bolton, RP Clendenin, J Leheny, R Pease, RFW TI Subpicosecond jitter in picosecond electron bunches SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Opt Sco Amer ID TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION; CONVERTER; TRANSPORT AB We have simulated and measured 60-120 fs time jitter of photoelectron pulses emitted by a nitride photocathode at 100 GHz rate as in order to evaluate the resolution performance of a previously proposed. photonic analog to digital converter. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for high speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for microwave bandwidth signals. State of the art electronic ADCs have reached 10 Gigasamples/second (GS/s), 6-12 bit performance [P. W. Juodawlkis, J. C. Twichell, G. E. Betts, J. J. Hargreaves, R. D. Younger, J. L. Wasserman, F. J. O'Donnell, K. G. Ray, and R. C. Williamson, IEEE Microwave Theory Tech. 49, 1840 (200 1)]. We have previously introduced a photoelectronic ADC implementation with measured performance of 3 bits at 100 GS/s [K. Ioakeimidi, R. Leheny, S. Gradinaru, K. Ma, R. Aldana, J. Clendenin, J. S Harris, R. F. W. Pease, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. (to be published); Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Baltimore MD, 1-6 June 2003]. The basic operating principle of the ADC is based on a miniaturized cathode ray tube where a bunch of photoemitted electrons passing through an electric deflection system is directed to a specific detector whence a digital code word emanates. The electron bunch samples the analog deflecting voltage that is then quantized according to the position of the detector receiving the bunch. The fundamental limit of the number of distinguishable voltage levels is the ratio of the deflecting voltage to the energy spread due to diffraction of the electron beam. This allows for up to 12 bits at 100 GS/s [R. F. Pease, K. loakeimidi, R. Aldana, and R. Leheny, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 21, 2826 (2003)]. At a more practical level, the bit resolution is primarily limited by the uncertainty in the emission of each electron bunch (temporal jitter). For 100 fs time uncertainty 5 bits of resolution are attainable with the nitride cathode for a 50 GHz bandwidth analog signal. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Stanford Univ, CIS X, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. RP Ioakeimidi, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, CIS X, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM katerina@stanford.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1116/1.1849212 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900036 ER PT J AU Malac, M Egerton, R Freeman, M Lau, J Zhu, YM Wu, LJ AF Malac, M Egerton, R Freeman, M Lau, J Zhu, YM Wu, LJ TI Electron-beam patterning with sub-2 nm line edge roughness SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; RESIST AB Negative tone patterns were created by polymer-contamination writing in a transmission electron. microscope. Typical line edge roughness of the polymer lines was found to be below 1 nm. The patterns were transferred to bismuth films using an anisotropic ion etch, resulting in final bismuth line edge roughness less than 2 nm. This low roughness was achieved by growing the bismuth film such that the same crystallographic planes were exposed to the etching flux of ions. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Malac, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Nanotechnol, 9107 116 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM marek.malac@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Freeman, Mark/E-4609-2013 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1116/1.1856466 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900050 ER PT J AU Dedrick, DE Beyer, EW Rader, DJ Klebanoff, LE Leung, AH AF Dedrick, DE Beyer, EW Rader, DJ Klebanoff, LE Leung, AH TI Verification studies of thermophoretic protection for extreme ultraviolet masks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DEPOSITION; WAFER AB A "thermophoretic pellicle" has been proposed as an alternative to the traditional organic pellicle as a means of protecting extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic photomasks from particle contamination. The thermophoretic pellicle protects a mask from particles by exploiting the thermophoretic force, which is exerted on a particle by a surrounding gas in which a temperature gradient exists. Two critical requirements of the thermophoretic pellicle are: (1) the mask is kept warmer than its surroundings and (2) the surrounding gas pressure is kept sufficiently high to enable thermophoretic protection. Experiments are presented which verify the viability of thermophoretic protection for EUV masks. In these experiments, wafers are exposed to a monodisperse, polystyrene-latex-sphere aerosol under carefully controlled experimental conditions. Robust thermophoretic protection is observed over a wide range of argon gas pressures (50-1600 mTorr or 6.66-213 Pa), particle sizes (65-300 nm), and temperature gradients (2-15 K/cm). Numerical simulations of the thermophoretic pellicle show good agreement with the data. (C) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dedrick, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9409,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM djrader@sandia.gov; lekleba@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1116/1.1856463 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 901RZ UT WOS:000227300900056 ER PT J AU Philpott, S Burger, H Tsoukas, C Foley, B Anastos, K Kitchen, C Weiser, B AF Philpott, S Burger, H Tsoukas, C Foley, B Anastos, K Kitchen, C Weiser, B TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomic RNA sequences in the female genital tract and blood: Compartmentalization and intrapatient recombination SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORECEPTOR USAGE; IN-VIVO; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HIV-1 INFECTION; VIRAL SEQUENCES; V3 LOOP; SECRETIONS; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION AB Investigation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the genital tract of women is crucial to the development of vaccines and therapies. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various anatomic sites have documented compartmentalization, with viral sequences from each location that were distinct yet phylogenetically related. Full-length RNA genomes derived from different compartments in the same individual, however, have not yet been studied. Furthermore, although there is evidence that intrapatient recombination may occur frequently, recombinants comprising viruses from different sites within one individual have. rarely been documented. We compared full-length HIV-1 RNA sequences in the plasma and female genital tract, focusing on a woman with high HIV-1 RNA loads in each compartment who had been infected heterosexually and then transmitted HIV-1 by the same route. We cloned and sequenced 10 full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from her genital tract and 10 from her plasma. We also compared viral genomes from the genital tract and plasma of four additional heterosexually infected women, sequencing 164 env and gag clones obtained from the two sites. Four of five women, including the one whose complete viral sequences were determined, displayed compartmentalized HIV-1 genomes. Analyses of full-length, compartmentalized sequences made it possible to document complex intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants that were composed of alternating viral sequences characteristic of each site. These findings demonstrate that the genital tract and blood harbor genetically distinct populations of replicating HIV-1 and provide evidence that recombination between strains from the two compartments contributes to rapid evolution of viral sequence variation in infected individuals. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Med, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Montreal Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Weiser, B (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM weiser@wadsworth.org OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI52015, U01-AI-35004, R01 AI052015, R01-AI-42555, U01 AI035004]; NICHD NIH HHS [1 F32 HD08478-01, F32 HD008478] NR 64 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 1 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.1.353-363.2005 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 881YF UT WOS:000225904700033 PM 15596829 ER PT J AU Gao, F Weaver, EA Lu, ZJ Li, YY Liao, HX Ma, BJ Alam, SM Scearce, RM Sutherland, LL Yu, JS Decker, JA Shaw, GA Montefiori, DC Korber, BT Hahn, BH Haynes, BF AF Gao, F Weaver, EA Lu, ZJ Li, YY Liao, HX Ma, BJ Alam, SM Scearce, RM Sutherland, LL Yu, JS Decker, JA Shaw, GA Montefiori, DC Korber, BT Hahn, BH Haynes, BF TI Antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic human immunodeficiency virus type I group m consensus envelope glycoprotein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FUSION INHIBITOR T-20; CODON USAGE; V3 LOOP; GP120; HIV-1; SEQUENCE; BINDING; AIDS; EVOLUTIONARY AB Genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. To decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains, we have designed and synthesized an artificial group M consensus env gene (CON6 gene) to be equidistant from contemporary HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants. This novel envelope gene expresses a glycoprotein that binds soluble CD4, utilizes CCR5 but not CXCR4 as a coreceptor, and mediates HIV-1 entry. Key linear, conformational, and glycan-dependent monoclonal antibody epitopes are preserved in CON6, and the glycoprotein is recognized equally well by sera from individuals infected with different HIV-1 subtypes. When used as a DNA vaccine followed by a recombinant vaccinia virus boost in BALB/c mice, CON6 env gp120 and gp140CF elicited gamma interferon-producing T-cell responses that recognized epitopes within overlapping peptide pools from three HIV-1 Env proteins, CON6, MN (subtype 13), and Chn19 (subtype C). Sera from guinea pigs immunized with recombinant CON6 Env gp120 and gp140CF glycoproteins weakly neutralized selected HIV-1 primary isolates. Thus, the computer-generated "consensus" env genes are capable of expressing envelope glycoproteins that retain the structural, functional, and immunogenic properties of wild-type HIV-1 envelopes. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, 112 Res Pk 3,Res Dr,Box 3347, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM fgao@duke.edu; hayne002@mc.duke.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [5T32 AI07392, AI35351, AI54497, AI55386, AI85338, N01AI85338, P0-1 AI51445, P0-1 AI52816, P01 AI035351, P01 AI052816, P30 AI051445, R21 AI055386, T32 AI007392, U01 AI035351] NR 40 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2 BP 1154 EP 1163 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.2.1154-1163.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 885IG UT WOS:000226149700050 PM 15613343 ER PT J AU Murphy, MJ Adrian, RJ Stewart, DS Elliott, GS Thomas, KA Kennedy, JE AF Murphy, MJ Adrian, RJ Stewart, DS Elliott, GS Thomas, KA Kennedy, JE TI Visualization of blast waves created by exploding bridge wires SO JOURNAL OF VISUALIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Flow Visualization (ISFV11) CY 2002 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE exploding wires; shock wave; schlieren; particle image velocimetry AB Blast waves created by small exploding bridge wires are used as a test bed for the development of a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique that uses polymers, seeded with scattering particles, as dynamic witness plates. Combined with pulsed, incoherent schlieren photography, the PIV method permits visualization of the instantaneous velocity vector field in a plane cutting through the blast wave. C1 Univ Illinois, Lab Turbulence & Complex Flow, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Aerosp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murphy, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Lab Turbulence & Complex Flow, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1343-8875 J9 J VISUAL-JAPAN JI J. Vis. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 2 BP 125 EP 135 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 918RA UT WOS:000228564100012 ER PT J AU Comer, CE Kilgo, JC D'Angelo, GJ Glenn, TC Miller, KV AF Comer, CE Kilgo, JC D'Angelo, GJ Glenn, TC Miller, KV TI Fine-scale genetic structure and social organization in female white-tailed deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE genetics; home range; microsatellites; Odocoileus virginianus; radiotelemetry; relatedness; rose-petal hypothesis; Savannah River Site; South Carolina; white-tailed deer ID SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; CENTRAL ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS; LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; SEASONAL MOVEMENTS; NEW-YORK; DISPERSAL; MARKERS; HETEROGENEITY; RELATEDNESS AB Social behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can have important management implications. The formation of matrilineal social groups among female deer has been documented and management strategies have been proposed based on this well-developed social structure. Using radiocollared (n = 17) and hunter or vehicle-killed (n = 21) does, we examined spatial and genetic structure in white-tailed deer on a 7,000-ha portion of the Savannah River Site in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA. We used 14 microsatellite DNA loci to calculate pairwise relatedness among individual deer and to assign doe pairs to putative relationship categories. Linear distance and genetic relatedness were weakly correlated (r = -0.08, P = 0.058). Relationship categories differed in mean spatial distance, but only 60% of first-degree-related doe pairs (full sibling or mother-offspring pairs) and 38% of second-degree-related doe pairs (half sibling, grandmother-granddaughter pairs) were members of the same social group based on spatial association. Heavy hunting pressure in this Population has created a young age structure among does, where the average age is < 2.5 years, and < 4% of does are > 4.5 years old. This - combined with potentially elevated dispersal among Young does - could limit the formation of persistent, cohesive social groups. Our results question the universal applicability of recently proposed models of spatial and genetic structuring in white-tailed deer, particularly in areas With differing harvest histories. C1 Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Comer, CE (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry & Agr, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM kmiller@smokey.forestry.uga.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 54 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 1 BP 332 EP 344 DI 10.2193/0022-541X(2005)069<0332:FGSASO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 919XJ UT WOS:000228650600030 ER PT B AU Rehm, KE AF Rehm, KE BE Covello, A TI Experiments with radioactive ion beams at ATLAS - Present status and future plans SO Key Topics in Nuclear Structure LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL Paestum, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis ID HELIUM-ISOTOPES; ALPHA-SPECTRA; B-8; DECAY; LI-8; HE-6; NUCLEI; MODEL; HALO AB During the last 10 years many experiments with radioactive ion beams have been performed at the superconducting linear accelerator ATLAS at Argonne National Laboratory. The production methods employ the two-accelerator technique for long-lived isotopes or the in-flight technique for nuclei with shorter half-lives. Experiments with radioactive beams ranging in mass from He-6 (T-1/2=0.8s) to Ni-56 (T-1/2=6.1d) have been performed so far. The experiments cover studies in nuclear structure and reactions, in nuclear astrophysics, especially in explosive nuclear synthesis, as well as in neutrino physics, which are relevant in connection with recent results from the large neutrino detectors at SNO and SUPERKAMIOKANDE. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-093-9 PY 2005 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1142/9789812702265_0002 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCN53 UT WOS:000230172400002 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M Kowalski, K Papenbrock, T Wloch, M Piecuch, P AF Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M Kowalski, K Papenbrock, T Wloch, M Piecuch, P BE Covello, A TI Coupled cluster approaches to nuclei, ground states and excited states SO KEY TOPICS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL Paestum, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis ID SHELL-MODEL; ELECTRONIC STATES; COORDINATE SPACE; EQUATIONS; MOMENTS; SYSTEMS; FIELD AB We present recent coupled-cluster studies of nuclei, with an emphasis on ground state and excited states of closed shell nuclei. Perspectives for future studies are delineated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; Piecuch, Piotr/C-4435-2011 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-093-9 PY 2005 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1142/9789812702265_0015 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCN53 UT WOS:000230172400015 ER PT B AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN BE Covello, A TI Pseudospin symmetry in spherical and deformed nuclei SO Key Topics in Nuclear Structure LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL Paestum, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis ID RELATIVISTIC SYMMETRY; STATES AB Pseudospin symmetry is a relativistic symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian. We show that the eigenfunctions of realistic relativistic nuclear mean fields approximately conserve pseudospin symmetry. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B 283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-093-9 PY 2005 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1142/9789812702265_0019 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCN53 UT WOS:000230172400019 ER PT B AU Stoitcheva, G Dean, DJ AF Stoitcheva, G Dean, DJ BE Covello, A TI Shifted-contour Monte Carlo method for nuclear structure SO KEY TOPICS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL Paestum, ITALY SP Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis ID SHELL-MODEL AB The formalism of the auxiliary-field Monte Carlo method is well suited for studying the finite-temperature properties of nuclear structure. Since this approach avoids an explicit enumeration of the many-body states, spaces larger than in the conventional methods can be reached. The nuclear implementation of the shell model Monte Carlo method is limited by the 'sign' problem associated with the Monte Carlo weight function when we use realistic effective two-body interactions. We consider a new approach for alleviating the 'sign' problem. This method is based on shifting the Monte Carlo integration to a region in the complex plane where fluctuations around the Hartree-Fock solution are minimized. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-093-9 PY 2005 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1142/9789812702265_0032 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCN53 UT WOS:000230172400032 ER PT S AU Floro, JA Gray, JL Atha, S Singh, N Elzey, D Hull, R AF Floro, JA Gray, JL Atha, S Singh, N Elzey, D Hull, R BE Chason, E Gilmer, GH Huang, H Wang, E TI Heteroepitaxial self-assembly of higher-complexity structures by combining growth control with nanopatterning SO Kinetics-Driven Nanopatterning on Surfaces SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Kinetics-Driven Nanopatterning on Surfaces held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID SIGE/SI(100) EPITAXIAL-FILMS; ISLAND FORMATION; NUCLEATION; SURFACE; SI(001); GE; RELAXATION; EVOLUTION AB We provide an overview of a novel self-assembly process that occurrs during GeSi/Si(001) strain-layer heteroepitaxy under conditions of limited adatom mobility. Suppression of copious surface diffusion leads to limited three-dimensional roughening in the form of pits that partially consume a thick, metastable wetting layer. The material ejected from the pits accumulates alongside, eventually forming a symmetric quantum dot molecule consisting of four islands bound to a {105}-faceted pit. These structures, which are of interest in nanologic applications, appear to arise from an intrinsic strain-relief mechanism in a relatively narrow regime of deposition conditions. An additional degree of morphological control is obtained by annealing films containing pits, before they evolve to full quantum dot molecules. Annealing promotes a one-dimensional growth instability leading to the formation of highly anisotropic grooves, bounded by long, wire-like islands. Finally, we show that patterns created in the Si substrate using a focused ion beam can control the location of quantum dot molecules, which is an additional critical step towards being able to use these structures for computing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Floro, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-797-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 849 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BCO28 UT WOS:000230391100001 ER PT S AU Ding, C He, XF AF Ding, C He, XF BE Jorge, A Torgo, L Brazdil, P Camacho, R Gama, J TI Cluster aggregate inequality and multi-level hierarchical clustering SO KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN DATABASES: PKDD 2005 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML)/9th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD) CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Oporto, PORTUGAL SP FCT, LIACC NIAAD AB We show that (1) in hierarchical clustering, many linkage functions satisfy a cluster aggregate inequality, which allows an exact O(N-2) multi-level (using mutual nearest neighbor) implementation of the standard O(N-3) agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. (2) a desirable close friends cohesion of clusters can be translated into kNN consistency which is guaranteed by the multi-level algorithm; (3) For similarity-based linkage functions, the multi-level algorithm is naturally implemented as graph contraction. The effectiveness of our algorithms is demonstrated on a number of real life applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29244-6 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2005 VL 3721 BP 71 EP 83 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BDF43 UT WOS:000233235600012 ER PT J AU Peterson, DS AF Peterson, DS TI Solid supports for micro analytical systems SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Review ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; PHASE EXTRACTION; PROTEIN DIGESTION; MEMBRANE CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS; PEPTIDE SEPARATION; STATIONARY PHASES AB The development of micro analytical systems requires that fluids are able to interact with the surface of the microfluidic chip in order to perform analysis such as chromatography, solid phase extraction, and enzymatic digestion. These types of analyses are more efficient if there are solid supports within the microfluidic channels. In addition, solid supports within microfluidic chips are useful in producing devices with multiple functionalities. In recent years there have been many approaches introduced for incorporating solid supports within chips. This review will explore several state of the art methods and applications of introducing solid supports into chips. These include packing chips with beads, incorporating membranes into chips, creating supports using microfabrication, and fabricating gels and polymer monoliths within microfluidic channels. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peterson, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Mailstop K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM DominicP@lanl.gov OI Peterson, Dominic/0000-0001-8244-565X NR 96 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1039/b405311g PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 890PP UT WOS:000226523600002 PM 15672125 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Reichmuth, DS Renai, RF Shepodd, TJ Wiedenman, BJ AF Kirby, BJ Reichmuth, DS Renai, RF Shepodd, TJ Wiedenman, BJ TI Microfluidic routing of aqueous and organic flows at high pressures: fabrication and characterization of integrated polymer microvalve elements SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; DEVICES; VALVES; CHIP AB This paper presents the first systematic engineering study of the impact of chemical formulation and surface functionalization on the performace of free-standing microfluidic polymer elements used for high-pressure fluid control in glass microsystems. System design, chemical wet-etch processes, and laser-induced polymerization techniques are described, and parametric studies illustrate the effects of polymer formulation, glass surface modification, and geometric constraints on system performance parameters. In particular, this study shows that highly crosslinked and fluorinated polymers can overcome deficiencies in previously-reported microvalve architectures, particularly limited solvent compatibility. Substrate surface modification is shown effective in reducing the friction of the polymer - glass interface and thereby facilitating valve actuation. A microchip one-way valve constructed using this architecture shows a 2 x 10(8) ratio of forward and backward flow rates at 7 MPa. This valve architecture is integrated on chip with minimal dead volumes ( 70 pl), and should be applicable to systems ( including chromatography and chemical synthesis devices) requiring high pressures and solvents of varying polarity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM bk88@cornell.edu NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 184 EP 190 DI 10.1039/b413199a PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 890PP UT WOS:000226523600010 PM 15672133 ER PT J AU Liu, YJ Foote, RS Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Liu, YJ Foote, RS Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Stacking due to ionic transport number mismatch during sample sweeping on microchips SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; NEUTRAL ANALYTES; POLYBORATE EQUILIBRIA; INJECTION; SEPARATIONS AB Sample stacking can occur in isoconductive buffer systems as a result of ion transport mismatches that cause changes in buffer conductivity during electrophoresis. Fluorescence imaging was used to examine this effect in the sweeping of hydrophobic dyes with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on microchips. Imaging revealed the occurrence of a stacking effect in a sodium borate buffer system in which the sample buffer and SDS-containing run buffer had the same initial conductivity. Injected sample plugs were first swept by SDS micelles and the swept band was then stacked at the trailing end of the sample zone. This effect is due to changes in conductivity at both the front and back interfaces of the injected sample plug and can be modeled by moving boundary equations. Maximum signal enhancements of 86-, 160- and 560-fold were obtained for Rhodamine 560, Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 6G, respectively, by the combination of sweeping and stacking within a 1 cm section of microchannel. Based on sample sweeping/stacking and manipulation of the electric field polarity, a method of trapping and concentrating analyte from multiple injections was also demonstrated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jmramsey@email.unc.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2005 VL 5 IS 4 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1039/b416414h PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 909XD UT WOS:000227893100013 PM 15791345 ER PT J AU Angeletti, C Harvey, NR Bossuyt, V Levenson, RM Rimm, DL AF Angeletti, C Harvey, NR Bossuyt, V Levenson, RM Rimm, DL TI Spectral and spatial analysis of thyroid fine needle aspiration specimens using the hybrid genetic algorithm "GENIE" SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CRI Inc, Woburn, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 85 SU 1 MA 262 BP 59A EP 60A PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 886OQ UT WOS:000226238600263 ER PT S AU Chakrapani, LN Gyllenhaal, J Hwu, WMW Mahlke, SA Palem, KV Rabbah, RM AF Chakrapani, LN Gyllenhaal, J Hwu, WMW Mahlke, SA Palem, KV Rabbah, RM BE Eigenmann, R Li, Z Midkiff, SP TI Trimaran: An infrastructure for research in instruction-level parallelism SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for High Performance Computing CY SEP 22-24, 2004 CL Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN SP Natl Sci Fdn, Int Business Machines Corp HO Purdue Univ AB Trimaran is an integrated compilation and performance monitoring infrastructure. The architecture space that Trimaran covers is characterized by HPL-PD, a parameterized processor architecture supporting novel features such as predication, control and data speculation and compiler controlled management of the memory hierarchy. Trimaran also consists of a full suite of analysis and optimization modules, as well as a graph-based intermediate language. Optimizations and analysis modules can be easily added, deleted or bypassed, thus facilitating compiler optimization research. Similarly, computer architecture research can be conducted by varying the HPL-PD machine via the machine description language HMDES. Trimaran also provides a detailed simulation environment and a flexible performance monitoring environment that automatically tracks the machine as it is varied. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chakrapani, LN (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nsimhan@cc.gatech.edu; gyllen@llnl.gov; w-hwu@uiuc.edu; mahlke@umich.edu; palem@cc.gatech.edu; rabbah@mit.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28009-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3602 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1007/11532378_4 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCT40 UT WOS:000231116000004 ER PT S AU Rickett, CD Choi, SE Chamberlain, BL AF Rickett, CD Choi, SE Chamberlain, BL BE Eigenmann, R Li, Z Midkiff, SP TI Compiling high-level languages for vector architectures SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for High Performance Computing CY SEP 22-24, 2004 CL Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN SP Natl Sci Fdn, Int Business Machines Corp HO Purdue Univ AB In this paper, we investigate the issues of compiling high-level languages for vector architectures. Vector architectures have regained popularity in recent years, from simple desktop computers with small vector units motivated by multimedia applications to large-scale vector multiprocessing machines motivated by ever-growing computational demands. We show that generating code for various types of vector architectures can be done using several idioms, and that the best idiom is not what a programmer would normally do. Using a set of benchmark programs, we also show that the benefits of vectorization can be significant and must not be ignored. Our results show that high-level languages are an attractive means of programming vector architectures since their compilers can generate code using the specific idioms that are most effective for the low-level vectorizing compiler. This leads to source code that is clearer and more maintainable, has excellent performance across the full spectrum of vector architectures, and therefore improves programmer productivity. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cray Inc, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Rickett, CD (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Christopher.Rickett@gold.sdsmt.edu; sungeun@lanl.gov; bradc@cray.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28009-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3602 BP 224 EP 237 DI 10.1007/11532378_17 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCT40 UT WOS:000231116000017 ER PT S AU Yi, Q Quinlan, D AF Yi, Q Quinlan, D BE Eigenmann, R Li, Z Midkiff, SP TI Applying loop optimizations to object-oriented abstractions through general classification of array semantics SO LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for High Performance Computing CY SEP 22-24, 2004 CL Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN SP Natl Sci Fdn, Int Business Machines Corp HO Purdue Univ ID LOCALITY AB Optimizing compilers have a long history of applying loop transformations to C and Fortran scientific applications. However, such optimizations are rare in compilers for object-oriented languages such as C++ or Java, where loops operating on user-defined types are left unoptimized due to their unknown semantics. Our goal is to reduce the performance penalty of using high-level object-oriented abstractions. We propose an approach that allows the explicit communication between programmers and compilers. We have extended the traditional Fortran loop optimizations with an open interface. Through this interface, we have developed techniques to automatically recognize and optimize user-defined array abstractions. In addition, we have developed an adapted constant-propagation algorithm to automatically propagate properties of abstractions. We have implemented these techniques in a C++ source-to-source translator and have applied them to optimize several kernels written using an array-class library. Our experimental results show that using our approach, applications using high-level abstractions can achieve comparable, and in cases superior, performance to that achieved by efficient low-level hand-written codes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yi, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28009-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3602 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1007/11532378_19 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCT40 UT WOS:000231116000019 ER PT S AU Shinn, MD Gould, C AF Shinn, MD Gould, C BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Analysis of coating defects in cavity mirrors for the IR upgrade FEL SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE free electron lasers; high average power laser; coating defects AB Noncontact optical profilometry was used to characterize the surface flaws on cavity mirrors used in the IR Upgrade FEL at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The FEL exposes the cavity mirrors, which have multilayer dielectric coatings, to a unique pulse format. To date, when lasing at 6 microns at a PRF of 37.4 MHz, the circulating cw power is in excess of 100 kW, the peak cw irradiance exceeds 30 kW/cm2, and the peak irradiance of each pulse is of order 1 GW/cm2. While state-of-the-art, these coatings are far from defect-free, yet have survived those operating conditions without damage after hours of use. The use of noncontact profllometry and the latest software allows us to characterize the size, depth, and distribution of defects in the area covered by the beam footprint in a way that is Ear more useful than a scratch-dig value. These data provide benchmarks for what defects can be tolerated for lasers having similar irradiances. C1 FEL, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shinn, MD (reprint author), FEL, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 23 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.585399 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500003 ER PT S AU Jovanovic, I Brown, CG Stuart, BC Molander, WA Nielsen, ND Wattellier, B Britten, JA Pennington, DM Barty, CPJ AF Jovanovic, I Brown, CG Stuart, BC Molander, WA Nielsen, ND Wattellier, B Britten, JA Pennington, DM Barty, CPJ BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Precision damage tests of multilayer dielectric gratings for high-energy petawatt lasers SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE multilayer dielectric gratings; petawatt lasers ID DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; IGNITION; PULSES AB The next generation of high-energy petawatt (HEPW)-class lasers will utilize multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings for pulse compression due to their high efficiency and high damage threshold for picosecond pulses. We have developed a short-pulse damage test station for accurate determination of the damage threshold of the optics used on future HEPW lasers. The design and performance of the damage test laser source, based on a highly stable, high-beamquality optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier, is presented. Our short-pulse damage measurement methodology and results are discussed. The damage initiation is attributed to multiphoton-induced avalanche ionization, strongly dependent on the electric field enhancement in the grating groove structure and surface defects. Measurement results of the dependence of damage threshold on the pulse width, angular dependence of damage threshold of diffraction gratings, and an investigation of short-pulse conditioning effects are presented. We report record > 4 J/cm(2) right section surface damage thresholds obtained on multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings at 76.5 degrees incidence angles for 10-ps pulses. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil Program, Mail Code L-470,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1117/12.585068 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500005 ER PT S AU Gourdin, WH Dzenitis, E Martin, D Listiyo, K Sherman, G Kent, W Butlin, R Stolz, CJ Pryatel, J AF Gourdin, WH Dzenitis, E Martin, D Listiyo, K Sherman, G Kent, W Butlin, R Stolz, CJ Pryatel, J BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI In-situ surface debris inspection and removal system for upward-facing transport mirrors of the National Ignition Facility SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE surface debris removal; gas knife; mirror surface cleaning; NIF AB We describe a system to inspect and remove surface debris in-situ from the surfaces of upward-facing mirrors that transport 1053 nm laser light to the target chamber of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Grazing angle (2-5 degrees) illumination with a bar light highlights debris approximate to 10 mu m in size and larger, which is then viewed through windows in the enclosures of selected mirrors. Debris is removed with I-second bursts of high velocity (76 m/s) clean air delivered across the optic surfaces by a commercially available linear nozzle ("gas knife"). Experiments with aluminium, stainless steel, glass and polystyrene particles of various sizes > 30 mu m show that particle removal efficiency is near 100% over most of-the mirror surfaces for all sizes tested. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gourdin, WH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.585077 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500013 ER PT S AU Honig, J Norton, MA Hollingsworth, WG Donohue, EE Johnson, MA AF Honig, J Norton, MA Hollingsworth, WG Donohue, EE Johnson, MA BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Experimental study of 351-nm and 527-nm laser-initiated surface damage on fused silica surfaces due to typical contaminants SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2004 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE laser damage; damage initiation; contamination ID NM; DIFFRACTION; PARTICLES; OPTICS AB Optics damage under high-intensity illumination may be the direct result of laser light interaction with a contaminant on the surface. Contaminants of interest are small particles of the materials of construction of large laser systems and include aluminum, various absorbing glasses, and fused silica. In addition, once a damage site occurs and begins to grow, the ejecta from the growing damage site create contamination on nearby optic surfaces and may initiate damage on these surfaces via a process we call "fratricide." We report on a number of experiments that we have performed on fused silica optics that were deliberately contaminated with materials of interest. The experiments were done using 527-nm light as well as 351-nm light. We have found that many of the contaminant particles are removed by the interaction with the laser and the likelihood of removal and/or damage is a function of both fluence and contaminant size. We have developed an empirical model for damage initiation in the presence of contaminants. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-462, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.597314 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500015 ER PT S AU Norton, MA Donohue, EE Hollingsworth, WG Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Hackel, RP AF Norton, MA Donohue, EE Hollingsworth, WG Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Hackel, RP BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Growth of laser initiated damage in fused silica at 1053 nm SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE laser damage; laser damage growth; laser damage growth threshold; UV fused silica AB The effective lifetime of a laser optic is limited by both laser-induced damage and the subsequent growth of laser initiated damage sites. We have measured the growth rate of laser-induced damage on polished fused silica surfaces in 10 torr of air at 1053 rim at 10 ns. The data shows exponential growth in the lateral size of the damage site with shot number above a threshold fluence. The size of the initial damage influences the threshold for growth. We will compare the growth rates for input and output surface damage. Possible reasons for the observed growth behavior are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Norton, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1117/12.585930 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500023 ER PT S AU Shinn, MD Behre, C Benson, SV Hardy, D Gubeli, J Neil, GR Zhang, S AF Shinn, MD Behre, C Benson, SV Hardy, D Gubeli, J Neil, GR Zhang, S BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Measurement of absorption levels in mid-infrared coated optics SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE free electron lasers; high average power laser; optical resonator; mid-infirared optics; laser calorimetry C1 FEL, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shinn, MD (reprint author), FEL, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 206 EP 206 DI 10.1117/12.585364 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500024 ER PT S AU Nostrand, MC Cerjan, CJ Johnson, MA Suratwala, TI Weiland, TL Sell, WD Vickers, JL Luthi, RL Stanley, JR Parham, TG Thorsness, CB AF Nostrand, MC Cerjan, CJ Johnson, MA Suratwala, TI Weiland, TL Sell, WD Vickers, JL Luthi, RL Stanley, JR Parham, TG Thorsness, CB BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Correlation of laser-induced damage to phase objects in bulk fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2004 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST AB The Optical Sciences Laser (OSL) Upgrade facility, described in last year's proceedings(1), is a kJ-class, large aperture (100cm(2)) laser system that can accommodate prototype optical components for large-scale inertial confinement fusion lasers. High-energy operation of such lasers is often limited by damage to the optical components. Recent experiments on the OSL Upgrade facility using fused silica components at 4 J/cm(2) (351nm, 3-ns) have created output surface and bulk damage sites that have been correlated to phase objects in the bulk of the material. Optical Path Difference (OPD) measurements of the phase defects indicate the probability of laser-induced damage is strongly dependent on OPD. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nostrand1@llnl.gov RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1117/12.585524 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500028 ER PT S AU Adams, JJ Weiland, TL Stanley, JR Sell, WD Luthi, RL Vickers, JL Carr, CW Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Spaeth, ML Hackel, RP AF Adams, JJ Weiland, TL Stanley, JR Sell, WD Luthi, RL Vickers, JL Carr, CW Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Spaeth, ML Hackel, RP BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Pulse length dependence of laser conditioning and bulk damage in KD2PO4 SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE KDP; DKDP; laser conditioning; bulk damage; pulse length; pulse length scaling; damage density ID CRYSTALS AB An experimental technique has been developed to measure the damage density rho(phi) variation with fluence from scatter maps of bulk damage sites in plates of KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystals combined with calibrated images of the damaging beam's spatial profile. Unconditioned bulk damage in tripler-cut DKDP crystals has been studied using 351 nm (3 omega) light at pulse lengths of 0.055, 0.091, 0.30, 0.86, 2.6, and 10 ns. It is found that there is less scatter due to damage at fixed fluence for longer pulse lengths. The results also show that for all the pulse lengths the scatter due to damage is a strong function of the damaging fluence. It is determined that the pulse length scaling for bulk damage scatter in unconditioned DKDP material varies as tau(0.24 +/- 0.05) over two orders of magnitude of pulse lengths. The effectiveness of 3 omega laser conditioning at pulse lengths of 0.055, 0.096, 0.30, 0.86, 3.5, and 23 ns is analyzed in term of damage density rho(phi) at 3 omega, 2.6 ns. The 860 ps conditioning to a peak irradiance of 7 GW/cm(2) had the best performance under 3 omega, 2.6 ns testing. It is shown that the optimal conditioning pulse length appears to lies in the range from 0.3 to 1 ns with a low sensitivity of 0.5 J/cm(2)/ns to the exact pulse length. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 265 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.585904 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500031 ER PT S AU Negres, RA Kucheyev, SO DeMange, P Carr, CW Demos, SG AF Negres, RA Kucheyev, SO DeMange, P Carr, CW Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Stoichiometric changes to KH2PO4 during laser-induced breakdown SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2004 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE laser-induced damage; KDP and DKDP crystals; Raman spectroscopy; photoluminescence; condensed phosphates ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; DAMAGE; GLASSES; GROWTH; KD2PO4; BULK AB The local structure-of KH2PO4 crystals (so-called KDP) at laser-induced damage sites created by irradiation with similar to 3-ns, 355-nm laser pulses is studied by a combination of Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopies. We compare spectra from pristine material, surface and bulk laser-induced damage sites, as well as from KPO3 references. Results show that irradiation with fluences above the laser-induced breakdown threshold leads to stoichiometric changes at surface damage sites but not at bulk damage sites. New spectroscopic features are attributed to dehydration products. For the laser irradiation conditions used in this study, the decomposed near-surface layer absorbs photons at similar to 3.4 eV (364 nm). These results may help explain the recently reported observation that, surface laser damage sites in KDP crystals tend to grow with subsequent exposure to high-power laser pulses, while bulk damage sites do not. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM negres2@llnl.gov RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1117/12.584943 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500035 ER PT S AU Whitman, PK Hahn, D Soules, T Norton, M Dixit, S Donohue, EE Folta, J Hollingsworth, W Maienschein-Cline, M AF Whitman, PK Hahn, D Soules, T Norton, M Dixit, S Donohue, EE Folta, J Hollingsworth, W Maienschein-Cline, M BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Performance of thin borosilicate glass sheets at 351-nm SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE borosilicate glass; non-linear absorption; ultra-violet light; inclusions AB Previously, we reported preliminary results for commercial thin borosilicate glass sheets evaluated for use as a frequently-replaced optic to separate the radiation and contamination produced by the inertial confinement fusion experiments in the National Ignition Facility target chamber from the expensive precision laser optics which focus and shape the 351-nm laser beam. The goal is identification of low cost substrates that can deliver acceptable beam energy and focal spots to the target. The two parameters that dominate the transmitted beam quality are the transmitted wave front error and 351-nm absorption. Commercial materials and fabrication processes have now been identified which meet the beam energy and focus requirements for all of the missions planned for the National Ignition Facility. We present the first data for use of such an optic on the National Ignition Facility laser. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Whitman, PK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 333 EP 342 DI 10.1117/12.585946 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500039 ER PT S AU DeMange, P Negres, RA Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF DeMange, P Negres, RA Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI A new damage testing system for detailed evaluation of damage behavior of bulk KDP and DKDP SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; NM AB We describe a new damage testing approach and instrumentation that provides quantitative measurements of bulk damage versus fluence for several frequencies. A major advantage of this method is that it can simultaneously provide direct information on pinpoint, density and size, and beam obscuration. This allows for more accurate evaluation of material performance under operational conditions. Protocols for laser conditioning to improve damage performance can also be easily and rapidly evaluated. This damage testing approach has enabled us to perform complex experiments toward probing the fundamental mechanisms of damage initiation and conditioning. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeMange, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.585217 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500040 ER PT S AU Schwarz, J Ruggles, L Rambo, P Porter, J AF Schwarz, J Ruggles, L Rambo, P Porter, J BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Highly sensitive method for measuring the onset of damage using a micro channel plate SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE micro channel plate; laser damage threshold AB Using a micro channel plate (MCP), we have developed a sensitive method for measuring the onset of laser damage by detecting liberated surface ions and XUV radiation from the laser induced surface plasma. This method is insensitive to optical alignment and therefore assures good repeatability over numerous measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwarz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1117/12.585377 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500044 ER PT S AU Prasad, RR Bernacil, M Halpin, J Peterson, J Mills, S Hackel, RP AF Prasad, RR Bernacil, M Halpin, J Peterson, J Mills, S Hackel, RP BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Design of an illumination technique to improve the identification of surface flaws on optics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2004 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST AB An edge illumination technique has been designed using a monochromatic light source that improves the identification of surface flaws on optics. The system uses a high-resolution CCD camera to capture images of the optics. Conventional edge illumination methods using white light sources have been plagued by light leaking around the optics causing high background levels. The background combined with lower resolution cameras has made it difficult to determine size and intensity characteristics of the flaws. Thus photographs taken of the optics are difficult to analyze quantitatively and do not allow for the detection of small, faintly illuminated sites. Infrared diodes have been utilized to illuminate large-scale (43 cm x 43 cm) fused silica optics, and a two-dimensional array CCD camera has been used to collect the image data. Flaw sizes as small as similar to 10 mu m have been detected. A set of frames has been built to support the infrared sources where one diode array per side is magnetically attached to the frame. The diodes inject light into the optic causing the sites to illuminate, which can be detected by the camera. A customized mounting design has been implemented to secure the frames to the stage, or base, for image acquisition. The design uses a dual bracket assembly to support the frames. With this design for optical illumination, quantitative data has been obtained of the surface flaws. A comparison of the peak intensity, total integrated intensity and size of the flaws measured in these images and the size of the flaws as measured using a microscope will be presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM prasad4@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 421 EP 426 DI 10.1117/12.585551 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500049 ER PT S AU Carr, CW Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Demange, P Kucheyev, S Shirk, MD Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF Carr, CW Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Demange, P Kucheyev, S Shirk, MD Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI The nature of emission from optical breakdown induced by pulses of fs and ns duration SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST ID FUSED-SILICA; LASER PULSES; DIELECTRICS; GENERATION AB Spectral emission from optical breakdown in the bulk of a transparent dielectric contains information about the nature of the breakdown medium. We have made time resolved measurements of the breakdown induced emission caused by nanosecond and femtosecond infrared laser pulses. We previously demonstrated that the emission due to ns pulses is blackbody in nature allowing determination of the fireball temperature and pressure during and after the damage event. The emission due to femtosecond pulse breakdown is not blackbody in nature; two different spectral distributions being noted. In one case, the peak spectral distribution occurs at the second harmonic of the incident radiation, in the other the distribution is broader and flatter and presumably due to continuum generation. The differences between ns and fs breakdown emission can be explained by the differing breakdown region geometries for the two pulse durations. The possibility to use spectral emission as a diagnostic of the emission region morphology will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carr, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1117/12.585925 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500057 ER PT S AU Carr, CW Feit, MD Muyco, JJ Rubenchik, AM AF Carr, CW Feit, MD Muyco, JJ Rubenchik, AM BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Effect on scattering of complex morphology of DKDP bulk damage sites SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE laser induced damage; scattering; KDP; DKDP; densification ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; KD2PO4; LASER AB Bulk damage sites in frequency conversion crystals scatter and/or absorb laser light leading to interference and downstream intensification We find that laser induced bulk damage sites in DKDP exhibit a "shell" of structurally and/or chemically modified material surrounding a central core as indicated by SEM and optical micrographs and micro Raman spectral maps. We hypothesize that the modified material has been shock wave densified and estimate the amount of densification and its effect on scattering. A simple model indicates that densification of several percent is likely and that the scattering cross section may be larger than the geometric area of the inner core by an order of magnitude. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feit, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1117/12.585927 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500061 ER PT S AU Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP AF Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kaiser, N Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ Stolz, CH TI Power scaling of diffraction-limited fiber sources SO Laser-Induced Damage In Optical Materials: 2004 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 20-22, 2004 CL NIST, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NIST DE fiber; laser; amplifier; multimode; double clad; rare-earth doped; Yb; bend loss; mode filtering ID AMPLIFIER; LASER AB Single-mode (SM) fiber lasers and amplifiers are constrained to low output powers by fundamental physical limitations of the fiber, specifically, by low energy storage and by the onset of nonlinear processes in the fiber. The simplest way to overcome both limiting factors is to increase the core size, but maintaining SM operation imposes an upper limit. Further power scaling is possible with multimode.(MM) fiber, but the poor beam quality generally associated MM fiber is unacceptable for most applications. We have developed a technique (bend-loss-induced mode filtering) that allows the core size to be increased significantly beyond the SM limit while maintaining diffraction-limited beam quality and high efficiency. In this method, coiling of the fiber is used as a form of distributed spatial filtering to suppress all but the fundamental mode of a highly MM fiber amplifier. Unlike conventional spatial filtering, in which high-order modes are discarded, the mode-filtering technique does not result is substantial loss of efficiency because high-order modes are suppressed along the entire length of the amplifier and are thus prevented from building up significant intensity. We will review this method and recent experimental results for both cw and pulsed fiber sources, including nonlinear frequency conversion of mode-filtered fiber lasers. Optical damage issues will also be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5607-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5647 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1117/12.592013 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BBX90 UT WOS:000228294500063 ER PT S AU DeMange, P Negres, RA Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF DeMange, P Negres, RA Carr, CW Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI A multi-dimensional investigation of laser conditioning in KDP and DKDP crystals - art. no. 599107 SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID DAMAGE AB We present a multi-parametric experimental investigation of laser conditioning efficiency and behavior in KDP and DKDP crystals as a function of laser wavelength, fluence, number of pulses, and conditioning protocol. Our results expose complex behaviors associated with damage initiation and conditioning at different wavelengths that provide a major step towards revealing the underlying physics. In addition, we reveal the key parameters for optimal improvement to the damage performance from laser conditioning. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeMange, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP 99107 EP 99107 AR 599107 DI 10.1117/12.638693 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500007 ER PT S AU Norton, MA Donohue, EE Feit, MD Hackel, RP Hollingsworth, WG Rubenchik, AM Spaeth, ML AF Norton, MA Donohue, EE Feit, MD Hackel, RP Hollingsworth, WG Rubenchik, AM Spaeth, ML BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Growth of laser damage in SiO2 under multiple wavelength irradiation - art. no. 599108 SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE laser damage; laser damage growth; laser damage growth threshold; UV fused silica AB In laser systems using frequency conversion, multiple wavelengths will be present on optical components. We have investigated the growth of laser initiated damage in fused silica in the presence of multiple wavelengths. In particular, we measured growth at 351 nm in the presence of 1053 nm near the threshold of growth for 351 nm alone. The data shows that the sum fluence determines the onset of growth as well as the growth rate. The measured growth coefficient is consistent with all the energy being delivered at 351 nm. Additionally, we measured growth at 527 nm in the presence of 1053 nm near the threshold of growth at 527 nm. alone. In this case, the sum fluence also determines the growth coefficient but the rate is consistent with all the energy being delivered at 1053 nm. We present the measurements and discuss possible reasons for the behavior. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Norton, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Mailstop L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP 99108 EP 99108 AR 599108 DI 10.1117/12.638833 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500008 ER PT S AU Borden, MR Folta, JA Stolz, CJ Taylor, JR Wolfe, JE Griffin, AJ Thomas, MD AF Borden, MR Folta, JA Stolz, CJ Taylor, JR Wolfe, JE Griffin, AJ Thomas, MD BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Improved method for laser damage testing coated optics - art. no. 59912A SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE antireflection coating; laser damage; initiation; growth AB The laser damage test for qualifying a coating run of anti-reflection coated optics consists of scanning a pulsed 1064 nm laser to illuminate approximately 2400 sites over a 1 cm x 1 cm area on a test sample. Scans are repeated at 3 J/cm(2) increments until the fluence specification for the optic is reached. In the past, initiation of I or more damage sites was classified as a failed coating run, requiring the production optics in the corresponding coating lot be reworked and recoated. Recent laser damage growth tests of 300 repetitive pulses performed on numerous damage sites revealed that all were stable up to 20 J/cm(2). Therefore the acceptance criteria has been modified to allow a moderate number of damage sites, as long as they are smaller than the allowed dig size and are stable (do not grow). Consequently many coating runs that previously would have been rejected are now accepted, resulting in higher yield, lower cost, and improved delivery schedule. The new test also provides assurance that initiated damage sites are stable during long term operation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Borden, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP A9912 EP A9912 AR 59912A DI 10.1117/12.637825 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500073 ER PT S AU Bass, IL Guss, GM Hackel, RP AF Bass, IL Guss, GM Hackel, RP BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Mitigation of laser damage growth in fused silica with a galvanometer scanned CO2 laser - art. no. 59910C SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE mitigation; CO2; fused silica; laser damage; galvanometer; scanning AB At the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), mitigation of laser surface damage growth on fused silica using single and multiple CO2 laser pulses has been consistently successful for damage sites whose lateral dimensions are less than 100 mu m, but has not been for larger sites. Cracks would often radiate outward from the damage when a CO2 pulse was applied to the larger sites. An investigation was conducted to mitigate large surface damage sites using galvanometer scanning of a tightly focused CO2 laser spot over an area encompassing the laser damage. It was thought that by initially scanning the CO2 spot outside the damage site, radiating crack propagation would be inhibited. Scan patterns were typically inward moving spirals starting at radii somewhat larger than that of the damage site. The duration of the mitigation spiral pattern was similar to 110 ms during which a total of similar to 1.3 J of energy was delivered to the sample. The CO2 laser spot had a 1/e(2)-diameter of similar to 200 mu m. Thus, there was general heating of a large area around the damage site while rapid evaporation occurred locally at the laser spot position in the spiral. A 30 to 40 mu m deep crater was typically generated by this spiral with a diameter of similar to 600 mu m. The spiral would be repeated until there was no evidence of the original damage in microscope images. Using this technique, damage sites as large as 300 pm in size did not display new damage after mitigation when exposed to fluences exceeding 22 J/cm(2) at 355 nm, 7.5 ns. It was found necessary to use a vacuum nozzle during the mitigation process to reduce the amount of re-deposited fused silica. In addition, curing spiral patterns at lower laser powers were used to presumably "re-melt" any re-deposited fused silica. A compact, shearing interferometer microscope was developed to permit in situ measurement of the depth of mitigation sites. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bass, IL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Mailstop L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP C9910 EP C9910 AR 59910C DI 10.1117/12.638828 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500011 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Hawley-Fedder, R Widmayer, C Williams, W Weinzapfel, C Roberts, D AF Runkel, M Hawley-Fedder, R Widmayer, C Williams, W Weinzapfel, C Roberts, D BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI A system for measuring defect induced beam modulation on inertial confinement fusion-class laser optics - art. no. 59912H SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE optical defect; beam intensification; diffraction ID DIFFRACTION AB A multi-wavelength laser based system has been constructed to measure defect induced beam modulation (diffraction) from ICF class laser optics. The Nd:YLF-based modulation measurement system (MMS) uses simple beam collimation and imaging to capture diffraction patterns from optical defects onto an 8-bit digital camera at 1053, 527 and 351 nm. The imaging system has a field of view of 4.5 x 2.8 mm(2) and is capable of imaging any plane from 0 to 30 cm downstream from the defect. The system is calibrated using a 477 micron chromium dot on glass for which the downstream diffraction patterns were calculated numerically. Under nominal conditions the system can measure maximum peak modulations of approximately 7:1. An image division algorithm is used to calculate the peak modulation from the diffracted and empty field images after the baseline residual light background is subtracted from both. The peak modulation can then be plotted versus downstream position. The system includes a stage capable of holding optics up to 50 pounds with x and y translation of 40 cm and has been used to measure beam modulation due to solgel coating defects, surface digs on KDP crystals, lenslets in bulk fused silica and laser damage sites mitigated with CO2 lasers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP H9912 EP H9912 AR 59912H DI 10.1117/12.638824 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500079 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Menapace, JA Schaffers, KI Bibeaua, C Thomas, MD Griffin, AJ AF Stolz, CJ Menapace, JA Schaffers, KI Bibeaua, C Thomas, MD Griffin, AJ BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Laser damage initiation and growth of antireflection coated S-FAP crystal surfaces prepared by pitch lap and magnetorheological finishing - art. no. 59911l SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE antireflection coating; e-beam; Yb : S-FAP; damage growth; damage morphology; MRF; WfO(2); SiO2 AB Antireflection (AR) coatings typically damage at the interface between the substrate and coating. Therefore the substrate finishing technology can have an impact on the laser resistance of the coating. For this study, AR coatings were deposited on Yb:S-FAP [Yb3+:Sr-5(PO4)(3)F] crystals that received a final polish by both conventional pitch lap finishing as well as magnetorheological finishing (MRF). SEM images of the damage morphology reveals laser damage originates at scratches and at substrate coating interfacial absorbing defects. Previous damage stability tests on multilayer mirror coatings and bare surfaces revealed damage growth can occur at fluences below the initiation fluence. The results from this study suggest the opposite trend for AR coatings. Investigation of unstable HR and uncoated surface damage morphologies reveals significant radial cracking that is not apparent with AR damage due to AR delamination from the coated surface with few apparent cracks at the damage boundary. Damage stability tests show that coated Yb:S-FAP crystals can operate at 1057 nm at fluences around 20 j/cm(2) at 10 ns; almost twice the initiation damage threshold. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP L9911 EP L9911 AR 59911l DI 10.1117/12.638831 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500046 ER PT S AU Nguyen, HT Britten, JA Carlson, TC Nissen, JD Summers, LJ Hoaglan, CR Aasen, MD Peterson, JE Jovanovic, I AF Nguyen, HT Britten, JA Carlson, TC Nissen, JD Summers, LJ Hoaglan, CR Aasen, MD Peterson, JE Jovanovic, I BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Gratings for high-energy petawatt lasers - art. no. 59911M SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE high-energy petawatt laser; multilayer dielectric diffraction grating; reactive ion beam etching ID PULSES AB To enable high-energy petawart laser operation we have developed the processing methods and tooling that produced both the world's largest multilayer dielectric reflection grating and the world's highest laser damage resistant gratings. We have successfully delivered the first ever 80 cm aperture multilayer dielectric grating to LLNL's Titan Intense Short Pulse Laser Facility. We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nguyen, HT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP M9911 EP M9911 AR 59911M DI 10.1117/12.633689 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500050 ER PT S AU Norton, MA Stolz, CJ Donohue, EE Hollingsworth, WG Listiyo, K Pryatel, JA Hackel, RP AF Norton, MA Stolz, CJ Donohue, EE Hollingsworth, WG Listiyo, K Pryatel, JA Hackel, RP BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Impact of contaminates on the laser damage threshold of 1 omega HR coatings - art. no. 59910O SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE laser damage; laser damage growth; 1 micron high reflectors; particulate contamination AB In operational laser systems, it is often difficult to keep optical components completely free of foreign material. We have investigated the performance of high damage threshold 1.053 mu m high reflectors in the presence of surface contaminants. We have looked at the impact of stainless steel, aluminum, Azurlite((R)), dust, cotton fibers and polyester fibers on the performance of the mirrors under laser irradiation. The first four contaminants were deposited in sizes ranging from 30 microns to 150 microns. The fibers included lengths ranging to several millimeters. The testing was done at either a single fluence in the range of 6 J/cm(2) to 24 J/cm(2), or a ramped sequence of shots starting at 1 J/cm(2). We will present data showing the onset of damage, the type of damage, and the propensity to damage growth in the fluence range studied. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Norton, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Mailstop L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP O9910 EP O9910 AR 59910O DI 10.1117/12.638832 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500023 ER PT S AU Carr, CW Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Trenholme, JB Spaeth, ML AF Carr, CW Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Trenholme, JB Spaeth, ML BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI A summary of recent damage-initiation experiments on KDP crystals - art. no. 59911Q SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; NANOSECOND; DIELECTRICS AB We summarize recent investigations of the density and morphology of bulk damage in KDP crystals as a function of pulse duration, temporal profile, wavelength, and energy fluence. As previously reported by Runkel et al.(1), we also find that the size of bulk damage sites varies roughly linearly with pulse duration for pulses between 1 ns and 9 ns. However this trend no longer applies at pulse durations below 1 ns. Experiments measuring the damage density and size distribution as a function of wavelength confirm many previous works which indicated a strong dependence of damage density with wavelength. However, we also find that the size of damage sites is relatively insensitive to wavelength. Further we see damage due to Flat-In-Time (FIT) pulses has different pulse length and fluence dependence than Gaussian pulses. We demonstrate that a simple thermal diffusion model can account for observed differences in damage densities due to square and Gaussian temporally shaped pulses of equal fluence. Moreover, we show that the key laser parameter governing size of the bulk damage sites is the length of time the pulse remains above a specific intensity. The different dependences of damage density and damage site size on laser parameters suggest different absorption mechanisms early and late in the damaging pulse. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carr, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Mailstop L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013; Trenholme, John/M-4805-2016 OI Trenholme, John/0000-0003-3673-6653 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP Q9911 EP Q9911 AR 59911Q DI 10.1117/12.638829 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500054 ER PT S AU Adams, JJ Bruere, JR Bolourchi, M Carr, CW Feit, MD Hackel, RP Hahn, DE Jarboe, JA Lane, LA Luthi, RL McElroy, JN Rubenchik, AM Stanley, JR Sell, WD Vickers, JL Weiland, TL Willard, DA AF Adams, JJ Bruere, JR Bolourchi, M Carr, CW Feit, MD Hackel, RP Hahn, DE Jarboe, JA Lane, LA Luthi, RL McElroy, JN Rubenchik, AM Stanley, JR Sell, WD Vickers, JL Weiland, TL Willard, DA BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Wavelength and pulselength dependence of laser conditioning and bulk damage in doubler-cut KH2PO4 - art. no. 59911R SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE KDP; DKDP; laser conditioning; bulk damage; pulselength; pulselength-scaling; damage density ID CRYSTALS AB An experimental technique has been utilized to measure the variation of bulk damage scatter with damaging fluence in plates of KH2PO4 (KDP) crystals. Bulk damage in unconditioned and laser-conditioned doubler-cut KDP crystals has been studied using 527 nm (2w) light at pulselengths of 0.3 - 10 ns. It is found that there is less scatter due to damage at fixed fluence for longer pulselengths. In particular, there is similar to 4X increase in fluence for equivalent scatter for damage at 2w, 10 ns as compared to 0.30 ns in unconditioned KDP. The results for the unconditioned and conditioned KDP show that for all the pulselengths the scatter due to the bulk damage is a strong function of the damaging fluence (phi(similar to 5)). It is determined that the 2w fluence pulselength-scaling for equivalent bulk damage scatter in unconditioned KDP varies as tau(0.30 +/- 0.11) and in 3w, 3ns ramp-conditioned KDP varies as tau(0.27 +/- 0.14). The effectiveness of 2w and 3w laser conditioning at pulselengths in the range of 0.30-23 ns for damage induced 2w, 3 ns is analyzed in terms of scatter. For the protocols tested (i.e. peak conditioning irradiance, etc.), the 3w, 300 ps conditioning to a peak fluence of 3 J/cm(2) had the best performance under 2w, 3 ns testing. The general trend in the performance of the conditioning protocols was shorter wavelength and shorter pulselength appear to produce better conditioning for testing at 2w, 3 ns. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-592, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Carr, Chris/F-7163-2013 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP R9911 EP R9911 AR 59911R DI 10.1117/12.638827 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500055 ER PT S AU Negres, RA DeMange, P Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF Negres, RA DeMange, P Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Laser-induced damage in DKDP crystals under simultaneous exposure to laser harmonics - art. no. 59911S SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE laser-induced damage; KDP and DKDP crystals; nonlinear frequency conversion ID KDP AB While KDP and DKDP crystals remain the only viable solution for frequency conversion in large aperture laser systems in the foreseeable future, our understanding of damage behavior in the presence of multiple colors is very limited. Such conditions exist during normal operation where, for third harmonic generation, 1w, 2w and 3w components are present with different energy ratios as they propagate inside the crystal. The objective of this work is to shed light into the damage behavior of frequency conversion crystals during operational conditions as well as probe the fundamental mechanisms of damage initiation. We have performed a series of experiments to quantify the damage performance of pristine (unconditioned) DKDP material under simultaneous exposure to 2w and 3w laser pulses from a 3-ns Nd:YAG laser system as a function of the laser fluences at each frequency. Results show that simultaneous dual wavelength exposure leads to a much larger damage density as compared to the total damage resulting from separate exposure at each wavelength. Furthermore, under such excitation conditions, the damage performance is directly related to and can be predicted from the damage behavior of the crystal at each wavelength separately while the mechanism and type of defects responsible for damage initiation are shown to be the same at both 2w and 3w excitation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Negres, RA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP S9911 EP S9911 AR 59911S DI 10.1117/12.637666 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500056 ER PT S AU Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Trenholme, JB AF Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Trenholme, JB BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Simple model of laser damage initiation and conditioning in frequency conversion crystals - art. no. 59910W SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol AB Laser conditioning, i.e. pre-exposure to less than damaging laser fluence, has been shown to improve the damage resistance of KDP/DKDP frequency conversion crystals. We have extended our damage model, small absorbing precursors with a distribution of sizes, to describe various damage related properties such as damage density and effects of laser conditioning in crystals. The model assumes the rate limiting process for both initiation and conditioning depends on temperature and that separate threshold temperatures exist for either conditioning or damage initiation to occur. This is reasonable in KDP/DKDP since the melting temperature is far below the temperatures associated with plasma formation and damage events. This model is capable of accounting for some recently observed damage-conditioning behaviors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feit, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mail Stop L-463, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Trenholme, John/M-4805-2016 OI Trenholme, John/0000-0003-3673-6653 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP W9910 EP W9910 AR 59910W DI 10.1117/12.638830 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500030 ER PT S AU DeMange, P Negres, RA Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF DeMange, P Negres, RA Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Different precursor populations revealed by microscopic studies of bulk damage, in KDP and DKDP crystals - art. no. 59911X SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol ID PERFORMANCE AB We present experimental results aiming to reveal the relationship between damage initiating defect populations in KDP and DKDP crystals under irradiation at different wavelengths. Our results indicate that there is more than one type of defects leading to damage initiation, each defect acting as damage initiators over a different wavelength range. Results showing disparities in the morphology of damage sites from exposure at different wavelengths provides additional evidence for the presence of multiple types of defects responsible for damage initiation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeMange, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP X9911 EP X9911 AR 59911X DI 10.1117/12.638687 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500061 ER PT S AU Trenholme, JB Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM AF Trenholme, JB Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Size-selection initiation model extended to include shape and random factors - art. no. 59910X SO Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2005 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE damage initiation; precursor; size selection model; laser damage ID DAMAGE AB The Feit-Rubenchik size-selection damage model has been extended in a number of ways. More realistic thermal deposition profiles have been added. Non-spherical shapes (rods and plates) have been considered, with allowance for their orientation dependence. Random variations have been taken into account. An explicit form for the change of absorptivity with precursor size has been added. A simulation tool called GIDGET has been built to allow adjustment of the many possible parameters in order to fit experimental data of initiation density as a function of fluence and pulse duration. The result is a set of constraints on the possible properties of initiation precursors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trenholme, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,L-463, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Trenholme, John/M-4805-2016 OI Trenholme, John/0000-0003-3673-6653 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5991 BP X9910 EP X9910 AR 59910X DI 10.1117/12.638834 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500031 ER PT S AU Menapace, JA Davis, PJ Steele, WA Wong, LL Suratwala, TI Miller, PE AF Menapace, JA Davis, PJ Steele, WA Wong, LL Suratwala, TI Miller, PE BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI Utilization of magnetorheological finishing as a diagnostic tool for investigating the three-dimensional structure of fractures in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2005 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE subsurface damage; MRF; brittle fracture; surface imperfections; laser-induced damage ID ULTRAHIGH PRESSURES; DENSIFICATION; DEPENDENCE; WAVELENGTH; REFLECTION; GLASSES AB We have developed an experimental technique that combines magnetorheological finishing (MRF) and microscopy to examine fractures and/or artifacts in optical materials. The technique can be readily used to provide access to, and interrogation of, a selected segment of a fracture or object that extends beneath the surface. Depth slicing, or cross-sectioning at selected intervals, further allows the observation and measurement of the three-dimensional nature of the sites and the generation of volumetric representations that can be used to quantify shape and depth, and to understand how they were created, how they interact with surrounding material, and how they may be eliminated or mitigated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Menapace, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,7000 E Ave,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM menapace1@llnl.gov RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5991 AR 599102 DI 10.1117/12.638840 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500002 ER PT S AU Menapace, JA Davis, PJ Steele, WA Wong, LL Suratwala, TI Miller, PE AF Menapace, JA Davis, PJ Steele, WA Wong, LL Suratwala, TI Miller, PE BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI MRF applications: Measurement of process-dependent subsurface damage in optical materials using the MRF wedge technique SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2005 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE subsurface damage; MRF; brittle fracture; surface imperfections; laser-induced damage AB Understanding the behavior of fractures and subsurface damage in the processes used during optic fabrication plays a key role in determining the final quality of the optical surface finish. During the early stages of surface preparation, brittle grinding processes induce fractures at or near an optical surface whose range can extend from depths of a few mini to hundreds of mu m depending upon the process and tooling being employed. Controlling the occurrence, structure, and propagation of these sites during subsequent grinding and polishing operations is highly desirable if one wishes to obtain high-quality surfaces that are free of such artifacts. Over the past year, our team has made significant strides in developing a diagnostic technique that combines magnetorheological finishing (MRF) and scanning optical microscopy to measure and characterize subsurface damage in optical materials. The technique takes advantage of the unique nature of MRF to polish a prescribed large-area wedge into the optical surface without propagating existing damage or introducing new damage. The polished wedge is then analyzed to quantify subsurface damage as a function of depth from the original surface. Large-area measurement using scanning optical microscopy provides for improved accuracy and reliability over methods such as the COM ball-dimple technique. Examples of the technique's use will be presented that illustrate the behavior of subsurface damage in fused silica that arises during a variety of intermediate optical fabrication process steps. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Menapace, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 808,7000 E Ave,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM menapace1@llnl.gov RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5991 AR 599103 DI 10.1117/12.638839 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500003 ER PT S AU Miller, PE Suratwala, TI Wong, LL Feit, MD Menapace, JA Davis, PJ Steele, RA AF Miller, PE Suratwala, TI Wong, LL Feit, MD Menapace, JA Davis, PJ Steele, RA BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Lewis, KL Ristau, D Soileau, MJ Stolz, CJ TI The distribution of subsurface damage in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2005 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY SEP 19-21, 2005 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Laser Zentrum Hannover e V, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, QinetiQ, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, FPCE, Univ Cent Florida HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE subsurface damage; diagnostics; optical finishing; optical fabrication ID SURFACE AB Managing subsurface damage during the shaping process and removing subsurface damage during the polishing process is essential in the production of low damage density optical components, such as those required for use on high peak power lasers. Removal of subsurface damage, during the polishing process, requires polishing to a depth which is greater than the depth of the residual cracks present following the shaping process. To successfully manage, and ultimately remove subsurface damage, understanding the distribution and character of fractures in the subsurface region introduced during fabrication process is important. We have characterized the depth and morphology of subsurface fractures present following fixed abrasive and loose abrasive grinding processes. At shallow depths lateral cracks and an overlapping series of trailing indentation fractures were found to be present. At greater depths, subsurface damage consists of a series of trailing indentation fractures. The area density of trailing fractures changes as a function of depth, however the length and shape of individual cracks remain nearly constant for a given grinding process. We have developed and applied a model to interpret the depth and crack length distributions of subsurface surface damage in terms of key variables including abrasive size and load. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-6013-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5991 AR 599101 DI 10.1117/12.638821 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BDU07 UT WOS:000235335500001 ER PT J AU U'Ren, AB Silberhorn, C Banaszek, K Walmsley, IA Erdmann, R Grice, WP Raymer, MG AF U'Ren, AB Silberhorn, C Banaszek, K Walmsley, IA Erdmann, R Grice, WP Raymer, MG TI Generation of pure-state single-photon wavepackets by conditional preparation based on spontaneous parametiric downconversion SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOWN-CONVERSION; QUANTUM; ENTANGLEMENT; INFORMATION; PULSE; PUMP AB We study the conditional preparation of single photons based on parametric downconversion, where the detection of one photon from a given pair heralds the existence of a single photon in the conjugate mode. We derive conditions on the modal characteristics of the photon pairs, which ensure that the conditionally prepared single photons are quantum-mechanically pure. We propose specific experimental techniques that yield photon pairs ideally suited for single-photon conditional preparation. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. CICESE, Dept Opt, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Rome Air Force Lab, Rome, NY USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oregon, Oregon Ctr Opt, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP U'Ren, AB (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM walmsley@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Silberhorn, Christine/J-4919-2013; Banaszek, Konrad/B-6799-2012; Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013; OI Silberhorn, Christine/0000-0002-2349-5443; Banaszek, Konrad/0000-0002-5389-6897; Grice, Warren/0000-0003-4266-4692 NR 21 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 10 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 146 EP 161 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 896RK UT WOS:000226951000020 ER PT S AU LaFortune, KN Hurd, RL Brase, JM Yamamoto, RM AF LaFortune, KN Hurd, RL Brase, JM Yamamoto, RM BE Kudryashov, AV Paxton, AH TI Intracavity, adaptive correction of a high-average-power, solid-state, heat-capacity laser SO LASER RESONATORS AND BEAM CONTROL VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Resonators and Beam Control VIII CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID OPTICS AB The Solid-State, Heat-Capacity Laser (SSHCL) program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a multi-generation laser development effort scalable to the megawatt power levels. Wavefront quality is a driving metric of its performance. A deformable mirror with over 100 degrees of freedom situated within the cavity is used to correct both the static and dynamic aberrations sensed with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The laser geometry is an unstable, confocal resonator with a clear aperture of 10 cm x 10 cm. It operates in a pulsed mode at a high repetition rate (up to 200 Hz) with a correction being applied before each pulse. Wavefront information is gathered in real-time from a low-power pick-off of the high-power beam. It is combined with historical trends of aberration growth to calculate a correction that is both feedback and feed-forward driven. The overall system design, measurement techniques and correction algorithms are discussed. Experimental results are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5682-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5708 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1117/12.597467 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCH97 UT WOS:000229382400001 ER PT S AU Whitney, R Douglas, D Neil, G AF Whitney, R Douglas, D Neil, G BE Wood, GL TI Airborne megawatt class free-electron laser for defense and security SO Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Source and System Technology for Defense and Security CY MAR 28-29, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE free-electron laser; FEL; laser; airborne; megawatt; airship; relay mirror AB An airborne megawatt (MW) average power Free-Electron Laser (FEL) is now a possibility. In the process of shrinking the FEL parameters to fit on ship, a surprisingly lightweight and compact design has been achieved. There are multiple motivations for using a FEL for a high-power airborne system for Defense and Security: Diverse mission requirements can be met by a single system. The MW of light can be made available with any time structure for time periods from microseconds to hours, i.e. there is a nearly unlimited magazine. The wavelength of the light can be chosen to be from the far infrared (IR) to the near ultraviolet (UV) thereby best meeting mission requirements. The FEL light can be modulated for detecting the same pattern in the small fraction of light reflected from the target resulting in greatly enhanced targeting control. The entire MW class FEL including all of its subsystems can be carried by large commercial size airplanes or on an airship. Adequate electrical power can be generated on the plane or airship to run the FEL as long as the plane or airship has fuel to fly. The light from the FEL will work well with relay mirror systems. The required R&D to achieve the MW level is well understood. The coupling of the capabilities of an airborne FEL to diverse mission requirements provides unique opportunities. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Whitney, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5777-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5792 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.603906 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BCR87 UT WOS:000230976800013 ER PT B AU Goodman, M AF Goodman, M BE Curtright, T Mintz, S Perlmutter, A TI Plans for experiments to measure theta(13) SO LAUNCHING OF LA BELLE EPOQUE OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS & COSMOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Coral Gables Conference High Energy Physics and Cosmology CY DEC 17-21, 2003 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL AB New experiments at accelerators and reactors are being designed to search for a possible non-zero value of the MNS matrix parameter theta(13). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goodman, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-202-8 PY 2005 BP 232 EP 239 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDL74 UT WOS:000234182200029 ER PT S AU Steinwart, I Scovel, C AF Steinwart, I Scovel, C BE Auer, P Meir, R TI Fast rates for support vector machines SO LEARNING THEORY, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual Conference on Learning Theory (COLT 2005) CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Bertinoro, ITALY SP Mach Learning Journal, Google Inc, Bertinoro Int Ctr Informat, PASCAL, Univ Degli Studi Milano ID CLASSIFICATION; CONSISTENCY; CLASSIFIERS AB We establish learning rates to the Bayes risk for support vector machines (SVMs) using a regularization sequence lambda(n) = n(-alpha), where a G (0, 1) is arbitrary. Under a noise condition recently proposed by Tsybakov these rates can become faster than n(-1/2). In order to deal with the approximation error we present a general concept called the approximation error function which describes how well the infinite sample versions of the considered SVMs approximate the data-generating distribution. In addition we discuss in some detail the relation between the "classical" approximation error and the approximation error function. Finally, for distributions satisfying a geometric noise assumption we establish some learning rates when the used RKHS is a Sobolev space. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26556-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3559 BP 279 EP 294 DI 10.1007/11503415_19 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCQ49 UT WOS:000230769100019 ER PT J AU West, R Burke, J Kerfeld, C Mendelowitz, E Holton, T Lewis, JP Drucker, E Yan, WH AF West, R Burke, J Kerfeld, C Mendelowitz, E Holton, T Lewis, JP Drucker, E Yan, WH TI Both and neither: in silico v1.0, Ecce homology SO LEONARDO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Conference of the College-Art-Association CY FEB 18-21, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP Coll Art Assoc ID DNA AB Ecce Homology, a physically interactive new-media work, visualizes genetic data as calligraphic forms. A novel computer-vision user interface allows multiple participants, through their movement in the installation space, to select genes from the human genome for visualizing the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), a primary algorithm in comparative genomics. Ecce Homology was successfully installed in the UCLA Fowler Museum, 6 November 2003-4 January 2004. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Hyper Media Studio, Sch Theater Film & Televis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ So Calif, Comp Graph & Immers Technol Lab, Integrated Media Syst Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Keck Bioinformat User FAcil, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP West, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0043, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rwest@ncmir.ncsd.edu; jburke@hupermedia.ucla.edu; kerfeld@mbi.ucla.edu; eitan@hypermedia.ucla.edu; tomholton@yahoo.com; zilla@computer.org; ethan@cs.ucla.edu; wyan@chem.ucla.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0024-094X J9 LEONARDO JI Leonardo PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 286 EP + DI 10.1162/0024094054762089 PG 9 WC Art SC Art GA 955ME UT WOS:000231229200006 ER PT S AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI All solid-state high-efficiency source for satellite-based UV ozone DIAL SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring V CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE nonlinear optics; optical parametric oscillator; image rotation; self injection-seeding; idler seeding; nonplanar rinor oscillator; sum-frequency generation; refractive beam shaping; flat-top spatial profiles; all solid-state; UV ozone DIAL ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; IMPROVED BEAM QUALITY; MEASURED PERFORMANCE; NONLINEAR CRYSTALS; FREQUENCY; DESIGN AB During the past several years Sandia National Laboratories has carried out proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate tunable, efficient, high-energy ultraviolet nanosecond light sources for satellite-based ozone DIAL. We designed our UV sources to generate pulse energies 200 mJ at 10 Hz in the range of 308-320 nm with optical-to-optical efficiency approaching 25%. We use sum-frequency generation to mix the 532 nm second harmonic of Nd:YAG with near-IR light derived from a self-injection-seeded image-rotating nonplanar-ring optical parametric oscillator. Laboratory configurations using extra- and intra-cavity sum-frequency generation were designed and tested, yielding 1064 nm to 320 nm conversion efficiencies of 21% and 23% respectively with pulse energies of 190 mJ and 70 mJ. These energies and efficiencies require pump depletion in the parametric oscillator of at least 80% and SFG efficiency approaching 60%. While the results reported here fall slightly short of our original goals, we believe UV pulse energies exceeding. 250 mJ are possible with additional refinements to our technology. Although the sources tested to date are laboratory prototypes with extensive diagnostics, the core components are compact and mechanically robust and can easily be packaged for satellite deployment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1128, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1128, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5614-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5653 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1117/12.579615 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBT00 UT WOS:000227658800001 ER PT S AU Polonsky, IN Davis, AB Love, SP AF Polonsky, IN Davis, AB Love, SP BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Wide Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL): Theory of operation, cross-platform validation, and potential applications. SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring V CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE lidar; multiple scattering; cloud remote sensing AB The Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL), a new instrument that measures cloud optical and geometrical properties by means of off-beam lidar returns, was deployed as part of a multi-instrument campaign to probe a cloud field at ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) Southern Great Plain (SGP) site on March 25, 2002. WAIL is designed to determine physical and geometrical characteristics using the off-beam component of the lidar return that can be adequately modeled within the diffusion approximation. Using WAIL data, we estimate the extinction coefficient and geometrical thickness of a dense cloud layer, from there, we infer optical thickness. Results from the new methodology agree well with counterparts obtained from other instruments located permanently at the SGP ARM site and from the WAIL-like airborne instrument that flew over the site during our observation period. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Polonsky, IN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5614-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5653 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.581343 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBT00 UT WOS:000227658800011 ER PT S AU Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP AF Kliner, DAV Koplow, JP BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Power scaling of rare-earth-doped fiber sources SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring V CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE DE fiber; laser; amplifier; multimode; double clad; rare-earth doped; Yb; bend loss; mode filtering ID AMPLIFIER; LASER AB Single-mode (SM) fiber lasers and amplifiers are constrained to low output powers by fundamental physical limitations Of the fiber, specifically.. by low energy storage and by the onset of nonlinear processes in the fiber. The simplest way to overcome both limiting factors is to increase the core size, but maintaining SM operation imposes an upper limit. Further power scaling is possible with multimode (MM) fiber, but the poor beam quality generally associated MM fiber is unacceptable for many applications. We have developed a technique (bend-loss-induced mode filtering) that allows the core size to be increased significantly beyond the SM limit while maintaining diffraction-limited beam quality and high efficiency. In this method, coiling, of the fiber is used as a form of distributed spatial filtering to suppress all but the fundamental mode of a highly MM fiber amplifier. Unlike conventional spatial filtering, in which high-order modes are discarded, the mode-filtering technique does not result is substantial loss of efficiency because high-order modes are suppressed along the entire length of the amplifier and are thus prevented from building up significant intensity. We will review this method and recent experimental results for both cw and pulsed fiber sources, including nonlinear frequency conversion of mode-filtered fiber lasers. Optical damage issues will also be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kliner, DAV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5614-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5653 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.580044 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBT00 UT WOS:000227658800027 ER PT S AU Neuman, W Pennington, D Dawson, J Drobshoff, A AF Neuman, W Pennington, D Dawson, J Drobshoff, A BE Singh, UN Mizutani, K TI Unique high-power fiber laser technologies SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring V CY NOV 09-11, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI SP SPIE ID EFFICIENT AB Continuous wave (CW) fiber laser systems with output powers in excess of 500 W with good beam quality have now been demonstrated, as have high energy, short pulse, fiber laser systems with output energies in excess of 1 mJ. Fiber laser systems are attractive for many applications because they offer the promise of high efficiency, compact, robust systems. We have investigated fiber lasers for a number of applications requiring high average power and/or pulse energy with good beam quality at a variety of wavelengths. This has led to the development of a number of custom and unique fiber lasers. These include a short pulse, large bandwidth Yb fiber laser for use as a front end for petawatt class laser systems and a narrow bandwidth 0.938 mu m output Nd fiber laser in the > 10 W power range. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Neuman, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5614-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5653 BP 262 EP 272 DI 10.1117/12.581425 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BBT00 UT WOS:000227658800028 ER PT S AU Robinson, TP AF Robinson, TP BE Kvande, H TI Evaluating and funding new technologies to support the US aluminum industry SO LIGHT METALS 2005 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE aluminum; energy; DOE; ITP AB Proposals for the research and development of new technologies that reduce energy consumption in the U.S. aluminum industry are evaluated and funded by The U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Office's Industrial Technologies Program (ITP). These proposals offer real opportunities to encourage and accelerate the development of new technologies that improve energy efficiency while strengthening the U.S. aluminum industry. ITP is currently partnering with 52 firms in 27 R&D projects that will reduce the energy consumed per unit of output of manufacturing aluminum. These projects range from high-risk energy and emissions reduction technologies to high-value melting technologies. This paper reports on how the current Aluminum portfolio is performing and how new proposals are evaluated, selected and funded. The paper provides researchers with working knowledge of the baselines, benchmarks and bandwidths used to evaluate new technologies and with the proposal merit review selection process. C1 US DOE, Ind Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Robinson, TP (reprint author), US DOE, Ind Technol Program, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-580-8 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2005 BP 489 EP 494 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX43 UT WOS:000228234700086 ER PT S AU Du, MT Han, QY Peterson, RD AF Du, MT Han, QY Peterson, RD BE Kvande, H TI Detection of water content in aluminum scrap with a fast neutron source (Cf-252) SO LIGHT METALS 2005 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE moisture detection; aluminum recycling; fast neutron source; thermal neutron sensor AB Aluminum scrap and remelt secondary ingot (RSI) may contain water in their internal voids. The presence of water can be a serious safety issue for the aluminum remelting industries. This article describes a method that utilizes neutrons for the rapid detection of water in solid aluminum materials based on the fact that neutrons interact with hydrogen atoms in the water molecules. A fast neutron source ((252)Cf) and a portable "slow-down" (backscattering) neutron detector are used for moisture detection. Initial experiments carried out with aluminum turnings indicate the detected slow neutron counts can be correlated to the hydrogen or water levels in aluminum scrap. The method has the potential of being used by the aluminum remelting industries for rapid, non-destructive detection of water in aluminum scrap or RSI. C1 ORNL, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Du, MT (reprint author), ORNL, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-580-8 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2005 BP 855 EP 859 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX43 UT WOS:000228234700151 ER PT S AU Golchert, BM Zhou, CQ Quenette, A Han, Q King, PE AF Golchert, BM Zhou, CQ Quenette, A Han, Q King, PE BE Kvande, H TI Combustion space modeling of an aluminum furnace SO LIGHT METALS 2005 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE aluminum furnace; furnace modeling; validation AB Secondary aluminum production (melting from aluminum ingots, scraps, etc.) offers significant energy savings and environmental benefits over primary aluminum production since the former consumes only five percent of the energy used in the latter process. The industry, however, faces technical challenges of further improving furnace melting efficiency and has been lacking tools that can help understand combustion process in detail and that will facilitate furnace design. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling has played increasingly important roles in evaluating industrial processes. As part of a larger program run by SECAT, a CFD model has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory to simulate fuel combustion, heat transfer (including thermal radiation), gaseous product flow (mainly CO(2) and H(2)O), and production/transport of pollutant species/greenhouse gases in an aluminum furnace. Using this code, the surface heat fluxes are calculated and then transferred to a melt code. In order to have a high level of confidence in the computed results, the output from the code will be compared and validated against in-furnace measurements made in the Albany furnace. Once validated, the combustion code may be used to perform inexpensive parametric studies to investigate methods to optimize furnace performance. This paper will present results from the combustion modeling of an aluminum furnace as well as results from several parametric studies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Golchert, BM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-580-8 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2005 BP 887 EP 892 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX43 UT WOS:000228234700156 ER PT S AU King, PE Hayes, MC Li, T Han, Q Hassan, M Golchert, BM AF King, PE Hayes, MC Li, T Han, Q Hassan, M Golchert, BM BE Kvande, H TI Design and operation of an experimental reverberatory aluminum furnace SO LIGHT METALS 2005 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE aluminum furnace; furnace model; energy efficiency; aluminum melting AB The U. S. Dept. of Energy, Albany Research Center, in cooperation with industrial support through Secat, Inc. has designed, built and is operating a test-bed reverberatory furnace. Studies in the Albany Research Center (ARC) experimental reverberatory furnace (ERF) include melt efficiency as a function of combustion space volume, power input and charge alloy. This paper details the furnace design, experimental equipment, conditions, procedure, and measurements and includes results and discussions of melt efficiency studies. Specific results reported include an analysis of the overall efficiency of the furnace as a function of power input and the effect of changing the combustion space volume on the melting efficiency. An analytic analysis of the theoretical efficiency of the furnace is carried out to determine overall characteristics of the furnace. Experimental data is utilized to validate numerical (computational fluid dynamics) predictions. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP King, PE (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-580-8 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2005 BP 899 EP 904 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX43 UT WOS:000228234700158 ER PT S AU Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO Sampaio, JA AF Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO Sampaio, JA BE Kvande, H TI Crystal growth of RE-Si-Ge magnetocaloric materials SO LIGHT METALS 2005 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm DE magnetocaloric; RE-Si-Ge; single crystal ID GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4) AB Single crystals of RE5(SixGe1-x)(4) have been prepared by both the Bridgman and by the tri-arc crystal pulling method. Bridgman grown crystals, grown in welded tungsten crucibles, contained large grains but were severely cracked due to alloy/crucible thermal mismatch. The tri-arc method has the advantage of being crucible-less and the usable crystal size has been increased with this method. As with Bridgman grown crystals, tri-arc crystals solidified in the monoclinic phase with a slight increase in Si content and decrease in Ge content as the growth proceeded. This increase in Si:Ge ratio resulted in a slight increase in lattice parameter of the monoclinic phase and an increase in the magnetostructural transformation temperature of Delta T similar to 6K. AC susceptibility and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated a small fraction of orthorhombic phase was present throughout one ingot which accounts for the decrease in the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) values along the length of the ingot. C1 Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schlagel, DL (reprint author), Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Sampaio, Juraci/D-9707-2012 OI Sampaio, Juraci/0000-0002-8403-6718 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-580-8 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2005 BP 1177 EP 1180 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX43 UT WOS:000228234700204 ER PT S AU Ugurlu, O Chumbley, LS Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO AF Ugurlu, O Chumbley, LS Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA Pecharsky, AO BE Kvande, H TI Characterization of R(5)(Si(x)Ge(1-x))(4) alloys, where R is Gd, Tb, Dy and Er SO LIGHT METALS 2005 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Light Metals 2005 held at the 134th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, TMS Aluminum Comm ID RARE EARTH-GERMANIUM; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; SILICON COMPOUNDS; GD5SI4-GD5GE4; GD-5(SI2GE2); SYSTEM AB Bulk microstructures of R(5)(Si(x)Ge(1-x))(4) alloys, where R is Gd, Tb, Dy and Er, have been examined using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. The microstructure of all alloys consisted of large grains with linear features present within the grains. The features in general are on the order of I micron or less in width and hundreds of microns in length, and are seen in all alloys independent of their crystal structure. Single crystals of Gd(5)Si(2)Ge(2) have been used to study the crystal orientation of the linear features by using a combination of back-reflection Laue x-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM. Systematic tilting experiments of a single crystal of Gd(5)Si(2)Ge(2) with controlled polishing angles showed that these linear features grow in specific directions as thin plates. Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) results revealed that the plates have a composition approximating R(5)(Si(x)Ge(1-x))(3), and initial electron diffraction results using TEM are consistent with an hexagonal crystal structure. These results support an earlier study that suggested the features might possibly be a Widmanstatten structure that forms during sample preparation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ugurlu, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 206 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-580-8 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2005 BP 1181 EP 1185 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBX43 UT WOS:000228234700205 ER PT S AU Fujii, K Miller, DJ Soni, A AF Fujii, Keisuke Miller, David J. Soni, Amarjit BE Fujii, K Miller, DJ Soni, A TI LINEAR COLLIDER PHYSICS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM Preface SO LINEAR COLLIDER PHYSICS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Fujii, Keisuke] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Miller, David J.] UCL, London, England. [Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fujii, K (reprint author), Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-0324 BN 978-9-81270-349-1 J9 ADV S DIR H PY 2005 VL 19 BP V EP VI D2 10.1142/9789812703491 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BZF14 UT WOS:000301302400001 ER PT S AU Hewett, JL AF Hewett, JoAnne L. BE Fujii, K Miller, DJ Soni, A TI New Physics at the TeV Scale and Beyond SO LINEAR COLLIDER PHYSICS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE LEPTOQUARK PRODUCTION; KALUZA-KLEIN EXCITATIONS; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; RANDALL-SUNDRUM MODEL; E-GAMMA COLLISIONS; E+E-COLLIDERS; FUTURE COLLIDERS; GAUGE-FIELDS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; LOCALIZED GRAVITY C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hewett, JL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-0324 BN 978-9-81270-349-1; 978-9-81238-908-4 J9 ADV S DIR H PY 2005 VL 19 BP 331 EP 381 D2 10.1142/9789812703491 PG 51 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BZF14 UT WOS:000301302400008 ER PT S AU Atwood, D Soni, A AF Atwood, David Soni, Amarjit BE Fujii, K Miller, DJ Soni, A TI CP Violation at the Linear Collider SO LINEAR COLLIDER PHYSICS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; QUARK PAIR PRODUCTION; NEUTRAL HIGGS-BOSON; TOP-QUARK; SECONDARY LEPTONS; ENERGY CORRELATION; E+E COLLIDERS; FORM-FACTORS; NONSTANDARD INTERACTIONS; DOUBLET MODELS AB We briefly review here the key physics opportunities that the linear collider offers for exploring CP-violation phenomena. In particular, production and decays of the top quark provide an important avenue for this study. The CP-phase in the CKM-paradigm causes completely negligible effects here and any observed CP asymmetry must originate from beyond the SM effects. The fact that the top decays provide information on its spin orientation is a powerful tool that can be used in this context especially to study dipole moment (or form factor) effects. Reactions such as e(+) e(-) -> t (t) over bar, e(+) e(-) -> Z + h, t (t) over bar+ h, Z, g and nu(e)(nu) over bar (e) are also discussed. C1 [Atwood, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, High Energy Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-0324 BN 978-9-81270-349-1 J9 ADV S DIR H PY 2005 VL 19 BP 437 EP 461 D2 10.1142/9789812703491 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BZF14 UT WOS:000301302400011 ER PT S AU Fujii, K Peskin, ME AF Fujii, Keisuke Peskin, Michael E. BE Fujii, K Miller, DJ Soni, A TI Overall Perspective SO LINEAR COLLIDER PHYSICS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM SE Advanced Series on Directions in High Energy Physics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID TESTS C1 [Fujii, Keisuke] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Peskin, Michael E.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Fujii, K (reprint author), Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. EM keisuke.fujii@kek.jp; mpeskin@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 0218-0324 BN 978-9-81270-349-1; 978-9-81238-908-4 J9 ADV S DIR H PY 2005 VL 19 BP 463 EP 490 D2 10.1142/9789812703491 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BZF14 UT WOS:000301302400012 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Grzonka, D Czyzykiewicz, R Oelert, W Rozek, T Winter, P TI Charmonium in p-p annihilation SO Low Energy Antiproton Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP 2005) CY MAY 16-22, 2005 CL Bonn, GERMANY SP Forsch Zentrum Julich, Deutsch Foresh Gemeinsch, HiEnergy Technologies Inc, Deutsch Telekom Stift, iseg Spezialelektronik, BICRON Elect Co, WIENER Plein & Baus, Pfeiffer Vacuum DE charmonium; antiproton; hybrid mesons ID QUARK-MODEL; DECAY AB In this contribution we discuss some recent theoretical predictions for the properties of higher mass charmonium states, especially the spectrum of states and their dominant open-charm strong decays. Aspects of the physics of charmoniurn that can be studied using proton-antiproton annihilation at the future GSI experiment PANDA in particular are noted. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0284-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 796 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDN12 UT WOS:000234406300008 ER PT S AU Bergeon, N Trivedi, R Billia, B Echebarria, B Karma, A Liu, S Weiss, C Mangelinck, N AF Bergeon, N Trivedi, R Billia, B Echebarria, B Karma, A Liu, S Weiss, C Mangelinck, N BE Narayanan, R Chui, TCP TI Necessity of investigating microstructure formation during directional solidification of transparent alloys in 3D SO LOW GRAVITY PHENOMENA AND CONDENSED MATTER EXPERIMENTS IN SPACE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 18-25, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Comm Space Res DE directional solidification; microstructure formation; dendrites; convection; microgravity AB The properties of structural materials are to a large extent determined by the solid microstructure so that the understanding of the fundamental physics of microstructure formation is critical in the engineering of materials. Also, microstructure selection occurs during the dynamical growth process so that in situ observation of spatio-temporal evolution of the solid-liquid interface shape is necessary. Under terrestrial conditions convection effects dominate in bulk samples, which prevents precise characterization of microstructure selection. Diffusion-controlled experiments in thin samples give microstructures that are neither 2D nor 3D. Rigorous theoretical models using the phase-field method have shown that the fundamental physics of pattern selection in 2D and 3D is significantly different. A benchmark experimental study in bulk samples is thus required under low gravity conditions. In the frame of the joint work of DSIP and MISOL3D projects, respectively, selected by NASA and CNES, microgravity experiments in a model transparent system are planned on ISS using the directional solidification insert (DSI) in the DECLIC facility. The critical aspects of hardware design, the key fundamental issues identified through 1g-experiments, the proposed study on ISS, and the results of rigorous theoretical modeling are presented. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille, L2MP, Fac St Jerome, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Bergeon, N (reprint author), Univ Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille, L2MP, Fac St Jerome, Case 142, F-13397 Marseille 20, France. EM bergeon@L2MP.fr RI Echebarria, Blas/K-5247-2014; Bergeon, Nathalie/D-5643-2012 OI Echebarria, Blas/0000-0003-0503-1781; NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD 0X5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 SI 2005 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.092 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BDT04 UT WOS:000235191400012 ER PT S AU Ding, C He, XF Simon, HD AF Ding, C He, XF Simon, HD BE Gama, J Camacho, R Brazdil, P Jorge, A Torgo, L TI Nonnegative Lagrangian relaxation of K-means and spectral clustering SO MACHINE LEARNING: ECML 2005, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML)/9th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD) CY OCT 03-07, 2005 CL Oporto, PORTUGAL SP FCT, LIACC NIAAD AB We show that K-means and spectral clustering objective functions can be written as a trace of quadratic forms. Instead of relaxation by eigenvectors, we propose a novel relaxation maintaining the nonnegativity of the cluster indicators and thus give the cluster posterior probabilities, therefore resolving cluster assignment difficulty in spectral relaxation. We derive a multiplicative updating algorithm to solve the nonnegative relaxation problem. The method is briefly extended to semi-supervised classification and semi-supervised clustering. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chqding@lbl.gov; xhe@lbl.gov; hdsimon@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29243-8 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2005 VL 3720 BP 530 EP 538 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDF41 UT WOS:000233235200051 ER PT S AU Karnowski, TP Kercher, AK Hunn, JD AF Karnowski, TP Kercher, AK Hunn, JD BE Price, JR Meriaudeau, F TI A simple optical system for real-time size measurements of TRISO fuel pellets SO Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection XIII CY JAN 17-18, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has begun the development of a program for the manufacturing and characterizing fuel pellets for use in advanced nuclear reactors. To achieve high reliability it is necessary to characterize the pellets during production runs. In this paper we present a simple TRISO Particle Counting And Sizing Tool (TP-CAST) that performs dual measurements of counting and size estimation for particles at rates up to 200 per second. The TP-CAST is based on a laser with line-generation optics and a PC-based data acquisition and analysis system. The instrument can measure 1000 micron pellets with a standard deviation of approximately 11 microns and with counting errors less than 0.075%. Our paper discusses the signal modeling, algorithms for size estimation, system design, and experimental results of the prototype TP-CAST system assembled at ORNL. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kercher, Andrew/K-1147-2016 OI Kercher, Andrew/0000-0003-1784-5686 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5652-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5679 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.584296 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCD03 UT WOS:000228692100008 ER PT S AU Carpenter, JA AF Carpenter, JA BE Ke, W Han, EH Han, YF Kainer, K Luo, AA TI The FreedomCAR and hydrogen fuels initiative and magnesium SO MAGNESIUM - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnesium - Science, Technology and Applications CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE materials; automotive; lightweight; magnesium; casting AB The USA's transportation system is nearly completely dependent on petroleum. Petroleum is used to satisfy 95 percent of America's transportation energy needs, consuming two-thirds of all the petroleum used. Since roughly 55 percent of petroleum is imported from abroad, the implications of this dependency on USA's energy security are readily apparent. Therefore, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Council for Automotive Research (USCAR) announced in January 2002 a new cooperative research effort known as the FreedomCAR Partnership to fund high-risk, high-payoff research into advanced automotive technologies with the potential for dramatically lowering this dependence. The new partnership replaced and built upon the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) that ran from 1993 to 2001 [1]. In January 2003, the energy-supply industry joined the FreedomCAR Partnership forming the FreedomCAR and Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (FC&HFI) to develop the technologies needed for the mass production of fuel-cell vehicles using hydrogen as fuel and the infrastructure needed to deliver the hydrogen to the consumer. The goal is to enable the automotive and energy-supply industries to make commercialization decisions in 2015 on large-scale introduction of such vehicles and on developing the infrastructure beginning in 2020. The long-term transition of vehicles from gasoline to hydrogen is viewed as critical in lowering the dependence of the U.S. economy on foreign oil, and in reducing the environfiiental impact of the personal transportation sector. In addition to the longer-term work on fuel cells and hydrogen infrastructure, the FC&HFI conducts research on technologies with the potential for shorter-term energy efficiency and environmental benefits, such as new engine concepts, lightweight materials, and hybrid propulsion components. Magnesium is one of several lightweight materials being researched. This paper discusses the FC&HFI and its work on magnesium. C1 US DOE, Off Freedom CAR & Vehicle Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP US DOE, Off Freedom CAR & Vehicle Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM joseph.carpenter@ee.doe.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-968-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 488-489 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCO26 UT WOS:000230390900003 ER PT S AU Song, GL Bowles, AL St John, DH AF Song, GL Bowles, AL St John, DH BE Ke, W Han, EH Han, YF Kainer, K Luo, AA TI Effect of aging on yield stress and corrosion resistance of die cast magnesium alloy SO MAGNESIUM - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnesium - Science, Technology and Applications CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE magnesium; corrosion; strength; microstructure ID AZ91 AB Corrosion resistance is an important property that could be affected by the ageing process. In order to investigate whether aging affects the corrosion resistance, corrosion rate and yield strength of diecast magnesium alloy AZ91D were measured and analysed after ageing. It was found that the dependence of the corrosion rate on ageing time can be ascribed to the changes in microstructure of the alloy and chemical composition of its matrix. Precipitation of the P phase (Mg17Al12) occurred along the grain boundaries during the initial ageing stages, resulting in a decreasing corrosion rate and an inceasing yield strength. In the later stages, the decreasing aluminium content in the alpha matrix made it more active, causing an increase in the corrosion rate. The decrease in aluminium content in the matrix also leads to a decrease in yield strength. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Div Mat Engn, CRC Cast Met Mfg CAST, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Queensland, Sch Engn, Div Mat Engn, CRC Cast Met Mfg CAST, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM g.song@minmet.uq.edu.au; bowlesal@ornl.gov; d.stjohn@minmet.uq.edu.au RI Song, Guang-Ling/D-9540-2013 OI Song, Guang-Ling/0000-0002-9802-6836 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-968-7 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 488-489 BP 709 EP 712 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BCO26 UT WOS:000230390900160 ER PT B AU Bowles, AL Han, Q Horton, JA AF Bowles, AL Han, Q Horton, JA BE Neelameggham, N Kaplan, HI Powell, BR TI Castability of magnesium alloys SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology 2005 held at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Magnesium Comm Light Met Div DE magnesium; castability ID BEHAVIOR AB There is intense research effort into the development of high pressure die cast-able creep resistant magnesium alloys. One of the difficulties encountered in magnesium alloy development for creep resistance is that many additions made to improve the creep properties have reportedly resulted in alloys that are difficult to cast. It is therefore important to have an understanding of the effect of alloying elements on the castability. This paper gives a review of the state of the knowledge of the castability of magnesium alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-582-4 PY 2005 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBW19 UT WOS:000228100300018 ER PT B AU Horton, JA Blue, CA Muth, T Bowles, AL Agnew, SR AF Horton, JA Blue, CA Muth, T Bowles, AL Agnew, SR BE Neelameggham, N Kaplan, HI Powell, BR TI Infrared processing of magnesium wrought alloys SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology 2005 held at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Magnesium Comm Light Met Div DE processing; infrared; wrought AB High density infrared (HDI) processing of magnesium alloy sheet allows rapid heat up and cool down and may facilitate a continuous cast/roll process, thereby reducing costs. In a previous study, a plasma arc lamp resulted in an anneal in seconds that compared well to a normal 1 h 500 degrees C anneal. The current study on AZ31 used a bank of quartz infrared lamps both in a lab setting and in a demonstration test at a commercial facility (Manufacturing Sciences, Inc.). Typical reheats and anneals between rolling passes required 2 to 5 minutes for rolling 6 mm sheet down to 1 mm. Tensile tests showed comparable results to normal processing. The near surface microstructure was similar to the center of the sheets. No gross progressive or cumulative effect on mechanical properties was observed from pass to pass. Good surface quality with minimal edge cracking was produced. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Horton, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-582-4 PY 2005 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBW19 UT WOS:000228100300028 ER PT B AU Cady, CM Korzekwa, RC Cerreta, E Lopez, MF Gray, GT AF Cady, CM Korzekwa, RC Cerreta, E Lopez, MF Gray, GT BE Neelameggham, N Kaplan, HI Powell, BR TI A comparison of the mechanical response high purity magnesium and AZ31 magnesium alloy SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2005 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Symposium on Magnesium Technology 2005 held at the TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 13-17, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Magnesium Comm Light Met Div C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-582-4 PY 2005 BP 515 EP 515 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBW19 UT WOS:000228100300086 ER PT S AU Yamada, M Ji, HT Kulsrud, R Kuritsyn, A Ren, Y Gerhardt, S Breslau, J AF Yamada, M Ji, HT Kulsrud, R Kuritsyn, A Ren, Y Gerhardt, S Breslau, J BE DeGouveiaDal Pino, EM Lugones, G Lazarian, A TI Study of magnetic reconnection in a laboratory experiment SO MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE UNIVERSE: FROM LABORATORY AND STARS TO PRIMORDIAL STRUCTURES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Magnetic Fields in the Universe - From Laboratory and Stars to Primordial Structures CY NOV 28-DEC 03, 2004 CL Angra dos Reis, BRAZIL SP Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Pisa, Univ Wisconsin Madison DE plasma; magnetic reconnection; current sheet; two-fluid MHD; Hall effect; Sweet-Parker model; electro-magnetic fluctuations ID CURRENT SHEET FORMATION; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; PLASMA; FIELDS; RELAXATION; SPHEROMAKS; PHYSICS AB This paper reviews the most recent findings of the laboratory experiment which address the local physics of magnetic reconnection, and related physics issues. In particular, physics analysis of the experimental data from Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) based on the one-fluid MHD and the two-fluid MHD formulations are comparatively highlighted. Major results are: (1) Reduced magnetic reconnection rate measured with externally applied guide field, (2) Experimental verification of Hall MHD effects in the Harris-type neutral sheet, with the width comparable to the ion skin depth, during magnetic reconnection, (3) Recognition of correlation between magnetic turbulence and reconnection rate, and (4) Discussions with regard to scalings for magnetic reconnection observed in MRX, particularly on the transition from the collisional to the collisionless regime. This paper also briefly discusses the basic goals and approaches of the new initiatives to study magnetic reconnection as a part of magnetic self-organization phenomena, a common frontier of both laboratory and space astrophysics research. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM myamada@pppl.gov RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0273-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 784 BP 27 EP 41 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDI28 UT WOS:000233597400003 ER PT B AU Wind, RA Bertram, HC Hu, JZ AF Wind, RA Bertram, HC Hu, JZ BE Engelsen, SB Belton, PS Jakobsen, HJ TI Slow-MAS NMR methods to study metabolic processes in vivo and in vitro SO Magnetic Resonance in Food Science: The Multivariate Challenge LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Food Science CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Royal Vet & Agr Univ ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; RESOLUTION H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; TISSUES; SOLIDS; H-1; SAMPLES; OIL C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-85404-648-8 PY 2005 BP 156 EP 165 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA BDY92 UT WOS:000236272200018 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Mossle, M Myers, W Kelso, N Trabesinger, AH Pines, A Clarke, J AF Lee, SK Mossle, M Myers, W Kelso, N Trabesinger, AH Pines, A Clarke, J TI SQUID-detected MRI at 132 mu T with T(1)-weighted contrast established at 10 mu T-300 mT SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE low-field MRI; SQUID; T(1)-weighted contrast; relaxation dispersion ID MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RELAXOMETRY; TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPERSION AB T(1)-weighted contrast MRI with prepolarization was detected with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). A spin evolution period in a variable field between prepolarization and detection enabled the measurement of T(1) in fields between 1.7 muT and 300 mT; T, dispersion curves of agarose gel samples over five decades in frequency were obtained. SQUID detection at 5.6 kHz drastically reduces the field homogeneity requirements compared to conventional field-cycling methods using Faraday coil detection. This allows T(1) dispersion measurements to be easily combined with MRI, so that T(1) in a wide range of fields can be used for tissue contrast. Images of gel phantoms with T(1)-weighted contrast at four different fields between 10 muT and 300 mT demonstrated dramatic contrast enhancement in low fields. A modified inversion recovery technique further enhanced the contrast by selectively suppressing the signal contribution for a specific value of the low-field T(1). Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lsk@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Lee, Seung-Kyun/A-3464-2008; Trabesinger, Andreas/J-2008-2016 OI Lee, Seung-Kyun/0000-0001-7625-3141; Trabesinger, Andreas/0000-0003-3078-8399 NR 20 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGN RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1002/mrm.20316 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 888NE UT WOS:000226380700003 PM 15690496 ER PT J AU Robinson, KO Petersen, AM Morrison, SN Elso, CM Stubbs, L AF Robinson, KO Petersen, AM Morrison, SN Elso, CM Stubbs, L TI Two reciprocal translocations provide new clues to the high mutability of the Grid2 locus SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID DELTA-2 GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; DOMINANT LETHAL; PURKINJE-CELLS; GENE FAMILY; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; MICE; CHANNEL; PROTEIN AB We describe two new mutations, 153Gso and 154Gso, associated with reciprocal translocations with a common breakpoint in mouse chromosome 6B3 (Mmu6B3). The translocations arose independently in offspring of male mice treated with chlorambucil and glycidamide, respectively. Homozygotes of both mutant stocks display a characteristic gait ataxia with 'foot-patting' behavior; despite their ataxia the mutant animals are healthy, long-lived, and breed normally. Breeding experiments confirmed that 153Gso and 154Gso mutations are allelic, and both fail to complement a known mutation hotfoot (ho), a Mmu6 mutation involving the glutamate receptor gene, Grid2, that is associated with a virtually identical phenotype. Our studies demonstrate that the 153Gso and 154Gso mutations disrupt the Grid2 gene at sites located more than 100 kb apart in intron 6 and intron 4 of the gene, respectively. The occurrence of two independent translocations from a relatively small colony within the same locus supports data suggesting the hypermutability of the Grid2 locus and suggest that the gene's large size make it an especially likely target for mutations involving genetic rearrangement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stubbs, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM stubbs5@llnl.gov OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s00335-004-2423-z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 884OW UT WOS:000226095900004 PM 15674731 ER PT S AU Linder, EV AF Linder, EV BE Colless, M StaveleySmith, L Stathakis, R TI Mapping the dark energy equation of state SO MAPS OF THE COSMOS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 14-17, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID OSCILLATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; SUPERNOVAE; SPACE AB The acceleration of the expansion of the universe has deep implications for structure formation, the composition of the universe, and its fate. Roughly 70% of the energy density is in a dark energy, whose nature remains unknown. Mapping the expansion history through supernovae, mapping the geometry of the universe and formation of structure through redshift surveys, and mapping the distance to recombination through. the cosmic microwave background provide complementary, precise probes of the equation of state of the dark energy. Together these next generation maps of the cosmos can reveal not only the value today, but the redshift variation, of the equation of state, providing a critical clue to the underlying physics. C1 Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,M-S 50R5008, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM evlinder@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-202-4 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2005 IS 216 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDE52 UT WOS:000233081400007 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Burton, EJ Kerr, LA Cailliet, GM Coale, KH Lundstrom, CC Brown, TA AF Andrews, AH Burton, EJ Kerr, LA Cailliet, GM Coale, KH Lundstrom, CC Brown, TA TI Bomb radiocarbon and lead-radium disequilibria in otoliths of bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis): a determination of age and longevity for a difficult-to-age fish SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Fish Otolith Research and Application CY JUL 11-16, 2004 CL Townsville, AUSTRALIA DE growth; lead-radium dating; longevity; Scorpaenidae ID LONG-LIVED FISHES; MACRURONUS-NOVAEZELANDIAE; BLUE GRENADIER; VALIDATION; GROWTH; RUBERRIMUS; ATLANTICUS; COASTAL; WATERS; ALASKA AB Longevity estimates for the bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis) using traditional techniques range from less than 20 years to approximately 50 years. Otoliths of bocaccio are difficult to age, and previous attempts to validate ages have been unsuccessful. Because otolith age suggests the bocaccio are reasonably long-lived, lead-radium dating was used in an attempt to independently age bocaccio otoliths. The measured (210)Pb and (226)Ra activities were among the lowest reported and resulted in poor radiometric age resolution; however, the break-and-burn technique clearly underestimated age in some cases with the longevity of the bocaccio being at least 31 years. To provide better age resolution, the bomb radiocarbon approach was applied to individual otoliths. Based on measured radiocarbon levels relative to a reference time-series, several specimens were aged at approximately 30-40 years. To evaluate these determinations, the remaining otolith of the pair was sectioned and aged blind. The result was an excellent fit to the reference time-series and a validation of the age estimates. The maximum age from growth zone counts was 37 +/- 2 years, which is consistent with a reported maximum age of approximately 50 years. C1 Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM andrews@mlml.calstate.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2005 VL 56 IS 5 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1071/MF04224 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 947WW UT WOS:000230679000005 ER PT J AU Sherwood, OA Scott, DB Risk, MJ Guilderson, TP AF Sherwood, OA Scott, DB Risk, MJ Guilderson, TP TI Radiocarbon evidence for annual growth rings in the deep-sea octocoral Primnoa resedaeformis SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Primnoa; deep-sea coral; octocoral; growth rings; gorgonin; bomb radiocarbon ID BOMB RADIOCARBON; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DESMOPHYLLUM-CRISTAGALLI; AGE VALIDATION; CORALS; VARIABILITY; OTOLITHS; C-14 AB The deep-sea gorgonian octocoral Primnoa resedaeformis is distributed throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at depths of 65 to 3200 m. It has a 2-part skeleton of calcite and gorgonin. Towards the inside of the axial skeleton gorgonin and calcite are deposited in concentric growth rings, similar to tree rings. Colonies were collected from the NE Channel (NW Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Nova Scotia, Canada) from depths of 250 to 475 m. Radiocarbon was measured in individual rings isolated from sections of each colony, after dissolution of calcite. Each Delta C-14 measurement was paired with a ring age determined by 3 amateur ring counters. The precision of ring counts averaged better than +/- 2 yr. Accurate reconstruction of 20th century bomb-radiocarbon showed that (1) the growth rings are formed annually, (2) the gorgonin is derived from surface particulate organic matter (POM) and (3) useful environmental data are recorded in the organic endoskeletons of deep-sea octocorals. These results support the use of R resedaeformis as a long-term, high resolution monitor of ocean surface conditions, particularly in temperate and boreal environments where proxy data are lacking. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Sherwood, OA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM osherwoo@dal.ca NR 24 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 301 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.3354/meps301129 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 988CT UT WOS:000233569700011 ER PT J AU Sherwood, OA Heikoop, JM Scott, DB Risk, MJ Guilderson, TP McKinney, RA AF Sherwood, OA Heikoop, JM Scott, DB Risk, MJ Guilderson, TP McKinney, RA TI Stable isotopic composition of deep-sea gorgonian corals Primnoa spp.: a new archive of surface processes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Primnoa; gorgonin; delta C-13; delta N-15; trophic level; paleoceanography ID LEPTOGORGIA-SARMENTOSA CNIDARIA; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; ARCTIC NORTHEAST PACIFIC; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; GEORGES BANK; PARAMURICEA-CLAVATA; NITRATE UTILIZATION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SINKING PARTICLES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB The deep-sea gorgonian coral Primnoa spp. live in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans at depths of 65 to 3200 m. They have an arborescent growth form with a skeletal axis composed of annual rings made from calcite and gorgonin. Lifespans may exceed several hundreds of years. It has been suggested that isotope profiles from the gorgonin fraction of the skeleton could be used to reconstruct long-term, annual-scale variations in surface productivity. We tested assumptions about the trophic level, intra- and inter-colony isotopic reproducibility, and preservation of isotopic signatures in a suite of modern and fossil specimens. Measurements of gorgonin delta N-15 indicate that Primnoa spp. feed mainly on zooplankton and/or sinking particulate organic matter (POMsink), and not on suspended POM (POMsusp) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Gorgonin delta C-13 and delta N-15 in specimens from NE Pacific shelf waters, NW Atlantic slope waters, the Sea of Japan, and a South Pacific (Southern Ocean sector) seamount were strongly correlated with surface apparent oxygen utilization (AOU; the best available measure of surface productivity), demonstrating coupling between skeletal isotopic ratios and biophysical processes in surface water. Time-series isotopic profiles from different sections along the same colony, and different colonies inhabiting the same area were identical for delta C-13, while delta N-15 profiles were less reproducible. Similarity in C:N, delta C-13 and delta(15) N between modern and fossil specimens suggest that isotopic signatures are preserved over millennial timescales. These results support the use of Primnoa spp. as historical recorders of surface water processes such as biological productivity and the isotopic composition of source nutrients. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. McMaster Univ, Sch Geog & Geol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Sherwood, OA (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Ctr Environm & Marine Geol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM osherwoo@dal.ca RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 65 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2005 VL 301 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.3354/meps301135 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 988CT UT WOS:000233569700012 ER PT J AU Adams, SM AF Adams, SM TI Assessing cause and effect of multiple stressors on marine systems SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology CY JUN, 2004 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE causal relationships; multiple stressors; indirect effects; bioindicators; biomarkers; environmental diagnosis ID ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT; WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS; WATER-QUALITY; ESTABLISHING CAUSALITY; SEDIMENT QUALITY; GREAT-LAKES; BIOMARKERS; FISH AB An operational framework is developed to serve as a guideline for investigating causal relationships between environmental stressors and effects on marine biota. Because of the complexity and variability of many marine systems, multiple lines of evidence are needed to understand relationships between stressors and effects on marine resources. Within this framework, a weight of evidence approach based on multiple lines of evidence are developed and applied in a sequential manner by (1) characterizing the study system which involves determining if target biota are impaired, assessment of food and habitat availability, and measuring contaminant levels in the environment, (2) assessing direct effects of contaminant exposure on target biota using biomarkers and assessing indirect effects of exposure using suites of bioindicators, and (3) applying standard causal criteria based on epidemiological principles and diagnostic health profiling techniques to assess potential causes. Use of multiple lines of evidence should also reduce the risk of false positives (Type I error or falsely concluding that there is a causal relationship when there is none) and false negatives (Type II error or falsely concluding there is not a causal relationship when there actually is). Understanding causal relationships and the mechanistic processes between environmental stressors and effects on biota is important in the effective management and restoration of impaired marine ecosystems. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM adamssm@ornl.gov NR 48 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 10 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PY 2005 VL 51 IS 8-12 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.040 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 995DI UT WOS:000234079700004 PM 16291182 ER PT J AU Hou, RY Saunders, SRJ AF Hou, RY Saunders, SRJ TI A survey of test methods for scale adhesion measurement SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scale Growth and Exfoliation in Steam Plant CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Teddington, ENGLAND SP Elect Power Res Inst DE spallation of oxides sales; scale adhesion measurements ID OXIDE SCALES; TENSILE FAILURE; ALLOYS; FILMS; SPALLATION; INTERFACE; OXIDATION; COATINGS; CRACKING; NICKEL AB The spallation of oxide scales from the steam side of tubes in power generation boilers can severely limit component life time. The process involves through scale cracking and crack propagation at or parallel to the scale/alloy interface. Many techniques have been developed in the past two decades to assess the interfacial fracture toughness of brittle coatings on ductile substrates. Analyses from fracture mechanics approaches also allow for quantitative determination of the fracture toughness, which can be used for life time prediction modelling. This paper gives an overview on techniques that have been used on thermally grown oxides, such as Ni, Fe, Ti, Al, and Cr oxides and spinels, and compare the results obtained on each type of oxide system from different techniques. In doing so, the limitations of each technique are illustrated. The methods discussed are flexure, scratch, indentation, tensile and compression tests and those that perform direct analysis of the spallation process. The data on steam grown oxide is sparse, but the test methods discussed could all be applied to these scale types. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Hou, RY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 129 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 963OM UT WOS:000231813600015 ER PT J AU Hou, PY Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Hou, P. Y. Paulikas, A. P. Veal, B. W. TI Stress development and relaxation in Al(2)O(3) during early stage oxidation of beta-NiAl SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE stress development; Al(2)O(3); early stage oxidation of beta-NiAl ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; ALUMINA SCALES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; TRANSIENT OXIDATION; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; OXIDE; MICROSTRUCTURE; KINETICS; ALLOYS AB Using a glancing synchrotron X-ray beam (Advanced Photon Source, Beamline 12BM, Argonne National Laboratory), Debye-Scherrer diffraction patterns from thermally grown oxides on NiAl samples were recorded during oxidation at 1000 or 1100 degrees C in air. The diffraction patterns were analyzed to determine strain and phase changes in the oxide scale as it developed and evolved. Strain was obtained from measurements of the elliptical distortion of the Debye-Scherrer rings, where data from several rings of a single phase were used. Results were obtained from alpha-Al(2)O(3) as well as from the transition alumina, in this case theta-Al(2)O(3), Which formed during the early stage. Compressive stress was found in the first-formed transition alumina, but the initial stress in alpha-Al(2)O(3) was tensile, with a magnitude high enough to cause Al(2)O(3) fracture. New alpha-Al(2)O(3) patches nucleated at the scale/alloy interface and spread laterally and upward. This transformation not only puts the alpha alumina in tension, but can also cause the transition alumina to be in tension. After a complete alpha-Al(2)O(3) layer formed at the interface, the strain level in alpha-Al(2)O(3) became compressive, reaching a steady state level around - 75 MPa at 1100 degrees C. To study a specimen's response to stress perturbation, samples with different thickness, after several hours of oxidation at 1100 degrees C, were quickly cooled to 950 degrees C to impose a compressive thermal stress in the scale. The rate of stress relaxation was the same for 1 and 3.5 mm thick samples, having a strain rate of similar to 1 x 10(-8) /s. This behavior indicates that oxide creep is the major stress relaxation mechanism. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2005 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.3184/096034005782744146 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 057UE UT WOS:000238619900045 ER PT S AU Graetz, J Ignatov, AY Tyson, TA Reilly, JJ Johnson, J AF Graetz, J Ignatov, AY Tyson, TA Reilly, JJ Johnson, J BE Heben, MJ Robertson, IM Stumpf, R Vogt, T TI Characterization of the local titanium environment in doped sodium aluminum hydride using X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO Materials for Hydrogen Storage-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Hydrogen Storage held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS; TI; NAALH4; STATE AB Ti K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to explore the local titanium environment and valence in 2-4 mol% Ti-doped sodium alanate. An estimate of the oxidation state of the dopant, based upon known standards, revealed a zero-valent titanium atom. An analysis of the near-edge and extended fine structures indicates that the Ti does not enter substitutional or interstitial sites in the NaAlH4 lattice. Rather, the Ti is located on/near the surface and is coordinated by 10.2 +/- 1 aluminum atoms with an interatomic distance of 2.82 +/- 0.01 , similar to that of TiAl3. The Fourier transformed EXAFS spectra reveal a lack of long-range order around the Ti dopant indicating that the Ti forms nano-clusters of TiAl3. The similarity of the spectra in the hydrided and dehydrided samples suggests that the local Ti environment is nearly invariant during hydrogen cycling. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Graetz, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-785-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 837 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BDF67 UT WOS:000233291000004 ER PT S AU Speakman, SA Schneibel, JH Easton, DS AF Speakman, SA Schneibel, JH Easton, DS BE Heben, MJ Robertson, IM Stumpf, R Vogt, T TI An in-situ X-ray diffraction study of the desorption of TiCl3-doped sodium alanate SO Materials for Hydrogen Storage-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Hydrogen Storage held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DECOMPOSITION; NA3ALH6; NAALH4 AB Sodium alanate was milled with and without TiCl3. The hydrogen release and uptake was measured during temperature-prograrnmed absorption and desorption, as well as by isothermal charging and discharging, using a Sieverts' type apparatus. These data were supplemented by in-situ X-ray diffraction studies of hydrogen desorption. Rate constants derived from XRD were slower than those derived from volumetric H-2 measurements. Al formation observed in XRD exceeded that expected from the observed decomposition of NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Speakman, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-785-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 837 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BDF67 UT WOS:000233291000006 ER PT S AU Kim, YH Zhao, YF Heben, MJ Zhang, SB AF Kim, YH Zhao, YF Heben, MJ Zhang, SB BE Heben, MJ Robertson, IM Stumpf, R Vogt, T TI Generalized Kubas complexes as a novel means for room temperature molecular hydrogen storage SO MATERIALS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE-2004 SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Hydrogen Storage held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NANOTUBES AB We propose that generalized Kubas complexes of molecular hydrogen with light metal elements, such as B and Be embedded in carbon nanostructures, or related Be and B materials, could offer breakthrough performance in room temperature hydrogen storage. First-principles local-density functional calculations show that hydrogen bound to these materials are intact, in similarity to physisorbed H-2, but with a greatly enhanced adsorption energy in the range of 0.20.7 eV. The metal-H-2 binding is attributed to the Coulombic interaction between holes created at the metal sites and sigma electrons of the H-2. Management of the hole density and electron-bole orbital overlap thus enables us to control the binding strength of H-2 for optimal storage properties. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-785-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 837 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BDF67 UT WOS:000233291000015 ER PT S AU Dillon, AC Blackburn, JL Parilla, PA Zhao, Y Kim, YH Zhang, SB Mahan, AH Alleman, JL Jones, KM Gilbert, KEH Heben, MJ AF Dillon, AC Blackburn, JL Parilla, PA Zhao, Y Kim, YH Zhang, SB Mahan, AH Alleman, JL Jones, KM Gilbert, KEH Heben, MJ BE Heben, MJ Robertson, IM Stumpf, R Vogt, T TI Discovering the mechanism of H-2 adsorption on aromatic carbon nanostructures to develop adsorbents for vehicular applications SO Materials for Hydrogen Storage-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Hydrogen Storage held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOTUBES; HYDROGEN; STORAGE AB Hydrogen adsorption has been observed with a binding energy of similar to 50 kJ/mol on as-synthesized carbon multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs). The MWNTs are virtually free of non-nanotube carbon impurities but contain residual iron catalyst particles. The MWNTs are also highly graphitic. No hydrogen adsorption is observed at near ambient temperatures for purified MWNTs that are free of iron particles. However, hydrogen adsorption is also not observed on bare iron particles even following reduction in the presence of hydrogen at 775 K. These results imply that a special synergy occurs when small iron particles or atoms are in intimate contact with sp(2)-hybridized aromatic carbon. Interestingly, reducing the as-synthesized MWNTs in H-2 at 573 K results in an increased hydrogen capacity. Understanding this hydrogen storage mechanism could facilitate the economical engineering of a hydrogen storage material that meets the United States Department of Energy targets for vehicular fuel cell applications. Recent theoretical studies have shown that an iron ad atom forms a complex with a C-36 fullerene and shares charge with four carbon atoms of a bent five-membered ring. Three H-2 ligands then coordinate with the iron forming a stable 18-electron organometallic complex. Here the binding energy of the molecular hydrogen ligands is similar to 43 kJ/mol. These theoretical results could possibly explain the unique hydrogen storage properties of MWNTs that are grown with an iron catalyst. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-785-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 837 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BDF67 UT WOS:000233291000018 ER PT S AU Romero, MJ AF Romero, MJ BE Durstock, M Friedman, D Gaudiana, R Rockett, A TI Scanning tunneling luminescence of semiconductors SO Materials for Photovoltaics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Photovoltaics held at the Fall Meeting of the MRS CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; MICROSCOPY; EFFICIENCY AB We review scanning tunneling luminescence (STL) - a photon emission spectroscopy based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) - and report on its application to photovoltaics. As part of this exploratory research, we have investigated CuInSe2 thin films, solar cells based on quantum dots, and dilute nitride compounds. STL is very attractive because it is capable of nanometer resolution, which is being demanded by the spectacular advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In addition, STM offers both unipolar and bipolar excitation of the luminescence and, consequently, the transport and recombination of electrons and holes can be investigated independently. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-784-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 836 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BDI31 UT WOS:000233597700038 ER PT S AU Thomes, WJ Simmons-Potter, K Potter, BG Weichman, LS AF Thomes, WJ Simmons-Potter, K Potter, BG Weichman, LS BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Correlation of optical luminescence with radiation hardness in doped LiNbO3 crystals SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DEFECT STRUCTURE MODEL; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; CONGRUENT LINBO3; INTRINSIC DEFECTS; EXTRINSIC DEFECTS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Transient ionizing radiation fields have been observed to cause substantial optical loss in undoped LiNbO3 crystals operating at 1.06 microns. This loss is slow to recover and makes the selection of this material for Q-switch applications in radiation environments unfeasible. We have studied the effects of Mg doping on the radiation response of LiNbO3 Crystals and have investigated the optical luminescence of doped and undoped samples. Our results indicate a strong correlation between crystal defects, formed primarily during crystal growth, and the radiation-induced optical loss exhibited by these materials. These findings have enabled us to produce radiation-hard LiNbO3 crystals for use in high gamma-field environments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thomes, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500038 ER PT S AU Devanathan, R Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Devanathan, R Gao, F Weber, WJ BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Computer simulation of displacement damage in silicon carbide SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have performed molecular dynamics simulation of displacement events on silicon and carbon sublattices in silicon carbide for displacement doses ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 displacements per atom. Our results indicate that the displacement threshold energy is about 21 eV for C and 35 eV for Si, and amorphization can occur by accumulation of displacement damage regardless of whether Si or C is displaced. In addition, we have simulated defect production in high-energy cascades as a function of the primary knock-on atom energy and observed features that are different from the case of damage accumulation in Si. These systematic studies shed light on the phenomenon of non-ionizing energy loss that is relevant to understanding space radiation effects in semiconductor devices. C1 Fundamental Sci Directorate, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Fundamental Sci Directorate, Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500040 ER PT S AU Mansur, LK Frame, BJ Gallego, NC Guetersloh, SB Johnson, JO Klett, JW Townsend, LW AF Mansur, LK Frame, BJ Gallego, NC Guetersloh, SB Johnson, JO Klett, JW Townsend, LW BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Assessment of shielding material performance for deep space missions SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Radiation doses from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are a significant issue for spacecraft crew exposures in deep space. We report initial work to evaluate a range of materials for GCR shielding. Earlier work has shown that conventional spacecraft materials, aluminum and higher atomic number structural alloys, provide relatively little shielding and, under certain conditions, may increase radiation risk. Materials containing high proportions of hydrogen and other low atomic mass nuclei provide improved GCR shielding. Polyethylene (PE) is generally considered a good performance benchmark shield material. However, PE shielding occupies volume and adds mass to the spacecraft. In this work we investigate several materials that are shown to provide shielding similar to PE, but which could furnish additional spacecraft functions, possibly eliminating the need for materials currently used for structural support or thermal management. Carbon forms that can incorporate a large mass of hydrogen, as well as polymers and polymer composites are being explored. Calculations of shielding effectiveness in GCR spectra have been carried out. Experiments to measure shielding properties recently have been completed at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) located at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) using high energy beans of O-16. In this paper we report preliminary shielding results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mansur, LK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017; OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649; Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500047 ER PT S AU Celina, MC Dargaville, TR Chaplya, PM Clough, RL AF Celina, MC Dargaville, TR Chaplya, PM Clough, RL BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Piezoelectric PVDF materials performance and operation limits in space environments SO MATERIALS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATION; FLUOROPOLYMERS AB Piezoelectric polymers based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are of interest for large aperture space-based telescopes. Dimensional adjustments of adaptive polymer films are achieved via charge deposition and require a detailed understanding of the piezoelectric material responses which are expected to suffer due to strong vacuum UV, gamma-, X-ray, energetic particles and atomic oxygen under low earth orbit exposure conditions. The degradation of PVDF and its copolymers under various stress environments has been investigated. Initial radiation aging studies using gamma- and e-beam irradiation have shown complex material changes with significant crosslinking, lowered melting and Curie points (where observable), effects on crystallinity, but little influence on overall piezoelectric properties. Surprisingly, complex aging processes have also been observed in elevated temperature environments with annealing phenomena and cyclic stresses resulting in thermal depoling of domains. Overall materials performance appears to be governed by a combination of chemical and physical degradation processes. Molecular changes are primarily induced via radiative damage, and physical damage from temperature and AO exposure is evident as depoling and surface erosion. Major differences between individual copolymers have been observed providing feedback on material selection strategies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept 1811, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Celina, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept 1811, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Dargaville, Tim/0000-0003-4665-9508 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 449 EP 460 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500058 ER PT S AU Chinn, SC Herberg, JL Sawvel, AM Maxwell, RS AF Chinn, SC Herberg, JL Sawvel, AM Maxwell, RS BE Chipara, M Edwards, DL Benson, RS Phillips, S TI Solid state NMR measurements for preliminary lifetime assessments in gamma-irradiated and thermally aged siloxane elastomers SO Materials for Space Applications SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials for Space Applications held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE INVESTIGATIONS; MOLECULAR ORDER; QUANTUM NMR; MOUSE; DYNAMICS; RADIATION; NETWORKS AB Siloxanes have a wide variety of applications throughout the aerospace industry which take advantage of their exceptional insulating and adhesive properties and general resilience. They also offer a wide range of tailorable engineering properties with changes in composition and filter content. They are, however, subject to degradation in radiatively and thermally harsh environments. We are using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to investigate changes in network and interfacial structure in siloxane elastomers and their correlations to changes in engineering performance in a series of degraded materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters such as transverse (T-2) relaxation times, cross relaxation rates, and residual dipolar coupling constants provide excellent probes of changes crosslink density and motional dynamics of the polymers caused by multi-mechanism degradation. The results of NMR studies on aged sitoxanes are being used in conjunction with other mechanical tests to provide insight into component failure and degradation kinetics necessary for preliminary lifetime assessments of these materials as well as into the structure-property relationships of the polymers. NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results obtained both from high resolution NMR spectrometers as well as low resolution benchtop NMR screening tools will be presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chinn, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chinn, Sarah/E-1195-2011 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-799-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 851 BP 533 EP 538 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BCK38 UT WOS:000229734500067 ER PT J AU Jian, X Xu, H Meek, TT Han, Q AF Jian, X Xu, H Meek, TT Han, Q TI Effect of power ultrasound on solidification of aluminum A356 alloy SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solidification; aluminum alloy; ultrasonic vibration; nucleation; dendrite fragmentation AB The present investigation attempted to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the nucleation and growth of aluminum alloy A356 melt. A356 melt was treated at various solid fractions isothermally with ultrasonic vibrations by dipping the acoustic radiator into the melt. Experimental result confirmed that globular grains could be effectively obtained when the melt was ultrasonically treated at the temperature close to its liquidus and subsequently cooled quickly. It further illustrated the difficulty to form globular grains when the specimens were treated at isothermal temperatures in the mushy zone. It may imply that in the given experiments cavitations-induced heterogeneous nucleation plays a more important role than dendrite fragmentation in the formation of globular grains. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hanq@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 179 Z9 245 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2004.09.027 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 876LH UT WOS:000225497800012 ER PT J AU Potter, BG Jamison, GM Chandra, H Simmons-Potter, K Thomes, WJ AF Potter, BG Jamison, GM Chandra, H Simmons-Potter, K Thomes, WJ TI Atmospheric effects on the photosensitive response of poly(methylphenylsilane) thin films SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical materials and processes; thin films; photosensitivity; polysilanes ID POLYSILANE HIGH POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Agile ready-when-needed patterning of refractive index structures in photosensitive materials requires an understanding of the impact of local application environment on mechanisms contributing to the desired photoinduced index change, The present work examines the impact of atmosphere on the photosensitive response of poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) thin films whose high photoinduced index change under low incident optical fluence make them attractive candidates for such applications. Changes in optical absorption and refractive index are investigated after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light resonant with the lowest energy transition exhibited by the Si-Si backbone structure in the material. A comparison between photoinduced absorption changes for thin films exposed in an air atmosphere versus those observed for samples subjected to a nitrogen environment during photoexposure is made for the first time. The study reveals that the anaerobic conditions of the nitrogen atmosphere significantly reduce the photosensitive response of the material to light. These results are discussed in terms of photooxidation processes within the polysilane structure and in the context of the need for predictable photosensitive refractive index change in varied photoimprinting environments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Potter, BG (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM bgpotter@mse.arizona.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2004.10.031 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 876LH UT WOS:000225497800042 ER PT B AU Ludtka, GM Jaramillo, RA Kisner, RA Wilgen, JB Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Nicholson, DM Watkins, TR Kalu, P England, RD AF Ludtka, GM Jaramillo, RA Kisner, RA Wilgen, JB Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Nicholson, DM Watkins, TR Kalu, P England, RD BE Muntau, HJS Wada, H TI Exploring ultra-high magnetic field processing of materials for developing customized microstructures and enhanced performance SO Materials Processing in Magnetic Fields LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Materials Analysis and Processing in Magnetic Fields CY MAR 17-19, 2004 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Natl Inst Mat Sci Tsukuba, Tsukuba Magnet Lab, Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab ID TEMPERATURES AB This paper will highlight results from research investigating magnetic field effects in phase equilibrium and transformation kinetics in several ferrous materials. In this work, a Fe-15Ni binary, 1045 steel, 52100 steel and a high strength bainitic steel were exposed to various thermal histories both with and without a magnetic field. Temperature and hardness measurements, metallography and X-ray analysis indicate a significant shift in phase transformation kinetics and resulting microstructure. Shifts in phase solubility and constituent volume fractions were measured for the Fe-15Ni alloy when treated in the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field reduced retained austenite during rapid quench and accelerated austenite decomposition during isothermal transformation in 52100 steel. Temperature data shows that the transformation temperature during continuous cooling is increased by approximately 3 degrees C/T for 1045 steel. The application of a magnetic field during continuous cooling of a high strength bainitic steel has produced a microstructure not possible without the additional thermodynamic driving force associated with a 30 T magnetic field. These results validate thermodynamic arguments for the magnetic field effect and indicate significant potential for developing novel microstructures and, therefore, properties in steel and other ferromagnetic materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ludtka, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-372-5 PY 2005 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1142/9789812701800_0007 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDJ64 UT WOS:000233845200007 ER PT J AU Hill, MR DeWald, AT Rankin, JE Lee, MJ AF Hill, MR DeWald, AT Rankin, JE Lee, MJ TI Measurement of laser peening residual stresses SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MECA-SENS Conference on Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation CY SEP 08-09, 2003 CL Manchester, ENGLAND DE laser peening; residual stress measurement; slitting method; contour method; Alloy 22 ID ALUMINUM AB Laser peening is an emerging surface treatment for metals that imparts compressive residual stress near the surface by introducing cold work. The present paper describes two residual stress measurement techniques that are well suited for the measurement of residual stresses induced by laser peening. Since residual stress is a key outcome of the laser peening process, its measurement is an important process diagnostic. The two residual stress measurement techniques described are the slitting method and the contour method. In the present research, the slitting method is used to establish relationships between various laser peening parameters ( irradiance, pulse duration, number of layers, etc.) and the residual stress profile ( residual stress versus depth) in flat plate coupons that have been uniformly peened on one surface. This helps to identify an effective set of laser peening parameters for the given material. Next, laser peening is applied to a specimen(s) with representative geometry and the contour method is used to measure the spatial distribution of residual stress around critical geometric features. The information gathered from the contour method measurement( s) is used to identify an effective laser peening pattern ( coverage area) for the given geometry. This two step procedure is illustrated using recent measurements on sample Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) welds for the Yucca Mountain Project. Details of both measurement procedures are given including representative results for each. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hill, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mrhill@ucdavis.edu RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1179/174328405X14083 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 909IU UT WOS:000227854400002 ER PT S AU Kis, AC Leventouri, T Thompson, JR AF Kis, AC Leventouri, T Thompson, JR BE Gyulai, J TI Magnetic and structural properties of ferrimagnetic bioceramics SO MATERIALS SCIENCE, TESTING AND INFORMATICS II SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Hungarian Conference on Materials Science, Testing and Informatics CY OCT 12-14, 2003 CL Balatonfured, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Mat Sci Soc, ASM Hungary DE bioceramics; magnetic biomaterials; ferrimagnetic bioceramics ID GLASS-CERAMICS; HYPERTHERMIA AB Structure and magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic bioceramics in the system {0.45(CaO, P2O5) ySiO(2) xFe(2)O(3) 0.03Na(2)O}, x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, were studied by x-ray powder diffraction and magnetic measurements. Magnetite and calcium phosphate, crystallizing in the hexagonal and monoclinic crystal systems, are the major phases in the compounds. Phase development, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the composites are determined by the specific starting composition of oxides and the heat-treatment temperature. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Kis, AC (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2005 VL 473-474 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BBR08 UT WOS:000227335600016 ER PT S AU Gurvits, L AF Gurvits, L BE Jedrzejowicz, J Szepietowski, A TI On the complexity of mixed discriminants and related problems SO MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 2005, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2005 CL Gdansk, POLAND ID PERMANENTS; ALGORITHM; VOLUMES AB We prove that it is #P-hard to compute the mixed discriminant of rank 2 positive semidefinite matrices. We present poly-time algorithms to approximate the "beast". We also prove NP-hardness of two problems related to mixed discriminants of rank 2 positive semidefinite matrices. One of them, the so called Full Rank Avoidance problem, had been conjectured to be NP-Complete in [23] and in [25]. We also present a deterministic poly-time algorithm computing the mixed discriminant D(A(1),.., AN) provided that the linear (matrix) subspace generated by {A(1),.., A(N)} is small and discuss randomized algorithms approximating mixed discriminants within absolute error. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gurvits@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-28702-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3618 BP 447 EP 458 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDA53 UT WOS:000232273200039 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, M TI An anisotropic constitutive relation for the stress tensor of a rod-like (fibrous-type) granular material SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC SHEETS; VALUED ISOTROPIC FUNCTIONS; MOHR-COULOMB CRITERION; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS; REPRESENTATION THEOREM; CONTINUUM THEORIES; FIBER SUSPENSIONS; POWER PRODUCTION; FLUIDS AB We will derive a constitutive relationship for the stress tensor of an anisotropic rod-like assembly of granular particles where not only the transverse isotropy (denoted by a unit vector n, also called the fiber direction) is included, but also the dependence of the stress tensor T on the density gradient, a measure of particle distribution, is studied. The granular media is assumed to behave as a continuum, and the effects of the interstitial fluid are ignored. No thermodynamical considerations are included, and using representation theorems, it is shown that in certain limiting cases, constitutive relations similar to those of the Leslie-Ericksen liquid crystal type can be obtained. It is also shown that in this granular model, one can observe the normal stress effects as well as the yield condition, if proper structures are imposed on the material coefficients. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 93 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1024-123X EI 1563-5147 J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2005 IS 6 BP 679 EP 702 DI 10.1155/MPE.2005.679 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 020TC UT WOS:000235932300005 ER PT J AU Zagaris, A Kaper, HG Kaper, TJ AF Zagaris, A Kaper, HG Kaper, TJ TI Two perspectives on reduction of ordinary differential equations SO MATHEMATISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article DE nonlinear differential equations; kinetic equations; multiple time scales; dimension reduction; slow manifold; normal form; computational singular perturbation; zero derivative principle ID CHEMICAL-KINETICS; CSP; MECHANISMS; SYSTEMS AB This article is concerned with general nonlinear evolution equations x' = g(x) in R-N involving multiple time scales, where fast dynamics take the orbits close to an invariant low-dimensional manifold and slow dynamics take over as the state approaches the manifold. Reduction techniques offer a systematic way to identify the slow manifold and reduce the original equation to an autonomous equation on the slow manifold. The focus in this article is on two particular reduction techniques, namely, computational singular perturbation (CSP) proposed by Lam and Goussis [Twenty-Second Symposium (International) on Combustion, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, August 14-19, 1988 (The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1988), pp. 931-941] and the zero-derivative principle (ZDP) proposed recently by Gear and Kevrekidis [Constraint-defined manifolds: A legacy-code approach to low-dimensional computation, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., to appear]. It is shown that the tangent bundle to the state space offers a unifying framework for CSP and ZDR Both techniques generate coordinate systems in the tangent bundle that are natural for the approximation of the slow manifold. Viewed from this more general perspective, both CSP and ZDP generate, at each iteration, approximate normal forms for the system under examination. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Math, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kaper, HG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM azagaris@math.bu.edu; kaper@mcs.anl.gov; tasso@math.bu.edu OI Zagaris, Antonios/0000-0001-6646-0390 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0025-584X J9 MATH NACHR JI Math. Nachr. PY 2005 VL 278 IS 12-13 BP 1629 EP 1642 DI 10.1002/mana.200410328 PG 14 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 974NR UT WOS:000232599200018 ER PT J AU Christen, HM Ohkubo, I Rouleau, CM Jellison, GE Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Lowndes, DH AF Christen, HM Ohkubo, I Rouleau, CM Jellison, GE Puretzky, AA Geohegan, DB Lowndes, DH TI A laser-deposition approach to compositional-spread discovery of materials on conventional sample sizes SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial materials synthesis; continuous compositional spread; thin films; pulsed-laser deposition ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT METHOD; THIN-FILMS; EPITAXIAL-FILMS; CVD SYNTHESIS; LARGE AREAS; GROWTH; COMBINATORIAL; OPTIMIZATION; NANOPARTICLES AB Parallel (multi-sample) approaches, such as discrete combinatorial synthesis or continuous compositional-spread (CCS), can significantly increase the rate of materials discovery and process optimization. Here we review our generalized CCS method, based on pulsed-laser deposition. in which the synchronization between laser firing and substrate translation (behind a fixed slit aperture) yields the desired variations of composition and thickness. In situ alloying makes this approach applicable to the non-equilibrium synthesis of metastable phases. Deposition on a heater plate with a controlled spatial temperature variation can additionally be used for growth-temperature-dependence studies. Composition and temperature variations are controlled on length scales large enough to yield sample sizes sufficient for conventional characterization techniques (such as temperature-dependent measurements of resistivity or magnetic properties). This technique has been applied to various experimental studies, and we present here the results for the growth of electro-optic materials (SrxBa1-xNb2O6) and magnetic perovskites (Sr1-xCaxRuO3), and discuss the application to the understanding and optimization of catalysts used in the synthesis of dense forests of carbon nanotubes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM christenhm@ornl.gov RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; OHKUBO, Isao/B-9553-2013; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; OHKUBO, Isao/0000-0002-4187-0112; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/004 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800005 ER PT J AU Rar, A Frafjord, JJ Fowlkes, JD Specht, ED Rack, PD Santella, ML Bei, H George, EP Pharr, GM AF Rar, A Frafjord, JJ Fowlkes, JD Specht, ED Rack, PD Santella, ML Bei, H George, EP Pharr, GM TI PVD synthesis and high-throughput property characterization of Ni-Fe-Cr alloy libraries SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial; alloy library; Ni; Fe; Cr; nanoindentation; XRD; PVD; high throughput; x-ray diffraction; pulsed vapour deposition ID THICK-FILM DEPOSITION; TERNARY; INTERDIFFUSION; PHASE AB Three methods of alloy library synthesis, thick-layer deposition followed by interdiffusion, composition-spread codeposition and electron-beam melting of thick deposited layers, have been applied to Ni-Fe-Cr ternary and Ni-Cr binary alloys. Structural XRD mapping and mechanical characterization by means of nanoindentation have been used to characterize the properties of the libraries. The library synthesis methods are compared from the point of view of the structural and mechanical information they can provide. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/007 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800008 ER PT J AU Taylor, MP Readey, DW Teplin, CW van Hest, MFAM Alleman, JL Dabney, MS Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM To, B Perkins, JD Ginley, DS AF Taylor, MP Readey, DW Teplin, CW van Hest, MFAM Alleman, JL Dabney, MS Gedvilas, LM Keyes, BM To, B Perkins, JD Ginley, DS TI The electrical, optical and structural properties of InxZn1-xOy (0 <= x <= 1) thin films by combinatorial techniques SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sputtering; indium-zinc-oxide; thin films; transparent conducting oxide; combinatorial ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; WORK FUNCTION; TARGETS; IN2O3; ZNO AB Indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) compositional libraries were deposited with dc magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates at 100 degreesC and analysed with high throughput, combinatorial techniques. The composition range from 4 to 95 at% In for Zn was explored. A peak in conductivity with delta > 3000 (Omega cm)(-1) was observed at an indium content of similar to70%. The mobility exceeded 30 cm(2) (V s)(-1) and the carrier concentrations were greater than 8 x 10(20) cm(-3). Crystalline phases were observed for In concentrations less than 45% and greater than 80% with an intermediate amorphous region. The low indium content films have a zinc oxide type structure with a ZnO (002) spacing ranging from similar to2.61 to 2.85 Angstrom for 4% In and 45% In, respectively. For indium contents between 82% and 95%, the In2O3 (222) spacing varied from 2.98 to 2.99 Angstrom. Regardless of the composition or the degree of crystallinity, all films showed high optical transparency with the transmission > 80% across the visible spectrum. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matthew-taylor@nrel.gov NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800013 ER PT J AU Wang, Q AF Wang, Q TI Combinatorial approach to studying tungsten filament ageing in fabricating hydrogenated amorphous silicon using the hot-wire chemical vapour deposition technique SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HWCVD; filament; combinatorial; a-Si : H; thin film ID CVD AB Tungsten filament ageing is a major concern in the applications of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and other thin films deposited by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD). A series of sequentially deposited samples was made on a single substrate using a combinatorial HWCVD system to sample and study the continuous ageing of the filament. The study found that filament ageing is associated with changing surface morphology, sagging and deteriorating electronic properties of the filament. The fact that the deposition rate of a-Si:H decreases with an aged filament is attributed to the decrease of filament temperature. The reaction between silicon and tungsten is the main cause of filament ageing. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM qi_wang@nrel.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/16/1/021 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 892MX UT WOS:000226655800022 ER PT S AU Sun, JG Zhang, JM Tretheway, JS Grassi, JA Fletcher, MP Andrews, MJ AF Sun, J. G. Zhang, J. M. Tretheway, J. S. Grassi, J. A. Fletcher, M. P. Andrews, M. J. BE LaraCurzio, E TI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF MACHINING AND BENCH-TEST DAMAGE IN SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMIC VALVES SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB An automated laser-scattering system was developed for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of ceramic engine valves. The system was used to evaluate ten NT551 (Norton-Saint Gobain) silicon nitride valves that were bench tested for 1000 hours. The bench test simulated impact and wear between the valve and the seat insert at ambient temperature. The NDE system scans the entire valve surface and generates a two-dimensional scattering image that is used to identify the location, size, and relative severity of subsurface damage. NDE data showed surface and subsurface damage from both machining and bench tests. These data were analyzed and compared with surface photomicroscopy results. C1 [Sun, J. G.; Zhang, J. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200016 ER PT S AU Weil, KS Hardy, JS Xia, GG Coyle, CA AF Weil, K. S. Hardy, J. S. Xia, G-G. Coyle, C. A. BE LaraCurzio, E TI USE OF RUPTURE STRENGTH TESTING IN EXAMINING THE THERMAL CYCLE BEHAVIOR OF VARIOUS TYPES OF PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL SEALS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A significant challenge in developing and manufacturing planar solid oxide fuel cells is in hermetically sealing the electrochemically active ceramic PEN to the metallic body of the device. One means of doing this is by chemically bonding the electrolyte surface of the PEN to the metal frame, thus forming a fixed or static seal. Typically a glass or glass-ceramic material is used in making this type of seal. However because of their brittle nature, there are number of manufacturing and operational problems that are encountered when using these materials. In an effort to efficiently screen potential solutions to these problems, a seal rupture test was developed. Details of the test procedure, the test device, and its use in thermal cycle testing various planar solid oxide fuel cell sealing concepts will be discussed. C1 [Weil, K. S.; Hardy, J. S.; Xia, G-G.; Coyle, C. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200019 ER PT S AU Katoh, Y Snead, LL AF Katoh, Yutai Snead, Lance L. BE LaraCurzio, E TI BEND STRESS RELAXATION CREEP OF CVD SILICON CARBIDE SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; IRRADIATION-CREEP; SIC FIBERS AB Bend stress relaxation (BSR) creep of two forms of chemically vapor-deposited beta phase silicon carbide, namely polycrystalline and single-crystalline, was studied. The experiment was primarily oriented to demonstrate the applicability of BSR technique to irradiation-induced enhanced creep behavior of silicon carbide in nuclear environments. It was demonstrated that thin strip samples with sufficient strength for BSR experiment could be machined and the small creep strains occurred in those samples could be measured to sufficient accuracy. The thermal creep experiment was conducted at 1573 - 1773K in argon to maximum hold time of 10 hours. Both materials exhibited similar primary creep deformation at the initial stresses of 65 - 100 MPa. The relative stress relaxation determined in the present experiment appeared significantly smaller than those reported for a commercial CVD SiC fiber at given temperature, implying a significant effect of the initial material conditions on the relaxation behavior. The analysis based on the relaxation time - temperature relationship gave an activation energy of similar to 850 kJ/mol for the primary responsible process in CVD SiC. C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6138,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200032 ER PT S AU Wang, H Wereszczak, AA AF Wang, Hong Wereszczak, Andrew A. BE LaraCurzio, E TI MECHANICAL RESPONSES OF SILICON NITRIDES UNDER DYNAMIC INDENTATION SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MICROHARDNESS MEASUREMENTS; VICKERS INDENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BRITTLE SOLIDS; CERAMICS; HARDNESS; LOAD; DAMAGE; TESTS AB Mechanical responses of five silicon nitrides have been experimentally studied by using dynamic and standard hardness tests. The indentation loads ranged from several newtons to several hundred newtons. In the dynamic test, a load pulse with similar to 100 mu s rise time was achieved. Indentation size effect (ISE) and loading rate effects on the Vickers hardness were observed for the silicon nitrides. The ISE was further characterized by using the Meyer law and the energy-balance or proportional specimen resistance (PSR) model. The conventional brittleness approach is not satisfactory in characterizing transition between plasticity and fracture, and a new brittleness concept is proposed based on the PSR model that appears to capture the dynamic indentation responses of the materials. C1 [Wang, Hong; Wereszczak, Andrew A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016; Wang, Hong/O-1987-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X; Wang, Hong/0000-0002-0173-0545 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 275 EP 283 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200033 ER PT S AU Nozawa, T Katoh, Y Snead, LL Hinoki, T Kohyama, A AF Nozawa, Takashi Katoh, Yutai Snead, Lance L. Hinoki, Tatsuya Kohyama, Akira BE LaraCurzio, E TI TENSILE AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALLY VAPOR-INFILTRATED SILICON CARBIDE COMPOSITES OF VARIOUS HIGH-MODULUS FIBER REINFORCEMENTS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 23-28, 2005 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HYSTERESIS MEASUREMENTS; CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES; IRRADIATION AB Chemically vapor-infiltrated (CVI) silicon carbide (SiC) matrix composites are candidate structural materials for proposed nuclear fusion and advanced fission applications due to their high temperature stability under neutron irradiation. To optimize the thermal stress properties for nuclear applications, CVI-SiC matrix composites were produced with three-dimensional (3D) fiber architectures with varied Z-fiber content, using the highly-crystalline and near-stoichiometric SiC fiber Tyranno (TM)-SA. In addition, hybrid SiC/SiC composites incorporating carbon fibers were fabricated to improve thermal conductivity. The purpose of this work is to obtain thermal and mechanical properties data on these developmental composites. Results show that the addition of small amount (>10%) of Tyranno (TM)-SA fiber remarkably increases the composite thermal conductivity parallel to the fiber longitudinal direction, in particular the through-thickness thermal conductivity in the orthogonal three-dimensional composite system due to the excellent thermal conductivity of Tyranno (TM)-SA fiber itself. On the other hand, tensile properties were significantly dependent on the axial fiber volume fraction; 3D SiC/SiC composites with in-plane fiber content <15% exhibited lower tensile strength and proportional limit failure stress. Results show that the composites with axial fiber volume >20% exhibit improved axial strength. The carbon fiber was, in general, beneficial to obtain high thermal conductivity. However matrix cracks induced due to the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) restricted heat transfer via matrix, limiting the improvement of thermal conductivity and reducing tensile proportional limit stress. C1 [Nozawa, Takashi; Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nozawa, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-57498-232-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BMU95 UT WOS:000273627200037 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI Validation of a computational implementation of the Grady-Kipp dynamic fragmentation theory for thin metal plate impacts using an analytical strain-rate model and hydrodynamic analogues SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE plate penetration; analytical model; fragmentation; Grady-Kipp model; cumulative probability distribution ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT AB Here the analytical plate penetration relationship derived by De Chant [An explanation for the minimal effect of body curvature on hypervelocity penetration hole formation. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, no. SAND2003-2696J. To appear in: International Journal of Solids and Structures] using an analogy between hydrodynamics and penetration processes is combined with the Grady-Kipp dynamic fragmentation model [International Journal of Impact Engineering 14 (1993) 427; Fragmentation of solids under dynamic loading. In: Wierzbicki, T., Jones, N. (Eds.), Structural Failure. Wiley, New York, 1989; Mechanisms of dynamic fragmentation: factors governing growth size, SAND84-2304C, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 1984] to estimate the size and distribution of fragments generated due to impact and penetration of thin plates by spherical projectiles. Fragment statistics estimated using this analytical model are then compared to fragmentation as predicted by CTH, a shock-physics hydrocode [International Journal of Impact Engineering 10 (1990) 351]. Agreement between analytically based model and CTH simulations shows good agreement. Extending the hydrodynamic based analogy used to develop the analytical plate penetration model to include fragmentation processes, we derive expressions relation fragmentation to plate impact and penetration. The functional form of these equations is also in good agreement with CTH simulation. Finally, a deterministic (as opposed to statistical) cumulative particle size distribution relationship is derived using mass conservation concepts and gives a power law distribution. The power law distribution requires the presence of a non-zero minimum fragment size rather than a continuous distribution that includes particles approaching zero size. The presence of a non-zero fragment size is in agreement with computational models and theoretically based cumulative lognormal fragment distributions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Aerosci & Compressible Fluid Mech, 09115,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ljdecha@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2003.12.008 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 863UU UT WOS:000224589700006 ER PT J AU Seidel, GD Allen, DH Helms, KLE Groves, SE AF Seidel, GD Allen, DH Helms, KLE Groves, SE TI A model for predicting the evolution of damage in viscoelastic particle-reinforced composites SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cohesive zones; damage; fracture; composites; viscoelastic; particle-reinforced; polycrystalline; polymer ID FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATION; COHESIVE ZONE; MICROMECHANICAL MODEL; CRACK INITIATION; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; GROWTH; MEDIA; FORMULATION; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB A viscoelastic cohesive zone model is employed within the framework of a finite element code to analyze a two-phase viscoelastic particle-reinforced composite material consisting of a relatively stiff aggregate embedded in a copolymer binder. The composite of interest, LX17, is noted to have a very large aggregate volume fraction and as such, aggregate grain boundaries were generated within finite element meshes along which viscoelastic cohesive zones have been embedded to model the binder. It has been observed experimentally that the majority of damage in LX17 occurs within the binder, and thus, a damage evolution law has been applied to the viscoelastic cohesive zones that is phenomenological in nature. The responses obtained for the composite from the FEM analysis are then compared to the experimental data compiled by Lawrence Livermore National Labs for various constant strain rate tests conducted by Groves and Cunningham [Tensile and compressive mechanical properties of billet pressed LX17-1 as a function of temperature and strain rate. UCRL-ID-137477. Internal report prepared for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA]. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Coll Engn & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Intel Corp, Thermomech Toold & Anal, Assembly Technol Dev, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allen, DH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Coll Engn & Technol, 114 Othmer Hall,820 N 16th St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM dhallen@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Seidel, Gary/C-8492-2012; OI Seidel, Gary/0000-0002-1156-5010 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2004.01.002 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 863UU UT WOS:000224589700011 ER PT J AU Campisi, J AF Campisi, J TI Aging, tumor suppression and cancer: high wire-act! SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Functional Genomics of Ageing CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2004 CL Hersonissos, GREECE DE antagonistic pleiotropy; apoptosis; cellular senescence; gene expression pattern; p53; p16 ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VIVO; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE; NATURAL-SELECTION; EARLY-PASSAGE AB Evolutionary theory holds that aging is a consequence of the declining force of natural selection with age. We discuss here the evidence that among the causes of aging in complex multicellular organisms, such as mammals. is the antagonistically pleiotropic effects of the cellular responses that protect the organism from cancer. Cancer is relatively rare in young mammals, owing in large measure to the activity of minor suppressor rnechanisms. These mechanisms either protect the genome from damage and/or mutations. or they elicit cellular responses-apoptosis or senescence-that eliminate or prevent the proliferation of somatic cells at risk for neoplastic transformation. We focus here on die senescence response. reviewing its causes, regulation and effects. In addition, we describe recent data that support the idea that both senescence and apoptosis may indeed be the double-edged swords predicted by the evolutionary hypothesis of antagonistic pleiotropy- protecting organisms from cancer early in life, but promoting aging phenotypes, including late life cancer. in older organisms. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94545 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcampisi@lbl.gov NR 104 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 126 IS 1 SI SI BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.024 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 891EL UT WOS:000226564000008 PM 15610762 ER PT J AU Semeiks, JR Grate, LR Mian, IS AF Semeiks, JR Grate, LR Mian, IS TI Text-based analysis of genes, proteins, aging, and cancer SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Functional Genomics of Ageing CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2004 CL Hersonissos, GREECE DE statistical information retrieval; progenitor/stent cell lineage determination embryonic morphogenesis; cancer; aging; phenotype position effect ID EPITHELIAL MORPHOGENESIS; DROSOPHILA; POLARITY AB The diverse nature of cancer- and aging-related genes presents a challenge for large-scale studies based on molecular sequence and profiling data. An underexplored source of data for modeling and analysis is the textual descriptions and annotations present in curated gene-centered biomedical corpora. Here, 450 genes designated by surveys of the scientific literature as being associated with cancer and aging were analyzed using two complementary approaches. The first, ensemble attribute profile clustering, is a recently formulated, text-based, semiautomated data interpretation strategy that exploits ideas from statistical information retrieval to discover and characterize groups of genes with common structural and functional properties. Groups of genes with shared and unique Gene Ontology terms and protein domains were defined and examined. Human homologs of a group of known Drosphila aging-related genes are candidates for genes that may influence lifespan (hep/MAPK2K7, bsk-/MAPK8, puc/LOC285193). These JNK pathway-associated proteins may specify a molecular hub that coordinates and integrates multiple intra- and extracellular processes via space- and time-dependent interactions with proteins in other pathways. The second approach a qualitative examination of the chromosomal locations of 311 human cancer- and aging-related genes. provides anecdotal evidence for a "phenotype position effect": genes that are proximal in the linear genome often encode proteins involved in the same phenomenon. Comparative genomics was employed to enhance understanding of several genes, including open reading frames, identified as new candidates for genes with roles in aging or cancer. Overall, the results highlight fundamental molecular and mechanistic connections between progenitor/stem cell lineage determination, embryonic morphogenesis, cancer, and aging. Despite diversity in the, nature of the molecular and cellular processes associated with these phenomena, they seem related to the architectural hub of tissue polarity and a need to generate and control this property in a timely manner. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mian, IS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smian@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 126 IS 1 SI SI BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.028 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 891EL UT WOS:000226564000025 PM 15610779 ER PT S AU Wos, L AF Wos, L BE Hutter, D Stephan, W TI The flowering of automated reasoning SO MECHANIZING MATHEMATICAL REASONING: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF JORG H SIEKMANN ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 60TH BIRTHDAY SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wos, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wos@mcs.anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25051-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2005 VL 2605 BP 204 EP 227 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCG97 UT WOS:000229236700013 ER PT J AU Maxwell, CA Pilarski, LM AF Maxwell, CA Pilarski, LM TI A potential role for centrosomal deregulation within IgH translocation-positive myeloma SO MEDICAL HYPOTHESES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; AURORA-A KINASE; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; GENE-EXPRESSION; BREAST-CANCER; FGFR3 EXPRESSION; SPINDLE; PROTEIN; OVEREXPRESSION AB Multiple myetoma is a late stage B-cell malignancy that is characterized by recurrent translocations into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus as well as multiple and complex chromosomal abnormalities. Multiple myeloma is not characterized by a defining IgH translocation partner locus; rather, the frequency of individual translocations ranges from 5% to 15% of the patient population. The current hypothesis that IgH translocations contribute to chromosomal instability through the augmented expression of cyclin D family members and upstream regulatory gene products has led to the development of clinical therapies targeting these potentially oncogenic gene products. Here, we postulate that IgH translocations affect both cyctin D family members and spindle assembly pathways. In forming the hypothesis, this manuscript provides a mechanistic connectivity between IgH translocations and associated chromosome 13 deletions and highlights a number of additional gene products that, along with already defined target genes, may be deregulated in myeloma and represent potential therapeutic targets. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alberta, Cross Canc Inst, Dept Oncol, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. RP Pilarski, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM linda.pilarski@ualberta.ca RI Maxwell, Christopher/B-3044-2011 OI Maxwell, Christopher/0000-0002-0860-4031 NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0306-9877 J9 MED HYPOTHESES JI Med. Hypotheses PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.031 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 963WQ UT WOS:000231837300015 PM 16023302 ER PT S AU Zhang, L Samaras, D Tomasi, D Alia-Klein, N Cottone, L Leskovjan, A Volkow, N Goldstein, R AF Zhang, L Samaras, D Tomasi, D Alia-Klein, N Cottone, L Leskovjan, A Volkow, N Goldstein, R BE Duncan, JS Gerig, G TI Exploiting temporal information in functional magnetic resonance imaging brain data SO MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION - MICCAI 2005, PT 1 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention CY OCT 26-29, 2005 CL Palm Springs, CA SP No Digital Inc Waterloo, Springer Lecture Notes Comp Sci, GE Healthcare, Medtron Navigat, Siemens Corp Res, NIBIB AB Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI) has enabled scientists to look into the active human brain, leading to a flood of new data, thus encouraging the development of new data analysis methods. In this paper, we contribute a comprehensive framework for spatial and temporal exploration of fMRI data, and apply it to a challenging case study: separating drug addicted subjects from healthy non-drug-using controls. To our knowledge, this is the first time that learning on fMRI data is performed explicitly on temporal information for classification in such applications. Experimental results demonstrate that, by selecting discriminative features, group classification can be successfully performed on our case study although training data are exceptionally high dimensional, sparse and noisy fMRI sequences. The classification performance can be significantly improved by incorporating temporal information into machine learning. Both statistical and neuroscientific validation of the method's generalization ability are provided. We demonstrate that incorporation of computer science principles into functional neuroimaging clinical studies, facilitates deduction about the behavioral probes from the brain activation data, thus providing a valid tool that incorporates objective brain imaging data into clinical classification of psychopathologies and identification of genetic vulnerabilities. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29327-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3749 BP 679 EP 687 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BDG20 UT WOS:000233337000084 ER PT S AU Wu, KS Otoo, E Shoshani, A AF Wu, KS Otoo, E Shoshani, A BE Fitzpatrick, JM Reinhardt, JM TI Optimizing connected component labeling algorithms SO Medical Imaging 2005: Image Processing, Pt 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2005 Conference CY FEB 15-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE connected component labeling; Union-Find; optimization AB This paper presents two new strategies that can be used to greatly improve the speed of connected component labeling algorithms. To assign a label to a new object, most connected component labeling algorithms use a scanning step that examines some of its neighbors. The first strategy exploits the dependencies among them to reduce the number of neighbors examined. When considering 8-connected components in a 2D image. this can reduce the number of neighbors examined from four to one in many cases. The second strategy uses an array to store the equivalence information among the labels. This replaces the pointer based rooted trees used to store the same equivalence information. It reduces the memory required and also produces consecutive final labels. Using an array instead of the pointer based rooted trees speeds up the connected component labeling algorithms by a factor of 5 similar to 100 in our tests on random binary images. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5721-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5747 BP 1965 EP 1976 DI 10.1117/12.596105 PN 1-3 PG 12 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCN01 UT WOS:000230109602055 ER PT S AU Chen, G Johnson, JA Weber, R Schweizer, S MacFarlane, D Woodford, J De Carlo, F AF Chen, G Johnson, JA Weber, R Schweizer, S MacFarlane, D Woodford, J De Carlo, F BE Flynn, MJ TI ZBLAN-based X-ray storage phosphors and scintillators for digital X-ray imaging SO Medical Imaging 2005: Physics of Medical Imaging, Pts 1 and 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2005 Conference CY FEB 15-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray storage phosphor; scintillator; high resolution; digital radiography; glass ceramics; ZBLAN; grainless AB X-ray storage phosphors have several advantages over traditional films as well as digital X-ray detectors based on thin-film transistors (TFT). Commercially used storage phosphors do not have high resolution due to light scattering from powder grains. To solve this problem, we have developed storage phosphor plates based on modified fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) glasses. The newly developed imaging plates are "grainless" and, therefore, can significantly reduce light scattering and improve image resolution. To study the structure and image performance of the novel storage phosphor plates, we conducted X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray imaging analyses at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The XRD results show that BaCl2 crystallites are embedded in the glass matrix. These crystallites enlarge and are under residual stress after heat treatment. The X-ray imaging study shows that these storage phosphor plates have a much better resolution than a commercially used storage phosphor screen. The results also show that some of the glass ceramics are high-resolution scintillators. Our study demonstrates that these fluorozirconate-based glass ceramics are a promising candidate for high-resolution digital X-ray detectors for both medical and scientific research purposes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Schweizer, Stefan/H-3518-2011; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5719-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5745 BP 1351 EP 1358 DI 10.1117/12.617082 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCL61 UT WOS:000229929500144 ER PT S AU Dickson, S Pouchard, L Ward, R Atkins, G Cole, M Lorensen, B Ade, A AF Dickson, Stewart Pouchard, Line Ward, Richard Atkins, Gary Cole, Martin Lorensen, Bill Ade, Alexander BE Westwood, JD Haluck, RS Hoffman, HM Mogel, GT Phillips, R Robb, RA Vosburgh, KG TI Linking Human Anatomy to Knowledgebases: A Visual Front End for Electronic Medical Records SO MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 13: THE MAGICAL NEXT BECOMES THE MEDICAL NOW SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Medicine Meets Virtual Reality CY JAN 26-29, 2005 CL Long Beach, CA AB A new concept of a visual electronic medical record is presented based on developments ongoing in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Virtual Soldier Project. This new concept is based on the holographic medical electronic representation (Holomer) and on data formats being developed to support this. The Holomer is being developed in two different visualization environments, one of which is suitable for prototyping the visual electronic medical record. The advantages of a visual approach as a front end for electronic medical records are discussed and specific implementations are presented. C1 [Dickson, Stewart; Pouchard, Line; Ward, Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dickson, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-58603-498-6 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2005 VL 111 BP 586 EP 591 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Engineering; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BMX46 UT WOS:000273828700115 PM 15718802 ER PT S AU Besmann, TM Kulkarni, NS Spear, KE Vienna, JD Allendorf, MD AF Besmann, TM Kulkarni, NS Spear, KE Vienna, JD Allendorf, MD BE Li, H Ray, CS Strachan, DM Weber, R Yue, Y TI Modified associate species approach to phase equilibria prediction for oxide glass systems SO MELT CHEMISTRY, RELAXATION, AND SOLIDIFICATION KINETICS OF GLASSES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 18-21, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; REFRACTORY CORROSION; MELTING FURNACES; CAO-AL2O3; OPTIMIZATION; DIAGRAMS; SODIUM; LIQUID; MODEL AB The modified associate species model has proven highly accurate for reproducing phase relations, liquidus surfaces, vapor pressures, and chemical activities of relatively simple glasses. The approach treats the melt and glass as a solution of component and associate species, and thus easily accommodates large numbers of elements. A base Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 has been accurately modeled, and is being extended with addition of other common glass constituents, notably CaO. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-191-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2005 VL 170 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science GA BBP77 UT WOS:000226959200007 ER PT S AU Stalford, HL Epp, DS AF Stalford, HL Epp, DS BE Henning, AK TI Frequency response of piezoresistive-based MASA resonators with electrostatic vertical comb-drive actuation SO MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications II CY JAN 24-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Semiconduct Equipment and Mat Int, Soild State Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE frequency response; acoustic spectrum analyzer; MEMS; electrostatic vertical comb-drive; surface micromachined tunable resonator AB We report on experimental work that characterizes the frequency response of resonators of Microfabricated Acoustic Spectrum Analyzer (MASA) devices which were fabricated using Sandia's SUMMiT (TM) processing technology. A 1.1 micron silicon nitride layer was used in the fabrication to isolate the sense mechanism from the actuation mechanism. The devices are actuated using electrostatic vertical comb-drive actuation in a 30-50 mTorr vacuum and the frequency response is measured using a piezo-resistive readout mechanism. Two MASA devices are tested using comb-drive ac signals (e.g., 200mV) superimposed on a dc bias (e.g., 15V). In addition, dc bias voltages placed on the comb-drive are shown to tune the resonant frequency of the resonator. The frequency response of the piezo-resistive readout mechanism is measured using a 10V dc supply voltage supplied across its Wheatstone bridge. The results show that the piezo-resistive readout mechanism can detect resonant behavior and determine resonant frequency. A laser doppler vibrometer is used as an independent means to characterize the frequency response and verify the results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stalford, HL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5691-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5717 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.590876 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCE48 UT WOS:000228860900013 ER PT J AU Dmitriev, SN Oganessyan, YT Utyonkov, VK Shishkin, SV Yeremin, AV Lobanov, YV Tsyganov, YS Chepygin, VI Sokol, EA Vostokin, GK Aksenov, NV Hussonnois, M Itkis, MG Gaggeler, HW Schumann, D Bruchertseifer, H Eichler, R Shaughnessy, DA Wilk, PA Kenneally, JM Stoyer, MA Wild, JF AF Dmitriev, SN Oganessyan, YT Utyonkov, VK Shishkin, SV Yeremin, AV Lobanov, YV Tsyganov, YS Chepygin, VI Sokol, EA Vostokin, GK Aksenov, NV Hussonnois, M Itkis, MG Gaggeler, HW Schumann, D Bruchertseifer, H Eichler, R Shaughnessy, DA Wilk, PA Kenneally, JM Stoyer, MA Wild, JF TI Chemical identification of dubnium as a decay product of element 115 produced in the reaction Ca-48+Am-243 SO MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; COMPLEX-FORMATION; HYDROLYSIS; PA; TA; NB AB The recent discovery of the elements 115 and 113 in the reaction Ca-48 + Am-243 was confirmed by an independent radiochemical experiment based on the identification of the long-lived decay product dubnium. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dmitriev, SN (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. EM dmitriev@jinr.ru; heinz.gaeggeler@psi.ch; robert.eichler@psi.ch; shaughnessy2@llnl.gov RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; Eichler, Robert/G-5130-2011 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-9436 EI 1364-551X J9 MENDELEEV COMMUN JI Mendeleev Commun. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1070/MC2005v015n01ABEH002077 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 903PE UT WOS:000227437300001 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Valek, BC Bravman, JC Patel, JR AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Valek, BC Bravman, JC Patel, JR TI White beam analysis of coupling between precipitation and plastic deformation during electromigration in a passivated Al(0.5wt.% Cu) interconnect SO METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII LA Russian DT Article DE passivated interconnect; electromigration; solid-phase precipitation; plastic deformation; white beam analysis ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MICROBEAM DIFFRACTION; METAL LINES; CRYSTALS; MICRODIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; STRESS; STRAIN; FILMS; WIRES AB The scaling of device dimensions with a simultaneous increase in functional density imposes a challenge to materials technology and reliability of interconnects. White beam X-ray microdiffraction is particularly well suited for the in-situ study of electromigration. M. A. Krivoglaz theory was applied for the interpretation of white beam diffraction. The technique was used to probe microstructure in interconnects and has recently been able to monitor the onset of plastic deformation induced by mass transport during electromigration in Al (Cu) lines even before any macroscopic damage became visible. In the present paper, we demonstrate that the evolution of the dislocation structure during electromigration is highly inhomogeneous and results in the formation of unpaired randomly distributed geometrically necessary dislocations as well as geometrically necessary dislocation boundaries. When almost all unpaired dislocations and dislocation walls with the density n(+) are parallel (as in the case of Al-based interconnects), the anisotropy in the scattering properties of the material becomes important, and the electrical properties of the interconnect depend strongly on the direction of the electric current relative to the orientation of the dislocation network. A coupling between the dissolution, growth and reprecipitation of Al2Cu precipitates and the electromigration-induced plastic deformation of grains in interconnects is observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES UKRAINE, INST METAL PHYSICS PI KIEV 142 PA 36 ACADEMICIAN VERNADSKY BLVD, KIEV 142 UA-252180, UKRAINE SN 1024-1809 J9 METALLOFIZ NOV TEKH+ JI Metallofiz. Nov. Tekhnol.-Met. Phys. Adv. Techn. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 27 IS 1 BP 75 EP 94 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 936ZM UT WOS:000229894300007 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Mishra, S Elmer, JW Debroy, T AF Kumar, A Mishra, S Elmer, JW Debroy, T TI Optimization of the Johnson-Mehl-Avarami equation parameters for alpha-ferrite to gamma-austenite transformation in steel welds using a genetic algorithm SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; FLUID-FLOW; MULTIVARIABLE OPTIMIZATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; GRAIN-GROWTH; KINETICS; TIME; 1005-STEEL; EVOLUTION AB A nonisothermal Johnson-Mehl-Avarami (JMA) equation with optimized JMA parameters is proposed to represent the kinetics of transformation of alpha-ferrite, to gamma-austenite during heating of 1005 steel. The procedure used to estimate the JMA parameters involved a combination of numerical heat-transfer and fluid-flow calculations, the JMA equation for nucleation and growth for nonisothermal systems, and a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization tool that used a limited volume of experimental kinetic data. The experimental data used in the calculations consisted of phase fraction of gamma-austenite measured at several different monitoring locations in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a gas tungsten arc (GTA) weld in 1005 steel. These data were obtained by an in-situ spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) technique using synchrotron radiation during welding. The thermal cycles necessary for the calculations were determined for each monitoring location from a well-tested three-dimensional heat-transfer and fluid-flow model. A parent centric recombination (PCX) based generalized generation gap (G3) GA was used to obtain the optimized values of the JMA parameters. i.e., the activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and exponent in the nonisothermal JMA equation. The GA based determination of all three JMA equation parameters resulted in better agreement between the calculated and the experimentally determined austenite phase fractions than was previously achieved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM debroy@pse.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 36A IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s11661-005-0134-z PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 885LU UT WOS:000226158900002 ER PT J AU Ceplecha, Z ReVelle, DO AF Ceplecha, Z ReVelle, DO TI Fragmentation model of meteoroid motion, mass loss, and radiation in the atmosphere SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LUMINOUS EFFICIENCY; INNISFREE METEORITE; BOLIDE DYNAMICS; LEONID METEORS; FIREBALLS; INFLUX; BODIES AB (W)e present the basic differential equations of meteor physics (the single body equations). We solve them numerically including two possible types of fragmentation: into large pieces and into a cluster of small fragments. We have written a Fortran code that computes the motion, ablation and light intensity of a meteoroid at chosen heights, and allows for the ablation and shape density coefficients sigma and K, as well as the luminous efficiency tau, to be variable with height/time. We calibrated our fragmentation model (FM) by the best fit to observational values for the motion, ablation, radiation, fragmentation and the terminal masses (recovered meteorites) for the Lost City bolide. The FM can also handle multiple and overlapping meteor flares. We separately define both the apparent and intrinsic values of sigma, K, and tau. We present in this paper values of the intrinsic luminous efficiency as function of velocity, mass, and normalized air density. Detailed results from the successful application of the FM to the Lost City, Innisfree, and Benesov bolides are also presented. Results of applying the FM to 15 bolides with very precise observational data are presented in a survey mode (Table 7). Standard deviations of applying our FM to all these events correspond to the precision of the observed values. Typical values of the intrinsic ablation coefficient are low, mostly in the range from 0.004 to 0.008 s(2) km(-2), and do not depend on the bolide type. The apparent ablation coefficients reflect the process of fragmentation. The bolide types indicate severity of the fragmentation process. The large differences of the "dynamic" and "photometric" mass from numerous earlier studies are completely explained by our FM. The fragmentation processes cannot be modeled simply by large values of the apparent ablation coefficient and of the apparent luminous efficiency. Moreover, our new FM can also well explain the radiation and full dynamics of very fast meteoroids at heights from 200 km to 130 km. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ceplecha, Z (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM zdenekce@asu.cas.cz NR 21 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 1 BP 35 EP 54 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 913XW UT WOS:000228189900003 ER PT B AU Fridman, T Protopopescu, V Hurst, G Borziak, A Gorin, A AF Fridman, T Protopopescu, V Hurst, G Borziak, A Gorin, A BE Valafar, F Valafar, H TI Generating theoretical spectra for peptide identification SO METMBS '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences (METMBS 05) CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV SP World Acad Sci, CSREA ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE DATABASES; TRYPTIC PEPTIDES; MODEL AB We derive the optimal number of peaks (defined as the minimum number that provides the required efficiency of spectra identification) in the theoretical spectra as a function of.. (i) the experimental accuracy, Q, of the measured ratio m/z, (ii) experimental spectrum density, (iii) size of the database, and (iv) fragment detection efficiency. We show that if theoretical spectra are constructed including b and y ions only, then for sigma = 0.5, which is typical for high throughput data, peptide chains of 8 amino acids or longer can be identified based on the number of matches alone, at a rate of false identification below 1%. To discriminate between shorter peptides, additional (e.g., intensity-inferred) information is necessary. We derive the dependence of the probability of false identification on the number of peaks in the theoretical spectra and on the types of ions that the peaks represent. Our results suggest that the class of mass spectrum identification problems for which more elaborate development of fragmentation rules (such as intensity model, etc.) is required, can be reduced to the problems that involve homologous peptides. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Comp Sci Univ Tennessee ORNL, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fridman, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Comp Sci Univ Tennessee ORNL, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-83-1 PY 2005 BP 180 EP 189 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BEC22 UT WOS:000236731800027 ER PT S AU Fleming, JG Baker, M Luck, D AF Fleming, JG Baker, M Luck, D BE Ozkan, CS LaVan, DA McNie, M Prasad, S TI A novel latching relay fabricated using an oxide molded tungsten process SO Micro- and Nanosystems-Materials and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this paper we describe an oxide molded tungsten process applied to the fabrication of a novel latching relay. The steps in the process are: deposition of a sacrificial oxide, patterning of the oxide, filling of the resulting mold with a blanket film of tungsten using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and then the removal and planarization of excess tungsten through chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The process for the incorporation of dielectric isolation has also been developed. The resulting tungsten structures are under high tensile stress, which appears to be compensated in process by the compressive stress of the oxide mold. All the steps are low temperature and the entire process is backend CMOS compatible. This process has been used to fabricate a latching relay which relies on the internal stress of the tungsten and always generates force in a pulling mode. Parts have been successfully fabricated and tested, the devices generate very high forces for a MEMS device and give reasonable contact resistances even without noble metal contacts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Org 1749,MS 1080, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-826-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 872 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BDN45 UT WOS:000234461000028 ER PT S AU Akhadov, EA Mueller, AH Hoffbauer, MA AF Akhadov, EA Mueller, AH Hoffbauer, MA BE Ozkan, CS LaVan, DA McNie, M Prasad, S TI Energetic neutral atom beam lithography/epitaxy for nanoscale device fabrication SO Micro- and Nanosystems-Materials and Devices SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micro- and Nanosystems held at the 2005 MRS Spring Meeting CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA AB Energetic neutral atom beam lithography/epitaxy (ENABLE) is a versatile technique recently developed for patterning nanoscale features into polymer substrates. ENABLE achieves the direct activation of surface chemical reactions by exposing substrates to a beam of energetic neutral atoms. Polymers that form volatile oxidation products may be anisotropically etched using a neutral beam of oxygen atoms at rates exceeding 100 nm/min, avoiding problems associated with charged species inherent to other etching techniques. We report on a top-down approach for producing high-aspect-ratio nanoscale structures in polymeric materials using ENABLE. Masking techniques suitable for ENABLE etching are discussed along with applications involving the rapid production of nanoscale features over large areas. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Akhadov, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-826-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 872 BP 503 EP 506 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BDN45 UT WOS:000234461000076 ER PT B AU Antolak, A Aigeldinger, G Morse, D Ceremuga, J AF Antolak, Arlyn Aigeldinger, Georg Morse, Daniel Ceremuga, Joseph GP ASME TI 3D micro-metrology using a nanofocus x-ray source SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID LITHOGRAPHY AB Metrology applied to microsystems accelerates yield improvement and sustains performance at all stages of processing thereby ensuring manufacturability. One measure of the manufactured part quality in micro-structures, e.g., microfluidic channels or LIGA-fabricated parts and assemblies, is the side-wall verticality and/or curvature. In this paper, we report on initial investigations to directly obtain three-dimensional metrological information with micron-scale spatial resolution. Using a lab-based nanofocus x-ray source (0.5 micron spot size), samples a few millimeters in diameter can be examined with high volumetric resolution by collecting thousands of (tomographic) projections. Following reconstruction of the projection data, dimensional information is extracted directly from the object's 3D rendering. A test part was used to verify and optimize the tomographic inspection process, and the application of this method to a LIGA-fabricated part is presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Antolak, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100010 ER PT B AU Kearney, SP Phinney, LM Baker, MS AF Kearney, Sean P. Phinney, Leslie M. Baker, Michael S. GP ASME TI Raman thermometry of an electro-thermal microactuator SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID THERMAL ACTUATORS AB Experimentally measured temperature profiles along the micron-scale beam of a working thermal actuator are reported for the first time. Using a surface Raman scattering technique, temperature measurements are obtained in a noncontact fashion with submicron spatial resolution and to within an uncertainty of better than 10 K. The experimental data are used to validate computational predictions of the actuator thermal performance with reasonable agreement between the data and predicted temperatures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kearney, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800 Mail Stop 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100011 ER PT B AU Sumali, H Kuppers, JD Czaplewski, DA Massad, JE Dyck, CW AF Sumali, Hartono Kuppers, Jaron D. Czaplewski, David A. Massad, Jordan E. Dyck, Christopher W. GP ASME TI Structural dynamics of an RF MEMS switch SO MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The radio-frequency micro-electromechanical system (RF MEMS) switch comprises a plate suspended by four double-cantilever springs. When electrostatic actuation is applied, the plate moves toward the substrate and closes the switch. This article discusses how simulation and experimental methods improve the performance of the switch by suppressing mechanical rebounds and thus electrical signal discontinuities. To accurately simulate the mechanical motion of the switch, a high-fidelity three-dimensional finite element model is created to couple the solid dynamics with the electrostatic actuation. The displacement of the switch at various points is measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter through a microscope. The operational deflection shapes agree with the model. The three-dimensional model produces the necessary information for an effective one-dimensional model. The latter model is used to calculate an actuation voltage waveform to minimize switch velocity at closure, thereby suppressing switch rebound. The waveforms can be refined experimentally to compensate for switch property variations. Laboratory tests indicate that the waveform suppresses or eliminates rebound events. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sumali, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hsumali@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100012 ER PT B AU Field, RV Reese, S AF Field, R. V., Jr. Reese, S. GP ASME TI Probabilistic analysis and design of a MEMS re-entry switch SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB The probabilistic analysis and design of a MEMS switch during atmospheric re-entry is discussed The switch is modeled as a classical vibro-impact system: a single degree-of-freedom oscillator subject to impact with a single rigid barrier The excitation is assumed stationary, Gaussian, with prescribed PSD to represent the re-entry environment. A subset of the model parameters are described as random variables to represent the significant unit-to-unit variability observed during fabrication and testing of the device. The metric of performance is the amount of time the switch remains closed during the re-entry event. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100061 ER PT B AU Bailar, JM Kast, BA Jones, JF AF Bailar, James M. Kast, Brian A. Jones, James F. (Red) GP ASME TI Actuated tweezers for precision microassembly SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE microassembly; microgripper; micromanipulation ID MICROGRIPPER AB Sandia National Laboratories is exploring assembling micro, meso, and miniature scale parts into a variety of tiny devices. These devices are comprised of parts ranging from tens of microns to a few millimeters in size. In support of this activity, a rapid prototyping assembly workstation that enables an operator to assemble three-dimensional devices with a minimum of fixturing has been developed. This workstation consists of precision robotics, stages, cameras, and sensors integrated in a way that facilitates human interaction. Although many of the workstation components are commercially available, no inexpensive and durable grippers of suitably large range of motion could be found. This paper describes the design and testing of a novel micro gripper based on precision tweezers and actuated with a micro servo that has proven extremely useful for the operator directed assembly of micro scale devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bailar, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100065 ER PT B AU Rose, SE Jones, JFR Enikov, ET AF Rose, Scott E. Jones, James F. (Red) Enikov, Eniko T. GP ASME TI Development of a high sensitivity three-axis force/torque sensor for microassembly SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE microassembly; multi-axis load cell; micro Newton force sensing AB There is a growing need for multi-axis force torque (F/T) sensors to aid in the assembly of micro-scale devices. Many current generation robotic microassembly systems lack the force-feedback needed to facilitate automating common assembly tasks, such as peg-in-hole insertions. Currently, most microassembly operations use vision systems to align components being assembled. However, it is difficult to view high aspect ratio component assemblies under high magnification due to the resulting limited depth-of-field. In addition, this difficulty is compounded as assembly tolerances approach dimensions resolvable with optics or if the mating parts are delicate. This paper describes the development of a high sensitivity F/T sensor. Optimal design theory was applied to determine the configuration that would result in the most sensitive and accurate sensor. Calibration experiments demonstrated that the sensor can resolve down to 200 mu N and possibly less. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rose, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Enikov, Eniko/I-7793-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100066 ER PT B AU Wong, CC AF Wong, C. Channy GP ASME TI A subgrid physics model for multi-length scale thermal analysis of MEMS SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID CONDUCTIVITY AB A subgrid physics model has been developed to analyze heat transfer in an integrated microsystem. By modeling the 'multi-mode' phonon scattering process in microstructures, the dominant microscale heat transfer mechanisms such as phonon scattering at thin-film boundaries and at grain boundaries will be captured. Thus a localized anisotropic thermal conductivity can be calculated for use in system analysis. With this new capability, a continuum thermal analysis tool can address thermal problems with multiple characteristic length scales. To demonstrate its capability, this subgrid physics model has been applied to simulate the thermal response of a microscale optical shutter. Result shows that internal material structures such as grain size can significantly change the thermal response of a microsystem. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microscale Sci & Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wong, CC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microscale Sci & Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 627 EP 634 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100099 ER PT B AU Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR Rader, DJ Bainbridge, BL AF Gallis, M. A. Torczynski, J. R. Rader, D. J. Bainbridge, B. L. GP ASME TI Noncontinuum gas-phase heat transfer from a heated microbeam to the adjacent substrate SO Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB Noncontinuum gas-phase heat transfer in two microscale geometries is investigated using two computational methods. The motivation is microscale thermal actuation produced by heating-induced expansion of a near-substrate microbearn in air. The first geometry involves a 1-mu m microgap filled with gas and bounded by parallel solid slabs. The second geometry involves a heated I-shaped microbeam 2 mu m from the adjacent substrate, with gas in between. Two computational methods are applied. The Navier-Stokes slip-jump (NSSJ) method uses continuum heat transfer in the gas, with temperature jumps at boundaries to treat noncontinuum effects. The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method uses computational molecules to simulate noncontinuum gas behavior accurately. For the microgap, the heat-flux values from both methods are in good agreement for all pressures and accommodation coefficients. For the microbeam, there is comparably good agreement except for cases with low pressures and near-unity accommodation coefficients. The causes of this discrepancy are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gallis, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 721 EP 730 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100112 ER PT B AU Whalen, SA Bahr, DF Richards, CD Richards, RF AF Whalen, S. A. Bahr, D. F. Richards, C. D. Richards, R. F. GP ASME TI Characterization of a liquid-vapor phase-change actuator SO MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS - 2005 SE Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP ASME, Proc Ind Div, ASME, Rail Transportat Div, ASME, Noise Control & Acoust Div, ASME, Triol Div, ASME, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div, ASME, Bioengn Div, ASME, Mat Div, ASME, Appl Mech Div, ASME, Fluids Engn Div, ASME, Micro Elect Mech Syst Div, ASME, Heat Transfer Div, ASME, Nucl Engn Div, ASME, Power Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div, ASME, Safety Engn & Risk Anal Div, ASME, Technol & Soc Div, ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Aerosp Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID FABRICATION; MICROPUMP; SYSTEMS; VALVES AB Factors affecting the efficiency of liquid-vapor phase-change actuators during dynamic operation are explored. To do this, a model actuator was specifically designed so that actuator geometry, material properties and operation could be easily varied in order to parametrically study their effects on actuator efficiency. A numerical model was developed so that the detailed energy budget within the device could be elucidated. It was found that device efficiency was maximized when the energy input into the actuator was equal to the energy required to dry out the evaporator. Membrane thermal mass and compliance, as well as the thickness of the evaporating liquid layer were also found to have a large impact on efficiency. In contrast, membrane thermal conductivity was found to have a minimal effect on efficiency for dynamic operation. Based on the parameter study, a liquid-vapor phase-change membrane actuator fabricated with a 10.3 mu m thick wicking structure and a 200 nm thick 3 mm-square silicon nitride actuation membrane was shown to demonstrate improved performance characteristics. The actuator generated peak pressures and deflections of 123 kPa and 167 mu m when actuated with a 14.3 mJ heating pulse for a thermal efficiency of 0.15%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Whalen, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sawhaie@sandia.gov; bahr@mme.wsu.edu; cill@mme.wsu.edu; richards@mme.wsu.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 0-7918-4224-X J9 MICROELECT MECH SYST PY 2005 VL 7 BP 751 EP 761 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFM28 UT WOS:000243038100117 ER PT S AU Bauer, JM Boal, AK Rivera, SB Manley, RG Bachand, GD Liu, J Manginell, RP Bunker, BC AF Bauer, JM Boal, AK Rivera, SB Manley, RG Bachand, GD Liu, J Manginell, RP Bunker, BC BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI Nanoscale transport and assembly with motor proteins and microtubules SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE microtubules; motor proteins; motion tracking; directed transport ID KINESIN AB A unique platform for the biomimetic transport of nano- and microscale materials with microtubules and motor proteins has been developed. The platform contains chemically distinct materials, fluidic and optical access on opposite sides of the platform, and the ability to incorporate electronics. The chemically distinct materials (gold and silicon dioxide) allow deposition and confinement of the biomolecular motor kinesin through selective formation of protein anti-fouling monolayers on the gold surfaces. Additionally, we have designed a custom motion-tracking program to evaluate the effectiveness of the platform in directing microtubule (and microtubule-transported cargo) motion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bauer, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 18 EP 20 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000006 ER PT S AU Patel, K Crocker, R AF Patel, K Crocker, R BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI Electrokinetic micropumps for direct pumping of acidic solvents in MICRO-HPLC systems SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE electrokinetic pump; micro-HPLC; acidic solvents; HPLC-on-a-chip; nanoLC AB Electrokinetic (EK) micropumps are well suited for microfluidic applications. The pumps are physically compact, operate silently, and generate hydraulic work with no moving parts. EK pumps use electroosmosis in a charged nanoporous (10-500 nm) media to generate hydraulic pressure and flow. For use with micro-HPLC system, we have developed electrokinetic pumps that can directly pump acidic mobile phases commonly used in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Pumps show long-lifetimes and stable flow generation in the nL/min flow regime. A pair of pumps operating under dynamic flow control have been used for binary gradient elution. Retention time RSDs of less then 1% for the separation of peptide standards have been achieved using the acid EK pumps to generate an acetonitrile gradient. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Microfluid & Adv Microsyst Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Patel, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Microfluid & Adv Microsyst Engn, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 590 EP 592 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000198 ER PT S AU Mosier, BP Crocker, RW Harnett, CK Patel, KD AF Mosier, BP Crocker, RW Harnett, CK Patel, KD BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI Precise and automated microfluidic sample preparation SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE electrokinetic pump; flow control; sample preparation; protein labeling AB Autonomous bio-chemical agent detectors require sample preparation involving multiplex fluid control. We have developed a portable microfluidic pump array for metering sub-microliter volumes at flowrates of 1-100 mL/min. Each pump is composed of an electrokinetic (EK) pump and high-voltage power supply with 15-Hz feedback from flow sensors. The combination of high pump fluid impedance and active control results in precise fluid metering with nanoliter accuracy. Automated sample preparation will be demonstrated by labeling proteins with fluorescamine and subsequent injection to a capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) chip. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid & Adv Microsyst Engn Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mosier, BP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid & Adv Microsyst Engn Dept, 7011 E Ave,MS9951, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Kamlesh/A-9728-2009 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 644 EP 646 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000216 ER PT S AU Davalos, RV Lapizco-Encinas, BH Fiechtner, GJ Singh, AK Simmons, BA Fintschenko, Y Cummings, EB AF Davalos, RV Lapizco-Encinas, BH Fiechtner, GJ Singh, AK Simmons, BA Fintschenko, Y Cummings, EB BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI A performance comparison of post-and ridge-based dielectrophoretic particle sorters SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE dielectrophoresis; electrokinetic flow; concentrator; sample preparation ID SEPARATION; BACTERIA; LIVE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Davalos, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9036, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sano, Michael/E-1715-2011 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 650 EP 652 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000218 ER PT S AU West, JAA Hukari, KW Shepodd, T Hux, GA AF West, JAA Hukari, KW Shepodd, T Hux, GA BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ Kutter, JP TI A high density microfluidic microarray platform for rapid genomic profiling SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 1 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci AB We have developed microfluidic gene array chips and supporting hardware to produce a miniaturized microarray platform for rapid sample preparation and probe hybridization in order to perform rapid genomic profiling on high density microarrays. This platform allows the sample concentration, probe labeling and hybridization, and detection of nucleic acid containing samples in a hand portable sized device. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP West, JAA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-643-7 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 296 BP 656 EP 658 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF13 UT WOS:000228997000220 ER PT S AU Manginell, RP Okandan, M Bauer, JM Manley, R Trudell, D Kottenstette, RJ Lewis, PR Adkins, DR Heller, EJ Stewart, H Shul, RJ AF Manginell, RP Okandan, M Bauer, JM Manley, R Trudell, D Kottenstette, RJ Lewis, PR Adkins, DR Heller, EJ Stewart, H Shul, RJ BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI Advancements in the monolithically-integrated Microchemlab (TM) SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE acoustic sensor; gas-phase analysis; gas chromatography; sample preconcentration AB A hand-held system for sensitive/selective detection of gas-phase chemicals has been developed and tested in the field. The sequential connection of microfabricated preconcentrators (PC), gas chromatography columns (GC) and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) detector arrays is used to impart selectivity and sensitivity to the MicroChemLab (TM) system. Hybrid integration of the micro components is used in the fielded system, permitting their individual optimization and modular replacement. To further reduce system dead volume and ease assembly requirements, monolithic integration of the PC and GC with a suitable silicon-based detector has been undertaken. A magnetically-actuated pivot plate resonator is presented as a candidate detector. Monolithic design, fabrication, coating and packaging are the topics of this correspondence. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Manginell, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400021 ER PT S AU Song, S Mela, P van den Berg, A Kirby, BJ AF Song, S Mela, P van den Berg, A Kirby, BJ BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI Microfluidic architectures for integrated cell lysis, lysate dialysis and cell stimulus SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE cell lysis; dialysis; polymer membrane; cell stimulus AB Microfluidic architectures suitable for cell lysis, lysate dialysis, and cell stimulus are proposed. Laser-patterned nanoporous polymer membranes are fabricated in microchips using projection lithography and are used to separate cell lysate based on size and concentrate cytosolic proteins by electrophoretic concentration. Cell stimulus is achieved by rapidly changing the cell environment with aid of in-line, electrokinetic flow modulation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mircofluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Song, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mircofluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400053 ER PT S AU Simmons, B Lapizco-Encinas, B Shediac, R Hachman, J Chames, J Brazzle, J Ceremuga, J Fiechtner, G Cummings, E Fintschenko, Y AF Simmons, B Lapizco-Encinas, B Shediac, R Hachman, J Chames, J Brazzle, J Ceremuga, J Fiechtner, G Cummings, E Fintschenko, Y BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI Polymeric insulator-based (electrodeless) dielectrophoresis (iDEP) for the monitoring of water-borne pathogens SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE dielectrophoresis; polymer microfluidics; concentration; separation AB We report the selective trapping, concentration, and release of various particles utilizing insulative (electrodeless) dielectrophoresis (iDEP) with a polymeric device. These organisms include inert polystyrene beads, bacterium, and spores that were selectively concentrated and released using only a DC voltage applied across a polymeric microchannel filled with insulating posts. These devices were formed through an injection molding process utilizing an electroplated nickel stamp with polyolefins serving as the thermoplastic polymer of choice based on operating conditions. These devices were then sealed with lids through thermal diffusion bonding. The only electrodes present were platinum wires that were placed in the fluidic inlet and outlet reservoirs. The dielectrophoretic responses of the particles were observed to be a function of the applied electric field as well as post size, geometry, and spacing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Simmons, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Sano, Michael/E-1715-2011 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 171 EP 173 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400057 ER PT S AU Herr, AE Throckmorton, DJ Singh, AK AF Herr, AE Throckmorton, DJ Singh, AK BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI On-chip immunoassay for tetanus toxin antibody using UV-initiated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE immunoassay; tetanus toxin; electrophoresis; polyacrylamide gel; serum AB Rapid determination of antigen and antibody levels in biological fluids is imperative for accurate, timely diagnosis of disease states, as well as for determination of efficacy of vaccination against infectious agents. Tetanus is a highly fatal, infectious disease for which vaccination is the most-effective intervention. Efficacy of vaccines can be determined by measuring the concentration of antibodies in serum. Conventional immunoassays (such as the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay or ELISA) require long assay times and relatively large amount of samples and reagents. We report about on-chip electrokinetic immunoassays for rapid (less than 3 minutes) and sensitive (sub-nanomolar) detection of anti-tetanus toxin levels. The technique employs photolithographically-fabricated cross-linked sieving gels as an electrophoresis-based separation medium for detection and quantification of antibody levels, an as of yet unreported approach. The technique is amenable to automation and development of portable medical diagnostic devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Herr, AE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 219 EP 221 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400072 ER PT S AU Reichmuth, DS Chirica, GS Kirby, BJ AF Reichmuth, DS Chirica, GS Kirby, BJ BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI Analysis of peptides using an integrated microchip HPLC-MS/MS system SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE HPLC; mass spectrometry; LC; MS/MS; flow control; microvalve AB An on-chip HPLC was fabricated using in situ polymerization of both fixed and mobile polymer monoliths. Integration of the chip with a nanospray MS emitter enables identification of peptides by the use of tandem MS. The chip is capable of analyzing of very small sample volumes (< 200 pl) in short times (< 3 min). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reichmuth, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 318 EP 320 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400105 ER PT S AU Hukari, KW Patel, K Renzi, RF West, JAA AF Hukari, KW Patel, K Renzi, RF West, JAA BE Laurell, T Nilsson, J Jensen, K Harrison, DJ TI Rapid and complete solubilization of bacillus spores using a flow through thermolyser for automated sample preparation SO Micro Total Analysis Systems 2004, Vol 2 SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences CY SEP 26-30, 2004 CL Malmo, SWEDEN SP VINNIVA, Crafoord Fdn, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, MCPT, Micralyne, SAMSUNG, Micro Plastab, GYROS, Lung Univ, Erysave AB, ATS Med, Silex Microsyst, Johnson &Johnson, Caliper Life Sci, MicroFluid Syst Inc, Analyt Chem, Sci AAAS, Lab Chip, Journal Separat Sci DE thermolysis; sample preparation; bacterial spores; mu Chemlab; microfluidics AB Rapid identification of viral and bacterial species is dependent on the ability to manipulate the biological agents into a form where they can be analyzed directly. Many of these species of interest, such as bacterial spores, are inherently hearty and very difficult to lyse or solubilize. To overcome this inherent difficulty we have designed and fabricated a device which allows the superheating and lysis of these robust spores. The device was then coupled to sample preparation station for on-line fluorescent dye labeling and buffer exchange for direct analysis using the miniaturized capillary electrophoresis instrument, mu Chemlab. Using this integrated device we were abled to perform sample lysis, labeling and protein fingerprint analysis of vegetative bacterial cells, bacterial spores or viruses in less than 10 minutes. The described device is simple, inexpensive and easily integratable with various microfluidic devices, such as the hand portable mu Chemlab. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hukari, KW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Res Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-896-0 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2005 IS 297 BP 321 EP 323 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF25 UT WOS:000229017400106 ER PT S AU Schadt, CW Liebich, J Chong, SC Gentry, TJ He, ZL Pan, HB Zhou, JZ AF Schadt, CW Liebich, J Chong, SC Gentry, TJ He, ZL Pan, HB Zhou, JZ BE Savidge, T Pothoulakis, C TI Design and use of functional gene microarrays (FGAs) for the characterization of microbial communities SO MICROBIAL IMAGING SE Methods in Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DISSIMILATORY SULFITE REDUCTASE; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON DIOXYGENASE; MERCURY-RESISTANCE TRANSPOSONS; MULTIPLE LATERAL TRANSFERS; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA OUS82; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MER-A GENES; NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszemtrum Julich GmbH, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Schadt, CW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012 OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; NR 163 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0580-9517 BN 0-12-521534-7 J9 METHOD MICROBIOL JI Methods Microbiol. PY 2005 VL 34 BP 331 EP + DI 10.1016/S0580-9517(04)34011-0 PG 39 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BCA21 UT WOS:000228448100011 ER PT J AU Shimada, K Hayashi, HK Ookubo, Y Iwamaru, Y Imamura, M Takata, M Schmerr, MJ Shinagawa, M Yokoyama, T AF Shimada, K Hayashi, HK Ookubo, Y Iwamaru, Y Imamura, M Takata, M Schmerr, MJ Shinagawa, M Yokoyama, T TI Rapid PrPSc detection in lymphoid tissue and application to scrapie surveillance of fallen stock in Japan: Variable PrPSc accumulation in palatal tonsil in natural scrapie SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prion; scrapie; surveillance; tonsil ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; PRION PROTEIN; MOUSE SPLEEN; DIAGNOSIS; BIOPSY; AGENT; SHEEP; BSE AB Rapid western blot (WB) procedure for an abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrPSc) detection in lymphoid tissues was established and has been applied to the surveillance of fallen stock. In this program, brain and palatal tonsil were examined by WB and three cases of sheep scrapie were detected. While one clinically scrapie-infected sheep harbored PrPSc in the brain and palatal tonsil, the two sheep in the pre-clinical stage harbored PrPSc in the brain, but not in the palatal tonsil. This study shows that PrPSc accumulation in palatal tonsil is variable in natural scrapie, even among genetically susceptible sheep. C1 Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Prion Dis Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yokoyama, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Prion Dis Res Ctr, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050856, Japan. EM tyoko@affrc.go.jp NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 2005 VL 49 IS 8 BP 801 EP 804 PG 4 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 952WC UT WOS:000231035400012 PM 16113510 ER PT J AU Wagner, D Maser, J Moric, I Boechat, N Vogt, S Gicquel, B Lai, B Reyrat, JM Bermudez, L AF Wagner, D Maser, J Moric, I Boechat, N Vogt, S Gicquel, B Lai, B Reyrat, JM Bermudez, L TI Changes of the phagosomal elemental concentrations by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mramp SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID AVIUM-CONTAINING PHAGOSOMES; IRON TRANSPORT; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; MOUSE MACROPHAGES; AFFECT VIRULENCE; FORMERLY NRAMP1; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; MEMBRANE; PROTEIN AB Pathogenic mycobacteria survive within phagosomes which are thought to represent a nutrient-restricted environment. Divalent cation transporters of the Nramp family in phagosomes and mycobacteria (Mramp) may compete for metals that are crucial for bacterial survival. The elemental concentrations in phagosomes of macrophages infected with wild-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv) and a M. tuberculosis Mramp knockout mutant (Mramp-KO), derived from a clinical isolate isogenic to the strain MT103, were compared. Time points of 1 and 24 h after infection of mouse peritoneal macrophages (bcg(S)) were compared in both cases. Increased concentrations of P, Ni and Zn and reduced Cl concentration in Mramp-KO after 1 h of infection were observed, compared to M. tuberculosis vacuoles. After 24 h of infection, significant differences in the P, Cl and Zn concentrations were still present. The Mramp-KO phagosome showed a significant increase of P, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn concentrations between 1 and 24 h after infection, while the concentrations of K and Ni decreased. In the M. tuberculosis vacuole, the Fe concentration showed a similar increase, while the Cl concentration decreased. The fact that the concentration of several divalent cations increased in the Mramp-KO strain suggests that Mramp may have no impact on the import of these divalent cations into the mycobacterium, but may function as a cation efflux pump. The concordant increase of Fe concentrations within M. tuberculosis, as well as within the Mramp-KO vacuoles, implies that Mramp, in contrast to siderophores, might not be important for the attraction of Fe and its retention in phagosomes of unstimulated macrophages. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Pasteur, Unite Genet Mycobacterienne, Paris, France. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wagner, D (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Hugstetter Str 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. EM Dirk.Wagner@medizin.ukl.uni-freiburg.de RI Wagner, Dirk/G-4598-2013; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Wagner, Dirk/D-9778-2016; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Wagner, Dirk/0000-0002-3271-5815; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI 47010] NR 42 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JAN PY 2005 VL 151 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27213-0 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 888CW UT WOS:000226352800031 PM 15632449 ER PT S AU Ting, AL AF Ting, AL BE Maher, MA Stewart, HD TI Temperature rise of the silicon mask-PMMA resist assembly during LIGA exposure SO Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology X CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE LIGA exposure; mask-resist assembly; thermal analysis; heat conduction; forced covection AB Deep X-ray lithography on PMMA resist is used in the LIGA process. The resist is exposed to synchrotron X-rays through a patterned mask and then is developed in a liquid developer to make high aspect ratio microstructures. This work addresses the thermal analysis and temperature rise of the mask-resist assembly during exposure at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron. The concern is that the thermal expansion will lower the accuracy of the lithography. We have developed a three-dimensional finite-element model of the mask and resist assembly. We employed the LIGA exposure-development software LEX-D and the commercial software ABAQUS to calculate heat transfer of the assembly during exposure. The calculations of assembly maximum temperature have been compared with temperature measurements conducted at ALS. The temperature rise in the silicon mask and the mask holder comes directly from the X-ray absorption, but forced convection of nitrogen jets carry away a significant portion of heat energy from the mask surface, while natural convection plays a negligible role. The temperature rise in PMMA resist is mainly from heat conducted from the silicon substrate backward to the resist and from the mask plate through inner cavity air forward to the resist, while the X-ray absorption is only secondary. Therefore, reduction of heat flow conducted from both substrate and cavity air to the resist is essential. An improved water-cooling block is expected to carry away most heat energy along the main heat conductive path, leaving the resist at a favorable working temperature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ting, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5689-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5715 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.590909 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCE32 UT WOS:000228834900006 ER PT S AU McGraw, GJ Davalos, RV Brazzle, JD Hachman, J Hunter, MC Chames, J Fiechtner, GJ Cummings, EB Fintschenko, Y Simmons, BA AF McGraw, GJ Davalos, RV Brazzle, JD Hachman, J Hunter, MC Chames, J Fiechtner, GJ Cummings, EB Fintschenko, Y Simmons, BA BE Maher, MA Stewart, HD TI Polymeric microfluidic devices for the monitoring and separation of water-borne pathogens utilizing insulative dielectrophoresis SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology X CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE insulator-based dielectrophoresis; polymer microfluidics; pathogens; separation; concentration; sample management ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; BACTERIA; LIVE AB We have successfully demonstrated selective trapping, concentration, and release of various biological organisms and inert beads by insulator-based dielectrophoresis within a polymeric microfluidic device. The microfluidic channels and internal features, in this case arrays of insulating posts, were initially created through standard wet-etch techniques in glass. This glass chip was then transformed into a nickel stamp through the process of electroplating. The resultant nickel stamp was then used as the replication tool to produce the polymeric devices through injection molding. The polymeric devices were made of Zeonor (R) 1060R, a polyolefin copolymer resin selected for its superior chemical resistance and optical properties. These devices were then optically aligned with another polymeric substrate that had been machined to form fluidic vias. These two polymeric substrates were then bonded together through thermal diffusion bonding. The sealed devices were utilized to selectively separate and concentrate a variety of biological pathogen simulants and organisms. These organisms include bacteria and spores that were selectively concentrated and released by simply applying D.C. voltages across the plastic replicates via platinum electrodes in inlet and outlet reservoirs. The dielectrophoretic response of the organisms is observed to be a function of the applied electric field and post size, geometry and spacing. Cells were selectively trapped against a background of labeled polystyrene beads and spores to demonstrate that samples of interest can be separated from a diverse background. We have implemented a methodology to determine the concentration factors obtained in these devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM basimmo@sandia.eov; basimmo@sandia.gov RI Sano, Michael/E-1715-2011; OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5689-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5715 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.597711 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BCE32 UT WOS:000228834900007 ER PT S AU Shaw, MJ Guo, J Vawter, GA Habermehl, C Sullivan, CT AF Shaw, MJ Guo, J Vawter, GA Habermehl, C Sullivan, CT BE Johnson, EG Nordin, GP Suleski, TJ TI Fabrication techniques for low loss silicon nitride waveguides SO Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics III CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Semicond Equipment and Mat Int, Solid State Technol, Sandia Natl Lab DE waveguide; silicon nitride; optical loss; sidewall roughness; PLC; Si3N4 ID SCATTERING LOSSES; ROUGHNESS; INHOMOGENEITY AB Optical waveguide propagation loss due to sidewall roughness, material impurity and inhomogeneity has been the focus of many studies in fabricating planar lightwave circuits (PLC's)(1,2,3) In this work, experiments were carried Out to identify the best fabrication process for reducing propagation loss in single mode waveguides comprised of silicon nitride core and silicon dioxide cladding material. Sidewall roughness measurements were taken during the fabrication of waveguide devices for various processing conditions. Several fabrication techniques were explored to reduce the sidewall roughness and absorption in the waveguides. Improvements in waveguide quality were established by direct measurement of waveguide propagation loss. The lowest linear waveguide loss measured in these buried channel waveguides was 0.1 dB/cm at a wavelength of 1550 nm. This low propagation loss along with the large refractive index contrast between silicon nitride and silicon dioxide enables high density integration of photonic devices and small PLC's for a variety of applications in photonic sensing and communications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaw, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5694-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5720 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.588828 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCE51 UT WOS:000228863700015 ER PT J AU Dai, ZX Wang, RH Xu, ZL Wang, XY Wang, JB Gui, JN Yang, XQ AF Dai, ZX Wang, RH Xu, ZL Wang, XY Wang, JB Gui, JN Yang, XQ TI New findings in phase transitions of spinel Li1.07Mn1.93O4-delta studied by transmission electron microscopy SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE phase transition; charge-ordering; orbital-ordering; spinel LiMn2O4; transmission electron microscopy ID CHARGE-ORDERED STRIPES; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; CATHODE MATERIALS; WIGNER-CRYSTAL; BI-STRIPE; LIMN2O4 AB Phase transitions and the related phase identifications at different temperatures for spinel Li1,07Mn1.93O4-delta crystals have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The preliminary results clearly show the existence of at least two types of low-temperature, phase: monoclinic and orthorhombic. Oxygen deficiency may raise the phase-transition temperature for the high-temperarure (HT) cubic to low-temperature (LT) tetragonal, monoclinic, or orthorhombic phases. When the oxygen deficiency 6 is very close to zero. the transition temperature is below room temperature (RT). Therefore, only the HT cubic spinel is observed at RT. When delta=0.182. the transition temperature is higher than RT, so the structures of the LT phases can be studied at RT. This study reveals the structural relationships between the LT phase and the HT phase. These relationships can be summarized as follows: (1) Two orthogonal cubic [440](Cubic) and [440]*(Cubic) reciprocal vectors are divided into two parts by {220} and {2 (2) over bar0} super reflections. respectively. This situation resembles the structures caused by correlated tilting and/or distortion of the octahedra in perovskites. (2) One of the cubic <440>(Cubic) reciprocal vectors is divided into three parts by weak super-reflections. This situation resembles the modulated structure caused by the charge- and orbital -ordering in the perovskite La1/3Ca2/3MnO3 of the space group Pnma. (3) One of the cubic <440>*cubic reciprocal vectors, e.g. [440]*(Cubic) is divided into three parts by stronger super-reflections, at the same time some strong reflections of the cubic spinel, e.g. (1 (1) over bar1)Cubic = (320)(Onho)/2 disappear, indicating that there is a phase transition containing atomic movement. Items (2) and (3) are new findings in the present work. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Wuhan Univ, Ctr Elect Microscopy, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, RH (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM rhwang@whu.edu.cn RI Wang, Jianbo/D-9991-2011 OI Wang, Jianbo/0000-0002-3315-3105 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2005 VL 36 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2004.06.003 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 888EH UT WOS:000226356500006 PM 15582477 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Zhu, Y AF Klie, RF Zhu, Y TI Atomic resolution STEM analysis of defects and interfaces in ceramic materials SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE STEM; HAADF; Z-contrast imaging; EELS; SrTiO3; MgB2; TiO2-LaAlO3 ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; SRTIO3; MGB2; MICROSCOPE; LATTICE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SENSITIVITY; ABERRATION AB Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis, in particular the combination of Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been successfully used to measure the atomic and electronic structure of materials with subnanometer spatial resolution. Furthermore, the combination of this incoherent imaging technique with EELS allows us to correlate certain structural features, such as defects or interfaces directly with the measured changes in the local electronic fine-structure. In this review, we will discuss the experimental procedures for achieving high-resolution Z-contrast imaging and EELS. We will describe the alignment and experimental setup for high-resolution STEM analysis and also describe some of our recent results where the combined use of atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and column-by-column EELS has helped solve important materials science problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, 76 Cornell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM klie@bnl.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2004.12.003 PG 13 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 905TZ UT WOS:000227594500002 PM 15725591 ER PT J AU Iddir, H Disko, MM Ogut, S Browning, ND AF Iddir, H Disko, MM Ogut, S Browning, ND TI Atomic scale characterization of the Pt/TiO2 interface SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE STEM; Z-contrast imaging; EELS; SMSI; heterogeneous catalysts; Pt/TiO2 ID METAL-SUPPORT INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SURFACE SCIENCE; TIO2 ANATASE; TIO2(110); RESOLUTION; CATALYSTS; PARTICLES; CARBON AB We present results from an investigation of the Pt/TiO2 catalyst system using a combination of Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope. Evidence of a strong interaction between the Pt particles and the support is found to be dependent on the Pt cluster size, being manifested either as an encapsulation of the Pt particles by the support or a distortion of the structure of the Pt particles. In the case of clusters that are only a few atoms in size, we show direct evidence of an epitaxial nucleation relationship between Pt and Titania. The results also show unexpectedly that Pt particles exhibit a preferential nucleation on rutile rather than anatase. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM hiddir1@uic.edu RI Ogut, Serdar/B-1749-2012; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2004.12.002 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 905TZ UT WOS:000227594500003 PM 15725592 ER PT J AU Erni, R Browning, ND Dai, ZR Bradley, JP AF Erni, R Browning, ND Dai, ZR Bradley, JP TI Analysis of extraterrestrial particles using monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE EELS; VEELS; interplanetary dust particles; silicate; molecular oxygen; iron oxide; magnetite ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; LOSS SPECTRA; EDGE SPECTROSCOPY; BAND-GAP; FILMS; SPECTROMETER; TRANSMISSION AB A monochromated (scanning) transmission electron microscope was used to analyze individual sub-micron grains within interplanetary dust particles (IDP). Using low-loss and core-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we analyzed fluid and gas inclusions within vesiculated alumosilicate grains. It is shown that nanometer-sized vesicles contain predominantly molecular oxygen (02) beside a small fraction of H2O, Low-loss spectra reveal the Schumann-Runge continuum peaking at 8.6 eV and absorption bands reflecting vibrational excitation states of 02 molecules between the first (12.1 eV) and second (16.1 eV) ionization energy. The presence of oxygen gas is supported by the corresponding oxygen K-edge fine structure. The valence state of Fe in iron-oxide within the IDP was also studied. Low-loss spectra provide qualitative information about the oxidation state of iron consistent with the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio quantitatively derived from the Fe L-2,L-3 edge. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Browning, ND (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ndbrowning@lbl.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010; Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; OI Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 369 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2004.12.011 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 928MG UT WOS:000229275200007 PM 15857776 ER PT J AU Nalla, RK Porter, AE Daraio, C Minor, AM Radmilovic, V Stach, EA Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Porter, AE Daraio, C Minor, AM Radmilovic, V Stach, EA Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO TI Ultrastructural examination of dentin using focused ion-beam cross-sectioning and transmission electron microscopy SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE aging; mineralized tissue; dentin; fracture; microscopy; FIB; TEM ID FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TOUGHENING MECHANISMS; ROOT DENTIN; FRACTURE; SPECIMENS; COMPOSITES; TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS AB Focused ion-beam (FIB) milling is a commonly used technique for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation of inorganic materials. In this study, we seek to evaluate the FIB as a TEM preparation tool for human dentin. Two particular problems involving dentin, a structural analog of bone that makes up the bulk of the human tooth, are examined. Firstly, the process of aging is studied through an investigation of the mineralization in 'transparent' dentin, which is formed naturally due to the filling up of dentinal tubules with large mineral crystals. Next, the process of fracture is examined to evaluate incipient events that occur at the collagen fiber level. For both these cases, FIB-milling was able to generate high-quality specimens that could be used for subsequent TEM examination. The changes in the mineralization suggested a simple mechanism of mineral 'dissolution and reprecipitation', while examination of the collagen revealed incipient damage in the form of voids within the collagen fibers. These studies help shed light on the process of aging and fracture of mineralized tissues and are useful steps in developing a framework for understanding such processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Porter, AE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, New Museums Site,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM aep30@cam.ac.uk RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Daraio, Chiara/N-2170-2015 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Daraio, Chiara/0000-0001-5296-4440 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [5R01 DE015633, P01DE09859] NR 55 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PY 2005 VL 36 IS 7-8 BP 672 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2005.05.011 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 994ZC UT WOS:000234068700012 PM 16182542 ER PT S AU Tonkovich, ALY Wang, Y AF Tonkovich, ALY Wang, Y BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Overview of early-stage microchannel reactor development at pacific northwest national laboratory SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc AB Investigation of microchannel reactors at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) began in the mid 1990s. During the half decade leading to 2000, many concurrent challenges were faced involving device design, catalyst development, and fabrication methods. Microchannel reactor development efforts at PNNL were focused on solving applied problems, including vaporization of hydrocarbon fuels and their steam reforming for fuel processing. Efforts at PNNL also focused on the development of engineered catalysts based on structured metal substrates and device fabrication using diffusion-bonded metal sheets. C1 Velocys, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99301 USA. RP Tonkovich, ALY (reprint author), Velocys, 7950 Corp Blvd, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 47 EP 65 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000003 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Johnson, BR Cao, J Chin, YH Rozmiarek, RT Gao, YF Tonkovich, AL AF Wang, Y Johnson, BR Cao, J Chin, YH Rozmiarek, RT Gao, YF Tonkovich, AL BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Engineered catalysts for microchannel reactor applications SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID FE-CR-AL; GROWTH MECHANISMS; DEEP OXIDATION; ALUMINA SCALES; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE; ALPHA-AL2O3; TECHNOLOGY AB Porous metal substrates with improved mass and heat transfer characteristics were used to design engineered catalyst structures for rnicrochannel reactor applications. Metal substrates have advantages such as high thermal conductivity, but are difficult to integrate with reftactory metal oxides often used as catalyst supports. This problem can be mitigated by incorporating an interfacial layer between the porous metal substrate surface and the catalyst layer which improves the catalyst adhesion, prevents metal surface corrosion, and minimizes the undesired side reactions catalyzed by the underlying metal substrate. The interfacial layer can be either directly grown as a native oxide layer on Al containing alloys and/or coated as a metal oxide layer using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The described interfacial design provides a flexible method to develop engineered catalysts for a variety of microchannel reactor applications, particularly for highly endothermic or exothermic reactions under corrosive reaction conditions. Here, methane steam reforming is used as an example to demonstrate potential advantages of this approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Velocys, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 102 EP 118 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000006 ER PT S AU King, DL Brooks, K Fischer, C Pederson, L Rawlings, G Stenkamp, VS TeGrotenhuis, W Wegeng, R Whyatt, G AF King, DL Brooks, K Fischer, C Pederson, L Rawlings, G Stenkamp, VS TeGrotenhuis, W Wegeng, R Whyatt, G BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Fuel reformation: Catalyst requirements in microchannel architectures SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc AB Microchannel reactors have unique capabilities for onboard hydrocarbon fuel processing, due to their ability to provide process intensification through high heat and mass transfer, leading to smaller and more efficient reactors. The catalyst requirements in microchannel devices are demanding, requiring high activity, very low deactivation rates, and strong adherence to engineered substrate. Each unit operation benefits from. microchannel architecture: the steam reforming reactor removes heat transfer limitations, allowing the catalyst to operate at elevated temperatures at the kinetic limit; the water gas shift reactor uses unique temperature control to reduce catalyst volume requirements; the PROX reactor provides high CO conversion and minimizes H-2 oxidation through effective control of reactor temperature. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP King, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 119 EP 128 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000007 ER PT S AU Holladay, JD Jones, EO Dagle, RA Xia, GG Cao, C Wang, Y AF Holladay, JD Jones, EO Dagle, RA Xia, GG Cao, C Wang, Y BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Miniaturization of a hydrogen plant SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID CHEMICAL REACTOR; ACTIVATED CARBON; PD/ZNO CATALYST; FUEL PROCESSOR; METHANOL; ADSORPTION; MEMBRANES; MONOXIDE AB The development of a miniaturized hydrogen plant is discussed. The micro-scale system is capable of producing 1-5 sccm hydrogen that could be used as a fuel supply in a small fuel cell to produce < 1 W power. The paper describes the developmental approach, significant unit operations, material selection, and reactor design. The final microscale fuel processing system is composed of a catalytic combustor, catalytic methanol reformer, selective methanation reactor, and the necessary vaporizers and heat exchangers. The fuel processing system is less than 0.3 cm(3) and less than I gram mass. Thermal efficiencies as high as 33% for hydrogen production were achieved. When a methanation reactor was incorporated into the system, a carbon monoxide level of less than 100 ppm was reached, but at a reduced system efficiency. Further development work includes increasing efficiency through improved system integration. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holladay, JD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 999,MS K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 162 EP 178 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000010 ER PT S AU Palo, DR Holladay, JD Dagle, RA Chin, YH AF Palo, DR Holladay, JD Dagle, RA Chin, YH BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Integrated methanol fuel processors for portable fuel cell systems SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID POWER APPLICATIONS; PD/ZNO CATALYST AB To meet the growing needs of the U.S. military for portable power, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Division (Battelle) is developing a portable power system designed to provide 100150 watts of electric power for tomorrow's soldier. Battelle's patented micro-channel process technology and highly active and selective steam reforming catalysts enable devices that are small and light, and provide a reliable stream of hydrogen-rich gas to power small proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Fuel processors developed under this project, and operating on methanol, have achieved thermal efficiencies of up to 85%, yielding outputs up to 300 We, and providing projected energy densities of up to 2300 Whr/kg fuel. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command and the Office of Naval Research. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palo, DR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 999,MS K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 209 EP 223 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000013 ER PT S AU Brooks, KP Davis, JM Fischer, CM King, DL Pederson, LR Rawlings, GC Stenkamp, VS TeGrotenhuis, W Wegeng, RS Whyatt, GA AF Brooks, KP Davis, JM Fischer, CM King, DL Pederson, LR Rawlings, GC Stenkamp, VS TeGrotenhuis, W Wegeng, RS Whyatt, GA BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Fuel reformation: Microchannel reactor design SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc AB Fuel processing extracts hydrogen from conventional vehicle fuel and allows fuel cell powered vehicles to use the existing petroleum fuel infrastructure. Kilowatt scale microchannel steam reforming, water-gas shift, and preferential oxidation reactors are being developed to meet DOE-required system performance metrics. Microchannel design effectively supplies heat to the highly endothermic steam reforming reactor to maintain high conversions, controls the temperature profile for the exothermic water gas shift reactor, which optimizes the overall reaction conversion, and removes heat to prevent unwanted hydrogen oxidation in the preferential oxidation reactor. The reactors combined with microchannel heat exchangers, when scaled to a full sized 50 kWe automotive system, will be less than 21 L in volume and 52 kg in weight. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brooks, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 238 EP 257 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000015 ER PT S AU Jarosch, KT Tonkovich, ALY Perry, ST Kuhlmann, D Wang, Y AF Jarosch, KT Tonkovich, ALY Perry, ST Kuhlmann, D Wang, Y BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Microchannel reactors for intensifying gas-to-liquid technology SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc AB Microchannel devices increase process intensity for major unit operation building blocks, including chemical reactors, by reducing heat and mass transfer distances. Observed volume reductions range from 10 to 1,000 times that of conventional technology. Microchannel technology is being commercialized for both steam methane reforming and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Synthesis gas formation in methane reformers with integrated combustion has been demonstrated where conversions approach equilibrium at contact times less than 10 milliseconds (ms), temperatures near 925 degrees C, at a pressure of 25 atmospheres (atm). FT synthesis has been demonstrated in a microchannel reactor over a Co/Re-Al2O3 catalyst at a pressure of 41 atm and temperature of 250 degrees C. Carbon monoxide conversion was greater than 69%, while selectivity to methane was below 11% at a contact time of 308 ms. In addition, the required manufacturing methods and technology to produce large-capacity microchannel reactors have been developed and demonstrated. C1 Velocys Inc, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99301 USA. RP Jarosch, KT (reprint author), Velocys Inc, 7950 Corp Blvd, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 258 EP 272 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000016 ER PT S AU Cao, CS Wang, Y Jones, SB Hu, JL Li, XS Elliott, DC Stevens, DJ AF Cao, CS Wang, Y Jones, SB Hu, JL Li, XS Elliott, DC Stevens, DJ BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Microchannel catalytic processes for converting biomass-derived syngas to transportation fuels SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc AB in this paper, a catalytic microchannel reactor integrated with highly efficient heat exchangers was used to demonstrate the significantly improved Fischer-Tropsch (FT) productivity by minimizing heat and mass transfer limitations in this three phase reaction system. A factor of up to 15 process intensification can be achieved for FT synthesis using microchannel reactors. In order to achieve high yields of naphtha and diesel range of hydrocarbons (C-5-C-19), we have developed a unique structured catalyst system suitable for the deployment in microchannel reactor applications. This engineered catalyst structure is based on metallic monolith supports, uniformly coated with an improved catalyst formula. Such an ordered catalyst structure has the advantages of higher thermal conductivity and more reduced mass transfer resistance compared to the conventional catalysts. By tailoring the mass transfer limitations, we have demonstrated that this engineered catalyst produces hydrocarbons with narrower carbon distributions (mainly < C-25) than a conventional particulate catalyst at similar conversion and methane selectivity. In particular, majority of the synthesis products fall into the gasoline and diesel range. This unique product distribution, in turn, has a positive impact on process economics since a milder or no hydrocracker will be required in downstream product processing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cao, CS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 273 EP 284 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000017 ER PT S AU TeGrotenhuis, W Stenkamp, S Twitchell, A AF TeGrotenhuis, W Stenkamp, S Twitchell, A BE Wang, Y Holladay, JD TI Gas-liquid processing in microchannels SO MICROREACTOR TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS INTENSIFICATION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microreactor Technology and Process Intensification held at the 226th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Amer Chem Soc ID TRANSITIONS; FLOW AB Processing gases and liquids together in microchannels naving at least one dimension < 1 nun has unique advantages for rapid heat and mass transfer. One approach for managing the two phases is to use porous structures as wicks within microchannels to segregate the liquid phase from the gas phase. Gas-liquid processing is accomplished by providing a gas flow path and inducing flow of the liquid phase through or along the wick under an induced pressure gradient. A variety of unit operations are enabled, including phase separation, partial condensation, absorption, desorption, and distillation. Results are reported of an investigation of microchannel phase separation in a transparent, single-channel device. Next, heat exchange is integrated with the microchannel wick approach to create a partial condenser that also separates the condensate. Finally, the scale-up to a multi-channel phase separator is described. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP TeGrotenhuis, W (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3923-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 914 BP 360 EP 377 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BDN84 UT WOS:000234536000022 ER PT S AU Lupini, AR Chisholm, MF Varela, M Van Benthem, K Borisevich, AY Peng, Y Sides, WH T Luck, J Pennycook, SJ AF Lupini, A. R. Chisholm, M. F. Varela, M. Van Benthem, K. Borisevich, A. Y. Peng, Y. Sides, W. H. T Luck, J. Pennycook, S. J. BE Cullis, AG Hutchison, JL TI Sub-Angstrom and 3-dimensional STEM for semiconductor research SO Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY APR 11-14, 2005 CL Univ Oxford, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Phys, Elect Microscopy & Anal Grp, Mat Res Soc HO Univ Oxford ID MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; LATTICE AB Electron microscopy has been one of the foremost tools for analysis of semiconducting materials and, in turn, benefits from the processing power provided by faster computers. As semiconductor devices become ever smaller and faster, the shrinking of components means that even single dopant or impurity atoms can significantly affect device performance. Thus the enhanced resolution, sensitivity and new techniques enabled by aberration correction should ensure that this relationship continues. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lupini, AR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Mailstop 6031, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-31914-X J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2005 VL 107 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BEL49 UT WOS:000237833300097 ER PT S AU Smith, SF Bobrek, M Moore, MR Jin, C AF Smith, Stephen F. Bobrek, Miljko Moore, Michael R. Jin, Chen GP IEEE TI Design of an agile radionavigation system using SDR techniques SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB This paper describes the design, development, and hardware prototyping of a frequency-agile, programmable-bandwidth radionavigation system being implemented for the U. S. Army's Operational Test Command to support soldier training and combat systems testing in GPS-denied environments such as dense forest areas and in urban terrain. Employing software-defined radio (SDR) techniques, the system is intended to be highly adaptive in order to rapidly adjust to different testing scenarios by changing its frequencies, coding bandwidths, and channelization as required by the specific application. The fundamental basis for the system is a direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) signal which is launched from multiple widely-spaced, generally terrestrial transmitters. The radiolocating receiver acquires these continuous, overlapping code-division multiple-access (CDMA) transmitted signals, decodes them, and extracts the transmitter locations and times of transmission from data streams embedded in the respective DSSS signals, in a manner analogous to GPS units. The radionavigation solutions are then obtained by solving the usual systems Of nonlinear pseudorange equations by linearization techniques, Kalman filtering, or other means, but with downstream corrections for the spherical-earth geometry and RF propagation factors governing the groundwave signals. However, there are several significant features of this Theater Positioning System (TPS) which differentiate it from GPS, including its operating frequency range (< 30 MHz), fi-equency- and modulation-agile capabilities, propagation modes (principally groundwave), and signal security mechanisms. In addition, the TPS signal structure is specifically designed to provide an effective back-up navigation source to GPS in difficult reception situations and afford maximal rejection of AC power-line noise to improve reception efficiency in urban areas. A final feature of the TPS signals permits wide-area broadcasting of low-rate data for commands, DGPS corrections, status information, and the like. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Smith, SF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1127 EP 1132 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920501072 ER PT S AU Oswald, M Sholander, P McDaniel, B Rohwer, J Kilman, D AF Oswald, Matt Sholander, Peter McDaniel, Brian Rohwer, Judd Kilman, Dominique GP IEEE TI Data exfiltration from sensor networks subject to delay, connectivity and frequency re-use constraints SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB There has been extensive research on clustering techniques, routing protocols, sleep-mode protocols and adaptive power control algorithms for Unattended Ground-based Sensor (UGS) networks. That previous work has mainly focused on energy-efficient operation and improved system lifetimes. This paper instead examines the problem of exfiltrating data from a large, self-forming UGS network via multiple, parallel SATCOM channels subject to the following operational and design constraints. The delay constraints for the bulk-data upload preclude the use of one central exfiltration point, so that a clusterhead based approach is required. However, the available RF spectrum requires the assignment of non-overlapping frequency/time-slot/code assignments to each pair of adjacent clusters. Results are presented based on both graph-theoretic and analytical approaches. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oswald, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1875 EP 1882 PG 8 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920502084 ER PT S AU Depoy, J Phelan, J Sholander, P Smith, B Varnado, GB Wyss, G AF Depoy, J. Phelan, J. Sholander, P. Smith, B. Varnado, G. B. Wyss, G. GP IEEE TI Risk assessment for physical and cyber attacks on critical infrastructures SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Assessing the risk of malevolent attacks against large-scale critical infrastructures requires modifications to existing methodologies. Existing risk assessment methodologies consider physical security and cyber security separately. As such, the do not accurately model attacks that involve defeating both physical protection and cyber protection elements (e.g., hackers turning off alarm systems prior to forced entry). This paper presents a risk assessment methodology that accounts for both physical and cyber security. It also preserves the traditional security paradigm of detect, delay and respond, while accounting for the possibility that a facility may be able to recover from or mitigate the results of a successful attack before serious consequences occur. The methodology provides a means for ranking those assets most at risk from malevolent attacks. Because the methodology is automated the analyst can also play "what if" with mitigation measures to gain a better understanding of how to best expend resources towards securing the facilities. It is simple enough to be applied to large infrastructure facilities without developing highly complicated models. Finally, it is applicable to facilities with extensive security as well as those that are less well-protected. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Depoy, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 1961 EP 1969 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920502097 ER PT S AU Brenkosh, JP Witzke, EL Kellogg, BR Olsberg, RR AF Brenkosh, Joseph P. Witzke, Edward L. Kellogg, Brian R. Olsberg, Ronald R. GP IEEE TI Enhancing network survivability with out of band SO MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2005) CY OCT, 2005 CL Atlantic City, NJ SP IEEE AB Out of Band Networks used for management and control are not new. However, their use can now have significant impact in the area of Homeland Security. This paper presents the advantages of using an Out of Band Network to help ensure network survivability and to decrease the Mean Time To Repair of any network. It then presents a design for an Out of Band Network and gives tips based on the experience gained with such a network at Sandia National Laboratories. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brenkosh, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jpbrenk@sandia.gov; elwitzk@sandia.gov; brkello@sandia.gov; rrolsbe@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-9393-7 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2005 BP 2494 EP 2498 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFL76 UT WOS:000242920503078 ER PT J AU Mattsson, AE Schultz, PA Desjarlais, MP Mattsson, TR Leung, K AF Mattsson, AE Schultz, PA Desjarlais, MP Mattsson, TR Leung, K TI Designing meaningful density functional theory calculations in materials science - a primer SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; MANY-ELECTRON SYSTEMS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BASIS-SET; PSEUDOPOTENTIAL CALCULATIONS; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB Density functional theory (DFT) methods for calculating the quantum mechanical ground states of condensed matter systems are now a common and significant component of materials research. The growing importance of DFT reflects the development of sufficiently accurate functionals, efficient algorithms and continuing improvements in computing capabilities. As the materials problems to which DFT is applied have become large and complex, so have the sets of calculations necessary for investigating a given problem. Highly versatile, powerful codes exist to serve the practitioner, but designing useful simulations is a complicated task, involving intricate manipulation of many variables, with many pitfalls for the unwary and the inexperienced. We discuss several of the most important issues that go into designing a meaningful DFT calculation. We emphasize the necessity of investigating these issues and reporting the critical details. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, ICF Target Design, HEDP Theory, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, ICF Target Design, HEDP Theory, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aematts@sandia.gov; paschul@sandia.gov; mpdesja@sandia.gov; trmatts@sandia.gov; kleung@sandia.gov RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 117 TC 175 Z9 175 U1 7 U2 71 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP R1 EP R31 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/13/1/R01 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 892KT UT WOS:000226650200001 ER PT J AU Angeletti, C Harvey, NR Bossuyt, V Levenson, RM Rimm, DL AF Angeletti, C Harvey, NR Bossuyt, V Levenson, RM Rimm, DL TI Spectral and spatial analysis of thyroid fine needle aspiration specimens using the hybrid genetic algorithm "GENIE" SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 94th Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY FEB 26-MAR 04, 2005 CL San Antonio, TX SP US Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CRI Inc, Woburn, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 18 SU 1 MA 262 BP 59A EP 60A PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 884WR UT WOS:000226117900263 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Limnios, N Keller-McNulty, S Armijo, Y AF Wilson, A. Limnios, N. Keller-McNulty, S. Armijo, Y. BE Wilson, A Limnios, N KellerMcNulty, S Armijo, Y TI Modern Statistical and Mathematical Methods in Reliability PREFACE SO MODERN STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN RELIABILITY SE Series in Quality Reliability and Engineering Statistics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Wilson, A.; Keller-McNulty, S.; Armijo, Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Limnios, N.] Univ Technol Compiegne, F-60206 Compiegne, France. RP Wilson, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-337-8 J9 SER QUAL RELIAB ENG PY 2005 VL 10 BP V EP VI D2 10.1142/9789812703378 PG 2 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BZB87 UT WOS:000301061200001 ER PT J AU Graves, TL Hamada, MS AF Graves, Todd L. Hamada, Michael S. BE Wilson, A Limnios, N KellerMcNulty, S Armijo, Y TI BAYESIAN METHODS FOR ASSESSING SYSTEM RELIABILITY: MODELS AND COMPUTATION SO MODERN STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN RELIABILITY SE Series in Quality Reliability and Engineering Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BINOMIAL SUBSYSTEMS; COMPONENTS AB There are many challenges with assessing the reliability of a system today. These challenges arise because a system may be aging and full system tests may be too expensive or can no longer be performed. Without full system testing, one must integrate (1) all science and engineering knowledge, models and simulations, (2) information and data at various levels of the system, e. g., subsystems and components, and (3) information and data from similar systems, subsystems and components. The analyst must work with various data types and how the data are collected, account for measurement bias and uncertainty, deal with model and simulation uncertainty, and incorporate expert knowledge. Bayesian hierarchical modeling provides a rigorous way to combine information from multiple sources and different types of information. However, an obstacle to applying Bayesian methods is the need to develop new software to analyze novel statistical models. We discuss a new statistical modeling environment, YADAS, that facilitates the development of Bayesian statistical analyses. It includes classes that help analysts specify new models, as well as classes that support the creation of new analysis algorithms. We illustrate these concepts using several examples. C1 [Graves, Todd L.; Hamada, Michael S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Graves, TL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tgraves@lanl.gov; hamada@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-337-8 J9 SER QUAL RELIAB ENG PY 2005 VL 10 BP 41 EP 54 D2 10.1142/9789812703378 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BZB87 UT WOS:000301061200005 ER PT J AU Hengartner, NW AF Hengartner, Nicolas W. BE Wilson, A Limnios, N KellerMcNulty, S Armijo, Y TI DESTRUCTIVE STOCKPILE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENTS: A SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ERRORS IN VARIABLES WITH VALIDATION SAMPLE APPROACH SO MODERN STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN RELIABILITY SE Series in Quality Reliability and Engineering Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This paper extends the methodology of parameter estimation for errors in variables with validation sample to the problem of assessing the reliability of a stockpile from different types of destructive testing. Our contribution is a generalization of the methods introduced by Pepe and Fleming(1) for discrete covariates and surrogate variables to their continuous counterparts. We show that our proposed semiparametric estimator is asymptotically Gaussian and efficient. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hengartner, NW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, MS F600, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nickh@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-337-8 J9 SER QUAL RELIAB ENG PY 2005 VL 10 BP 235 EP 245 D2 10.1142/9789812703378 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BZB87 UT WOS:000301061200018 ER PT J AU Huzurbazar, AV Williams, BJ AF Huzurbazar, Aparna V. Williams, Brian J. BE Wilson, A Limnios, N KellerMcNulty, S Armijo, Y TI FLOWGRAPH MODELS FOR COMPLEX MULTISTATE SYSTEM RELIABILITY SO MODERN STATISTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN RELIABILITY SE Series in Quality Reliability and Engineering Statistics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HISTOGRAM; INFERENCE; FAILURE AB This chapter reviews flowgraph models for complex multistate systems. The focus is on modeling data from semi-Markov processes and constructing likelihoods when different portions of the system data are censored and incomplete. Semi-Markov models play an important role in the analysis of time to event data. However, in practice, data analysis for semi-Markov processes can be quite difficult and many simplifying assumptions are made. Flowgraph models are multistate models that provide a data analytic method for semi-Markov processes. Flowgraphs are useful for estimating Bayes predictive densities, predictive reliability functions, and predictive hazard functions for waiting times of interest in the presence of censored and incomplete data. This chapter reviews data analysis for flowgraph models and then presents methods for constructing likelihoods when portions of the system data are missing. C1 [Huzurbazar, Aparna V.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Williams, Brian J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huzurbazar, AV (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM aparna@stat.unm.edu; brianw@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81270-337-8 J9 SER QUAL RELIAB ENG PY 2005 VL 10 BP 247 EP 262 D2 10.1142/9789812703378 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BZB87 UT WOS:000301061200019 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG Rajic, S Lavrik, NV AF Datskos, PG Rajic, S Lavrik, NV BE Urey, H Dickensheets, DL TI Performance of uncooled microcantilever thermal detectors. SO MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS Display and Imaging Systems III CY JAN 24-25, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE IR detector; thermal detector; focal place array; MEMS; responsivity; NETD; noise; thermal isolation ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; VIBRATION SENSORS; INFRARED DETECTOR; NOISE; RESOLUTION; TECHNOLOGY; ARRAYS; LIMITS AB Bimaterial microcantilevers arranged into focal plane arrays (FPAs) can function as uncooled IR imaging devices. In order to analyze the performance of such devices and compare various FPAs, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of their operation, figures of merit, and fundamental limitations. We give an overview of figures of merit that are applicable to both cooled and uncooled IR detectors. Specific focus of this chapter is a performance analysis for microcantilever IR detectors with an optical readout. We discuss responsivity of microcantilever IR detectors and analyze the different sources (and mechanisms) of noise present in them. A model SiNx microcantilever device with an Al layer in the bimaterial region was fabricated and its performance as an IR detector was analyzed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5695-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5721 BP 136 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.590823 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BCD76 UT WOS:000228764100018 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, K Hirano, S Ishiai, M Morishima, K Kitao, H Namikoshi, K Kimura, M Matsushita, N Arakawa, H Buerstedde, JM Komatsu, K Thompson, LH Takata, M AF Yamamoto, K Hirano, S Ishiai, M Morishima, K Kitao, H Namikoshi, K Kimura, M Matsushita, N Arakawa, H Buerstedde, JM Komatsu, K Thompson, LH Takata, M TI Fanconi anemia protein FANCD2 promotes immunoglobulin gene conversion and DNA repair through a mechanism related to homologous recombination SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CLASS SWITCH RECOMBINATION; DT40 CELL-LINE; VERTEBRATE CELLS; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP; TARGETED DISRUPTION; REDUCED FERTILITY AB Recent studies show overlap between Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins and those involved in DNA repair mediated by homologous recombination (HR). However, the mechanism by which FA proteins affect HR is unclear. FA proteins (FancA/C/E/F/G/L) form a multiprotein complex, which is responsible for DNA damage-induced FancD2 monoubiquitination, a key event for cellular resistance to DNA damage. Here, we show that FANCD2-disrupted DT40 chicken B-cell line is defective in HR-mediated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, as well as gene conversion at the immunoglobulin light-chain locus, an event also mediated by HR. Gene conversions occurring in mutant cells were associated with decreased nontemplated mutations. In contrast to these defects, we also found increased spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and intact Rad51 foci formation after DNA damage. Thus, we propose that FancD2 promotes a subpathway of HR that normally mediates gene conversion by a mechanism that avoids crossing over and hence SCEs. C1 Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, Okayama 7010192, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Ctr Radiat Biol, Dept Genome Repair Dynam, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. GSF, Inst Mol Radiobiol, Munich, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Takata, M (reprint author), Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, 577 Matsushima, Okayama 7010192, Japan. EM mtakata@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA089405, CA 89405] NR 68 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1128/MCB.25.1.34-43.2005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 886NZ UT WOS:000226236900003 PM 15601828 ER PT S AU Bissell, MJ Kenny, PA Radisky, DC AF Bissell, M. J. Kenny, P. A. Radisky, D. C. GP Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press TI Microenvironmental regulators of tissue structure and function also regulate tumor induction and progression: The role of extracellular matrix and its degrading enzymes SO Molecular Approaches to Controlling Cancer SE COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 70th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2005 CL Cold Spring Harbor, NY SP Amgen Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, GlaxoSmithKline, Appl Biosyst, AstraZeneca, Bio Ventures Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev L L C, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Lexicon Genet Inc, Merck Res Labs, New England BioLabs Inc, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Schering Plough Res Inst, Wyeth Genet Inst, ArborGen, Monsanto Co, Affymetrix Inc, Agencourt Biosci, Aviva Syst Biol, EMD Biosci, Illumina, IRx Therapeut Inc, Qiagen, Albert B Sabin Vaccine Inst Inc, Hudson Alpha Inst Biotechnol, Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Biogen ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; CASEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; BREAST-CANCER; NECROSIS-FACTOR; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; TGF-BETA AB It is now widely accepted that elements of the cellular and tissue microenvironment are crucial regulators of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo, and that many of the same factors influence the course of tumor progression. Less well established is the extent to which extracellular factors actually cause cancer, and the circumstances under which this may occur. Using physiologically relevant three-dimensional culture assays and transgenic animals, we have explored how the environmental and architectural context of cells, tissues, and organs controls mammary-specific gene expression, growth regulation, apoptosis, and drug resistance and have found that loss of tissue structure is a prerequisite for cancer progression. Here we summarize this evidence and highlight two of our recent studies. Using mouse mammary epithelial cells, we show that exposure to matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destabilize the genome and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, causing malignant transformation. Using a human breast cancer progression series, we find that ADAM-dependent growth factor shedding plays a crucial role in acquisition of the malignant phenotype. These findings illustrate how normal tissue structure controls the response to extracellular signals so as to preserve tissue specificity and growth status. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Canc Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Canc Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [2 R01 CA064786-09, CA57621, R01 CA057621, R01 CA064786, R01 CA064786-09] NR 132 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 7 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 USA SN 0091-7451 BN 0-87969-773-3 J9 COLD SH Q B PY 2005 VL 70 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.013 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA BEW93 UT WOS:000239915900039 PM 16869771 ER PT J AU Mawuenyega, KG Forst, CV Dobos, KM Belisle, JT Chen, J Bradbury, EM Bradbury, ARM Chen, X AF Mawuenyega, KG Forst, CV Dobos, KM Belisle, JT Chen, J Bradbury, EM Bradbury, ARM Chen, X TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional network analysis by global subcellular protein profiling SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS PROTEINS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CELL-WALL; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPLETE GENOMES; MYCOLIC ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; MIXTURES AB Trends in increased tuberculosis infection and a fatality rate of similar to23% have necessitated the search for alternative biomarkers using newly developed postgenomic approaches. Here we provide a systematic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by directly profiling its gene products. This analysis combines high-throughput proteomics and computational approaches to elucidate the globally expressed complements of the three subcellular compartments (the cell wall, membrane, and cytosol) of Mtb. We report the identifications of 1044 proteins and their corresponding localizations in these compartments. Genome-based computational and metabolic pathways analyses were performed and integrated with proteomics data to reconstruct response networks. From the reconstructed response networks for fatty acid degradation and lipid biosynthesis pathways in Mtb, we identified proteins whose involvements in these pathways were not previously suspected. Furthermore, the subcellular localizations of these expressed proteins provide interesting insights into the compartmentalization of these pathways, which appear to traverse from cell wall to cytoplasm. Results of this large-scale subcellular proteome profile of Mtb have confirmed and validated the computational network hypothesis that functionally related proteins work together in larger organizational structures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mol Microbiol & Immunol Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Immunol & Pathol Lab, Mycobacterua Res Labs, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chen_xian@lanl.gov RI Belisle, John/B-8944-2017; Dobos, Karen/D-1170-2017 OI Belisle, John/0000-0002-2539-2798; Dobos, Karen/0000-0001-7115-8524 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-75320] NR 37 TC 119 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD JAN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 1 BP 396 EP 404 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 882QW UT WOS:000225954400039 PM 15525680 ER PT J AU Gilbert, EP Nelson, A Sutton, D Terrill, N Martin, C Lal, J Lang, E AF Gilbert, EP Nelson, A Sutton, D Terrill, N Martin, C Lal, J Lang, E TI Phase separation in the organic solid state: The influence of quenching protocol in unstable n-alkane blends SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Organic Solid State CY JUL 13-18, 2003 CL Univ New S Wales, Kensington Campus, Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Taylor & Francis Inc, Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem Sci, Org Prohibit Chem Weapons HO Univ New S Wales, Kensington Campus DE DSC; lamellar structures; n-alkane blends; SANS; SAXS ID MICROPHASE SEPARATION; PREDICTION; MIXTURES; CRYSTALS; NUMBER; ATOMS AB Blends of normal alkanes form lamellar structures, when quenched from the melt, in which the separation of the individual chains may be controlled by the chain-length mismatch, molar composition, isotopic substitution and confinement. 2:1 C28H58:C36D74 mixtures have been investigated after subjection to a cooling rate varying over three orders of magnitude and intermediate annealing prior to reaching ambient. Quenching at 100 degrees C/min yields similar behaviour to intermediate annealing between the pure components' melting points. Slow cooling at 0.1 degrees C/min generates significantly greater ordering and behaviour comparable to that obtained from annealing mid-way between the mixing transition and the C28H58 melting point. C1 Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Rutherford Appleton Lab, DIAMOND Synchrotron, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Source, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gilbert, EP (reprint author), Bragg Inst, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM epg@ansto.gov.au RI Gilbert, Elliot/A-5566-2010; Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012 OI Gilbert, Elliot/0000-0001-6413-7813; Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2005 VL 440 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1080/15421400590957882 PG 17 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 956OJ UT WOS:000231309400010 ER PT J AU Sousa, ME Chan, C Jian, KQ Gao, YM Hurt, RH Crawford, GP Yang, N AF Sousa, ME Chan, C Jian, KQ Gao, YM Hurt, RH Crawford, GP Yang, N TI Novel carbon nanotubes based on disk-rod assemblies of lyotropic liquid crystals SO MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Biennial International Liquid Crystal Conference CY JUL 04-09, 2004 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP Int Liquid Crystal Soc DE liquid crystal; lyotropic; nanotubes ID FIELD-EMISSION; FILM; NANOFIBERS; MESOPHASE; GROWTH AB We have fabricated carbon nanofibers and nanotubes using disk-rod assemblies of lyotropic liquid crystals in which the orientation of graphene layers can be manipulated using surface anchoring techniques common to liquid crystal displays. The bulk material properties of the carbon can be engineered by the spatial arrangement of the graphene layers due to their anisotropic nature. We have also demonstrated a method to pattern arrays of nanotubes using an automated printing technique. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Crawford, GP (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Box D, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM gregory_crawford@brown.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1542-1406 J9 MOL CRYST LIQ CRYST JI Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. PY 2005 VL 435 BP 767 EP 776 DI 10.1080/15421400590955389 PG 10 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 947MX UT WOS:000230651400010 ER PT S AU Glenn, TC Schable, NA AF Glenn, TC Schable, NA BE Zimmer, EA Roalson, EH TI Isolating microsatellite DNA loci SO MOLECULAR EVOLUTION: PRODUCING THE BIOCHEMICAL DATA, PART B SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HYBRIDIZATION SELECTION; DIRECT CLONING; PCR PRODUCTS; CONSTRUCTION; SEQUENCES; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION; VECTORS; MARKERS; GENOME AB A series of techniques are presented to construct genomic DNA libraries highly enriched for microsatellite DNA loci. The individual techniques used here derive from several published protocols but have been optimized and tested in our research laboratories as well as in classroom settings at the University of South Carolina and University of Georgia, with students achieving nearly 100% success. Reducing the number of manipulations involved has been a key to success, decreasing both the failure rate and the time necessary to isolate loci of interest. In our lab during the past 3 years alone, these protocols have been successfully used to isolate microsatellite DNA loci from at least 55 species representing three kingdoms. These protocols have made it possible to reduce the time to identify candidate loci for primer development from most eukaryotic species to as little as 1 week. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. Univ S Carolina, Coker Life Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Glenn, TC (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 24 TC 649 Z9 659 U1 8 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182800-X J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2005 VL 395 BP 202 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)95013-1 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCM61 UT WOS:000230001100013 PM 15865969 ER PT S AU Boore, JL Macey, JR Medina, M AF Boore, JL Macey, JR Medina, M BE Zimmer, EA Roalson, EH TI Sequencing and comparing whole mitochondrial genomes of animals SO MOLECULAR EVOLUTION: PRODUCING THE BIOCHEMICAL DATA, PART B SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID TRANSFER-RNA GENES; ROLLING-CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS; ORGANELLAR GENOMES; TESTING HYPOTHESES AB Comparing complete animal mitochondrial genome sequences is becoming increasingly common for phylogenetic reconstruction and as a model for genome evolution. Not only are they much more informative than shorter sequences of individual genes for inferring evolutionary relatedness, but these data also provide sets of genome-level characters, such as the relative arrangements of genes, which can be especially powerful. We describe here the protocols commonly used for physically isolating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), for amplifying these by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or rolling circle amplification (RCA), for cloning, sequencing, assembly, validation, and gene annotation, and for comparing both sequences and gene arrangements. On several topics, we offer general observations based on our experiences with determining and comparing complete mitochondrial DNA sequences. C1 Energy Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Boore, JL (reprint author), Energy Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 126 TC 112 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182800-X J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2005 VL 395 BP 311 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)95019-2 PG 38 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCM61 UT WOS:000230001100019 PM 15865975 ER PT S AU Jansen, RK Raubeson, LA Boore, JL DePamphilis, CW Chumley, TW Haberle, RC Wyman, SK Alverson, AJ Peery, R Herman, SJ Fourcade, HM Kuehl, JV McNeal, JR Leebens-Mack, J Cui, L AF Jansen, RK Raubeson, LA Boore, JL DePamphilis, CW Chumley, TW Haberle, RC Wyman, SK Alverson, AJ Peery, R Herman, SJ Fourcade, HM Kuehl, JV McNeal, JR Leebens-Mack, J Cui, L BE Zimmer, EA Roalson, EH TI Methods for obtaining and analyzing whole chloroplast genome sequences SO MOLECULAR EVOLUTION: PRODUCING THE BIOCHEMICAL DATA, PART B SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANCIENT EVOLUTIONARY SPLIT; BASAL ANGIOSPERM; MULTIPLE INVERSIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DISPERSED REPEATS; GENE ORGANIZATION; INVERTED REPEATS; LAND PLANTS; ATT-LAMBDA AB During the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in our understanding of plastid genome organization and evolution due to the availability of many new completely sequenced genomes. There are 45 complete genomes published and ongoing projects are likely to increase this sampling to nearly 200 genomes during the next 5 years. Several groups of researchers including ours have been developing new techniques for gathering and analyzing entire plastid genome sequences and details of these developments are summarized in this chapter. The most important developments that enhance our ability to generate whole chloroplast genome sequences involve the generation of pure fractions of chloroplast genomes by whole genome amplification using rolling circle amplification, cloning genomes into Fosmid or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors, and the development of an organellar annotation program (Dual Organellar GenoMe Annotator [DOGMA]). In addition to providing details of these methods, we provide an overview of methods for analyzing complete plastid genome sequences for repeats and gene content, as well as approaches for using gene order and sequence data for phylogeny reconstruction. This explosive increase in the number of sequenced plastid genomes and improved computational tools will provide many insights into the evolution of these genomes and much new data for assessing relationships at deep nodes in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. C1 Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98923 USA. Energy Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Cent Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98923 USA. RP Jansen, RK (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Jansen, Robert/F-6272-2011; dePamphilis, Claude/P-6652-2016; OI Alverson, Andrew/0000-0003-1241-2654 NR 84 TC 142 Z9 151 U1 9 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182800-X J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2005 VL 395 BP 348 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)95020-9 PG 37 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCM61 UT WOS:000230001100020 PM 15865976 ER PT S AU Sawyer, RH Glenn, TC French, JO Knapp, LW AF Sawyer, RH Glenn, TC French, JO Knapp, LW BE Zimmer, EA Roalson, EH TI Developing antibodies to synthetic peptides based on comparative DNA sequencing of multigene families SO MOLECULAR EVOLUTION: PRODUCING THE BIOCHEMICAL DATA, PART B SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BETA BETA KERATINS; AVIAN SCUTATE SCALES; DIRECT CLONING; PCR PRODUCTS; EXPRESSION; GENES; EPIDERMIS; CHICK; DIFFERENTIATION; KERATINIZATION AB Using antisera to analyze the expression of specific gene products is a common procedure. However, in multigene families, such as the,beta-keratins of the avian integument where strong homology exists among the scale (Sc beta K), claw (Cl beta K), feather (F beta K), and feather-like (Fl beta K) subfamilies, determining the cellular and tissue expression patterns of the subfamilies is difficult because polyclonal antisera produced from any one protein recognize all family members. Traditionally, researchers produced and screened multiple monoclonal antisera produced from the proteins of interest until an antiserum with sufficient specificity could be obtained. Unfortunately, this approach requires a lot of effort, and once obtained, such antisera may have limited applications. Here, we present procedures by which comparative DNA sequences of members from the beta-keratin multigene family were translated and aligned to identify amino acid domains that were conserved within the F beta K subfamily, but which were divergent from the other subfamilies. A synthetic 23-mer peptide with the conserved amino acid sequence was generated and used to produce a polyclonal antiserum that recognizes only the F beta K subfamily of proteins. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy with this antiserum are now providing valuable new insights concerning the developmental and evolutionary relationships between the scale, claw, and feather proteins found in birds. This represents a powerful new approach combining techniques from molecular evolution and developmental biology to study the expression and evolution of specific members of multigene families. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Sawyer, RH (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182800-X J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2005 VL 395 BP 636 EP 652 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)95033-7 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCM61 UT WOS:000230001100033 PM 15865988 ER PT J AU DiChristina, TJ Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM AF DiChristina, TJ Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM TI Enzymology of electron transport: Energy generation with geochemical consequences SO MOLECULAR GEOMICROBIOLOGY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS MR-1; DISSIMILATORY IRON REDUCTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; DESULFURICANS STRAIN G20; INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP DiChristina, TJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Environ Sci Technol Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Thomas.Dichristina@biology.gatech.edu; Jim.Fredrickson@pnl.gov; John.Zachara@pnl.gov NR 145 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 28 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2005 VL 59 BP 27 EP 52 DI 10.2138/rmg.2005.59.3 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Microbiology; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Microbiology; Mineralogy GA BDN16 UT WOS:000234416200003 ER PT S AU Gilbert, B Banfield, JF AF Gilbert, B Banfield, JF BE Banfield, JE CerviniSilva, J Nealson, KH TI Molecular-scale processes involving nanoparticulate minerals in biogeochemical systems SO MOLECULAR GEOMICROBIOLOGY SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE TRANSFORMATION; SMALL SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTALLITES; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DISSIMILATORY IRON REDUCTION; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES; TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; RIVER SUPERFUND COMPLEX C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bgilbert@lbl.gov; jill@eps.berkeley.edu RI Gilbert, Benjamin/E-3182-2010 NR 269 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 51 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2005 VL 59 BP 109 EP 155 DI 10.2138/rmg.2005.59.6 PG 47 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Microbiology; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Microbiology; Mineralogy GA BDN16 UT WOS:000234416200006 ER PT J AU Raymond, J AF Raymond, J TI The evolution of biological carbon and nitrogen cycling - a genomic perspective SO MOLECULAR GEOMICROBIOLOGY SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY & GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID AUTOTROPHIC CO2 FIXATION; TRICARBOXYLIC-ACID CYCLE; SYNTHETASE GENE EVOLUTION; GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIUM; PRECAMBRIAN CHERTS; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; ACETYL-COENZYME; ASSIMILATION; MONOXIDE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Div, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Raymond, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Microbial Syst Div, Biosci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jason.raymond@llnl.gov NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMERICA PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM PY 2005 VL 59 BP 211 EP 231 DI 10.2138/rmg.2005.59.9 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Microbiology; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Microbiology; Mineralogy GA BDN16 UT WOS:000234416200009 ER PT J AU Thanassi, DG Stathopoulos, C Karkal, A Li, HL AF Thanassi, DG Stathopoulos, C Karkal, A Li, HL TI Protein secretion in the absence of ATP: the autotransporter, two-partner secretion and chaperone/usher pathways of Gram-negative bacteria (Review) SO MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE autotransporter; two-partner secretion; chaperone/usher; bacterial outer membrane; protein secretion ID PERTUSSIS FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; INFLUENZAE HIA AUTOTRANSPORTER; UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DRIVES FIBER FORMATION; OUTER-MEMBRANE; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; PILUS BIOGENESIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; YERSINIA-PESTIS AB Bacteria secrete a wide variety of proteins, many of which play important roles in virulence. In Gram-negative bacteria, these proteins must cross the cytoplasmic or inner membrane, periplasm, and outer membrane to reach the cell surface. Gram-negative bacteria have evolved multiple pathways to allow protein secretion across their complex envelope. ATP is not available in the periplasm and many of these secretion pathways encode components that harness energy available at the inner membrane to drive secretion across the outer membrane. In contrast, the autotransporter, two-partner secretion and chaperone/usher pathways are comparatively simple systems that allow secretion across the outer membrane without the need for input of energy from the inner membrane. This review will present overviews of these 'self-sufficient' pathways, focusing on recent advances and secretion mechanisms. Similarities among the pathways and with other protein translocation mechanisms will be highlighted. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thanassi, DG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Infect Dis 242, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM David.Thanassi@stonybrook.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI0555621]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62987] NR 83 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0968-7688 J9 MOL MEMBR BIOL JI Mol. Membr. Biol. PD JAN-APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1080/09687860500063290 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 921ZS UT WOS:000228805500007 PM 16092525 ER PT J AU Reumann, S Inoue, K Keegstra, K AF Reumann, S Inoue, K Keegstra, K TI Evolution of the general protein import pathway of plastids (Review) SO MOLECULAR MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cyanobacteria; endosymbiosis; plastids; protein transport; red alga ID INNER ENVELOPE MEMBRANE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; CHLOROPLASTIC PROTEIN; CHANNEL TOC75; TRANSIT PEPTIDES; GENOME SEQUENCE; TRANSLOCATION; MITOCHONDRIAL AB The evolutionary process that transformed a cyanobacterial endosymbiont into contemporary plastids involved not only inheritance but also invention. Because Gram-negative bacteria lack a system for polypeptide import, the envelope translocon complex of the general protein import pathway was the most important invention of organelle evolution resulting in a pathway to import back into plastids those nuclear-encoded proteins supplemented with a transit peptide. Genome information of cyanobacteria, phylogenetically diverse plastids, and the nuclei of the first red alga, a diatom, and Arabidopsis thaliana allows us to trace back the evolutionary origin of the twelve currently known translocon components and to partly deduce their assembly sequence. Development of the envelope translocon was initiated by recruitment of a cyanobacterial homolog of the protein-import channel Toc75, which belongs to a ubiquitous and essential family of Omp85/D15 outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria that mediate biogenesis of beta-barrel proteins. Likewise, three other translocon subunits (Tic20, Tic22, and Tic55) and several stromal chaperones have been inherited from the ancestral cyanobacterium and modified to take over the novel function of precursor import. Most of the remaining subunits seem to be of eukaryotic origin, recruited from pre-existing nuclear genes. The next subunits that joined the evolving protein import complex likely were Toc34 and Tic110, as indicated by the presence of homologous genes in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, followed by the stromal processing peptidase, members of the Toc159 receptor family, Toc64, Tic40, and finally some regulatory redox components (Tic62, Tic32), all of which were probably required to increase specificity and efficiency of precursor import. C1 Univ Gottingen, Dept Plant Biochem, Albrecht Von Haller Inst Plant Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Reumann, S (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Plant Biochem, Albrecht Von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Justus Von Liebig Weg 11, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM sreuman@gwdg.de NR 75 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 19 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0968-7688 J9 MOL MEMBR BIOL JI Mol. Membr. Biol. PD JAN-APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP U20 DI 10.1080/09687860500041916 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 921ZS UT WOS:000228805500008 PM 16092526 ER PT J AU Darwin, KH Lin, G Chen, ZQ Li, HL Nathan, CF AF Darwin, KH Lin, G Chen, ZQ Li, HL Nathan, CF TI Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasomal ATPase homologue SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALOSIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN; SELF-COMPARTMENTALIZING PROTEASE; AAA-ATPASE; 20S PROTEASOME; NITRIC-OXIDE; RHODOCOCCUS-ERYTHROPOLIS; REGULATORY PARTICLE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEGRADATION; RECOGNITION AB A screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mutants sensitive to reactive nitrogen intermediates identified transposon insertions in the presumptive proteasomal ATPase gene mpa (mycobacterium proteasome ATPase; Rv2115c). mpa mutants are attenuated in both wild type and nitric oxide synthase 2 deficient mice. In this work, we show that attenuation of mpa mutants is severe, and that Mpa is an ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA) ATPase that forms hexameric rings resembling the eukaryotic complex p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP). Point mutations in the conserved Walker box ATPase motifs of Mpa greatly reduced or abolished ATPase activity in vitro and abrogated protection of Mtb against acidified nitrite. A mutant Mpa protein missing only its last two amino acids retained ATPase activity, yet failed to protect Mtb against nitrite. The corresponding strain was attenuated in mice. Thus, Mpa is an ATPase whose enzymatic activity is necessary but not sufficient to protect against reactive nitrogen intermediates. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Darwin, KH (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM heran.darwin@med.nyu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI56293, R01 AI070285, T32 AIO7621] NR 51 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 2 BP 561 EP 571 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04403.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 889CQ UT WOS:000226421500018 PM 15659170 ER PT J AU Kwon, YJ Standley, SM Goodwin, AP Gillies, ER Frechet, JMJ AF Kwon, Young Jik Standley, Stephany M. Goodwin, Andrew P. Gillies, Elizabeth R. Frechet, Jean M. J. TI Directed antigen presentation using polymeric microparticulate carriers degradable at lysosomal pH for controlled immune responses SO MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE microparticle; acetal cross-linker and monomer; CTL activation; antigen presentation; controlled immune response; cancer vaccine AB The types of the immune responses generated against an antigen are determined by the intracellular fate of the antigen. Endogenous antigens are processed in the cytoplasm and initiate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. In contrast, exogenous antigens are degraded in the lysosome (or phagolysosome) of antigen presenting cells (APCs), and induce antibody-mediated immune responses and assist CTL activation. Therefore, maximizing a desired response by controlling delivery pathways is indispensable in vaccine development and immunotherapy. New cleavable microparticles have been prepared for use as protein-based vaccine carriers by polymerizing water soluble monomers including a newly developed aliphatic monomer with a pendant primary amine group and a cleavable acetal linkage with a wholly aliphatic cleavable acetal cross-linker. Incorporation of the cleavable amine monomer in the polymerization mixture increased the encapsulation efficiency of a model antigen, ovalbumin. Ex vivo assays showed that the composition of the particles greatly affected the magnitude and the pathway of antigen presentations, which determine the type of immune responses. The degradable particles synthesized with the new cross-linker enhanced MHC I antigen presentation 2-3-fold over nondegradable particles. It was also found that, by adding 10% cationic cleavable monomers to the microparticles, MHC I restricted antigen presentation was enhanced ca. 75 times over that achieved with nondegradable particles. The microparticles introduced in this study can be further used for targeting and gene delivery due to functionalizable and cleavable cationic monomers in addition to degradability. C1 [Kwon, Young Jik; Standley, Stephany M.; Goodwin, Andrew P.; Gillies, Elizabeth R.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Standley, Stephany M.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 718 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Gillies, Elizabeth/E-4333-2015; OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU National Institutes of Health [RO1EB002047]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant RO1EB002047) and, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC03-76SF00098). NR 34 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1543-8384 J9 MOL PHARMACEUT JI Mol. Pharm. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 2 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1021/mp0498953 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V52JA UT WOS:000203538600011 PM 15804181 ER PT J AU Li, YM Miller, WH AF Li, YM Miller, WH TI Different time slices for different degrees of freedom in Feynman path integration SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INSTANTON APPROXIMATION; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; MONTE-CARLO; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDRATED ELECTRON; SIMULATION; CLUSTERS; HYDROGEN; BEHAVIOR; HELIUM AB A general scheme is presented for using different numbers of 'time slices' for different degrees of freedom in a path integral evaluation of the Boltzmann operator for a large molecular system. This will be particularly useful, for example, in evaluating the 'quantum instanton' rate constant [cf. W. H. Miller, Y. Zhao, M. Ceotto, S. Yang. J. Chem. Phys., 119, 1329 ( 2003)] for H atom transfer reactions, or any applications involving atoms with largely differing masses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MILLER@CCHEM.BERKELEY.EDU RI Li, Yimin/F-5817-2012; Li, Yimin/F-5821-2012 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2-3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1080/00268970512331316193 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 886WR UT WOS:000226264200007 ER PT J AU Smith, DMA Dupuis, M Straatsma, TP AF Smith, DMA Dupuis, M Straatsma, TP TI Multiplet splittings and other properties from density functional theory: an assessment in iron-porphyrin systems SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOSSBAUER QUADRUPOLE SPLITTINGS; AXIAL LIGAND ORIENTATION; HIGH-SPIN; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HEME-PROTEINS; MODEL SYSTEMS; COMPLEXES; STATE; NMR; BIS(TETRAHYDROFURAN) AB In transition metal compounds with spin states close in energy, the magnitude and sign of the energy splitting calculated with density functional theory depends strongly on the functional used. Therefore we must turn to additional criteria to assess the level of accuracy and reliability of predictions based on this level of theory. We report optimized geometries, total energies, and Mossbauer quadrupole splitting values for low-spin and high-spin, ferric and ferrous model hemes using a variety of gradient-corrected and hybrid functionals. In one model, the iron-porphyrin is axially ligated by two strong-field imidazole ligands [FeP(Im)(2)] and has a low-spin ground state. In the other model complex the axial ligands are two weak. field, water molecules [FeP(H2O)(2)], and have a high-spin ground state. Among all the functionals used (UHF, B3LYP, B3LYP*, BLYP, half-and-half, LSDA), the B3LYP hybrid functional most consistently reproduced the experimental geometry, Mossbauer, and spin state data for the two model hemes. Simply gradient-corrected functionals exhibit strong biases towards low spin states, while Hartree-Fock favours strongly high spin states. These findings suggest that for systems with similar characteristics of several accessible electronic spin configurations, it is imperative to include properties other than just the energy in the assessment of the DFT predictions. C1 Whitman Coll, Dept Phys, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, DMA (reprint author), Whitman Coll, Dept Phys, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM smithdm@whitman.edu NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2-3 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1080/00268970512331317309 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 886WR UT WOS:000226264200015 ER PT J AU Yanai, T Harrison, RJ Handy, NC AF Yanai, T Harrison, RJ Handy, NC TI Multiresolution quantum chemistry in multiwavelet bases: time-dependent density functional theory with asymptotically corrected potentials in local density and generalized gradient approximations SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; EXCITED-STATES; HARTREE-FOCK; EXCHANGE; BENZENE; BORON; NEON AB A multiresolution solver for fully numerical linear response calculations of excitation states via the time-dependent Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (TD-HF/DFT) is presented. The linear response method Yanai et al. previously reported [J. Chem. Phys., submitted] was limited to the Tamm-Dancoff approximation and could only use the Hartree-Fock exchange and the local-spin density approximation (LSDA) with a crude asymptotic correction. The present development enables us to perform full TD-HF/DFT calculations employing generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange-correlation potentials as well as hybrid ones. The linear response of TD-HF/DFT is computed by means of iteratively solving the coupled integral equations with the Green's functions. In this study, Tozer and Handy's asymptotic correction (AC) is applied to existing DFT exchange-correlations, and is found numerically stable and efficient. Furthermore, the new hybrid exchange-correlation functional CAM-B3LYP, which was recently proposed by Yanai et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 393, 51 (2004)], is implemented. The implementation requires a new separated representation of the integral kernel for the Coulomb-attenuated potential. We demonstrate linear response calculations free of basis set error for the excited states of Be, N-2, C2H4 and C6H6 using LSDA, HCTH, CAM-B3LYP and PBE0 exchange-correlation functionals. The mean absolute errors of the C6H6 calculations with HCTH and CAM-B3LYP are 0.12 and 0.18 eV, respectively. The second derivative of exchange-correlation functionals is represented fully numerically at O(N) computation cost. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Yanai, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008 MS6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yanait@ornl.gov; harrisonrj@ornl.gov NR 29 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2-3 BP 413 EP 424 DI 10.1080/00268970412331319236 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 886WR UT WOS:000226264200026 ER PT J AU Wild, V Peacock, JA Lahav, O Conway, E Maddox, S Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Colless, M Collins, C Couch, W Dalton, G De Propris, R Driver, SP Efstathiou, G Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Glazebrook, K Jackson, C Lewis, I Lumsden, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K AF Wild, V Peacock, JA Lahav, O Conway, E Maddox, S Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Colless, M Collins, C Couch, W Dalton, G De Propris, R Driver, SP Efstathiou, G Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Glazebrook, K Jackson, C Lewis, I Lumsden, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K CA 2dGFRS Team TI The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: stochastic relative biasing between galaxy populations SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : statistical; surveys; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of Universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 3-DIMENSIONAL POWER SPECTRUM; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; COLD DARK-MATTER; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; LOGNORMAL MODEL; IRAS GALAXIES AB It is well known that the clustering of galaxies depends on galaxy type. Such relative bias complicates the inference of cosmological parameters from galaxy redshift surveys, and is a challenge to theories of galaxy formation and evolution. In this paper we perform a joint counts-in-cells analysis on galaxies in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, classified by both colour and spectral type, eta, as early- or late-type galaxies. We fit three different models of relative bias to the joint probability distribution of the cell counts, assuming Poisson sampling of the galaxy density field. We investigate the non-linearity and stochasticity of the relative bias, with cubic cells of side 10 less than or equal toLless than or equal to 45 Mpc (h= 0.7). Exact linear bias is ruled out with high significance on all scales. Power-law bias gives a better fit, but likelihood ratios prefer a bivariate lognormal distribution, with a non-zero 'stochasticity', i.e. scatter that may result from physical effects on galaxy formation other than those from the local density field. Using this model, we measure a correlation coefficient in log-density space (r(LN)) of 0.958 for cells of length L= 10 Mpc, increasing to 0.970 by L= 45 Mpc. This corresponds to a stochasticity sigma(b)/(b) over cap of 0.44 +/- 0.02 and 0.27 +/- 0.05, respectively. For smaller cells, the Poisson-sampled lognormal distribution presents an increasingly poor fit to the data, especially with regard to the fraction of completely empty cells. We compare these trends with the predictions of semi-analytic galaxy formation models: these match the data well in terms of the overall level of stochasticity, variation with scale and the fraction of empty cells. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2111, Australia. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead L14 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ New S Wales, Dept Astrophys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91025 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21118 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Phys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH Honggerberg, ETHZ, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Astrophys Grp, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Wild, V (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM vw@ast.cam.ac.uk RI Baugh, Carlton/A-8482-2012; Jackson, Carole/K-1648-2013; Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Baugh, Carlton/0000-0002-9935-9755; Jackson, Carole/0000-0002-7089-8827; Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Maddox, Stephen/0000-0001-5549-195X; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075 NR 90 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 356 IS 1 BP 247 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08447.x PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 879WG UT WOS:000225749300022 ER PT J AU Sumi, T Wozniak, PR Eyer, L Dobrzycki, A Udalski, A Szymanski, MK Kubiak, M Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Zebrun, K Szewczyk, O Wyrzykowski, L AF Sumi, T Wozniak, PR Eyer, L Dobrzycki, A Udalski, A Szymanski, MK Kubiak, M Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Zebrun, K Szewczyk, O Wyrzykowski, L TI Variability-selected QSO candidates in OGLE-II Galactic bulge fields SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : variables : other; Galaxy : bulge; Galaxy : centre; quasars : general ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; VARIABLE-STARS; PROPER MOTIONS; MACHO PROJECT; QUASARS; CATALOG; SUBTRACTION; OBJECTS AB We present 97 QSO candidates in 48 Galactic bulge fields of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment II (OGLE-II) covering similar to11 deg(2), which are selected via their variability. We extend light curves of variable objects which were detected in a 3-yr baseline in the OGLE-II variable star catalogue to fourth year. We search for objects that are faint (16 < I(0) < 18.5) and slowly variable over 4 yr in this catalogue by using the variogram/structure function. Finding the QSOs in such stellar-crowded and high extinction fields is challenging, but should be useful for the astrometric reference frame. Spectroscopic follow-up observations are required to confirm these QSO candidates. Follow-up observations are being prepared for four of these fields (BUL_SC1, 2, 32 and 45). Follow-up observations for other fields are strongly encouraged. The complete list and light curves of all 97 candidates are available in electronic format at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/sumi/QSO-OGLEII/. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. RP Sumi, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sumi@astro.princeton.edu; wozniak@lanl.gov; laurent.eyer@obs.unige.ch; adam.dobrzycki@eso.org; udalski@astrouw.edu.pl; msz@astrouw.edu.pl; mk@astrouw.edu.pl; pietrzyn@astrouw.edu.pl; soszynsk@astrouw.edu.pl; zebrun@astrouw.edu.pl; szewczyk@astrouw.edu.pl; wyrzykow@astrouw.edu.pl NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 356 IS 1 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08453.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 879WG UT WOS:000225749300027 ER PT J AU Gu, Z Du, L Edgar, JH Payzant, EA Walker, L Liu, R Engelhard, MH AF Gu, Z Du, L Edgar, JH Payzant, EA Walker, L Liu, R Engelhard, MH TI Aluminum nitride-silicon carbide alloy crystals grown on SiC substrates by sublimation SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTIONS; EPITAXY; FILMS AB AlN-SiC alloy crystals, with a thickness greater than 500 mu m, were grown on 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates from a mixture of AlN and SiC powders by the sublimation-recondensation method at 1860-1990 degrees C. On-axis SiC substrates produced a rough surface covered with hexagonal grains, while 6H- and 4H- off-axis SiC substrates with different miscut angles ( 8 or 3.68 degrees) formed a relatively smooth surface with terraces and steps. The substrate misorientation ensured that the AlN-SiC alloy crystals grew two dimensionally as identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Xray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the AlN-SiC alloys had the wurtzite structure. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the resultant alloy crystals had non-stoichiometric ratios of Al: N and Si: C and a uniform composition throughout the alloy crystal from the interface to the surface. The composition ratio of Al: Si of the alloy crystals changed with the growth temperature, and differed from the original source composition, which was consistent with the results predicted by thermodynamic calculation of the solid-vapor distribution of each element. XPS detected the bonding between Si-C, Si- N, Si-O for the Si 2p spectra. The dislocation density decreased with the growth, which was lower than 10(6) cm(-2) at the alloy surface, more than two orders of magnitude lower compared to regions close to the crystal/substrate interface, as determined by TEM. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gu, Z (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 5 AR 5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 001QX UT WOS:000234552500001 ER PT S AU North, MJ Hood, CS AF North, MJ Hood, CS BE Davidsson, P Logan, B Takadama, K TI Users matter: A multi-agent systems model of high performance computing cluster users SO MULTI-AGENT AND MULTI-AGENT-BASED SIMULATION SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Workshop on Multi-Agent and Multi-Agent-Based Simulation CY JUL 19, 2004 CL New York, NY ID MYRINET AB High performance computing clusters have been a critical resource for computational science for over a decade and have more recently become integral to large-scale industrial analysis. Despite their well-specified components, the aggregate behavior of clusters is poorly understood. The difficulties arise from complicated interactions between cluster components during operation. These interactions have been studied by many researchers, some of whom have identified the need for holistic multi-scale modeling that simultaneously includes network level, operating system level, process level, and user level behaviors. Each of these levels presents its own modeling challenges, but the user level is the most complex due to the adaptability of human beings. In this vein, there are several major user modeling goals, namely descriptive modeling, predictive modeling and automated weakness discovery. This study shows how multi-agent techniques were used to simulate a large-scale computing cluster at each of these levels. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM north@anl.gov; hood@iit.edu NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25262-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3415 BP 99 EP 113 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCF14 UT WOS:000229000500009 ER PT S AU Bell, B Feiner, S Hollerer, T AF Bell, B. Feiner, S. Hoellerer, T. BE Stock, O Zancanaro, M TI MAINTAINING VISIBILITY CONSTRAINTS FOR VIEW MANAGEMENT IN 3D USER INTERFACES SO MULTIMODAL INTELLIGENT INFORMATION PRESENTATION SE Text Speech and Language Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUGMENTED REALITY C1 [Bell, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Feiner, S.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Hoellerer, T.] Univ Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany. RP Bell, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-291X BN 978-1-4020-3051-2 J9 TEXT SPEECH LANG TEC PY 2005 VL 27 BP 255 EP 277 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3051-7 PG 23 WC Language & Linguistics SC Linguistics GA BLJ26 UT WOS:000270299900017 ER PT J AU Horvath, IT Schneider, S Tzschucke, CC Bannwarth, W Hope, EG Stuart, AM Monflier, E Mortreux, A Castanet, Y Pozzi, G Quici, S Vincent, JM Lastecoueres, D Contel, M Laguna, M Fish, RH Sinou, D Takeuchi, S Nakamura, Y Ishihara, K Yamamoto, H AF Horvath, Istvan T. Schneider, Siegfried Tzschucke, Carl Christoph Bannwarth, Willi Hope, Eric G. Stuart, Alison M. Monflier, Eric Mortreux, Andre Castanet, Yves Pozzi, Gianluca Quici, Silvio Vincent, Jean-Marc Lastecoueres, Dominique Contel, Maria Laguna, Mariano Fish, Richard H. Sinou, Denis Takeuchi, Seiji Nakamura, Yutaka Ishihara, Kazuaki Yamamoto, Hisashi BE Cornils, B Herrmann, WA Horvath, IT Leitner, W Mecking, S OlivierBourbigou, H Vogt, D TI Fluorous Catalysis SO MULTIPHASE HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ASYMMETRIC ALLYLIC ALKYLATION; FLUOROCARBON/HYDROCARBON BIPHASIC MEDIUM; LIQUID/SOLID PHASE-SEPARATION; HYDROGEN-TRANSFER REDUCTION; TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS; BRONSTED ACID CATALYST; PERFLUORINATED SOLVENTS; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; IONIC LIQUID C1 [Horvath, Istvan T.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. [Hope, Eric G.; Stuart, Alison M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Ishihara, Kazuaki] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Contel, Maria; Laguna, Mariano] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Vincent, Jean-Marc; Lastecoueres, Dominique] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5802, F-33405 Talence, France. [Monflier, Eric] Univ Artois, Fac Sci J Perrin, F-62307 Lens, France. [Pozzi, Gianluca] CNR, Inst Sci Tecnol Mol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Quici, Silvio] CNR, Ist ISTM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Castanet, Yves] Univ Lille, ENSCL, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Takeuchi, Seiji; Nakamura, Yutaka] Niigata Univ Pharm & Appl Life Sci, Fac Appl Life Sci, Dept Biomol Sci, Niigata 9568603, Japan. [Schneider, Siegfried] ALTANA Pharma AG, D-78467 Constance, Germany. [Sinou, Denis] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Tzschucke, Carl Christoph; Bannwarth, Willi] Univ Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Yamamoto, Hisashi] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Fish, Richard H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Horvath, IT (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Pazmany Peter Setany 1-A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. EM istvan.t.horvath@hit-team.net; siegfried.schneider@altanapharma.com; willi.bannwart@organik.chemie.uni-freiburg.de; egh1@leicester.ac.uk; amc17@leicester.ac.uk; monflier@univ-artois.fr; andre.mortreux@enac-lille.fr; yves.castanet@ensc-lille.fr; gianluca.pozzi@istm.cnr.it; silvio.quici@unimi.it; jm.vincent@lcoo.u-bordeaux.fr; d.lastecoueres@lcoo.u-bordeaux1.fr; mcontel@posta.unizar.es; mlaguna@posta.unizar.es; rhfish@lbl.gov; sinou@univ-lyon.fr; takeuchi@niigata-pharm.ac.jp; ishihara@cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp; yamamoto@uchicago.edu NR 202 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-3-527-61959-7 PY 2005 BP 339 EP 403 D2 10.1002/9783527619597 PG 65 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BYF70 UT WOS:000298410700005 ER PT S AU Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP AF Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP BE Oza, NC Polikar, R Kittler, J Roli, F TI Ensembles of classifiers from spatially disjoint data SO MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Intenational Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems CY JUN 13-15, 2005 CL Seaside, CA SP NASA Ames Res Ctr, Intelligent Syst Div, Rowan Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Puresence Environm, Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, IAPR Tech Comm TC1 AB We describe an ensemble learning approach that accurately learns from data that has been partitioned according to the arbitrary spatial requirements of a large-scale simulation wherein classifiers may be trained only on the data local to a given partition. As a result, the class statistics can vary from partition to partition; some classes may even be missing from some partitions. In order to learn from such data, we combine a fast ensemble learning algorithm with Bayesian decision theory to generate an accurate predictive model of the simulation data. Results from a simulation of an impactor bar crushing a storage canister and from region recognition in face images show that regions of interest are successfully identified. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Banfield, RE (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, ENB118,4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM rbanfiel@csee.usf.edu; hall@csee.usf.edu; kwb@cse.nd.edu; wpk@ca.sandia.gov OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-26306-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3541 BP 196 EP 205 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BCN51 UT WOS:000230171500020 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Evans, JW AF Liu, DJ Evans, JW TI From atomic scale ordering to mesoscale spatial patterns in surface reactions: A heterogeneous coupled lattice-gas simulation approach SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE pattern formation; surface reaction; reaction-diffusion; kinetic Monte Carlo ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; DENSITY EXPANSION; REACTION MODEL; PERCOLATION TRANSITIONS; IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BIFURCATION-ANALYSIS; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS; CHEMICAL DIFFUSION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR AB A current challenge in the modeling of surface reaction-diffusion systems is to connect the length scales from a realistic atomistic treatment of local ordering of adsorbed reactants and of reaction kinetics to an "exact" description of mesoscale spatial pattern formation. We discuss a heterogeneous coupled lattice-gas approach which utilizes parallel kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of lattice-gas models to simultaneously determine the local reaction kinetics and diffusive transport properties at various macroscopic "points" distributed across the surface. These simulations are periodically coupled to reflect macroscopic mass transport via surface diffusion. We place particular emphasis on the key issue of correctly describing the associated chemical or collective diffusion flux. This method is general, but it is discussed here only in the context of simple models for the bistable CO oxidation reaction on surfaces, where macroscopic mass transport involves only diffusion of adsorbed CO. Detailed analysis is presented for a canonical model of CO oxidation which incorporates nearest-neighbor exclusion between adsorbed oxygen, leading to superlattice ordering of this reactant. In this model, interactions of adsorbed CO with other adspecies are ignored. This reduces CO surface transport from a many-particle to a single-particle problem, although one with the complexity of "ant-in-the-labyrinth"-type percolative diffusion ( the labyrinth being formed by coadsorbed oxygen). C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dajiang@fi.ameslab.gov; evans@ameslab.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 424 EP 446 DI 10.1137/040606405 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 961MB UT WOS:000231665400003 ER PT J AU Murray, JM Perelson, AS AF Murray, JM Perelson, AS TI Human immunodeficiency virus: Quasi-species and drug resistance SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Biocomplexity V - Multiscale Modeling in Biology CY AUG 14-17, 2003 CL Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN SP Univ Notre Dame, Interdisciplinary Ctr Study Biocomplex, Indiana Univ, Biocomplex Inst, Los Alamos Natl Lab HO Univ Notre Dame DE HIV; drug resistance; quasi-species ID HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTION; IN-VIVO; ZIDOVUDINE THERAPY; VIRAL LOAD; DYNAMICS; TYPE-1; EVOLUTION AB The theory of quasi-species and replication-mutation dynamics is used to study clonal fitness for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in terms of the process of reverse transcription. The fitness of a HIV clone depends not only on its replicative ability but also its location in the quasi-species network. We show that in a system with a wild-type sequence plus n(1) single mutation clones, when all clones have the same replicative fitness, the population of each mutant will be 1/root 3n(1) the size of the wild-type sequence. However, as the replicative fitness of the mutants drops below that of the wild type, their population levels quickly decrease. By comparing a quasi-species model with the usual model that contains only several specific clones, we show that these can lead to quite different results. Under zidovudine monotherapy, both models have drug resistant clones developing similarly. However, after cessation of treatment, the non-quasi-species model has the resistant clones reverting to baseline levels, whereas the quasi-species model has them settling to a new steady state at least two orders of magnitude higher than baseline. This shows that the true quasi-species nature of HIV can lead to higher resistance levels after antiretroviral treatment than would be expected from simpler models. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murray, JM (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM j.murray@unsw.edu.au; asp@lanl.gov RI Murray, John/B-5481-2009 OI Murray, John/0000-0001-9314-2283 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1137/040603024 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 907UF UT WOS:000227742800005 ER PT J AU Li, MZ Evans, JW AF Li, MZ Evans, JW TI Modeling of island formation during submonolayer deposition: A stochastic geometry-based simulation approach SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE epitaxial growth; island formation; Monte Carlo simulation; diffusion; aggregation; capture zone ID THIN FILM CONDENSATION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ADATOM CAPTURE; RATE-EQUATIONS; PHASE-CHANGE; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; AGGREGATION; DYNAMICS AB Homogeneous nucleation and growth of two-dimensional islands during submonolayer deposition has been analyzed extensively by kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation of atomistic models and more recently by Burton-Cabrera-Frank-type continuum formulations for diffusion and aggregation of the deposited adatoms. Here, we develop an alternative geometry-based simulation (GBS) approach. This approach replaces an explicit treatment of adatom diffusion ( either within an atomistic or continuum framework) with a formulation based on the stochastic geometry of "depletion zones" or "capture zones" surrounding islands. We consider models with a prescribed critical size, i, above which islands are stable. For canonical models with small i, we show that prediction of the nucleation rate and island density by GBS (or any other multiscale approach) requires precise description of adatom capture by critical clusters, for which we extend existing theory. We also present results for the island size distribution including the regime of large i where KMC simulation becomes inefficient and where the initial transient regime of the growing adatom population becomes protracted and thus more important. Finally, we discuss extension of the GBS approach to treat island coalescence and multilayer growth, and to a variety of other nucleation mechanisms. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM maozhi@scl.ameslab.gov; evans@ameslab.gov NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 EI 1540-3467 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 3 BP 629 EP 657 DI 10.1137/040606569 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 907UL UT WOS:000227743400005 ER PT J AU Miller, KA Hinz, JM Yamada, NA Thompson, LH Albala, JS AF Miller, KA Hinz, JM Yamada, NA Thompson, LH Albala, JS TI Nuclear localization of Rad51B is independent of Rad51C and BRCA2 SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPAIR GENE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATIONAL REPAIR; COMPLEX IN-VIVO; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; HAMSTER-CELLS; MOUSE GENES; IDENTIFICATION; XRCC2; SEQUENCE; PARALOGS AB Rad51B is one of the five paralogs of human Rad51 and is found in a multiprotein complex with three other Rad51 paralogs, Rad51C, Rad51D and Xrcc2. Participation of Rad51B in this complex depends on its direct interaction with Rad51C. Examination of EGFP-Rad51B fusion protein in HeLa S3 cells and immunofluorescence in several human cell lines reveal the nuclear localization of Rad51B. Mutations in the N-terminal KKLK motif of Rad51B (amino acids 4-7), result in the cytoplasmic localization of Rad51B suggesting that the KKLK sequence is the nuclear localization signal (NLS) for the Rad51B protein. Examination of wild-type EGFP-Rad51B fusion protein in hamster irs3 mutant cells, deficient in Rad51C, showed that Rad51B localizes to the nucleus independently of Rad51C, the only known direct binding partner for Rad51B. Utilization of a BRCA2 mutant cell line, CAPAN-1, showed that Rad51B also localizes to the nucleus independent of BRCA2. Although both Rad51B and BRCA2 are clearly involved in the homologous recombinational repair pathway, Rad51B and BRCA2 do not appear to associate. This study finds that a KKLK motif in the N-terminus of Rad51B serves as an NLS that allows Rad51B to localize to the nucleus independent of Rad51C or BRCA2. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Albala, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 East Ave,L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM albala1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA 810910, P01 CA92584-02] NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD JAN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1093/mutage/gei011 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 899GD UT WOS:000227132000008 PM 15701685 ER PT B AU Sentz, K Wilson, A AF Sentz, K Wilson, A GP IEEE TI Fault tree uncertainty quantification using probabilities and belief structures on basic and non-basic events SO NAFIPS 2005 - 2005 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUN 26-28, 2005 CL Detroit, MI SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc AB In the vast majority of the literature on fault trees, information is only provided on the basic events and is described probabilistically. In this paper, we extend this in two ways: we consider information at both basic and non-basic events, and we describe our uncertainties about this information in terms of both probability and Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. We develop these extensions for the AND gate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sentz, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Wilson, Alyson/0000-0003-1461-6212 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9187-X PY 2005 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2005.1548509 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDO99 UT WOS:000234636800014 ER PT J AU Hsu, JWP Tian, ZR Simmons, NC Matzke, CM Voigt, JA Liu, J AF Hsu, JWP Tian, ZR Simmons, NC Matzke, CM Voigt, JA Liu, J TI Directed spatial organization of zinc oxide nanorods SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER; ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES; GROWTH; ACID; NUCLEATION; CRYSTALS; CALCITE AB The ability to precisely place nanomaterials at predetermined locations is necessary for realizing applications using these new materials. Using an organic template, we demonstrate directed growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on silver films from aqueous solution. Spatial organization of ZnO nanorods in prescribed arbitrary patterns was achieved, with unprecedented control in selectivity, crystal orientation, and nucleation density. Surprisingly, we found that caboxylate endgroups of omega-alkanethiol molecules strongly inhibit ZnO nucleation. The mechanism for this observed selectivity is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hsu, JWP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwhsu@sandia.gov RI Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 20 TC 162 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1021/nl048322e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 887TE UT WOS:000226327600016 PM 15792417 ER PT J AU Pan, MH Liu, H Wang, JZ Jia, JF Xue, QK Li, JL Qin, S Mirsaidov, UM Wang, XR Markert, JT Zhang, ZY Shih, CK AF Pan, MH Liu, H Wang, JZ Jia, JF Xue, QK Li, JL Qin, S Mirsaidov, UM Wang, XR Markert, JT Zhang, ZY Shih, CK TI Quantum growth of magnetic nanoplatelets of Co on Si with high blocking temperature SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; ANISOTROPY; FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; SI(111)-(7X7); OVERLAYERS; SILICIDE; ISLANDS; COBALT AB Self-organized Co nanoplatelets with a singular height, quantized lateral sizes, and unique shape and orientation have been fabricated on a template consisting of ordered Al nanocluster arrays on Si(111)-7 x 7 surfaces. Despite their small volume (a few nm(3)), these nanomagnets exhibit an unusually high blocking temperature (>100 K). The perpendicular direction for easy magnetization, the high blocking temperature, the size tunability, and the epitaxial growth on Si substrates make these nanomagnets important for applications in information technology. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM qkxue@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; shih@physics.utexas.edu RI Qin, Shengyong/A-7348-2012; Mirsaidov, Utkur/D-5821-2014; Mirsaidov, Utkur/A-6552-2012 OI Mirsaidov, Utkur/0000-0001-8673-466X; Mirsaidov, Utkur/0000-0001-8673-466X NR 27 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1021/nl048295s PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 887TE UT WOS:000226327600017 PM 15792418 ER PT J AU Ge, HX Wu, W Li, ZY Jung, GY Olynick, D Chen, YF Liddle, JA Wang, SY Williams, RS AF Ge, HX Wu, W Li, ZY Jung, GY Olynick, D Chen, YF Liddle, JA Wang, SY Williams, RS TI Cross-linked polymer replica of a nanoimprint mold at 30 nm half-pitch SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SURFACE AB This letter reports the demonstration of a photocurable polymer process for replicating the master mold for nanoimprint lithography. The cross-linked polymer mold was fabricated directly with high fidelity from a master by imprinting and photocuring a low viscosity liquid prepolymer film spun onto a substrate. The surface of the cross-linked polymer mold can be treated using an O-2 Plasma, and then vapor primed with a low surface energy mold release layer for repeatable imprinting. The imprinting results demonstrated that the cross-linked polymer mold could be faithfully used for both thermal and photocurable nanoimprint lithography. C1 Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, W (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM wei.wu@hp.com RI Wu, Wei/D-1908-2011; Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259; Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Wang, Shih-Yuan/0000-0002-1212-3484 NR 12 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 179 EP 182 DI 10.1021/nl048618k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 887TE UT WOS:000226327600034 PM 15792435 ER PT S AU Fan, HY Leve, EW Scullin, C Tallant, D Wilson, MC Brinker, CJ AF Fan, HY Leve, EW Scullin, C Tallant, D Wilson, MC Brinker, CJ BE Cartwright, AN Osinski, M TI Surfactant-assisted synthesis of water-soluble and biocompatible semiconductor quantum dot-micelles SO Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiophotonics and Biomedical Applications II CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; IN-VIVO; MARKER AB We report a simple and rapid method to synthesize water-soluble and biocompatible fluorescent quantum dot (QD)-micelles by encapsulation of monodisperse, hydrophobic QDs inside surfactant/lipid micelles. Analysis of UV-vis spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and photo luminescence spectra indicate that the water-soluble semiconductor QD-micelles are monodisperse and retain the optical properties of the original hydrophobic QDs. The QD-micelles were shown to be biocompatible and exhibited little or no aggregation when taken up by cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with superior optical properties are a promising alternative to organic dyes for fluorescence-based bio-applications. The potential benefits and use of conjugated QD probes to monitor cellular functions has prompted extensive efforts to develop methods to synthesize water-soluble and biocompatible QDs that can be widely used for fluorescent-based bio-imaging(1-11). In general, the key to developing QDs as a tool in biological systems is to achieve water-solubility, biocompatibility, and photo-stability, and importantly to provide flexible QD surface chemistry/functionality that will enable efficient coupling of these fluorescent inorganic probes to reagents capable of targeting and/or sensing ongoing biological processes. We recently developed a method to prepare gold nanocrystal (NC)-micelles in aqueous media(12). The method is to incorporate monosized, hydrophobic gold NCs into the hydrophobic interiors of surfactant micelles. The uniform gold NC size and self-assembled monolayer-like nature of its surface resulted in the formation of monosized gold NC-micelles composed of a gold NC core and a hybrid bilayer shell with precisely defined primary and secondary layer thicknesses. Here, we extend this technique to the synthesis of water-soluble, biocompatible semiconductor QD-micelles. This synthetic approach avoids complicated multi-step procedures(1,6) and promises to add to the into ordered arrays in inorganic matrices needed for enhanced optical properties and for achieving mechanical robustness in nanodevices(23,24). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5679-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5705 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.601511 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BCH92 UT WOS:000229367700012 ER PT J AU Rosengart, AJ Kaminski, MD AF Rosengart, Axel J. Kaminski, Michael D. BE Kumar, CSSR Hormes, J Leuschner, C TI Decorporation of Biohazards Utilizing Nanoscale Magnetic Carrier Systems SO NANOFABRICATION TOWARDS BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: TECHNIQUES, TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND IMPACT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DRUG-DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; LIPOSOMES; POLYMERS; PHARMACOKINETICS; BIODISTRIBUTION AB This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The University of Chicago, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or The University of Chicago. C1 [Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nanoscale Engn Grp, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosengart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2030, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-3-527-60347-3 PY 2005 BP 343 EP 363 DI 10.1002/3527603476.ch13 D2 10.1002/3527603476 PG 21 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BYE61 UT WOS:000298233900015 ER PT S AU Yan, WF Zhang, ZT Xu, J Mahurin, SM Dai, S AF Yan, WF Zhang, ZT Xu, J Mahurin, SM Dai, S BE Sayari, A Jaroniec, M TI Doping of rare earth elements into microporous and mesoporous aluminophosphate SO NANOPOROUS MATERIALS IV SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Nanoporous Materials CY JUN 07-10, 2005 CL Niagara Falls, CANADA ID CRYSTALLINE INORGANIC SOLIDS; FRAMEWORK ALUMINOPHOSPHATE; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SILICOALUMINOPHOSPHATE; GLASSES AB The rare earth ions of europium (Eu), cerium (Ce), and terbium (Tb) were successfully doped into the zeolitic frameworks of microporous aluminophosphate AlPO4-5. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), luminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize this zeolitic aluminophosphates doped with rare earth ions. Both XRD and SEM measurements indicate that no crystalline phases other than AlPO4-5. The luminescence spectroscopy and XPS measurements suggest the existence of rare-earth elements in the framework of the large-pore aluminophosphate AlPO4-5. However, the efforts of trying to dope europium ions into the framework of mesoporous aluminophosphate through a co-synthesis method are unsuccessful. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51748-0 J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2005 VL 156 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BCR28 UT WOS:000230895600034 ER PT B AU Thomassen, DG Patrinos, A AF Thomassen, DG Patrinos, A BE McLaughlin, JP Simopoulos, SE Steinhausler, F TI Understanding health risks from low doses of ionizing radiation SO Natural Radiation Environment VII SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VII) CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP US EPA AB Epidemiological and toxicological research has long been used to characterize health responses of populations and individuals to high radiation doses. This information is used to set exposure standards to protect the public and the workforce. Standards are set using models that predict unmeasurable cancer frequencies at low radiation doses by extrapolating from the number of cancers observed following high dose exposures. Recently, new techniques and instruments have been developed that enable direct measurements of the biological changes induced by low doses of radiation. These research tools provide new information to help define radiation's measurable effects on cells and molecules at environmentally relevant exposures. Such research will underpin the developmet of future science-based radiation risk regulatory policy. Microbeams are being developed that can expose individual cells, or specific parts of cells such as the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or even specific regions of the nucleus or cytoplasm, to a wide range of radiation energies (from heavy ions to electrons) and doses (including the ultimate low dose - a single ion). These instruments will enable critical questions about the biological effects of very low doses of radiation to be addressed. Rapid progress in the Human Genome Project has enabled studies on the effects of radiation at the level of the individual gene. The biological effects of high, carcinogenic doses of radiation can now be compared directly with the effects of low doses for which there is only sparse and conflicting data as to whether risks for selected cancers increase or decrease. However, critical questions remain. Are the cellular effects induced by high and low radiation doses identical at the molecular level, differing only quantitatively in proportion to dose? Do cells recognize changes induced by low doses of radiation the same way they recognize changes induced by high doses? Do cells, tissues and whole organisms each respond in a qualitatively similar way to high and low doses of radiation? C1 US DOE, Off Sci SC72, Off Biol & Environm Res, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Thomassen, DG (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci SC72, Off Biol & Environm Res, 19901 Germantown Rd, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044137-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2005 VL 7 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S1569-4860(04)07002-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCI12 UT WOS:000229424900002 ER PT B AU Fisenne, IM Machta, L Harley, NH AF Fisenne, IM Machta, L Harley, NH BE McLaughlin, JP Simopoulos, SE Steinhausler, F TI Stratospheric radon measurements in three North American locations SO Natural Radiation Environment VII SE RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment (NRE-VII) CY MAY 20-24, 2002 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP US EPA ID ATMOSPHERE AB Stratospheric air samples were collected by the US Weather Bureau (now NOAA) in 1962 to explore the possibility of using radon profiles as an atmospheric tracer. In the Spring of 1962, WB-57 aircraft collected tropospheric and stratospheric air samples by pressurizing steel spheres with the samples to about 21 MPa. The sampling locations were Alaska, the Southwest USA and the Panama Canal Zone at 8, 32 and 70 degrees North, respectively. The samples were obtained at from 3 to 6 different altitudes ranging from 4 to 20 km, both below and above the tropopause which varied from 8 to 17 km. The Rn-222 concentrations ranged from 1 mBq m(-3) at 20 km to 1000 mBq m(-3) at 4 km, compared with an average ground level concentration of 15000 mBq m(-3). The Rn-222 concentration profiles for the Canal Zone and the Southwest USA were similar with height, while the Alaskan profiles were lower by a factor of 5 to 10. The tropopause appears to be a more effective barrier to 222Rn transport in the Canal Zone and Alaska than over the Southwest USA. The reason for this effect is not known but may reflect the bearing of the jet stream on lower altitude turbulence. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Fisenne, IM (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044137-8 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2005 VL 7 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.1016/S1569-4860(04)07088-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCI12 UT WOS:000229424900088 ER PT J AU Cabantous, S Terwilliger, TC Waldo, GS AF Cabantous, S Terwilliger, TC Waldo, GS TI Protein tagging and detection with engineered self-assembling fragments of green fluorescent protein SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VIVO; STRUCTURAL GENOMICS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FUSION PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; COMPLEMENTATION; PEPTIDE; SOLUBILITY AB Existing protein tagging and detection methods are powerful but have drawbacks. Split protein tags can perturb protein solubility(1-4) or may not work in living cells(5-7). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions can misfold(8) or exhibit altered processing(9). Fluorogenic biarsenical FLaSH or ReASH(10) substrates overcome many of these limitations but require a polycysteine tag motif, a reducing environment and cell transfection or permeabilization(10). An ideal protein tag would be genetically encoded, would work both in vivo and in vitro, would provide a sensitive analytical signal and would not require external chemical reagents or substrates. One way to accomplish this might be with a split GFP(11), but the GFP fragments reported thus far are large and fold poorly(11,12), require chemical ligation(13) or fused interacting partners to force their association(11-14), or require coexpression or co-refolding to produce detectable folded and fluorescent GFP(11,12). We have engineered soluble, self-associating fragments of GFP that can be used to tag and detect either soluble or insoluble proteins in living cells or cell lysates. The split GFP system is simple and does not change fusion protein solubility. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waldo, GS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS-M888,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM waldo@lanl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Cabantous, Stephanie/M-3282-2014 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Cabantous, Stephanie/0000-0002-8406-9421 NR 39 TC 290 Z9 299 U1 12 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1038/nbt1044 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 885ZK UT WOS:000226195700036 PM 15580262 ER PT J AU Horike, S Cai, ST Miyano, M Cheng, JF Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Horike, S Cai, ST Miyano, M Cheng, JF Kohwi-Shigematsu, T TI Loss of silent-chromatin looping and impaired imprinting of DLX5 in Rett syndrome SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CPG-BINDING PROTEIN; DNA METHYLATION; MONOCHROMOSOMAL HYBRIDS; HISTONE METHYLATION; IN-VIVO; MECP2; GENE; BRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Mutations in MECP2 are associated with Rett syndrome, an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder. To identify genes targeted by Mecp2, we sequenced 100 in vivo Mecp2-binding sites in mouse brain. Several sequences mapped to an imprinted gene cluster on chromosome 6, including Dlx5 and Dlx6, whose transcription was roughly two times greater in brains of Mecp2-null mice compared with those of wild-type mice. The maternally expressed gene DLX5 showed a loss of imprinting in lymphoblastoid cells from individuals with Rett syndrome. Because Dlx5 regulates production of enzymes that synthesize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), loss of imprinting of Dlx5 may alter GABAergic neuron activity in individuals with Rett syndrome. In mouse brain, Dlx5 imprinting was relaxed, yet Mecp2-mediated silent-chromatin structure existed at the Dlx5-Dlx6 locus in brains of wild-type, but not Mecp2-null, mice. Mecp2 targeted histone deacetylase 1 to a sharply defined, similar to1-kb region at the Dlx5-Dlx6 locus and promoted repressive histone methylation at Lys9 at this site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-combined loop assays showed that Mecp2 mediated the silent chromatin-derived 11-kb chromatin loop at the Dlx5-Dlx6 locus. This loop was absent in chromatin of brains of Mecp2-null mice, and Dlx5-Dlx6 interacted with far distant sequences, forming distinct active chromatin-associated loops. These results show that formation of a silent-chromatin loop is a new mechanism underlying gene regulation by Mecp2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kohwi-Shigematsu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM terumiks@lbl.gov RI MIYANO, MASARU/I-1353-2015; Horike, Shin-ichi/C-4319-2015 OI Horike, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4256-9129 NR 50 TC 359 Z9 381 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1038/ng1491 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 883FX UT WOS:000225997500018 PM 15608638 ER PT J AU Ice, G AF Ice, G TI Amorphous materials - Characterizing amorphous strain SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM IceGE@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 17 EP 18 DI 10.1038/nmat1302 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 884VA UT WOS:000226113600010 ER PT J AU Poulsen, HF Wert, JA Neuefeind, J Honkimaki, V Daymond, M AF Poulsen, HF Wert, JA Neuefeind, J Honkimaki, V Daymond, M TI Measuring strain distributions in amorphous materials SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRESS; COMPOSITES; ALLOYS; POLYCRYSTALS; RESOLUTION C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Poulsen, HF (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM henning.friis.poulsen@risoe.dk RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 30 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1038/nmat1266 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 884VA UT WOS:000226113600012 ER PT J AU Freeland, JW Gray, KE Ozyuzer, L Berghuis, P Badica, E Kavich, J Zheng, H Mitchell, JF AF Freeland, JW Gray, KE Ozyuzer, L Berghuis, P Badica, E Kavich, J Zheng, H Mitchell, JF TI Full bulk spin polarization and intrinsic tunnel barriers at the surface of layered manganites SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HALF-METALLIC FERROMAGNET; CHARGE; SCATTERING; EXCHANGE; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; LA0.7SR0.3MNO3; SEGREGATION; OXIDES; FILMS; IRON AB Transmission of information using the spin of the electron as well as its charge requires a high degree of spin polarization at surfaces. However, at surfaces this degree of polarization can be quenched by competing interactions. Using a combination of surface-sensitive X-ray and tunnelling probes, we show for the quasi-two-dimensional bilayer manganites that only the outermost Mn-O bilayer is affected: it is a 1-nm-thick insulator that exhibits no long-range ferromagnetic order, whereas the next bilayer displays the full spin polarization of the bulk. Such an abrupt localization of the surface effects is due to the two-dimensional nature of the layered manganite, and the loss of ferromagnetism is attributed to weakened double exchange in the reconstructed surface bilayer and a resultant antiferromagnetic phase. The creation of a well-defined surface insulator atop a fully spin-polarized bulk demonstrates the ability of two of the most demanding components of an ideal magnetic tunnel junction to self-assemble naturally. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. RP Freeland, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM freeland@anl.gov RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 29 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1038/nmat1280 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 884VA UT WOS:000226113600018 ER PT J AU Hoelzinger, DB Mariani, L Weis, J Woyke, T Berens, TJ McDonough, WS Sloan, A Coons, SW Berens, ME AF Hoelzinger, DB Mariani, L Weis, J Woyke, T Berens, TJ McDonough, WS Sloan, A Coons, SW Berens, ME TI Gene expression profile of glioblastoma multiforme invasive phenotype points to new therapeutic targets SO NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE glioma; invasion; cDNA microarray; expression profile; tissue microarray ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; PROTEIN N-CHIMAERIN; GLIOMA CLASSIFICATION; MALIGNANT GLIOMAS; HIGH-GRADE; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; MIGRATION; MOTILITY AB The invasive phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a hallmark of malignant process, yet molecular mechanisms that dictate this locally invasive behavior remain poorly understood. Gene expression profiles of human glioma cells were assessed from laser capture-microdissected GBM cells collected from paired patient tumor cores and white matter-invading cell populations. Changes in gene expression in invading GBM cells were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in an independent sample set. QRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression in 19 of 21 genes tested. Immunohistochemical analyses of autotaxin (ATX), ephrin 133, B-cell lymphoma-w (BCLW), and protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta showed them to be expressed in invasive glioma cells. The known GBM markers, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and vimentin, were robustly expressed in the tumor core. A glioma invasion tissue microarray confirmed the expression of ATX and BCLW in invasive cells of tumors of various grades. GBM phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity is well documented. In this study, we show an additional layer of complexity: transcriptional differences between cells of tumor core and invasive cells located in the brain parenchyma. Gene products supporting invasion may be novel targets for manipulation of brain tumor behavior with consequences on treatment outcome. C1 Translat Genom Res Inst, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. Univ Hosp Bern, Inselspital, Dept Neurosurg, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Klinikum, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Neuropathol, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Integrat Oncol, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. St Josephs Hosp, Dept Neuropathol, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA. RP Berens, ME (reprint author), 400 N 5th St,Suite 1600, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. EM mberens@tgen.org RI Weis, Joachim/G-1984-2014; OI Weis, Joachim/0000-0003-3280-6773; Hoelzinger, Dominique/0000-0003-0861-9310 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 42262, R01 NS042262] NR 54 TC 190 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 12 PU NEOPLASIA PRESS PI ANN ARBOR PA 1150 W MEDICAL CENTER DR, MSRB III, RM 9303, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0648 USA SN 1522-8002 J9 NEOPLASIA JI Neoplasia PD JAN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 DI 10.1593/neo.04535 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 894FT UT WOS:000226776800002 PM 15720813 ER PT S AU Foster, I AF Foster, I BE Jin, H Reed, D Jiang, W TI Globus Toolkit version 4: Software for service-oriented systems SO NETWORK AND PARALLEL COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IFIP International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2005 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IFIP AB The Globus Toolkit (GT) has been developed since the late 1990s to support the development of service-oriented distributed computing applications and infrastructures. Core GT components address, within a common framework, basic issues relating to security, resource access, resource management, data movement, resource discovery, and so forth. These components enable a broader "Globus ecosystem" of tools and components that build on, or interoperate with, core GT functionality to provide a wide range of useful application-level functions. These tools have in turn been used to develop a wide range of both "Grid" infrastructures and distributed applications. I summarize here the principal characteristics of the latest release, the Web services-based GT4, which provides significant improvements over previous releases in terms of robustness, performance, usability, documentation, standards compliance, and functionality. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 315 Z9 316 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-29810-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3779 BP 2 EP 13 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDQ15 UT WOS:000234857500002 ER PT S AU Krishnamurthy, V Faloutsos, M Chrobak, M Lao, L Cui, JH Percus, AG AF Krishnamurthy, V Faloutsos, M Chrobak, M Lao, L Cui, JH Percus, AG BE Boutaba, R Almeroth, K Puigjaner, R Shen, S Black, JP TI Reducing large Internet topologies for faster simulations SO NETWORKING 2005: NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES, SERVICES, AND PROTOCOLS; PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; MOBILE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL Waterloo, CANADA SP Bell Canada, Res Motion, Sun Microsyst, IFIP, Int Federat Informat Proc, Tech Comm 6 Commun Syst, Univ Waterloo, Nortel Networks Inst, Software Telecommun Grp AB In this paper, we develop methods to "sample" a small realistic graph from a large real network. Despite recent activity, the modeling and generation of realistic graphs is still not a resolved issue. All previous work has attempted to grow a graph from scratch. We address the complementary problem of shrinking a graph, In more detail, this work has three parts. First, we propose a number of reduction methods that can be categorized into three classes: (a) deletion methods, (b) contraction methods, and (c) exploration methods. We prove that some of them maintain key properties of the initial graph. We implement our methods and show that we can effectively reduce the nodes of a graph by as much as 70% while maintaining its important properties. In addition, we show that our reduced graphs compare favourably against construction-based generators. Apart from its use in simulations, the problem of graph sampling is of independent interest. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, IPAM, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-25809-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2005 VL 3462 BP 328 EP 341 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BCN18 UT WOS:000230113900027 ER PT S AU Slikker, W Young, JF Corley, RA Dorman, DC Conolly, RB Knudsen, TB Erstad, BL Luecke, RH Faustman, EM Timchalk, C Mattison, DR AF Slikker, W Young, JF Corley, RA Dorman, DC Conolly, RB Knudsen, TB Erstad, BL Luecke, RH Faustman, EM Timchalk, C Mattison, DR BE Slikker, W Andrews, RJ Trembly, B TI Improving predictive modeling in pediatric drug development: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanistic modeling SO NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Neuroprotective Agents CY NOV 14-19, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Cent Arkansas Chapter SIGMA XI, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, FDA, US EPA DE PBPK; pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics; pediatrics; children; modeling ID EXPOSURE-DISEASE CONTINUUM; PROTOTYPE OCULAR TERATOGEN; HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT; METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; MANGANESE DEPOSITION; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; COMPUTATIONAL MODEL; BASAL GANGLIA; RAT; CHILDREN AB A workshop was conducted on November 18-19, 2004, to address the issue of improving predictive models for drug delivery to developing humans. Although considerable progress has been made for adult humans, large gaps remain for predicting pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) outcome in children because most adult models have not been tested during development. The goals of the meeting included a description of when, during development, infants/children become adultlike in handling drugs. The issue of incorporating the most recent advances into the predictive models was also addressed: both the use of imaging approaches and genomic information were considered. Disease state, as exemplified by obesity, was addressed as a modifier of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during development. Issues addressed in this workshop should be considered in the development of new predictive and mechanistic models of drug kinetics and dynamics in the developing human. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Res Off, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biometry & Risk Assessment, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Richman, WA USA. CIIT, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Louisville, Birth Defects Ctr, Syst Anal Lab, Louisville, KY USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm Practice & Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Washington, Inst Risk Analysis & Risk Commun, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Slikker, W (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Res Off, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM wslikker@nctr.fda.gov; wslikker@nctr.fda.gov RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009; Mattison, Donald/L-4661-2013; OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874; Faustman, Elaine/0000-0002-3085-6403 NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-578-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1053 BP 505 EP 518 DI 10.1196/annals.1344.044 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BDR63 UT WOS:000235109800051 PM 16179559 ER PT J AU Ma, Y Hof, PR Grant, SC Blackband, SJ Bennett, R Slatest, L McGuigan, MD Benveniste, H AF Ma, Y Hof, PR Grant, SC Blackband, SJ Bennett, R Slatest, L McGuigan, MD Benveniste, H TI A three-dimensional digital atlas database of the adult C57BL/6J mouse brain by magnetic resonance microscopy SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic resonance microscopy; phenotype; mice; atlas; brain; computational biology ID PROBABILISTIC ATLAS; MR MICROSCOPY; VALIDATION; AVERAGE; IMAGES AB A comprehensive three-dimensional digital atlas database of the C57BL/6J mouse brain was developed based on magnetic resonance microscopy images acquired on a 17.6-T superconducting magnet. By using both manual tracing and an atlas-based semi-automatic segmentation approach, T2*-weighted magnetic resonance microscopy images of 10 adult male formalin-fixed, excised C57BL/6J mouse brains were segmented into 20 anatomical structures. These structures included the neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulbs, basal forebrain and septum, caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, hypothalamus, central gray, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, the rest of midbrain, cerebellum, brainstem, corpus callosum/external capsule, internal capsule, anterior commissure, fimbria, and ventricles. The segmentation data were formatted and stored into a database containing three different atlas types: 10 single-specimen brain atlases, an average brain atlas and a probabilistic atlas. Additionally, quantitative group information, such as variations in structural volume, surface area, magnetic resonance microscopy image intensity and local geometry, were computed and stored as an integral part of the database. The database augments ongoing efforts with other high priority strains as defined by the Mouse Phenome Database focused on providing a quantitative framework for accurate mapping of functional, genetic and protein expression patterns acquired by a myriad of technologies and imaging modalities. (c) 2005 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Adv Imaging Program, New York, NY USA. Univ Florida, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Benveniste, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benveniste@bnl.gov RI Grant, Samuel/D-8744-2013 OI Grant, Samuel/0000-0001-7738-168X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR16105]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB 00233-04] NR 41 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2005 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1215 DI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.014 PG 13 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 978WY UT WOS:000232904900019 PM 16165303 ER PT J AU Lewis, J Bench, G Myers, O Tinner, B Staines, W Barr, E Divine, KK Barrington, W Karlsson, J AF Lewis, J Bench, G Myers, O Tinner, B Staines, W Barr, E Divine, KK Barrington, W Karlsson, J TI Trigeminal uptake and clearance of inhaled manganese chloride in rats and mice SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nose-only inhalation; PIXE; neurodegenerative disease; neurotoxicity; manganism; metal transport; Parkinson's disease ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; 14-DAY EXPOSURE; BRAIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; MICROSCOPY; LIVERMORE; TRANSPORT; PATHWAYS AB Inhaled manganese (Mn) can enter the olfactory bulbs via the olfactory epithelium, and can then be further transported trans-synaptically to deeper brain structures. In addition to olfactory neurons, the nasal cavity is innervated by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve that projects to the spinal trigerninal nucleus. Direct uptake and transport of inhaled metal particles in the trigeminal system has not been investigated previously. We studied the uptake, deposition, and clearance of soluble Mn in the trigeminal system following nose-only inhalation of environmentally relevant concentrations. Rats and mice were exposed for 10-days (6 h/day, 5 days/week) to air or MnCl2 aerosols 3 ;containing 2.3 +/- 1.3 mg/m(3) Mn with mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.1 +/- 1.4 mum for rats and 2. 0 +/- 0.09 mg/n(3) Mn MnCl2 with MMAD of 1.98 +/- 0.12 mum for mice. Mn concentrations in the trigeminal ganglia and spinal trigeminal nucleus were measured 2 h (0-day), T, 14-, or 30-days post-exposure using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Manganese-exposed rats and mice showed statistically elevated levels of Mn in trigeminal ganglia 0-, 7- and 14days after the 10-days exposure period when compared to control animals. The Mn concentration gradually decreased over time with a clearance rate (t(1/2)) of 7-8-days. Rats and mice were similar in both average accumulated Mn levels in trigeminal ganglia and in rates of clearance. We also found a small but significant elevation of Mn in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of mice 7-days post-exposure and in rats 0- and 7-days post-exposure. Our data demonstrate that the trigeminal nerve can serve as a pathway for entry of inhaled Mn to the brain in rodents following nose-only exposure and raise the question of whether entry of toxicants via this pathway may contribute to development of neurodegenerative diseases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Ctr Hlth Sci, Community Environm Hlth Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Lovelance Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Ctr Hlth Sci, Community Environm Hlth Program, MSC 9 5360, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jlewis@cybermesa.com RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010; OI Staines, Willim/0000-0002-7288-5026 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P20 ES09871-03, P30 ES-012072, R01-ES10766] NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD JAN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.06.005 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 872ZU UT WOS:000225249000012 PM 15527879 ER PT S AU de Souza, NR Kolesnikov, AI Loong, CK Moravsky, AP Loutfy, RO Burnham, CJ AF de Souza, NR Kolesnikov, AI Loong, CK Moravsky, AP Loutfy, RO Burnham, CJ BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Structure and dynamics of water adsorbed in carbon nanotubes: A joint neutron-scattering and molecular-dynamics study SO Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The advent of nanocarbons, from single- and multiple-walled nanotubes to nanohorns, avails model studies of confined molecules on the nanoscale. Water encapsulated inside the quasi-one-dimensional channels of these materials is expected to exhibit anomalous behavior due to the unique geometry of nanotubes. and the weak interaction between the water molecules and the carbon atoms. We have employed neutron small-to-wide angle diffraction, quasielastic and inelastic scattering in conjunction with molecular-dynamics simulations to characterize the structures and dynamics of water adsorbed in open-ended single- and double-walled nanotubes over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. We find that a square-ice sheet wrapped next to the inner nanotube wall and a water chain in the interior are the key structural elements of nanotube-confined water/ice. This configuration results in a hydrogen-bond connectivity that markedly differs from that in bulk water. This significantly softened hydrogen-bond network manifests in strong energy shifts of the observed and simulated inter- and intra-molecular vibrations. The very large mean-square displacement of hydrogen atoms observed experimentally and the strong anharmonicity inferred from simulations explain the fluid-like behavior at temperatures far below the freezing point of normal water. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP de Souza, NR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI de Souza, Nicolas/B-4257-2008; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500004 ER PT S AU Nelson, AJ Dunn, J van Buuren, T Hunter, J AF Nelson, AJ Dunn, J van Buuren, T Hunter, J BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Single-state electronic structure measurements using time-resolved x-ray laser induced photoelectron spectroscopy SO NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING AS PROBES OF MULTISCALE PHENOMENA SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; GE(111) AB We demonstrate single-shot x-ray laser induced time-of-flight photoelectron spectroscopy on semiconductor and metal surfaces with picosecond time resolution. The LLNL COMET compact tabletop x-ray laser source provides the necessary high photon flux (>10(12)/pulse), monochromaticity, picosecond pulse duration, and coherence for probing ultrafast changes in the chemical and electronic structure of these materials. Static valence band and shallow core-level photoemission spectra are presented for ambient temperature Ge(100) and polycrystalline Cu foils. Surface contamination was removed by UV ozone cleaning prior to analysis. In addition, the ultrafast nature of this technique lends itself to true single-state measurements of shocked and heated materials. Time-resolved electron time-of-flight photoemission results for ultra-thin Cu will be presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500013 ER PT S AU Kolesnikov, AI Loong, CK Moravsky, AP Loutfy, RO Burnham, CJ AF Kolesnikov, AI Loong, CK Moravsky, AP Loutfy, RO Burnham, CJ BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Neutron spectroscopy of carbon nano-materials SO NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING AS PROBES OF MULTISCALE PHENOMENA SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NANOTUBES; PHASE; SCATTERING AB Vibrational spectra for single wall carbon nanotubes, double wall carbon nanotubes, single wall carbon nanohorns and C-60-peapods have been measured with inelastic neutron scattering in a wide range of energy transfer, 5-220 meV. A decrease in intensity around 75-100 meV and the appearance of two peaks around 120-125 meV and 150 meV in the double wall nanotubes and C-60-peapods spectra compared to single wall carbon nanotubes and nanohorns were observed. These,findings indicate the possibility of strong interaction between the walls of the double wall carbon nanotube, and between C-60 molecules and carbon nanotube of the peapod. Alternatively, a possible contamination of the samples by hydrogen (even in microscopic quantities) covalently bonded to the carbon also can account for the observed phenomena. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500015 ER PT S AU Fan, LX McNulty, I Paterson, D Treacy, MMJ Gibson, JM AF Fan, LX McNulty, I Paterson, D Treacy, MMJ Gibson, JM BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Fluctuation X-ray microscopy for measuring medium-range order SO Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Many x-ray techniques exist to probe long- and short-range order in matter, in real space by imaging and in reciprocal space by diffraction and scattering. However, measuring medium-range order (MRO) in disordered materials is a long-standing problem. Based on fluctuation electron microscopy, which was applied successfully to the understanding of MRO in amorphous materials, we have developed fluctuation x-ray microscopy (FXM). This novel approach offers quantitative insight into medium-range correlations in materials at nanometer and larger length scales. It examines spatially resolved fluctuations in the intensity of a series of x-ray speckle patterns. The speckle variance depends on higher order correlations that are more sensitive to MRO. Systematically measuring the speckle variance as function of the momentum transfer and x-ray illumination size produces a fluctuation map that contains information about the degree of MRO and the correlation length. This approach can be used for the exploration of MRO and subtle spatial structural changes in a wide range of disordered materials from soft condensed matter to nanowire arrays, semiconductor quantum dot arrays and magnetic materials. It will also help us to understand the mechanisms of order-disorder transitions and may lead to control of ordering, which is important in developing ordered structures tailored for particular applications. A theory for FXM and preliminary experimental results from polystyrene latex spheres are discussed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fan, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500020 ER PT S AU Budai, JD Yang, W Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ Ice, GE AF Budai, JD Yang, W Larson, BC Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ Ice, GE BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI 2D and 3D X-ray structural microscopy using submicron-resolution laue microdiffraction SO Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATION; GRAINS; STRAIN AB spatial resolution at the Advanced Photon Source. In this technique, white undulator radiation is focused to submicron diameter using elliptical mirrors. Laue diffraction patterns scattered from the sample are collected with an area detector and then analyzed to obtain the local crystal structure, lattice orientation, and strain tensor. These new microdiffraction capabilities have enabled both 2D and 3D structural studies of materials on mesoscopic length-scales of tenths-to-hundreds of microns. For thin samples such as deposited films, 2D structural maps are obtained. by step-scanning the area of interest. For example, 2D x-ray microscopy has been applied in studies of the epitaxial growth of oxide films. For bulk samples, a 3D differential-aperture x-ray microscopy technique has been developed that yields the full diffraction information from each submicron volume element, The capabilities of 3D x-ray microscopy are demonstrated here with measurements of grain orientations and grain boundary motion in polycrystalline aluminum during 3D thermal grain growth. X-ray microscopy provides the needed, direct link between the experimentally measured 3D microstructural evolution and the results of theory and modeling of materials processes on mesoscopic length scales. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Budai, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 175 EP 180 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500024 ER PT S AU Brown, DW Bourke, MAM Dunn, PS Field, RD Stout, MG Teter, DF Thoma, DJ Vogel, SC AF Brown, DW Bourke, MAM Dunn, PS Field, RD Stout, MG Teter, DF Thoma, DJ Vogel, SC BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Asymmetric lattice response during tensile and compressive deformation of a uranium-niobium shape memory alloy SO NEUTRON AND X-RAY SCATTERING AS PROBES OF MULTISCALE PHENOMENA SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; U-NB; TRANSFORMATIONS; PHASES AB The deformation of polycrystalline uranium 6 wt. % niobium (U6Nb) was studied in-situ during uniaxial tensile and compressive deformation by time-of-flight neutron diffraction. Diffraction patterns were recorded at incremental strains to roughly 4% total deformation. The asymmetry in the crystallographic response of the lattice is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500029 ER PT S AU Ice, GE Barabash, RI Pang, JWL AF Ice, GE Barabash, RI Pang, JWL BE Bhatia, SR Khalifah, PG Pochan, DJ Radaelli, PG TI Evolution of polar and dipolar dislocation density from polychromatic microdiffraction SO Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Neutron and X-Ray Scattering as Probes of Multiscale Phenomena held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DEFORMATION; MICROSCOPY; BICRYSTALS; CRYSTALS AB Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction (PXM) is sensitive to the density and organization of the dislocations, which occurs at several structural levels. At the lowest level statistically stored (dipolar) individual dislocations can exist within a crystal. At a higher structural level dislocations can organize into strongly correlated arrangements including walls and sub-boundaries. After plastic deformation geometrically necessary (polar) dislocations as well as geometrically necessary boundaries may be formed in a crystal. These dislocations cause not only random deformation, but also strongly correlated long range rotations within the crystal, grain, or subgrain. Non homogeneous plastic deformation is observed even in single crystals at smaller scale. Polar dislocations spread the conditions for x-ray (or neutron) diffraction transverse to the reciprocal space vector of each reflection. Diffracted intensity depends on the second rank dislocation density tensor. The polar dislocations density is related to the incompatibility of the plastic deformation and to the local lattice curvature. Laue patterns are therefore sensitive to the ratio between polar and dipolar dislocations density. Different slip systems of polar dislocations population cause distinctly different streaking in Laue patterns. Examination of streaked patterns enables one to determine statistically stored (dipolar) dislocations and geometrically necessary (polar) dislocations, GNDs, and to quantitativly determine the dislocation patterning parameters. The co-evolution of the statistically stored (dipolar) and geometrically necessary dislocations (polar) may be analyzed, and the ratio between the two densities may be obtained from the analysis of the Laue spots intensity distribution. The microbeam technique is applied to analyze a dislocation structure in a Ni bicrystal under uniaxial pulling. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-788-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 840 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCF70 UT WOS:000229086500031 ER PT B AU Kresin, VZ Bill, A Morawitz, H AF Kresin, VZ Bill, A Morawitz, H BE Ashkenazi, J Eremin, MV Cohn, JL Ilya, E Manske, D Pavuna, D Zou, F TI Self-supported superconductivity in layered metalochloronitrides SO New Challenges in Superconductivity: Experimental Advances and Emerging Theories SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Challenges in Superconductivity CY JAN 11-FEB 14, 2004 CL Miami, FL SP NATO DE layered superconductors; chloronitrides; electronic pairing mechanism ID ELECTRON-GAS; MECHANISM; PLASMONS AB The superconducting state in the novel family of layered metalochloronitrides is provided by electronic collective excitations, the acoustic plasmons. These plasmons are a characteristic feature of layered conductors. This is the first experimentally observed case of self-supported superconductivity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3083-5 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 183 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3085-1_30 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BDR94 UT WOS:000235156100030 ER PT J AU Schultz, M Sofield, CD Walter, MD Andersen, RA AF Schultz, M Sofield, CD Walter, MD Andersen, RA TI Coordination complexes of bivalent ansa-ytterbocenes: synthesis, structure and comparison with related unbridged ytterbocenes and ansa-ferrocenes SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; DFT CALCULATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; LIGANDS; METAL; EU AB The dimethylsilyl bridged bis(cyclopentadienide) ligands, {[2,4-(Me3C)(2)C5H2](2)SiMe2}(2-) and {[ Me3Si)(2)C5H2](2)SiMe2}(2-), have been prepared and used for the preparation of ansa-metallocene derivatives of iron and bivalent ytterbium metallocene adducts. The structures of two ansa-ferrocenes, as well as that of the free tetraene [2,4-(Me3C)(2)C5H3](2)SiMe2, have been determined by X-ray crystallography; the lability of the Me3Si group leads to a different ring substitution pattern in the structure of ansa-{[3,4( Me3Si)(2)C5H2](2)SiMe2} Fe compared with that in ansa-{[ 2,4-(Me3C)(2)C5H2](2)SiMe2} Fe. The structures of ansa{[ 2,4-(Me3C)(2)C5H2](2)SiMe2} Yb(OEt2) and an analogous ansa-ytterbocene isocyanide complex are also reported, and compared with those of non-bridged ytterbocene diethyl ether complexes. Short distances from the ytterbium atom to the diethyl ether beta carbon atoms are observed in several structures, consistent with the tendency of ytterbium to maximise its coordination number. Spectroscopic properties for the ansaytterbocene etherates and the isocyanide complex are reported and compared with the corresponding adducts of non-bridged ytterbocenes. The reduced Cp(centroid)-metal-Cp( centroid) angle enforced by the ansa-bridge does not lead to significant changes in the optical spectra compared with unbridged metallocene diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran adducts, but significant changes are observed in the isocyanide adducts; a model rationalising the red and blue shifts of lambda(max) is proposed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raandersen@lbl.gov RI Schultz, Madeleine/B-4131-2011; Walter, Marc/E-4479-2012 OI Schultz, Madeleine/0000-0001-7967-5147; NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2005 VL 29 IS 7 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.1039/b418550a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 938NB UT WOS:000230009000007 ER PT S AU Xu, T Misner, MJ Kim, S Sievert, JD Gang, O Ocko, B Russell, TP AF Xu, T Misner, MJ Kim, S Sievert, JD Gang, O Ocko, B Russell, TP BE KorugicKarasz, LS MacKnight, WJ Martuscelli, E TI Selective solvent-induced reversible surface reconstruction of diblock copolymer thin films SO NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on New Poymeric Materias CY OCT 22-25, 2003 CL Capri, ITALY SP Polymer Chem In, ACS Div ID TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ARRAYS; ROUTE; PHASE AB Through the use of a selective solvent a reversible surface reconstruction of diblock copolymer thin films was observed. The solvent selectivity and solubility of the minor component block were found to be crucial to generate nanoporous films with pores that penetrate through entire film thickness. The process was shown to be reversible by thermal annealing and was easily monitored using in-situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering and scanning force microscopy. At temperatures of 60-90 degrees C, only a small fraction of the nanopores relaxed to regenerate the original nanotemplate. However, by heating to 90-100 degrees C, the original nanotemplate was completely regenerated. Even though the bulk mobility of PS and PMMA is low at these temperatures, the local mobility required to regenerate the template was sufficient. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3928-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2005 VL 916 BP 158 EP 170 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BDO71 UT WOS:000234566100012 ER PT S AU Remo, JL AF Remo, JL BE Belbruno, E TI NEO impact projections SO NEW TRENDS IN ASTRODYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications II CY JUN 03-05, 2005 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ SP NASA Headquarters, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY City Chapter HO Princeton Univ DE near-Earth object; impact projection ID HAZARD MITIGATION AB The concept of a near-Earth object (NEO) impact projection metric (PM) based on the ratio of the observation time to the impact time, p(t), for a projected NEO impact is developed. The PM can assist NEO mitigation decision-making that is based on the discontinuously changing cumulative impact probability and help mitigate false alarms of NEO impact with Earth that have undermined public perception toward the veracity of predicting NEO threats. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Solar Stellar & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Remo, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Dept Solar Stellar & Planetary Sci, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jremo@cfa.harvard.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-630-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1065 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1196/annals.1370.010 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mechanics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Mechanics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BEC73 UT WOS:000236816300017 PM 16510415 ER PT S AU Samuel, TJ Edwards, D Knopf, M AF Samuel, TJ Edwards, D Knopf, M BE Diaz, AA Aktan, AE Wu, HF Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y TI Visual identification system for homeland security and law enforcement support SO Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security III CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE visual; identification; VIS; camera; homeland security; law enforcement; camera lighting; image recognition; presence sensor; image; cataloging AB This paper describes the basic configuration for a visual identification system (VIS) for Homeland Security and law enforcement support. Security and law enforcement systems with an integrated VIS will accurately and rapidly provide identification of vehicles or containers that have entered, exited or passed through a specific monitoring location. The VIS system stores all images and makes them available for recall for approximately one week. Images of alarming vehicles will be archived indefinitely as part of the alarming vehicle's or cargo container's record. Depending on user needs, the digital imaging information will be provided electronically to the individual inspectors, supervisors, and/or control center at the customer's office. The key components of the VIS are the high-resolution cameras that capture images of vehicles, lights, presence sensors, image cataloging software, and image recognition software. In addition to the cameras, the physical integration and network communications of the VIS components with the balance of the security system and client must be ensured. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Samuel, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K5-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5750-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5769 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.606663 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCO22 UT WOS:000230388400002 ER PT S AU Andersen, ES Samuel, TJ Mullen, OD AF Andersen, ES Samuel, TJ Mullen, OD BE Diaz, AA Aktan, AE Wu, HF Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y TI Straddle carrier radiation portal monitoring SO NONDESTRUCTIVE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security III CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE radiation detection; straddle carrier; seaport; mobile; weapons of mass destruction (WMD); radiation dispersal device (RDD) AB U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the primary enforcement agency protecting the nation's ports of entry. CBP is enhancing its capability to interdict the illicit import of nuclear and radiological materials and devices that may be used by terrorists. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is providing scientific and technical support to CBP in their goal to enable rapid deployment of nuclear and radiation detection systems at U. S. ports of entry to monitor 100% of the incoming international traffic and cargo while not adversely impacting the operations or throughput of the ports. The U.S. ports of entry include the following vectors: land border crossings, seaports, airports, rail crossings, and mail and express consignment courier facilities. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) determined that a screening solution was needed for Seaport cargo containers being transported by Straddle Carriers (straddle carriers). A stationary Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) for Straddle Carriers (SCRPM) is needed so that cargo containers can be scanned while in transit under a Straddle Carrier. The Straddle Carrier Portal operational impacts were minimized by conducting a time-motion study at the Port, and adaptation of a Remotely Operated RPM (RO-RPM) booth concept that uses logical lighting schemes for traffic control, cameras, Optical Character Recognition, and wireless technology. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K5-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5750-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5769 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.606664 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCO22 UT WOS:000230388400004 ER PT S AU Andersen, ES Samuel, TJ Gervais, KL AF Andersen, ES Samuel, TJ Gervais, KL BE Diaz, AA Aktan, AE Wu, HF Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y TI Portable source identification device SO Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security III CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE radiation detection; seaport; mobile; portable; COTS; weapons of mass destruction (WMD); radiation dispersal device (RDD) AB U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the primary enforcement agency protecting the nation's ports of entry. CBP is enhancing its capability to interdict the illicit import of nuclear and radiological materials and devices that may be used by terrorists. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is providing scientific and technical support to CBP in their goal to enable rapid deployment of nuclear and radiation detection systems at U. S. ports of entry to monitor 100% of the incoming international traffic and cargo while not adversely impacting the operations or throughput of the ports. As the deployment of radiation detection systems proceeds, there is a need to adapt the baseline radiation Portal monitor (RPM) system technology to operations at these diverse ports of entry. When screening produces an alarm in the primary inspection RPM, the alarming vehicle is removed from the flow of commerce and the alarm is typically confirmed in a secondary inspection RPM. The portable source identification device (PSID) is a radiation sensor panel (RSP), based on thallium-doped sodium iodide (Nal(Tl)) scintillation detector and gamma spectroscopic analysis hardware and software, mounted on a scissor lift on a small truck. The lift supports a box containing a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) sodium iodide detector that provides real-time isotopic identification, including neutron detectors to interdict Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and radiation dispersion devices (RDD). The scissor lift will lower the detectors to within a foot off the ground and raise them to approximately 24 feet (7.3 in) in the air, allowing a wide vertical scanning range. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Andersen, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K5-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5750-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5769 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.606665 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCO22 UT WOS:000230388400005 ER PT S AU Valencia, JD Burghard, BJ Skorpik, JR Silvers, KL Schwartz, MJ AF Valencia, JD Burghard, BJ Skorpik, JR Silvers, KL Schwartz, MJ BE Diaz, AA Aktan, AE Wu, HF Doctor, SR BarCohen, Y TI CREM monitoring: A wireless RF application SO NONDESTRUCTIVE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Detection and Measurement for Homeland Security III CY MAR 07-09, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Automated Removable Media Observation and Reporting (ARMOR (TM)); SecureSafe (TM); Classified Removable Electronic Media (CREM); RF communication; Central Alarm System; RF tagging; iButtons; Event Viewer; biometrics AB Recent security lapses within the Department of Energy laboratories prompted the establishment and implementation of additional procedures and training for operations involving classified removable electronic media (CREM) storage. In addition, the definition of CREM has been expanded and the number of CREM has increased significantly. Procedures now require that all CREM be inventoried and accounted for on a weekly basis. Weekly inventories consist of a physical comparison of each item against the reportable inventory listing. Securing and accounting for CREM is a continuous challenge for existing security systems. To address this challenge, an innovative framework, encompassing a suite of technologies, has been developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to monitor, track, and locate CREM in safes, vaults, and storage areas. This Automated Removable Media Observation and Reporting (ARMOR (TM)) framework, described in this paper, is an extension of an existing PNNL program, SecureSafe (TM). The key attributes of systems built around the ARMOR framework include improved accountability, reduced risk of human error, improved accuracy and timeliness of inventory data, and reduced costs. ARMOR solutions require each CREM to be tagged with a unique electronically readable ID code. Inventory data is collected from tagged CREM at regular intervals and upon detection of an access event. Automated inventory collection and report generation eliminates the need for hand-written inventory sheets and allows electronic transfer of the collected inventory data to a modem electronic reporting system. An electronic log of CREM access events is maintained, providing enhanced accountability for daily/weekly checks, routine audits, and follow-up investigations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K5-17, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5750-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5769 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.601055 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BCO22 UT WOS:000230388400007 ER PT S AU Kandrup, HE Bohn, CL Kishek, RA O'Shea, PG Reiser, M Sideris, IV AF Kandrup, HE Bohn, CL Kishek, RA O'Shea, PG Reiser, M Sideris, IV BE Gottesman, ST Buchler, JR Mahon, ME TI Chaotic collisionless evolution in galaxies and charged-particle beams SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS: IN MEMORY OF HENRY E. KANDRUP SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Astronomy and Physics CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Florida Space Grant Consortium, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Vice President Res, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory HO Univ Florida DE chaos; N-body problem; nonlinear dynamics; collisionless ID CUSPY TRIAXIAL POTENTIALS; SPACE-CHARGE; NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS; VIOLENT RELAXATION; EMITTANCE GROWTH; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; STOCHASTICITY; SIMULATIONS AB Both galaxies and charged particle beams can exhibit collisionless evolution on surprisingly short time scales. This can be attributed to the dynamics of chaotic orbits. The chaos is often triggered by resonance caused by time dependence in the bulk potential, which acts almost identically for attractive gravitational forces and repulsive electrostatic forces. The similarity suggests that many physical processes at work in galaxies, although inaccessible to direct controlled experiments, can be tested indirectly via controlled experiments with charged particle beams, such as those envisioned for the University of Maryland electron ring currently nearing completion. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bohn, CL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM clbohn@niu.edu NR 75 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-590-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1045 BP 12 EP 33 DI 10.1196/annals.1350.003 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCY09 UT WOS:000231837700002 PM 15980301 ER PT S AU Bohn, CL AF Bohn, CL BE Gottesman, ST Buchler, JR Mahon, ME TI Chaotic dynamics in charged-particle beams - Possible analogs of galactic evolution SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS: IN MEMORY OF HENRY E. KANDRUP SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Astronomy and Physics CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Florida Space Grant Consortium, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Vice President Res, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory HO Univ Florida DE chaos; N-body problem; nonlinear dynamics; collisionless; halo ID GALAXIES; SYSTEMS AB During the last couple of years of his life, Henry Kandrup became intensely interested in using charged-particle beams as a tool for exploring the dynamics of evolving galaxies. He and I recognized that both galaxies and charged-particle beams can exhibit collisionless relaxation on surprisingly short time scales, and that this circumstance can be attributed to phase mixing of chaotic orbits. The chaos is often triggered by resonances caused by time dependence in the bulk potential, which acts almost identically for attractive gravitational forces as for repulsive electrostatic forces superposed on external focusing forces. Together we published several papers concerning evolving beams and galaxies, papers that relate to diverse topics such as the physics of chaotic mixing, the applicability of the Vlasov-Poisson formalism, and the production of diffuse halos. We also teamed with people from the University of Maryland to begin designing controlled experiments to be done at the University of Maryland electron ring. This paper highlights our collaborative findings as well as plans for future investigations that the findings have motivated. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bohn, CL (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM clbohn@niu.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-590-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1045 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1196/annals.1350.004 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCY09 UT WOS:000231837700003 PM 15980302 ER PT S AU Terzic, B Pogorelov, IV AF Terzic, B Pogorelov, IV BE Gottesman, ST Buchler, JR Mahon, ME TI Wavelet-based Poisson solver for use in particle-in-cell simulations SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS: IN MEMORY OF HENRY E. KANDRUP SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Astronomy and Physics CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Florida Space Grant Consortium, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Vice President Res, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory HO Univ Florida DE multiscale dynamics; wavelets; N-body simulations; particle-in-cell method; Poisson equation ID BEAM AB We report on a successful implementation of a wavelet-based Poisson solver for use in three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Our method harnesses advantages afforded by the wavelet formulation, such as sparsity of operators and data sets, existence of effective preconditioners, and the ability simultaneously to remove numerical noise and additional compression of relevant data sets. We present and discuss preliminary results relating to the application of the new solver to test problems in accelerator physics and astrophysics. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Terzic, B (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM bterzic@nicadd.niu.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-590-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1045 BP 55 EP 67 DI 10.1196/annals.1350.006 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCY09 UT WOS:000231837700005 PM 15980304 ER PT S AU Pogorelov, IV Kandrup, HE AF Pogorelov, IV Kandrup, HE BE Gottesman, ST Buchler, JR Mahon, ME TI Energy trapping in loaded string models with long- and short-range couplings SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS: IN MEMORY OF HENRY E. KANDRUP SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Astronomy and Physics CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Florida Space Grant Consortium, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Vice President Res, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory HO Univ Florida DE Hamiltonian dynamics; long-range interactions; energy localization AB This paper illustrates the possibility, in simple loaded string models, of trapping most of the system energy in a single degree of freedom for very long times, demonstrating in particular that the robustness of the trapping is enhanced by increasing the connectance of the system, that is, the extent to which many degrees of freedom are coupled directly by the interaction Hamiltonian and/or the strength of the couplings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pogorelov, IV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, M-S 71J 100A,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ivpogorelov@lbl.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-590-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1045 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1196/annals.1350.007 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCY09 UT WOS:000231837700006 PM 15980305 ER PT S AU Hueckstaedt, RM Hunter, JH Lovelace, RVE AF Hueckstaedt, RM Hunter, JH Lovelace, RVE BE Gottesman, ST Buchler, JR Mahon, ME TI Self-gravity driven instabilities at accelerated interfaces SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS: IN MEMORY OF HENRY E. KANDRUP SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Astronomy and Physics CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Florida Space Grant Consortium, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Vice President Res, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory HO Univ Florida DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; ISM; evolution AB Nonlinear hydrodynamic flows are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM). Such flows play an important role in shaping atomic and molecular clouds and determining the initial conditions for star formation. One mechanism by which nonlinear flows arise is the onset and growth of interfacial instabilities. Any interface of discontinuous density is subject to a host of instabilities, including Rayleigh-Taylor, Kelvin-Helmholtz, and Richtmyer-Meshkov. As part of an ongoing study of structure formation in the ISM, Hunter, Whitaker, and Lovelace discovered an additional density interface instability. This instability is driven by self-gravity and termed the self-gravity interfacial instability (SGI). The SGI causes any displacement of the interface to grow on roughly a free-fall time scale, even when the perturbation wavelength is much less than the Jeans length. Numerical simulations have confirmed the expectations of linear theory, including the near scale invariance of the growth rate. Here, we build upon previous work by considering an initial condition in which the acceleration due to self-gravity is non-zero at the interface. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Hunter, JH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hunter@astro.ufl.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-590-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1045 BP 246 EP 259 DI 10.1196/annals.1350.021 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCY09 UT WOS:000231837700017 PM 15980316 ER PT S AU Habib, S Bhattacharya, T Greenbaum, B Jacobs, K Shizume, K Sundaram, B AF Habib, S Bhattacharya, T Greenbaum, B Jacobs, K Shizume, K Sundaram, B BE Gottesman, ST Buchler, JR Mahon, ME TI Chaos and quantum mechanics SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS IN ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS: IN MEMORY OF HENRY E. KANDRUP SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics in Astronomy and Physics CY NOV 04-06, 2004 CL Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL SP Florida Space Grant Consortium, Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Univ Florida, Coll Liberal Arts & Sci, Univ Florida, Off Vice President Res, Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory HO Univ Florida DE chaos; quantum mechanics ID PHASE-SPACE; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; MODEL; ENVIRONMENT; EMERGENCE; FORMALISM; COLLAPSE; FEEDBACK AB The relationship between chaos and quantum mechanics has been somewhat uneasy-even stormy, in the minds of some people. However, much of the confusion may stem from inappropriate comparisons using formal analyses. In contrast, our starting point here is that a complete dynamical description requires a full understanding of the evolution of measured systems, necessary to explain actual experimental results. This is of course true, both classically and quantum mechanically. Because the evolution of the physical state is now conditioned on measurement results, the dynamics of such systems is intrinsically nonlinear even at the level of distribution functions. Due to this feature, the physically more complete treatment reveals the existence of dynamical regimes-such as chaos-that have no direct counterpart in the linear (unobserved) case. Moreover, this treatment allows for understanding how an effective classical behavior can result from the dynamics of an observed quantum system, both at the level of trajectories as well as distribution functions. Finally, we have the striking prediction that time-series from measured quantum systems can be chaotic far from the classical regime, with Lyapunov exponents differing from their classical values. These predictions can be tested in next-generation experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Griffith Univ, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Habib, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM habib@lanl.gov RI Sundaram, Bala/A-6532-2010; Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Sundaram, Bala/0000-0002-1728-704X; Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-590-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2005 VL 1045 BP 308 EP 331 DI 10.1196/annals.1350.026 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BCY09 UT WOS:000231837700021 PM 15980320 ER PT S AU Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV BE Powers, PE TI High-efficiency intra-cavity sum-frequency-generation in a self-seeded image-rotating nanosecond optical parametric oscillator SO Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Applications IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices and Applications IV CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optics; optical parametric oscillator; intra-cavity; sum-frequency generation; image rotation; nonplanar ring oscillator ID IMPROVED BEAM QUALITY AB We have built and tested a highly efficient source of pulsed 320 nm light based on intra-cavity sum-frequency-generation in a self-injection seeded image-rotating nanosecond optical parametric oscillator. The four-mirror nonplanar ring optical cavity uses the RISTRA geometry, denoting rotated-image singly-resonant twisted rectangle. The cavity contains a type-II xz-cut KTP crystal pumped by the 532 nm second harmonic of Nd:YAG to generate an 803 nm signal and 1576 nm idler, and a type-II BBO crystal to sum-frequency mix the 532 nm pump and cavity-resonant 803 nm signal to generate 320 nm light. The cavity is configured so pump light passes first through the BBO crystal and then through the KTP crystal with the 320 nm light exiting through the output coupler following the BBO sum-frequency crystal. The cavity output coupler is designed to be a high reflector at 532 nm, have high transmission at 320 nm, and reflect approximately 85% at 803 nm. With this configuration we've obtained 1064 nm to 320 nm optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 24% and generated single-frequency lambda = 320 nm pulses with energies up to 140 mJ. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1128, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armstrong, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1128, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5684-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5710 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.589697 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCH99 UT WOS:000229384800001 ER PT S AU DeMange, P Negres, RA Radousky, HB Demos, SG AF DeMange, P Negres, RA Radousky, HB Demos, SG BE Powers, PE TI Nonlinear behavior of laser-induced damage in KDP and DKDP under multi-wavelength irradiation SO Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Applications IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion - Materials, Devices and Applications IV CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE laser-induced damage; nonlinear optical materials ID CRYSTALS; KH2PO4 AB The damage performance of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP, and its deuterated analog DKDP) crystals under multi-wavelength, simultaneous exposure to the harmonics of a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser system is of particular interest because it approximates the conditions taking place during frequency conversion. In this work, damage initiation under simultaneous exposure to two pulses at different wavelengths is investigated as a function of fluence in both KDP and DKDP. We have developed a novel damage testing, instrumentation which allows us to measure the damage pinpoint density as a function of laser parameters, including wavelength, fluence, and pulse-length. This new method enables us to carefully quantify the damage effects of both, single-wavelength and dual-wavelength pulsed irradiation. In the latter case, we measure the laser-induced damage behavior when the fluence at one wavelength is varied while the fluence of the second wavelength is kept constant. Our results suggest that the behavior of laser-induced damage initiation under simultaneous multi-wavelength irradiation is complex and crystal dependent. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP DeMange, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5684-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5710 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.592066 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BCH99 UT WOS:000229384800015 ER PT J AU Khan, S Ganguly, AR Saigal, S AF Khan, S Ganguly, AR Saigal, S TI Detection and predictive modeling of chaos in finite hydrological time series SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; CORRELATION DIMENSION; DETERMINISTIC CHAOS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; WEATHER; ATTRACTORS; PREDICTABILITY; NONLINEARITY AB The ability to detect the chaotic signal from a finite time series observation of hydrologic systems is addressed in this paper. The presence of random and seasonal components in hydrological time series, like rainfall or runoff, makes the detection process challenging. Tests with simulated data demonstrate the presence of thresholds, in terms of noise to chaotic-signal and seasonality to chaotic-signal ratios, beyond which the set of currently available tools is not able to detect the chaotic component. The investigations also indicate that the decomposition of a simulated time series into the corresponding random, seasonal and chaotic components is possible from finite data. Real stream-flow data from the Arkansas and Colorado rivers are used to validate these results. Neither of the raw time series exhibits chaos. While a chaotic component can be extracted from the Arkansas data, such a component is either not present or can not be extracted from the Colorado data. This indicates that real hydrologic data may or may not have a detectable chaotic component. The strengths and limitations of the existing set of tools for the detection and modeling of chaos are also studied. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM auroop@alum.mit.edu NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910QE UT WOS:000227946100005 ER PT J AU Pickett, JS Chen, LJ Kahler, SW Santolik, O Goldstein, ML Lavraud, B Decreau, PME Kessel, R Lucek, E Lakhina, GS Tsurutani, BT Gurnett, DA Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N Fazakerley, A Reme, H Balogh, A AF Pickett, JS Chen, LJ Kahler, SW Santolik, O Goldstein, ML Lavraud, B Decreau, PME Kessel, R Lucek, E Lakhina, GS Tsurutani, BT Gurnett, DA Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N Fazakerley, A Reme, H Balogh, A TI On the generation of solitary waves observed by Cluster in the near-Earth magnetosheath SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOW SHOCK; LION ROARS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ELECTROSTATIC NOISE; UNUSUAL LOCATIONS; AURORAL-ZONE; POLAR; INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOPAUSE; SPACECRAFT AB Through case studies involving Cluster waveform observations, solitary waves in the form of bipolar and tripolar pulses have recently been found to be quite abundant in the near-Earth dayside magnetosheath. We expand on the results of those previous studies by examining the distribution of solitary waves from the bow shock to the magnetopause using Cluster waveform data. Cluster's orbit allows for the measurement of solitary waves in the magnetosheath from about 10 R(E) to 19.5 R(E). Our results clearly show that within the magnetosheath, solitary waves are likely to be observed at any distance from the bow shock and that this distance has no dependence on the time durations and amplitudes of the solitary waves. In addition we have found that these same two quantities show no dependence on either the ion velocity or the angle between the ion velocity and the local magnetic field direction. These results point to the conclusion that the solitary waves are probably created locally in the magnetosheath at multiple locations, and that the generation mechanism is most likely not solely related to ion dynamics, if at all. To gain insight into a possible local generation mechanism, we have examined the electron differential energy flux characteristics parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, as well as the local electron plasma and cyclotron frequencies and the type of bow shock that Cluster is behind, for several time intervals where solitary waves were observed in the magnetosheath. We have found that solitary waves are most likely to be observed when there are counterstreaming (similar to parallel and anti-parallel to the magnetic field) electrons at or below about 100 eV. However, there are times when these counterstreaming electrons are present when solitary waves are not. During these times the background magnetic field strength is usually very low (< 10nT), implying that the amplitudes of the solitary waves, if present, would be near or below those of other waves and electrostatic fluctuations in this region making it impossible to isolate or clearly distinguish them from these other emissions in the waveform data. Based on these results, we have concluded that some of the near-Earth magnetosheath solitary waves, perhaps in the form of electron phase-space holes, may be generated locally by a two-stream instability involving electrons based on the counterstreaming electrons that are often observed when solitary waves are present. We have not ruled out the possibility that the solitary waves could be generated as a result of the lower-hybrid Buneman instability in the presence of an electron beam, through the electron acoustic mode or through processes involving turbulence, which is almost always present in the magnetosheath, but these will be examined in a more comprehensive study in the future. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. LPCE, Orleans, France. Univ Orleans, Orleans, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. UVSQ, CETP, Velizy Villacoublay, France. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. CESR, F-32018 Toulouse, France. RP Pickett, JS (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM pickett@uiowa.edu RI Chen, Li-Jen/C-2106-2012; Lakhina, Gurbax /C-9295-2012; Goldstein, Melvyn/B-1724-2008; Santolik, Ondrej/F-7766-2014; OI Lakhina, Gurbax /0000-0002-8956-486X NR 44 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 181 EP 193 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910QG UT WOS:000227946300004 ER PT J AU Majumder, CAH Belanger, E DeRosier, S Yuen, DA Vincent, AP AF Majumder, CAH Belanger, E DeRosier, S Yuen, DA Vincent, AP TI Data assimilation for plume models SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL KINETIC SYSTEMS; THERMAL-CONVECTION; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MANTLE; FLOW; WATER; PREDICTABILITY; TOMOGRAPHY AB We use a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-VAR) algorithm to observe the growth of 2-D plumes from a point heat source. In order to test the predictability of the 4D-VAR technique for 2-D plumes, we perturb the initial conditions and compare the resulting predictions to the predictions given by a direct numerical simulation (DNS) without any 4D-VAR correction. We have studied plumes in fluids with Rayleigh numbers between 106 and 10(7) and Prandtl numbers between 0.7 and 70, and we find the quality of the prediction to have a definite dependence on both the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. As the Rayleigh number is increased, so is the quality of the prediction, due to an increase of the inertial effects in the adjoint equations for momentum and energy. The horizon predictability time, or how far into the future the 4D-VAR method can predict, decreases as Rayleigh number increases. The quality Of the prediction is decreased as Prandd number increases, however. Quality also decreases with increased prediction time. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Computat Phys Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Majumder, CAH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Computat Phys Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cathy@msi.umn.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2005 VL 12 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910QG UT WOS:000227946300011 ER PT J AU Jakobson, E Ohvril, H Okulov, O Laulainen, N AF Jakobson, E Ohvril, H Okulov, O Laulainen, N TI Variability of radiosonde-observed precipitable water in the Baltic region SO NORDIC HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Study Conference on BALTEX CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Gudhjem, DENMARK DE precipitable water vapour; radiosounding; water equivalent ID TEMPERATURE; VAPOR; ESTONIA; EUROPE AB The total mass of columnar water vapour (precipitable water, W) is an important parameter of atmospheric thermodynamic and radiative models. In this work more than 60 000 radiosonde observations from 17 aerological stations in the Baltic region over 14 years, 1989 - 2002, were used to examine the variability of precipitable water. A table of monthly and annual means of W for the stations is given. Seasonal means of Ware expressed as linear functions of the geographical latitude degree. A linear formula is also derived for parametrisation of precipitable water as a function of two parameters - geographical latitude and surface water vapour pressure. C1 Univ Tartu, Inst Environm Phys, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. Tartu Astrophys Observ, Tartu, Estonia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ohvril, H (reprint author), Univ Tartu, Inst Environm Phys, Ulikooli 18, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. EM hanno.ohvril@ut.ee RI Jakobson, Erko/G-8660-2012 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0029-1277 J9 NORD HYDROL JI Nord. Hydrol. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4-5 BP 423 EP 433 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 992HP UT WOS:000233875300011 ER PT J AU Reich, CW AF Reich, CW TI Nuclear data sheets for A=155 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; INTRINSIC REFLECTION ASYMMETRY; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; PROTON TRANSFER-REACTIONS; DES NIVEAUX EXCITES; LASER ION-SOURCE; ODD-MASS NUCLEI AB This work represents an update of the previous evaluation of the nuclear data on the A=155 nuclides (1994 Re10). The experimental data from reaction and decay studied leading to theme nuclides have been reviewed. The elements included range from Ce (Z=5S) through Ta (Z=73). These data are summarized and presented, together with the adopted level schemes and properties. In addition, data on the gas properties of those A=159 nuclides whose alpha decays lead to final states in the A=155 nuclides have been reconsidered. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reich, CW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 365 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JAN PY 2005 VL 104 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1016/j/nds.2004.12.001 PG 281 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 887UA UT WOS:000226329800001 ER PT S AU Bonneau, L Quentin, P AF Bonneau, L Quentin, P BE Goutte, H Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D TI Microscopic calculations of potential energy surfaces: fission and fusion properties SO Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA/DAM, CEA/DSM, CEA, ILL, GANIL, Reg Provence Alpes Cote Azur DE self-consitent microscopic approach; potential energy surface; fission barrier; most probable fragmentation; fusion barrier ID NUCLEAR-FISSION; BARRIERS; MASS AB Various valleys of the deformation potential energy surface relevant to fission and fusion processes have been investigated within the same Skyrme-Hartree-Fock plus BCS microscopic model in the A = 70 and A > 220 mass regions. The available experimental fission barrier heights of actinides are reproduced within a rms error of 1.5 MeV whereas the conditional barriers of the considered light nucleus are overestimated by about 10 MeV. The fission paths describing the descent from saddle to scission have been found consistent with the results obtained with the Gogny force used in the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov approach and in agreement with the experimental mass distributions. In general, the valleys corresponding to very asymmetric separated shapes (close to the Pb plus light partner configuration) are in agreement with the most favorable target-projectile combinations in cold fusion reactions experimentally used to form such compound nuclei. The deduced fusion barrier heights have been found about 10 MeV lower than those obtained within the Extended Thomas Fermi model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bonneau, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0288-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 798 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDO09 UT WOS:000234541000012 ER PT S AU Carjan, N Talou, P Strottman, D Serot, O Goutte, H AF Carjan, N Talou, P Strottman, D Serot, O Goutte, H BE Goutte, H Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D TI Sudden emission of nucleons at scission SO Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA/DAM, CEA/DSM, CEA, ILL, GANIL, Reg Provence Alpes Cote Azur DE fission dynamics; scission protons and neutrons ID FISSION AB At a certain finite neck radius during the descent of a fissioning nucleus from the saddle to the scission point, the attractive nuclear forces can no more withstand the repulsive Coulomb forces producing the neck rupture and the sudden absorption of the neck stubs by the fragments. At that moment the nucleons, although still characterized by their pre-scission wave functions, find themselves in the newly created potential of their interaction with the separated fragments. Their wave functions become wave packets with components in the continuum. The probability to populate such states gives evidently the emission probability of nucleons at scission. In this way we have studied scission neutrons and protons for the fissioning nucleus U-236, using two-dimensional realistic nuclear shapes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carjan, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0288-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 798 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDO09 UT WOS:000234541000018 ER PT S AU AlMahamid, I Shaughnessy, DA Sudowe, R AF AlMahamid, I Shaughnessy, DA Sudowe, R BE Goutte, H Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D TI Disposition of legacy materials at LBNL and reuse of valuable items in target preparation SO Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA/DAM, CEA/DSM, CEA, ILL, GANIL, Reg Provence Alpes Cote Azur DE legacy materials; LBNL; transmutation; electroplating AB One of the most demanding missions of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) is to manage the radioactive waste. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) gets its share of radioactive materials and waste but at a much smaller scale than other national labs. Disposition of legacy materials at LBNL includes characterization and purification, reuse of valuable materials, and submitting waste items in accordance with federal and state regulations. During the clean up of legacy materials at LBNL, several items were identified for use in collaboration with the CEA/DSM under the Mini-Inca program to perform transmutation studies. Cm and Np targets were prepared using an electroplating technique. Additional targets of Pu, Am, and Cf are planned for the next set of experiments. An overview of the clean up operation of two facilities will be given. An outline of items assigned to the collaboration and a brief description of the target preparation and electrodeposition set-up will be provided. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP AlMahamid, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0288-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 798 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDO09 UT WOS:000234541000023 ER PT S AU Chadwick, MB Young, PG MacFarlane, RE Talou, P Kawano, T AF Chadwick, MB Young, PG MacFarlane, RE Talou, P Kawano, T BE Goutte, H Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D TI Fission modeling, data evaluation, and integral data testing at Los alamos SO Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA/DAM, CEA/DSM, CEA, ILL, GANIL, Reg Provence Alpes Cote Azur ID U-238 AB We describe recent nuclear model calculations and evaluations of neutron reactions on actinides in the forthcoming ENDF/B-VII US nuclear data library, with particular attention to the uranium isotopes U232-241 in the keV - 30 MeV energy range. This work makes use of extensive sets of measurements for fission, elastic, inelastic, (n, xn) and capture, as well as fission probability data. Nuclear reaction model calculations were performed for the whole suite of uranium isotopes to allow us to take advantage of the systematical properties from isotope-to-isotope, which is especially useful for nuclides where few measurements exist. In addition to improving the neutron cross sections and energy-angle distributions, new prompt fission neutron spectra and prompt/delayed neutron multiplicity evaluations are included for several isotopes. We also give some examples of integral data testing using MCNP simulations of critical assemblies, for both k-eff calculations and fission, n2n, and capture reaction rate calculations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, PADNWP Program Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PADNWP Program Off, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0288-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 798 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDO09 UT WOS:000234541000024 ER PT S AU Lemaire, S Talou, P Kawano, T Chadwick, MB Madland, DG AF Lemaire, S Talou, P Kawano, T Chadwick, MB Madland, DG BE Goutte, H Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D TI Influence of fission fragment excitation energy on prompt fission neutron observables SO Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA/DAM, CEA/DSM, CEA, ILL, GANIL, Reg Provence Alpes Cote Azur DE neutron induced fission; spontaneous fission; fragment excitation energy; neutron multiplicity; neutron energy; total excitation energy; fission; prompt fission neutron spectrum; correlations ID MULTIPLICITIES; CF-252; U-235 AB We have implemented a Monte-Carlo simulation of the statistical decay of fission fragments by sequential neutron emission. In this presentation, we report on some numerical results obtained for the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 and neutron-induced fission of U-235 at 0.53 MeV neutron energy, and compare them to the results of the Los Alamos model for the calculation of the average number of prompt fission neutrons P and the prompt fission neutrons spectrum N(E). Within this approach, we also calculate neutron multiplicity distributions P(v) as well as neutron-neutron correlations such as the full matrix (v) over bar (A, TKE). Two assumptions for partitioning the total available excitation energy among the light and heavy fragments are considered. The influence of the fission fragments excitation energy for low total kinetic energies on prompt neutron energy spectrum, multiplicity distributions and (v) over bar (A, TKE) is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lemaire, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0288-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 798 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDO09 UT WOS:000234541000030 ER PT S AU Bonneau, L Quentin, P Mikhailov, IN AF Bonneau, L Quentin, P Mikhailov, IN BE Goutte, H Faust, H Fioni, G Goutte, D TI Scission configurations and the spin of fission fragments SO NUCLEAR FISSION AND FISSION-PRODUCT SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Product Spectroscopy CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP CEA/DAM, CEA/DSM, CEA, ILL, GANIL, Reg Provence Alpes Cote Azur DE scission; fission fragments; angular momentum ID NUCLEI; CF-252; POINT AB After a brief presentation of the orientation pumping mechanism as a mean to generate finite average angular momenta in oriented systems, some consequences are drawn for the spin of fission fragments. Through a crude model approximation for the scission configurations, the results of microscopic calculations of fragment deformabilities are then used to deduce from the above mechanism, a distribution of fission fragment spins as a function of the total fragment excitation energy. A fair qualitative agreement with available data is demonstrated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bonneau@lanl.gov; quentin@cenbg.in2p3.fr NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0288-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 798 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BDO09 UT WOS:000234541000041 ER PT J AU Wong, KL Heidbrink, WW Ruskov, E Petty, CC Greenfield, CM Nazikian, R Budny, R AF Wong, KL Heidbrink, WW Ruskov, E Petty, CC Greenfield, CM Nazikian, R Budny, R TI Internal transport barrier driven by redistribution of energetic ions SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ALPHA-PARAMETERS; TFTR; PLASMAS; INSTABILITIES; PARTICLES; WAVES AB Alfven instabilities excited by energetic ions are used as a means to reduce the central magnetic shear in a tokamak via redistribution of energetic ions. When the central magnetic shear is low enough, ballooning modes become stable for any plasma pressure gradient and an internal transport barrier (ITB) with a steep pressure gradient can exist. This mechanism can sustain a steady-state ITB as demonstrated by experimental data from the DIII-D tokamak. It can also produce a shear in toroidal and poloidal plasma rotation. Possible application of this technique to use the energetic a particles for improvement of burning plasma performance is discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JAN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/45/1/004 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 894ST UT WOS:000226812600005 ER PT J AU Kesselman, M AF Kesselman, M TI Digitally compensated beam current transformer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE current transformers; beam current monitor; droop compensation; beam diagnostics AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is being built by a collaboration of six laboratories. Beam current monitors (BCMs) will be used to record the current of H-minus and H-phis beams ranging from 15 mA (tune-up ill the Front End and Linac) to over 60A fully accumulated in the Ring and dumped to the load as a single pulse in the Ring to Beam Target (RTBT). The time structure of these beams ranges from 645 ns "mini" bunches at the 1.05 MHz ring revolution rate, to an overall I ins long macro-pulse. The requirements for the BCMs will depend upon their location within the system. The need to measure individual mini-pulses, examine the characteristics of the chopper edge, as well as the longer average current pulse of the macropulse, or long duration pulses during Linac tuning place wide requirements upon the response of current transformers. To obtain the desired accuracy and resolution, current transformers must have <1 ns rise time and droops of 0.1%/ms. This places a significant design burden on the Current transformer; such a design is almost impossible to achieve. Extremely large expensive cores are needed to meet the low droop, while leakage inductance increases with size, thereby reducing the achievable rise time. In this paper, I discuss a digital compensation approach [M. Kesselman, Spallation neutron Source beam current monitor electronics, PAC2001 June 18-22, 2001 Chicago, IL.] that extends the lower cut-off frequency Of the Current transformer, optimized for high frequency response, so that it can be used in this application with improvements in droop of the order of 1000:1. Transformer saturation (current-time product) is a separate issue and the transformer must be designed to handle the current-time product of the signal to assure it does not saturate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kesselman, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kesselman@bnl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.284 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 886HU UT WOS:000226218300003 ER PT J AU Arnold, R Augier, C Bakalyarov, AM Baker, J Barabash, A Bernaudin, P Bouchel, M Brudanin, V Caffrey, A Cailleret, J Campagne, JE Dassie, D Egorov, V Errahmane, K Etienvre, AI Filipova, T Forget, J Guiral, A Guiral, P Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Humbert, B Igersheim, R Imbert, P Jollet, C Jullian, S Kisel, I Klimenko, A Kochetov, O Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Laplanche, F Lavigne, B Lebedev, VI Lebris, J Leccia, F Leconte, A Linck, I Longuemare, C Marquet, C Martin-Chassard, G Mauger, F Nemchenok, I Nikolic-Audit, I Ohsumi, H Pecourt, S Piquemal, F Reyss, JL Richard, A Riddle, CL Rypko, J Sarazin, X Simard, L Scheibling, F Shitov, Y Smolnikov, A Stekl, I Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Tretyak, V Umatov, V Vala, L Vanushin, I Vasiliev, S Vasilyev, V Vorobel, V Vylov, T Wurtz, J Zhukov, SV AF Arnold, R Augier, C Bakalyarov, AM Baker, J Barabash, A Bernaudin, P Bouchel, M Brudanin, V Caffrey, A Cailleret, J Campagne, JE Dassie, D Egorov, V Errahmane, K Etienvre, AI Filipova, T Forget, J Guiral, A Guiral, P Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Humbert, B Igersheim, R Imbert, P Jollet, C Jullian, S Kisel, I Klimenko, A Kochetov, O Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Laplanche, F Lavigne, B Lebedev, VI Lebris, J Leccia, F Leconte, A Linck, I Longuemare, C Marquet, C Martin-Chassard, G Mauger, F Nemchenok, I Nikolic-Audit, I Ohsumi, H Pecourt, S Piquemal, F Reyss, JL Richard, A Riddle, CL Rypko, J Sarazin, X Simard, L Scheibling, F Shitov, Y Smolnikov, A Stekl, I Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Tretyak, V Umatov, V Vala, L Vanushin, I Vasiliev, S Vasilyev, V Vorobel, V Vylov, T Wurtz, J Zhukov, SV TI Technical design and performance of the NEMO 3 detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE NEMO; double beta decay; neutrino; majorana; tracking detector; calorimeter ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; HALF-LIFE; SAMPLES; TE-130 AB The development of the Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory (NEMOsimilar to3) detector, which is now running in the Frejus Underground Laboratory (L.S.M. Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane), was begun more than ten years ago. The NEMO 3 detector uses a tracking-calorimeter technique in order to investigate double beta decay processes for several isotopes. The technical description of the detector is followed by the presentation of its performance. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, LAL, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia. JINR, Dubna 141980, Russia. CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, F-33170 Gradignan, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33170 Gradignan, France. RAS, INR, Moscow 117312, Russia. CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Caen, F-14032 Caen, France. CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-14032 Caen, France. Saga Univ, Saga 8408502, Japan. CNRS, LSCE, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Czech Tech Univ, Prague, Czech Republic. MCH, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Augier, C (reprint author), CNRS, LAL, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM augier@lal.in2p3.fr RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009; humbert, bernard/K-4696-2015; Vala, Ladislav/L-4938-2016; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016; OI wurtz, jacques/0000-0001-8401-7210; Riddle, Catherine/0000-0002-9667-7707 NR 27 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.194 PG 44 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 886HU UT WOS:000226218300008 ER PT J AU Nakamoto, T Fukazawa, Y Ohsugi, T Kamae, T Kataoka, J AF Nakamoto, T Fukazawa, Y Ohsugi, T Kamae, T Kataoka, J TI BGO readout with photodiodes as a soft gamma-ray detector at -30 degrees C SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE BGO scintillator; photodiode; avalanche photodiode; gamma-ray detector ID AREA AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; SCINTILLATION DETECTION; ENERGY RESOLUTION; X-RAYS AB BGO is expected to be plausible devices for soft gamma-ray detectors, because of a high detection efficiency for soft gamma-rays. Here we report on the good performance of BGO readout with PIN-photodiode or avalanche photodiode as a soft gamma-ray detector. We confirmed that the signal output of BGO becomes comparable to that of GSO when it is readout with photodiodes due to better matching between emission wavelength of BGO and quantum efficiency of photodiode. The energy resolution of 6.2% and 3.4% for 662 and 1836 keV, respectively, gamma-rays at -30degreesC is obtained with the combination of the 5 x 5 x 5 mm(3) cube BGO and the Hamamatsu avalanche photodiode (APD) S8664-55. In this combination, the lowest detectable energy is found to be similar to10 keV. These performances are better than that obtained with Photomultiplier tube (PMT), and our results increase many possible applications of BGO readout with photodiodes as soft gamma-ray detectors. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Fukazawa, Y (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. EM fukazawa@hirax6.hepl.hiroshima-u.ac.jp NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.209 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 886HU UT WOS:000226218300011 ER PT J AU Muhrer, G Pitcher, E Russell, GJ AF Muhrer, G Pitcher, E Russell, GJ TI The neutron performance of a pre-moderated beryllium reflector-filter hydrogen moderator system for the Manuel Jr.Lujan Neutron Science Center SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB The Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center (Lujan Center) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory produces currently the highest time-averaged cold source brightness of any pulsed neutron scattering facility in the world, and efforts are underway to increase this even further. Part of these efforts is to boost the long-wavelength (>5 Angstrom) source brightness of the lower-tier hydrogen moderator by a factor of two. Of the many concepts that were evaluated for boosting cold source brightness, three proved to be sufficiently beneficial to recommend they be implemented in the next target system. These are: a light water flux-trap premoderator, a light water perimeter premoderator, and a cold (77 K) Be reflector-filter. A detailed study of the Monte Carlo simulations for these concepts is presented in this paper. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muhrer, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12, Mailstop H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM muhrer@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.201 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 886HU UT WOS:000226218300013 ER PT J AU Hallbeck, S Caruso, AN Adenwalla, S Brand, J Byun, DJ Jiang, HX Lin, JY Losovyj, YB Lundstedt, C McIlroy, DN Pitts, WK Robertson, BW Dowben, PA AF Hallbeck, S Caruso, AN Adenwalla, S Brand, J Byun, DJ Jiang, HX Lin, JY Losovyj, YB Lundstedt, C McIlroy, DN Pitts, WK Robertson, BW Dowben, PA TI Comment on "Spectral identification of thin film coated and solid form semiconductor neutron detectors" by McGregor and Shultis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Letter DE diodes; neutron detection; semiconductor detector; electron spectroscopy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HETEROJUNCTION DIODES; BORON PHOSPHIDE; SILICON; NICKEL; ADSORPTION; BANDS AB We comment on some of the inferences and conclusions outlined by McGregor and Shultis [1]. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys 262, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Bruce Lab 116, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Coll Engn & Technol, Walter Scott Engn Ctr N104, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66606 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow 838440903, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Caruso, AN (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys 262, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 880111, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM acaruso1@bigred.unl.edu RI Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011; OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292; Hallbeck, Susan/0000-0002-1669-8058 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.210 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 886HU UT WOS:000226218300021 ER PT J AU Tucker, OJ Ivanov, DS Zhigilei, LV Johnson, RE Bringa, EM AF Tucker, OJ Ivanov, DS Zhigilei, LV Johnson, RE Bringa, EM TI Molecular dynamics simulation of sputtering from a cylindrical track: EAM versus pair potentials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn ID NONEQUILIBRIUM ENERGY-TRANSPORT; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL SPIKES; YIELDS; MODELS AB Molecular dynamics simulations implementing the thermal spike model for sputtering by energetic particle bombardment are performed for a gold target represented with a many-body embedded atom method (EAM) potential. A linear dependence of sputtering yield on the effective energy deposition is observed over a broad range of sufficiently high excitation energies, suggesting that the conclusions of earlier simulations performed with pair potentials have a general character and are not sensitive to the choice of interatomic potential. At the same time, significant differences in cluster ejection are observed between the simulations performed with EAM and pair potentials. Clusters constitute a much larger fraction of the total yield in the EAM simulations, which is related to the environmental dependence of the interatomic interaction in metals that is correctly reproduced by EAM potential. An apparent disagreement between the analytical thermal spike model and its implementation in MD simulations cannot be attributed to the choice of interatomic potential but reflects a difference in the ejection mechanisms. Thermally activated evaporation from the surface is assumed in the analytical thermal spike model, whereas prompt ejection from a relatively deep part of the excited region and fast non-diffusive cooling of the spike region takes place in MID simulations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zhigilei, LV (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 Engn Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM lz2n@virginia.edu RI Bringa, Eduardo/F-8918-2011; Zhigilei, Leonid/E-2167-2012 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.040 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800028 ER PT J AU Arevalo, C Caturla, MJ Perlado, JM AF Arevalo, C Caturla, MJ Perlado, JM TI Long-term behaviour of irradiated hcp Zr using Monte Carlo simulations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn DE zirconium; kinetic Monte Carlo; diffusion ID ALPHA-ZIRCONIUM; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DEFECT; NB AB Kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) modelling has been used to study the diffusion of defects produced under irradiation in alpha-zirconiun. Database of displacement cascades created by recoils from 10 to 25 keV obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used as initial damage state in the metal. These cascades have been annealed for times of hours at a fixed temperature of 600K. The number of freely migrating defects, the recombination ratio between vacancies and interstitials, the surviving defects in the bulk as well as the average cluster size for these remaining defects have been obtained. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid, Spain. Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Arevalo, C (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain. EM cristina@denim.upm.es RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.042 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800030 ER PT J AU Posselt, M Gao, F Zwicker, D AF Posselt, M Gao, F Zwicker, D TI Migration of di- and tri-interstitials in silicon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn DE defects; diffusion; silicon; computer simulations ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; SI; CLUSTERS; DEFECTS AB A comprehensive study on the migration of di- and tri-interstitials in silicon is performed using classical molecular dynamics simulations with the Stillinger-Weber potential. The initial di- and tri-interstitial configurations with the lowest formation energies are determined, and then, the defect migration is investigated for temperatures between 800 and 1600 K. The defect diffusivity and the self-diffusion coefficient per defect are calculated. Compared to the mono-interstitial, the di-interstitial migrates faster, whereas the tri-interstitial diffuses slower. The migration mechanism of the di-interstitial shows a pronounced dependence on the temperature. Like in the case of the mono-interstitial, the mobility of the di-interstitial is higher than the mobility of the lattice atoms during the defect diffusion. On the other hand, the tri-interstitial mobility is lower than the corresponding atomic mobility. The implications of the present results for the analysis of experimental data on defect evolution and migration are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Posselt, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, POB 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. EM m.posselt@fz-rossendorf.de RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.046 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800035 ER PT J AU Uberuaga, BP Smith, R Cleave, AR Henkelman, G Grimes, RW Voter, AF Sickafus, KE AF Uberuaga, BP Smith, R Cleave, AR Henkelman, G Grimes, RW Voter, AF Sickafus, KE TI Exploring long-time response to radiation damage in MgO SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn DE MgO; radiation damage; molecular dynamics; accelerated molecular dynamics; temperature accelerated dynamics; molecular statics; density functional theory; interstitial clusters; defect mobility ID FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; OXIDES; CERAMICS; HELIUM AB Using a variety of computational modeling and simulation methods, we examine the production and long-time evolution of damage created in irradiated MgO. We find that the damage produced in low energy (order 1 keV) collision cascades typically consists of point defects and small defect clusters. Over long times, interstitials annihilate with vacancies and aggregate with other interstitials, forming larger clusters that exhibit surprising behavior. For example, a sixatom interstitial cluster is found to have extremely high mobility. The implications of highly-mobile large clusters are explored via a rate theory model and comparison to other materials. We conclude that successful modeling of radiation damage evolution in MgO requires explicit treatment of large interstitial clusters. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mailstop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blas@lanl.gov RI Henkelman, Graeme/A-9301-2008; Smith, Roger/C-2550-2013 OI Henkelman, Graeme/0000-0002-0336-7153; NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 260 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.055 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800044 ER PT J AU Corrales, LR Chartier, A Devanathan, R AF Corrales, LR Chartier, A Devanathan, R TI Excess kinetic energy dissipation in materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; SURFACE; METALS; SPIKES; DAMAGE AB Molecular dynamics computer simulations are used to study the differences in the evolution of excess kinetic energy due to 1 keV Zr and Cu PKAs in zircon and copper, respectively. The effects of thermostats employed to remove kinetic energy from the boundary layers of the systems are characterized and compared to the case where kinetic energy is not removed from the system. Distinct differences are seen between the zircon and copper systems owing to the differences in physical properties that control kinetic energy dissipation in materials. The rate at which energy dissipates in each system results in different responses to the boundary layer thermostats compared in this study. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CEA Saclay, Ctr Etud Saclay, DEN,DPC, SCP,LM2T, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,902 Batelle Blvd,MS K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.056 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800045 ER PT J AU Gao, F Devanathan, R Zhang, Y Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Devanathan, R Zhang, Y Weber, WJ TI Annealing simulations of nano-sized amorphous structures in SiC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn DE defects; amorphous layer; annealing simulations; silicon carbide ID SILICON-CARBIDE; AMORPHIZATION; IRRADIATION; BEHAVIOR; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DAMAGE AB A two-dimensional model of a nano-sized amorphous layer embedded in a perfect crystal has been developed, and the amorphous-to-crystalline (a-c) transition in 3C-SiC at 2000 K has been studied using molecular dynamics methods, with simulation times of up to 88ns. Analysis of the a-c interfaces reveals that the recovery of the bond defects existing at the a-c interfaces plays an important role in recrystallization. During the recrystallization process, a second ordered phase, crystalline 2H-SiC, nucleates and grows, and this phase is stable for long simulation times. The crystallization mechanism is a two-step process that is separated by a longer period of second-phase stability. The kink sites formed at the interfaces between 2H- and 3C-SiC provide a low energy path for 2H-SiC atoms to transfer to 3C-SiC atoms, a process which can be defined as a solid-phase epitaxial transformation (SPET). It is observed that the nano-sized amorphous structure can be fully recrystallized at 2000K in SiC, which is in agreement with experimental observations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.057 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800046 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Weber, WJ AF Heinisch, HL Weber, WJ TI Computational model of alpha-decay damage accumulation in zircon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn DE zircon; radiation damage; amorphization; computer simulations ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ANNEALING SIMULATION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; CERAMICS AB Atomic-scale computer simulations are used to study defect accumulation and amorphization due to alpha decay in zircon (ZrSiO4). The displacement cascades, which represent U-234 recoil nuclei from alpha decay of Pu-238 in zircon, are generated using a crystalline binary collision model. The stochastic production of defects in the crystal lattice, recombination of defects, and the identification of amorphous regions are followed within the framework of a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. Within the model, amorphous regions are identified as those having a critical density of Zr vacancies. The simulation predicts the interstitial content and amorphous fraction as functions of dose that are consistent with experimental data at 300 K for Pu-238-doped zircon, which indicates that the simulation model for behavior in zircon at 300 K is reasonable. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-93,POB 999,3335 Q St, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bill.weber@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 293 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.059 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800048 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Corrales, LR Weber, WJ Chartier, A Meis, C AF Devanathan, R Corrales, LR Weber, WJ Chartier, A Meis, C TI Molecular dynamics simulation of defect production in collision cascades in zircon SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Computer Simulation of Radiation Effects in Solids CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Acad Finland, Univ Helsinki, Vilho, Yrjo & Kalle Vaisala Fdn, Magnus Ehrnrooth Fdn DE zircon; radiation effects; defects; computer simulation ID DAMAGE AB Defect production in collision cascades in zircon has been examined by molecular dynamics simulations using a partial charge model combined with the Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark potential. U, Zr, Si and O recoils with energies ranging from 250 eV to 5 keV were simulated in the NVE ensemble. To obtain good statistics, 5-10 cascades in randomly chosen directions were simulated for each ion and energy. The damage consists of mainly Si and O Frenkel pairs, a smaller number of Zr Frenkel pairs, and Zr on Si antisite defects. Defect production, interstitial clustering, ion beam mixing and Si-O-Si polymerization increase with PKA mass and energy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 NR 10 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.060 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 892SH UT WOS:000226669800049 ER PT J AU Potylitsyn, A Naumenko, G Aryshev, A Fukui, Y Cline, D Zhou, F Ross, M Bolton, P Urakawa, J Muto, T Tobiyama, M Hamatsu, R Karataev, P AF Potylitsyn, A Naumenko, G Aryshev, A Fukui, Y Cline, D Zhou, F Ross, M Bolton, P Urakawa, J Muto, T Tobiyama, M Hamatsu, R Karataev, P TI Coherent radiation recoil effect for the optical diffraction radiation beam size monitor at SLAC FFTB SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE diffraction radiation; coherent radiation; electron beams; diagnostics ID TRANSITION RADIATION; ELECTRON BUNCH; SCATTERING AB A short electron bunch with length (T passing through a slit in the diffraction radiation (DR) target generates radiation with a broad spectrum. Optical part of the spectrum (incoherent radiation) may be used for beam size measurements, but in the wavelength range lambda greater than or equal to sigma a radiation becomes coherent. The coherent DR spectrum per each electron in a bunch is equal to single electron spectrum times by the number of electrons in a bunch N-c and bunch form factor. For SLAC FFTB conditions (N-c similar to 10(,)(10) sigma = 0.7 mm, outer target size R similar to 10 mm, slit width h similar to 0.1 mm) we approximated coherent DR (CDR) spectrum by coherent transition radiation JR) one because in the wavelength region lambda similar to sigma much greater than h TR and DR spectra coincide with high accuracy. Changing the DR target by a TR target with projection on the plane perpendicular to electron beam as a circle with radius R less than or equal to 20 mm we calculated CDR spectra using simple model. \ Knowing the CDR spectrum we estimated the energy CDR emitting by each electron in the perpendicular direction (due to target inclination angle 45degrees). It means an electron receives the radiation recoil in this direction. In other words, electron has a transverse kick about 1 murad that may be considered as permissible. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tomsk Polytech Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Tomsk 634034, Russia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94505 USA. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Organizat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3000801, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RP Potylitsyn, A (reprint author), Tomsk Polytech Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Lenin Ave 30, Tomsk 634034, Russia. EM pap@phtd.tpu.edu.ru RI urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Aryshev, Alexander/J-4054-2016; Karataev, Pavel/O-5440-2015 OI Aryshev, Alexander/0000-0002-0890-4640; Karataev, Pavel/0000-0002-1961-3793 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.06.016 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 878YI UT WOS:000225683100023 ER PT J AU Sangyuenyongpipat, S Vilaithong, T Yu, LD Verdaguer, A Ratera, I Ogletree, DF Monteiro, OR Brown, IG AF Sangyuenyongpipat, S Vilaithong, T Yu, LD Verdaguer, A Ratera, I Ogletree, DF Monteiro, OR Brown, IG TI Metal ion bombardment of onion skin cell wall SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE ion bombardment; microcrater; cell wall; onion skin ID BEAM; IMPLANTATION; SIMULATIONS AB Ion bombardment of living cellular material is a novel subfield of ion beam surface modification that is receiving growing attention from the ion beam and biological communities. Although it has been demonstrated that the technique is sound, in that an adequate fraction of the living cells can survive both the vacuum environment and energetic ion bombardment, there remains much uncertainty about the process details. Here we report on our observations of onion skin cells that were subjected to ion implantation, and propose some possible physical models that tend to support the experimental results. The ion beams used were metallic (Mg, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu), mean ion energy was typically 30keV. and the implantation fluence was in the range 10(14)-10(16) ions/cm(2). The cells were viewed using Atomic Force Microscopy, revealing the formation of microcrater-like structures due to ion bombardment. The implantation depth profile was measured with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and compared to the results of the TRIM, T-DYN and PROFILE computer codes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sangyuenyongpipat, S (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM somjai@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th RI Verdaguer, Albert/A-4303-2008; Ratera, Imma/E-2353-2014; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Verdaguer, Albert/0000-0002-4855-821X; Ratera, Imma/0000-0002-1464-9789; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 227 IS 3 BP 289 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.09.004 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 880VF UT WOS:000225817100007 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Weber, WJ AF Jiang, W Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Weber, WJ TI Erratum to: "Carbon analysis using energetic ion beams" (vol 222, pg 538, 2004) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Correction ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING C1 Pacific NW Nalt Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Nalt Lab, MSIN K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 227 IS 3 BP 450 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.083 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 880VF UT WOS:000225817100021 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Razpet, A Possnert, G AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Razpet, A Possnert, G TI Electronic stopping powers for He, Be and F ions in Au SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE energy loss; stopping power; elastic recoil detection analysis; time-of-flight ID HEAVY-IONS; AL AB The stopping powers for He, Be and F ions in An are determined using a previously developed time-of-flight energy elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF-E ERDA) set-up. In transmission geometry, the energy loss of particles in a self-supporting An foil is measured over a continuous range of recoil energies using the time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer with uncertainty of less than 5%. The stopping powers are parameterized using a sixth order polynomial and compared with existing experimental data in the literature. In the energy regimes where experimental data exist, the present data exhibit good agreement with most data. Stopping powers predicted by SRIM (The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) are in reasonable agreement with much of the experimental data. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2005 VL 227 IS 4 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.10.082 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 886GB UT WOS:000226213800004 ER PT J AU Bond, L Collar, JI Ely, J Flake, M Hall, J Jordan, D Nakazawa, D Raskin, A Sonnenschein, A O'Sullivan, K AF Bond, L Collar, JI Ely, J Flake, M Hall, J Jordan, D Nakazawa, D Raskin, A Sonnenschein, A O'Sullivan, K TI Development of bubble chambers with sensitivity to WIMPs SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID DARK-MATTER; SUPERHEATED LIQUIDS; DETECTOR; SEARCH AB We constructed a small bubble chamber, with special features needed to search for WIMPs: long sensitive time periods, intrinsic insensitivity to minimum ionizing particles and target liquids with high sensitivity to both spin-dependent and -independent couplings. Stereo photography of bubbles allows rejection of events occuring at the chamber walls and discrimination of neutron backgrounds. The chamber can be operated with a variety of liquids, including CF3Br, CF3I, C3F8 and liquid xenon. A >60% live time fraction has been achieved and sensitivity to nuclear recoils demonstrated. Detectors of this type may be scalable to very large size at modest cost. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM collar@uchicago.cdu NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.016 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100016 ER PT J AU Bell, NF AF Bell, NF TI Neutrino mixing and cosmology SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID FLAVOR OSCILLATIONS; EARLY UNIVERSE; DEGENERACY AB We review the consequences of neutrino mixing in the early universe. For both active-sterile mixing or mixing between three active neutrinos only, the consequences of oscillations depend crucially upon the size of the universe's lepton number (relic neutrino asymmetry.) C1 NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bell, NF (reprint author), NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nfb@fnal.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 76 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.018 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100018 ER PT J AU Hazama, R Doe, P Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Engel, J Finger, M Formaggio, JA Fushimi, K Gehman, V Gorin, A Greenfield, M Ichihara, K Ikegami, Y Ishii, H Itahashi, T Kavitov, P Kekelidze, V Kuroda, K Kutsalo, V Manouilov, I Matsuoka, K Nakamura, H Nomachi, M Para, A Rielage, K Rjazantsev, A Robertson, RGH Shichijo, Y Shima, T Shimada, Y Shirkov, G Sissakian, A Sugaya, Y Titov, A Vatulin, V Vilches, OE Voronov, V Wilkerson, JF Will, DI Yoshida, S AF Hazama, R Doe, P Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Engel, J Finger, M Formaggio, JA Fushimi, K Gehman, V Gorin, A Greenfield, M Ichihara, K Ikegami, Y Ishii, H Itahashi, T Kavitov, P Kekelidze, V Kuroda, K Kutsalo, V Manouilov, I Matsuoka, K Nakamura, H Nomachi, M Para, A Rielage, K Rjazantsev, A Robertson, RGH Shichijo, Y Shima, T Shimada, Y Shirkov, G Sissakian, A Sugaya, Y Titov, A Vatulin, V Vilches, OE Voronov, V Wilkerson, JF Will, DI Yoshida, S TI Spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos by MOON - Mo observatory of neutrinos SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID DOUBLE-BETA; DECAYS; MO-100 AB The MOON (Molybdenum Observatory Of Neutrinos) project aims at high sensitive studies of the double beta (betabeta) decays with sensitivity to Majorana v mass of the order of < m(v) >similar to0.03 eV and the charged-current (CC) neutrino spectroscopy of the major components of the pp and Be-7 solar v's. The present status of MOON for the low energy solar v experiment is briefly discussed. The inverse 3 rays from solar-v captures of Mo-100 are measured in delayed coincidence with the subsequent beta decay of Tc-100. MOON's exclusive CC value by Be-7 solar v, together with the GNO CC data, will provide the pp solar v flux with good accuracy. C1 Osaka Univ, OULNS, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Osaka Univ, RCNP, Osaka 5670047, Japan. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Charles Univ, FMP, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Univ Tokushima, IAS, Tokushima 7708592, Japan. IHEP, Protvino 142284, Russia. Int Christian Univ, Tokyo 1818585, Japan. VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. CERN Prevessian, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hazama, R (reprint author), Osaka Univ, OULNS, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.025 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100025 ER PT J AU Hime, A AF Hime, A TI Cryogenic low energy astrophysics with neon SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB The unique properties of liquid neon make possible a large fiducial target with ultra-low background and energy threshold for the simultaneous detection of low-energy solar neutrinos and WIMP dark matter. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hime, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803,P-23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 106 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.026 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100026 ER PT J AU Shutt, T Aprile, E Baltz, E Giboni, K Majewski, P Yamashita, M Ni, K Oberlack, U Vargas Kwong, J McDonald, K Niemack, M Gaitskell, R Sorensen, P DeViveiros, L Craig, W AF Shutt, T Aprile, E Baltz, E Giboni, K Majewski, P Yamashita, M Ni, K Oberlack, U Vargas Kwong, J McDonald, K Niemack, M Gaitskell, R Sorensen, P DeViveiros, L Craig, W TI The XENON dark matter experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID LIQUID XENON; IONIZATION AB We report on progress of the XENON collaboration, which is developing a liquid xenon time projection chamber technology for use in a very-large-mass dark matter experiment. The collaboration is working towards demonstration of simultaneous ionization and scintillation measurement to provide strong background rejection. A 100 kg module will powerfully probe WIMP rates predicted by supersymmetry. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Yamashita, Masaki/A-4300-2011; de Viveiros, Luiz/M-9205-2013 OI de Viveiros, Luiz/0000-0002-7038-2361 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.036 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100036 ER PT J AU Pirro, S Arnaboldi, C Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, J Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Capozzi, F Carbone, L Cebrian, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ de Waard, A Farach, HA Fascilla, A Fiorini, E Frossati, G Giuliani, A Gorla, P Haller, EE Irastorza, IG McDonald, RJ Morales, A Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olivieri, E Palmieri, V Pasca, E Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Previtali, E Pobes, C Pyle, M Risegari, L Rosenfeld, C Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G AF Pirro, S Arnaboldi, C Artusa, DR Avignone, FT Balata, M Bandac, I Barucci, M Beeman, J Brofferio, C Bucci, C Capelli, S Capozzi, F Carbone, L Cebrian, S Cremonesi, O Creswick, RJ de Waard, A Farach, HA Fascilla, A Fiorini, E Frossati, G Giuliani, A Gorla, P Haller, EE Irastorza, IG McDonald, RJ Morales, A Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Olivieri, E Palmieri, V Pasca, E Pavan, M Pedretti, M Pessina, G Previtali, E Pobes, C Pyle, M Risegari, L Rosenfeld, C Sisti, M Smith, AR Torres, L Ventura, G TI First results of the CUORICINO experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY AB Preliminary results on double beta decay (DBD) of Te-130, obtained in the first run of the CUORICINO experiment are presented. The set-up consists of an array of 62 crystals of TeO2 operating as bolometers in a deep underground dilution unit at a temperature of about 10 mK. Due to a total mass of about 41 kg, CUORICINO represents by far the most massive running cryogenic mass to search for rare events. The achieved lower limit on the neutrinoless DBD is 5.5(.)10(23) years, that corresponds to a limit on the Majorana effective mass between 0.37 and 1.9 eV. Performances of the detectors together with the sensitivity estimation are discussed. C1 Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, Laquila, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Atlas Energias, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RAQ Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Chim Fis & Matemat, I-22100 Como, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-22100 Como, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy. RP Pirro, S (reprint author), Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM Stefano.Pirro@mib.infn.it RI Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Gorla, Paolo/B-5243-2014; Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012; OI Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.050 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100050 ER PT J AU Aalseth, CE Anderson, D Arthur, R Avignone, FT Baktash, C Ball, T Barabash, AS Bertrand, F Brodzinski, RL Brudanin, V Bugg, W Champagne, AE Chan, YD Cianciolo, TV Collar, JI Creswick, RW Descovich, M Di Marco, M Doe, PJ Dunham, G Efremenko, Y Egerov, V Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Emanuel, A Fallon, P Farach, HA Gaitskell, RJ Gehman, V Grzywacz, R Hallin, A Hazma, R Henning, R Hime, A Hossbach, T Jordan, D Kazkaz, K Kephart, J King, GS Kochetov, O Konovalov, S Kouzes, RT Lesko, KT Luke, P Luzum, M Macchiavelli, AO McDonald, A Mei, D Miley, HS Milis, GB Mokhtarani, A Nomachi, M Orrell, JL Palms, JM Poon, AWP Radford, DC Reeves, JH Robertson, RGH Runkle, R Rykaczewski, K Saburov, K Sandukovsky, Y Sonnenschein, A Tornow, W Tull, C van de Water, RG Vanushin, I Vetter, K Warner, RA Wilkerson, JF Wouters, JM Young, AR Yumatov, V AF Aalseth, CE Anderson, D Arthur, R Avignone, FT Baktash, C Ball, T Barabash, AS Bertrand, F Brodzinski, RL Brudanin, V Bugg, W Champagne, AE Chan, YD Cianciolo, TV Collar, JI Creswick, RW Descovich, M Di Marco, M Doe, PJ Dunham, G Efremenko, Y Egerov, V Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Emanuel, A Fallon, P Farach, HA Gaitskell, RJ Gehman, V Grzywacz, R Hallin, A Hazma, R Henning, R Hime, A Hossbach, T Jordan, D Kazkaz, K Kephart, J King, GS Kochetov, O Konovalov, S Kouzes, RT Lesko, KT Luke, P Luzum, M Macchiavelli, AO McDonald, A Mei, D Miley, HS Milis, GB Mokhtarani, A Nomachi, M Orrell, JL Palms, JM Poon, AWP Radford, DC Reeves, JH Robertson, RGH Runkle, R Rykaczewski, K Saburov, K Sandukovsky, Y Sonnenschein, A Tornow, W Tull, C van de Water, RG Vanushin, I Vetter, K Warner, RA Wilkerson, JF Wouters, JM Young, AR Yumatov, V CA Majorana Collaboration TI The proposed Majorana Ge-76 double-beta decay experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB The proposed Majorana experiment is based on an array of segmented intrinsic Ge detectors with a total mass of 500 kg of Ge isotopically enriched to 86% in Ge-76. Background reduction will be accomplished by: material selection, detector segmentation, pulse shape analysis, electro-formation of copper parts, and granularity of detector spacing. The predicted experimental sensitivity for measurement of the neutrinoless double-beta decay mode of Ge-76, over a data acquisition period of 5000 kg(.)y, is T-1/2(0nu) similar to 4x 10(27) y. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, P Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98135 USA. Osaka Univ, Nucl Phys Res Ctr, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015; Luzum, Matthew/C-4986-2015; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016; OI Luzum, Matthew/0000-0002-0367-7055; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 4 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.052 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100052 ER PT J AU Nomachi, M Doe, P Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Engel, J Finger, M Formaggio, JA Fushimi, K Gehman, V Gorin, A Greenfield, M Hazama, R Ichihara, K Ikegami, Y Ishii, H Itahashi, T Kavitov, P Kekelidze, V Kuroda, K Kutsalo, V Manouilov, I Matsuoka, K Nakamura, H Ogama, T Para, A Rielage, K Rjazantsev, A Robertson, RGH Shichijo, Y Shima, T Shimada, Y Shirkov, G Sissakian, A Sugaya, Y Titov, A Vatulin, V Vilches, OE Voronov, V Wilkerson, JF Will, DI Yoshida, S AF Nomachi, M Doe, P Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Engel, J Finger, M Formaggio, JA Fushimi, K Gehman, V Gorin, A Greenfield, M Hazama, R Ichihara, K Ikegami, Y Ishii, H Itahashi, T Kavitov, P Kekelidze, V Kuroda, K Kutsalo, V Manouilov, I Matsuoka, K Nakamura, H Ogama, T Para, A Rielage, K Rjazantsev, A Robertson, RGH Shichijo, Y Shima, T Shimada, Y Shirkov, G Sissakian, A Sugaya, Y Titov, A Vatulin, V Vilches, OE Voronov, V Wilkerson, JF Will, DI Yoshida, S TI MOON (Mo Observatory Of Neutrinos) for double beta decay SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB The MOON (Molybdenum Observatory Of Neutrinos) project aims at studies of double beta decays with a high sensitivity of < m(nu) >similar to0.03 eV and real-time studies of low-energy solar neutrinos. Two beta rays from Mo-100 are measured in coincidence for the 0nubetabeta studies. The inverse beta rays from solar neutrino captures of Mo-100 are meesured in delayed coincidence with the following beta decay of Tc-100. Measurements with good energy resolution and good position resolution enable one to select true signals. A prototype MOON detector (MOON 1) is now under development. The present report describes briefly the outline of the MOON project and the status of MOON 1. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Osaka Univ, RCNP, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Univ Tokushima, IAS, Tokushima 7708592, Japan. IHEP, Protvino 142284, Russia. Int Christian Univ, Tokyo 1818585, Japan. VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nomachi, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. OI Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.053 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100053 ER PT J AU Akimov, D Bower, G Breidenbach, M Conley, R Conti, E Danilov, M DeVoe, R Djurcic, Z Dolgolenko, A Fairbank, W Gratta, G Hall, C Koffas, T Moe, M Odian, A Piepke, A Prescott, CY Rowson, PC Skarpaas, K Vogel, P Vuilleumier, JL Waldman, S Wamba, K Wodin, J Zeldovich, O AF Akimov, D Bower, G Breidenbach, M Conley, R Conti, E Danilov, M DeVoe, R Djurcic, Z Dolgolenko, A Fairbank, W Gratta, G Hall, C Koffas, T Moe, M Odian, A Piepke, A Prescott, CY Rowson, PC Skarpaas, K Vogel, P Vuilleumier, JL Waldman, S Wamba, K Wodin, J Zeldovich, O TI EXO: an advanced enriched xenon double-beta decay observatory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Akimov, D (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RI Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014 OI Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164 NR 7 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.054 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100054 ER PT J AU Elliott, SR AF Elliott, SR TI Neutrino mass patterns and future double-beta decay experiments SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID COUNTING TEST FACILITY; 2-BETA DECAY; MO-100; BOREXINO; XE-136; GENIUS AB The next generation of double-beta decay experiments have an excellent chance of providing data on the neutrino mass pattern. This presentation is a summary of what is currently known about the mass pattern and expectations from experiment. Uncertainties due to the precision in the oscillation parameters are not critical to the interpretation of a betabeta(0nu) measurement in terms of the mass pattern. Even though there is reason for optimism, the matrix element uncertainty is still a concern. A selected, representative group of the future experiments is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Elliott, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803,P-23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 275 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.063 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100063 ER PT J AU Heeger, KM Freedman, SJ Kadel, RW Luk, KB AF Heeger, KM Freedman, SJ Kadel, RW Luk, KB TI Measurement of theta(13) with reactor neutrinos SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB Recent experimental results have provided unambiguous evidence that neutrinos have a small but finite mass and mix from one type into another. The phenomenon of neutrino mixing is characterized by the coupling between the neutrino flavor (nu(e,mu,tau)) and mass eigenstates (nu(1,2,3)) and the associated mixing angles. Previous neutrino oscillation experiments have determined two of the three mixing angles in the neutrino mixing matrix, U-MNSP. Using multiple neutrino detectors placed at different distances from a nuclear power plant, a future reactor neutrino experiment has the potential to discover and measure the coupling of the electron neutrino flavor to the third mass eigenstate, U-e3, the last undetermined element of the neutrino mixing matrix. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heeger, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 330 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.075 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100075 ER PT J AU Efremenko, Y AF Efremenko, Y TI A facility for neutrino-nucleus cross-section measurements at the spallation neutron source SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB In this paper we discuss the possibility of building a neutrino facility at the Spallation Neutron Source presently under construction at ORNL. At such a facility an extensive long-term program can be established to study neutrino nucleus cross-sections in the range of interest for nuclear astrophysics and nuclear theory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Efremenko, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efremen@unix.utk.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.079 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100079 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ TI Long baseline neutrino oscillations and leptonic CP violation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA ID MASS MATRICES; PHYSICS AB The status of 3-generation lepton mixing is reviewed. Future possible neutrino facilities using: i) intense conventional v(mu) sources, ii) superbeams and iii) neutrino factories are discussed. Properties of CP-violating asymmetries are described. It is shown that our ability to measure the CP-violating phase delta is rather insensitive to the specific value of theta(13) for 0.01 less than or equal to sin(2) 2theta(13) less than or equal to 0.20, as well as the detector distance (for very long distances). The potential for making precision measurements of all neutrino oscillation parameters (theta(ij), Deltam(ij)(2), delta), using a wide band v(mu) beam is explained using results of a Brookhaven-Homestake (2540km) study. An outlook on the future is given. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 370 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.085 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100085 ER PT J AU Kafka, T AF Kafka, T CA Soudan-2 Collaboration TI Upgoing stopping muons in Soudan 2 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB A hitherto untapped sector of Soudan-2 data has been examined, consisting of upgoing stopping unions, originating in neutrino interactions within the rock surrounding the detector, and of one-prong neutrino interactions occuring within the detector that can be ambiguous with upgoing tracks. We observe features of the upgoing data that are compatible with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations, and we do not observe any such features in the downgoing data. C1 Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Minnesota, Argonne Natl Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oxford, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Kafka, T (reprint author), Tufts Univ, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 405 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.096 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100091 ER PT J AU Cardall, CY AF Cardall, CY TI Core-collapse supernovae and gravitational waves SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics CY SEP 05-09, 2003 CL Seattle, WA AB Core-collapse supernovae are dramatic events with a rich phenomenology, including gravitational radiation. Simulations of these events in multiple spatial dimensions with energy- and angle-dependent neutrino transport are still in their infancy. Core collapse and bounce in a supernova in our galaxy may well be visible by first-generation LIGO, but detailed understanding waits on improvements in modeling both stellar progenitors and the supernova process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 138 BP 436 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.100 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 895FA UT WOS:000226845100100 ER PT J AU Franke, BC Prinja, AK AF Franke, BC Prinja, AK TI Monte Carlo electron dose calculations using discrete scattering angles and discrete energy losses SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting of the Mathematics and Computation Division of the American-Nuclear-Society CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc ID CONDENSED HISTORY ALGORITHM; TRANSFER-MATRIX TREATMENTS; TRANSPORT AB We, present a computationally efficient single event Monte Carlo approach for calculating dose from electrons. Analog elastic scattering and inelastic energy-loss differential cross sections for electrons are converted into corresponding discrete cross sections that are constrained to exactly preserve low-order moments of the analog cross sections. While the method has been implemented and tested for the Rutherford model for scattering and energy loss, its dependence solely on cross-section moments makes our approach arbitrarily general. By comparison with analog Monte Carlo calculations, we demonstrate that few discrete angles and energies are required to achieve accurate dose distributions, and the calculations are fast. The method is capable of yielding accurate results across the entire spatial extent of the transport problem, from relatively isotropic scattering to highly forward-peaked scattering. We compare the accuracy of the angular approximation with the Goudsmit-Saunderson angular approximation commonly used by condensed history methods and similarly analyze the energy approximation. Finally, we present an investigation of the combined approximations and illustrate the accuracy of this method in the presence of a material interface. The computational efficiency of each method is explicitly compared using timing studies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Farris Engn Ctr 209, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Franke, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Farris Engn Ctr 209, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bcfrank@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 883VG UT WOS:000226043200002 ER PT J AU Smith, HP Wagner, JC AF Smith, HP Wagner, JC TI A case study in manual and automated Monte Carlo variance reduction with a deep penetration reactor shielding problem SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting of the Mathematics and Computation Division of the American-Nuclear-Society CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Certain reactor transients cause a reduction in moderator temperature and, hence, increased attenuation of neutrons and decreased response of excore detectors. This decreased detector response is of concern because of the credit assumed for detector-initiated reactor trip to terminate the transient. Explicit modeling of this phenomenon presents the analyst with a difficult problem because of the dense and optically thick neutron absorption media, given the constraint that precise response characteristics must be known in order to account for this phenomenon. The solution in this study was judged to be the use of Monte Carlo techniques coupled with robust-variance reduction to accelerate problem convergence. A fresh discussion on the motivation for variance reduction is included, followed by separate accounts of manual and automated applications of variance reduction techniques. Finally, the results of both manual and automated variance reduction techniques are presented and compared. C1 Duke Energy Corp, Charlotte, NC 28242 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, HP (reprint author), Duke Energy Corp, 422 S Church ST,POB 1006, Charlotte, NC 28242 USA. EM wagnerjc@ornl.gov RI Wagner, John/K-3644-2015 OI Wagner, John/0000-0003-0257-4502 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 23 EP 37 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 883VG UT WOS:000226043200003 ER PT J AU Ueki, T Brown, FB AF Ueki, T Brown, FB TI Stationarity modeling and informatics-based diagnostics in Monte Carlo criticality calculations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting of the Mathematics and Computation Division of the American-Nuclear-Society CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc ID DOMINANCE RATIO; CONVERGENCE AB In Monte Carlo criticality calculations, source error propagation through the stationary (active) cycles and source convergence in the settling (inactive) cycles are both dominated by the dominance ratio (DR) of fission kernels. For symmetric two fissile-component systems with the DR close to unity, the extinction of fission source sites can occur in one of the components even when the initial source is symmetric and the number of histories per cycle is more than 1000. When such a system is made slightly asymmetric, the neutron effective multiplication factor at the inactive cycles does not reflect the convergence to stationary source distribution. To overcome this problem, relative entropy has been applied to a slightly asymmetric two fissile-component problem with a DR of 0.993. The numerical results are mostly satisfactory but also show the possibility of the occasional occurrence of unnecessarily strict stationarity diagnostics. Therefore, a criterion is defined based on the concept of data compression limit in information theory. Numerical results for a pressurized water reactor fuel storage facility with a DR of 0.994 strongly support the efficacy of relative entropy in both the posterior and progressive stationarity diagnostics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Farris Engn Ctr 209, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Diagnost Applicat Grp X 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ueki, T (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Farris Engn Ctr 209, MSC01 1120, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tueki@unm.edu NR 16 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 38 EP 50 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 883VG UT WOS:000226043200004 ER PT J AU Alpan, FA Haghighat, A AF Alpan, FA Haghighat, A TI Development of the CPXSD methodology for generation of fine-group libraries for shielding applications SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting of the Mathematics and Computation Division of the American-Nuclear-Society CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc AB Multigroup cross sections are one of the major factors that cause uncertainties in the results of deterministic transport calculations. Thus, it is important to prepare effective cross-section libraries that include an appropriate group structure and are based on an appropriate spectrum. There are several multigroup cross-section libraries available for particular applications. For example, the 47-neutron, 20-gamma group BUGLE library that is derived from the 199-neutron, 42-gamma group VITAMIN-B6 library is widely used for light water reactor (LWR) shielding and pressure vessel dosimetry applications. However, there is no publicly available methodology that can construct problem-dependent libraries. Thus, the authors have developed the Contributon and Point-wise Cross Section Driven (CPXSD) methodology for constructing effective fine- and broad-group structures. In this paper, new fine-group structures were constructed using the CPXSD, and new fine-group cross-section libraries were generated. The 450-group LIB450 and 589-group LIB589 libraries were developed for neutrons sensitive to the fast and thermal energy ranges, respectively, for LWR shielding problems. As compared to a VITAMIN-B6-like library, the new fine-group library developed for fast neutron dosimetry calculations resulted in closer agreement to the continuous-energy predictions. For example, for the fast neutron cavity dosimetry, similar to4% improvement was observed for the Np-237(n, f) reaction rate. For the thermal neutron H-1(n, gamma) reaction, a maximum improvement of similar to14% was observed in the reaction rate at the middowncomer position. C1 Penn State Univ, Mech & Nucl Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Alpan, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alpanfa@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 883VG UT WOS:000226043200005 ER PT J AU Rivard, MJ Kirk, BL Leal, LC AF Rivard, MJ Kirk, BL Leal, LC TI Impact of radionuclide pkysical distribution on brackytkerapy dosimetry parameters SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Meeting of the Mathematics and Computation Division of the American-Nuclear-Society CY APR 06-10, 2003 CL Gatlinburg, TN SP Amer Nucl Soc ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; REPORT NO. 43 AB Radiation dose distributions of brachytherapy sources are generally characterized with the assumption that all internal components are equally radioactive. Autoradiographs and discussions with source manufacturers indicated this assumption of the radionuclide physical distribution may be invalid Consequently, clinical dose distributions would be in error when not accounting for these internal variations. Many implants use brachytherapy sources with four I-125 resin beads and two radiopaque markers used for imaging. Monte Carlo methods were used to determine dose contributions from each of the resin beads. These contributions were compared with those from an idealized source having a uniform physical distribution. Upon varying the I-125 physical distribution while retaining the same overall radioactivity, the dose distribution along the transverse plane remained constant within 5% for r > 0.5 cm. For r less than or equal to 0.5 cm, relative positioning of the resin beads dominated the shielding effects, and dose distributions varied up to a factor of 3 at r = 0.05 cm. For points off the transverse plane, comparisons of the uniform and nonuniform dose distributions produced larger variations. Shielding effects within the capsule were virtually constant along the source long axis and demonstrated that anisotropy variations among the four resin beads were dependent on internal component positioning. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rivard, MJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mrivard@tufts-nemc.org NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 149 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 883VG UT WOS:000226043200009 ER PT S AU Carlson, J AF Carlson, J BE Zelevinsky, V TI Simulations of dilute Fermi gases SO Nuclei and Mesoscopic Physics SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nuclei and Mesoscopic Physics CY OCT 23-26, 2004 CL Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI HO Michigan State Univ, NSCL AB Dilute atomic Fermi gases are the subject of much current theoretical and experimental interest. Atomic gases have been cooled to temperatures much lower than the Fermi energy, and initial measurements of their properties have been achieved. We describe Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ground-state properties of these intriguing systems, from the weak-coupling regime described by BCS theory to the strong-coupling regime where the atoms pair into weakly-interacting dimers. We describe ground-state properties and also calculations of the lowest spin-excitations in these systems. Important directions for future work are also highlighted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0263-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 777 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCV37 UT WOS:000231407500003 ER PT S AU Lauritsen, T Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Ahmad, I Carpenter, MP Heinz, AM Jenkins, DG Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Moore, EF Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Dossing, T Herskind, B Clark, RM Cromaz, M Fallon, P Lane, G Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Larabee, AJ AF Lauritsen, T Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Ahmad, I Carpenter, MP Heinz, AM Jenkins, DG Kondev, FG Lister, CJ Moore, EF Seweryniak, D Zhu, S Dossing, T Herskind, B Clark, RM Cromaz, M Fallon, P Lane, G Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Korichi, A Lopez-Martens, A Larabee, AJ BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Rotational damping, ridges and the quasi-continuum of theta rays in Dy-152 SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SUPERDEFORMED NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAYS; SPECTRA; STATES; LINE AB Both the quasi-continuum of gamma rays as well as the ridges from the feeding (and decay) of superdeformed and normal bands have been extracted in the nucleus Dy-152. A model has been developed that simultaneously describes all these spectra as well as the feeding intensity of the superdeformed bands. Through the calculation of the continuum of 7 rays at finite temperature, the rotational damping width in the normal and superdeformed wells are extracted. This is the first time the rotational damping width in a superdeformed well has been measured in the A similar to 150 mass region. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lauritsen, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 34 EP 39 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800006 ER PT S AU Clark, RM AF Clark, RM BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Critical-point nuclei SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; MODEL AB It has been suggested that a change of nuclear shape may be described in terms of a phase transition and that specific nuclei may lie close to the critical point of the transition. Analytical descriptions of such critical-point nuclei have been introduced recently and they are described briefly. The results of extensive searches for possible examples of critical-point behavior are presented. Alternative pictures, such as describing bands in the candidate nuclei using simple Delta K = 0 and Delta K = 2 rotational-coupling models, are discussed, and the limitations of the different approaches highlighted, A possible critical-point description of the transition from a vibrational to rotational pairing phase is suggested. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clark, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800011 ER PT S AU Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Lee, IY Ward, D Fallon, P Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Gorgen, A Lane, GJ Macchiavelli, AO Prussin, SG Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K AF Rodriguez-Vieitez, E Lee, IY Ward, D Fallon, P Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Gorgen, A Lane, GJ Macchiavelli, AO Prussin, SG Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of target fragmentation SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID VERSION AB Fragmentation reactions, typically performed at energies similar to E/A > 50 MeV, produce neutron-rich nuclei but leave little angular momentum in the residues. In this work we have examined the product distribution and angular momentum input for a C-12 beam at 30 MeV/A on a thick (40 mg/cm(2)) target of V-51, testing the feasibility of in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy study of target fragments at this lower energy. This technique allows the study of some neutron-rich nuclei to moderate spins, complementing the beam fragmentation studies. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rodriguez-Vieitez, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800027 ER PT S AU Davids, CN Esbensen, H AF Davids, CN Esbensen, H BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Decay rate of triaxially deformed proton emitters SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID FINE-STRUCTURE; NUCLEI AB The decay rate of a triaxially-deformed proton emitter is calculated in a particle-rotor model, which is based on a deformed Woods-Saxon potential and includes a deformed spin-orbit interaction. The wave function of the I = 7/2(-) ground state of the deformed proton emitter Ho-141 is obtained in the adiabatic limit, and a Green's function technique is used to calculate the decay rate and branching ratio to the first excited 2(+) state of the daughter nucleus. Only for values of the triaxial angle gamma < 5 degrees is good agreement obtained for both the total decay rate and the 2+ branching ratio. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davids, CN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800031 ER PT S AU Rykaczewski, KP Grzywacz, RK Bingham, CR Danchev, M Mazzocchi, C Tantawy, MN Gross, CJ Yu, CH Batchelder, JC Karny, M Krolas, W Fong, D Hamilton, JH Ramayya, A Piechaczek, A Zganjar, E Winger, JA Ginter, TN Stolz, A Hagino, K AF Rykaczewski, KP Grzywacz, RK Bingham, CR Danchev, M Mazzocchi, C Tantawy, MN Gross, CJ Yu, CH Batchelder, JC Karny, M Krolas, W Fong, D Hamilton, JH Ramayya, A Piechaczek, A Zganjar, E Winger, JA Ginter, TN Stolz, A Hagino, K BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Structure of rare-Earth nuclei around the proton drip line SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SPECTROSCOPY; DECAY AB Decay studies on rare earth nuclei around the proton drip line have been performed by means of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility in Oak Ridge. The proton emission from the odd-odd N = 77 isotone Tm-146. was reinvestigated, resulting in the assignment of the 1.01 MeV proton line to the decay of a short-lived 146Tm state. A new proton radioactivity of Tm-144 was identified. The decays of isomeric levels in the N = 77 isotones, Eu-140, Tb-142 and Ho-144 were remeasured using gamma and electron detectors. The analysis of the structure of studied nuclei, which accounts for the coupling between the protons and neutrons and for core excitations, is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rykaczewski, KP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Krolas, Wojciech/N-9391-2013 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800033 ER PT S AU Mukherjee, G Khoo, TL Blinstrup, R Seweryniak, D Ahmad, I Butler, PA Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cizewski, JA Davids, CN Freeman, SJ Greene, JP Hammond, NJ Heinz, A Herzberg, RD Ikin, PJC Janssens, RVF Johnson, MS Jones, GD Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Moore, EF Ngijoi-Yogo, E Reiter, P Sinha, S AF Mukherjee, G Khoo, TL Blinstrup, R Seweryniak, D Ahmad, I Butler, PA Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Cizewski, JA Davids, CN Freeman, SJ Greene, JP Hammond, NJ Heinz, A Herzberg, RD Ikin, PJC Janssens, RVF Johnson, MS Jones, GD Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Moore, EF Ngijoi-Yogo, E Reiter, P Sinha, S BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Electrons from a 0.3s isomer in No-254 SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID NUCLEI; FISSION; BANDS; CA-48 AB We have detected the electrons accompanying the decay of a long-lived isomer in No-254, which was produced with the Pb-208(Ca-48,2n) reaction. Time and spatial correlations of A = 254 evaporation residues, isomeric electrons and ground-state a-particles confirmed the existence of the isomer. The measured electron sum-energy spectrum favors a K-x = 7(-) assignment for the isomer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mukherjee, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Hammond, Neil/0000-0001-6390-8874; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800036 ER PT S AU Ahmad, I Kondev, FG Moore, EF Chasman, RR Carpenter, MP Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Hoff, RW Evans, JE Lougheed, RW Porter, CE Felker, LK AF Ahmad, I Kondev, FG Moore, EF Chasman, RR Carpenter, MP Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Hoff, RW Evans, JE Lougheed, RW Porter, CE Felker, LK BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Proton single-particle states in the heaviest actinide nuclei SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID ELEMENTS; CAPTURE; CM-249; REGION AB The level structure of Bk-249 has been investigated by measuring the gamma-ray spectra following the alpha decay of a chemically and isotopically pure Es-253 sample. Alpha-gamma coincidence measurement was performed using a Si detector for alpha particles and a 25% Ge detector for gamma rays. A gamma-gamma coincidence measurement was performed with the Gammasphere spectrometer. The Es sample was obtained by extracting the Es-253 which grew in a Cf-253 source material produced in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Additional information on the Bk-249 levels was obtained from the study of gamma rays produced in the beta(-) decay of Cm-249. The (CM)-C-249 sample was produced by neutron irradiation of Cm-248. Using the results of the present study and the results of previous Cm-248(alpha,t) and Cm-248(He-3,d) reaction spectra, the following single-particle states have been identified in Bk-249: 7/2(+)[633], 0.0 keV; 3/2(-)[521], 8.78 keV; 1/2(+)[400], 377.55 keV. 5/2(+)[642], 389.17 keV; 1/2(-)[530], 569.19 keV; 1/2(-)[521], 643.0 keV, 5/2(-)[523], 672.8 keV; 9/2(+)[624], 1075.1 keV. Four vibrational bands were identified at 767.9, 932.2, 1150.7 and 1223.0 keV with tentative assignments of {7/2(+)[633]circle times 1(-)} 9/2(-), {7/2(+)[633]circle times 0(-)}7/2-, {7/2(+)[633]circle times 1(-)}5/2(-) and {7/2(+)[633]circle times 0(+)}7/2(+), respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahmad, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800037 ER PT S AU Ward, D Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Lane, GJ Lee, IY Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K Cline, D Hayes, AB Teng, R Wu, CY Nakatsukasa, T AF Ward, D Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Lane, GJ Lee, IY Gorgen, A Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K Cline, D Hayes, AB Teng, R Wu, CY Nakatsukasa, T BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Aspects of the coriolis interaction in U-235 SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab AB We have performed three separate experiments at LBNL's 88-Inch Cyclotron over a period of several years in Which U-235 (thick target) was Coulomb-excited. It involved stand-alone experiments with Ganunasphere and with the 8PI Spectrometer using Xe-136 beam at 720 MeV, and a CHICO-Gammasphere experiment with an Ar-40 beam at 180 MeV. In addition to extending the known negative-parity bands to high spin, we have assigned levels in some seven positive-parity bands which are in some cases (e.g. [631]1/2, [624]7/2 and [622]5/2) strongly populated by E3 excitation. The CHICO data has been analyzed to extract E2 and E3 matrix elements from the observed yields. Additionally, many E1 and M1 matrix elements could be extracted from the gamma-ray branching ratios. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ward, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nakatsukasa, Takashi/O-9995-2014; OI Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800039 ER PT S AU Bender, M Bertsch, GF Heenen, PH AF Bender, M Bertsch, GF Heenen, PH BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Correlation energies by the projected generator coordinate method SO NUCLEI AT THE LIMITS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID MEAN-FIELD DESCRIPTION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ISOTOPES; NUCLEI; MODELS; MASSES AB The self-consistent mean-field method has been proved to be a powerful computational approach to a quantum theory of nuclear binding energies. This success was possible by including phenomenological corrections for beyond mean-field effects related to fluctuations around the mean-field solution. Starting from the Skyrme mean-field approach, we present a systematic microscopic calculation of the quadrupole correlation energy within a particle-number and angular-momentum projected generator coordinate method. Applying the method to even-even nuclei of known binding energies, we find a significant improvement of the systematics of binding energies near shell closures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bender, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mbender@phy.anl.gov; bertsch@u.washington.edu; phheenen@ulb.ac.be NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 268 EP 273 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800040 ER PT S AU Duguet, T Bonche, P AF Duguet, T Bonche, P BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI HFB calculations with a microscopic pairing interaction SO NUCLEI AT THE LIMITS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SUPERDEFORMED ROTATIONAL BANDS; MEAN-FIELD DESCRIPTION; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; MATTER; DENSITIES; REGION AB Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (HFB) calculations making use of a recently proposed microscopic effective pairing interaction are presented. The interaction was shown to reproduce the pairing properties provided by the realistic AV18 force very accurately in infinite matter. Although finite-ranged and non-local, it makes 3D HFB calculations in coordinate space tractable. As a first application, basic pairing properties of calcium isotopes in their ground-state are studied. By comparing the results with those obtained using a standard Density-Dependent Delta Interaction, the crucial isovector character of the microscopic interaction is highlighted. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Duguet, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM duguet@nscl.msu.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800041 ER PT S AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Coupled-cluster theory for nuclear structure SO NUCLEI AT THE LIMITS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FULL CCSDT MODEL; EQUATIONS; MOMENTS; FORCES; STATES; FIELD; SYSTEMS AB The theoretical description of nuclei requires the employment of sophisticated theoretical techniques in order to solve the nuclear many-body problem. The development of tools that can be used to tackle the quantum many-body problem remains a significant focus of the low-energy nuclear theory community. The present suite of tools at our disposal includes quantum Monte Carlo [1], Hamiltonian diagonalization [2] in the no-core shell model (NCSM), and density-functional-based mean-field methods [3]. GFMC and NCSM approaches use as input nucleon-nucleon (NN) and 3-nucleon interactions. A different many-body approach is the coupled-cluster theory which we are developing for nuclear physics [4, 5]. I will describe in the following some of the ideas behind our approach and some initial results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dean@phy.ornl.gov OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800042 ER PT S AU Deleplanque, MA Stephens, FS Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Fallon, P Cromaz, M Clark, RM Descovich, M Diamond, RM Rodriguez-Vieitez, E AF Deleplanque, MA Stephens, FS Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Fallon, P Cromaz, M Clark, RM Descovich, M Diamond, RM Rodriguez-Vieitez, E BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Transition from order to chaos in rotational nuclei SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab AB We have developed a new method to study the order-to-chaos transition in rotational nuclei. We measure the area of the valley in the narrow valley-ridge structure observed in gamma-gamma coincidence spectra from Yb nuclei. We relate this area to the ratio of the interaction potential between levels to the average level spacing. The measured ratios, 0. 15 to 1.5, span the range from nearly ordered to nearly fully chaotic. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Deleplanque, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800045 ER PT S AU Tang, X Azhari, A Fu, C Gagliardi, CA Mukhamedzhanov, AM Pirlepesov, F Trache, L Tribble, RE Burjan, V Kroha, V Carstoiu, F Irgaziev, BF AF Tang, X Azhari, A Fu, C Gagliardi, CA Mukhamedzhanov, AM Pirlepesov, F Trache, L Tribble, RE Burjan, V Kroha, V Carstoiu, F Irgaziev, BF BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI A new N-13(p,gamma)O-14 reaction rate and its influence in novae nucleosynthesis SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab AB The direct capture contribution for N-13(p,gamma)140 has been determined more precisely with the peripheral transfer reaction, N-14(N-13,O-14)C-13 at the energy of 11.8 MeV/nucleon using the ANC technique. The updated N-13(py)O-14 reaction rate is about 2.5 times larger than the standard REACLIB rate in the temperature range 0.1 < T-9 < 0.3. The transition condition from the cold to hot CNO cycles has been determined with this updated rate. The influences incurred by this update have been investigated with two one-zone nova models. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tang, X (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016; Trache, Livius/M-6265-2016; Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800049 ER PT S AU Lee, IY Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Ward, D AF Lee, IY Clark, RM Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Descovich, M Diamond, RM Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Stephens, FS Ward, D BE Seweryniak, D Khoo, TL TI Overview of GRETINA status SO Nuclei at the Limits SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclei at the Limits CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL SP N Amer Natl Labs HO Argonne Natl Lab ID SPECTROMETER; DETECTORS AB A gamma-ray energy tracking array (GRETA) is a new concept for the detection of gamma radiation. In such an array, the individual interactions of all the gamma rays are identified by their energies and positions. Then, using tracking algorithms based on the properties of gamma ray interactions, the scattering sequences are reconstructed. GRETA will give high peak efficiency, peak-to-background ratio, and position resolution. Recent research and development efforts have demonstrated that the construction of a gamma ray tracking array is feasible, and the construction of an array GRETINA, which covers 1/4 of 4 pi solid angle, is started. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0249-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 764 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BCE71 UT WOS:000228894800051 ER PT J AU Liu, ZJ Mao, FL Guo, JT Yan, B Wang, P Qu, YX Xu, Y AF Liu, ZJ Mao, FL Guo, JT Yan, B Wang, P Qu, YX Xu, Y TI Quantitative evaluation of protein-DNA interactions using an optimized knowledge-based potential SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-BINDING SITES; GAS REFERENCE STATE; MEAN FORCE; LIGAND INTERACTIONS; STRUCTURE SELECTION; SCORING FUNCTION; ZINC FINGERS; PREDICTION; SEQUENCE; RECOGNITION AB Computational evaluation of protein-DNA interaction is important for the identification of DNA-binding sites and genome annotation. It could validate the predicted binding motifs by sequence-based approaches through the calculation of the binding affinity between a protein and DNA. Such an evaluation should take into account structural information to deal with the complicated effects from DNA structural deformation, distance-dependent multi-body interactions and solvation contributions. In this paper, we present a knowledge-based potential built on interactions between protein residues and DNA tri-nucleotides. The potential, which explicitly considers the distance-dependent two-body, three-body and four-body interactions between protein residues and DNA nucleotides, has been optimized in terms of a Z-score. We have applied this knowledge-based potential to evaluate the binding affinities of zinc-finger protein-DNA complexes. The predicted binding affinities are in good agreement with the experimental data (with a correlation coefficient of 0.950). On a larger test set containing 48 protein-DNA complexes with known experimental binding free energies, our potential has achieved a high correlation coefficient of 0.800, when compared with the experimental data. We have also used this potential to identify binding motifs in DNA sequences of transcription factors (TF). The TFs in 79.4% of the known TF-DNA complexes have accurately found their native binding sequences from a large pool of DNA sequences. When tested in a genome-scale search for TF-binding motifs of the cyclic AMP regulatory protein (CRP) of Escherichia coli, this potential ranks all known binding motifs of CRP in the top 15% of all candidate sequences. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM xyn@bmb.uga.edu NR 45 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 546 EP 558 DI 10.1093/nar/gki204 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 896NO UT WOS:000226941000023 PM 15673715 ER PT J AU Minovitsky, S Gee, SL Schokrpur, S Dubchak, I Conboy, JG AF Minovitsky, S Gee, SL Schokrpur, S Dubchak, I Conboy, JG TI The splicing regulatory element, UGCAUG, is phylogenetically and spatially conserved in introns that flank tissue-specific alternative exons SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING-PROTEIN; 5'-SPLICE SITES; SR PROTEINS; ENHANCERS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; SELECTION; GENES; BRAIN AB Previous studies have identified UGCAUG as an intron splicing enhancer that is frequently located adjacent to tissue-specific alternative exons in the human genome. Here, we show that UGCAUG is phylogenetically and spatially conserved in introns that flank brain-enriched alternative exons from fish to man. Analysis of sequence from the mouse, rat, dog, chicken and pufferfish genomes revealed a strongly statistically significant association of UGCAUG with the proximal intron region downstream of brain-enriched alternative exons. The number, position and sequence context of intronic UGCAUG elements were highly conserved among mammals and in chicken, but more divergent in fish. Control datasets, including constitutive exons and non-tissue-specific alternative exons, exhibited a much lower incidence of closely linked UGCAUG elements. We propose that the high sequence specificity of the UGCAUG element, and its unique association with tissue-specific alternative exons, mark it as a critical component of splicing switch mechanism(s) designed to activate a limited repertoire of splicing events in cell type-specific patterns. We further speculate that highly conserved UGCAUG-binding protein(s) related to the recently described Fox-1 splicing factor play a critical role in mediating this specificity. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Conboy, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGConboy@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL045182, HL45182, R56 HL045182] NR 47 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 714 EP 724 DI 10.1093/nar/gki210 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 896NO UT WOS:000226941000040 PM 15691898 ER PT J AU Price, MN Huang, KH Alm, EJ Arkin, AP AF Price, MN Huang, KH Alm, EJ Arkin, AP TI A novel method for accurate operon predictions in all sequenced prokaryotes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL GENOMES; PROTEIN FUNCTION; DATABASE; EVOLUTION; CONTEXT; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; REVEALS; TOOL AB We combine comparative genomic measures and the distance separating adjacent genes to predict operons in 124 completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes. Our method automatically tailors itself to each genome using sequence information alone, and thus can be applied to any prokaryote. For Escherichia coli K12 and Bacillus subtilis, our method is 85 and 83% accurate, respectively, which is similar to the accuracy of methods that use the same features but are trained on experimentally characterized transcripts. In Halobacterium NRC-1 and in Helicobacter pylori, our method correctly infers that genes in operons are separated by shorter distances than they are in E.coli, and its predictions using distance alone are more accurate than distance-only predictions trained on a database of E.coli transcripts. We use microarray data from six phylogenetically diverse prokaryotes to show that combining intergenic distance with comparative genomic measures further improves accuracy and that our method is broadly effective. Finally, we survey operon structure across 124 genomes, and find several surprises: H.pylori has many operons, contrary to previous reports; Bacillus anthracis has an unusual number of pseudogenes within conserved operons; and Synechocystis PCC 6803 has many operons even though it has unusually wide spacings between conserved adjacent genes. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alm, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 939R704, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejalm@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Price, Morgan/0000-0002-4251-0362 NR 31 TC 238 Z9 244 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 880 EP 892 DI 10.1093/nar/gki232 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 903EC UT WOS:000227407300019 PM 15701760 ER PT J AU Wu, HW Su, ZC Mao, FL Olman, V Xu, Y AF Wu, HW Su, ZC Mao, FL Olman, V Xu, Y TI Prediction of functional modules based on comparative genome analysis and Gene Ontology application SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS; IMPLEMENTATION; ENCYCLOPEDIA; EVOLUTION; SEARCH AB We present a computational method for the prediction of functionalmodules encoded in microbial genomes. In this work, we have also developed a formal measure to quantify the degree of consistency between the predicted and the known modules, and have carried out statistical significance analysis of consistency measures. We first evaluate the functional relationship between two genes from three different perspectives-phylogenetic profile analysis, gene neighborhood analysis and Gene Ontology assignments. We then combine the three different sources of information in the framework of Bayesian inference, and we use the combined information to measure the strength of gene functional relationship. Finally, we apply athreshold-based method to predict functional modules. By applying this method to Escherichia coli K12, we have predicted 185 functional modules. Our predictions are highly consistent with the previously known functional modules in E. coli. The application results have demonstrated that our approach is highly promising for the prediction of functional modules encoded in a microbial genome. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 120 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM xyn@bmb.uga.edu NR 33 TC 85 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2822 EP 2837 DI 10.1093/nar/gki573 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 932HK UT WOS:000229544600015 PM 15901854 ER PT J AU Price, MN Alm, EJ Arkin, AP AF Price, MN Alm, EJ Arkin, AP TI Interruptions in gene expression drive highly expressed operons to the leading strand of DNA replication SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CHROMOSOME; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; HEAD-ON COLLISION; RNA-POLYMERASE; TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; MICROBIAL GENOMES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL GENOMES; ORGANIZATION; FORK AB In bacteria, most genes are on the leading strand of replication, a phenomenon attributed to collisions between the DNA and RNA polymerases. In Escherichia coli, these collisions slow the movement of the replication fork through actively transcribed genes only if they are coded on the lagging strand. For genes on both strands, however, these collisions sever nascent transcripts and interrupt gene expression. Based on these observations, we propose a new theory to explain strand bias: genes whose expression is important for fitness are selected to the leading strand because this reduces the duration of these interruptions. Our theory predicts that multi-gene operons, which are subject to longer interruptions, should be more strongly selected to the leading strand than singleton transcripts. We show that this is true even after controlling for the tendency for essential genes, which are strongly biased to the leading strand, to occur in operons. Our theory also predicts that other factors that are associated with strand bias should have stronger effects for genes that are in operons. We find that expression level and phylogenetic ubiquity are correlated with strand bias for both essential and non-essential genes, but only for genes in operons. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alm, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejalm@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Price, Morgan/0000-0002-4251-0362 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 10 BP 3224 EP 3234 DI 10.1093/nar/gki638 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 947MI UT WOS:000230649600015 PM 15942025 ER PT J AU Ispolatov, I Yuryev, A Mazo, I Maslov, S AF Ispolatov, I Yuryev, A Mazo, I Maslov, S TI Binding properties and evolution of homodimers in protein-protein interaction networks SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIMERIZATION; PROTEASOME; RESOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; FAMILY; DIMER; CORE; MAP AB We demonstrate that protein-protein interaction networks in several eukaryotic organisms contain significantly more self-interacting proteins than expected if such homodimers randomly appeared in the course of the evolution. We also show that on average homodimers have twice as many interaction partners than non-self-interacting proteins. More specifically, the likelihood of a protein to physically interact with itself was found to be proportional to the total number of its binding partners. These properties of dimers are in agreement with a phenomenological model, in which individual proteins differ from each other by the degree of their 'stickiness' or general propensity toward interaction with other proteins including oneself. A duplication of self-interacting proteins creates a pair of paralogous proteins interacting with each other. We show that such pairs occur more frequently than could be explained by pure chance alone. Similar to homodimers, proteins involved in heterodimers with their paralogs on average have twice as many interacting partners than the rest of the network. The likelihood of a pair of paralogous proteins to interact with each other was also shown to decrease with their sequence similarity. This points to the conclusion that most of interactions between paralogs are inherited from ancestral homodimeric proteins, rather than established de novo after duplication. We finally discuss possible implications of our empirical observations from functional and evolutionary standpoints. C1 Ariadne Genom Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ispolatov, I (reprint author), Ariadne Genom Inc, 9700 Great Seneca Highway,Suite 113, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM slava@ariadnegenomics.com; maslov@bnl.gov RI Ispolatov, Yaroslav/E-8544-2010; Mazo, Ilya/G-6549-2014; Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009 OI Ispolatov, Yaroslav/0000-0002-0201-3396; Mazo, Ilya/0000-0002-8587-4895; Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM068954-01, R01 GM068954] NR 27 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 11 BP 3629 EP 3635 DI 10.1093/nar/gki678 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 943ID UT WOS:000230345800025 PM 15983135 ER PT J AU Thompson, JD Holbrook, SR Katoh, K Koehl, P Moras, D Westhof, E Poch, O AF Thompson, JD Holbrook, SR Katoh, K Koehl, P Moras, D Westhof, E Poch, O TI MAO: a multiple alignment ontology for nucleic acid and protein sequences SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; DATABASE; ANNOTATION; PREDICTION; PATTERNS; RESOURCE; STANDARD; BIOLOGY; DESIGN AB The application of high-throughput techniques such as genomics, proteomics or transcriptomics means that vast amounts of heterogeneous data are now available in the public databases. Bioinformatics is responding to the challenge with new integrated management systems for data collection, validation and analysis. Multiple alignments of genomic and protein sequences provide an ideal environment for the integration of this mass of information. In the context of the sequence family, structural and functional data can be evaluated and propagated from known to unknown sequences. However, effective integration is being hindered by syntactic and semantic differences between the different data resources and the alignment techniques employed. One solution to this problem is the development of an ontology that systematically defines the terms used in a specific domain. Ontologies are used to share data from different resources, to automatically analyse information and to represent domain knowledge for non-experts. Here, we present MAO, a new ontology for multiple alignments of nucleic and protein sequences. MAO is designed to improve interoperation and data sharing between different alignment protocols for the construction of a high quality, reliable multiple alignment in order to facilitate knowledge extraction and the presentation of the most pertinent information to the biologist. C1 Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Bioinformat Ctr, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inst Biol Mol & Cellulaire, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. RP Thompson, JD (reprint author), Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries,BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM julie@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr RI Katoh, Kazutaka/C-6677-2009; Thompson, Julie/F-3208-2010; Koehl, Patrice/K-5708-2013; OI Koehl, Patrice/0000-0002-0908-068X; Katoh, Kazutaka/0000-0003-4133-8393 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 13 BP 4164 EP 4171 DI 10.1093/nar/gki735 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 959KP UT WOS:000231516900021 PM 16043635 ER PT J AU Golan, G Zharkov, DO Feinberg, H Fernandes, AS Zaika, EI Kycia, JH Grollman, AP Shoham, G AF Golan, G Zharkov, DO Feinberg, H Fernandes, AS Zaika, EI Kycia, JH Grollman, AP Shoham, G TI Structure of the uncomplexed DNA repair enzyme endonuclease VIII indicates significant interdomain flexibility SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 8-OXOGUANINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; SUBSTRATE DISCRIMINATION; LESION RECOGNITION; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; MODIFIED BASES; FPG PROTEIN AB Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII (Nei) excises oxidized pyrimidines from DNA. It shares significant sequence homology and similar mechanism with Fpg, a bacterial 8-oxoguanine glycosylase. The structure of a covalent Nei-DNA complex has been recently determined, revealing critical amino acid residues which are important for DNA binding and catalysis. Several Fpg structures have also been reported; however, analysis of structural dynamics of Fpg/Nei family proteins has been hindered by the lack of structures of uncomplexed and DNA-bound enzymes from the same source. We report a 2.8 angstrom resolution structure of free wild-type Nei and two structures of its inactive mutants, Nei-E2A (2.3 angstrom) and Nei-R252A (2.05 angstrom). All three structures are virtually identical, demonstrating that the mutations did not affect the overall conformation of the protein in its free state. The structures show a significant conformational change compared with the Nei structure in its complex with DNA, reflecting a similar to 50 degrees rotation of the two main domains of the enzyme. Such interdomain flexibility has not been reported previously for any DNA glycosylase and may present the first evidence for a global DNA-induced conformational change in this class of enzymes. Several local but functionally relevant structural changes are also evident in other parts of the enzyme. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Lab Struct Chem & Biol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Russian Acad Sci, Inst CHem Biol & Fundamental Med, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shoham, G (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM gil2@vms.huji.ac.il RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17395, R37 CA017395, R01 CA017395] NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 15 BP 5006 EP 5016 DI 10.1093/nar/gki796 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 965BT UT WOS:000231925700038 PM 16145054 ER PT J AU Shin, JT Priest, JR Ovcharenko, I Ronco, A Moore, RK Burns, CG MacRae, CA AF Shin, JT Priest, JR Ovcharenko, I Ronco, A Moore, RK Burns, CG MacRae, CA TI Human-zebrafish non-coding conserved elements act in vivo to regulate transcription SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION; TRANSGENIC ZEBRAFISH; GENE DESERTS; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER; SEQUENCES; GENOME; EVOLUTION; EMBRYOS; REGION AB Whole genome comparisons of distantly related species effectively predict biologically important sequences-core genes and cis-acting regulatory elements (REs)-but require experimentation to verify biological activity. To examine the efficacy of comparative genomics in identification of active REs from anonymous, non-coding (NC) sequences, we generated a novel alignment of the human and draft zebrafish genomes, and contrasted this set to existing human and fugu datasets. We tested the transcriptional regulatory potential of candidate sequences using two in vivo assays. Strict selection of non-genic elements which are deeply conserved in vertebrate evolution identifies 1744 core vertebrate REs in human and two fish genomes. We tested 16 elements in vivo for cis-acting gene regulatory properties using zebrafish transient transgenesis and found that 10 (63%) strongly modulate tissue-specific expression of a green fluorescent protein reporter vector. We also report a novel quantitative enhancer assay with potential for increased throughput based on normalized luciferase activity in vivo. This complementary system identified 11 (69%; including 9 of 10 GFP-confirmed elements) with cis-acting function. Together, these data support the utility of comparative genomics of distantly related vertebrate species to identify REs and provide a scaleable, in vivo quantitative assay to define functional activity of candidate REs. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Cardiol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Gen Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DOE Joint Gen Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shin, JT (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. EM jshin1@partners.org; cmacrae@partners.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R25 HL088728, 5T32HL007208, HL88728, K08 HL068711, R24HL70580, T32 HL007208]; NIA NIH HHS [K01 AG023562]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R21 GM075946] NR 35 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 17 BP 5437 EP 5445 DI 10.1093/nar/gki853 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 974LS UT WOS:000232593700016 PM 16179648 ER PT J AU Overbeek, R Begley, T Butler, RM Choudhuri, JV Chuang, HY Cohoon, M de Crecy-Lagard, V Diaz, N Disz, T Edwards, R Fonstein, M Frank, ED Gerdes, S Glass, EM Goesmann, A Hanson, A Iwata-Reuyl, D Jensen, R Jamshidi, N Krause, L Kubal, M Larsen, N Linke, B McHardy, AC Meyer, F Neuweger, H Olsen, G Olson, R Osterman, A Portnoy, V Pusch, GD Rodionov, DA Ruckert, C Steiner, J Stevens, R Thiele, I Vassieva, O Ye, Y Zagnitko, O Vonstein, V AF Overbeek, R Begley, T Butler, RM Choudhuri, JV Chuang, HY Cohoon, M de Crecy-Lagard, V Diaz, N Disz, T Edwards, R Fonstein, M Frank, ED Gerdes, S Glass, EM Goesmann, A Hanson, A Iwata-Reuyl, D Jensen, R Jamshidi, N Krause, L Kubal, M Larsen, N Linke, B McHardy, AC Meyer, F Neuweger, H Olsen, G Olson, R Osterman, A Portnoy, V Pusch, GD Rodionov, DA Ruckert, C Steiner, J Stevens, R Thiele, I Vassieva, O Ye, Y Zagnitko, O Vonstein, V TI The subsystems approach to genome annotation and its use in the project to annotate 1000 genomes SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COENZYME-A; PANTOTHENATE KINASE; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; BIOSYNTHESIS; GENES; DEFICIENCY; DATABASE; ARCHAEA; ENZYMES AB The release of the 1000(th) complete microbial genome will occur in the next two to three years. In anticipation of this milestone, the Fellowship for Interpretation of Genomes (FIG) launched the Project to Annotate 1000 Genomes. The project is built around the principle that the key to improved accuracy in high-throughput annotation technology is to have experts annotate single subsystems over the complete collection of genomes, rather than having an annotation expert attempt to annotate all of the genes in a single genome. Using the subsystems approach, all of the genes implementing the subsystem are analyzed by an expert in that subsystem. An annotation environment was created where populated subsystems are curated and projected to new genomes. A portable notion of a populated subsystem was defined, and tools developed for exchanging and curating these objects. Tools were also developed to resolve conflicts between populated subsystems. The SEED is the first annotation environment that supports this model of annotation. Here, we describe the subsystem approach, and offer the first release of our growing library of populated subsystems. The initial release of data includes 180 177 distinct proteins with 2133 distinct functional roles. This data comes from 173 subsystems and 383 different organisms. C1 Fellowship Interpretat Genomes, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Int NRW Grad Sch Bioinformat & Genome Res, Inst Genome Res, D-33594 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Informat Transmiss Problems, Moscow 101447, Russia. San Diego State Univ, Ctr Microbial Sci, San Diego, CA 92813 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Danish Genome Inst, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cleveland BioLabs Inc, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Vonstein, V (reprint author), Fellowship Interpretat Genomes, 15W155 81st St, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. EM Veronika@theFIG.info RI Frank, Edward/A-8865-2012; Krause, Lutz/G-6283-2013; Krause, Lutz/M-7305-2015; Thiele, Ines/A-7629-2014; OI Krause, Lutz/0000-0003-3806-0845; Krause, Lutz/0000-0003-3806-0845; Thiele, Ines/0000-0002-8071-7110; Rodionov, Dmitry/0000-0002-0939-390X; Meyer, Folker/0000-0003-1112-2284; Ruckert, Christian/0000-0002-9722-4435 NR 30 TC 873 Z9 900 U1 6 U2 88 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 17 BP 5691 EP 5702 DI 10.1093/nar/gki866 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 974LS UT WOS:000232593700041 PM 16214803 ER PT J AU Gardner, SN Lam, MW Smith, JR Torres, CL Slezak, TR AF Gardner, SN Lam, MW Smith, JR Torres, CL Slezak, TR TI Draft versus finished sequence data for DNA and protein diagnostic signature development SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Sequencing pathogen genomes is costly, demanding careful allocation of limited sequencing resources. We built a computational Sequencing Analysis Pipeline (SAP) to guide decisions regarding the amount of genomic sequencing necessary to develop high-quality diagnostic DNA and protein signatures. SAP uses simulations to estimate the number of target genomes and close phylogenetic relatives (near neighbors or NNs) to sequence. We use SAP to assess whether draft data are sufficient or finished sequencing is required using Marburg and variola virus sequences. Simulations indicate that intermediate to high-quality draft with error rates of 10(-3)-10(-5) (similar to 8x coverage) of target organisms is suitable for DNA signature prediction. Low-quality draft with error rates of similar to 1% (3x to 6x coverage) of target isolates is inadequate for DNA signature prediction, although low-quality draft of NNs is sufficient, as long as the target genomes are of high quality. For protein signature prediction, sequencing errors in target genomes substantially reduce the detection of amino acid sequence conservation, even if the draft is of high quality. In summary, high-quality draft of target and low-quality draft of NNs appears to be a cost-effective investment for DNA signature prediction, but may lead to underestimation of predicted protein signatures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gardner, SN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gardner26@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 18 BP 5838 EP 5850 DI 10.1093/nar/gki896 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 980VK UT WOS:000233046100026 PM 16243783 ER PT J AU Li, XY He, ZL Zhou, JZ AF Li, XY He, ZL Zhou, JZ TI Selection of optimal oligonucleotide probes for microarrays using multiple criteria, global alignment and parameter estimation SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR THERMODYNAMICS; RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; OPTIMAL DNA OLIGOS; DOT-T MISMATCHES; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE DEPENDENCE; INTERNAL LOOPS; DESIGN; PREDICTION; ARRAYS AB The oligonucleotide specificity for microarray hybridization can be predicted by its sequence identity to non-targets, continuous stretch to non-targets, and/or binding free energy to non-targets. Most currently available programs only use one or two of these criteria, which may choose 'false' specific oligonucleotides or miss 'true' optimal probes in a considerable proportion. We have developed a software tool, called CommOligo using new algorithms and all three criteria for selection of optimal oligonucleotide probes. A series of filters, including sequence identity, free energy, continuous stretch, GC content, self-annealing, distance to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and melting temperature (T-m), are used to check each possible oligonucleotide. A sequence identity is calculated based on gapped global alignments. A traversal algorithm is used to generate alignments for free energy calculation. The optimal T-m interval is determined based on probe candidates that have passed all other filters. Final probes are picked using a combination of user-configurable piece-wise linear functions and an iterative process. The thresholds for identity, stretch and free energy filters are automatically determined from experimental data by an accessory software tool, CommOligo_PE (CommOligo Parameter Estimator). The program was used to design probes for both whole-genome and highly homologous sequence data. CommOligo and CommOligo_PE are freely available to academic users upon request. C1 Perkin Elmer Life & Analyt Sci, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Perkin Elmer Life & Analyt Sci, 549 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM zhouj@ornl.gov RI He, Zhili/C-2879-2012 NR 35 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 19 BP 6114 EP 6123 DI 10.1093/nar/gki914 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 987BR UT WOS:000233493900013 PM 16246912 ER PT J AU Drysdale, RA Crosby, MA AF Drysdale, RA Crosby, MA CA FlyBase Consortium TI FlyBase: genes and gene models SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPOSITORY; EXPRESSION; DATABASE AB FlyBase (http://flybase.org) is the primary repository of genetic and molecular data of the insect family Drosophilidae. For the most extensively studied species, Drosophila melanogaster, a wide range of data are presented in integrated formats. Data types include mutant phenotypes, molecular characterization of mutant alleles and aberrations, cytological maps, wild-type expression patterns, anatomical images, transgenic constructs and insertions, sequence-level gene models and molecular classification of gene product functions. There is a growing body of data for other Drosophila species; this is expected to increase dramatically over the next year, with the completion of draft-quality genomic sequences of an additional 11 Drosphila species. C1 Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Drysdale, RA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Biol Labs, 16 Divin Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rd120@gen.cam.ac.uk OI Foulger, Rebecca/0000-0001-8682-8754; Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P41 HG000739, P41 HG00739] NR 19 TC 235 Z9 240 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 33 SI SI BP D390 EP D395 DI 10.1093/nar/gki046 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 890PW UT WOS:000226524300080 PM 15608223 ER PT J AU Hoskins, RA Stapleton, M George, RA Yu, C Wan, KH Carlson, JW Celniker, SE AF Hoskins, RA Stapleton, M George, RA Yu, C Wan, KH Carlson, JW Celniker, SE TI Rapid and efficient cDNA library screening by self-ligation of inverse PCR products (SLIP) SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FULL-LENGTH CDNAS; MAMMALIAN GENE COLLECTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENOMIC DNA; AMPLIFICATION; DISCOVERY; RESOURCE; PROJECT AB cDNA cloning is a central technology in molecular biology. cDNA sequences are used to determine mRNA transcript structures, including splice junctions, open reading frames (ORFs) and 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). cDNA clones are valuable reagents for functional studies of genes and proteins. Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) sequencing is the method of choice for recovering cDNAs representing many of the transcripts encoded in a eukaryotic genome. However, EST sequencing samples a cDNA library at random, and it recovers transcripts with low expression levels inefficiently. We describe a PCR-based method for directed screening of plasmid cDNA libraries. We demonstrate its utility in a screen of libraries used in our Drosophila EST projects for 153 transcription factor genes that were not represented by full-length cDNA clones in our Drosophila Gene Collection. We recovered high-quality, full-length cDNAs for 72 genes and variously compromised clones for an additional 32 genes. The method can be used at any scale, from the isolation of cDNA clones for a particular gene of interest, to the improvement of large gene collections in model organisms and the human. Finally, we discuss the relative merits of directed cDNA library screening and RT-PCR approaches. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Dept Genome Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Celniker, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Dept Genome Biol, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 64-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM celniker@fruitfly.org FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG002673, R01 HG002673] NR 41 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 21 AR e185 DI 10.1093/nar/gni184 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 993XI UT WOS:000233990400004 PM 16326860 ER PT J AU Pemov, A Modi, H Chandler, DP Bavykin, S AF Pemov, A Modi, H Chandler, DP Bavykin, S TI DNA analysis with multiplex microarray-enhanced PCR SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOLID-PHASE AMPLIFICATION; OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE MICROCHIPS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; IMMOBILIZED PCR; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; GENOMIC DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; ARRAYS AB We have developed a highly sensitive method for DNA analysis on 3D gel element microarrays, a technique we call multiplex microarray-enhanced PCR (MME-PCR). Two amplification strategies are carried out simultaneously in the reaction chamber: on or within gel elements, and in bulk solution over the gel element array. MME-PCR is initiated by multiple complex primers containing gene-specific, forward and reverse, sequences appended to the 3' end of a universal amplification primer. The complex primer pair is covalently tethered through its 5' end to the polyacryl-amide backbone. In the bulk solution above the gel element array, a single pair of unattached universal primers simultaneously directs pseudo-monoplex PCR of all targets according to normal solution-phase PCR. The presence of a single universal PCR primer pair in solution accelerates amplification within gel elements and eliminates the problem of primer interference that is common to conventional multiplex PCR. We show 10(6)-fold amplification of targeted DNA after 50 cycles with average amplification efficiency 1.34 per cycle, and demonstrate specific on-chip amplification of six genes in Bacillus subtilis. All six genes were detected at 4.5 pg of bacterial genomic DNA (equivalent to 10(3) genomes) in 60 independent amplification reactions performed simultaneously in single reaction chamber. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Biodetect Technol Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bavykin, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Biodetect Technol Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sbavykin@anl.gov NR 41 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 AR e11 DI 10.1093/nar/gnh184 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 896NO UT WOS:000226941000001 PM 15661850 ER PT J AU Wong, KY Su, J Knize, MG Koh, WP Seow, A AF Wong, KY Su, J Knize, MG Koh, WP Seow, A TI Dietary exposure to heterocyclic Amines in a Chinese population SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY-GLAND CARCINOGENESIS; FOOD-DERIVED CARCINOGEN; AROMATIC-AMINES; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; BREAST-CANCER; COOKED FOODS; MEAT INTAKE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; MODEL SYSTEMS; UNITED-STATES AB Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed in meat during high-temperature cooking have been associated with risk of colorectal and breast cancer. Incidence of these cancers is increasing in Singapore, a country with 77% ethnic Chinese. The purpose of this study was to estimate HAA levels in the Chinese diet and individual levels of exposure to these compounds because little is known. Twenty-five samples (each pooled from three sources) of meat and fish, cooked as commonly consumed, were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for concentrations (ng/g) of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3, 4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3, 4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino -1,6-dimethylfuro[3,2-e]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and 2amino-1 -methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Dietary meat consumption data (g/day), including meat type and cooking method, were gathered from food-frequency questionnaires completed by 497 randomly sampled Chinese men and women aged 20-59 yr PhIP MeIQx, and 4,8-DiMeIQx were the most abundant HAAs detected. Total HAA concentrations ranged from < 0.10 to 6.77 ng/g, of which Chinese-style roasted pork had the highest levels. The estimated mean daily exposure to HAA was 49.95 ng/day (P-10 14.0 ng/day, P-90 95.8 ng/day); this was 50% higher among younger (20-39 yr) compared with older individuals. Seven specific meat-cooking method combinations contributed 90.1% of this intake, namely, pan-fried fish, pork, and chicken, deep-fried chicken as well as fish, roasted/barbecued pork, and grilled minced beef. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Med, Dept Community Occupat & Family Med, Singapore 117597, Singapore. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seow, A (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Fac Med, Dept Community Occupat & Family Med, 16 Med Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore. EM cofseowa@nus.edu.sg RI Wong, Kin Yoke/R-9502-2016 OI Wong, Kin Yoke/0000-0002-1276-7060 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1207/s15327914nc5202_5 PG 9 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 979BE UT WOS:000232916300005 PM 16201846 ER PT B AU Linder, EV AF Linder, EV CA SNAP Collaboration BE Wolff, SC Lauer, TR TI Observing dark energy with SNAP SO Observing Dark Energy, Proceedings SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Observing Dark Energy CY MAR 18-20, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CONSTRAINTS AB The nature of dark energy is of such fundamental importance-yet such a mystery-that a dedicated dark energy experiment should be as comprehensive and powerfully incisive as possible. The Supernova/Acceleration Probe robustly controls for a wide variety of systematic uncertainties, employing the Type Ia supernova distance method, with high signal-to-noise light curves and spectra over the full redshift range from z = 0.1 - 1.7, and the weak gravitational lensing method with an accurate and stable point spread function. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Linder, EV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-206-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 339 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDI46 UT WOS:000233599200010 ER PT B AU Wester, W AF Wester, W CA Dark Energy Survey Collaboration BE Wolff, SC Lauer, TR TI Dark Energy Survey and Camera SO Observing Dark Energy, Proceedings SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Observing Dark Energy CY MAR 18-20, 2004 CL Tucson, AZ ID SUPERNOVAE AB We describe the Dark Energy Survey and Camera. The survey will image 5000 sq. deg. in the southern sky to collect 300 million galaxies, 30,000 galaxy clusters, and 2000 Type Ia supernovae. We expect to derive a value for the dark energy equation of state parameter, w, to a precision of 5% by combining four distinct measurement techniques. We describe the mosaic camera, which will consist of CCDs with enhanced sensitivity in the near infrared. The camera will be mounted at the prime focus of the 4-m Blanco telescope. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wester, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-206-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2005 VL 339 BP 152 EP 156 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BDI46 UT WOS:000233599200016 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Xu, XB Ozgokmen, TM Chassignet, EP Peters, H Fischer, PF AF Chang, YS Xu, XB Ozgokmen, TM Chassignet, EP Peters, H Fischer, PF TI Comparison of gravity current mixing parameterizations and calibration using a high-resolution 3D nonhydrostatic spectral element model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATION; MEDITERRANEAN OUTFLOW PLUME; TURBULENT ENTRAINMENT; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DENSITY CURRENTS; DENMARK STRAIT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEA OUTFLOW; RED-SEA AB In light of the pressing need for development and testing of reliable parameterizations of gravity current entrainment in ocean general circulation models, two existing entrainment parameterization schemes, K-profile parameterization (KPP) and one based on Turner's work (TP), are compared using idealized experiments of dense water flow over a constant-slope wedge using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). It is found that the gravity current entrainment resulting from KPP and TP differ significantly from one another. Parameters of KPP and TP are then calibrated using results from the high-order nonhydrostatic spectral element model Nek5000. It is shown that a very good agreement can be reached between the HYCOM simulations with KPP and TP, even though these schemes are quite different from each other. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, MPO, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu NR 72 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3-4 BP 342 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.11.002 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 942GJ UT WOS:000230270600005 ER PT J AU Peacock, S Maltrud, M Bleck, R AF Peacock, S Maltrud, M Bleck, R TI Putting models to the data test: a case study using Indian Ocean CFC-11 data SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ocean circulation; tracers; modelling ID ISOPYCNIC COORDINATE MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION MODELS; CO2 FLUXES; CARBON; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT AB A method is presented for comparing time-averaged model output with snapshot data. The focus is on a comparison between the cholorofluorocarbon CFC-11 simulated in the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model, and the near-synoptic Indian Ocean World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) CFC data-set collected in 1995. In the thermocline, the simulated fields fairly closely approximate the observations. We seek to distinguish between regions in which there is room for improvement in the model physics. and regions where the mismatch is the result of comparing time-averaged model fields with snapshot data. CFC variance is estimated using an eddy-permitting Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) simulation. The results indicate that the widespread method of visual comparison of vertically-gridded data with model output might lead to misattribution of model deficiencies in regions of high oceanic variability. It is suggested that consideration of error-bars obtained from eddy-permitting model simulations in future model-data comparisons could help avoid such potentially erroneous conclusions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peacock, S (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM synte@geosci.uchicago.edu NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.02.004 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 889HF UT WOS:000226433400001 ER PT J AU Herrnstein, A Wickett, M Rodrigue, G AF Herrnstein, A Wickett, M Rodrigue, G TI Structured adaptive mesh refinement using leapfrog time integration on a staggered grid for ocean models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE mathematical models; computation; shallow water; wave reflection ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; SCHEME AB A leapfrog time integration technique for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is presented and compared to single-step and multi-step two time-level integrators for a standard 2D advection test case with timevarying, but specified, refinement. Leapfrog gives error and run times comparable to those of the two time-level integrators. A second advection test case is performed to demonstrate how reflections at coarse/fine interfaces produced by leapfrog can be damped using edge smoothing. A strategy for staggered grid AMR is presented with velocities defined at cell vertices and tracer and pressure variables defined at cell centres (B-grid). A barotropic modon test case using numerics from a well-documented ocean model is used to demonstrate the ability of staggered grid AMR on a geophysical application. Again refinement regions are time-varying, but specified by the analytic solution. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Herrnstein, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, 3001 Engn 3, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aherrnst@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 283 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.07.002 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 910YC UT WOS:000227967100004 ER PT J AU Maltrud, ME McClean, JL AF Maltrud, ME McClean, JL TI An eddy resolving global 1/10 degrees ocean simulation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE modelling; ocean circulation ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VOLUME TRANSPORTS; WATER PROPERTIES; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HEAT-FLUX; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB Initial results are presented from a global eddy resolving simulation using the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) general circulation model. The model has 1/10degrees horizontal spacing at the equator, employs a displaced pole grid in the Northern Hemisphere to allow the inclusion of the Arctic Ocean, and uses 40 vertical levels. The simulation was spun up from rest using a combination of daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and monthly observational data products for the period 1979-1993 as surface forcing. As expected, the simulation exhibits extremely turbulent behavior, with eddy energy agreeing well with satellite altimetry in both location and magnitude in most high-activity areas. However, significant problems exist in the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current region, and relatively minor discrepancies occur elsewhere. Overall, the general circulation is well represented, with acceptable values for overturning mass and heat transports, and good agreement with transport estimates of the major current systems. This simulation represents a major step forward in high resolution ocean modeling, with applications to prediction, climate, and general ocean science. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Maltrud, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maltrud@lanl.gov NR 59 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2005 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.12.001 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 862TX UT WOS:000224515100002 ER PT B AU Candy, JV Sullivan, EJ AF Candy, JV Sullivan, EJ GP IEEE TI Sequential detection of a weak target in a hostile ocean environment SO Oceans 2005 - Europe, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2005 Europe International Conference CY JUN 20-23, 2005 CL Brest, FRANCE SP IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID MODEL-BASED APPROACH AB When the underlying physical phenomenology (medium, sediment, bottom, etc.) is space-time varying along with corresponding nonstationary statistics characterizing noise and uncertainties, then sequential methods must be applied to capture the underlying processes. Sequential detection and estimation techniques offer distinct advantages over batch methods. A reasonable signal processing approach to solve this class of problem is to employ adaptive or parametrically adaptive signal models and noise to capture these phenomena. In this paper, we develop a sequential approach to solve the signal detection problem in a nonstationary environment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-156, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9103-9 PY 2005 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Ocean; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCX53 UT WOS:000231762600046 ER PT S AU Lee, CS Lee, HJ Choi, SW Kwak, J Peden, CHF AF Lee, CS Lee, HJ Choi, SW Kwak, J Peden, CHF BE Chung, KH Shin, YH Park, SN Cho, HS Yoo, SA Min, BJ Lim, HS Yoo, KH TI Structural and catalytic properties of the alkali metal ion-exchanged Y-zeolites by Si-29 and Al-27 solid-state NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy SO ON THE CONVERGENCE OF BIO-INFORMATION-, ENVIRONMENTAL-, ENERGY-, SPACE- AND NANO-TECHNOLOGIES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Womens Conference on BIEN-Technology CY NOV 13-16, 2003 CL Paichai Univ, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP Assoc Korean Woman Sci & Engineers HO Paichai Univ DE alkali metal; Y-zeolite; solid state NMR; elemental analysis; FTIR; non-thermal plasma; catalytic activity ID NONTHERMAL PLASMA; NITROGEN-OXIDES; REDUCTION; EMISSIONS; OXIDATION AB A series of cation exchanged Y-zeolites were prepared by exchanging cations with various alkali (M+, M= Li, Na, K, Cs) metals. The structural and catalytic properties of the alkali metal exchanged Y-zeolites have been investigated by a number of analytical techniques. Comparative elemental analyses were determined by an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X-ray (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) before and after cation substitution. The framework and non-framework Al coordination and the Si/Al ratios of the Y-zeolites were investigated by MAS Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The Al NMR spectra were characterized by two 27Al resonance signals at 12 and 59 ppm, indicating the presence of the non-framework and framework Al respectively. The intensities of these resonances were used to monitor the amount of the framework and non-framework Al species in the series of exchanged zeolites. The 29Si NMR spectra were characterized by four resonance signals at -79, -84, -90, and -95 ppm. Changing the alkali metal cations in the exchanged Y-zeolites significantly altered the extent of the octahedral/tetrahedral coordination and the Si/Al ratio. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of the CO2 adsorbed on to the exchanged Y-zeolites showed a low frequency shift, as the atomic number of the exchanged alkali metal increased. In addition, the catalytic activity of these samples for NOx reduction were tested in combination with a non-thermal plasma technique and interpreted based on the above structural and spectroscopic information. C1 Keimyung Univ, Dept Chem, Taejon 704701, South Korea. Keimyung Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Taejon 704701, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Keimyung Univ, Dept Chem, Taejon 704701, South Korea. EM surfkm@kmu.ac.kr RI Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 277-279 BP 708 EP 719 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBQ59 UT WOS:000227164500116 ER PT S AU Lee, CS Noh, SH Kim, SS Suh, SH Peden, CHF AF Lee, CS Noh, SH Kim, SS Suh, SH Peden, CHF BE Chung, KH Shin, YH Park, SN Cho, HS Yoo, SA Min, BJ Lim, HS Yoo, KH TI Physical and catalytic properties of the Na-exchanged Y-zeolites with different Si/Al ratios SO ON THE CONVERGENCE OF BIO-INFORMATION-, ENVIRONMENTAL-, ENERGY-, SPACE- AND NANO-TECHNOLOGIES, PTS 1 AND 2 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Womens Conference on BIEN-Technology CY NOV 13-16, 2003 CL Paichai Univ, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP Assoc Korean Woman Sci & Engineers HO Paichai Univ DE catalytic property; Y-zeolite; Si/Al ratio; NOx conversion; non-thermal plasma-assisted catalysis ID NOX; REDUCTION; SO2 AB A series of sodium-exchanged Y-zeolites with different Si/Al ratios have been prepared from the proton and ammonium ion forms of Y-zeolite(faujasite) by means of a solution ion exchange. The prepared catalysts have been characterized by the various analytical techniques and the NOx conversion rates of the catalysts were measured with a non-thermal plasma assisted catalytic system. Specific surface areas measured by the BET increased in the order of the NaY series 780, 712, 100, 720, 760. The results of the elemental analyses showed that the Si/Al ratio of the catalysts increased gradually in the order of NaY 100, NaY 712, NaY 720, NaY 760, NaY 780. The comparison of the bulk and surface compositions indicated that the Al content on the surface was larger than that of the bulk. XRD results showed that the crystalline structures of the processed zeolites were the same as that of the zeolite Y, even when the Si/Al ratios were different. The magnitude of the lattice parameters was proportional to the results of the NOx reduction measurements, except for the case of NaY 780, in all the zeolites. TGA results showed that the amount of desorbed water gradually increased, as the ratio of the Si/Al decreased, and these results agreed with the results of the NOx conversion measurements. FTIR spectra of the CO2 adsorbed on to the catalyst surfaces showed two adsorption sites, but the chemical shifts for the different Si/Al ratios were not observed. The trend for the amount of CO2 adsorbed on to the catalysts agreed with the results of the NOx conversion measurements. The NOx conversion rates measured by the nonthermal plasma technique increased in the order of NaY 780, NaY 760, NaY 720, NaY 712, NaY 100, which is reversely proportional to the ratio of the Si/Al of the catalysts. These results indicated that the major factor influencing the catalytic activities of the zeolitic catalysts in terms of the NOx reduction was, primarily the Si/Al ratio of the bulk phase of the zeolites, and secondly the ratio of the Si/Al composing the surface of the zeolites. C1 Keimyung Univ, Dept Chem, Taejon 704701, South Korea. Keimyung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taejon 704701, South Korea. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Keimyung Univ, Dept Chem, Taejon 704701, South Korea. EM surfkm@kmu.ac.kr OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2005 VL 277-279 BP 720 EP 731 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBQ59 UT WOS:000227164500117 ER PT S AU Owens, DK Edwards, DM Cavallaro, JF Shachter, RD AF Owens, Douglas K. Edwards, Donna M. Cavallaro, John F. Shachter, Ross D. BE Brandeau, ML Sainfort, F Pierskalla, WP TI THE COST EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTIALLY EFFECTIVE HIV VACCINES SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE: A HANDBOOK OF METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE HIV; Vaccines; Cost-effectiveness analysis ID TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; INFECTIOUSNESS; REDUCTION AB Development of a vaccine remains the best hope for curtailing the worldwide pandemic caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Due to the complex biology of HIV infection, there is increasing concern that an HIV vaccine may provide incomplete protection from infection. In addition to reducing susceptibility to disease, an HIV vaccine may also prolong life in people who acquire HIV despite vaccination, and may reduce HIV transmission. We evaluated how varying degrees of vaccine efficacy for susceptibility, progression of disease, and infectivity influence the costs and benefits of a vaccine program in a population of men who have sex with men, We found that the health benefits, and thus cost effectiveness, of HIV vaccines were strikingly dependent on each of the types of vaccine efficacy. We also found that vaccines with even modest efficacy provided substantial health benefits and were cost effective or cost saving. Although development of an HIV vaccine has been extremely difficult, even a partially effective HIV vaccine could dramatically change the course of the HIV epidemic. C1 [Owens, Douglas K.] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Owens, Douglas K.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Primary Care & Outcomes Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Edwards, Donna M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Cavallaro, John F.; Shachter, Ross D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Owens, DK (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-1-4020-8066-1 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2005 VL 70 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1007/1-4020-8066-2_15 D2 10.1007/b106574 PG 16 WC Health Policy & Services; Management; Operations Research & Management Science; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science; Medical Informatics GA BLO42 UT WOS:000270672800015 ER PT S AU Baba, JS Gleason, SS Goddard, JS Paulus, MJ AF Baba, JS Gleason, SS Goddard, JS Paulus, MJ BE Priezzhev, AV Cote, GL TI Application of polarization for optical motion-registered SPECT functional imaging of tumors in mice SO Optical Diagnostics and Sensing V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics and Sensing V CY JAN 25-26, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE microSPECT; functional imaging; polarization filter; specular reflection elimination ID RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AB The use of small animal models to investigate human diseases is an integral part of the development of new diagnostic and treatment regimens. Consequently, functional imaging modalities such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are increasingly being utilized to streamline the screening of animal phenotypes and to monitor disease states, progressions, and therapies. This paper focuses on the utilization of polarization filtering to minimize specular reflection from a glass tube used for holding live human-tumor-mice during functional imaging in a dedicated small animal SPECT system. The system presented is potentially useful for the real-time non-invasive investigation of diseases, such as cancer, and drug, therapies in small animals because it utilizes optical motion-registered functional imaging that minimizes the effects of motion artifacts. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baba, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5676-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5702 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.597442 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCF24 UT WOS:000229017200014 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Denham, PE Rekawa, S AF Naulleau, PP Denham, PE Rekawa, S TI Design and implementation of a vacuum-compatible laser-based subnanometer-resolution absolute distance measurement system SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE distance measuring; focus sensing; vacuum; synchrotron radiation ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE AB We describe the design and implementation of a vacuum compatible laser-based absolute distance measurement system with subnanometer resolution. The presented system is compatible with operation in the 10(-8)-Torr range, and with some minor modifications it could be used in the 10(-9)-Torr range. The system is based on glancing incidence reflection and dual segmented diode detection. The system has been implemented as a focus sensor for extreme ultraviolet interferometry and microlithography experiments at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility. A 3sigma operational noise floor of 0.78 nm has been demonstrated. (C) 2005 Society ofPhoto-Opticailnstrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 1 AR 013605 DI 10.1117/1.1830043 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904IP UT WOS:000227489600009 ER PT S AU Chapline, G Fu, CY AF Chapline, G Fu, CY BE Saito, TT TI Inverse scattering approach to improving pattern recognition SO Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Ctr Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Ctr Florida DE Helmholtz machine; inverse scattering; brain-waves AB The Helmholtz machine provides what may be the best existing model for how the mammalian brain recognizes patterns. Based on the observation that the "wake-sleep" algorithm for training a Helmholtz machine is similar to the problem of finding the potential for a multi-channel Schrodinger equation, we propose that the construction of a Schrodinger potential using inverse scattering methods can serve as a model for how the mammalian brain learns to extract essential information from sensory data. In particular, inverse scattering theory provides a conceptual framework for imagining how one might use EEG and MEG observations of brain-waves together with sensory feedback to improve human learning and pattern recognition. Longer term, implementation of inverse scattering algorithms on a digital or optical computer could be a step towards mimicking the seamless information fusion of the mammalian brain. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chapline, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5766-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5781 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.609116 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCO32 UT WOS:000230404300015 ER PT S AU Brase, JM Poland, DN Paglieroni, DW Weinert, GF Grant, CW Lopez, AS Nikolaev, S AF Brase, JM Poland, DN Paglieroni, DW Weinert, GF Grant, CW Lopez, AS Nikolaev, S BE Saito, TT TI Image Content Engine (ICE): A system for fast image database searches SO Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics in Global Homeland Security CY MAR 29-APR 01, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Univ Ctr Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, Florida Space Inst, FOI, Swedish Defense Res Agcy, Univ Ctr Florida DE content-based image retrieval; image database; target detection ID RETRIEVAL AB The Image Content Engine (ICE) is being developed to provide cueing assistance to human image analysts faced with increasingly large and intractable amounts of image data. The ICE architecture includes user configurable feature extraction pipelines which produce intermediate feature vector and match surface files which can then be accessed by interactive relational queries. Application of the feature extraction algorithms to large collections of images may be extremely time consuming and is launched as a batch job on a Linux cluster. The query interface accesses only the intermediate files and returns candidate hits nearly instantaneously. Queries may be posed for individual objects or collections. The query interface prompts the user for feedback, and applies relevance feedback algorithms to revise the feature vector weighting and focus on relevant search results. Examples of feature extraction and both model-based and search-by-example queries are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brase, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-210, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5766-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5781 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1117/12.608828 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCO32 UT WOS:000230404300018 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, PP Rekawa, SB Denham, PE Liddle, JA Gullikson, EM Jackson, KH Anderson, EH Taylor, JS Sommargren, GE Chapman, HN Phillion, DW Johnson, M Barty, A Soufli, R Spiller, EA Walton, CC Bajt, S AF Goldberg, Kenneth A. Naulleau, Patrick P. Rekawa, Senajith B. Denham, Paul E. Liddle, J. Alexander Gullikson, Erik M. Jackson, Keith H. Anderson, Erik H. Taylor, John S. Sommargren, Gary E. Chapman, Henry N. Phillion, Donald W. Johnson, Michael Barty, Anton Soufli, Regina Spiller, Eberhard A. Walton, Christopher C. Bajt, Sasa BE Citterio, O ODell, SL TI Ultra-high accuracy optical testing: creating diffraction-limited short-wavelength optical systems SO OPTICS FOR EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy II CY AUG 03, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE extreme ultraviolet; EUV; optics; diffraction-limited; interferometry AB Since 1993, research in the fabrication of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical imaging systems, conducted by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), has produced the highest resolution optical systems ever made. We have pioneered the development of ultra-high-accuracy optical testing and alignment methods, working at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths, and pushing wavefront-measuring interferometry into the 2-20-nm wavelength range (60-600 eV). These coherent measurement techniques, including lateral shearing interferometry and phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry (PS/PDI) have achieved RMS wavefront measurement accuracies of 0.5-1-angstrom and better for primary aberration terms, enabling the creation of diffraction-limited EUV optics. The measurement accuracy is established using careful null-testing procedures, and has been verified repeatedly through high-resolution imaging. We believe these methods are broadly applicable to the advancement of short-wavelength optical systems including space telescopes, microscope objectives, projection lenses, synchrotron beamline optics, diffractive and holographic optics, and more. Measurements have been performed on a tunable undulator beamline at LBNL's Advanced Light Source (ALS), optimized for high coherent flux; although many of these techniques should be adaptable to alternative ultraviolet, EUV, and soft x-ray light sources. To date, we have measured nine prototype all-reflective EUV optical systems with NA values between 0.08 and 0.30 (f/6.25 to f/1.67). These projection-imaging lenses were created for the semiconductor industry's advanced research in EUV photolithography, a technology slated for introduction in 2009-13. This paper reviews the methods used and our program's accomplishments to date. C1 [Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Naulleau, Patrick P.; Rekawa, Senajith B.; Denham, Paul E.; Liddle, J. Alexander; Gullikson, Erik M.; Jackson, Keith H.; Anderson, Erik H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-5905-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2005 VL 5900 AR 59000G DI 10.1117/12.618066 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BRX39 UT WOS:000283844000015 ER PT B AU Pennington, DM AF Pennington, DM BE Foy, R Foy, FC TI Laser technologies for laser guided adaptive optics SO Optics in Astrophysics SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Optics in Astrophysics CY SEP 16-28, 2002 CL Cargese, FRANCE SP NATO Adv Study Inst DE lasers; laser guide star; adaptice optics; sum-frequency lasers; fiber lasers; Raman lasers ID MESOSPHERIC SODIUM LAYER; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; RESONANCE RADIATION; ATMOSPHERIC SODIUM; SYNTHETIC BEACON; MAUNA-KEA; STAR; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE AB The principles of the laser guide star (LGS) for adaptive optics (AO) are described, as well as the physical processes involved in their generation. System design issues are addressed, such as laser spot elongation and brightness. The two main families of LGS, based either on Rayleigh or sodium resonant scattering are discussed in terms of performances and of laser technologies required to match requirements. LGS aided AO systems built for astronomical telescopes are described, with a special emphasis for the Lick and Keck systems which are the only ones in routine operation for science. The future 30-100 m telescopes need an intense R&D program for a new generation of robust turn key lasers. These lasers must be compact, have nearly diffraction limited beam quality with 10 to 50 W output at 589 nm. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pennington, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-183, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-3435-0 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2005 VL 198 BP 207 EP 248 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BDU52 UT WOS:000235464500014 ER PT J AU Tseng, SH Greene, JH Taflove, A Maitland, D Backman, V Walsh, JT AF Tseng, SH Greene, JH Taflove, A Maitland, D Backman, V Walsh, JT TI Exact solution of Maxwell's equations for optical interactions with a macroscopic random medium: addendum SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This Addendum provides a revised set of figures containing converged numerical data for total scattering cross section (TSCS), replacing the figures in our recent publication [Opt. Lett. 29, 1393 (2004)]. Due to the use of an overly large time step, our original TSCS data exhibited a systematic, nonphysical diminution above 150 THz for all cases studied. We have determined that numerical convergence in the temporal sense for the pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) algorithm employed previously requires limiting the time step to no more than 1/60th of the sinusoidal period at the maximum frequency of interest, which in the previous case was 300 THz. This is an important point that we hereby report to future users of PSTD simulations in electrodynamics and optics. Note that all our original conclusions remain valid. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Tseng, SH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM s-tseng@northwest-ern.edu RI Backman, Vadim/B-6689-2009; Taflove, Allen/B-7275-2009; Walsh, Joseph/B-7636-2009; OI TSENG, SNOW-HONG/0000-0003-1743-801X NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 1 BP 56 EP 57 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000056 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 883BA UT WOS:000225983800018 PM 15648636 ER PT S AU Protopopescu, V Barhen, J AF Protopopescu, V Barhen, J BE Qi, L Teo, K Yang, X TI Quantum algorithm for continuous global optimization SO OPTIMIZATION AND CONTROL WITH APPLICATIONS SE Applied Optimization LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Optimization and Control With Applications CY JUL 09-17, 2001 CL ERICE, ITALY DE global optimization; search; Grover's quantum algorithm AB We investigate the entwined roles played by information and quantum algorithms in reducing the complexity of the global optimization problem (GOP). We show that: (i) a modest amount of additional information is sufficient to map the general continuous GOP into the (discrete) Grover problem; (ii) while this additional information is actually available in some classes of GOPs, it cannot be taken advantage of within classical optimization algorithms; (iii) on the contrary, quantum algorithms offer a natural framework for the efficient use of this information, resulting in a speed-up of the solution of the GOP. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Protopopescu, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1384-6485 BN 0-387-24254-6 J9 APPL OPTIM PY 2005 VL 96 BP 293 EP 303 PG 11 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BBU31 UT WOS:000227837400013 ER PT S AU Minogue, EM Havrilla, GJ Taylor, TP Burrell, AK Warner, BP AF Minogue, EM Havrilla, GJ Taylor, TP Burrell, AK Warner, BP BE Byrne, HJ Lewis, E MacCraith, BD McGlynn, E McLaughlin, JA OSullivan, GD Ryder, AG Walsh, JE TI Micro X-ray fluorescence as a high throughput screening method for metal chelating compounds SO Opto-Ireland 2005: Optical Sensing and Spectroscopy SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Opto-Ireland 2005 Conference CY APR 05-06, 2005 CL Dublin, IRELAND SP SPIE Europe, Enterprise Ireland, Sci Fdn Ireland, Failte Ireland DE high throughput screening; peptides; selective metal binding; micro x-ray fluorescence; combinatorial chemistry ID COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; CATALYST LIBRARIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Micro X-ray Fluorescence (MXRF) has proven to be a powerful tool in the rapid and quantitative means of screening oliogpeptides(1). MXRF is a non-destructive method of analysis, which can detect elemental composition of a sample by measuring its characteristic X-ray emission wavelengths or energies. An effective high throughput screening technique is described for the rapid screening of bead-based libraries by MXRF in order to identify suitable chelating agents that will bind metals found in radioactive dispersive devices. It is a sensitive technique which in conjunction with the wide range of chemistry inherent in peptide libraries (e.g. varying charge, length, hydrophobicity, aromaticity etc.), provides a rapid and quantitative means for screening chelator - ion binding. The method involves the selection of a suitable library of ligands; in this case it is a bead-based library of peptides. The library is exposed to the cation of interest and immobilized on to a microarray. The array is then analyzed by MXRF enabling rapid identification of chelating agents. This enables the screening of approximately 27,500 sequences per day. Initial experiments carried out successfully identified sequences that are selective for Co under certain binding conditions. This involved the screening of 8,400 sequences in adverse environmental conditions containing possible interferences (e.g. Ca, Fe, Al, Cs, Ir), which could be encountered in our application. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Minogue, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5811-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5826 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.605260 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BCT93 UT WOS:000231202200010 ER PT S AU Welty, RJ Bond, TC Behymer, E Pocha, M Loomis, G Wolfe, J Vernon, S AF Welty, RJ Bond, TC Behymer, E Pocha, M Loomis, G Wolfe, J Vernon, S BE Eldada, LA Lee, EH TI Integrated laser with low-loss high index-contrast waveguides for OEICs SO Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits VII CY JAN 25-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE photonic integrated circuits; electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching; dielectric waveguides; edge emitting laser; etched facet AB Photonic integrated circuits require the ability to integrate both lasers and waveguides; with low absorption and coupling loss. This technology is being developed at LLNL for digital logic gates for optical key generation circuits to facilitate secure communications. Here, we demonstrate an approach of integrating InGaAs DQW edge en-fitting lasers (EEL) with electron beam evaporated dielectric waveguides. The EELs are defined by electron cyclotron resonance etching (ECR). This approach results in highly anisotropic etched mirrors with smooth etched features (sidewall rms roughness = 28 angstrom, surface rms roughness = 10 angstrom). The mirror is etched to form both the laser cavity and define the waveguide mesa, which accommodates a dielectric stack, where the core is aligned with the active region of the laser to achieve maximum vertical mode overlapping. The waveguides are based on SiO2/Fa(2)O(5)/SiO2 which yields a high index contrast of 0.6, resulting in low loss guides (similar to 2-3dB/cm). The design of the interface has taken into account the waveguide transmission loss, air gap spacing and tilt between the laser and waveguide. The critical feature for this deposition technique is its required high directionality or minimal sidewall deposition and corner effects. In the butt coupled EEL/waveguide system we have measured a slope efficiency to be as high as 0.45 W/A. We have in conclusion demonstrated a technology that allows direct coupling of a dielectric optical interconnect to a semiconductor laser monolithically fabricated on the semiconductor substrate. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Welty, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Nikolic, Rebecca/C-3618-2009 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5703-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5729 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.591182 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BCE74 UT WOS:000228896700006 ER PT S AU Subramania, G Rivera, JM AF Subramania, G Rivera, JM BE Cartwright, A Cooper, TM Karna, SP Nakanishi, H TI Prototyping of three-dimensional photonic crystal structures using electron-beam lithography SO Organic and Nanocomposite Optical Materials SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic and Nanocomposite Optical Materials held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 28-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP MRS ID HOLOGRAPHIC LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; SILICON; LIGHT AB We demonstrate the fabrication of a three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystal in the near-infrared regime using a layer-by-layer approach involving electron-beam lithography and spin-on-glass planarization. Using this approach we have shown that we can make structures with lattice spacings as small as 550 nm with silicon as well as gold thus allowing for fabrication of photonic crystals with omnidirectional gap in the visible and near-IR. As a proof of concept we performed optical reflectivity and transmission measurements on a silicon structure which reveal peaks and valleys expected for a photonic band gap structure. The approach described here can be scaled down to smaller lattice constants (down to similar to 400 nm) and can also be used with a variety of materials (dielectric and metallic) thus enabling rapid prototyping full three-dimensional photonic bandgap based photonic devices in the visible. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Subramania, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-794-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 846 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO27 UT WOS:000230391000046 ER PT J AU Collis, GE Campbell, WM Officer, DL Burrell, AK AF Collis, GE Campbell, WM Officer, DL Burrell, AK TI The design and synthesis of porphyrin/oligiothiophene hybrid monomers SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZED CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PORPHYRIN; POLYTHIOPHENES; TERTHIOPHENE; TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRINS; CONVERSION AB In an effort to build effective photovoltaic cells based on porphyrin-functionalised polythiophenes we have focused on synthetic routes to three monomer types. By controlling the geometric structure of the monomer, oxidation of these materials should produce polymers with different architectural structures, and as a result, different opto-electronic properties. Employing Wittig protocols allowed access to monomers in which the porphyrin moiety is connected to the beta-position of the thiophene via an alkene linkage. In addition, monomers were constructed using porphyrin condensation methods to afford alpha-thiophene meso-substituted porphryins. Another set of monomers was also prepared via porphyrin condensation routes, but instead utilising beta-formylthiophenes. By utilising different formyloligothiophenes we were able to generate a series of monomers that can be used to control the loading of the porphyrin in the polythiophene matrix. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Officer, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C-SIC,Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM D.Officer@massey.ac.nz; Burrell@lanl.gov RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012; Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011 NR 73 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-0520 J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM JI Org. Biomol. Chem. PY 2005 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2075 EP 2084 DI 10.1039/b502517f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 929VA UT WOS:000229373500007 PM 15917892 ER PT J AU Mertz, C Kleber, M Jahn, R AF Mertz, C Kleber, M Jahn, R TI Soil organic matter stabilization pathways in clay sub-fractions from a time series of fertilizer deprivation SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON; PYROLYSIS; MINERALS; NITROGEN; STABILITY; COMPLEXES; PRAIRIE; MATRIX AB We have employed pyrolysis field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) to elucidate potential differences in soil organic matter stabilization pathways among clay size fractions taken from a time series corresponding to 18, 44 and 98 years of fertilizer deprivation at Bad Lauchstadt, Germany. Fine clay fractions contained greater quantities of carbohydrates and more peptides but lower quantities of lignin dinners and lipid than coarse clay fractions. Upon prolonged fertilizer deprivation, the organic matter composition remained more or less constant in the fine clay fractions. After 98 years of deprivation, the organic matter in the coarse clay fractions seemed to approach the compound class distribution in the fine clay fractions. The thermal energy required to volatilize organic matter was higher for the fine clay fractions. The thermal stability of organic matter associated with fine clay was constant over time, while that of carbon associated with coarse clay increased with prolonged fertilizer deprivation in the range 10-50 K depending on the compound class. The organic matter associated with the coarse clay fraction responded to fertilizer deprivation by way of both a compositional change approaching the compound class distribution in the fine clay and an increase in thermal stability approaching the conditions encountered in the fine clay. The compound class distribution in the fine clay fraction related more closely to the NaF-reactive hydroxyl groups than that in the coarse clay fractions. Oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe-0) normalised to the surface area related to the compound class abundance in the coarse clay, but not in the fine clay. We interpret this as an indication of a relationship between mineral surface reactivity and organic matter composition. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Soil Sci & Plant Nutr, D-06108 Halle Saale, Germany. RP Kleber, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkleber@lbl.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2005 VL 36 IS 9 BP 1311 EP 1322 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.03.009 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 972RM UT WOS:000232470900008 ER PT S AU Loy, DA Small, JH DeFriend, KA Wilson, KV Minke, M Baugher, BM Baugher, CR Schneider, DA Shea, KJ AF Loy, DA Small, JH DeFriend, KA Wilson, KV Minke, M Baugher, BM Baugher, CR Schneider, DA Shea, KJ BE Sanchez, C Schubert, U Laine, RM Chujo, Y TI Evolution of porosity and morphology in alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels as a function of gel aging time SO Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS AB Aging of silica gels before drying is known to result in significant changes in xerogel morphology, porosity and properties. In this study, the influence of aging gets on the porosity and morphology of alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels was examined. Gels of hexylene-, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, and decylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of the respective bis(trimethoxysilyl)alkane monomers under acidic or basic conditions in methanol and in tetrahydrofuran. The gels were aged 3,7,14, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days before drying to afford xerogels. The xerogels were characterized by nitrogen sorption porosimetry. Xerogels prepared in THF were non-porous. Those prepared and aged under basic conditions in methanol or tetrahydrofuran exhibited coarsening of porosity with aging time. With the exception of the hexylene-bridged gels, those prepared and aged in acidic methanol showed little change with aging. The surface area of the hexylene-bridged xerogels nearly tripled with aging times of up to several weeks, then decreased, for the gels aged for more than two weeks, to around 100 meters squared per gram. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Polymers & Coatings, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Polymers & Coatings, POB 1662,MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-795-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 847 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCW10 UT WOS:000231499400015 ER PT S AU Loy, DA Small, JH DeFriend, KA Wilson, KV Minke, M Baugher, BM Baugher, CR Schneider, DA Shea, KJ AF Loy, DA Small, JH DeFriend, KA Wilson, KV Minke, M Baugher, BM Baugher, CR Schneider, DA Shea, KJ BE Sanchez, C Schubert, U Laine, RM Chujo, Y TI Collapse of porosity during drying of alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane gels. Influence of the bridging group length SO Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials-2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS AB The introduction of organic substituents into sol-gel materials can often result in networks that collapse during drying to afford non-porous xerogels. This can prove useful if non-porous coatings or membranes are the ultimate objectives. Collapse of porosity is also manifested in bridged polysilsesquioxanes with flexible bridging groups. Alkylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes are hybrid xerogels whose organic bridging group is an integral constituent of the network polymer that can be systematically varied to probe the influence of its length on the xerogels' porosity and morphology. Our previous studies have shown that hexylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels prepared from 1,6-bis(triethoxysilyl)hexane under acidic conditions are nonporous while the pentylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes prepared under the same conditions are porous. We also discovered that the more reactive 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane monomer could polymerize under acidic conditions to afford porous xerogels. Here, we have extended our study of bis(trimethoxysilyl)alkanes to include the heptylene (C7), octylene (C8), nonylene (C9) and decylene (C10) bridges so as to ascertain at what bridging group length the porosity collapses. The morphology of the resulting xerogels was characterized by nitrogen sorption porosimetry and electron microscopy. Solid state NMR was used to structurally characterize the materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Polymers & Coatings, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Polymers & Coatings, POB 1662,MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-795-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2005 VL 847 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BCW10 UT WOS:000231499400022 ER PT B AU Moller, P Sierk, AJ AF Moller, P Sierk, AJ BE Terasawa, M Kubono, S Kishida, T Kajino, T Motobayashi, T Nomoto, K TI Global calculations of fission barriers and beta-decay properties of neutron-rich nuclei SO ORIGIN OF MATTER & EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies 2003 CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Riken, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Riken Accelerator Res Facil, Natl Astron Observ Japan ID STRENGTH FUNCTIONS; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; ETFSI METHOD; MASSES AB Recently we have performed large-scale calculations of fission barriers in the actinide region based on five-dimensional deformation spaces with more than 3 000 000 deformation points for each potential-energy surface. We have determined new model constants. We have also extended our model to axially asymmetric shapes. We apply these techniques to the calculations of fission barriers of heavy nuclei from the line of beta stability to the r-process line. The aim is to study fission near the end of the r-process. We have also extended our model of beta-decay so that allowed Gamow-Teller transitions are treated in a quasi-particle random-phase approximation as earlier, but we now also consider first-forbidden transitions in the statistical gross theory. We discuss the properties of this enhanced model and present results of global calculations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-824-9 PY 2005 BP 254 EP 265 DI 10.1142/9789812702739_0024 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCL62 UT WOS:000229929600024 ER PT B AU Smith, MS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Meyer, RA Chae, K Guidry, MW Hix, WR Lingerfelt, EJ Ma, ZW Scott, JP Kozub, RL AF Smith, MS Bardayan, DW Blackmon, JC Meyer, RA Chae, K Guidry, MW Hix, WR Lingerfelt, EJ Ma, ZW Scott, JP Kozub, RL BE Terasawa, M Kubono, S Kishida, T Kajino, T Motobayashi, T Nomoto, K TI Recent nuclear astrophysics data activities at ORNL SO ORIGIN OF MATTER & EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES 2003 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies 2003 CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Riken, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Riken Accelerator Res Facil, Natl Astron Observ Japan AB Recent measurements with radioactive beams at ORNL's Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) have prompted the evaluation of a number of reactions involving unstable nuclei needed for stellar explosion studies. We discuss these evaluations, as well as the development of a new computational infrastructure to enable the rapid incorporation of the latest nuclear physics results in astrophysics models. This infrastructure includes programs that simplify the generation of reaction rates, manage rate databases, and visualize reaction rates, all hosted at a new website www.nucastrodata.org. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-824-9 PY 2005 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1142/9789812702739_0060 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BCL62 UT WOS:000229929600060 ER PT B AU Karklin, Y Meraz, RF Holbrook, SR AF Karklin, Y Meraz, RF Holbrook, SR BE Altman, RB Dunker, AK Hunter, L Jung, TA Klein, TE TI Classification of non-coding RNA using graph representations of secondary structure SO PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL HI ID GENES; RECOGNITION; PREDICTION; SEQUENCES; PATTERN AB Some genes produce transcripts that function directly in regulatory, catalytic, or structural roles in the cell. These non-coding RNAs are prevalent in A living organisms, and methods that aid the understanding of their functional roles are essential. RNA secondary structure, the pattern of base-pairing, contains the critical information for determining the three dimensional structure and function of the molecule. In this work we examine whether the basic geometric and topological properties of secondary structure are sufficient to distinguish between RNA families in a learning framework. First, we develop a labeled dual graph representation of RNA secondary structure by adding biologically meaningful labels to the dual graphs proposed by Gan et al [1]. Next, we define a similarity measure directly on the labeled dual graphs using the recently developed marginalized kernels [2]. Using this similarity measure, we were able to train Support Vector Machine classifiers to distinguish RNAs of known families from random RNAs with similar statistics. For 22 of the 25 families tested, the classifier achieved better than 70% accuracy, with much higher accuracy rates for some families. Training a set of classifiers to automatically assign family labels to RNAs using a one vs. all multi-class scheme also yielded encouraging results. From these initial learning experiments, we suggest that the labeled dual graph representation, together with kernel machine methods, has potential for use in automated analysis and classification of uncharacterized RNA molecules or efficient genome-wide screens for RNA molecules from existing families. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Meraz, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU PHS HHS [5R01H6002665-02] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-046-7 PY 2005 BP 4 EP 15 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BCN48 UT WOS:000230169100001 PM 15759609 ER PT B AU Webb-Robertson, BM Havre, SL Payne, DA AF Webb-Robertson, BM Havre, SL Payne, DA BE Altman, RB Dunker, AK Hunter, L Jung, TA Klein, TE TI A Bayesian framework for SNP identification SO PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL HI ID NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SEQUENCES; MUTATIONS; ALIGNMENT; ACCESS; RATES AB As evolutionary models for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) become available, methods for using them in the context of evolutionary information and expert prior information is a necessity. We formulate a probability model for SNPs as a Bayesian inference problem. Using this framework we compare the individual and combined predictive ability of four evolutionary models of varying levels of specificity on three SNP databases (two specifically targeted at functional SNPs) by calculating posterior probabilities and generating Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. We discover that none of the models do exceptionally well, in some cases no better than a random-guess model. However, we demonstrate that several properties of the Bayesian formulation improve the predictability of SNPs in the three databases, specifically the ability to utilize mixtures of evolutionary models and a prior based on the genetic code. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Webb-Robertson, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-046-7 PY 2005 BP 421 EP 432 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BCN48 UT WOS:000230169100035 PM 15759647 ER PT B AU Chen, Y Xu, D AF Chen, Y Xu, D BE Altman, RB Dunker, AK Hunter, L Jung, TA Klein, TE TI Genome-scale protein function prediction in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through integrating multiple sources of high-throughput data SO PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCOMPUTING 2005 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL HI ID COMPLEXES; MACHINES; NETWORKS AB As we are moving into the post genome-sequencing era, various high-throughput experimental techniques have been developed to characterize biological systems at the genome scale. Discovering new biological knowledge from high-throughput biological data is a major challenge for bioinformatics today. To address this challenge, we developed a Bayesian statistical method together with Boltzmann machine and simulated annealing for protein function prediction in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through integrating various high-throughput biological data, including protein binary interactions, protein complexes and microarray gene expression profiles. In our approach, we quantified the relationship between functional similarity and high-throughput data. Based on our method, 1802 out of 2280 unannotated proteins in the yeast were assigned functions systematically. The related computer package is available upon request. C1 UT, ORNL, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), UT, ORNL, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-046-7 PY 2005 BP 471 EP 482 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science GA BCN48 UT WOS:000230169100039 PM 15759652 ER PT B AU Chen, WY Iancu, C Yelick, K AF Chen, WY Iancu, C Yelick, K TI Communication optimizations for fine-grained UPC applications SO PACT 2005: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND COMPILATION TECHNIQUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE TCCA, ACM SIGARCH, IFIP WG 10 3 AB Global address space languages like UPC exhibit high performance and portability on a broad class of shared and distributed memory parallel architectures. The most scalable applications use bulk memory copies rather than individual reads and writes to the shared space, but finery grained sharing can be useful for scenarios such as dynamic load balancing, event signaling, and distributed hash tables. In this paper we present three optimization techniques for global address space programs with fine-grained communication: redundancy elimination, use of split-phase communication, and communication coalescing. Parallel UPC programs are analyzed using static single assignment form and a dataflow graph, which are extended to handle the various shared and private pointer types that are available in UPC. The optimizations also take advantage of UPC's relaxed memory consistency model, which reduces the need for cross thread analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the analysis and optimizations using several benchmarks, which were chosen to reflect the kinds of fine-grained, communication-intensive phases that exist in some larger applications. The optimizations show speedups of up to 70% on three parallel systems, which represent three different types of cluster network technologies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wychen@cs.berkeley.edu; cciancu@lbl.gov; yelick@cs.berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2429-X PY 2005 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDI85 UT WOS:000233637100023 ER PT B AU Iancu, C Husbands, P Hargrove, P AF Iancu, C Husbands, P Hargrove, P TI HUNTing the overlap SO PACT 2005: 14th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques CY SEP 17-21, 2005 CL St Louis, MO SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE TCCA, ACM SIGARCH, IFIP WG 10 3 ID COMMUNICATION AB Hiding communication latency is an important optimization for parallel programs. Programmers or compilers achieve this by using non-blocking communication primitives and overlapping communication with computation or other communication operations. Using non-blocking communication raises two issues: performance and programmability. In terms of performance, optimizers need to find a good communication schedule and are sometimes constrained by lack of full application knowledge. In terms of programmability, efficiently managing nonblocking communication can prove cumbersome for complex applications. In this paper we present the design principles of HUNT, a runtime system designed to search and exploit some of the available overlap present at execution time in UPC programs. Using virtual memory support, our runtime implements demand-driven synchronization for data involved in communication operations. It also employs message decomposition and scheduling heuristics to transparently improve the non-blocking behavior of applications. We provide a user level implementation of HUNT on a variety of modem high performance computing systems. Results indicate that our approach is successful in finding some of the overlap available at execution time. While system and application characteristics influence performance, perhaps the determining factor is the time taken by the CPU to execute a signal handler Demand driven synchronization at execution time eliminates the need for the explicit management of non-blocking communication. Besides increasing programmer productivity, this feature also simplifies compiler analysis for communication optimizations. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iancu, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-2429-X PY 2005 BP 279 EP 290 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDI85 UT WOS:000233637100024 ER PT J AU Braun, KV Autry, A Boyle, C AF Braun, KV Autry, A Boyle, C TI A population-based study of the recurrence of developmental disabilities - Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 1991-94 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MILD MENTAL-RETARDATION; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; ETIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD; INFANTS; AGE AB Serious developmental disabilities (DD) are quite common and affect approximately 2% of all school-aged children. The impact of DDs with respect to the need for special education services, medical care and the demand on family members can be enormous. While this impact can be magnified for families with more than one child with a DD, little is known regarding the epidemiology of recurrence of DDs. When the cause of a DD is unknown, genetic counsellors rely on recurrence risk estimates which for DDs are over 10 years old. The objectives of our study were to: (1) assess the contribution of recurrent cases to the prevalence of DDs; (2) provide current, population-based recurrence risk estimates; and (3) examine characteristics of the first affected child as predictors of recurrence. Two population-based data sources were used to identify all children born to the same mother during the period 1981-91 in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area with at least one of four DDs: mental retardation (MR), cerebral palsy, hearing loss, or vision impairment. Recurrence risk estimates for these DDs ranged from 3% to 7% and were many times higher than the background prevalences. The risk of recurrence of DDs was greatest for MR - approximately eight times greater than the baseline MR prevalence. Isolated mild MR (IQ 50-70) was highly concordant between siblings with MR. Sex, race, and birthweight of the index child, maternal education, and maternal age were not significantly associated with recurrence risk. Further research is needed to investigate the roles of genetic and environmental factors on the recurrence of DDs, particularly isolated mild MR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dev Disabilities Team, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Braun, KV (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbn5@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 889VJ UT WOS:000226470500012 ER PT B AU Cantu-Paz, E AF Cantu-Paz, Erick BE Alba, E TI Theory of Parallel Genetic Algorithms SO PARALLEL METAHEURISTICS: A NEW CLASS OF ALGORITHMS SE Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cantu-Paz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, 7000 East Ave,L-561, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cantupaz@llnl.gov NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-471-73938-8; 978-0-471-67806-9 J9 WILEY SER PARA DIST PY 2005 BP 425 EP 445 D2 10.1002/0471739383 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BYD71 UT WOS:000298161200020 ER PT S AU Apiwatwaja, R Chunjarean, S Hass, K Hoyes, G Kaewprasert, C Klysubun, P Klysubun, W Pairsuwan, W Rugmai, S Rujirawat, S Sanguansak, N Songsidritthigul, P Wiedemann, H AF Apiwatwaja, R Chunjarean, S Hass, K Hoyes, G Kaewprasert, C Klysubun, P Klysubun, W Pairsuwan, W Rugmai, S Rujirawat, S Sanguansak, N Songsidritthigul, P Wiedemann, H BE Vilaithong, T Boonyawan, D Thongbai, C TI X-rays at the SIAM photon source SO PARTICLE BEAMS & PLASMA INTERACTION ON MATERIALS AND ION & PLASMA SURFACE FINISHING 2004 SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PIM/ASIP 2004 Meeting CY NOV 25-27, 2004 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND DE synchrotron radiation; storage ring; X-rays; undulator; wiggler magnet AB In this note, we describe the upgrade effort to convert the SIAM Photon source into an X-ray synchrotron radiation facility with photon energies up to some 15 keV. This conversion of SIAM Photon into a third generation light source can be achieved through an increase of the electron beam energy and the addition of recently available superconducting wavelength shifter and multipole wiggler magnets. A gradual retrofit of vacuum chambers aiming at a reduction of electron beam instabilities as well as a modification of the focusing structure are expected to greatly increase the brightness of the photon beam. These upgrades will be implemented gradually over a few years to minimize the interruption of ongoing experimental activities. As an ultimate upgrade, a study has been started which shows the feasibility to implement a 2 GeV storage ring replacing the present ring in the same foot print. This new ring is configured to provide double the number of insertion device photon beam lines. C1 Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Muang District, Thailand. Stanford Univ, SSRL, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Rugmai, S (reprint author), Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, 111 Univ Ave,POB 93, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Muang District, Thailand. EM supagorn@nsrc.ac.th; wiedemann@slac.stanford.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-12-4 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 107 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000233133800001 ER PT S AU Sangyuenyongpipat, S Vilaithong, T Yu, LD Yimnirun, R Singjai, P Brown, IG AF Sangyuenyongpipat, S Vilaithong, T Yu, LD Yimnirun, R Singjai, P Brown, IG BE Vilaithong, T Boonyawan, D Thongbai, C TI Development of in-situ atomic force microscopy for study of ion beam interaction with biological cell surface SO PARTICLE BEAMS & PLASMA INTERACTION ON MATERIALS AND ION & PLASMA SURFACE FINISHING 2004 SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PIM/ASIP 2004 Meeting CY NOV 25-27, 2004 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND DE in-situ AFM; ion bombardment; vibration isolation system ID IMPLANTATION AB The interaction between ion beam and biological cells has been studied to apply ion-beam-induced mutation to breeding of crops and gene transfer in cells. Formation of micro-craters has been observed after ion bombardment of plant cells and they are suspected to act as pathways for exogenous macromolecule transfer in the cells. A technique of in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the ion beam line is being developed to observe ion bombardment effects on cell surface morphology during ion bombardment. A commercial AFM is designed to place inside the target chamber of the bioengineering ion beam line at Chiang Mai University. In order to allow the ion beam to properly bombard the sample without the risk of damaging the scanning tip and affecting normal operation of AFM, geometrical factors have been calculated for tilting the AFM with 35 degree from the normal. In order to avoid vibrations from external sources, mechanical designs have been done for a vibration isolation system. Construction and installation of the in-situ AFM facility to the beam line have been completed and are reported in details. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sangyuenyongpipat, S (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, Dept Phys, Fast Neutron Res Facil, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. EM somjai@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th; thiraphat@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th; yuld@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th; RattikornYimnirun@yahoo.com; singjai@chiangmai.ac.th; igbrown@lbl.gov; thiraphat@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th OI Singjai, Pisith/0000-0001-5812-3896 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-12-4 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 107 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000233133800010 ER PT S AU Junphong, P Ano, V Lekprasert, B Suwannakachorn, D Vilaithong, T Wiedemann, H AF Junphong, P Ano, V Lekprasert, B Suwannakachorn, D Vilaithong, T Wiedemann, H BE Vilaithong, T Boonyawan, D Thongbai, C TI Bunch compression of a non-relativistic 280-keV-He+ beam SO PARTICLE BEAMS & PLASMA INTERACTION ON MATERIALS AND ION & PLASMA SURFACE FINISHING 2004 SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PIM/ASIP 2004 Meeting CY NOV 25-27, 2004 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND DE TOF-RBS; bunch compression; pulsed beam AB At 150 kV-pulsed neutron generator at the Fast Neutron Researh Facility is being upgraded to produce a 280-kV-pulsed-He beam for Time-of-Flight Rutherford Backscattefing Spectrometry (TOF RBS). Modification are being done by replacing the existing beamline elements by a 400-kV accelerating tube, 45 degrees-double focusing dipole magnet and quadrupole lens. The beam transport system has to be redesigned based on the new elements. The important part of a good pulsed beam depends on the pulsing system. The two main parts are the chopper and buncher. Radiofrequency (RF) of 2 MHz is used for the chopper and 4 MHz for the buncher. For the buncher the RF amplitude of 13 kV is applied to two gaps, so that the ion pulse is compressed twice. An optimized geometry for the 280-keV pulsed helium ion beam is presented in this paper,. The PARMELA code has been used to optimize the space-charge effect, resulting in a excitated pulse width of less than 2 ns at a target. The calculated distance from a buncher to the target is 4.6 m. Effects of energy spread and phase angle between the chopper and buncher have been included in the optimization of the bunch lengh. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, FNRF, Chiang Mai, Thailand. SSRL, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Junphong, P (reprint author), Chiang Mai Univ, FNRF, Chiang Mai, Thailand. EM pimporn@fnrf.science.cmu.ac.th NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-12-4 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 107 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000233133800013 ER PT S AU Brown, I AF Brown, I BE Vilaithong, T Boonyawan, D Thongbai, C TI Vacuum arc plasma guns and ion sources SO PARTICLE BEAMS & PLASMA INTERACTION ON MATERIALS AND ION & PLASMA SURFACE FINISHING 2004 SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PIM/ASIP 2004 Meeting CY NOV 25-27, 2004 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND DE vacuum arc plasma; ion source; plasma gun; ion implantation; plasma deposition; plasma immersion ID INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP; IMPLANTATION; DEPOSITION AB Vacuum arc plasma can be formed using particularly uncomplicated hardware, providing a means for laboratory scale formation of dense and highly-ionized metal plasma. The simplicity and versatility of the approach has led to its widespread use in recent times for both fundamental and technological applications. When embodied in a plasma gun configuration, the source can provide a valuable tool for plasma deposition of metal and metal-containing thin films, including in plasma immersion configurations. When embodied in an ion source configuration, high current beams of metal ions can be formed, and such beams have found good use for ion implantation and particle accelerator injection. Here we briefly review vacuum arc plasma guns and ion sources, outlining some of the hardware embodiments that have been developed at Berkeley and used for various materials modification applications. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM IGBrown@LBL.Gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-12-4 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2005 VL 107 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000233133800014 ER PT S AU Schlachter, AS AF Schlachter, AS BE Vilaithong, T Boonyawan, D Thongbai, C TI Seeing inside a hot plasma: Photoionization of ions SO PARTICLE BEAMS & PLASMA INTERACTION ON MATERIALS AND ION & PLASMA SURFACE FINISHING 2004 SE SOLID STATE PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PIM/ASIP 2004 Meeting CY NOV 25-27, 2004 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; RESONANCE; THRESHOLD; ECR AB Photoionization of ions is an important atomic process in very hot extended plasmas, for example, in objects of astrophysical interest. Planetary nebulae as a stage in the evolution of stars are one significant example. Modeling of their formation and composition requires detailed information about atomic processes in a very highly ionized plasma, including cross sections for photoionization of ions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schlachter, AS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 3-908451-12-4 J9 SOL ST PHEN PY 2005 VL 107 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Materials Science; Physics GA BDE69 UT WOS:000233133800015 ER PT S AU Smoot, GF AF Smoot, GF BE Kazakov, D Smadja, G TI Cosmic Microwave Background cosmology - New economy model universe SO PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY: THE INTERFACE SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Particle Physics and Cosmology - The Interface CY AUG 04-16, 2003 CL Cargese, FRANCE SP NATO Adv Study Inst DE CMB; cosmology; Sachs-Wolf plateau; acoustic peaks; damping tail; polarisation; foregrounds ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; ANISOTROPY; POLARIZATION; RADIATION; MAPS; TEMPERATURE; DESIGN; FIRAS; PERTURBATIONS AB We review the CMB spectrum and the upper limits on the effects which would distort the Planck black-body distribution, such as Compton scattering, reionisation, plasma effects. The experimental analysis of the angular anisotropies is discussed, as well as the physics pertinent to the different angular momentum regions. The connection between cosmology and the observed inhomogeneities and the determination of the cosmological parameters are summarised, as well as the underlying assumptions. The physical origin of the polarisation of the CMB is explained, and the first experimental results are recalled. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smoot, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, 366 Conte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gfsmoot@lbl.gov NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 1-4020-3160-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2005 VL 188 BP 279 EP 310 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BDT97 UT WOS:000235328900008 ER PT S AU Yoo, J AF Yoo, J CA CDMS Collaboration BE Choi, K Kim, JE Son, D TI Results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at Soudan Underground Laboratory SO Particles, Strings, and Cosmology SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Particles, Strings, and Cosmology (PASCOS 2005) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2005 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Soc & Engn Fdn, Korea Phys Soc DE Dark Matter; WIMPs; CDMS ID COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; CONSTRAINTS; WMAP AB We present results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search at Soudan Underground Laboratory for two-tower arrays of detector. Twelve detectors were operated from March 25 to August 8, 2004, or 74.5 detector live days. Within expected background, no statistically significant indication of a WIMP signal was observed. Based on this null observation and combined with our previous results, we exclude a spin-averaged WIMP-nucleon interaction cross section above 1.6x10(-43) cm(2) for Ge detectors, and 3x10(-42) cm(2) for Si detectors, for a WIMP mass 60 GeV/c(2) with 90%C.L. This result constrains parameter space of minimal supersymmetric standard models (MSSM) and starts to reach the parameter space of a constrained model (CMSSM). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0295-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 805 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDR88 UT WOS:000235151500012 ER PT S AU Shirman, Y AF Shirman, Y BE Choi, K Kim, JE Son, D TI Chiral gauge theory on AdS domain wall SO Particles, Strings, and Cosmology SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Particles, Strings, and Cosmology (PASCOS 2005) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2005 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Soc & Engn Fdn, Korea Phys Soc DE lattice; chiral gauge theory; AdS(5) background ID LATTICE; FERMIONS AB We describe a realization of chiral gauge theories based on the domaim wall fermion construction implemented on an interval in five dimensional AdS spacetime. At semi-classical level deconstructed description of the theory is given in terms of 4-dimensional Minkowski slices supporting chiral zero modes at the ends. Energy scales warp down along the fifth dimension. When the theory is augmented by 4-dimensional neutral Majorana spinors together with the Higgs mechanism at the low energy end, we can arrange for a theory where the lightest gauge boson mode as well as chiral zero mode at the high energy end are parametrically lighter than other states. Triangle anomalies and instanton effects are expected to make gauge bosons heavy if the resulting effective theory is anomalous. Due to the strong coupling effects at the quantum level, full non-perturbative calculation will be necessary to validate this construction. C1 LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shirman, Y (reprint author), LANL, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0295-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2005 VL 805 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BDR88 UT WOS:000235151500046 ER PT B AU Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT AF Chen, MC Mahanthappa, KT BE Alverson, G Barberis, E Nath, P Vaughn, MT TI Fermion masses and neutrino oscillations in SO(10) x SU(2)(F) SO PASCOS 2004: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology, Pt 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 2004) CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL NE Univ, Boston, MA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO NE Univ AB We present in this talk a model based on SO(10) x SU(2)F having symmetric mass textures with 5 zeros constructed by us recently. The symmetric mass textures arising from the left-right symmetry breaking chain of SO(10) give rise to good predictions for the masses, mixing angles and CP violation measures in the quark and lepton sectors (including the neutrinos), all in agreement with the most up-to-date experimental data within 1 sigma. Various lepton flavor violating decays in our model are also investigated. Unlike in models with lop-sided textures, our prediction for the decay rate of mu -> e gamma is much suppressed and yet it is large enough to be probed by the next generation of experiments. The observed baryonic asymmetry in the Universe can be accommodated in our model utilizing soft leptogenesis. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, MC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-391-1 PY 2005 BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1142/9789812701756_0027 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDM88 UT WOS:000234374500027 ER PT B AU Bhat, PC AF Bhat, PC CA DO Collaboration BE Alverson, G Barberis, E Nath, P Vaughn, MT TI Electroweak and top physics results from DO SO PASCOS 2004: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARTICLES, STRINGS AND COSMOLOGY, PT 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 2004) CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL NE Univ, Boston, MA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO NE Univ ID QUARK AB The collider Run II at Fermilab that started in March 2001 with upgraded accelerator complex and detectors is progressing extremely well. An integrated luminosity of 670 ;pb(-1) was delivered to the CDF and D circle divide experiments each, by the end of August 2004. Additional planned upgrades to the accelerators will result in an integrated luminosity of 4 - 8 fb(-1) for each experiment by the end of 2009. I present some preliminary electroweak and top quark physics measurements made by the DO collaboration analyzing data sets corresponding to integrated luminosity in the range of 150-250 pb(-1). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM pushpa@fnal.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-391-1 PY 2005 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1142/9789812701756_0032 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDM88 UT WOS:000234374500032 ER PT B AU Larson, DT AF Larson, DT BE Alverson, G Barberis, E Nath, P Vaughn, MT TI Proton decay and the Planck scale SO PASCOS 2004: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology, Pt 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 2004) CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL NE Univ, Boston, MA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO NE Univ AB Even without Grand Unification, proton decay can be a powerful probe of physics at the highest energy scales. Supersymmetric theories with conserved R-parity contain Planck-suppressed dimension 5 operators that give important contributions to nucleon decay. These operators are likely controlled by flavor physics, which means current and near future proton decay experiments might yield clues about the fermion mass spectrum. I present a thorough analysis of nucleon partial lifetimes in supersymmetric one-flavon Froggatt-Nielsen models with a single U(1)x family symmetry which is responsible for the fermionic mass spectrum as well as forbidding R-parity violating interactions. Many of the models naturally lead to nucleon decay near present limits without any reference to grand unification. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Larson, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-391-1 PY 2005 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1142/9789812701756_0051 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDM88 UT WOS:000234374500051 ER PT B AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ BE Alverson, G Vaughn, MT TI The muon anomalous magnetic moment and "new physics" SO PASCOS 2004: TOPICS IN UNIFICATION, THE PRAN NATH ANNIVERSARY PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 2004) CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL NE Univ, Boston, MA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO NE Univ ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS; ELECTROWEAK CORRECTIONS; WEAK; SUPERGRAVITY; UNIFICATION; G-2 C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-429-2 PY 2005 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1142/9789812701756_0078 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDM14 UT WOS:000234252400007 ER PT B AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, R BE Alverson, G Vaughn, MT TI Phenomenology using lattice QCD SO PASCOS 2004: TOPICS IN UNIFICATION, THE PRAN NATH ANNIVERSARY PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Particles, Strings and Cosmology (PASCOS 2004) CY AUG 16-22, 2004 CL NE Univ, Boston, MA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO NE Univ ID QUARK AB This talk provides a brief summary of the status of lattice QCD calculations of the light quark masses and the kaon bag parameter B-K. Precise estimates of these four fundamental parameters of the standard model, i.e., m(u), m(d), m(s) and the CP violating parameter eta, help constrain grand unified models and could provide a window to new physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-429-2 PY 2005 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1142/9789812701756_0089 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BDM14 UT WOS:000234252400018 ER PT S AU Sheen, DM McMakin, DL Lechelt, WM Griffin, JW AF Sheen, DM McMakin, DL Lechelt, WM Griffin, JW BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Circularly polarized millimeter-wave imaging for personnel screening SO Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology VIII CY MAR 30-31, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE millimeter waves; imaging; holography; personnel surveillance; screening ID POLARIMETRIC RADARS; WIDE-BAND; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB A novel polarimetric millimeter-wave imaging technique has been developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for concealed weapon detection applications. Wideband millimeter-wave imaging systems developed at PNNL utilize low-power, coherent, millimeter-wave illumination in the 10-100 GHz range to form high-resolution images of personnel. Electromagnetic waves in these frequency ranges easily penetrate most clothing materials and are reflected from the body and any concealed items. Three-dimensional images are formed using computer image reconstruction algorithms developed to mathematically focus the received wavefronts scattered from the target. Circular polarimetric imaging can be employed to obtain additional information from the target. Circularly polarized waves incident on relatively smooth reflecting targets are typically reversed in their rotational handedness, e.g. left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) is reflected to become right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). An incident wave that is reflected twice (or any even number) of times prior to returning to the transceiver, has its handedness preserved. Sharp features such as wires and edges tend to return linear polarization, which can be considered to be a sum of both LHCP and RHCP. These characteristics can be exploited for personnel screening by allowing differentiation of smooth features, such as the body, and sharper features present in many concealed items. Additionally, imaging artifacts due to multipath can be identified and eliminated. Laboratory imaging results have been obtained in the 10-20 GHz frequency range and are presented in this paper. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sheen, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5774-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5789 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.606825 PG 10 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BCR80 UT WOS:000230961400015 ER PT S AU Labi, S Lamptey, G Konduri, S Sinha, KC AF Labi, S Lamptey, G Konduri, S Sinha, KC GP TRB TI Analysis of long-term effectiveness of thin hot-mix asphaltic concrete overlay treatments SO PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT; MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND DATA STORAGE; AND ACCELERATED TESTING 2005 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB Thin hot-mix asphalt (HMA) concrete overlays are preventive maintenance treatments used to address minor distresses, increase ride quality, and extend pavement life. This paper determines the long-term effectiveness of such treatments by using three measures of effectiveness: treatment service life, increase in average pavement condition, and area bounded by the performance curve. For each measure of effectiveness, the pavement performance indicators used are the international roughness index (IRI), rutting, and pavement condition rating (PCR). For each measure of effectiveness and performance indicator, treatment benefits were found to lie within a wide range because of the effect of varying levels of weather severity, traffic, and route type. The service life of the treatment ranges from 3 to 13 years (IRI performance indicator), 3 to 14 years (rutting), and 3 to 24 years (PCR). When the increase in average pavement condition is used as the measure of effectiveness, the results show that such treatments offer 18% to 36% decrease in IRI, 5% to 55% reduction in rutting, and 1% to 10% increase in PCR. For the area enclosed by the performance curve, thin HMA overlay effectiveness ranges from 40 to 360 IRI years (where IRI is in inches per mile), 0.13 to 0.76 RUT years (where RUT is in inches), and 7 to 130 PCR years (where PCR is on a 0 to 100 scale). The wide ranges of thin HMA overlay effectiveness for each combination of measure of effectiveness and performance indicator is suggestive of the sensitivity of the treatment effectiveness to levels of traffic loading and weather severity, and route type. The effectiveness of thin HMA overlay treatments is of interest to pavement professionals and is a vital input in the quest for cost-effective long-term pavement preservation practices. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Precis Engn & Surveying Inc, Miami, FL 33172 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Labi, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09415-1 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1940 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BEG18 UT WOS:000237194500001 ER PT B AU Jackson, SM AF Jackson, SM BE Arabnia, HR TI Allocation management solutions for high performance computing SO PDPTA '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE allocations; accounting; allocation management; allocation manager; allocation bank AB High Performance Computing sites face unique problems due to the large number of projects and users competing for their resources. The use of an allocation manager can help alleviate some of these problems. This paper addresses some typical allocation problems faced by HPC managers and describes some possible solutions. The Gold Allocation Manager is presented as a case-study that implements a subset of the described solutions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jackson, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-61-0 PY 2005 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDY80 UT WOS:000236257900002 ER PT B AU Gunter, DK Tierney, BL Bailey, SJ AF Gunter, DK Tierney, BL Bailey, SJ BE Arabnia, HR TI Scalable analysis of distributed workflow traces SO PDPTA '05: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2005 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE cluster performance; troubleshooting; parallel debugging AB Large-scale workflows are becoming increasingly important in both the scientific research and business domains. Science and commerce have both experienced an explosion in the sheer amount of data that must be analyzed. An important tool for analyzing these huge data sets is a compute "cluster" of hundreds or thousands of machines. However, debugging and tuning clusters requires specialized tools. Current cluster performance tools are more oriented towards tightly coupled parallel applications. We describe how the NetLogger Toolkit methodology is more appropriate for this class of cluster computing, and describe our new automatic workflow anomaly detection component. We also describe how this methodology is being used in the Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) project at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Distributed Syst Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-61-0 PY 2005 BP 849 EP 855 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDY80 UT WOS:000236257900124 ER PT B AU Kettimuthu, R Muthukrishnan, S AF Kettimuthu, R Muthukrishnan, S BE Arabnia, HR TI A performance study of parallel FFT in clos and mesh networks SO PDPTA '05: Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, Vols 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV ID FAST FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ALGORITHM; MEMORY; C6 AB Though it is known that clos interconnection networks have many advantages over the other interconnection networks, it would be interesting to see the performance benefits that clos networks can bring to the real world applications. In this paper, we compare the performance of Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) in clos networks with that of in mesh networks, a popular interconnection topology. We use both two- dimensional (2-d) and three-dimensional (3-d) formulations of FFT for our studies. We show that the performance of FFT in clos networks is significantly better and we further show that 3-d formulation outperforms the 2-d formulation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kettimuthu, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-932415-61-0 PY 2005 BP 1056 EP 1062 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BDY80 UT WOS:000236257900156 ER PT J AU Barnes, MB Garner, J Reid, D AF Barnes, Marianne B. Garner, James Reid, David BE Matthews, MR Gauld, CF Stinner, A TI The Pendulum as a Vehicle for Transitioning from Classical to Quantum Physics: History, Quantum Concepts, and Educational Challenges SO PENDULUM: SCIENTIFIC, HISTORICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In this article we use the pendulum as the vehicle for discussing the transition from classical to quantum physics. Since student knowledge of the classical pendulum can be generalized to all harmonic oscillators, we propose that a quantum analysis of the pendulum can lead students into the unanticipated consequences of quantum phenomena at the atomic level. We intend to illustrate how classical deterministic physical ideas are replaced by a point of view that contains both deterministic and probabilistic aspects. For example, the wave function contains probabilistic information but it evolves in time according to a fixed law, the Schrodinger equation. Discussion of the transition from classical to quantum thinking is historically grounded in the work of twentieth-century physicists who developed quantum ideas. We see application to current science in areas such as semiconductors, optics, GPS systems, and superconductivity. Our notion is that a scientifically-literate public should have a sense of the broad, conceptual schemes in modern physics, as well as those associated with classical physics. We discuss educational challenges and strategies connected to including quantum theory in a general education physics course. Our work would have other applications in college and secondary school settings. C1 [Barnes, Marianne B.; Garner, James; Reid, David] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. [Garner, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnes, MB (reprint author), Univ N Florida, 4567 St Johns Bluff Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-3526-5 PY 2005 BP 393 EP 412 DI 10.1007/1-4020-3526-8_25 D2 10.1007/1-4020-3526-8 PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA BKP29 UT WOS:000268860800025 ER PT B AU Diakonov, D AF Diakonov, D TI Chiral symmetry and pentaquarks SO PENTAQUARK 04, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Pentaquark CY JUL 20-23, 2004 CL Nishiharima, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, RCNP, JASRI ID CONSTITUENT QUARK-MODEL; CURRENT-ALGEBRA; SOLITONS; NUCLEON; BARYONS; MASS AB Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, mesons and baryons are illustrated in the language of the Dirac theory. It becomes clear why the naive quark models overestimate pentaquark masses by some 500 MeV and why in the Mean Field Approximation to baryons pentaquarks are light. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Diakonov, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM Diakonov@Nordita.dk RI Diakonov, Dmitri/F-2450-2012 OI Diakonov, Dmitri/0000-0003-4334-2513 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-338-5 PY 2005 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1142/9789812701855_0002 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCR98 UT WOS:000230986300002 ER PT J AU Park, HS Karpov, EG Liu, WK Klein, PA AF Park, HS Karpov, EG Liu, WK Klein, PA TI The bridging scale for two-dimensional atomistic/continumn coupling SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SIMULATIONS; ENRICHMENT; CONTINUUM; SOLIDS; LATTICES; EQUATION; DEFECTS AB In this paper, we present all necessary generalisations to extend the bridging scale, a finite-temperature multiple scale method which couples molecular dynamics (MD) and finite element (FE) simulations, to two dimensions. The crucial development is a numerical treatment of the boundary condition acting upon the reduced atomistic system, as such boundary conditions are analytically intractable beyond simple one-dimension systems. The approach presented in this paper offers distinct advantages compared to previous works, specifically the compact size of the resulting time history kernel, and the fact that the time history kernel can be calculated using an automated numerical procedure for arbitrary multi-dimensional lattice structures and interatomic potentials. We demonstrate the truly two-way nature of the Coupled FE and reduced MD equations of motion via two example problems, wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation. Finally, we compare both problems to benchmark full MID Simulations to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Liu, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM w-liu@northwestern.edu RI Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Park, Harold/B-1525-2008 OI Park, Harold/0000-0001-5365-7776 NR 25 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 1 BP 79 EP 113 DI 10.1080/14786430412331300163 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 889ZV UT WOS:000226482400006 ER PT S AU Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Ibanescu, M Joannopoulos, JD AF Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Ibanescu, M Joannopoulos, JD BE Adibi, A Lin, SY Scherer, A TI Reversed and anomalous Doppler shifts in periodic media SO Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices III CY JAN 24-27, 2005 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE photonic crystal; shock wave; adiabatic; frequency; conversion; Doppler shift; transmission line; time-dependent ID REFLECTION AB We have predicted that reversed and anomalous non-relativisitic Doppler shifts can be observed under some circumstances when light reflects from a shock wave front propagating through a photonic crystal. This theoretical prediction is generalizable and applies to wave-like excitations in a variety of periodic media. The first experimental observation of a non-relativistic reversed Doppler effect has recently, been made by Seddon and Bearpark in a creative experiment involving the propagation of an electromagnetic shock through a periodic electrical transmission line. We show how our theory quantitatively describes this experiment and how the theory is fundamentally different from the theoretical description proposed by Seddon and Bearpark. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5707-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2005 VL 5733 BP 230 EP 244 DI 10.1117/12.583500 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Optics SC Crystallography; Optics GA BCI25 UT WOS:000229438000026 ER PT J AU Tsao, J Crawford, M Wilcoxon, J Simmons, J AF Tsao, J Crawford, M Wilcoxon, J Simmons, J TI Semiconductor light sources move from the IR to the visible and UV SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tsao, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 890XO UT WOS:000226544800031 ER PT J AU Jankowiak, R Seibert, M AF Jankowiak, R Seibert, M TI Remembering Gerald J. Small (1941-2004), who tackled everything in life with an intense and enviable passion - Obituary SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jankowiak, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jankowiak@ameslab.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s11120-004-6329-0 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 903KE UT WOS:000227423900002 PM 16143901 ER PT J AU Fraga, ES Venugopalan, R AF Fraga, ES Venugopalan, R TI Finite-size effects on nucleation in a first-order phase transition SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE first-order phase transition; finite-size effects; homogeneous nucleation; quark-gluon plasma; cosmological phase transitions ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; EARLY UNIVERSE; METASTABLE STATES; COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS; MATTER; CONDENSATION; SIGNATURES; INTERFACE; BUBBLES AB We discuss finite-size effects on homogeneous nucleation in first-order phase transitions. We study their implications for cosmological phase transitions and to the hadronization of a quark-gluon plasma generated in high-energy heavy ion collisions. Very general arguments allow us to show that the finite size of the early universe has virtually no relevance in the process of nucleation and in the growth of cosmological bubbles during the primordial quark-hadron and the electroweak phase transitions. In the case of high-energy heavy ion collisions, finite-size effects play an important role in the late-stage growth of hadronic bubbles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fraga, ES (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, Caixa Postal 68528, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM fraga@if.ufrj.br RI Fraga, Eduardo/H-6010-2016 OI Fraga, Eduardo/0000-0001-5340-156X NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JAN 1 PY 2005 VL 345 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.07.045 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 871ZJ UT WOS:000225175000010 ER PT J AU Perlmutter, S AF Perlmutter, S TI Studying dark energy with supernovae: Now, soon, and the not-too-distant future SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nobel Symposium on String Theory and Cosmology CY AUG 14-19, 2003 CL Sigtuna, SWEDEN ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; IA SUPERNOVAE; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; HUBBLE DIAGRAM; UNIVERSE; LAMBDA; OMEGA; CONSTANT AB The nature of the mysterious dark energy is one of the key questions at the intersection of cosmology and string theory - or any fundamental-physics theory. Although dark energy is apparently the dominant constituent of the universe, it is extremely difficult to detect, let alone measure its properties in detail. Our primary route is to measure its effect on the expansion history of the universe; we use Type Ia supernovae as direct indicators of the relative scale of the universe at each moment in history when such a supernova explosion occurred that we can study. The current generation of supernova-measurement projects now in progress are advancing our knowledge of the time-average behavior of dark energy, but we are faced with a daunting challenge when we seek to make a measurement precise - and accurate - enough to distinguish the different dark energy theories by their predictions for the changes in the dark energy's properties over cosmic time. I here highlight some of the recent results and upcoming advances in our approaches to measuring, analyzing, and identifying details of the supernova explosions - including a new satellite design - that are aimed at putting this tantalizing measurement within our grasp. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. RP Perlmutter, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA. EM Saul@LBL.gov RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T117 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1238/Physica.Topical.117a00017 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034BR UT WOS:000236900000003 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P AF Beiersdorfer, P TI Highly charged ion research at the livermore electron beam ion traps SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Review ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC TRAPPING MODE; RELATIVISTIC MANY-BODY; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; CU-LIKE IONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NA-LIKE; LI-LIKE; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; LAMB SHIFT AB Spectroscopy performed with the three Livermore electron beam ion traps is reviewed, which is continuing and complementing the innumerable contributions to atomic physics provided over the years by heavy-ion accelerators. Numerous spectrometers were developed that cover the spectral bands from the visible to the hard X-ray region. These enabled exhaustive line surveys useful for X-ray astrophysics and for systematic studies along iso-electronic sequences, such as the 4s-4p, 3s-3p, and 2s-2p transitions in ions of the Cu-I, Na-I, and Li-I sequences useful for studying QED and correlation effects as well as for precise determinations of atomic-nuclear interactions. They also enabled measurements of radiative transition probabilities of very long-lived (milli- and microseconds) and very short-live (femtosecond) levels. Because line excitation processes can be controlled by choice of the electron beam energy, the observed line intensities are used to infer cross sections for electron-impact excitation, dielectronic recombination, resonance excitation, and innershell ionization. These capabilities have recently been expanded to simulate X-ray emission from comets by charge exchange. Specific contributions to basic atomic physics, nuclear physics, and high-temperature diagnostics are illustrated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, 7000 E Ave L-260, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM beiersdorfer@llnl.gov NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T120 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T120/005 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034DS UT WOS:000236907000007 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Trabert, E TI EUV line identifications and lifetime measurements in highly charged iron ions SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID BEAM-FOIL SPECTRA; CHLORINE-LIKE IONS; MG I-LIKE; FE-X; INTERCOMBINATION TRANSITIONS; LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; LEVEL LIFETIMES; FORBIDDEN LINES; SOLAR SPECTRUM; CL-LIKE AB When beam-foil experiments on ions of the iron group were done at the Bochum Dynamitron tandem accelerator, line identifications of intercombination lines in Mg- and Al-like Fe matched previously unclassified lines that appear in the EUV spectrum of the solar corona. Beam-foil work continued on Si- to Cl-like Fe ions, identifying in particular decays of high-J levels with nanosecond lifetimes. Millisecond lifetimes in the same ions were then measured at a heavy-ion storage ring and at an electron beam ion trap. Remaining problems and prospects for solutions are discussed. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div High Temp & Astrophys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T120 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T120/008 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034DS UT WOS:000236907000010 ER PT J AU Lepson, JK Beiersdorfer, P AF Lepson, JK Beiersdorfer, P TI Low-energy operation of the Lawrence livermore electron beam ion traps: Atomic spectroscopy of SiV, SVII and ArIX SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET REGION; X-RAY REGION; EMISSION-LINES; FE-XXV; ANGSTROM; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTHS; DATABASE; CHANDRA AB As part of a project to compile a comprehensive catalog of astrophysically relevent emission lines, we used the low-energy capability of the Lawrence Livermore electron beam ion traps to extend the spectroscopy of neon-like ions and the neighboring charge states to silicon, sulfur, and argon. We present wavelength data of Si V and demonstrate the effect of collisional deexcitation of electric dipole forbidden lines on the 2 - 3 L-shell spectra of Si V, S VII, and Ar IX. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lepson, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lepson@ssl.berkeley.edu; beiersdorfer@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T120 BP 62 EP 65 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T120/009 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034DS UT WOS:000236907000011 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Catalano, JG Templeton, AS Trainor, TP Farges, F Bostick, BC Kendelewicz, T Doyle, CS Spormann, AM Revill, K Morin, G Juillot, F Calas, G AF Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Catalano, Jeffrey G. Templeton, Alexis S. Trainor, Thomas P. Farges, Francois Bostick, Benjamin C. Kendelewicz, Tom Doyle, Colin S. Spormann, Alfred M. Revill, Kristin Morin, Guillaume Juillot, Farid Calas, Georges TI Environmental interfaces, heavy metals, microbes, and plants: Applications of XAFS spectroscopy and related synchrotron radiation methods to environmental science SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB During the past decade, applications of synchrotron radiation (SR) methods to environmental science have grown significantly, resulting in a new interdisciplinary field known as molecular environmental science, which focuses on the molecular-level speciation of environmental pollutants and the fundamental chemical and biological processes determining their behavior in complex systems. Here we review some recent applications of XAFS spectroscopy and related SR methods, including micro-XANES and X-ray Standing Wave (XSW) spectroscopy, micro-XRD, X-ray fluorescence micro-tomography, and photoemission spectroscopy to heavy metals and actinides in model systems and more complex environmental samples. Examples include XAFS studies of heavy metals and actinides at environmental interfaces, combined XAFS and XSW studies of heavy metal interactions with microbial biofilm-coated metal oxide surfaces, and combined XANES and photoemission studies of microbial interactions with metal sulfide surfaces. C1 [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.; Catalano, Jeffrey G.; Templeton, Alexis S.; Trainor, Thomas P.; Farges, Francois; Bostick, Benjamin C.; Kendelewicz, Tom; Doyle, Colin S.; Revill, Kristin] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Templeton, Alexis S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Farges, Francois] Univ Marne La Vallee, CNRS, Lab Geomat, FRE G2I 2455, F-774542 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Bostick, Benjamin C.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Spormann, Alfred M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Morin, Guillaume; Juillot, Farid; Calas, Georges] Univ Paris 06, IPGP, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Morin, Guillaume; Juillot, Farid; Calas, Georges] Univ Paris 07, IPGP, Lab Mineral Cristallog, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Morin, Guillaume; Juillot, Farid; Calas, Georges] CNRS, UMR 7590, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, MS 99,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu RI Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012; Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734; Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; TEMPLETON, ALEXIS/0000-0002-9670-0647 NR 86 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100015 ER PT J AU Chen, LX Shaw, GB Liu, T Jennings, G Attenkofer, K AF Chen, L. X. Shaw, G. B. Liu, T. Jennings, G. Attenkofer, K. TI Capturing excited state molecular structures in disordered media with 100 ps time resolution by laser pump X-ray probe XAFS SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The timing structure and the high photon flux of X-ray pulses from the Advanced Photon Source permit pump-probe techniques widely used in ultrafast laser spectroscopy to be extended into the X-ray regime. The intrinsic time resolution of the experiments is determined by the FWHM of the single pulses from the synchrotron at 70-100 ps. The challenges and the solutions in such experiments will be discussed. Using laser pulse pump, X-ray pulse probe XAFS, several excited state molecular structures in solutions were studied. We will mainly describe molecular structures of the photoexcited metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer state of [Cu-I(dmp)(2)](+), where dmp is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, in toluene and acetonitrile. The experimental results indicated that the copper ion in the thermally equilibrated MLCT state in both solvents had the same oxidation state as the corresponding Cu(II) complex in the ground state and was found to be penta-coordinate with an average nearest neighbor Cu-N distances 0.04 angstrom longer in toluene and 0.04 angstrom shorter in acetonitrile than that of the ground state [Cu-I(dmp)(2)](+). The results further revealed that what distinguishes the MLCT state structures in non-coordinating and coordinating solvents is not the "exciplex" formation, but the strength of the interactions between the solvent and the Cu(II)* species at the MLCT state. In addition, future direction of time-resolved XAFS will be discussed. C1 [Chen, L. X.; Shaw, G. B.; Liu, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jennings, G.; Attenkofer, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100017 ER PT J AU Kayser, B AF Kayser, B TI Neutrino intrinsic properties: The neutrino-antineutrino relation SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 129th Nobel Symposium CY AUG 19-24, 2004 CL Enkoping, SWEDEN ID MASSES AB Are neutrinos their own antiparticles? We explain why they very well might be. Then, after highlighting the fact that, to determine experimentally whether they are or not, one must overcome the smallness of neutrino masses, we discuss the one approach that nevertheless shows great promise. Finally, we turn to the consequences of neutrinos being their own antiparticles. These consequences include unusual electromagnetic properties, and manifestly CP-violating effects from "Majorana" phases that have no quark analogues. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 106, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kayser, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 106, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM boris@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T121 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T121/024 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 034GU UT WOS:000236917900026 ER PT J AU Dimakis, N Bunker, G AF Dimakis, N. Bunker, G. TI Initial results of the one-dimensional XAFS Debye-Waller models for active sites of Cu histidine and cystein metalloproteins SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The mean square variation of the half-scattering path length in X-ray absorption. ne structure Debye-Waller factors has been expressed as a function of the first shell radial distance and an angle (where applicable) for Zn+2 active sites of metalloproteins enabling direct and accurate calculation of the single and multiple scattering Debye-Waller factors at arbitrary temperatures. The local character of the filled d-orbital Zn+2 element does not obstruct us from extending this technique to other metals with unfilled d-orbital. In this report we present initial results based on one-dimensional radial models applicable to the d(9) Cu(I) and Cu(II) histidine/imidazole and cystein complexes. Results from these new models are compared with large reference structures of homogeneous and heterogeneous Cu metal ligation built and optimized by non-local Density Functional Theory. C1 [Dimakis, N.; Bunker, G.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Dimakis, N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dimakis, N (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM dimakis@biocat2.phys.iit.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100042 ER PT J AU Booth, CH Bridges, F AF Booth, C. H. Bridges, F. TI Improved self-absorption correction for fluorescence measurements of extended X-ray absorption fine-structure SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) data collected in the fluorescence mode are susceptible to an apparent amplitude reduction due to the self-absorption of the fluorescing photon by the sample before it reaches a detector. Previous treatments have made the simplifying assumption that the effect of the EXAFS on the correction term is negligible, and that the samples are in the thick limit. We present a nearly exact treatment that can be applied for any sample thickness or concentration, and retains the EXAFS oscillations in the correction term. C1 [Booth, C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bridges, F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 11 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100051 ER PT J AU Dimakis, N Bunker, G AF Dimakis, N. Bunker, G. TI 3D molecular graphical user interface add-on for analysis program for EXAFS: A new prospect SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB This report describes an effort to include three-dimensional interactive molecular graphics into the main APEX program, a free, open source, cross platform data analysis package for X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) data analysis. The latest version of APEX (2.7.3) based on a native TCL/TK tab-notebook style graphical user interface includes among others, user-friendly interactive two-dimensional graphics under BLT, an extension of TCL/TK with advanced printing capabilities; generic format conversion from ASCII to University of Washington binary-type files; new TCL routines for data handling; XMU corrections and multiple scattering fitting. Based on Virtual Rendering System (VRS), the 3-D version reads and displays molecular structures for various. le formats allowing object rotation, translation and atoms selection for determining interatomic distances and angles. The most important feature of 3D APEX is the interaction with the FEFF program: scattering paths are displayed, selected and are used to generate appropriate chi(k) XAFS spectra. 3D APEX is the only program that offers three-dimensional graphics and in its current form is suitable for routine data analysis and training. At this time the 3D APEX add-on is only available for Windows PC. Addition of more advanced methods of data analysis are planned. C1 [Dimakis, N.; Bunker, G.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Dimakis, N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dimakis, N (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM dimakis@biocat2.phys.iit.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 226 EP 228 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100059 ER PT J AU Brennan, S Luening, K Pianetta, P Bradley, J Graham, G Westphal, A Snead, C Dominguez, G AF Brennan, S. Luening, K. Pianetta, P. Bradley, J. Graham, G. Westphal, A. Snead, C. Dominguez, G. TI Near-edge absorption spectroscopy of interplanetary dust particles SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) are derived from primitive Solar System bodies like asteroids and comets. Studies of IDPs provide a window onto the origins of the solar system and presolar interstellar environments. We are using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) techniques developed for the measurement of the cleanliness of silicon wafer surfaces to analyze these particles with high detection sensitivity. In addition to elemental analysis of the particles, we have collected X-ray Absorption Near-Edge spectra in a grazing incidence geometry at the Fe and Ni absorption edges for particles placed on a silicon wafer substrate. We find that the iron is dominated by Fe2O3. C1 [Brennan, S.; Luening, K.; Pianetta, P.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bradley, J.; Graham, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Westphal, A.; Snead, C.; Dominguez, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brennan, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM sean.brennan@stanford.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 261 EP 263 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100070 ER PT J AU Bridges, F Cao, D AF Bridges, Frank Cao, D. TI Correlations in the vibrations of atoms in complex unit cells SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Correlations in the atomic motions can significantly change the interpretation of thermal effects in structural data. Including correlations of the stretching of the Zr-O bond with transverse O vibrations in the W-O-Zr linkage, in ZrW2O8, can explain the apparent discrepancy between a small sigma(2)(W-Zr) in EXAFS data and a large O thermal parameter U-2. This work also shows that in some cases a small value of sigma(2) does not always mean that the vibration frequency is high. C1 [Bridges, Frank] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Cao, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bridges, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 264 EP 266 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100071 ER PT J AU Kropf, AJ Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM AF Kropf, A. J. Johnson, C. S. Vaughey, J. T. Thackeray, M. M. TI XAFS analysis of layered Li(x)Ni(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2) (0 < x <= 2) electrodes for lithium batteries SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; IN-SITU XAFS; ION BATTERIES; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE; FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY AB X-ray absorption. ne-structure spectroscopy was used to ascertain the individual metal oxidation states involved during the electrochemical insertion and extraction of lithium with layered Li(x)Ni(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2) electrodes in lithium cells. These results, along with electrochemical cycling data, suggest that the LixNi(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2) (0 < x <= 2) electrodes operate predominantly via two-electron redox couples, Ni(4+)/Ni(2+) and Mn(4+)/Mn(2+), between 4.5 and 2.0V (0 < x <= 1) and below 1.07 V (1 < x <= 2) versus metallic Li, respectively. In the upper voltage region, the Ni-O bond changes by nearly 0.14 angstrom, while the Mn-O bond remains at nearly a fixed length. In the low-voltage region, the LiNi(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2) electrode undergoes a two-phase reaction with Li to form a dilithium compound, Li(2)Ni(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2); during this reaction, charge transfer occurs at the Mn metal center. C1 [Kropf, A. J.; Johnson, C. S.; Vaughey, J. T.; Thackeray, M. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kropf, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kropf@cmt.anl.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 274 EP 277 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100074 ER PT J AU Yaita, T Shiwaku, H Suzuki, S Okamoto, Y Shimada, A Assefa, Z Haire, RG AF Yaita, T. Shiwaku, H. Suzuki, S. Okamoto, Y. Shimada, A. Assefa, Z. Haire, R. G. TI XAFS and spectroscopic characterization for the structure and electronic structure of Ce-DMDPhPDA complexes in methanol SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The structural parameters and the electronic structure of the complex between cerium(III) and N,N'-dimethyl- N,N'-diphenylpyridine-2,6-carboxyamide (DMD PhPDA) were studied by XAFS, and both luminescence and excitation spectroscopes. We investigated the fundamental aspects of this material as the ligand is promising for the separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides. The Ce-K XAFS spectra were measured at the SPring-8 synchrotron facility in Japan. It was determined that the bond distances between the carbonyl oxygen and cerium, and between the pyridyl nitrogen and cerium were about 2.49 and 2.67 angstrom, respectively. The angle between the Ce-N bond and the p(z) axis of the lone pair of the pyridyl nitrogen is 180 degrees for the solution state, suggesting covalent interaction between cerium and the nitrogen of the DMDPhPDA ligand. Emission from this system is severely quenched, and red-shifts, and supports the presence of a strong inner sphere complexation between cerium and the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl group. From the XANES spectrum, the oxidation state of cerium was determined to be trivalent. C1 [Yaita, T.; Suzuki, S.; Okamoto, Y.; Shimada, A.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Yaita, T.; Shiwaku, H.; Okamoto, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Res Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Yaita, T.; Assefa, Z.; Haire, R. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yaita, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM yaita@mummy.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 302 EP 305 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100082 ER PT J AU Piilonen, PC Farges, F Linnen, RL Brown, GE AF Piilonen, P. C. Farges, F. Linnen, R. L. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Tin and niobium in dry and fluid-rich (H2O, F) silicate glasses SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The speciation of niobium and tin in 29 silicate glasses was investigated by XAFS at the Nb and Sn K-edges using beamline 4-3 and 11-2 at SSRL (Stanford, USA). The metal content in the glasses varies between 100 ppm and 5wt.% ( to examine the effects of Nb2O5 and SnO2 saturation in the melt composition prior quenching). The glasses show variation in composition from peralkaline to peraluminous, with either zero or similar to 2 wt.% fluorine. In addition, hydrous glasses were quenched from water-saturated melts at 850 degrees C and 2 kbar under relatively reducing conditions. Three "haplogranitic" compositions (a model granite in the system Na2O-K2O-AlO3-SiO2) were investigated: peralkaline (labeled "ASI 0.6"), metaluminous ("ASI 1.0") and peraluminous ("ASI 1.2"). One series of haplogranitic glasses ("SQ") were synthesized at intermediate oxygen fugacity conditions (similar to 10(-9) atm.). In addition, 15 model oxide and silicate compounds of tin and niobium were investigated. The tin-bearing glasses show Sn K-edge XAFS spectra that resemble that displayed by eakerite, a Ca-Sn silicate in which Sn(IV)O-6 octahedra share corners with SiO4 tetrahedra (< Sn-O-Si >: 150 degrees). However, the most reduced glasses show significant contributions arising from weakly bound Sn(II)O-n complexes. The niobium-bearing glasses show Nb K-edge XAFS spectra that most closely resemble that displayed by vuonnemite, a Na-Ti-Nb silicophosphate. Niobium forms NbO6 clusters, also bonded to Si/Al second neighbors. The coordination geometry of niobium in the glasses is strongly influenced by both Nb content and alkalinity; H2O content does not strongly influence the speciation of niobium. Fluorine-bearing Nb-glasses show unusual XANES spectra, which might be related to a decrease in the coordination number of niobium from 6 to 4 (or 5). However, based on Nb K-edge XANES calculations (FEFF 8), fluorine does not appear to complex niobium. C1 [Piilonen, P. C.; Farges, F.] Univ Marne la Vallee, Lab Geomat, CNRS, FRE 2455, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Piilonen, P. C.] Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Farges, F.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Linnen, R. L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Piilonen, PC (reprint author), Univ Marne la Vallee, Lab Geomat, CNRS, FRE 2455, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM ppiilonen@mus-nature.ca NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100116 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Yasuji Gullikson, Eric M. Perera, Rupert C. C. TI Soft x-ray absorption spectra of amorphous carbon SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Information about the local structure of amorphous carbon (a-C)films was obtained by comparing soft X-ray absorption spectra in the CK region of sputtered a-C films to reference carbon compounds such as hydrofullerene (C60H36), highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and carbon black. The spectra of the a-C films exhibited. ne structures, which consisted of at least different six portions. Comparing the spectral features of the a-C films with the reference compounds and the spectral analysis by discrete variational (DV)-X alpha molecular orbital calculations indicated that the. ne structures of the a-C films are due to a hybrid of sp(2) and sp(3) carbon atoms. C1 [Muramatsu, Yasuji] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kansai Res Estab, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Gullikson, Eric M.; Perera, Rupert C. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Kansai Res Estab, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 501 EP 503 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100148 ER PT J AU Guziewicz, E Kopalko, K Sadowski, J Guziewicz, M Golacki, Z Kanski, J Ilver, L AF Guziewicz, E. Kopalko, K. Sadowski, J. Guziewicz, M. Golacki, Z. Kanski, J. Ilver, L. TI Mn on the surface of ZnO(0001) - a resonant photoemisson study SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The electronic structure of Mn/ZnO system has been invesigated by synchrotron radiation photoemission. Manganese vacuum deposition was done at room temperature onto a ZnO(0001) single crystal for coverage Mn-Theta <= 4 ML. Photoemission spectra taken near the Mn3p-Mn3d absorption edge after each deposition step show resonant enhancement of Mn3d states within 10 eV of the Fermi edge. The experimentally deduced partial Mn3d density of states for Theta >= 1.2 ML shows at least three features: a major Mn3d structure at 3.8-4.5 eV below the Fermi edge, a valence structure at lower binding energy (1-3 eV) and a broad satelite in the 5.5-9 eV range. The branching ratio of satellite/main structure increases with depostion from 0.33 for 0.4 ML to 0.65 for 4 ML. After annealing up to 500 degrees C the satellite/main ratio decreases to 0.43 indicating a high degree of hybridization between the Mn3d states and valence band of ZnO. After annealing no manganese cap layer was found at the crystal surfaces as was confirmed by the lack of metallic Fermi edge in photoemission spectra and by scanning Auger spectroscopy experiment. The photoemission Mn3p core level spectra taken after annealing consist of two components separated by about 4 eV, which shows that at least two manganese states are observed in the Mn-ZnO interface region. C1 [Guziewicz, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Guziewicz, E.; Kopalko, K.; Sadowski, J.; Golacki, Z.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Sadowski, J.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst fAFG, Orsted Lab, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sadowski, J.] Lund Univ, Max Lab, Lund, Sweden. [Guziewicz, M.] Inst Electr Mat Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Kanski, J.; Ilver, L.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kanski, J.; Ilver, L.] Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Guziewicz, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ela@lanl.gov RI Sadowski, Janusz/E-9464-2014; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Sadowski, Janusz/0000-0002-9495-2648; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 541 EP 544 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100161 ER PT J AU Heald, SM Chambers, SA Droubay, T AF Heald, S. M. Chambers, S. A. Droubay, T. TI XAFS study of epitaxial CoxTi1-xO2-x anatase SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Co doped TiO2-anatase is a promising candidate for a room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor. XAFS measurements have been used to investigate the local Co environment and Co valence for several Co-anatase films. The samples were grown on LaAlO3 (001) by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy and on SrTiO3 by atomic oxygen assisted MBE. Co concentrations were about 5%. The measurements were made at the PNC-CAT bending magnet and undulator beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source. For the films on LaAlO3, the near edge clearly shows the presence of only Co(2+), and no evidence for metallic Co, while the films on SrTiO3 showed significant metallic Co. Analysis of the extended. ne structure for the LaAlO3 films finds that the Co substitutes for Ti with some distortion of the lattice. Both in-plane and out-of-plane Co-O bonds are expanded from the Ti-O bonds in anatase. The in-plane bonds are expanded approximately twice as much. A deficit in the oxygen coordination number suggests a correlation of oxygen vacancies with Co sites. C1 [Heald, S. M.; Chambers, S. A.; Droubay, T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heald, S. M.] Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heald, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM heald@aps.anl.gov RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 597 EP 599 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100179 ER PT J AU Wende, H Scherz, A Sorg, C Li, Z Poulopoulos, P Baberschke, K Ankudinov, AL Rehr, JJ Wilhelm, F Jaouen, N Rogalev, A Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA AF Wende, H. Scherz, A. Sorg, C. Li, Z. Poulopoulos, P. Baberschke, K. Ankudinov, A. L. Rehr, J. J. Wilhelm, F. Jaouen, N. Rogalev, A. Schlagel, D. L. Lograsso, T. A. TI Temperature dependence of magnetic EXAFS for rare earth elements SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB A systematic study of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the L-3 edge is presented for Gd and Tb single crystals in the extended energy range (MEXAFS). The investigation of the dichroic signal in this energy range is especially interesting for rare earth metals because the relative intensity of the magnetic EXAFS to the near edge signal (XMCD) is much larger compared to 3d transition metals. This is because the MEXAFS for the rare earth elements is essentially proportional to the total 4f magnetic moment, whereas the XMCD is dominated by dipole transitions to the spin-dependent 5d densities of states only. The temperature dependence of the magnetic EXAFS originates both from spin fluctuations and lattice vibrations. We present a new procedure to separate these contributions by modeling the absorption coefficients mu(+)(E) and mu(-)(E) for right and left circularly polarized X-rays, by the energy shifted experimental spin-averaged spectra. The temperature dependence of the MEXAFS can then be described by a temperature-dependent energy shift Delta E(T) which is proportional to the temperature-dependent magnetization M(T). Furthermore, multiple and single scattering contributions in the MEXAFS are separated by comparison of the experimental data to ab initio calculations using the FEFF8 code. C1 [Wende, H.; Scherz, A.; Sorg, C.; Li, Z.; Poulopoulos, P.; Baberschke, K.] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ankudinov, A. L.; Rehr, J. J.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wilhelm, F.; Jaouen, N.; Rogalev, A.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Schlagel, D. L.; Lograsso, T. A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wende, H (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM babgroup@physik.fu-berlin.de RI Wende, Heiko/J-8505-2012 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 600 EP 602 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100180 ER PT J AU Woicik, JC Aguirre-Tostada, FS Herrera-Gomez, A Droopad, R Yu, Z Schlom, D Karapetrova, E Zschack, P Pianetta, P AF Woicik, J. C. Aguirre-Tostada, F. S. Herrera-Gomez, A. Droopad, R. Yu, Z. Schlom, D. Karapetrova, E. Zschack, P. Pianetta, P. TI X-ray absorption fine-structure determination of interfacial polarization in SrTiO(3) thin films grown on Si(001) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FERROELECTRICITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Polarization-dependent X-ray absorption. ne structure together with X-ray diffraction have been used to study the local structure in SrTiO(3) thin films grown on Si(001). Our data indicate that an interfacial polarization of the SrTiO(3) layer by the Si substrate results in a tetragonal distortion of the SrTiO(3) unit cell. C1 [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aguirre-Tostada, F. S.; Herrera-Gomez, A.] CINVESTAV Quertero, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. [Droopad, R.; Yu, Z.] Motorola Inc, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Schlom, D.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Karapetrova, E.; Zschack, P.] Univ Illinois, APS UNICAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pianetta, P.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM woicik@bnl.gov RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100187 ER PT J AU Downward, L Bridges, F Bushart, S Neumeier, J Zhou, L AF Downward, L. Bridges, F. Bushart, S. Neumeier, J. Zhou, L. TI A universal relationship between magnetization and the local structure in La1-xCaxMnO(3); a probe of the magnetization process SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB We report X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) measurements of the colossal magneto-resistance (CMR) samples La0.79Ca0.21MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 at high magnetic fields. For T near T-c, the width parameter of the pair distribution function, sigma, decreases significantly as the applied magnetic field is increased. For a given magnetization, M, the decrease in sigma(2) from the disordered polaron state is the same, irrespective of whether M was achieved through a change in temperature or the application of an external magnetic field. This universal behavior can be modeled as a quadratic function of magnetization, and suggests a new model for the magnetization process. C1 [Downward, L.; Bridges, F.; Bushart, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Neumeier, J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zhou, L.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Downward, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 629 EP 631 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100190 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, S Kelly, SD Palkar, VR Fan, L Segre, CU AF Chattopadhyay, S. Kelly, S. D. Palkar, V. R. Fan, L. Segre, C. U. TI Investigation of size effects in magnetoelectric BiFeO(3) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Magnetoelectric materials may be applicable in magnetic and ferroelectric devices, because they exhibit both magnetic and electrical ordering over a range of temperatures. One of the few magnetoelectic materials is BiFeO(3). Large particles of (bulk) BiFeO(3) have a perovskite structure, a Neel temperature (T(N)) of 380 degrees C, and a ferroelectric transition temperature (T(C)) of 810 degrees C. Changing the particle size of BiFeO(3), to nanometer scale has been demonstrated to affect the magnetoelectric properties of this material. These changes may result from the small particle size of the nanoparticulate BiFeO(3) or may be due to local structural changes caused by the decrease in particle size. Nanoparticles of BiFeO(3) with a narrow size distribution are not easy to prepare. Nanoparticles were synthesized by using wet chemical techniques and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Fe K-edge X-ray-absorption. ne structure (XAFS) measurements were made of bulk and nanoparticulate BiFeO(3) to determine the local atomic structure about Fe. The XAFS results from the nanoparticulate BiFeO(3) show that the local structure about the Fe atoms to approximately 4.0 angstrom is the same as in the bulk BiFeO(3) sample. This result indicates that the decrease in the Neel Temperature (400 degrees to 339 degrees C for these samples) with the decrease in particle size (1.4 mu m to 20nm) is not due to local structural changes about the Fe atoms as a result of the decrease in particle size. C1 [Chattopadhyay, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MRCAT, CSRRI IIT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kelly, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Palkar, V. R.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Chattopadhyay, S.; Segre, C. U.] IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, MRCAT, CSRRI IIT, Bldg 433B,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM soma@agni.phys.iit.edu RI Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 709 EP 713 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100214 ER PT J AU Singh, A Luening, K Brennan, S Homma, T Kubo, N Pianetta, P AF Singh, A. Luening, K. Brennan, S. Homma, T. Kubo, N. Pianetta, P. TI Nucleation and growth of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The recent adoption of copper interconnect technology by the semiconductor industry, has led to great interest in understanding the mechanisms of copper metal deposition onto silicon wafer surfaces from ultra pure water (UPW) solutions. We have studied these processes by using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) in a grazing incidence geometry to determine the surface concentration and chemical state of copper atoms on intentionally contaminated Si surfaces. These measurements established that in deoxygenated UPW, copper is deposited on the silicon surface in the form of metallic nanoparticles with sizes up to 16 nm. However, in non-deoxygenated UPW, the copper is incorporated uniformly into the silicon surface oxide as Cu oxide. C1 [Singh, A.; Luening, K.; Brennan, S.; Homma, T.; Kubo, N.; Pianetta, P.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM pianetta@stanford.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 714 EP 716 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100215 ER PT J AU Frenkel, AI Frankel, SC Liu, TB AF Frenkel, Anatoly I. Frankel, Shira C. Liu, Tianbo TI Structural stability of giant polyoxomolybdate molecules as probed by EXAFS SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Recent progress in synthesis of "giant" polyoxomolybdate (POM) molecules that have a structure of hollow spheres or wheels and size of several nanometers in diameter has emphasized the need in their accurate structural investigation. Our temperature-dependent EXAFS studies demonstrated that the first generation POM molecules containing 132 Mo atoms, undergo irreversible structural transformations at ca. 500 K, while the recently synthesized second generation POM at ca. 400 K. The number of different structural units in these molecules can be accurately obtained from EXAFS analysis and compared with model structure calculations. In our method of analysis, we use theoretical calculations of pair radial distribution functions from the model structures as initial approximations to analyze the structures of these molecules. Our analysis allowed us to identify the new POM structure as a giant sphere, similar to the {Mo-132} structure but containing 522 Mo atoms. Our results also demonstrate that the structural rigidity of different building blocks of these molecules can be quantitatively probed by EXAFS. C1 [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.; Frankel, Shira C.] Yeshiva Univ, Stern Coll Women, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Liu, Tianbo] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Frenkel, AI (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, 245 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM frenkel@bnl.gov RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 721 EP 723 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100217 ER PT J AU Lahiri, D Chattopadhyay, S Bunker, BA Doudna, CM Bertino, MF Blum, F Tokuhiro, A Terry, J AF Lahiri, Debdutta Chattopadhyay, Soma Bunker, B. A. Doudna, C. M. Bertino, M. F. Blum, F. Tokuhiro, A. Terry, J. TI EXAFS studies of bimetallic Ag-Pt and Ag-Pd nanorods SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Nanoparticles of Ag-Pt and Ag-Pd with high aspect ratios were synthesized using a radiolysis method. Gamma rays at dose rates below 0.5 kGy/h were used for irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), optical absorption spectroscopy and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Bright field micrographs show that Ag-Pt nanowires are composed of large particles with diameters ranging from 20-30 nm and joined by. laments of diameter between 2-5 nm. The Ag-Pd nanowires have diameters of 20-25 nm and lengths of 1.5 mu m. For XAFS measurements, the Pt L(3) edge (11.564 keV), Ag K-edge (25.514 keV) and Pd K-edge (24.350 keV) were excited to determine the local structure around the respective atoms in the cluster. The Ag-Pt particles were found to possess a distinct core-shell structure with Pt in the core surrounded by Ag shell, with no indication of alloy formation. However, nanorods of Ag-Pd have formed an alloy for all the alloy compositions. C1 [Lahiri, Debdutta; Bunker, B. A.; Terry, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Soma; Terry, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CSRRI IIT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Soma] IIT, Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Doudna, C. M.; Bertino, M. F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Blum, F.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Tokuhiro, A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Nucl Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Lahiri, D (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM dlahiri@u.washington.edu; terryj@iit.edu RI Blum, Frank/D-2444-2010; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Blum, Frank/0000-0002-7884-3134; NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 776 EP 780 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100233 ER PT J AU Smolentsev, G Soldatov, AV Wasinger, E Solomon, E Hodgson, K Hedman, B AF Smolentsev, G. Soldatov, A. V. Wasinger, E. Solomon, E. Hodgson, K. Hedman, B. TI Investigation of the local structure of Fe(II) bleomycin and peplomycins using theoretical analysis of XANES SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The active site geometry of Fe(II)-bleomycin, peplomycin and its derivatives have been studied on the basis of theoretical multiple scattering simulations of the Fe Kedge X-ray absorption near edge structure. Comparisons of the experimental and theoretical spectra calculated for the different models of Fe(II)-bleomycin reveal serious distortions of the ligands nearest to Fe. This includes the presence of one ligand with a very short bond length as well as angular distortions. Reconstruction of the nearest environment of the Fe during perturbation of axial ligand was investigated for peplomycin. It was found that replacement of carbamoyl group of the mannose with solvent molecule led to a small increase of average radius (0.03 angstrom) of the first atomic shell around Fe ion and elongation of the shortest bond length (0.10 angstrom). C1 [Smolentsev, G.; Soldatov, A. V.] Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. [Wasinger, E.; Solomon, E.; Hodgson, K.; Hedman, B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hodgson, K.; Hedman, B.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Smolentsev, G (reprint author), Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, 5 Sorge St, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. EM Soldatov@rsu.ru RI Smolentsev, Grigory/C-6438-2008; Soldatov, Alexander/E-9323-2012 OI Soldatov, Alexander/0000-0001-8411-0546 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 862 EP 863 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100258 ER PT J AU Liu, T Chen, LX AF Liu, Tao Chen, Lin X. TI An enhanced electronic state in ZnTPP induced by interaction with solvation: A multiple-scattering calculation of x-ray absorption near-edge spectra SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Metalloporphyrins (MP) are important for a wide variety of biological processes and photosynthesis and have been intensively investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The typical metal K-edge XANES spectra of the square-planar MTPP show a very sharp peak on the rising edge of the main absorption peak, which was assigned to 1s -> 4p(z) electronic transition. We carried out a series of multiple-scattering calculations of porphyrin molecules and found that this peak can be greatly enhanced due to the pi-pi stacking of phenyl rings below and above the porphyrin plane. Density of state calculations confirmed that the emergence of this electronic state is due to the interaction of the 4pz orbital of the metal with pi orbitals of an aromatic solvent molecule with its plane parallel with the macrocycle. This XANES feature of metalloporphyrins can be used to investigate the solvent-solute interactions with presumed non-ligating solvent. C1 [Liu, Tao; Chen, Lin X.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Lin X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Liu, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 864 EP 866 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100259 ER PT J AU Barrea, RA Fischetti, R Stepanov, S Rosenbaum, G Kondrashkina, E Bunker, GB Black, E Zhang, K Gore, D Heurich, R Vukonich, M Karanfil, C Kropf, AJ Wang, S Irving, TC AF Barrea, R. A. Fischetti, R. Stepanov, S. Rosenbaum, G. Kondrashkina, E. Bunker, G. B. Black, E. Zhang, K. Gore, D. Heurich, R. Vukonich, M. Karanfil, C. Kropf, A. J. Wang, S. Irving, T. C. TI Biological XAFS at the BioCAT undulator beamline 18ID at the APS SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT) undulator beam line at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL is a user facility devoted to the study of partially ordered and disordered biological materials by X-ray scattering, diffraction and absorption spectroscopy. Two sagital focussing, double-crystal (Si(111) and Si(400)) monochromators and a 1 m mirror provide monochromatic, horizontally and vertically focussed X-ray beams in the range of 4-35 keV. The small focal spots produced by this optics are well matched to novel XAFS detectors developed by BioCAT: a multilayer analyzer array and Bent Laue crystal based analyzers. Fast on-the-fly scans (similar to 5s/scan) have been implemented to take full advantage of the high X-ray flux at the Advanced Photon Source. Such fast scans not only allow high throughput but also reduces radiation damage to labile biological samples. A closed-cycle displex cryostat is routinelly used for low temperature XAS measurements. For continuous flow and time resolved XAS experiments, a dual syringe stopped-flow system has been implemented. C1 [Barrea, R. A.; Fischetti, R.; Stepanov, S.; Kondrashkina, E.; Bunker, G. B.; Black, E.; Zhang, K.; Gore, D.; Heurich, R.; Vukonich, M.; Karanfil, C.; Wang, S.; Irving, T. C.] IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, BioCAT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Rosenbaum, G.] Univ Georgia, SER CAT, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Kropf, A. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, CMT Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barrea, RA (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, BioCAT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM barrea@bio.aps.anl.gov RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 867 EP 869 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100260 ER PT J AU Farges, F Chalmin, E Vignaud, C Pallot-Frossard, I Susini, J Bargar, J Brown, GE Menu, M AF Farges, F. Chalmin, E. Vignaud, C. Pallot-Frossard, I. Susini, J. Bargar, J. Brown, G. E., Jr. Menu, M. TI Archeological applications of XAFS: Prehistorical paintings and medieval glasses SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB High-resolution manganese and iron K-edges XANES spectra were collected on several samples of archeological interest: prehistorical paintings and medieval glasses. XANES spectra were collected at the ID21 facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) using a micro-beam device and at the 11-2 beamline (SSRL, Stanford, USA) using a submillimetric beam. The medieval glasses studied are from gothic glass windows from Normandy (XIVth century). The aim of this study is to help understand the chemical durability of these materials, exposed to weathering since the XIVth century. They are used as analogues of weathered glasses used to dump metallic wastes. These glasses show surficial enrichment in manganese, due to its oxidation from II (glass) to III/IV (surface), which precipitates as amorphous oxy-hydroxides. Similarly, iron is oxidized on the surface and forms ferrihydrite-type aggregates. The prehistorical paintings are from Lascaux and Ekain (Basque country). We choose in that study the black ones, rich in manganese to search for potential evidences of some "savoir-faire" that the Paleolithic men could have used to realize their paint in rock art, as shown earlier for Fe-bearing pigments. A large number of highly valuable samples, micrometric scaled, were extracted from these frescoes and show large variation in the mineralogical nature of the black pigments used, from an amorphous psilomelane-type to a well-crystallized pyrolusite. Correlation with the crystals morphology helps understanding the know-how of these early artists. C1 [Farges, F.; Chalmin, E.] Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, CNRS, FRE 2455, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Farges, F.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chalmin, E.; Vignaud, C.; Menu, M.] CNRS, C2RNF, Paris, France. [Pallot-Frossard, I.] Lab Rech Musees France LRMH, Champs Sur Marne, France. [Susini, J.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Bargar, J.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, CNRS, FRE 2455, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM farges@univ-mlv.fr NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 885 EP 887 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2005/T115/264 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100265 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Webb, SM Tebo, BM AF Bargar, J. R. Webb, S. M. Tebo, B. M. TI EXAFS, XANES and in-situ SR-XRD characterization of biogenic manganese oxides produced in sea water SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Natural manganese oxide nanoparticles and grain coatings are ubiquitous in the environment and profoundly impact the quality of sediments via their ability to degrade and sequester contaminants. These oxides are believed to form dominantly via oxidation of Mn(II) by marine and freshwater bacteria and have extremely high sorptive capacities for heavy metals. We have used XANES, EXAFS, and synchrotron (SR)-XRD techniques to study biogenic manganese oxides produced by spores of the marine Bacillus sp., strain SG-1 in sea water as a function of reaction time under fully in-situ conditions. The primary biogenic product is a nanocrystalline solid with an oxidation state and layered phyllomanganate local structure similar to that in delta-MnO2. XRD data show the biooxides to have a phyllomanganate 10 angstrom basal plane spacing, suggesting the interlayer is hydrated and contains calcium. Fits to EXAFS spectra suggest the octahedral layers of the biooxides to be relatively. at (out-of-plane bend < 10 degrees) and to have relatively low octahedral layer Mn site vacancies (12 to 14%). These results suggest that aqueous Ca2+ is inserted into the biogenic oxide structure after completion of the enzymatic oxidation process. The biooxides observed in this study may be the most abundant manganese oxide phase suspended in the oxic and sub-oxic zones of the oceanic water column. C1 [Bargar, J. R.; Webb, S. M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tebo, B. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM bargar@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 888 EP 890 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100266 ER PT J AU Den Auwer, C Conradson, SD Guilbaud, P Moisy, P de Leon, JM Simoni, E AF Den Auwer, C. Conradson, S. D. Guilbaud, P. Moisy, P. de Leon, J. Mustre Simoni, E. TI Investigating actinide molecular adducts from absorption edge spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Although Absorption Edge Spectroscopy has been widely applied to the speciation of actinide elements, specifically at the L-III edge, understanding and interpretation of actinide edge spectra are not complete. In that sense, semi-quantitative analysis is scarce. In this paper, different aspects of edge simulation are presented, including semi-quantitative approaches. Comparison is made between various actinyl (U, Np) aquo or hydroxy compounds. An excursion into transition metal osmium chemistry allows us to compare the structurally related osmyl and uranyl hydroxides. The edge shape and characteristic features are discussed within the multiple scattering picture and the role of the first coordination sphere as well as contributions from the water solvent are described. C1 [Den Auwer, C.; Guilbaud, P.; Moisy, P.] CEA, Marcoule DEN, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. [Conradson, S. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [de Leon, J. Mustre] CINVESTAV Merida, Merida 97310, Cordemex, Mexico. [Simoni, E.] Univ Paris 11, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Den Auwer, C (reprint author), CEA, Marcoule DEN, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. EM christophe.denauwer@cea.fr RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Guilbaud, Philippe/J-6455-2015; Moisy, Philippe/H-2477-2015 OI Guilbaud, Philippe/0000-0001-9777-8326; Moisy, Philippe/0000-0002-9331-0846 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 891 EP 893 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100267 ER PT J AU Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Brooks, SC Fredrickson, JK Carroll, SL Kennedy, DW Zachara, JM Plymale, AE Fendorf, S AF Kelly, S. D. Kemner, K. M. Brooks, S. C. Fredrickson, J. K. Carroll, S. L. Kennedy, D. W. Zachara, J. M. Plymale, A. E. Fendorf, S. TI Ca-UO2-CO3 complexation - Implications for Bioremediation of U(VI) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article C1 [Kelly, S. D.; Kemner, K. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Brooks, S. C.; Carroll, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Fredrickson, J. K.; Kennedy, D. W.; Zachara, J. M.; Plymale, A. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fendorf, S.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM skelly@anl.gov RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788; Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 915 EP 917 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100275 ER PT J AU Kemner, KM Kelly, SD O'Loughlin, EJ Khare, T Moe, LA Fox, BG Donnelly, MI Londer, Y Schiffer, M Giometti, CS AF Kemner, K. M. Kelly, S. D. O'Loughlin, E. J. Khare, T. Moe, L. A. Fox, B. G. Donnelly, M. I. Londer, Y. Schiffer, M. Giometti, C. S. TI XRF and XAFS analysis of electrophoretically isolated nondenatured proteins SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Microbial metal reduction is relevant for developing bioremediation strategies for contaminated sites containing toxic metal compounds, but the molecular mechanisms involved and the regulation of those mechanisms are poorly understood. Metal reduction capability is microbe specific, yet the involvement of metalloproteins in the transport of electrons from electron donor molecules to electron acceptor molecules (i.e., to the metals to be reduced) is common to all metal-reducing organisms. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved in metal reduction by microbes, with a focus on their metalloproteins, will provide valuable information about the metal reduction capability of the organisms and could provide general insight into the mechanisms of metalloprotein expression and regulation in other microbial systems as well. We are developing methods for the efficient separation, detection, and quanti. cation of metalloproteins. Electrophoretic methods for protein separation have been combined with X-ray fluorescence mapping and XAFS to determine the abundance and local chemical environment of iron within a cytochrome. C1 [Kemner, K. M.; Kelly, S. D.; O'Loughlin, E. J.; Khare, T.; Donnelly, M. I.; Londer, Y.; Schiffer, M.; Giometti, C. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moe, L. A.; Fox, B. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Kemner, KM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kemner@anl.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Moe, Luke/0000-0001-6864-4660 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 940 EP 942 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100284 ER PT J AU Webb, SM Bargar, JR Tebo, BM AF Webb, S. M. Bargar, J. R. Tebo, B. M. TI Determination of uranyl incorporation into biogenic manganese oxides using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Uranium is a toxic and radioactive contaminant in many settings, such as groundwaters and sediments. In oxidizing environments, uranyl (U(VI)) is thermodynamically the most stable oxidation state. Sorption or incorporation of U(VI) into reactive mineral phases are processes of major importance because they retard its transport. Biogenic manganese oxides are an important source of reactive mineral surfaces in the environment and may be potentially enhanced in bioremediation cases to improve natural attenuation. Experiments were performed in which U(VI) at various concentrations was present during manganese oxide biogenesis. At all concentrations there was strong uptake of U onto the oxides. Synchrotron based x-ray studies were carried out to determine the manner in which uranyl is incorporated into the oxide and how this incorporation affects the resulting manganese oxide structure and mineralogy. The EXAFS experiments show that uranyl does not appear to substitute into the lattice of the oxides, and is rather present as a strong surface complex. However, the presence of U(VI) on the Mn-oxide layers modifies the lattice constants and coherence lengths of the oxides. These results suggest a complex mechanism in which U transport is retarded by sorption and the surface area of the sorbent is increased. C1 [Webb, S. M.; Bargar, J. R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tebo, B. M.] Univ San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Webb, SM (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM samwebb@slac.stanford.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 949 EP 952 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100287 ER PT J AU Farges, F Rossano, S Lefrere, Y Wilke, M Brown, GE AF Farges, F. Rossano, S. Lefrere, Y. Wilke, M. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Iron in silicate glasses: a systematic analysis of pre-edge, XANES and EXAFS features SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB A large number (67) of silicate glasses containing variable amounts of iron oxide were studied by high-resolution XANES spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge to determine an accurate method to derive redox information from pre-edge features. The glass compositions studied mimic geological magmas, ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic, dry and hydrous, with variable quench rates. The studied glasses also include more chemically simple calco-sodic silicate glass compositions. The Fe contents range from 30wt.% to less than 2000 ppm. For most of the series of composition studied, the pre-edge information varies linearly with redox, even under high-resolution conditions. The average coordination of Fe(II) is often similar to its Fe(III) counterpart except in highly polymerized glasses because of the strong influence exerted by the tetrahedral framework on iron's sites. Natural volcanic glasses (from various volcanoes around the world) show similar variations. The average coordination of Fe( II) is often comprised between 4.5 and 5. Fe(III) shows larger variations in coordination (4 to 6, depending on composition). Bond valence models are proposed to predict the average coordination of Fe based on composition. Molecular dynamics simulations (BornMayer-Huggins potentials) were carried out on some compositions to estimate the magnitude of disorder effects (both static and thermal) in the XAFS analysis. XANES calculations (based on the MD simulations and FEFF 8.2) show large variations in the local structures around Fe. Also, 5-coordinated Fe(III) is found to be an important moiety in ferrisilicate glasses. For Fe(II), discrepancies between glass and melt are larger and are related to its greater structural relaxation at T-g. Also, a strong destructive interference between network formers and modifiers explain the relatively weak intensity of the next-nearest neighbors contributions in the experimental spectra. C1 [Farges, F.; Rossano, S.] Univ Marne La Vallee, CNRS, FRE 2455, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. [Farges, F.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lefrere, Y.] St Gobain Res, Aubervilliers, France. [Wilke, M.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geowissensch, Potsdam, Germany. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, CNRS, FRE 2455, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM farges@univ-mlv.fr NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 957 EP 959 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100289 ER PT J AU Matsuo, S Nachimuthu, P Lindle, DW Perera, RCC Wakita, H AF Matsuo, S. Nachimuthu, P. Lindle, D. W. Perera, R. C. C. Wakita, H. TI The electronic structures of crystalline and aqueous solutions of NaBr and NaBrO3 using in-situ NaK and Br L edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; EMISSION; XANES; ION AB The electronic structures of crystalline and aqueous solutions of NaBr and NaBrO3 were studied using in-situ Na K and Br L edge X-ray absorption spectra measured under ambient conditions. Analyses of Na K-edge X-ray absorption spectra show that NaBr and NaBrO3 strongly dissociate in aqueous solution and form Na+ hydration structures, [Na(H2O)(n)](+) (n = 0 - 6). However, the size of the anions significantly affects the formation of the Na+ hydration structures in aqueous solutions. The ligand field potential (10 Dq) observed in the Br L-edge X-ray absorption spectra allows in determining their dependence not only on the coordination structure between the Br and the first near neighbor but also the second near neighbor in crystalline state, and, the hydration structure and the counter cations in aqueous solutions. DV-X alpha molecular-orbital calculations predict that the transitions in the Br L-edge NEXAFS occur from Br 2p to the unoccupied states containing mainly 4d orbitals of Br for both crystalline and aqueous solution. However, 5s and 5p of Br and 3p of Na in addition to the 4d orbitals of neighbor Br for crystalline NaBr and 5s and 5p of Br, 2p of O and 1s of H for aqueous NaBr also contribute to the unoccupied states. C1 [Matsuo, S.; Wakita, H.] Fukuoka Univ, Adv Mat Inst, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. [Nachimuthu, P.; Lindle, D. W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Nachimuthu, P.; Perera, R. C. C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wakita, H.] Fukuoka Univ, Dept Chem, Jonan Ku, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. RP Wakita, H (reprint author), Fukuoka Univ, Adv Mat Inst, Jonan Ku, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka 8140180, Japan. EM wakita@fukuoka-u.ac.jp NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 966 EP 969 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100292 ER PT J AU Kropf, AJ Fortner, JA Finch, RJ Cunnane, JC Karanfil, C AF Kropf, A. J. Fortner, J. A. Finch, R. J. Cunnane, J. C. Karanfil, C. TI A bent silicon crystal in the Laue geometry to resolve actinide x-ray fluorescence for x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB A highly strained, curved silicon crystal in the Laue geometry has been used as a large area X-ray fluorescence analyzer for X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The analyzer is able to resolve the L alpha fluorescence lines for neighboring actinide elements. A large gain in the signal-to-background ratio has been achieved for low levels of Mo, Np, and Pu in a UO2 matrix. We have determined the chemical state of these elements in approved testing materials of uranium oxide spent nuclear fuel. Due to inelastic scattering from the predominant uranium, the concentration of Np measured, 0.6(2) mg Np/gram U, may be approaching the sensitivity limits for quantitative structural spectroscopy measurements. C1 [Kropf, A. J.; Fortner, J. A.; Finch, R. J.; Cunnane, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Karanfil, C.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Kropf, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kropf@cmt.anl.gov RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 998 EP 1000 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100302 ER PT J AU Webb, SM AF Webb, S. M. TI SIXpack: a graphical user interface for XAS analysis using IFEFFIT SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB SIXPack (Sam's Interface for XAS analysis Package), a graphical user interface that allows users simple manipulation and analysis of data, is presented. The modules of SIXPack allow users to: (1) load, calibrate, and average raw data files; (2) perform background subtractions; (3) perform principal component analysis and target transforms; (4) perform least squares fitting of data to standards and functions; (5) perform EXAFS fitting to FEFF phase and amplitude files; (6) create single scattering FEFF phase and amplitude files using a periodic table interface. Novel features of the program allow for the fitted correction of XANES spectra due to self-absorption effects in unknown matrices, which is particularly useful for analysis of geochemical and environmental systems. The core of the XAS analysis routine uses IFEFFIT. SIXPack is developed in Python, is installable across many operating systems and platforms, and is freely available with an Open Source license. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Webb, SM (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM samwebb@slac.stanford.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 9 TC 473 Z9 477 U1 9 U2 74 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1011 EP 1014 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100306 ER PT J AU Schroer, CG Kuhlmann, M Gunzler, TF Lengeler, B Richwin, M Griesebock, B Lutzenkirchen-Hecht, D Frahm, R Mashayekhi, A Haeffner, DR Ziegler, E Grunwaldt, JD Baiker, A AF Schroer, C. G. Kuhlmann, M. Guenzler, T. F. Lengeler, B. Richwin, M. Griesebock, B. Luetzenkirchen-Hecht, D. Frahm, R. Mashayekhi, A. Haeffner, D. R. Ziegler, E. Grunwaldt, J. -D. Baiker, A. TI Tomographic x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB Hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy is combined with scanning microtomography to reconstruct full near edge spectra of an elemental species at each point on an arbitrary virtual section through a sample. These spectra reveal the local concentration of different chemical compounds of the absorbing element inside the sample and give insight into the oxidation state and the local projected free density of states. The method is implemented by combining a quick scanning monochromator and data acquisition system with a scanning microprobe setup based on refractive X-ray lenses. The full XANES spectra reconstructed at each point of the tomographic slice allow one to detect slight variations in concentration of the chemical compounds, such as Cu and Cu(I)(2)O. C1 [Schroer, C. G.; Kuhlmann, M.; Guenzler, T. F.; Lengeler, B.] Univ Aachen, Inst Phys 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Richwin, M.; Griesebock, B.; Luetzenkirchen-Hecht, D.; Frahm, R.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Inst Mat Sci, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Richwin, M.; Griesebock, B.; Luetzenkirchen-Hecht, D.; Frahm, R.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Mashayekhi, A.; Haeffner, D. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ziegler, E.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Grunwaldt, J. -D.; Baiker, A.] ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Chem & Bioengn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Schroer, CG (reprint author), Univ Aachen, Inst Phys 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. EM schroer@xray-lens.de RI Grunwaldt, Jan-Dierk /L-9246-2013 OI Grunwaldt, Jan-Dierk /0000-0003-3606-0956 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1026 EP 1028 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100311 ER PT J AU Puzic, A Stoll, H Fischer, P von Waeyenberge, B Raabe, J Denbeaux, G Haug, T Weiss, D Schutz, G AF Puzic, A. Stoll, H. Fischer, P. von Waeyenberge, B. Raabe, J. Denbeaux, G. Haug, T. Weiss, D. Schuetz, G. TI Implementing sub-ns time resolution into magnetic x-ray microscopies SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB X-ray microscopies using polarized X-rays allow for imaging magnetic microstructures down to a 20 nm lateral resolution with chemical sensitivity. Utilizing the pulsed time structure of synchrotron radiation a sub-ns time resolution can be implemented by performing stroboscopic pump-and-probe experiments. The temporal evolution of the magnetization in a 50 nm thin circular permalloy element with a diameter of 2 mu m could be imaged with magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy. The magnetic pump pulse to the sample was generated electronically with a rise time of less than 100 ps up to 150 Oe by a microcoil. The probe pulse is the. ash of the circularly polarized X-ray beam with a pulse width of about 70 ps at a frequency of 3 MHz. Images were recorded at varying delay times between pump and probe pulse up to 2000 ps. Fast detection schemes utilizing avalanche photo diodes are capable to pick individual bunches from the storage ring. C1 [Puzic, A.; Stoll, H.; Fischer, P.; von Waeyenberge, B.; Schuetz, G.] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Raabe, J.; Haug, T.; Weiss, D.] Univ Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. [Denbeaux, G.] LBNL, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Puzic, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM peter.fischer@mf.mpg.de RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Weiss, Dieter/G-4883-2016; Raabe, Joerg/C-4818-2012 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Weiss, Dieter/0000-0002-9630-9787; Raabe, Joerg/0000-0002-2071-6896 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1029 EP 1031 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100312 ER PT J AU Glatzel, P Bergmann, U de Groot, FMF Weckhuysen, BM Cramer, SP AF Glatzel, P. Bergmann, U. de Groot, F. M. F. Weckhuysen, Bert M. Cramer, S. P. TI A study of transition metal K absorption pre-edges by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; COORDINATION; SPECTRA; FE AB The K absorption pre-edge structure arises from excitations into the lowest unoccupied states that are partly formed by metal 3d orbitals. The pre-edge energy position, intensity and spectral shape can give valuable insight into the metal site symmetry and electronic configuration. The excited electronic states that form the absorption pre-edge subsequently decay radiatively. This fluorescence decay can be recorded using a crystal spectrometer that has a similar energy bandwidth as the incident beam. Plotting the fluorescence intensity versus incoming and outgoing energy yields three-dimensional plots that offer numerous possibilities for further analysis. In this paper we show that resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) considerably facilitates separation of the K pre-edge structure from the strong dipole allowed transitions at higher incident energies. Previously unobserved spectral features could be revealed. The spectra along the energy transfer axis contain information on the electronic structure that is complementary to K-edge absorption spectroscopy. C1 [Glatzel, P.; de Groot, F. M. F.; Weckhuysen, Bert M.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Glatzel, P.; Cramer, S. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bergmann, U.; Cramer, S. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glatzel, P (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM glatzel@esrf.fr RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1032 EP 1034 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100313 ER PT J AU Scheinost, AC Rossberg, A Marcus, M Pfister, S Kretzschmar, R AF Scheinost, A. C. Rossberg, A. Marcus, M. Pfister, S. Kretzschmar, R. TI Quantitative zinc speciation in soil with XAFS spectroscopy: Evaluation of iterative transformation factor analysis SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB We employed a combination of selective sequential extractions and bulk XAFS spectroscopy, and extracted spectral XAFS components and their concentrations by iterative transformation factor analysis (ITFA), in order to determine the Zn speciation in a smelter-contaminated, acidic soil. We compared the speciation by ITFA with one we performed earlier using principal component analysis and linear combination fit. ITFA identified 4 different species, two different franklinite-type phases (Zn-Fe spinels), sphalerite (Zn sulfide) and Zn oxalate, the latter forming as a precipitate during chemical extraction with oxalate solution. The second spinel-type phase could be extracted with the help of ITFA, although no appropriate reference sample was available. Spinel 1 and 2 have Zn-O distances of 1.96 and 1.99 angstrom, and Zn-Fe distances of 3.53 and 3.48 angstrom, respectively. The results from ITFA gave much better fits of experimental spectra and are better in line with elemental mapping and XAFS microspectroscopy. The major advantage of investigating XAFS data with ITFA is the possibility to derive all species even when part of the references are not available. C1 [Scheinost, A. C.; Rossberg, A.] Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Scheinost, A. C.; Pfister, S.; Kretzschmar, R.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. [Marcus, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scheinost, AC (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM scheinost@esrf.fr RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Scheinost, Andreas/D-2275-2010; Kretzschmar, Ruben/B-4579-2016 OI Kretzschmar, Ruben/0000-0003-2587-2430 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1038 EP 1040 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100315 ER PT J AU Stern, EA Brewe, DL Beck, KM Heald, SM Feng, Y AF Stern, E. A. Brewe, D. L. Beck, K. M. Heald, S. M. Feng, Y. TI Sub-nanosecond time resolved XAFS of laser excited thin Ge films SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article AB A facility at PNC-CAT in the Advanced Photon Source measures with sub-nanosecond time resolution both XAFS and diffraction on femtosecond laser-excited samples. XAFS measures with relatively high efficiency the time for the laser excitation to couple to the lattice, the sample temperature after reaching thermal equilibrium, any ablation of the sample with time, and, in many cases can distinguish between the amorphous and crystalline states. Preliminary measurements on 200 nm thick polycrystal Ge films indicate that the time for transferring the laser excitation to thermal heating of the lattice is less than 2 nanoseconds when the initial temperature is 560 K. C1 [Stern, E. A.; Brewe, D. L.; Feng, Y.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Brewe, D. L.; Heald, S. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Pacific NW Consortium Collaborat Access Team, Sector 20, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Beck, K. M.; Heald, S. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stern, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stern@phys.washington.edu RI Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009 OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PY 2005 VL T115 BP 1044 EP 1046 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V63FD UT WOS:000204272100317 ER PT J AU Gruber, L Holder, JP Schneider, D AF Gruber, L Holder, JP Schneider, D TI Formation of strongly coupled plasmas from multi-component ions in a penning trap SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; LASER-COOLED IONS; WHITE-DWARFS; CRYSTALS; PHYSICS; EMISSION; CRYSTALLIZATION; ACCELERATION; INSTRUMENT AB This report reviews the production of strongly-coupled, multi-component, non-neutral, highly-charged ion plasmas in a cryogenic Penning trap. A unique ion source - Penning trap system has been developed and used: an Electron Beam Ion Trap-Source (EBIT-S). able to produce ions up to U(92+), has been combined with a cold-bore Penning ion trap. The developed experimental techniques such as the ion production, extraction. bunching, multi-ion species trapping and storage (ions up to Th(80+)), detection, cooling, and imaging are presented. The produced mixed plasmas, consisting of several ion species [e.g. Be(+), Xe(q+) (charge q = 34... 44)], are cooled to a temperature of about I degree Kelvin and below. These low temperatures were obtained by applying a sypathetic cooling scheme, using laser cooled Be(+) ions. The determination of the temperature and the density from the laser resonance width and the fluorescence imaging of the Be(+) clouds respectively, yield a Coulomb coupling parameter for the xenon ion plasma of over 1000, large enough for crystallization. Crystallization can be achieved at these relatively high temperatures since the Coulomb coupling parameter scales with q(2). Ion species with different mass to charge ratios centrifugally separate at low temperatures in the trap. and the plasma consists of concentric spheroidal shells of single component plasmas. But even in this case excellent thermal coupling between ion species takes place due to the long range Coulomb interactions. This is demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations of the ion mixtures, which show ordered structures, indicating evidence for crystallization of the highly charged xenon ions. During the investigation of highly charged ion Coulomb crystallization in mixed strongly coupled plasmas, several enabling techniques were developed that are applicable to various areas of physics research: Analogous thermodynamics (Coulomb matter) of white dwarf astrophysical plasmas can experimentally be investigated. high precision laser spectroscopy is made possible due to reduced Doppler broadening effects. cold ion sources can be developed and coherent quantum control experiments can be further explored. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gruber, L (reprint author), Coherent Inc, 5100 Patrick Henry Dr, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. NR 88 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 1 BP 60 EP 107 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/71/1/010 PG 48 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 891TP UT WOS:000226604200010 ER PT J AU Cuk, T Lu, DH Zhou, XJ Shen, ZX Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N AF Cuk, T Lu, DH Zhou, XJ Shen, ZX Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N TI A review of electron-phonon coupling seen in the high-T-c superconductors by angle-resolved photoemission studies (ARPES) SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Tokyo, CREST, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Cuk, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tanjacuk@stanford.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 242 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1002/pssb.200590000 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 891TF UT WOS:000226603200001 ER PT J AU Cuk, T Lu, DH Zhou, XJ Shen, ZX Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N AF Cuk, T Lu, DH Zhou, XJ Shen, ZX Devereaux, TP Nagaosa, N TI A review of electron-phonon coupling seen in the high-T-c superconductors by angle-resolved photoemission studies (ARPES) SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SELF-ENERGY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATE; TRANSITION; DISPERSION; SCATTERING; SPECTRUM; SURFACE AB We review recent experimental results and phenomenological models of the electron-phonon interaction in high-T-c superconductors as seen by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). We focus on the relatively higher doped systems for which the data is reminiscent of a single phonon process and highlight evidence for the relevance of several specific phonon modes to these materials. (C) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, CREST, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM tanjacuk@stanford.edu RI Nagaosa, Naoto/G-7057-2012 NR 53 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2005 VL 242 IS 1 BP 11 EP 29 DI 10.1002/pssb.200404959 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 891TF UT WOS:000226603200006 ER PT S AU Drury, OB Terracol, SF Friedrich, S AF Drury, OB Terracol, SF Friedrich, S BE Stutzmann, M TI Quantifying the benefits of ultrahigh energy resolution for gamma-ray spectrometry SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 5 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Materials for Radiation Detectors and Sensors/Symposium on Superconductors held at the 2004 E-MRS Fall Meeting CY SEP 06-10, 2004 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP NATO, European Mat Res Soc ID DETECTORS; FEEDBACK; SENSORS AB Cryogenic Gamma-ray spectrometers operating at temperatures of similar to 0.1 K provide an order of magnitude better energy resolution than conventional germanium detectors. Ultra-high energy resolution improves the accuracy of non-destructive analysis of nuclear materials, since a better separation of lines reduces statistical errors as well as systematic errors from background subtraction and efficiency correction. We are developing cryogenic Gamma-spectrometers based on bulk tin absorbers and superconducting molybdenum-copper sensors for nuclear forensics and non-proliferation applications. Here we quantify the improvements in accuracy for isotope analysis with cryogenic detectors in terms of detector performance for different cases of line separation, line intensity ratios and background levels. Precise measurements of isotope ratios are crucial in the context of nuclear attribution, since they provide signatures of composition, age, origin, intended purpose and processing history of illicit nuclear materials. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, L-270, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 5 BP 1468 EP 1479 DI 10.1002/pssc.200460828 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCA93 UT WOS:000228482000003 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, GA Wright, GW Li, L Burger, A Groza, M James, RB AF Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, GA Wright, GW Li, L Burger, A Groza, M James, RB BE Stutzmann, M TI Large area/volume CZT nuclear detectors SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 5 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Materials for Radiation Detectors and Sensors/Symposium on Superconductors held at the 2004 E-MRS Fall Meeting CY SEP 06-10, 2004 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP NATO, European Mat Res Soc ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR; CDZNTE PIXEL DETECTORS; STRIP DETECTORS; X-RAY AB Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is one of the most promising materials for large-volume gamma-ray spectrometers and imaging arrays. However, because of deficiencies in the high quality material, high-resolution CZT spectrometers are still limited to relatively small dimensions (< 2-3 cm(3)), which make them inefficient at detecting gamma rays. To extend the range of CZT detector applications, an increase in their efficiency is needed without sacrificing the ability to spectrally resolve gamma energies. Achieving this goal requires progress in the growth of large uniform single crystals, reductions in carrier trapping, increases in electrical resistivity, and improved device fabrication procedures. This paper summarizes the current developments in large area/volume CZT detectors and the common constraints on their designs: bulk and surface leakage currents, charge sharing and loss in multi-electrode devices, and charge transport non-uniformities. We also describe recent progress in characterization of CZT materials and devices using new capabilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP James, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 5 BP 1495 EP 1503 DI 10.1002/pssc.200460831 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCA93 UT WOS:000228482000006 ER PT S AU Bell, ZW Carpenter, DA Cristy, SS Lamberti, VE Burger, A Woodfield, BF Niedermayr, T Han, ID Labov, SE Friedrich, S West, WG Pohl, KR van den Berg, L AF Bell, ZW Carpenter, DA Cristy, SS Lamberti, VE Burger, A Woodfield, BF Niedermayr, T Han, ID Labov, SE Friedrich, S West, WG Pohl, KR van den Berg, L BE Stutzmann, M TI Neutron detection with cryogenics and semiconductors SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C - CONFERENCES AND CRITICAL REVIEWS, VOL 2, NO 5 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advanced Materials for Radiation Detectors and Sensors/Symposium on Superconductors held at the 2004 E-MRS Fall Meeting CY SEP 06-10, 2004 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP NATO, European Mat Res Soc ID RAY SPECTROMETERS; FLUX MEASUREMENT; CVD DIAMOND; X-RAY; SPECTROSCOPY; DOSIMETRY; RADIATION; DESIGN; BORON AB The common methods of neutron detection are reviewed with special attention paid to the application of cryogenics and semiconductors to the problem. The authors' work with LiF- and boron-based cryogenic instruments is described as well as the use of CdTe and HgI2 for direct detection of neutrons. (c) 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bellzw@ornl.gov OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 5 BP 1592 EP 1605 DI 10.1002/pssc.200460840 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BCA93 UT WOS:000228482000015 ER PT S AU Kaplar, RJ Kurtz, SR Koleske, DD AF Kaplar, RJ Kurtz, SR Koleske, DD BE Stutzmann, M TI Novel optical probes of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes: 1. Electroreflectance Stark spectroscopy, and 2. Time-resolved emission SO Physica Status Solidi C - Conferences and Critical Reviews, Vol 2, No 7 SE PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C-CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitrides Semiconductors (IWN 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID QUANTUM-WELLS; FIELDS; GAN AB New optical techniques have been implemented to compare LED properties with fundamental models. Voltage-dependent, contacted electroreflectance measurements and step-recovery measurements are reported for an InGaN/GaN single quantum well LED. Electroreflectance spectra failed to exhibit a blue-shift at small reverse bias, as predicted by Schrodinger-Poisson quantum well band solutions, suggesting that excess charge trapped in localized states enhances screening of the polarization electric field. In contrast, at large reverse bias where the QW is depleted of charge, a predicted red-shift was observed. Electrical and optical responses of the LED to forward-to-reverse bias step-recovery measurements were self-consistently fit to a diffusion equation solution, providing values of minority-carrier hole transport parameters: tau(p) approximate to 760 ns, L-p approximate to 590 nm, and mu(p) approximate to 0.2 cm(2)/Vs. The long lifetime is suggestive of slow emission processes occuring through deep levels, and the small mobility is indicative of trap-modulated transport. Our results demonstrate the highly non-ideal nature of GaN-based LEDs grown on sapphire. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaplar, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1610-1634 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 2866 EP 2870 DI 10.1002/pssc.200461356 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BCO55 UT WOS:000230421400201 ER PT J AU Weisman, JL Mattioda, A Lee, TJ Hudgins, DM Allamandola, LJ Bauschlicher, CW Head-Gordon, M AF Weisman, JL Mattioda, A Lee, TJ Hudgins, DM Allamandola, LJ Bauschlicher, CW Head-Gordon, M TI Electronic transitions in the IR: Matrix isolation spectroscopy and electronic structure theory calculations on polyacenes and dibenzopolyacenes SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CORRELATION-ENERGY; EMISSION FEATURES; APPROXIMATION; SPECTRA; PAHS; EXCITATION; MOLECULES AB We present the argon matrix isolated and theoretical spectra of the dibenzo[fg, op] tetracene, dibenzo[hi, uv] hexacene and dibenzo[jk, a1b1] octacene ions. Low-lying electronic absorptions are observed experimentally with significant intensity in the radical anion species. These electronic features in the IR region are confirmed with time dependent density functional theory calculations. We investigate the origin of these IR electronic transitions with orbital mixing considerations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Lee, Timothy/K-2838-2012 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1039/b415502e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 881GX UT WOS:000225852500013 ER PT J AU Neumark, DM AF Neumark, DM TI Probing the transition state with negative ion photodetachment: experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; CENTER-DOT-AR; RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; REACTIVE SCATTERING; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES AB Experimental and theoretical results are presented on the spectroscopy of transition states and pre-reactive van der Waals wells using negative ion photodetachment. Several benchmark reactions are discussed, including the F + H-2, OH + H-2, and F + OH reactions, as well as the isomerization of cyclo-octatetraene. Photoelectron spectra of clustered transtion state precursor anions are presented, which examine the effects of solvation on anion structure and transition state dynamics. Finally, new experiments on the photodetachment of ClH2- are discussed in which the Cl . H-2 van der Waals well is probed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 115 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 433 EP 442 DI 10.1039/b417886f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 889BR UT WOS:000226419000001 PM 19785127 ER PT J AU Taatjes, CA Klippenstein, SJ Hansen, N Miller, JA Cool, TA Wang, J Law, ME Westmoreland, PR AF Taatjes, CA Klippenstein, SJ Hansen, N Miller, JA Cool, TA Wang, J Law, ME Westmoreland, PR TI Synchrotron photoionization measurements of combustion intermediates: Photoionization efficiency and identification of C3H2 isomers SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTO-ION COINCIDENCE; FRANCK-CONDON FACTORS; AB-INITIO; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PREMIXED FLAMES; MASTER EQUATION; ALIPHATIC FUELS; TRIPLET-STATES; CHEMISTRY AB Photoionization mass spectrometry using tunable vacuum- ultraviolet synchrotron radiation is applied to the study of C3H2 sampled from a rich cyclopentene flame. The photoionization efficiency has been measured between 8.5 eV and 11.0 eV. Franck - Condon factors for photoionization are calculated from B3LYP/ 6- 311 ++ G( d, p) characterizations of the neutral and cation of the two lowest- energy C3H2 isomers, triplet propargylene ( HCCCH, prop- 2- ynylidene) and singlet cyclopropenylidene ( cyclo- HCCCH). Comparison of the calculated Franck - Condon envelopes with the experimental photoionization efficiency spectrum determines the adiabatic ionization energy of triplet propargylene to be ( 8.96 +/- 0.04) eV. Ionization energies for cyclopropenylidene, propargylene and propadienylidene ( H2CCC) calculated using QCISD( T) with triple- zeta and quadruple-zeta basis sets extrapolated to the infinite basis set limit are in excellent agreement with the present determination of the ionization energy for propargylene and with literature values for cyclopropenylidene and propadienylidene. The results suggest the presence of both propargylene and cyclopropenylidene in the cyclopentene flame and allow reanalysis of electron ionization measurements of C3H2 in other flames. Possible chemical pathways for C3H2 formation in these flames are briefly discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cataatj@sandia.gov; nhansen@sandia.gov; tac13@cornell.edu RI Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012 NR 66 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 7 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 5 BP 806 EP 813 DI 10.1039/b417160h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902WF UT WOS:000227386700014 PM 19791365 ER PT J AU Hemraj-Benny, T Banerjee, S Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Han, WQ Misewich, JA Wong, SS AF Hemraj-Benny, T Banerjee, S Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Han, WQ Misewich, JA Wong, SS TI Investigating the structure of boron nitride nanotubes by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORE-LEVEL PHOTOABSORPTION; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; DIAMOND FILMS; BN NANOTUBES; EMISSION AB Herein, we demonstrate that NEXAFS is a very effective technique at ( a) identifying the phases of boron nitride nanotubes with the potential of distinguishing between hexagonal BN and cubic BN, and (b) monitoring the presence of defects and degree of crystallinity in nanoscale samples. Specifically, a prepared sample of boron nitride nanotubes was characterized by NEXAFS. Our results show that the sample consisted of hexagonal BN tubes that were highly crystalline and sp(2)-hybridized. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1039/b415423a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902WG UT WOS:000227386800004 PM 19791320 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JM Zsigmond, Z AF Carpenter, JM Zsigmond, Z TI Time-focused crystal analyzer spectrometer SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering CY SEP 01-04, 2004 CL Arcachon, FRANCE AB We outline a linearized analysis of pulsed-source time-of-flight crystal analyzer spectrometers ( CAS) based on scattered neutron analysis by crystal monochromators and intended for use in high-resolution quasielastic scattering and Brillouin scattering measurements. Spectrometers of this kind, often called "backscattering spectrometers,'' provide for high resolution measurements of excitations with typical energies in the range 1 - 100 mueV in both steady source and pulsed source applications. The analysis is fully general, treating three-dimensionally the geometric conditions for time focusing of the orientations of the source ( moderator), sample, monochromator crystal and detector, considered as thin elements having large areas, and allows for the use of mosaic crystal monochromators. We report the results of VITESS Monte Carlo simulations, which verify the analytical focusing conditions for dispersionless excitations, reveal higher-order ( than linear) contributions to the resolution widths, and provide absolute intensity estimates. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ETHZ, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmcarpenter@anl.gov; geza.zsigmond@psi.ch NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1250 EP 1254 DI 10.1039/b415165h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 902WG UT WOS:000227386800025 PM 19791341 ER PT J AU Costen, ML Hall, GE AF Costen, ML Hall, GE TI Hyperfine quantum beats from photolytic orientation and alignment SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 85th International Discussion Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie CY SEP 15-17, 2004 CL Marburg, GERMANY SP Deutsch Bunsen Gesell Physikal Chem ID FREQUENCY-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOFRAGMENT ALIGNMENT; POLARIZED-LIGHT; NM PHOTOLYSIS; ICN; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CN; DEPOLARIZATION; STATE; DISSOCIATION AB Using Doppler-resolved transient frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy, we have measured both alignment and orientation quantum beats arising from nuclear hyperfine depolarization of low rotational levels of CN X (2)Sigma(+) photofragments produced in the ultraviolet photodissociation of ICN. Under our conditions of fully resolved fine-structure and completely unresolved hyperfine structure, the observed time evolution is insensitive to the rapid depolarization of angular momentum N that would be observed if the fine-structure components were not resolved. Non-statistical spin-rotation populations of CN photofragments, previously observed only for high rotational states, are now observed even for the lowest rotational states, indicating that the electron can not be considered a spectator spin in the depolarization. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hall, GE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gehall@bnl.gov RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013; Costen, Matthew/K-5178-2012 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783; Costen, Matthew/0000-0002-6491-9812 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1408 EP 1413 DI 10.1039/b419006h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 907HN UT WOS:000227707200012 PM 19787962 ER PT J AU Holland, GP Alam, TM AF Holland, GP Alam, TM TI Location and orientation of adsorbed molecules in zeolites from solid-state REAPDOR NMR SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE NMR; ROTATIONAL-ECHO; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; ADIABATIC-PASSAGE; SPECTROSCOPY; AMMONIA; ADSORPTION; SIEVES; ENVIRONMENTS; DISTANCES AB The use of rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine the site location of an adsorbed polar molecule in a zeolite cage is presented. Nitrogen-15 labeled ammonia is used as a probe molecule to characterize the initial adsorption site in 3A zeolite molecular sieves. The relative position of the ammonia adsorption site in the cage is determined by measuring the internuclear distance between the N on ammonia and both a Na cation site and an Al framework environment using N-15/(23) Na and N-15/(27) Al REAPDOR NMR experiments, respectively. The measured internuclear distances are similar to a specific ammonia adsorption site for the zeolite 4A ammonia sorption complex located using X-ray diffraction. Additional details regarding the ammonia hydrogen-bonding environment can be extracted from H-1/(23) Na and H-1/(27) Al REAPDOR NMR measurements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomol & Chem Anal, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holland, GP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomol & Chem Anal, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gpholla@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1739 EP 1742 DI 10.1039/b418943d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 914QB UT WOS:000228241500019 PM 19787933 ER PT J AU Bachorz, RA Rak, J Gutowski, M AF Bachorz, RA Rak, J Gutowski, M TI Stabilization of very rare tautomers of uracil by an excess electron SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE PROTON-TRANSFER; DIPOLE-BOUND ANIONS; DOUBLE-RYDBERG ANIONS; SPIN-RESONANCE; DNA BASES; AB-INITIO; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; RNA BASES; ATTACHMENT AB We characterized valence- type and dipole- bound anionic states of uracil using various electronic structure methods. We found that the most stable anion is related to neither the canonical 2,4- dioxo nor a rare imino-hydroxy tautomer. Instead, it is related to an imino- oxo tautomer, in which the N1H proton is transferred to the C5 atom. This valence anion is characterized by an electron vertical detachment energy ( VDE) of 1267 meV and it is adiabatically stable with respect to the canonical neutral by 3.93 kcal mol (-1). It is also more stable by 2.32 and 5.10 kcal mol (-1) than the dipole- bound and valence anion, respectively, of the canonical tautomer. The VDE values for the former and the latter are 73 and 506 meV, respectively. Another, anionic, low- lying imino- oxo tautomer with a VDE of 2499 meV has a proton transferred from N3H to C5. It is less stable than the neutral canonical tautomer by 1.38 kcal mol (-1). The mechanism of formation of anionic tautomers with the carbon C5 protonated may involve intermolecular proton transfer or dissociative electron attachment to the canonical neutral tautomer followed by a barrier- free attachment of a hydrogen atom to C5. The six- member ring structure of anionic tautomers with carbon atoms protonated might be unstable upon an excess electron detachment. Indeed, the neutral systems resulting from electron detachment from anionic tautomers with carbon atoms protonated evolve along barrier- free decomposition pathways to a linear or a bicyclo structure, which might be viewed as lesions to RNA. Within the PCM hydration model, the low- lying valence anions become adiabatically bound with respect to the canonical neutral and the two most stable tautomers have carbon atoms protonated. C1 Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Dept Chem, Quantum Chem Grp, Poznan, Poland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. NR 82 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 10 BP 2116 EP 2125 DI 10.1039/b503745j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 924OI UT WOS:000228987700002 PM 19791402 ER PT J AU Socaciu-Siebert, LD Hagen, J Le Roux, J Popolan, D Vaida, M Vajda, S Bernhardt, TM Woste, L AF Socaciu-Siebert, LD Hagen, J Le Roux, J Popolan, D Vaida, M Vajda, S Bernhardt, TM Woste, L TI Ultrafast nuclear dynamics induced by photodetachment of Ag-2(-) and Ag2O2-: oxygen desorption from a molecular silver surface SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE LASER SPECTROSCOPY; METAL-CLUSTERS; FEMTOSECOND; ANIONS; TIME; RELAXATION; IONIZATION; AMMONIA; CHEMISORPTION; DEPENDENCE AB Femtosecond nuclear dynamics of mass-selected neutral Ag-2 and Ag2O2 clusters are investigated with the 'negative ion - to neutral - to positive ion' (NeNePo) technique. For the bare silver dimer, wave packet dynamics occurring in the neutral electronic ground state and in the first excited triplet state are observed after photodetachment from the anion with 3.05 eV photon energy. While the dynamics in the ground state lead to an oscillatory structure in the NeNePo- pump - probe spectra with a vibrational constant of 185 cm(-1), the dynamics in the triplet state are assigned to a bound - free transition leading to dissociation. Photodetachment from the Ag2O2- complex results in the desorption of O-2. The experimental data clearly show the influence of the desorbing oxygen ligand on the nuclear dynamics of the silver dimer inducing a red shift in the vibrational frequency and an intensity enhancement of the oscillatory signal. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bernhardt, TM (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM tbernhar@physik.fu-berlin.de NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 14 BP 2706 EP 2709 DI 10.1039/b506034f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 942ML UT WOS:000230286400004 PM 16189583 ER PT J AU May, AJ Valeev, E Polly, R Manby, FR AF May, AJ Valeev, E Polly, R Manby, FR TI Analysis of the errors in explicitly correlated electronic structure theory SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; CORRELATION CUSP; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRANSCORRELATED METHOD; 3-ELECTRON INTEGRALS; CORRELATION ENERGIES; GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS; TERMS AB The explicitly correlated second order Moller - Plesset (MP2- R12) methods perform well in reproducing the last detail of the correlation cusp, allowing higher accuracy than can be accessed through conventional means. Nevertheless in basis sets that are practical for calculations on larger systems (i.e., around triple- or perhaps quadruple- zeta) MP2- R12 fails to bridge the divide between conventional MP2 and the MP2 basis set limit. In this contribution we analyse the sources of error in MP2- R12 calculations in such basis sets. We conclude that the main source of error is the choice of the correlation factor r(12). Sources of error that must be avoided for accurate quantum chemistry include the neglect of exchange commutators and the extended Brillouin condition. The generalized Brillouin condition is found not to lead to significant errors. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Manby, FR (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. EM fred.manby@bris.ac.uk RI Manby, Frederick/E-8671-2011; Valeyev, Eduard/A-5313-2009 OI Valeyev, Eduard/0000-0001-9923-6256 NR 43 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2005 VL 7 IS 14 BP 2710 EP 2713 DI 10.1039/b507781h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 942ML UT WOS:000230286400005 PM 16189584 ER EF