FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Schwenterly, SW Cole, MJ Demko, JA Pleva, EF Hazelton, DW AF Schwenterly, SW Cole, MJ Demko, JA Pleva, EF Hazelton, DW BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Design and operating performance of cryocooled helium thermosiphon loops for HTS transformers SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSFORMER; POWER TRANSFORMER AB Since the large coils in a cryocooled HTS utility transformer can be located more than a meter away from the cryocooler cold heads, conductive cooling would require very large, heavy thermal links to keep temperature differentials small. Under a U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE) Superconductivity Partnership with Industry (SPI) agreement with Waukesha Electric Systems (WES), SuperPower Inc. (SP), Energy East (EE), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), we have developed a closed-loop helium system that couples the coils to the cold heads using natural convection cooling. The loop operates on a single-phase thermosiphon principle at temperatures and pressures from 20 to 45 K and 10 to 20 bars, and needs no external compressor to maintain helium gas circulation. Design procedures for the heat exchangers on both the cold heads and coils and for the interconnecting piping will be summarized. A 30-W cooling loop was successfully operated on a 1-MVA prototype transformer. A 350-W system for a 5/10-MVA prototype transformer has been built and tested with a dummy load over a wide range of heat loads corresponding to the range from normal transformer operation to two times (2x) overload. Later, this system successfully cooled down the 4.5-ton cold mass of the transformer to temperatures below 30 K. Design details of the hardware and performance of the assembled systems will be summarized. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schwenterly, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 839 EP 848 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900103 ER PT S AU Lue, JW Demko, JA Fisher, PW Duckworth, RC Gouge, MJ Tolbert, JC Roden, ML Lindsay, DT AF Lue, JW Demko, JA Fisher, PW Duckworth, RC Gouge, MJ Tolbert, JC Roden, ML Lindsay, DT BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Tests of 5-M long triaxial HTS cables SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID POWER CABLE AB Following the positive results of a 1.5-m long prototype cable, the Ultera and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) team built and tested a 5-m triaxial cable rated at 1.3-kA rms, 15-kV ac. The three concentric superconducting phases are made of BSCCO-2223 high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, separated by layers of cold-dielectric tapes. A copper braid is added as the grounding shield on the outside of the three active phases. To facilitate the calorimetric ac loss measurement, the cable was cooled by liquid nitrogen flowing in the annulus between the cable and the cryostat only. Tests of this cable were performed at temperatures ranging from 76 to 84 K. AC loss data reconfirmed the previous gratifying result on the 1.5-m prototype cable that the total three-phase loss is approximately the sum of the calculated ac losses of the three separate phases. No additional loss is due to possible coupling among the three phases. This and other test results of the 5-m, 1.3 kA triaxial cable are reported here. The next step in the project is to build and install a triaxial cable rated at 3-kA rms, 13-kV ac at a utility site. A single-phase 3-kA cable prototype was also built and tested for use as the most demanding inner phase of the triaxial cable. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lue, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 877 EP 884 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900107 ER PT S AU Gouge, MJ Lue, JW Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Fisher, PW Daumling, M Lindsay, DT Roden, ML Tolbert, JC AF Gouge, MJ Lue, JW Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Fisher, PW Daumling, M Lindsay, DT Roden, ML Tolbert, JC BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Testing of a 1.25-M HTS cable made from YBCO tapes SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID LOSSES AB Ultera and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have jointly designed, built, and tested a 1.25-m-long, prototype high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable made from 1-cm-wide, second-generation YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO)-coated conductor tapes. Electrical tests of this cable were performed in boiling liquid nitrogen at 77 K. DC testing of the 1.25-m cable included determination of the V-I curve, with a critical current of 4200 A. This was consistent with the properties of the 24 individual YBCO tapes. AC testing of the cable was conducted at currents up to 2500 An,. The ac losses were measured calorimetrically by measuring the response of a calibrated temperature sensor placed on the former and electrically by use of a Rogowski coil with a lock-in amplifier. AC losses of about 2 W/m were measured at a cable ac current of 2000 A(rms). Overcurrent testing was conducted at peak current values up to 12 kA for pulse lengths of 0.1-0.2 s. The cable temperature increased to 105 K for a 12 kA, 0.2 s overcurrent pulse, and the cable showed no degradation after the sequence of overcurrent testing. This commercial-grade HTS cable demonstrated the feasibility of second-generation YBCO tapes in an ac cable application. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 885 EP 891 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900108 ER PT S AU Fisher, PW Cole, MJ Demko, JA Gouge, MJ Lindsay, DT Lue, JW Qualls, AL Roden, ML Tolbert, JC AF Fisher, PW Cole, MJ Demko, JA Gouge, MJ Lindsay, DT Lue, JW Qualls, AL Roden, ML Tolbert, JC BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Tri-axial cable terminations for 1.3-and 3-kA HTS cables SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID POWER CABLE AB The Southwire/ORNL team has conceived, designed, built, and tested a 5-m, three-phase, tri-axial cable with terminations. The cable has three concentric superconducting phases made of BSCCO-2223 HTS tapes, separated by layers of cold-dielectric tape with a copper braid as the grounding shield. The cable is enclosed in a flexible cryostat. Cooling of the cable and terminations is achieved by liquid nitrogen flowing through the annulus between the cable and the cryostat. A challenging analysis and design issue was development and implementation of an insulator material between the concentric phases with high enough thermal conductivity to meet temperature gradient requirements and acceptable mechanical and electrical performance. The resulting 3-phase, cold dielectric, cable and termination design is nearly as compact as the single-phase, co-axial design developed previously by Southwire/ORNL, and it represents the highest cable current density achievable in an electric ac power cable. This paper presents results from operation of the 1.3-kA root-mean-square (rms) phase current termination and design changes required to scale to 3-kA rms phase current. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fisher, PW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 892 EP 898 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900109 ER PT S AU Demko, JA Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Fisher, PW Lindsay, D Roden, M AF Demko, JA Lue, JW Gouge, MJ Fisher, PW Lindsay, D Roden, M BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI Analysis of a liquid nitrogen-cooled tri-axial high-temperature superconducting cable system SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS AB This tri-axial high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable design uses three concentric superconducting layers for the phase conductors, separated by a cold dielectric material. The design offers an efficient HTS cable configuration by reducing the amount of superconductor needed and places all three phases in a single cryostat. The tri-axial cable cooling circuit analyzed includes heat loads at the ends for the cable terminations and cable heat loads due to ac, dielectric, and thermal losses. The HTS cable critical current and ac loss are functions of the local temperature that must be determined by the analysis. The radial heat transfer also has an influence on these parameters due to the relatively low thermal conductivity of the dielectric material separating the HTS phases. The study investigates whether the tri-axial cable must be cooled both inside the former and outside of the cable. In this study, the range of operating parameters for a tri-axial HTS cable system and refrigeration requirements are determined based on expected HTS tape performance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 913 EP 920 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900112 ER PT S AU Green, MA Ishimoto, S Lau, W Yang, S AF Green, MA Ishimoto, S Lau, W Yang, S BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI A heat exchanger between forced flow helium gas at 14 to 18 K and liquid hydrogen at 20 K circulated by natural convection SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE AB The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) has three 350-mm long liquid hydrogen absorbers to reduce the momentum of 200 MeV muons in all directions. The muons are then re-accelerated in the longitudinal direction by 200 MHz RF cavities. The result is cooled muons with a reduced emittance. The energy from the muons is taken up by the liquid hydrogen in the absorber. The hydrogen in the MICE absorbers is cooled by natural convection to the walls of the absorber that are in turn cooled by helium gas that enters at 14 K. This report describes the MICE liquid hydrogen absorber and the heat exchanger between the liquid hydrogen and the helium gas that flows through passages in the absorber wall. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1115 EP 1122 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900137 ER PT S AU Taylor, CE Abbott, SR Leitner, D Leitner, M Lyneis, CM AF Taylor, CE Abbott, SR Leitner, D Leitner, M Lyneis, CM BE Waynert, J Barclay, J Breon, S Daly, E Demko, J Dipirro, M Hull, J Kelley, P Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Maddocks, J Pfotenhauer, J Rey, C Shu, QS VanSciver, S Weisend, J Zbasnik, J Zeller, A TI An efficient cooling loop for connecting cryocooler to a helium reservoir SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS. 49A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK SP Argonne Natl Lab, Cryofab Inc, Cryomagnet Inc, Cryomech Inc, Fermi Natl Accelerat Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Inst Inc, US DOE ID ECR ION-SOURCE AB The magnet system of the VENUS ECR Ion Source at LBNL has two 1.5-watt cryocoolers suspended in the cryostat vacuum. Helium vapor from the liquid reservoir is admitted to a finned condenser bolted to the cryocooler 2nd stage and returns as liquid via gravity. Small-diameter flexible tubes allow the cryocoolers to be located remotely from the reservoir. With 3.1 watts load, the helium reservoir is maintained at 4.35 K, 0.05K above the cryocooler temperature. Design, analysis, and performance are presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Taylor, CE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0186-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 710 BP 1818 EP 1825 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAP66 UT WOS:000223157900224 ER PT S AU Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, AO Hale, L Pecharsky, VK AF Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, AO Hale, L Pecharsky, VK BE Balachandran, U TI Low temperature properties of some Er-rich intermetallic compounds SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK AB The low temperature volumetric heat capacity (similar to3.5 to 350 K) and magnetic susceptibility (similar to4 to 320 K) of Er3Rh, Er3Ir, Er3Pt, Er2Al, and Er2Sn have been measured. All of the compounds order antiferromagnetically (or ferrimagnetically), and most exhibit more than one magnetic ordering transition. The volumetric heat capacities in general are smaller than those of the prototype magnetic regenerator materials, except for Er3Ir in the 12 to 14 K temperature range. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900005 ER PT S AU Soika, R Cooley, LD Ghosh, AK Werner, A AF Soika, R Cooley, LD Ghosh, AK Werner, A BE Balachandran, U TI Fixture for short sample testing of modern high energy physics Nb3Sn strands SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK ID CONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT; PROGRESS; PLANS AB Nb3Sn strands being developed for future HEP applications have about four times the critical current at 4.2 K, 12 T, and significantly larger effective filament diameters than ITER-class strands, upon which the present short-sample testing protocol is based. Because of shortcomings in stability when testing these HEP strands with the ITER barrel, we have designed and built a new, low-cost Nb3Sn short sample test fixture that provides excellent stability and allows for higher throughput at lower cost than the ITER design. The new design uses stainless steel as the central region of the barrel, but it can also incorporate Ti-6A-14V to produce different strain states on the strand upon cooldown. Soldering the modem Nb3Sn strand to the stainless steel barrel provided the best stability in experiments, where current-voltage transitions were recorded up to 150 muV and up to 1000 A. Current-voltage data were also obtained at fields as low as 8.5 T for state-of-the-art HEP strands. A continuous round groove was a key design feature because it ensures a smooth transition between the region where current transfers into the strand and where it is measured. This groove also makes it possible to transfer samples onto the barrel after the heat treatment without damage. We discuss the implications of our barrel design and testing experiences for present testing difficulties and protocols. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Soika, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900009 ER PT S AU Scanlan, RM Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA AF Scanlan, RM Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA BE Balachandran, U TI A new generation Nb3Sn wire, and the prospects for its use in particle accelerators SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK ID SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY; CONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT; PROGRESS AB The US DOE has initiated a Conductor Development Program aimed at demonstrating a high current density, cost effective Nb3Sn conductor for use in accelerator magnets. The first goal, an increase in current density by 50 %, has been achieved in a practical conductor. The program is focused at present on achieving the second goal of reduced losses. The different approaches for achieving these goals will be discussed, and the status will be presented. Magnet technology R&D has been proceeding in parallel with the conductor development efforts, and these two technologies are reaching the level required for the next step--introduction into operating accelerator magnets. An obvious point for introducing this technology is the LHC interaction region magnets, which require large apertures and high fields (or high field gradients). By upgrading the interaction region magnets, machine performance can be enhanced significantly without replacing the arc magnets, which represent most of the cost of an accelerator. Design requirements generated by recent studies and workshops will be reviewed, and a roadmap for the development of the next-generation interaction region magnets will be presented.. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scanlan, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900044 ER PT S AU Chichili, DR Andreev, N Kashikhin, VS Zlobin, AV Codell, D Fabian, P Tupper, M AF Chichili, DR Andreev, N Kashikhin, VS Zlobin, AV Codell, D Fabian, P Tupper, M BE Balachandran, U TI Fabrication of Nb3Sn shell-type coils with pre-preg ceramic insulation SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK AB Insulation is one of the critical components for high-field Nb3Sn magnets that follow wind-and-react approach. The insulation material has to withstand high bending stresses while winding the coil and high heat-treatment temperatures under pressure during coil reaction. At Fermilab we have developed a procedure and tested successfully the dry ceramic insulation tape with inorganic liquid binder to wind and cure the coils. Recently we have extended this to a pre-preg ceramic insulation tape, which would minimize and control the amount of binder in the coil. Several coils with various insulation patterns have been fabricated and tested at Fermilab. This paper discusses the fabrication issues of the coils with different types of cable insulation including the pre-preg ceramic insulation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chichili, DR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900057 ER PT S AU Balachandran, UB Ma, B Li, M Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Miller, DJ AF Balachandran, UB Ma, B Li, M Fisher, BL Koritala, RE Miller, DJ BE Balachandran, U TI Development of coated conductors by inclined substrate deposition SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; YBCO FILMS; MGO; TAPES AB Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) has the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured template layers suitable for YBCO-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured magnesium oxide (MgO) films on Hastelloy substrates by ISD at rapid deposition rates, 20-100 Angstrom/sec. Scanning electron microscopy of the ISD MgO films showed columnar grain structures with a roof-tile-shaped surface. A small full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximate to10degrees was observed in the phi-scan for MgO films. YBCO films were grown on ISD MgO buffered substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The critical current density was >1.2x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K in self-field. A meter-long ISD MgO film on a metallic substrate was fabricated by the reel-to-reel method with an average phi-scan FWHM of 16.1degrees and a standard deviation of 2.6degrees. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balachandran, UB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 637 EP 644 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900080 ER PT S AU Paranthaman, MP Sathyamurthy, S Aytug, T Leonard, KJ Goyal, A Zhai, HY Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Li, X Verebelyi, DT Schoop, U Thieme, C Kodenkandath, T Zhang, W Rupich, MW Ericson, RE AF Paranthaman, MP Sathyamurthy, S Aytug, T Leonard, KJ Goyal, A Zhai, HY Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Li, X Verebelyi, DT Schoop, U Thieme, C Kodenkandath, T Zhang, W Rupich, MW Ericson, RE BE Balachandran, U TI Buffer layer R&D for YBCO coated conductor composite wires SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK ID LANTHANUM ZIRCONATE; SOLUTION DEPOSITION; FABRICATION AB Buffer layers play a key role in the YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductor composite wire technology. The important buffer layer characteristics are: these buffers should prevent metal diffusion into the superconductor from the substrate; possibly act as oxygen diffusion barriers; should be smooth, continuous, crack-free, highly aligned and dense. In order to develop low-cost alternative buffer layer architectures to the standard architecture of YBCO/CeO2/YSZI/Y2O3/Ni/Ni-W, LaMnO3 (LMO) and La2Zr2O7 (LZO) buffers were chosen for this study. These buffers were grown epitaxially on biaxially textured and strengthened Ni-W3% metal tapes by scalable vapor and/or solution techniques. LaMnO3 buffers were grown epitaxially on Ni-W substrates by rf sputtering, and La2Zr2O7 buffers were grown by a Metal-Organic Deposition (MOD). Detailed microstructural characterizations indicate that both of these buffers were excellent Ni diffusion barrier layers and high current YBCO films were grown on both LMO and LZO buffer templates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 645 EP 652 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900081 ER PT S AU Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Chichili, D Elementi, L Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Chichili, D Elementi, L Zlobin, AV BE Balachandran, U TI Measurement of inter-strand contact resistance in epoxy impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cables SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK AB An apparatus for the measurement, under transverse pressure, of the inter-strand contact resistance in epoxy-impregnated Nb3Sn Rutherford cables has been recently assembled at Fermilab. Procedures have been developed to instrument and measure samples extracted from Nb3Sn coils. Samples were extracted from coils fabricated with the Wind-and-React and the React-and-Wind technology, both presently under development at Fermilab. A ceramic binder is used to improve the insulation and to simplify the fabrication of coils using the Wind-and-React technology. Synthetic oil is used to prevent sintering during the heat treatment of coils to be wound after reaction. In order to evaluate the effects of the ceramic binder and of the synthetic oil on the inter-strand resistance, measurements of samples extracted from coils were compared with measurements of cable stacks with varying characteristics. In this paper we describe the apparatus, the sample preparation, the measurement procedure, and the results of the first series of tests. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 828 EP 835 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900104 ER PT S AU Sauers, I James, DR Pace, MO Ellis, AR Muller, AC AF Sauers, I James, DR Pace, MO Ellis, AR Muller, AC BE Balachandran, U TI High voltage breakdown, partial discharge and aging in lapped tape insulated cold dielectric model cables SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 50A AND B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (CEC-ICMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Anchorage, AK ID LIQUID; INCEPTION; SYSTEM AB High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables generally follow either of two generic designs, cold dielectric and warm dielectric. In the cold dielectric design, lapped tape insulation and liquid nitrogen are used in combination to provide the electrical insulation between the conductor and the ground shield of an HTS cable. Lapped tape insulated model cables have been tested at high voltage, including AC breakdown, negative impulse breakdown, partial discharge, and long term aging under AC stress. Tapes tested include Cryoflex(TM) (a proprietary tape developed by Southwire) and PPLP(R) (a commercial semi synthetic tape). Two high voltage cryostats have been built for short and long term aging studies that permit testing of model cables under the combined conditions of high electric stress, cryogenic temperature and elevated pressures up to 15 bar. For the aging studies, a log-log plot of electric stress versus time-to-breakdown has yielded an estimate of cable lifetime. Since aging at cryogenic temperatures is not expected to have a thermal cause, dielectric wear in HTS cables reduces to partial discharge as the primary aging mechanism. Phase and amplitude resolved partial discharge data of model cables in liquid nitrogen will be presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sauers, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0187-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 711 BP 889 EP 895 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BAS22 UT WOS:000223346900111 ER PT S AU Was, GS Alexandreanu, B Busby, J AF Was, GS Alexandreanu, B Busby, J BE Kishimoto, K Kikuchi, M Shoji, T Saka, M TI Localized deformation induced IGSCC and IASCC of austenitic alloys in high temperature water SO ADVANCES IN FRACTURE AND FAILURE PREVENTION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids/2nd International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Fracture and Failure Prevention CY OCT 20-22, 2003 CL Tohoku Univ, Sendai, JAPAN SP Far E & Ocean Fracture Soc, Thohku Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Fracture & Failure Prevent, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol HO Tohoku Univ DE grain boundary; deformation; IGSCC; austenitic alloys; strain; stacking fault energy ID STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; STAINLESS-STEELS; CREEP; ACCOMMODATION; TRANSMISSION; POLYCRYSTALS; DISLOCATIONS; INTERFACES; MECHANISMS AB Grain boundary properties are known to affect the intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking behavior of austenitic alloys in high temperature water. However, it is only recently that sufficient evidence has accumulated to show that the disposition of deformation in and near the grain boundary plays a key role in intergranular cracking. Grain boundaries that can transmit strain to adjacent grains can relieve stresses without undergoing localized deformation. Grain boundaries that cannot transmit strain will either experience high stresses or high strains. High stresses can lead to wedge-type cracking and sliding can lead to rupture of the protective oxide film. These processes are also applicable to irradiated materials in which the deformation can become highly localized in the form of dislocation channels and deformation twins. These deformation bands conduct tremendous amounts of strain to the grain boundaries. The capability of a boundary to transmit strain to a neighboring grain will determine its propensity for cracking, analogous to that in unirradiated metals. Thus, IGSCC in unirradiated materials and IASCC in irradiated materials are governed by the same local processes of stress and strain accommodation at the boundary. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Cooley Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-938-5 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2004 VL 261-263 BP 885 EP 901 PN 1&2 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BAC70 UT WOS:000221573900142 ER PT S AU Allendorf, MD Nilson, RH Spear, KE Bugeat, B Ghani, MU Marin, O Walsh, PM Gupta, A Wolfe, HE Pecoraro, GA AF Allendorf, MD Nilson, RH Spear, KE Bugeat, B Ghani, MU Marin, O Walsh, PM Gupta, A Wolfe, HE Pecoraro, GA BE Varner, JR Seward, TP TI Analytical models for high-temperature corrosion of silica refractories in glass-melting furnaces SO ADVANCES IN FUSION AND PROCESSING OF GLASS III SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials III held at MRS Fall Meeting CY FEB 17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AF Res Lab ID THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; DIFFUSION; SOLUBILITY; WATER AB Corrosion of refractory silica crown brick in glass-melting. furnaces is a serious problem in oxy-fuel furnaces. To better understand and to quantify this process we utilize analytical models to evaluate the importance of three potential rate-limiting processes: 1) gas-phase transport of NaOH to the crown surface; 2) diffusion of sodium-containing reactants through a liquid product layer that forms on the brick face; and 3) gas-phase diffusion of NaOH into refractory pores. Predictions are compared with reported corrosion rates and product compositions previously determined by post-mortem analysis of refractory samples. We conclude that corrosion occurs largely by reaction and removal of material from the exposed brick face, rather than by transport of reactants into the porous bricks. The rate is limited by process (1). The observed presence of corrosion products deep within the brick pores is consistent with capillary suction of liquid products from the hot face into the interior. Although computed corrosion rates based on mass transport through a gas boundary layer are somewhat greater than those observed, the results are very sensitive to the gas-phase concentration of NaOH and to the refractory temperature, both of which contain significant uncertainties. We also present a new thermodynamic analysis of the Sio(2)-CaO-NaO that provides an explanation for the increased corrosion rates observed in lime-containing silica relative to low- or no-lime silica. Finally, we combine our analytical model with results of the Athena CFD furnace code to predict corrosion rates in an oxygen-fuel furnace. The results are encouraging, but suggest that accurate knowledge of both NaOH(gas) concentrations and refractory temperatures is needed to validate these models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-156-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 141 BP 163 EP 178 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BAD65 UT WOS:000221675300015 ER PT S AU Chang, SL Golchert, B Zhou, CQ AF Chang, SL Golchert, B Zhou, CQ BE Varner, JR Seward, TP TI Computer modeling of glass furnace flow and heat transfer SO ADVANCES IN FUSION AND PROCESSING OF GLASS III SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials III held at MRS Fall Meeting CY FEB 17, 2003 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AF Res Lab AB Glass furnaces use combustion heat to melt sand and cullet into liquid glass. Of primary importance to the furnace performance are the quality of the glass, product, the utilization of energy, and the emission of pollutants. A computational glass furnace model (GFM) was developed for the glass industry to evaluate the glass furnace performance. GFM simulates the major flow and heat transfer characteristics in both the combustion space and glass melter of the furnace. GFM consists of two computational fluid dynamics codes: one is used to simulate the combustion space flow with spectral radiation heat transfer, and the other to calculate the batch/glass/bubble flow. Recently incorporated features of the model are direct integral solution of spectral radiation transport equations and multiphase flow treatment of the glass flow with the melting of solids and formation of bubbles. The GFM has been validated with experimental data from commercial glass furnaces. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chang, SL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-156-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 141 BP 399 EP 411 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BAD65 UT WOS:000221675300040 ER PT J AU Rose, H AF Rose, H TI Five-dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi approach to relativistic quantum mechanics SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 132 SE ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS LA English DT Review C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rose, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS PY 2004 VL 132 BP 247 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S1076-5670(04)32005-7 PG 39 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BAX60 UT WOS:000224115500005 ER PT S AU Bakac, A AF Bakac, A BE VanEldik, R TI Dioxygen activation by transition metal complexes. Atom transfer and free radical chemistry in aqueous media SO ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: INCLUDING BIOINORGANIC STUDIES, VOL 55 SE Advances in Inorganic Chemistry LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; MACROCYCLIC SUPEROXORHODIUM(III) COMPLEX; OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS; TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; DILUTE PERCHLORIC ACID; O-O BOND; HYDROGEN-ATOM; NITRIC-OXIDE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; NITROGEN MONOXIDE C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 230 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0898-8838 BN 0-12-023655-9 J9 ADV INORG CHEM JI Adv. Inorg. Chem. PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0898-8838(03)55001-2 PG 59 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BAV37 UT WOS:000223763900001 ER PT S AU Kubas, GJ AF Kubas, GJ BE VanEldik, R TI Heterolytic splitting of H-H, Si-H, and other sigma bonds on electrophilic metal centers SO ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - INCLUDING BIOINORGANIC STUDIES, VOL 56 SE Advances in Inorganic Chemistry LA English DT Review ID RUTHENIUM DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; X-RAY STRUCTURE; CATALYTIC SILANE ALCOHOLYSIS; HYDRIDE DONOR ABILITIES; DOT CENTER DOT; C-H; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SULFUR LIGANDS; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kubas, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS-J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 175 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0898-8838 BN 0-12-023656-7 J9 ADV INORG CHEM PY 2004 VL 56 BP 127 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0898-8838(04)56005-1 PG 51 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BBF51 UT WOS:000225236500005 ER PT S AU Ding, C He, XF AF Ding, C He, XF BE Dai, H Srikant, R Zhang, C TI Cluster structure of K-means clustering via principal component analysis SO ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY AND DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific/Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining CY MAY 26-28, 2004 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP NICIA, SAS, Univ Technol Sydney, Deakin Univ AB K-means Clustering is a popular data clustering algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used statistical technique for dimension reduction. Here we prove that principal components are the continuous solutions to the discrete cluster membership indicators for K-means clustering, with a clear simplex cluster strcuture. Our results prove that PCA-based dimension reductions are particularlly effective for for K-means clustering. New lower bounds for K-means objective function are derived, which is the total variance minus the eigenvalues of the data covariance matrix. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22064-X J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2004 VL 3056 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BAF29 UT WOS:000221955100048 ER PT S AU Tong, GQ Chan, KC Nieh, TG AF Tong, GQ Chan, KC Nieh, TG BE Ai, X Li, J Huang, C TI Superplastic bulging of an Al-Wg-03Sc alloy and its forming limits SO ADVANCES IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Manufacturing Conference in China CY SEP 18-20, 2004 CL Jinan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Shandong Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Shandong Binzhou Bohai Piston Co Ltd, Shandong Mech Construct Co, Shandong Univ, Logist Res Ctr ID MG-SC ALLOYS; AL6061/20SIC(W) COMPOSITE; STRAINS; DAMAGE AB High strain rate superplastic (HSRS) bulging and cavitation behavior of a cold rolled Al-6Mg-0.3Sc sheet were investigated at the temperature of 798K and at the constant applied flow stress of 6.0MPa. The maximum effective strain of about 2.1 was obtained. The experimental results revealed that the cavity growth was essentially plastic - controlled. HSRS bulging limits of the sheet were further predicted based on the Marchiniak-Kuczynski model and a plastic damage approach. It is able to predict HSRS forming limits of the sheet in a reasonable agreement with the experimental findings even without assuming any initial geometrical defect. C1 Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, CMEE, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Polytech Univ, ISE, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tong, GQ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, CMEE, Nanjing 210016, Peoples R China. EM meegqtong@nuaa.edu.cn; mfkcchan@inet.polyu.edu.hk; nieh1@llnl.gov RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Chan, K.C./A-2311-2014 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Chan, K.C./0000-0002-6173-5532 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-956-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2004 VL 471-472 BP 385 EP 389 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBF53 UT WOS:000225237800079 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Weinzapfel, CL AF Stolz, CJ Weinzapfel, CL BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI Fabrication of meter-scale laser-resistant mirrors for the National Ignition Facility, a fusion laser SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications CY AUG 07-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mirrors; hafnia/silica multilayers; laser damage ID MULTILAYER COATINGS; DAMAGE; MICROSCOPY AB Large-aperture laser-resistant mirrors are required for the construction of the National Ignition Facility, a 1.8 MJ laser. In order to fabricate the 1408 mirrors, a development program was started in 1994 to improve coating quality, manufacturing rate, and lower unit cost. New technologies and metrology tools were scaled to meter size for facilitization in 1999 at Spectra-Physics and the Laboratory of Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester. Pilot production. to fabricate 5-10% of each component, commenced in 2001 and full production rates were achieved in 2002. Coating production will be completed in 2008 with the coating of 460 M of high-damage-threshold precision coatings on 100 tons of BK7 glass with yields exceeding 90%. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5066-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5193 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1117/12.511677 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY56A UT WOS:000189408500006 ER PT S AU Qian, S Takacs, P AF Qian, S Takacs, P BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI Equal optical path beam splitters by use of amplitude-splitting and wavefront-splitting methods for pencil beam interferometer SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications CY AUG 07-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE beam splitter; pencil beam interferometer; equal optical path; long trace profiler; phase shift; frequency drift ID LONG-TRACE-PROFILER; HEAT-LOAD MIRROR; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SURFACES AB A beam splitter to create two separated parallel beams is a critical unit of a pencil beam interferometer, for example the long trace profiler (LTP). The operating principle of the beam splitter can be based upon either amplitude-splitting (AS) or wavefront-splitting (WS). For precision measurements with the LTP, an equal optical path system with two parallel beams is desired. Frequency drift of the light source in a non-equal optical path system will cause the interference fringes to drift. An equal optical path prism beam splitter with an amplitude-splitting (AS-EBS) beam splitter and a phase shift beam splitter with a wavefront-splitting (WS-PSBS) are introduced. These beam splitters are well suited to the stability requirement for a pencil beam interferometer due to the characteristics of monolithic structure and equal optical path. Several techniques to produce WS-PSBS by hand are presented. In addition, the WS-PSBS using double thin plates, made from microscope cover plates, has great advantages of economy, convenience, availability, and ease of adjustment over other beam splitting methods. Comparison of stability measurements made with the AS-EBS, WS-PSBS, and other beam splitters is presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div 535B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div 535B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5066-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5193 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.508024 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY56A UT WOS:000189408500009 ER PT S AU Soufli, R Spiller, E Schmidt, MA Robinson, JC Baker, SL Ratti, S Johnson, MA Gullikson, EM AF Soufli, R Spiller, E Schmidt, MA Robinson, JC Baker, SL Ratti, S Johnson, MA Gullikson, EM BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI Smoothing of diamond-turned substrates for extreme ultraviolet lithography illuminators SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications CY AUG 07-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE smoothing; diamond-tumed optics; Mo/Si multilayers; polyimide; extreme ultraviolet lithography ID ENGINEERING TEST STAND; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; OPTICS; TOOL AB Condenser optics in extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) systems are subjected to frequent replacement as they are positioned close to the illumination source, where increased heating and contamination occur. In the case of aspherical condenser elements made by optical figuring/finishing, their replacement can be very expensive (several hundred thousand dollars). One approach to this problem would be to manufacture inexpensive illuminator optics that meet all required specifications and could be replaced at no substantial cost. Diamond-turned metal substrates are a factor of 100 less expensive than conventional aspherical substrates but have insufficient finish, leading to unacceptably low EUV reflectance after multilayer coating. In this work it is shown that, by applying a smoothing film prior to multilayer coating, the high spatial frequency roughness of a diamond-turned metal substrate is reduced from 1.76 to 0.27 run rms while the figure slope error is maintained at acceptable levels. Metrology tests performed at various stages of the fabrication of the element demonstrated that it satisfied all critical figure and finish specifications as illuminator. Initial experimental results on the stability and performance of the optic under a real EUVL plasma source environment show no accelerated degradation when compared to conventional substrates. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM regina.soufli@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5066-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5193 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.509220 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY56A UT WOS:000189408500011 ER PT S AU Khounsary, A Eng, PJ Assoufid, L Macrander, A Qian, J AF Khounsary, A Eng, PJ Assoufid, L Macrander, A Qian, J BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI On recoating mirrors having a chromium underlayer SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications CY AUG 07-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mirrors; coating; etching; recoating; etchants; x-ray; polishing AB X-ray mirrors and multilayers are used to reflect, focus, or monochromatize x-ray beams. Substrate materials are typically silicon, fused silica, Zerodur, ULE, or metals such as molybdenum, copper, or stainless steel. Substrates are polished to a few angstroms rms roughness and often coated with one or more layers to provide the desired spectral reflectivity. Coatings can be damaged as a result of mishandling, contamination and/or chemical reaction, prolonged exposure to x-rays, exposure to poor vacuum, aging, or peeling due to poor coating adhesion and/or high stress. Incomplete or out-of-spec coatings may render an optic unacceptable. In all these cases, it is highly desirable to be able to completely strip off a coating and recoat the substrate without the need for repolishing it. This is particularly important for optical substrates that are expensive or have a long fabrication lead-time. This paper describes one such scheme. It involves pre-coating of mirror reflecting surfaces with a thin layer of chromium. Subsequent coatings can be stripped by etching away the chromium underlayer without damaging the substrate. Experimental results show that surface roughness is unaffected by the etching process in silicon and zerodur, the two substrate material tested so far. The process is expected to be equally applicable to other glasses and can be extended to other substrate materials using appropriate underlayer / etchant combinations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM AMK@APS.ANL.G0V NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5066-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5193 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1117/12.512779 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY56A UT WOS:000189408500020 ER PT S AU Li, Y Khounsary, A Maser, J Nair, S AF Li, Y Khounsary, A Maser, J Nair, S BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI Cooled mirror for a double undulator beamline SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications CY AUG 07-08, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE mirror; x-ray; optics; contact-cooled; design; thermal management; silicon; slope error AB The design of a contact-cooled horizontally reflecting high-heat-load mirror for use as the first optical element on an Advanced Photon Source (APS) beamline is described. The radiation source consists of a set of two collinear undulators producing an x-ray beam with up to 340 W/mm(2) peak normal heat flux at the mirror located 30 in from the source. The beam incident angle is 2.6 mrad (0.15degrees). The mirror is 500 min long and 75 mm wide. Specifications for this mirror are an rms tangential slope error less than or equal to 2 murad and an rms roughness less than or equal to 2 Angstrom. The mirror substrate is single crystal silicon. To selectively reflect photons with cut-off energies in the 7 to 33 keV range, the central part of the mirror may be coated with strips of Rh, Pt, and Be. Thermal and structural analyses of the mirror (steady state and transient) are reported. Two contact-cooling options considered are back and side cooling. The slope error of side cooling is smaller than that for back cooling. The influence of the mirror thickness and the cooling zone are analyzed. Other options to reduce the slope error are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5066-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5193 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1117/12.524908 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BY56A UT WOS:000189408500023 ER PT S AU Li, YM Khounsary, A Gosz, M AF Li, YM Khounsary, A Gosz, M BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI Effect of silicon anisotropy on Inirror substrate design SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications II CY AUG 05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE anisotropy; single-crystal silicon; bendable optics; x-ray; design; anticlastic bending AB Single-crystal silicon is one of the substrate materials often used for x-ray optical components, such as mirrors and monochromators. Silicon crystal is elastically anisotropic, mechanical properties are direction dependent. Because anisotropic analysis is complicated, isotropic approximation is commonly used in the design of optical substrates. This approximation is satisfactory in most cases. However, a full anisotropic analysis is required to precisely characterize the performance of optical substrates or determine the effect of anisotropy. In this paper, single-crystal-silicon anisotropy and its effects on deformation of bendable optics are discussed. The resulting anticlastic bending is described, and a complete numerical solution as well as approximate analytical formulations, is provided. Anisotropy can be used advantageously to accentuate anticlastic bending. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5471-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5533 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.561438 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBI09 UT WOS:000225597400015 ER PT S AU Preissner, C Assoufid, L Shu, DM AF Preissner, C Assoufid, L Shu, DM BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI Vibration diagnosis and remediation design for an x-ray optics stitching interferometer system SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications II CY AUG 05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE vibration; stitching; interferometer; x-ray optics AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) x-ray optics Metrology Laboratory currently operates a small-aperture Wyko laser interferometer in a stitching configuration. While the stitching configuration allows for easier surface characterization of long x-ray substrates and mirrors, the addition of mechanical components for optic element translation can compromise the ultimate measurement performance of the interferometer. A program of experimental vibration measurements, quantifying the laboratory vibration environment and identifying interferometer support-system behavior, has been conducted. Insight gained from the ambient vibration assessment and modal analysis has guided the development of a remediation technique. Discussion of the problem diagnosis and possible solutions are presented in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Preissner, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5471-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5533 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.560646 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBI09 UT WOS:000225597400016 ER PT S AU Li, YM Khounsary, A Nair, S AF Li, YM Khounsary, A Nair, S BE Khounsary, AM Dinger, U Ota, K TI How and why side cooling of high-heat-load optics works SO ADVANCES IN MIRROR TECHNOLOGY FOR X-RAY, EUV LITHOGRAPHY, LASER, AND OTHER APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Mirror Technology for X-Ray, EUV Lithography, Laser and Other Applications II CY AUG 05, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE DE optics; high-heat-load; side cooling; x-ray; analysis; bending; bowing; thermal bending moment; deformation AB The temperature gradients in a side-cooled mirror would create a thermal bending moment along the mirror length. For a slender side-cooled mirror with longitudinally uniform incident beam, the tangential slope error is primarily due to the bowing deformation caused by this thermal bending moment. The thermal bending moment depends on the temperature distribution, which is a function of the mirror geometry, heat load, and cooling design. Optimal design of a side-cooled mirror can achieve a "favorable" temperature profile to make the thermal bending moment, with respect to the substrate neutral plane, approach zero, so that the bowing deformation of the mirror is minimized. To understand the deformation of a side-cooled mirror and achieve an optimal design, a theoretical formulation is developed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5471-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5533 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.561435 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BBI09 UT WOS:000225597400019 ER PT S AU Jun, SC Pearlmutter, BA AF Jun, SC Pearlmutter, BA BE Thrun, S Saul, K Scholkopf, B TI Subject-independent magnetoencephalographic source localization by a multilayer perceptron SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 16 SE ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) CY DEC 08, 2003 CL CANADA ID HUMAN BRAIN; MEG; COMPONENTS; ACCURACY AB We describe a system that localizes a single dipole to reasonable accuracy from noisy magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements in real time. At its core is a multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained to map sensor signals and head position to dipole location. Including head position overcomes the previous need to retrain the MLP for each subject and session. The training dataset was generated by mapping randomly chosen dipoles and head positions through an analytic model and adding noise from real MEG recordings. After training, a localization took 0.7 ms with an average error of 0.90 cm. A few iterations of a Levenberg-Marquardt routine using the MLP's output as its initial guess took 15 ms and improved the accuracy to 0.53 cm, only slightly above the statistical limits on accuracy imposed by the noise. We applied these methods to localize single dipole sources from MEG components isolated by blind source separation and compared the estimated locations to those generated by standard manually-assisted commercial software. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jun, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, MS-D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pearlmutter, Barak/M-8791-2014 OI Pearlmutter, Barak/0000-0003-0521-4553 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1049-5258 BN 0-262-20152-6 J9 ADV NEUR IN PY 2004 VL 16 BP 741 EP 748 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BBF99 UT WOS:000225309500093 ER PT S AU Steinwart, I AF Steinwart, I BE Thrun, S Saul, K Scholkopf, B TI Sparseness of support vector machines - Some asymptotically sharp bounds SO ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS 16 SE ADVANCES IN NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) CY DEC 08, 2003 CL CANADA ID NETWORKS AB The decision functions constructed by support vector machines (SVM's) usually depend only on a subset of the training set-the so-called support vectors. We derive asymptotically sharp lower and upper bounds on the number of support vectors for several standard types of SVM's. In particular, we show for the Gaussian RBF kernel that the fraction of support vectors tends to twice the Bayes risk for the L1-SVM, to the probability of noise for the L2-SVM, and to 1 for the LS-SVM. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS-3,Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1049-5258 BN 0-262-20152-6 J9 ADV NEUR IN PY 2004 VL 16 BP 1069 EP 1076 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BBF99 UT WOS:000225309500133 ER PT S AU Kim, JT Park, WM Lee, CK Hur, S Weiss, J Luk, V Lee, SJ Hwang, IS AF Kim, JT Park, WM Lee, CK Hur, S Weiss, J Luk, V Lee, SJ Hwang, IS BE Lee, SS Yoon, DJ Lee, JH Lee, S TI Fiber-optic displacement sensor to detect the vibration of the thinned U-section by FAC SO ADVANCES IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Asian Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing ( APCNDT-11) CY NOV 03-07, 2003 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA DE fiber-optic displacement sensor; vibration measurement; FAC; SCCs AB This paper deals with the reflective displacement optical fiber sensor for detecting the vibration of U-sections, which are thinned according to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC). Surrounding the U-section, the reflecting surface, is a support frame, inside which is two bundles of optical fibers that form two displacement sensors. The natural vibration frequency was in the vicinity of 8 Hz and 22 Hz in the stable condition and in the case of pump off and a charging pump on. The peak from the fiber optic sensor was clearer and sharper than an accelerometer and a capacitance displacement sensor. Through the simulated FAC test, the vibration frequency of the U-section wall, thinned according to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) was increased to 10 Hz. C1 Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, I&C Human Factor Res Div, Taejon, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Chung Nam Nalt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taejon, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kim, JT (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, I&C Human Factor Res Div, Dukjin Dong 150, Taejon, South Korea. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-948-2 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 270-273 BP 762 EP 767 PN 1-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAW82 UT WOS:000223978300124 ER PT S AU Lee, NY Bahn, CB Lee, SG Kim, JH Hwang, IS Lee, JH Kim, JT Luk, V AF Lee, NY Bahn, CB Lee, SG Kim, JH Hwang, IS Lee, JH Kim, JT Luk, V BE Lee, SS Yoon, DJ Lee, JH Lee, S TI Development of an on-line ultrasonic system to monitor flow-accelerated corrosion of piping in nuclear power plants SO ADVANCES IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, PT 1-3 SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Asian Pacific Conference on Nondestructive Testing ( APCNDT-11) CY NOV 03-07, 2003 CL Jeju Isl, SOUTH KOREA DE Flow Accelerated Corrosion; UT; ECP; pH; vibration; fiber optic sensor; wall thinning; monitoring; nuclear power plant AB Designs of contemporary nuclear power plants (NPPs) are concentrated on improving plant life as well as safety. As the nuclear industry prepares for continued operation beyond the design lifetime of existing NPP, aging management through advanced monitoring is called for. Therefore, we suggested two approaches to develop the on-line piping monitoring system. Piping located in some position is reported to go through Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC). One is to monitor electrochemical parameters, ECP and pH, which can show occurrence of corrosion. The other is to monitor mechanical parameters, displacement and acceleration. These parameters are shown to change with thickness. Both measured parameters will be combined to quantify the amount of FAC of a target piping. In this paper, we report the progress of a multidisciplinary effort on monitoring of flow-induced vibration, which changes with reducing thickness. Vibration characteristics are measured using accelerometers, capacitive sensor and fiber optic sensors. To theoretically support the measurement, we analyzed the vibration mode change in a given thickness with the aid of finite element analysis assuming FAC phenomenon is represented only as thickness change. A high temperature flow loop has been developed to simulate the NPP secondary condition to show the applicability of new sensors. Ultrasonic transducer is introduced as validation purpose by directly measuring thickness. By this process, we identify performance and applicability of chosen sensors and also obtain base data for analyzing measured value in unknown conditions. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, NY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. RI Bahn, Chi Bum/C-2481-2012; Kim, Ji Hyun/F-5704-2010; OI Kim, Ji Hyun/0000-0002-3984-0686; Bahn, Chi Bum/0000-0002-0358-7703 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-948-2 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2004 VL 270-273 BP 2232 EP 2238 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BAW82 UT WOS:000223978300359 ER PT J AU Batista, CD Ortiz, G AF Batista, CD Ortiz, G TI Algebraic approach to interacting quantum systems SO ADVANCES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTION; ISOTROPIC HEISENBERG CHAIN; JORDAN-WIGNER TRANSFORMATION; STATE VERTEX MODELS; GROUND-STATE; ARBITRARY SPINS; FRACTIONAL STATISTICS; BIQUADRATIC EXCHANGE; GAUGE-INVARIANCE; LINEAR CHAIN AB We present an algebraic framework for interacting extended quantum systems to study complex phenomena characterized by the coexistence and competition of different states of matter. We start by showing how to connect different (spin-particle-gauge) languages by means of exact mappings (isomorphisms) that we name dictionaries and prove a fundamental theorem establishing when two arbitrary languages can be connected. These mappings serve to unravel symmetries which are hidden in one representation but become manifest in another. In addition, we establish a formal link between seemingly unrelated physical phenomena by changing the language of our model description. This link leads to the idea of universality or equivalence. Moreover, we introduce the novel concept of emergent symmetry as another symmetry guiding principle. By introducing the notion of hierarchical languages, we determine the quantum phase diagram of lattice models (previously unsolved) and unveil hidden order parameters to explore new states of matter. Hierarchical languages also constitute an essential tool to provide a unified description of phases which compete and coexist. Overall, our framework provides a simple and systematic methodology to predict and discover new kinds Of orders. Another aspect exploited by the present formalism is the relation between condensed matter and lattice gauge theories through quantum link models. We Conclude by discussing applications of these dictionaries to the area of quantum information and computation with emphasis in building new models Of computation and quantum programming languages. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ORTIZ@viking.lanl.gov RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 91 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0001-8732 EI 1460-6976 J9 ADV PHYS JI Adv. Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 82 DI 10.1080/00018730310001642086 PG 82 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 803AG UT WOS:000220203400001 ER PT S AU Sarasola, A Ritchie, RH Zaremba, E Echenique, PM AF Sarasola, A Ritchie, RH Zaremba, E Echenique, PM BE Sabin, JR Brandas, E TI Density functional theory-based stopping power for 3D and 2D systems SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOL 46: THEORY OF THE INTERACTION OF SWIFT IONS WITH MATTER, PT 2 SE Advances in Quantum Chemistry LA English DT Review ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; SLOW IONS; ENERGY-LOSS; CHARGED-PARTICLES; NONLINEAR CALCULATION; Z(1)(3) CORRECTION; HEAVY-PARTICLES; SOLIDS; PROTON; METALS AB We have reviewed the theoretical and experimental results on linear and non-linear screening and stopping power for 3D and 2D systems. In the linear case (Z(1)/nu much less than 1), dielectric formalism has been used to characterize such systems, while the non-linear aspects are described within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Differences between proton and antiproton probe particles are discussed, both in the quadratic response function theory and in the DFT. For heavy ions, the main results on Z(1) oscillations are revised. C1 Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, Fac Quim, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. UPV, EHU, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. RP Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, Fac Quim, Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 0-12-034846-2 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM JI Adv. Quantum Chem. PY 2004 VL 46 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0065-3276(04)46001-8 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BAW64 UT WOS:000223926300001 ER PT B AU Kwong, KS Bennett, JP Lee, WE Zhang, S AF Kwong, KS Bennett, JP Lee, WE Zhang, S BE Rigaud, M Allaire, C TI EAF slag design to maximize refractories service life SO Advances in Refractories for the Metallurgical Industries IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Advances in Refractories for the Metallurgical Industries held at the 43rd Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-25, 2004 CL Hamilton, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Mineral Sci & Engn Sect, Met Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Refractory Ceram Div AB An EAF slag properly saturated in MgO results in increased refractory service life and steelmaking efficiency. A computer model was developed using phase equilibrium data from the MgO-CaO-SiO2-FeO, MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 and SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-FeO systems to predict MgO saturated slag chemistry. This model has been successfully applied to a commercial EAF, although disciplined plant practices are required to achieve benefits from slag chemistry control. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Kwong, KS (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 1-894475-51-8 PY 2004 BP 661 EP 675 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBZ26 UT WOS:000228355600055 ER PT B AU Bennett, JP Kwong, KS AF Bennett, JP Kwong, KS BE Rigaud, M Allaire, C TI Refractory failure in slagging gasifiers SO Advances in Refractories for the Metallurgical Industries IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Advances in Refractories for the Metallurgical Industries held at the 43rd Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-25, 2004 CL Hamilton, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Mineral Sci & Engn Sect, Met Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Refractory Ceram Div ID COAL GASIFICATION AB Slagging gasifiers are used to produce chemicals and/or electricity from feedstocks such as coal and/or petroleum coke. A gasifier environment includes pressures from 400 to 1000 psi, temperatures from 1250-1550 degrees C, are cyclic, reducing gases of CO and H-2, and molten ash that interacts with the refractory liner materials. The high Cr2O3 refractory liners of gasifiers fail within 3 to 24 months. Gasifier users seek materials with increased reliability and service life. This paper discusses causes of refractory failure and efforts to increase refractory service life. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 1-894475-51-8 PY 2004 BP 783 EP 797 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BBZ26 UT WOS:000228355600065 ER PT B AU Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Guertsman, VY AF Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Guertsman, VY BE Taleff, E Friedman, PA Krajewski, PE Mishra, RS Schroth, JG TI Influence of grain boundary structure and composition on superplastic deformation SO ADVANCES IN SUPERPLASTICITY AND SUPERPLASTIC FORMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 15-17, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, AMS, MSCTS DE grain boundary sliding; grain boundary; segregation; Al-Mg alloys; superplasticity ID CAVITY NUCLEATION; CU; CAVITATION; ALLOY; FLOW AB Grain boundary sliding (GBS) plays a large role in superplastic deformation and dictates not only the deformation characteristics but also the final failure. As part of a program to better elucidate the nature of GBS we have studied the interplay between the sliding of grains and their structure and composition in model Al-Mg alloys. High-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy and high-temperature uniaxial tension tests were utilized to investigate the influence of Sn on grain boundary structure and how those different structures affected the ability of the boundary to slide. This paper will examine these effects from the atomistic level (microsegregation) to the micro- and macro-scale (cavitation). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vetrano, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-564-6 PY 2004 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BAB60 UT WOS:000221477700022 ER PT B AU Moridis, GJ Collett, TS AF Moridis, GJ Collett, TS BE Taylor, CE Kwan, JT TI Gas production from class 1 hydrate accumulations SO ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF GAS HYDRATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas Hydrate held at the 2003 Spring National Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-48645-8 PY 2004 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1007/0-306-48645-8_6 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BBB30 UT WOS:000224505100006 ER PT B AU Taylor, CE Link, DD Elsen, HA Ladner, EP AF Taylor, CE Link, DD Elsen, HA Ladner, EP BE Taylor, CE Kwan, JT TI Enhancement in the storage of methane in hydrates SO ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF GAS HYDRATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas Hydrate held at the 2003 Spring National Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers ID PHOTOCATALYTIC CONVERSION C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Taylor, CE (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-48645-8 PY 2004 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1007/0-306-48645-8_13 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BBB30 UT WOS:000224505100013 ER PT B AU Freifeld, BM Kneafsey, TJ AF Freifeld, BM Kneafsey, TJ BE Taylor, CE Kwan, JT TI Investigating methane hydrate in sediments using X-ray computed tomography SO ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF GAS HYDRATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas Hydrate held at the 2003 Spring National Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers ID DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freifeld, BM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-48645-8 PY 2004 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1007/0-306-48645-8_15 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BBB30 UT WOS:000224505100015 ER PT B AU Mahajan, D Servio, P Jones, KW Feng, H Winters, WJ AF Mahajan, D Servio, P Jones, KW Feng, H Winters, WJ BE Taylor, CE Kwan, JT TI Methane hydrate studies: Delineating properties of host sediments to establish reproducible decomposition kinetics SO ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF GAS HYDRATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas Hydrate held at the 2003 Spring National Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers ID DISSOCIATION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-48645-8 PY 2004 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/0-306-48645-8_16 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Geology GA BBB30 UT WOS:000224505100016 ER PT J AU Kang, QJ Zhang, DX Chen, SY AF Kang, QJ Zhang, DX Chen, SY TI Immiscible displacement in a channel: simulations of fingering in two dimensions SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE lattice boltzmann method; fingering; viscosity ratio; capillary number; contact angle; wettability ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD; MOVING CONTACT LINES; PHASE LIQUID BLOBS; HELE-SHAW CELL; POROUS-MEDIA; 2-PHASE FLOW; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MULTIPHASE FLOWS; ROUGH-SURFACE; BINARY-FLUID AB In this paper, we use a lattice Boltzmann (LB) multiphase/multicomponent model to study the flow of two immiscible fluids with different viscosities. The approach is first validated for a two-dimensional layered flow. The velocity profiles and the relative permeability coefficients are compared with the analytic results. We then apply this method to studying fingering in a two-dimensional channel where one fluid is displaced by another. The effects of viscosity ratio, capillary number, and wettability are investigated. The simulation results show that with the increase of the viscosity ratio or capillary number, both the finger width and the slip distance of the contact lines decrease, while the finger length increases. With the decrease of the wettability of the displacing fluid, the finger length and its change rate with time increase while the slip distance of the contact lines and its change rate with time decrease, and the minimum capillary number to form a stable finger decreases. Hence the finger growth is enhanced when the displacing fluid is nonwetting to the wall and otherwise suppressed. An indented part near the beginning of the fingers is clearly observed when a wetting fluid is displacing a nonwetting one. The finger width, however remains nearly unchanged when the wettability of the fluids changes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Peking Univ, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Lab Turbulance & Complex Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Kang, QJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 NR 54 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2003.10.002 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 759DA UT WOS:000187722000002 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Rader, DJ Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, MA Rader, DJ Torczynski, JR TI A generalized approximation for the thermophoretic force on a free-molecular particle SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT KNUDSEN NUMBERS; NEAR-WALL PARTICLE; RAREFIED-GAS FLOW; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; TRANSPORT; MOTION; MIXTURES AB A general, approximate expression is described that can be used to predict the thermophoretic force on a free-molecular, motionless, spherical particle suspended in a quiescent gas with a temperature gradient. The thermophoretic force is equal to the product of an order-unity coefficient, the gas-phase translational heat flux, the particle cross-sectional area, and the inverse of the mean molecular speed. Numerical simulations are used to test the accuracy of this expression for monatomic gases, polyatomic gases, and mixtures thereof. Both continuum and noncontinuum conditions are examined; in particular, the effects of low pressure, wall proximity, and high heat flux are investigated. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to calculate the local molecular velocity distribution, and the force-Green's-function method is used to calculate the thermophoretic force. The approximate expression is found to predict the calculated thermophoretic force to within 10% for all cases examined. The source file mentioned in this article is available online at http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1080/02786820490490001. To access this file, click on the issue link for 38( 7), then select this article. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an institutional subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.aaar.org. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM djrader@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 7 BP 692 EP 706 DI 10.1080/0278682049040001 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841TI UT WOS:000222954100006 ER PT J AU Sippola, MR Nazaroff, WW AF Sippola, MR Nazaroff, WW TI Experiments measuring particle deposition from fully developed turbulent flow in ventilation ducts SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROUGH SURFACES; SMOOTH; TRANSPORT AB Particle deposition in ventilation ducts influences particle exposures of building occupants and may lead to a variety of indoor air quality concerns. Experiments have been performed in a laboratory to study the effects of particle size and air speed on deposition rates of particles from turbulent air flows in galvanized steel and internally insulated ducts with hydraulic diameters of 15.2 cm. The duct systems were constructed of materials typically found in commercial heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. In the steel duct system, experiments with nominal particle sizes of 1, 3, 5, 9, and 16 mum were conducted at each of three nominal air speeds: 2.2, 5.3, and 9.0 m/s. In the insulated duct system, deposition rates of particles with nominal sizes of 1, 3, 5, 8, and 13 mum were measured at nominal air speeds of 2.2, 5.3, and 8.8 m/s. Fluorescent techniques were used to directly measure the deposition velocities of monodisperse fluorescent particles to duct surfaces (floor, wall, and ceiling) at two straight duct sections where the turbulent flow profile was fully developed. In steel ducts, deposition rates were higher to the duct floor than to the wall, which in turn were greater than to the ceiling. In insulated ducts, deposition was nearly the same to the duct floor, wall, and ceiling for a given particle size and air speed. Deposition to duct walls and ceilings was greatly enhanced in insulated ducts compared to steel ducts. Deposition velocities to each of the three duct surface orientations in both systems were found to increase with increasing particle size or air velocity over the ranges studies. Deposition rates measured in the current experiments were in general agreement with the limited observations of similar systems by previous researchers. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Indoor Environm, Div Environm Energy Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sippola, MR (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Indoor Environm, Div Environm Energy Technol, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mrsippola@lbl.gov RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 18 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 914 EP 925 DI 10.1080/027868290507213 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 852FN UT WOS:000223740800006 ER PT J AU Hadley, GR AF Hadley, GR TI Numerical simulation of waveguides of arbitrary cross-section SO AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE finite difference; Helmholtz; waveguide; propagation ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; INTERFACES; LEAKY AB Finite difference equations are derived for the simulation of dielectric waveguides using an H-z-E-z formulation defined on a nonuniform triangular grid. The resulting equations may be solved as a banded eigenproblem for waveguide structures of arbitrary shape composed of regions of piecewise constant isotropic dielectric, and all transverse fields then computed from the solutions. Benchmark comparisons are presented for problems with analytic solutions, as well as a sample calculation of the propagation loss of a hollow Bragg fiber. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hadley, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM grhadle@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1434-8411 J9 AEU-INT J ELECTRON C JI AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. PY 2004 VL 58 IS 2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1078/1434-8411-54100212 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 808KQ UT WOS:000220568400003 ER PT B AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, EM BE Payr, S Trappl, R TI Designing intercultural agents for multicultural interactions SO AGENT CULTURE: HUMAN-AGENT INTRODUCTION IN A MULTICULTURAL WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Agent Culture CY AUG 24-25, 2001 CL Austrian Res Inst Artificial Intellignece, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Austrian Res Inst Artificial Intellignece C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-4808-8 PY 2004 BP 267 EP 285 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAN34 UT WOS:000222952600013 ER PT B AU Sharma, P Hammett, GW Quataert, E AF Sharma, P Hammett, GW Quataert, E BE Richards, GT Hall, PB TI Collisional effects on the kinetic MRI SO AGN PHYSICS WITH THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on AGN Physics with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Univ ID MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY AB We briefly summarize some of the key results from our recent paper (Sharma, Hammett, & Quataert 2003), which contains the dE!tails of the work that we presented at this conference, and mention some connections to AGNs. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sharma, P (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-164-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 311 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAI18 UT WOS:000222361100025 ER PT B AU Jester, S Kron, RG AF Jester, S Kron, RG BE Richards, GT Hall, PB TI Volume-limited SDSS/FIRST quasars and the radio dichotomy SO AGN PHYSICS WITH THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on AGN Physics with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey CY JUL 27-30, 2003 CL Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ HO Princeton Univ ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 1ST DATA RELEASE AB Much evidence has been presented in favor of and against the existence of two distinct populations of quasars: radio-loud and radio-quiet. The SDSS differs from earlier optically selected quasar surveys in the large number of quasars and the targeting of FIRST radio source counterparts as quasar candidates. This allows a qualitatively different approach of constructing a series of samples at different redshifts which axe volume-limited with respect to both radio and optical luminosity. This technique avoids any biases from the strong evolution of quasar counts with redshift and potential redshift-dependent selection effects. We find that optical and radio luminosities of quasars detected in both SDSS and FIRST axe not well correlated within each redshift shell, although the fraction of radio detections among optically selected quasars remains roughly constant at 10% for z less than or equal to 3.2. The distribution in the luminosity-luminosity plane does not appear to be strongly bimodal. The optical luminosity function is marginally flatter at higher radio luminosities. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jester, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-164-8 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 311 BP 357 EP 360 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAI18 UT WOS:000222361100071 ER PT J AU Ernst, T Chang, L AF Ernst, T Chang, L TI Effect of aging on brain metabolism in antiretroviralnaive HIV patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Mental Health Research Issues in HIV Infection and Aging CY APR, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Natl Inst Mental Hlth DE aging; brain; dementia; HIV; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; metabolism ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; ABSOLUTE QUANTITATION; FRONTAL-LOBE; WHITE-MATTER; AGE; ESTROGEN; DOPAMINE; THERAPY; CHOLINE AB Objective: Normal aging as well as HIV infection may lead to inflammatory changes and injury to the brain; however, it is unclear if and how these processes interact. The PF goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the interaction between aging and HIV infection in the brain using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS). Design: Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to determine the effects of HIV and age, and their interaction, on MRS variables. Methods: Forty-six HIV patients naive to antiretroviral medications and 58 seronegative control subjects were examined using localized H-1-MRS in the frontal gray matter, frontal white matter and basal ganglia, and metabolite concentrations were determined. Results: Compared with seronegative controls, HIV-positive subjects showed additional and marked increases in the concentration of glial markers, choline-containing compounds (seronegative controls +2%/decade; HIV-positive subjects +10%/decade) and myoinositol (seronegative controls +3%/decade; HIV-positive subjects +12%/decade), with aging in the frontal white matter. In the basal ganglia, N-acetyl compounds and total creatine decreased with age only in HIV patients (N-acetyl compounds -3.7%/decade; creatine -4%/decade). ANCOVA showed significant interaction effects between HIV and aging on the metabolites in the basal ganglia (N-acetyl peak P=0.03; creatine P=0.04) and in the frontal white matter (interaction: choline-containing compounds P=0.002; myoinositol P=0.007). Conclusion: In the basal ganglia, HIV infection appeared to induce neuronal damage or loss beyond that observed in normal aging. In the frontal white matter, HIV infection seemed to exacerbate glial activation beyond that observed in normal aging. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Ernst, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ternst@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00425]; NIDA NIH HHS [K-20 DA00280]; NIMH NIH HHS [1R01 MH61427-03]; NINDS NIH HHS [1R01 NS38834] NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN PY 2004 VL 18 SU 1 BP S61 EP S67 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 805OL UT WOS:000220375500009 PM 15075499 ER PT S AU Sloan, GR Dubbert, DF AF Sloan, GR Dubbert, DF BE Andraitis, AA Leygraaf, GJ TI Affordable, miniaturized SAR for tactical UAV applications SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Raconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; miniaturized radar; UAV sensors AB Sandia's fielded and experimental SAR systems are well known for their real time, high resolution imagery. Previous designs, such as the Lynx radar, have been successfully demonstrated on medium-payload UAVs, including Predator and Fire Scout. However, fielding a high performance SAR sensor on even smaller (sub-50 pound payload) UAVs will require at least a 5x reduction in size, weight, and cost. This paper gives an overview of Sandia's system concept and roadmap for near-term SAR miniaturization. Specifically, the "miniSAR" program, which plans to demonstrate a 25 pound system with 4 inch resolution in early 2005, is detailed. Accordingly, the conceptual approach, current status, design tradeoffs, and key facilitating technologies are reviewed. Lastly,. future enhancements and directions are described, such as the follow-on demonstration of a sub-20 pound version with multi-mode (SAR/GMTI) capability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sloan, GR (reprint author), MS 0529,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5332-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5409 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.541564 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX89 UT WOS:000224144900009 ER PT S AU Carrano, CJ Brase, JM AF Carrano, CJ Brase, JM BE Andraitis, AA Leygraaf, GJ TI Adapting high-resolution speckle imaging to moving targets and platforms SO AIRBORNE INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE, RECONNAISSANCE (ISR) SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, Raconnaissance (ISR) Systems and Applications CY APR 13-14, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB High-resolution surveillance imaging with apertures greater than a few inches over horizontal or slant paths at optical or infrared wavelengths will typically be limited by atmospheric aberrations. With static targets and static platforms, we have previously demonstrated near-diffraction limited imaging of various targets including personnel and vehicles over horizontal and slant paths ranging from less than a kilometer to many tens of kilometers using adaptations to bispectral speckle imaging techniques(1,2,3). Nominally, these image processing methods require the target to be static with respect to its background during the data acquisition since multiple frames are required. To obtain a sufficient number of frames and also to allow the atmosphere to decorrelate between frames, data acquisition times on the order of one second are needed. Modifications to the original imaging algorithm will be needed to deal with situations where there is relative target to background motion. In this paper, we present an extension of these imaging techniques to accommodate mobile platforms and moving targets.. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carrano, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5332-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5409 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.542352 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAX89 UT WOS:000224144900011 ER PT J AU Zhu, W Volkow, ND Ma, YM Fowler, JS Wang, GJ AF Zhu, W Volkow, ND Ma, YM Fowler, JS Wang, GJ TI Relationship between ethanol-induced changes in brain regional metabolism and its motor, behavioural and cognitive effects SO ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; ACUTE ALCOHOL-INTOXICATION; ADENOSINERGIC MODULATION; CANONICAL CORRELATION; PERFORMANCE; RATS; INCOORDINATION; AGGRESSION; FRAMEWORK; EMOTION AB Aims and Methods: Acute alcohol administration induces marked decreases in glucose metabolism throughout the human brain. However, the relationship between alcohol's effects on brain metabolism and the behavioural changes that occur with intoxication are still unclear. Here we assessed this association using principal component analysis for dimension reduction and canonical correlations to gauge inter-class relationships. We also used canonical correlations in the polynomial space to assess for possible nonlinear relationships. Results: After normalizing the regional measures to account for the large whole brain decreases observed with intoxication we show that the largest decreases occurred in occipital cortex and that there were relative increases in basal ganglia. Principal component analysis of the changes in the normalized measures revealed that 60% of the variance was accounted for by two factors; one that contrasted cerebellum versus frontal and anterior cingulate metabolism, and another that contrasted basal ganglia and insula. The square of the first factor was significantly correlated with the deterioration in cognitive performance. The second factor showed a significant linear correlation with self-reports of intoxication and with deterioration in cognitive and motor performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the contrasting effects of alcohol in basal ganglia versus the insula are involved in the perception of 'feeling drunk' and that its contrasting effects in cerebellum versus those in frontal and parietal cortices are involved in its motor incoordinating effects. On the other hand alcohol's impact on cognitive performance implicates a more complex pattern of brain effects that includes linear as well as non-linear associations. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, W (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM zhu@ams.sunysb.edu FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 09481] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0735-0414 J9 ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM JI Alcohol Alcohol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 39 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1093/alcalc/agh023 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 762MA UT WOS:000187975000010 PM 14691075 ER PT J AU Pascucci, V Cole-McLaughlin, K AF Pascucci, V Cole-McLaughlin, K TI Parallel computation of the topology of level sets SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE isosurfaces; level sets; genus; topology; Betti numbers AB This paper introduces two efficient algorithms that compute the ContourTree of a three-dimensional scalar field F and its augmented version with the Betti numbers of each isosurface. The Contour Tree is a fundamental data structure in scientific visualization that is used to pre-process the domain mesh to allow optimal computation of isosurfaces with minimal overhead storage. The Contour Tree can also be used to build user interfaces reporting the complete topological characterization of a scalar field, as shown in Figure 1. Data exploration time is reduced since the user understands the evolution of level set components with changing isovalue. The Augmented Contour Tree provides even more accurate information segmenting the range space of the scalar field into regions of invariant topology. The exploration time for a single isosurface is also improved since its genus is known in advance. Our first new algorithm augments any given Contour Tree with the Betti numbers of all possible corresponding isocontours in linear time with the size of the tree. Moreover, we show how to extend the scheme introduced in [3] with the Betti number computation without increasing its complexity. Thus, we improve on the time complexity in our previous approach [10] from O (m log m) to O (n log n+m), where m is the number of cells and n is the number of vertices in the domain of F. Our second contribution is a new divide-and-conquer algorithm that computes the Augmented Contour Tree with improved efficiency. The approach computes the output Contour Tree by merging two intermediate Contour Trees and is independent of the interpolant. In this way we confine any knowledge regarding a specific interpolant to an independent function that computes the tree for a single cell. We have implemented this function for the trilinear interpolant and plan to replace it with higher-order interpolants when needed. The time complexity is O (n+t log n), where t is the number of critical points of T. For the first time we can compute the Contour Tree in linear time in many practical cases where t=O(n(1-epsilon)). We report the running times for a parallel implementation, showing good scalability with the number of processors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pascucci, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808,L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-4617 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD JAN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 249 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s00453-003-1052-3 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 750ER UT WOS:000186978800014 ER PT S AU Salazar, JS Post, BN AF Salazar, JS Post, BN BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A novel distribution-free segmentation approach applied to multispectral thermal imager data SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MTI; multispectral; hyperspectral; thermal; imager; image; segmentation; clustering; classification; TERCAT AB The timely analysis and exploitation of data from multispectral/hyperspectral sensors from remote sensing platforms can be a daunting task. One such sensor platform is the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI), which provides a highly informative source of remote sensing data. In a typical exploitation scenario, an image analyst may need to consistently locate regions/objects of interest from a stream of imagery in a timely manner. Many available image analysis/segmentation techniques are often either slow, not robust to spectral variabilities from view to view or within a spectrally similar region, or may require a significant amount of user intervention including a priori knowledge to achieve a segmentation corresponding to self-similar regions within the data. This paper discusses an unsupervised segmentation approach that exploits the gross spectral shape of MTI data. We describe a nonparametric unsupervised approach based on a graph theoretic representation of the data. The goal of this approach is to perform coarse level segmentation that can stand alone or as a potential precursor to other image analysis tools. In comparison to previous techniques, the key characteristics of this approach are in its simplicity, speed, and consistency. Most importantly it requires few user inputs and determines the number of spectral clusters, their overall size, and subsequent pixel assignment directly from the data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Salazar, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0844,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 118 EP 129 DI 10.1117/12.543745 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600011 ER PT S AU Nandy, P Post, BN Smith, JL Decker, ML AF Nandy, P Post, BN Smith, JL Decker, ML BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Edge-based correlation image registration algorithm for the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference onAlgorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery X CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; imager; phase correlation; registration; edge-filter; MTI; automated AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager Satellite (MTI), launched on March 12, 2000, is a multispectral pushbroom system that acquires 15 unique spectral bands of data from 0.45-10.7 microns, with resolutions of 5 in for the visible bands and 20 in for the infrared. Scene data are collected on three separate sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) mounted on the focal plane. The process of image registration for MTI satellite imagery therefore requires two separate steps: (1) the multispectral data collected by each SCA must be coregistered and (2) the SCAs must be registered with respect to each other. An automated algorithm was developed to register the MTI imagery. This algorithm performs a phase correlation on edge-maps generated from paired bands of data and then spatial-filters the result to calculate the relative shifts between bands. The process is repeated on every combination of band pairs to generate a vector of coregistration results for each SCA. The three SCAs are then registered to each other using a similar process operating on just one spectral band. The resulting registration values are used to produce a linearly shifted un-resampled coregistered image cube. This study shows the results of 791 image registration attempts using the EdgeReg registration code and compares them to a perfect reference data set of the same images registered manually. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nandy, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5348-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5425 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.541409 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAV41 UT WOS:000223764600019 ER PT S AU Wahl, DE AF Wahl, DE BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Improved SAR interferometric processing using local phase-slope correction SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; IFSAR AB SAR interferometry is a technique used to reconstruct detailed terrain height maps. The technique requires two SAR images of the same patch of ground. In order for the interferometric process to succeed, the imaging collection geometry must be within tightly held constraints. The two images are registered and the phases are compared using a 2-dimensional averaging box of several pixels. This phase difference is then proportional to the terrain height at the location of the center of the averaging box. This local averaging process is important because it reduces phase-noise and subsequently produces better height maps. The process, however, assumes that the phase difference is constant over the averaging box. In areas where steep slopes exist, this assumption is violated and the resulting phase difference measurements are in error, resulting in corrupted height maps. This paper presents a technique, which extends the model of the phase in the averaging box to allow a 2-dimensional linear phase slope to exist. The process estimates the constant phase (the phase that is a measure of the local terrain height) and the phase slope (which is a measure of the terrain slope) in an individual averaging box. Extending the model to include the linear phase slopes greatly improves the constant phase difference estimates, especially in areas of steep terrain. This results in much more accurate and reliable terrain products. This paper demonstrates the viability of the technique on actual SAR data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wahl, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.548351 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100009 ER PT S AU Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Yocky, DA Bray, BK Bow, WJ Richards, JA AF Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Yocky, DA Bray, BK Bow, WJ Richards, JA BE Zelnio, EG Garber, FD TI Comparison of algorithms for use in real-time spotlight-mode SAR image formation SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XI CY APR 12-15, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; spotlight-mode SAR; image formation; real-time image formation; polar formatting AB This paper compares three algorithms for potential use in a real-time, on-board implementation of spotlight-mode SAR image formation. These include: the polar formatting algorithm (PFA), the range migration algorithm (RMA), and the overlapped subapertures algorithm (OSA). We conclude that for any reasonable spotlight-mode imaging scenario, PFA is easily the algorithm of choice because its computational efficiency is significantly higher than that of either RMA or OSA. This comparison specifically includes cases in which wavefront curvature is sufficient to cause image defocus in conventional PFA, because a post-processing refocus step can be performed with PFA to yield excellent image quality for only a minimal increase in computation time. We demonstrate that real-time image formation for many imaging scenarios is achievable using PFA implemented on a single Pentium(R) M* processor. OSA is quite slow compared to PFA, especially for the case of moderate to high resolution (9 inches and better). RMA is not competitive with PFA for situations that do not require wavefront curvature correction. For those cases in which PFA requires post-processing to correct for wavefront curvature, RMA comes closer in efficiency to PFA, but is still outperformed by the modified PFA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jakowatz, CV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5350-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5427 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.1117/12.548203 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BAZ45 UT WOS:000224315100010 ER PT S AU Ko, TH Berry, NM AF Ko, TH Berry, NM BE Markopoulos, P Eggen, B Aarts, E Crowley, JL TI Distributed feature extraction for event identification SO AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Symposium on Ambient Intelligence CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Eindhoven Univ Technol, Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Ind Design, JFS Schouten Sch Res User Syst Interact, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Senter IOP MMI, Oce, Philips HO Eindhoven Univ Technol AB An important component of ubiquitous computing is the ability to quickly sense the dynamic environment to learn context awareness in real-time. To pervasively capture detailed information of movements, we present a decentralized algorithm for feature extraction within a wireless sensor network. By approaching this problem in a distributed manner, we are able to work within the real constraint of wireless battery power and its effects on processing and network communications. We describe a hardware platform developed for low-power ubiquitous wireless sensing and a distributed feature extraction methodology which is capable of providing more information to the user of events while reducing power consumption. We demonstrate how the collaboration between sensor nodes can provide a means of organizing large networks into information-based clusters. C1 Embedded Reasoning Inst, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ko, TH (reprint author), Embedded Reasoning Inst, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM thko@sandia.gov; nmberry@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23721-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3295 BP 136 EP 147 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBE98 UT WOS:000225162900014 ER PT J AU Berman, M AF Berman, M TI Comments on intelligent design creationism - Response SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Letter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Council Competitiveness, Washington, DC USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA 765BX UT WOS:000188248200004 ER PT J AU Nemes, S Rao, PA Zeiler, C Munly, K Holtz, KD Hoffman, J AF Nemes, S Rao, PA Zeiler, C Munly, K Holtz, KD Hoffman, J TI Computerized screening of substance abuse problems in a primary care setting: Older vs. younger adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE LA English DT Article DE DAPA-PC; primary care; drug abuse; alcohol abuse; older adults ID DRUG; DISORDERS AB The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in responses of older adults (age 55 and above) and younger, adults (ages 18 to 54) to the Drug Abuse Problem Assessment for Primary Care (DAPA-PC), a computerized drug and alcohol abuse screening instrument developed for primary care settings. Data were collected from a diverse population of 327 adults presenting for care at The George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates clinic in downtown Washington, DC. Results indicated that rates of drug and alcohol abuse were similar in both groups. However, older adults were less likely than younger adults to perceive their drug use as problematic. This finding has serious implications for older adults, who tend to be underrepresented in treatment programs. There is a need for screening seniors and identifying those who may be at risk for substance abuse problems. Differences in responses to alcohol and drug assessments by age should be taken into consideration when designing screening instruments. The results of this study suggest that the DAPA-PC would provide a useful instrument for screening older adults in a primary care setting. C1 Danya Int Inc, Tobacco Drug & Alcohol Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Nemes, S (reprint author), Danya Int Inc, Tobacco Drug & Alcohol Res, 8737 Colesville Rd,Suite 1200, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM snemes@danya.com FU NIDA NIH HHS [N44 DA 86505] NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0095-2990 J9 AM J DRUG ALCOHOL AB JI Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1081/ADA-200032312 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 867IS UT WOS:000224836900009 PM 15540497 ER PT J AU Whorton, MD Moore, DN Seward, JP Noonan, KA Mendelsohn, ML AF Whorton, MD Moore, DN Seward, JP Noonan, KA Mendelsohn, ML TI Cancer incidence rates among Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) employees: 1974-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cancer incidence; malignant melanoma; testicular cancer; lung cancer ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA AB Background In the mid-1970's an excess of malignant melanoma of the skin was noted among employees at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A 1984 cancer incidence study showed a non-significant excess of total cancers among female employees with significant excesses for melanoma, rectum and anus, and salivary gland cancers. For male employees, there was a non-significant deficit of total cancer with significant excesses in melanoma and non-brain nervous system cancers. This paper reports the results of a surveillance effort to update our understanding of the patterns of cancer incidence in this population. Methods We used California Cancer Registry (CCR) data to ascertain employees Who had worked for six or more consecutive months at LLNL during the 24-year period of 1974 through 1997 who were diagnosed weith cancer during that time frame. We used the Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) in our analyses. Results There were 17,785 employees who provided 186,558 person-years of observation: 145,203 were from males and 41,355 were from females. The CCR, through its linkage techniques, identified 541 individuals with invasive cancer and 96 with in situ cancer A total of 404 males had invasive cancer and 33 had in situ cancer whereas there were 137 females with invasive cancer and 63 with in situ cancer The SIR for invasive cancer in males was 69 (95% CI 62-76). The overall cancer SIR for males was unaffected by calendar time. There were only two invasive cancer sites with significant excess: melanoma and cancer of the testes. For eight categories or cancer sites, we found a statistical deficit in cancer incidence. The most striking deficit occurred in cancer of the lungs and bronchus with a SIR of 36 (95% Cl 26-50). The SIR for invasive cancer in females was 80 (95% CI 67-94). The overall cancer SIR for females decreased over calendar time. There was a statistically significant deficit for cancers of the female genital organs. There were 84 cases of invasive and in situ melanoma in both genders. Time-trend analyses for melanoma showed a significant excess during the years 1974-1985 buta reduction to community rates from 1986 through 1997. There were 21 individuals with testicular cancer with a SIR of 207 (95% CI 129-317). There were no differences in age at diagnosis or cell type with the comparison population. We analyzed the data using the same radiosensitive cancer categories used in the 1984 study. There were no increases in SIRs in any of these categories. Conclusions We found that the LLNL employees had less cancer than expected with males having relatively fewer cancers than females. The lung cancer rate for males was remarkably low. Since 1986 the melanoma rates resemble the community rates. Testicular cancer rates are modestly elevated and appear to have been so for the past 20 years. Lifestyle patterns, including smoking, and cancer screening activities are probably important contributors to the observed low cancer rates. C1 WorkCare, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Hlth Serv, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Whorton, MD (reprint author), WorkCare, 1320 Harbor Bay Pkwy,115, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. EM dwhorton@workcare.com NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1002/ajim.10323 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 762AG UT WOS:000187947200003 PM 14691966 ER PT J AU Langlois, RG Trebes, JE Dalmasso, EA Ying, Y Davies, RW Curzi, MP Colston, BW Turteltaub, KW Perkins, J Chromy, BA Choi, MW Murphy, GA Fitch, JP McCutcheon-Maloney, SL AF Langlois, RG Trebes, JE Dalmasso, EA Ying, Y Davies, RW Curzi, MP Colston, BW Turteltaub, KW Perkins, J Chromy, BA Choi, MW Murphy, GA Fitch, JP McCutcheon-Maloney, SL TI Serum protein profile alterations in hemodialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemodialysis; SELDI-TOF-MS; protein profiling; proteomics; biomarkers ID PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OVARIAN-CANCER; BIOMARKER; IDENTIFICATION; CARCINOMA; DISCOVERY; DISEASE; IMPACT AB Background: Serum protein profiling patterns can reflect the pathological state of a patient and therefore may be useful for clinical diagnostics. Here, we present results from a pilot study of proteomic expression patterns in hemodialysis patients designed to evaluate the range of serum proteomic alterations in this population. Methods: Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to analyze serum obtained from patients on periodic hemodialysis treatment and healthy controls. Serum samples from patients and controls were first fractionated into six eluants on a strong anion exchange column, followed by application to four array chemistries representing cation exchange, anion exchange, metal affinity and hydrophobic surfaces. A total of 144 SELDI-TOF-MS spectra were obtained from each serum sample. Results: The overall profiles of the patient and control samples were consistent and reproducible. However, 30 well-defined protein differences were observed; 15 proteins were elevated and 15 were decreased in patients compared to controls. Serum from 1 patient exhibited novel protein peaks suggesting possible additional changes due to a secondary disease process. Conclusion: SELDI-TOF-MS demonstrated consistent serum protein profile differences between patients and controls. Similarity in protein profiles among dialysis patients suggests that patient physiological responses to end-stage renal disease and/or dialysis therapy have a major effect on serum protein profiles. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ciphergen Biosyst, Fremont, CA USA. Diablo Nephrol Med Grp Inc, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP McCutcheon-Maloney, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, 7000 East Ave,L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smaloney@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AM J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1159/000077409 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 809QG UT WOS:000220650600012 PM 15031630 ER PT J AU Kramer, A Djubiantono, T Aziz, F Bogard, JS Weeks, RA Hames, WE Elam, JM Weinand, DC Durband, AC Agus AF Kramer, A. Djubiantono, T. Aziz, F. Bogard, J. S. Weeks, R. A. Hames, W. E. Elam, J. M. Weinand, D. C. Durband, A. C. Agus TI Taxonomic affinities and geochronological age of RH1, the first fossil hominid from West Java, Indonesia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kramer, A.; Bogard, J. S.; Elam, J. M.; Weinand, D. C.; Durband, A. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Djubiantono, T.; Agus] Archaeol Res & Dev Ctr, Bandung, Indonesia. [Aziz, F.] Quaternary Res Lab, Bandung, Indonesia. [Bogard, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Weeks, R. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Hames, W. E.] Auburn Univ, Dept Geol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2004 SU 38 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA V16BZ UT WOS:000207846400305 ER PT J AU Potter, AB White, PS AF Potter, A. B. White, P. S. TI Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the prehistoric people of Eel Point Locus C San Clemente Island, California SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Potter, A. B.; White, P. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2004 SU 38 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA V16BZ UT WOS:000207846400436 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI A Bell-type theorem without hidden variables SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLOCAL CHARACTER; QUANTUM-THEORY; INEQUALITIES AB It is shown that no theory that satisfies certain premises can exclude faster-than-light influences. The premises include neither the existence of hidden variables nor counterfactual definiteness, nor any premise that effectively entails the general existence of outcomes of unperformed local measurements. All the premises are compatible with Copenhagen philosophy and the principles and predictions of relativistic quantum field theory. The present proof is contrasted with an earlier one with the same objective. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1119/1.1613273 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 757PP UT WOS:000187570900008 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM St-Onge, MP Lecumberri, B Pi-Sunyer, FX Heshka, S Wang, J Kotler, DP Gallagher, D Wielopolski, L Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB AF Wang, ZM St-Onge, MP Lecumberri, B Pi-Sunyer, FX Heshka, S Wang, J Kotler, DP Gallagher, D Wielopolski, L Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB TI Body cell mass: model development and validation at the cellular level of body composition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE total body potassium; nutritional assessment ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; TISSUE MASS; INVIVO; PROTEIN; FAT AB Existing models to estimate the metabolically active body cell mass (BCM) component in vivo remain incompletely developed. The classic Moore model is based on an assumed BCM potassium content of 120 mmol/kg. Our objectives were to develop an improved total body potassium (TBK)-independent BCM prediction model on the basis of an earlier model ( Cohn SH, Vaswani AN, Yasumura S, Yuen K, and Ellis KJ. J Lab Clin Med 105: 305 - 311, 1985), to apply this improved model in subjects to explore the sex and age dependence of the TBK/BCM ratio, to develop a new TBK/BCM model on the basis of physiological associations between TBK and total body water (TBW) at the cellular level of body composition, and to fit this new model with available reference data. Subjects were 112 healthy adults who had the following components measured: TBW by (H2O)-H-2 or (H2O)-H-3, extracellular water by NaBr, total body nitrogen by in vivo neutron activation, bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and TBK by whole body counting. Human reference data were collected from earlier published reports. The improved Cohn model-derived TBK/BCM ratio was ( mean +/- SD) 109.0 +/- 10.9 mmol/kg and was not significantly related to sex and age. A simplified version of the new TBK-TBW model provided a TBK/BCM ratio almost identical (109.1 mmol/kg) to that derived by the improved Cohn model. The TBK-BCM prediction formula derived from the improved and new models [BCM (kg) = 1/109 x TBK (mmol); or BCM = 0.0092 x TBK] gives BCM estimates similar to 11% higher than the classic Moore model (BCM = 0.0083 x TBK) formulated on rough tissue composition estimates. The present analyses provide a physiologically based, improved, and validated TBK-BCM prediction formula that should prove useful in body composition and metabolism research. C1 Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, ZM (reprint author), Weight Control Unit, 1090 Amsterdam Ave,14th Floor, New York, NY 10025 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 42618] NR 23 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 286 IS 1 BP E123 EP E128 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2003 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 751ND UT WOS:000187072700017 PM 14532167 ER PT J AU Beyer, WA Zardecki, A AF Beyer, WA Zardecki, A TI The early history of the ham sandwich theorem SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyer, WA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM beyer@lanl.gov; azz@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 111 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.2307/4145019 PG 4 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 763LR UT WOS:000188087700011 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Scachetti-Pereira, R Hargrove, WW AF Peterson, AT Scachetti-Pereira, R Hargrove, WW TI Potential geographic distribution of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) in North America SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BIOCLIMATIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; PREDICTION; PLANTS; INVASIONS; COMMUNITY; AUSTRALIA; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; FECUNDITY AB The potential for ecological and economic damage caused by invasive species is only beginning to be appreciated. A recently arrived, and particularly worrisome, invader in North America is the Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), the larvae of which damage trees and forests. The geographic extent and likely path of its possible invasion of North American forests, however, are unknown. Herein, we develop and test ecological niche models for the species based on features of climate from the species' native distribution in eastern Asia, and then project them onto North America to identify areas of potential distribution. These models suggest that the species has the potential to invade much of eastern North America, but only limited areas in western North America, and that a focus of initiation of invasions is likely to lie in the area south of the Great Lakes. This result is particularly clear under modeled scenarios of spread and contagion. C1 Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum & Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. CRIA, BR-13084520 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum & Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 49 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 151 IS 1 BP 170 EP 178 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 766KX UT WOS:000188376500018 ER PT J AU Van Westrenen, W Frank, MR Hanchar, JM Fei, YW Finch, RJ Zha, CS AF Van Westrenen, W Frank, MR Hanchar, JM Fei, YW Finch, RJ Zha, CS TI In situ determination of the compressibility of synthetic pure zircon (ZrSiO4) and the onset of the zircon-reidite phase transition SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; HIGH-PRESSURE; SCHEELITE TRANSITION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; TRANSFORMATIONS; RADIATION; SILICATE; BEHAVIOR AB We have determined the room-temperature compressibility of pure, synthetic zircon (ZrSiO4). Unit-cell volumes of a powdered sample were determined in situ as a function of pressure up to 27 GPa in a diamond anvil cell (DAC), by using angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Unit-cell volumes were fitted to a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, resulting in a room-temperature bulk modulus for the zircon structure, K-T0 = 199 +/- 1 GPa, and ambient pressure unit-cell volume V-0 = 260.89 +/- 0.03 Angstrom(3), when (partial derivativeK(T0)/partial derivativeP)(T) = K-T0(') is fixed at 4. This bulk modulus is over 12% lower than that suggested by earlier measurements using impure, natural zircon sample. In addition, we observed the start of the transformation of zircon to reidite (scheelite-structured ZrSiO4) at a pressure of 19.7 GPa, over 3 GPa lower than previously determined for natural (impure) zircon. Together with compressibility measurements of a trace-element-doped zircon, these observations suggest that impurities affect the phase transition kinetics and compressibility of zircon, and by analogy, perhaps of other silicate minerals. C1 ETH, ETH Zentrum, Inst Mineral & Petrog, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Wilson Lab, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Van Westrenen, W (reprint author), ETH, ETH Zentrum, Inst Mineral & Petrog, Sonneggstr 5,NO E51, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM willem.vanwestrenen@erdw.ethz.ch RI Fei, Yingwei/F-3709-2011; van Westrenen, Wim/D-6495-2012; Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Frank, Mark/E-6331-2015 OI Fei, Yingwei/0000-0001-9955-5353; Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 18 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 763RV UT WOS:000188115000023 ER PT J AU Walker, D Verma, PK Cranswick, LMD Jones, RL Clark, SM Buhre, S AF Walker, D Verma, PK Cranswick, LMD Jones, RL Clark, SM Buhre, S TI Halite-sylvite thermoelasticity SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-HALIDES; HIGH-PRESSURES; STATE; DECOMPOSITION; EQUATIONS; VOLUME; NACL; KCL AB Unit-cell volumes of four single-phase intermediate halite-sylvite solid solutions have been measured to pressures and temperatures of similar to28 kbar and similar to700 degreesC. Equation-of-state fitting of the data yields thermal expansion and compressibility as a function of composition across the chloride series. The variation of the product alpha(0)(.)K(0) is linear (ideal) in composition between the accepted values for halite and sylvite. Taken separately, the individual values of alpha(0) and K-0 are not linear in composition. alpha(0) shows a maximum near the consolute composition (X-NaCl = 0.64) that exceeds the value for either end-member. There is a corresponding minimum in K-0. The fact that the alpha(0)(.)K(0) product is variable (and incidentally so well behaved as to be linear across the composition series) reinforces the significance of the complementary maxima and minima in alpha(0) and K-0 (significantly, near the consolute composition). These extrema in alpha(0) and K-0 provide an example of intermediate properties that do not follow simply from values for the end-members. Cell volumes across this series show small, well-behaved positive excesses, consistent with K-Na substitution causing defects through lattice mismatches. Barrett and Wallace (1954) showed maximum defect concentrations in the consolute region. Defect-riddled, weakened structures in the consolute region are more easily compressed or more easily thermally expanded, providing an explanation for our observed alpha(0) and K-0 variations. These compliant, loosened lattices should resist diffusive transfer less than non-defective crystals and, hence, might be expected to show higher diffusivities. Tracer diffusion rates are predicted to peak across the consolute region as exchange diffusion rates drop to zero. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Delhi, Dept Geol, Delhi 110007, India. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Crystallog, London WC1E 7HX, England. Daresbury Lab, MSL, CLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Mineral, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Walker, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM dwalker@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 89 IS 1 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 763RV UT WOS:000188115000024 ER PT S AU Kramer, MI Sordelet, DJ AF Kramer, MI Sordelet, DJ BE Busch, R Hufnagel, TC Eckert, J Inoue, A Johnson, WL Yavari, AR TI Metastable states during devitrification of a Zr70Pd20Cu10 metallic glass SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metals held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; X-RAY; ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; NOBLE; PD AB High energy synchrotron x-rays (124.63 keV) are used to investigate the initial stages of the devitrification for the Zr70Pd20Cu10 metallic glass prepared by melt-spinning (MS). Due to the excellent signal:noise, we are able to determine the initial nucleating phase by analyzing the differences in the total scattering function S(Q) as a function of time at a temperature similar to 50 K below the crystallization temperature. The alloy undergoes a structural relaxation prior to nucleation and growth. Devitrification proceeds from nucleation of the icosahedral phase. The differential pair distribution function (dPDF) indicates that the as-quenched alloy may have icosahedral-like order which undergoes local rearrangement to true icosahedral order at an annealing temperature 50 K below the crystallization temperature. More importantly, time-resolved high-energy synchrotron is shown to have excellent sensitivity to the initial atomic rearrangements preceding nucleation in metallic glasses. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Met & Ceram Sci Program,Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Met & Ceram Sci Program,Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-744-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 806 BP 101 EP 111 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY87N UT WOS:000189484200013 ER PT S AU Rozhkova, EA Yang, XY Wheelock, PB Eckert, J Kuhn, U Sordelet, DJ AF Rozhkova, EA Yang, XY Wheelock, PB Eckert, J Kuhn, U Sordelet, DJ BE Busch, R Hufnagel, TC Eckert, J Inoue, A Johnson, WL Yavari, AR TI Formation of high-strength Zr-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al alloys by warm extrusion of gas atomized powders SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metals held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble ID GLASS MATRIX COMPOSITES; BULK METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; TUNGSTEN AB Recently developed Zr-based metallic glass composites containing a ductile phase demonstrate improved mechanical properties such as high strength combined with good ductility compared to the glass monoliths. Zr-Nb-Cu-Ni-Al amorphous powders with bee phase precipitates were obtained by high pressure gas atomization. Formation of the bee phase in the amorphous matrix strongly depends on the material composition and cooling rates during solidification. Melt spinning using various wheel speeds selected to simulate the cooling rates during gas atomization was used to define a specific composition for gas atomization. Gas atomized powders were consolidated by warm extrusion. Various processing conditions including starting powder particle size, extrusion temperature and extrusion ratio were examined to obtain materials having various microstructural features. Structure and thermal stability of consolidated bulk metallic glass composites as well as selected mechanical properties will be discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rozhkova, EA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-744-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 806 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY87N UT WOS:000189484200016 ER PT S AU Fuentes-Cabrera, M Nicholson, D Widom, M Wang, Y Mihalkovic, M AF Fuentes-Cabrera, M Nicholson, D Widom, M Wang, Y Mihalkovic, M BE Busch, R Hufnagel, TC Eckert, J Inoue, A Johnson, WL Yavari, AR TI Ab-initio study of the diffusion coefficients in Fe-based liquids SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metals held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; METALLIC GLASSES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB With atomistic force fields derived from ab-initio energies and atomic forces, we cooled Fe80B20 from the liquid to the glass state. The pair-distribution functions and the diffusion coefficients were used to characterize the structural changes that Fe80B20 underwent during the simulation. In the FeFe and FeB pair-distribution functions, when the temperature is lowered the first neighbor-peak becomes narrower and the second-neighbor peak splits at around 1000K. In the BB pair-distribution we observed that the first peak undergoes a significant change at the glass transition temperature, and that the first BB peak remains present at low temperatures. That the first BB peak exists at low temperature seems to contradict the prevailing view of the structure of transition metal-metalloid glasses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; Widom, Michael/P-2531-2014 OI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Widom, Michael/0000-0001-5972-5696 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-744-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 806 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY87N UT WOS:000189484200029 ER PT S AU Wright, WJ Dauskardt, RH Nix, WD AF Wright, WJ Dauskardt, RH Nix, WD BE Busch, R Hufnagel, TC Eckert, J Inoue, A Johnson, WL Yavari, AR TI The prospects for mechanical ratcheting of bulk metallic glasses SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Metals held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, USA Res Off, Def Adv Res Project Agcy, Natl Sci Fdn, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble AB The major mechanical shortcoming of metallic glasses is their limited ductility at room temperature. Monolithic metallic glasses sustain only a few percent plastic strain when subjected to uniaxial compression and essentially no plastic strain under tension. Here we describe a room temperature deformation process that may have the potential to overcome the limited ductility of monolithic metallic glasses and achieve large plastic strains. By subjecting a metallic glass sample to cyclic torsion, the glass is brought to the yield surface; the superposition of a small uniaxial stress (much smaller than the yield stress) should then produce increments in plastic strain along the tensile axis. This accumulation of strain during cyclic loading, commonly known as ratcheting, has been extensively investigated in stainless and carbon steel alloys, but has not been previously studied in metallic glasses. We have successfully demonstrated the application of this ratcheting technique of cyclic torsion with superimposed tension for polycrystalline Ti-6Al-4V. Our stability analyses indicate that the plastic deformation of materials exhibiting elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive behavior such as metallic glasses should be stable under cyclic torsion, however, results obtained thus far are inconclusive. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wright, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-744-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 806 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY87N UT WOS:000189484200046 ER PT S AU Gedvilas, LM Mahan, AH AF Gedvilas, LM Mahan, AH BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Identification of possible bonding sites for post deposition oxygen absorption in microcrystalline silicon SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; HYDROGEN; SURFACE; OXIDATION; FILM; FREQUENCIES; SI(100); SPECTRA AB Using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction, the nature of the grain boundaries in two muc-Si films deposited by hot wire CVD, displaying similar crystalline volume fractions but very different behavior upon exposure to atmospheric contaminants, is analyzed. For the film exhibiting significant post deposition oxidation, the IR spectrum in the 2100 cm(-1) Si-H stretch mode region contains two sharp and very narrow peaks, suggesting that the crystallites have been incorporated into the muc-Si films with their hydrogenated surfaces relatively intact. By comparing these peak frequencies to those in the literature for Si-H bonding on c-Si surfaces, we identify certain crystallite orientations which, when comprising the muc-Si grain boundaries, are particularly susceptible to oxidation. We further suggest that the distribution of H in this grain boundary/crystallite surface region is crucial for depositing muc-Si films with good electronic properties and minimal post deposition oxidation. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gedvilas, LM (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600009 ER PT S AU von Roedern, B AF von Roedern, B BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Are the current models helpful to understanding Staebler-Wronski degradation? SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID A-SI-H; SOLAR-CELLS; DEFECTS; RECOVERY AB This contribution reviews the compatibility of Staebler-Wronski models with experimental data and observations. The review will show that neither the "bond-breaking models" (originally proposed by Dersch and Stutzmarm) nor the "defect conversion" models (originally proposed by Adler) can explain all observations on films and/or solar cells. It has been well accepted for some time that experimental stress and recovery phenomena, both on films and devices, always identify both "slow" and "fast" degradation and recovery mechanisms. It is argued that the quintessential understanding of the Staebler-Wronski mechanisms will come from identifying a fundamental physical process that provides a quantitative understanding of the "coupling" between the slow and fast mechanisms. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP von Roedern, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600027 ER PT S AU Teplin, CW Levi, DH Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Jones, KM Branz, HM AF Teplin, CW Levi, DH Wang, Q Iwaniczko, E Jones, KM Branz, HM BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI In-situ observation of silicon epitaxy breakdown with real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; FILMS; GROWTH; SI(100) AB We use in-situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry to observe the breakdown of silicon epitaxy during growth by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) on Si (100) substrates. Representative data is presented for the two types of epitaxy breakdown that we have observed: 1) an immediate transition to hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), and 2) a slower transition where a-Si:H cones nucleate and grow until they eclipse further epitaxial growth. Simple models, consistent with transmission-electron and atomic-force micrographs, describe the evolution of both types of breakdown showing that real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry is a useful tool for monitoring the growth of epitaxial silicon. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600030 ER PT S AU Levi, DH Teplin, CW Iwaniczko, E Ahrenkiel, RK Branz, HM Page, MR Yan, Y Wang, Q Wang, TH AF Levi, DH Teplin, CW Iwaniczko, E Ahrenkiel, RK Branz, HM Page, MR Yan, Y Wang, Q Wang, TH BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Materials and interface optimization of heterojunction silicon (HIT) solar cells using in-situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have applied real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) as both an in-situ diagnostic and post-growth analysis tool for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)/crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) solar cells grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. RTSE enables precise thickness control of the 5 to 25 nm layers used in these devices, as well as monitoring crystallinity and surface roughness in real time. Utilizing RTSE feedback, but without extensive optimization, we have achieved a photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency of 14.1% on an Al-backed p-type Czochralski c-Si wafer coated with thin i and n layers on the front. Open-circuit voltages above 620 mV indicate effective passivation of the c-Si surface by the a-Si:H intrinsic layer. Lifetime measurements using resonant coupled photoconductive decay indicate that surface recombination velocities can approach 1 cm/s. RTSE and transmission electron microscopy show that the intrinsic a-Si:H i-layers grow as a mixture of amorphous and nano-crystalline silicon. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600035 ER PT S AU Mahan, AH Xu, Y Gedvilas, LM AF Mahan, AH Xu, Y Gedvilas, LM BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Deposition of optimal a-Si : H and a-SiGe : H by HWCVD using the same filament temperature and substrate temperature SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CONTENT AMORPHOUS-SILICON; QUALITY; FILMS AB The incorporation of high Ge content a-SiGe:H into a low bandgap solar cell device commonly involves the use of bandgap (Ge) profiling. In previous work using the hot wire (HWCVD) technique, device quality low bandgap (E-Tauc = 1.25eV) a-SiGe:H films were deposited at low T-sub (similar to200-250degreesC) using a thin (0.38 mm diameter) W filament operating at T-fil similar to1750-1800degreesC. The film Ge contents were similar to55-70 at.%. However, higher bandgap films containing little or no Ge and deposited under the same low temperature (T-sub,T-fil) conditions were of decidedly inferior quality to those deposited using higher temperatures (T(fil)similar to2000degreesC, T(sub)similar to360degreesC). Although a single junction n-i-p solar cell with an efficiency similar to5.85% was fabricated using these materials, it was clear that our best 'end point' materials were not used in this device. In addition, W filament alloying at this low T, severely limits film reproducibility and filament lifetime. This work explores deposition of device quality low bandgap a-SiGe:H and (high bandgap) a-Si:H, both at the same low T-sub, using a tantalum (Ta) filament operating at low T-fil. Film material properties are presented. C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 407 EP 412 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600060 ER PT S AU Hu, J Stradins, P Branz, HM Wang, Q AF Hu, J Stradins, P Branz, HM Wang, Q BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Increase of temperature and crystallinity during electrical switching in microcrystalline silicon SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB We investigate electrical stressing and switching in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (muc-Si:H) by thermal, and optical and electrical measurements of Cr/muc-Si:H/metal thin-film structures. Boron-doped microcrystalline Si films of 30-50 nm thick are deposited by hotwire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) on Cr-coated glass at 160degreesC and contacted with Ag or Al. Switching in devices of size 5 to 30 mum is stimulated by a current-ramp from 10 nA to 50 mA. We find that the voltage across the muc-Si:H devices initially increases logarithmically with current, then saturates at 2-3 V, and finally drops to a low value of 1 to 1.5 V. This drop indicates a permanent decrease of device resistance to below 1 kOmega. During current stressing, the surface temperature increases with the bias current, and the surface reflectivity changes. After switching, a small increase in crystalline fraction can be observed by micro-Raman scattering measurements. The observations suggest electrothermal processes which cause changes in microstructure of the muc-Si bulk during current stress. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hu, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600068 ER PT S AU Stradins, P Branz, HM Jackson, WB Crandall, RS Hu, J Wang, Q AF Stradins, P Branz, HM Jackson, WB Crandall, RS Hu, J Wang, Q BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Threshold voltage and field for metal filament formation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Electrical switching due to metallic filament formation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is studied in metal/a-Si:H/metal structures. We examine the effects of a-Si:H switch layer thickness, applied voltage and polarity, metal contact material, and contact interface properties. For switching, the voltage applied to the contacts must be large enough to establish: 1) a minimum threshold voltage of about 2V at the contacts and 2) a bias field of about 1 MV/cm in the bulk. Changing contact material and polarity strongly affects the switching behavior. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stradins, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600069 ER PT S AU Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Wang, Q Al-Jassim, MM Yan, B Yang, J Guha, S AF Jiang, CS Moutinho, HR Wang, Q Al-Jassim, MM Yan, B Yang, J Guha, S BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Measurement of the electric potential on amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon germanium alloy thin-film solar cells by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We report on direct measurements of surface potentials on cross sections of a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H n-i-p solar cells using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. External bias voltage (V-b) induced changes in the electric field distributions in the i layer were further deduced by taking the derivative of the V-b-induced potential changes. This procedure avoids the effect of surface charges or surface Fermi-level pinning on the potential measurement. We found that the electric field does not distribute uniformly through the i layer of a-Si:H cells, but it is stronger in the regions near the n and p layers than in the middle of the i layer. The non-uniformity is reduced by incorporating buffer layers at the n/i and i/p interfaces in the a-Si:H solar cells. For a-SiGe:H solar cells, the electric field at the p side of the i layer is much stronger than at the n side and the middle. The non-uniformity becomes more severe when a profiled Ge content is incorporated with a high Ge content on the p side. We speculate that the increase in defect density with increasing of Ge content causes charge accumulation at the i/p interface. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600085 ER PT S AU Xu, YQ Yan, BJ Nelson, BP Iwaniczko, E Reedy, RC Mahan, AH Branz, H AF Xu, YQ Yan, BJ Nelson, BP Iwaniczko, E Reedy, RC Mahan, AH Branz, H BE Ganguly, G Kondo, M Schiff, EA Carius, R Biswas, R TI Devices fabrication with narrow-bandgap a-SiGe : H alloys deposited by HWCVD SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY- 2004 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Silicon Science and Technology held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; GAP AB We incorporate narrow-gap amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe:H) alloys grown by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) into single-junction n-i-p solar cells, and improve both fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (V-oc) by bandgap grading. The Tauc bandgap (E-T) of the a-SiGe:H is as low as about 1.25 eV. Previously [1], we obtained a short-circuit current density (J(sc)) up to 20 mA/cm(2) in an n-i-p device incorporating an ungraded 120-nm i-layer of 1.25-eV a-SiGe:H. However, without buffer layers or bandgap profiling, the fill factor was only 38%, likely due to an abrupt bandgap transition and poor hole collection. To overcome these problems, we have used composition bandgap profiling throughout the i-layer and improved both V-oc and FF significantly without any J(sc) loss. The solar cell efficiency is improved from 3.55% to 5.85% and V-oc rises from 0.475 to 0.550 eV. This improved single-junction a-SiGe:H solar cell has a quantum efficiency of about 48% at lambda=800 nm and about 15% at lambda=900 nm. We present details of the bandgap profiling and its effect on device performance. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Xu, YQ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-758-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 808 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BBA57 UT WOS:000224411600090 ER PT J AU Olazabal, V Prasad, L Stark, P Olivares, JA AF Olazabal, V Prasad, L Stark, P Olivares, JA TI Application of wavelet transforms and an approximate deconvolution method for the resolution of noisy overlapped peaks in DNA capillary electrophoresis SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID FOURIER SELF-DECONVOLUTION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION; CHROMATOGRAPHIC PEAKS; INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; SHRINKAGE; SPECTRA; REPRESENTATION; CHEMISTRY; BANDS AB A new procedure for resolving noisy overlapped peaks in DNA separations by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is developed. The procedure combines both a wavelet-based denoising method that effectively denoises the signal and a novel approximate deconvolution technique that resolves the fragment peaks and improves the ability to separate highly overlapped peaks early in the electrophoresis process. Different kinds of overlapped peaks with and without noise simulated by computer as well as some DNA experimental electropherograms were submitted to the new procedure. A second order differential operator with variable coefficients is applied to the entire electrophoresis signal at any given time and approximate deconvolutions of the individual Gaussian peaks are performed. The operator incorporates the effect of the superposition and gives exact annihilation in the neighborhood of each peak. Overlapped peaks with a resolution higher than 0.46 can be resolved directly. Also, the method can determine the peak components of signals with a signal to noise ratio higher than 1.4. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olivares, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2004 VL 129 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1039/b312516p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 759ZN UT WOS:000187784900014 PM 14737587 ER PT J AU Eiceman, GA Krylov, EV Tadjikov, B Ewing, RG Nazarov, EG Miller, RA AF Eiceman, GA Krylov, EV Tadjikov, B Ewing, RG Nazarov, EG Miller, RA TI Differential mobility spectrometry of chlorocarbons with a micro-fabricated drift tube SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTOR; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; CORONA DISCHARGE; AMBIENT AIR; IONS; ANALYZER AB Chlorocarbons were ionized through gas phase chemistry at ambient pressure in air and resultant ions were characterized using a micro-fabricated drift tube with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Positive and negative product ions were characterized simultaneously in a single drift tube equipped with a 3 mCi Ni-63 ion source at 50 degreesC and drift gas of air with 1 ppm moisture. Scans of compensation voltage for most chlorocarbons produced differential mobility spectra with Cl- as the sole product ion and a few chlorocarbons produced adduct ions, M. Cl-. Detection limits were similar to 20-80 pg for gas chromatography-DMS measurements. Chlorocarbons also yielded positive ions through chemical ionization in air and differential mobility spectra showed peaks with characteristic compensation voltages for each substance. Field dependence of mobility was determined for positive and negative ions of each substance and confirmed characteristic behavior for each ion. A DMS analyzer with a membrane inlet was used to continuously monitor effluent from columns of bentonite or synthetic silica beads to determine breakthrough volumes of individual chlorocarbons. These findings suggest a potential of DMS for monitoring subsurface environments either on site or perhaps in situ. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Sionex Corp Inc, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Eiceman, GA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 35 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2004 VL 129 IS 4 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1039/b316326a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 806EJ UT WOS:000220416900005 PM 15042159 ER PT J AU Cheng, Q Zhu, SM Song, J Zhang, N AF Cheng, Q Zhu, SM Song, J Zhang, N TI Functional lipid microstructures immobilized on a gold electrode for voltammetric biosensing of cholera toxin SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CHROMATIC TRANSITION; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; LIPOSOMES; GANGLIOSIDE; BINDING; ENTEROTOXIN; MORPHOLOGY; RECEPTORS; VESICLES AB Redox functionalized microstructures of diacetylene lipids containing cell surface ligand GM1 have been prepared for the construction of an electrochemical biosensor for cholera toxin from Vibrio cholerae. Incorporation of lipid molecules with disulfide functionality into the microstructures allows for firm attachment of the microstructures on a gold surface to form a sensing interface. The observed morphology of the microstructures is platelet, with size around 240 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical response stems from electron transfer between the electrode and the redox sites on the microstructures, and the Faradaic current is influenced by the binding events of protein toxins to the ligands displayed on the crystalline surface. Electrochemical characterization indicates that electron transfer of surface ferrocene on the gold electrode is facile. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to measure the current magnitude as a function of toxin concentration, and a working range expanding from 1.0 X 10(-8) to 5.0 X 10(-7) M was obtained. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a control agent with which no interference to Faradaic response was found in the same concentration range. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the morphology and distribution of microstructures on the gold surface. The effectiveness of the design for bypassing surface fouling of proteins in electrochemical detection has been demonstrated, and a binding regulated electron hopping mechanism for the observed electrochemical behavior has been proposed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cheng, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Cheng, Jason/C-6345-2011 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2004 VL 129 IS 4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1039/b315656g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 806EJ UT WOS:000220416900007 PM 15042161 ER PT J AU Pandey, S Fletcher, KA Baker, SN Baker, GA AF Pandey, S Fletcher, KA Baker, SN Baker, GA TI Correlation between the fluorescent response of microfluidity probes and the water content and viscosity of ionic liquid and water mixtures SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; PLUS ETHANOL; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); BINARY-MIXTURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; PYRENE; BEHAVIOR; DIFFUSION AB Accurate data on transport properties such as viscosity are essential in plant and process design involving ionic liquids. In this study, we determined the absolute viscosity of the ionic liquid + water system at water mole fractions from 0 to 0.25 for three 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis( trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis( trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide. In each case, the excimer to monomer ratio for 1, m-bis(1-pyrenyl) alkanes ( m = 3 or 10) was found to increase linearly with the mole fraction of water. Of the probes studied only PRODAN and rhodamine 6G, both of which have the ability to participate in hydrogen bonding, exhibited Perrin hydrodynamic behavior in the lower viscosity bis( trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imides. As a result, these probes allow for the extrapolation of the absolute viscosity of the ionic liquid mixture from the experimental fluorescence steady-state polarization values. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pandey, S (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM pandey@nmt.edu RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 46 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2004 VL 129 IS 7 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1039/b402145m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 831NX UT WOS:000222202300003 PM 15213820 ER PT J AU Baker, GA Pandey, S Pandey, S Baker, SN AF Baker, GA Pandey, S Pandey, S Baker, SN TI A new class of cationic surfactants inspired by N-alkyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium ionic liquids SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; PYRENE; PROBES; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURES; SYSTEMS AB A series of N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium halide salts have been synthesized and investigated as potentially useful and tunable detergents for a variety of applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, New Delhi 110016, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gabaker@lanl.gov RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 17 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2004 VL 129 IS 10 BP 890 EP 892 DI 10.1039/b410301g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 858EW UT WOS:000224174300007 PM 15457317 ER PT J AU Kaiser, J Park, S Boering, KA Brenninkmeijer, CAM Hilkert, A Rockmann, T AF Kaiser, J Park, S Boering, KA Brenninkmeijer, CAM Hilkert, A Rockmann, T TI Mass spectrometric method for the absolute calibration of the intramolecular nitrogen isotope distribution in nitrous oxide SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; isotopic composition; absolute position-dependent calibration; intramolecular nitrogen isotope ratios; isotope ratio mass spectrometry ID N2O ISOTOPOMERS; SITE PREFERENCE; CARBON DIOXIDE; FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN; STRATOSPHERE; ABUNDANCES; RATIOS; VALUES; BUDGET AB A mass spectrometric method to determine the absolute intramolecular (position-dependent) nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrous oxide (N2O) has been developed. It is based on the addition of different amounts of doubly labeled (N2O)-N-15 to an N2O sample of the isotope ratio mass spectrometer reference gas, and subsequent measurement of the relative ion current ratios of species with mass 30, 31, 44, 45, and 46. All relevant quantities are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometers, which means that the machines' inherent high precision of the order of 10(-5) can be fully exploited. External determination of dilution factors with generally lower precision is avoided. The method itself can be implemented within a day, but a calibration of the oxygen and average nitrogen isotope ratios relative to a primary isotopic reference material of known absolute isotopic composition has to be performed separately. The underlying theoretical framework is explored in depth. The effect of interferences due to (NNO)-N-14-N-15-O-16 and (NNO)-N-15-N-14-O-16 in the (N2O)-N-15 sample and due to (15)N2+ formation are fully accounted for in the calculation of the final position-dependent nitrogen isotope ratios. Considering all known statistical uncertainties of measured quantities and absolute isotope ratios of primary isotopic reference materials, we achieve an overall uncertainty of 0.9% (1sigma). Using tropospheric N2O as common reference point for intercomparison purposes, we find a substantially higher relative enrichment of N-15 at the central nitrogen atom over N-15 at the terminal nitrogen atom than measured previously for tropospheric N2O based on a chemical conversion method: 46.3+/-1.4% as opposed to 18.7+/-2.2%. However, our method depends critically on the absolute isotope ratios of the primary isotopic reference materials air-N-2 and VSMOW. If they are systematically wrong, our estimates will also necessarily be incorrect. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Nucl Phys, Atmospher Phys Div, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Thermo Finnigan MAT, Bremen, Germany. RP Kaiser, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Washington Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kaiser@princeton.edu RI Kaiser, Jan/D-3327-2009; Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015 OI Kaiser, Jan/0000-0002-1553-4043; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 378 IS 2 BP 256 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2233-2 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 763QV UT WOS:000188112700006 PM 14569420 ER PT J AU Shen, Y Tolic, N Masselon, C Pasa-Tolic, L Camp, DG Hixson, KK Zhao, R Anderson, GA Smith, RD AF Shen, Y Tolic, N Masselon, C Pasa-Tolic, L Camp, DG Hixson, KK Zhao, R Anderson, GA Smith, RD TI Ultrasensitive proteomics using high-efficiency on-line micro-SPE-NanoLC-NanoESI MS and MS/MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ACCURATE MASS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; ATTOMOLE LEVEL; YEAST PROTEOME; PEPTIDE AB Ultrasensitive nanoscale proteomics approaches for characterizing proteins from complex proteomic samples of <50 ng of total mass are described. Protein identifications from 0.5 pg of whole proteome extracts were enabled by ultrahigh sensitivity (<75 zmol for individual proteins) achieved using high-efficiency (peak capacities of similar to10(3)) 15-mum-i.d. capillary liquid chromatography separations (i.e., using nanoLC, similar to20 nL/min mobile-phase flow rate at the optimal linear velocity of similar to0.2 cm/s) coupled on-line with a micro-solid-phase sample extraction and a nanoscale electrospray ionization interface to a 11.4-T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer (MS). Proteome measurement coverage improved as sample size was increased from as little as 0.5 pg of sample. It was found that a 2.5-ng sample provided 14% coverage of all annotated open reading frames for the microorganism Deinococcus radiodurans, consistent with previous results for a specific culture condition. The estimated detection dynamic range for detected proteins was 10(5)-10(6). An improved accurate mass and LC elution time two-dimensional data analysis methodology, used to both speed and increase the confidence of peptide/protein identifications, enabled identification of 872 proteins/run from a single 3-h nanoLC/ FTICR MS analysis. The low-zeptomole-level sensitivity provides a basis for extending proteomics studies to smaller cell populations and potentially to a single mammalian cell. Application with ion trap MS/MS instrumentation allowed protein identification from 50 pg (total mass) of proteomic samples (i.e., similar to100 times larger than FTICR MS), corresponding to a sensitivity of similar to7 amol for individual proteins. Compared with single-stage FTICR measurements, ion trap MS/MS provided a much lower proteome measurement coverage and dynamic range for a given analysis time and sample quantity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 86340]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR 18522] NR 48 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 1 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1021/ac030096q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 760HT UT WOS:000187806100024 PM 14697044 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Zhou, DM Stanley, BJ Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Zhou, DM Stanley, BJ Guiochon, G TI Heterogeneous adsorption of 1-indanol on cellulose tribenzoate and adsorption energy distribution of the two enantiomers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION METHOD; PROPRANOLOL ENANTIOMERS; IMMOBILIZED CELLULASE; STATIONARY PHASES; BETA-BLOCKERS; BAND PROFILES; BEHAVIOR; 1-PHENYL-1-PROPANOL; SEPARATION; SELECTOR AB The distributions of the adsorption energies (AED) of two enantiomers, (R)-1-indanol and (S)-1-indanol, on a chiral stationary phase were measured and the results are discussed. The chiral phase used is made of cellulose tribenzoate coated on porous silica. The AEDs were determined using the expectation maximization method, a numerical method that uses directly the raw experimental isotherm data, inverts this set of data into an AED, and introduces no arbitrary information in the calculation. However, it uses the Langmuir equation as the local isotherm. The experimental data fit very well to the bi-Langmuir isotherm model for the more retained enantiomer. Our results show that the AEDs of these two enantiomers have no energy modes that would be identical (same mean energy, mode profile, and mode area), in contrast to numerous cases previously studied, e.g., that of the beta-blockers on a Cel7A column. This indicates a significantly different retention mechanism. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Chem, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 1 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1021/ac030174+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 760HT UT WOS:000187806100031 PM 14697051 ER PT J AU Cammack, JK Amouri, H Leonard, PW Myrabo, RL Vollhardt, KPC AF Cammack, JK Amouri, H Leonard, PW Myrabo, RL Vollhardt, KPC TI Electron exchange along the tercyclopentadienyltrimetallic scaffold: Kinetics, equilibria, and bond strengths SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; CARBONYL ANIONS; DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; MO; TUNGSTEN; DIMERS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTITUTION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpcv@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1393 EP 1397 DI 10.1002/anie.200352479 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 803YI UT WOS:000220266000020 PM 15368415 ER PT J AU Long, DL Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Long, DL Kogerler, P Cronin, L TI Old clusters with new tricks: Engineering S center dot center dot center dot S interactions and novel physical properties in sulfite-based dawson clusters SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; host-guest systems; molybdenum; polyoxometalates; thermochromism ID MONONUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM ENZYMES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANIONS; 18-MOLYBDOPYROPHOSPHATE; POLYOXOMOLYBDATES; COMPLEXES; PROTONS C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Long, Deliang/C-3500-2011; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 35 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 14 BP 1817 EP 1820 DI 10.1002/anie.200352896 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 809TG UT WOS:000220658400009 PM 15054783 ER PT J AU McLain, SE Benmore, CJ Siewenie, JE Urquidi, J Turner, JEC AF McLain, SE Benmore, CJ Siewenie, JE Urquidi, J Turner, JEC TI On the structure of liquid hydrogen fluoride SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE fluorides; neutron diffraction; X-ray diffraction ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ORIENTATIONAL CORRELATIONS; DISORDERED MATERIALS; DEUTERIUM FLUORIDE; POTENTIAL MODEL; SCATTERING; HF; CHEMISTRY C1 Univ Tennessee, Neutron Sci Consortium, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Turner, JEC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Neutron Sci Consortium, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jturner@atom.chem.utk.edu OI McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 48 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 15 BP 1952 EP 1955 DI 10.1002/anie.200353289 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 813BP UT WOS:000220882900004 PM 15065271 ER PT J AU Hardman, NJ Abrams, MB Pribisko, MA Gilbert, TM Martin, RL Kubas, GJ Baker, RT AF Hardman, NJ Abrams, MB Pribisko, MA Gilbert, TM Martin, RL Kubas, GJ Baker, RT TI Molecular and electronic structure of platinum bis(N-arylamino)phosphenium complexes including [Pt(phosphane)(phosphenium)(N-heterocyclic carbene)] SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE heterocycles; N-heterocyclic carbenes; P ligands; platinum ID H BOND ACTIVATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DIIMINE AQUA COMPLEX; PI-ACCEPTOR LIGANDS; MILD CONDITIONS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON ACTIVATION; HOMOGENEOUS CONVERSION; CATALYTIC ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORUS-COMPOUNDS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Martin, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rlm@t12.lanl.gov; kubas@lanl.gov; bakertom@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 15 BP 1955 EP 1958 DI 10.1002/anie.200352326 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 813BP UT WOS:000220882900005 PM 15065272 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Andrews, L Li, J Bursten, BE AF Wang, XF Andrews, L Li, J Bursten, BE TI Significant interactions between uranium and noble-gas atoms: Coordination of the UO2+ cation by Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; IR spectroscopy; noble gases; uranium ID ENERGY-ADJUSTED PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; SOLID NEON; ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS; CUO MOLECULE; 4 COMPLEXES; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; CUO(NG)(N) NG; ARGON; IONS C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Andrews, L (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, McCormick Rd,POB 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM lsa@virginia.edu; jun.li@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 28 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 19 BP 2554 EP 2557 DI 10.1002/anie.200453790 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 819IC UT WOS:000221307600021 PM 15127451 ER PT J AU Tang, RK Wang, LJ Orme, CA Bonstein, T Bush, PJ Nancollas, GH AF Tang, RK Wang, LJ Orme, CA Bonstein, T Bush, PJ Nancollas, GH TI Dissolution at the nanoscale: Self-preservation of biominerals SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE apatites; bioinorganic; biomineralization; enamel; nanostructures ID CRYSTAL DISSOLUTION; CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; IN-VITRO; MODEL; MINERALIZATION; KINETICS; SURFACE C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Dent Med, Instrumentat Ctr, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Nancollas, GH (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ghn@buffalo.edu RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE03223] NR 29 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 20 BP 2697 EP 2701 DI 10.1002/anie.200353652 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 822OD UT WOS:000221548600020 PM 18629994 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Bonhomme, F Alam, TM Parise, JB Vaughan, GMB AF Nyman, M Bonhomme, F Alam, TM Parise, JB Vaughan, GMB TI [SiNb12O40](16-) and [GeNb12O40](16-): Highly charged Keggin ions with sticky surfaces SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal synthesis; niobium; NMR spectroscopy; polyanions; polyoxometalates ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTON SITES; MAS NMR; H3PW12O40; CATALYSIS; SOLIDS; SI-29; ACID C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Mat Sci, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov RI Vaughan, Gavin/B-1479-2010 NR 30 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 21 BP 2787 EP 2792 DI 10.1002/anie.200353410 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 824WS UT WOS:000221718500008 PM 15150750 ER PT J AU Chen, LX AF Chen, LX TI Taking snapshots of photoexcited molecules in disordered media by using pulsed synchrotron X-rays SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Review DE excited-state structures; laser spectroscopy; synchrotron radiation; X-ray adsorption spectroscopy ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOACTIVE YELLOW PROTEIN; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; BENT LAUE ANALYZER; EXCITED-STATE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lchen@anl.gov NR 218 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 22 BP 2886 EP 2905 DI 10.1002/anie.200300596 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 826LD UT WOS:000221829700002 PM 15170299 ER PT J AU Linic, S Piao, H Adib, K Barteau, MA AF Linic, S Piao, H Adib, K Barteau, MA TI Ethylene epoxidation on Ag: Identification of the crucial surface intermediate by experimental and theoretical investigation of its electronic structure SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; ethylene oxide; heterogeneous catalysis; silver; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SILVER; OXIDATION; OXAMETALLACYCLES; APPROXIMATION; OLEFINS; ENERGY C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, CCST, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Barteau, MA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, CCST, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM barteau@che.udel.edu RI Barteau, Mark/A-4728-2008 NR 14 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 22 BP 2918 EP 2921 DI 10.1002/anie.200353584 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 826LD UT WOS:000221829700006 PM 15170303 ER PT J AU Kumaraswamy, S Jalsatgi, SS Matzger, AJ Miljanic, OS Vollhardt, KPC AF Kumaraswamy, S Jalsatgi, SS Matzger, AJ Miljanic, OS Vollhardt, KPC TI Anatomy of a cyclohexatriene: Chemical dissection of the pi and sigma frame of angular [3]phenylene SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE aromaticity; C-C activation; cleavage reactions; cycloaddition; cyclophanes ID CATALYZED CYCLOISOMERIZATION; CONDUCTING POLYMER; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; SINGLET OXYGEN; BIPHENYLENE; 1ST; RING; TRIS(BENZOCYCLOBUTADIENO)BENZENE; HEXAETHYNYLBENZENE; HYDROGENATION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vollhardt, KPC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kpcv@berkeley.edu RI Matzger, Adam/G-7497-2016 OI Matzger, Adam/0000-0002-4926-2752 NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 28 BP 3711 EP 3715 DI 10.1002/anie.200454126 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 839OE UT WOS:000222793600018 PM 15248280 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Hartline, EL Montoya, DP Gilardi, R AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Hartline, EL Montoya, DP Gilardi, R TI Polyazido high-nitrogen compounds: Hydrazo- and azo-1,3,5-triazine SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; explosives; heat of formation; high energy-density materials (HEDM); nitrogen ID STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ENERGETIC MATERIAL; AZIDE; TE(N-3)(4) C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam Grp, Dynam Expt Div, DX-2,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov; hiskey@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 191 Z9 222 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 37 BP 4924 EP 4928 DI 10.1002/anie.200460366 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 857TE UT WOS:000224140400022 PM 15372562 ER PT J AU Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Archuleta, JG Roemer, EL Gilardi, R AF Huynh, MHV Hiskey, MA Archuleta, JG Roemer, EL Gilardi, R TI 3,6-di(azido)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: A precursor for the preparation of carbon nanospheres and nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE azides; carbon; nanostructures; nitrides; nitrogen ID MESOPHASE PITCH; CELL ATTACHMENT; MICROBEADS; DERIVATIVES; GRAPHITE; COATINGS; FIBER; NAPHTHALENE; DEPOSITION; TRIAZINE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Mat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Huynh, MHV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Mat Dynam Grp, POB 1663,MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM huynh@lanl.gov; hiskey@lanl.gov NR 51 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 42 BP 5658 EP 5661 DI 10.1002/anie.200460708 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 867JP UT WOS:000224839200020 PM 15495210 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Hong, KL Guiochon, GA Mays, JW Dai, S AF Liang, CD Hong, KL Guiochon, GA Mays, JW Dai, S TI Synthesis of a large-scale highly ordered porous carbon film by self-assembly of block copolymers SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; carbon; mesoporous materials; nanostructures; self-assembly ID NANOTUBE MEMBRANES; THIN-FILMS; ARRAYS; COMPOSITES; DEPOSITION; SILICA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Liang, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 NR 30 TC 495 Z9 512 U1 36 U2 320 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 43 BP 5785 EP 5789 DI 10.1002/anie.200461051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 872JS UT WOS:000225204100010 PM 15523736 ER PT J AU Li, M Ellern, A Espenson, JH AF Li, M Ellern, A Espenson, JH TI Phosphine-promoted conversion of oxo(dithiolato)rhenium(v) into thio(thiolatoalkyl)rhenium(v) compounds SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE C-S bond cleavage; P ligands; reaction mechanisms; rhenium; S ligands ID C-S BOND; OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; METHYLOXORHENIUM(V) COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; THIOLATE COMPLEXES; CLEAVAGE; LIGANDS; OXORHENIUM(V); REACTIVITY; RHENIUM(V) C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM espenson@iastate.edu NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 43 BP 5837 EP 5839 DI 10.1002/anie.200461060 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 872JS UT WOS:000225204100025 PM 15523709 ER PT J AU Chen, X Lee, GS Zettl, A Bertozzi, CR AF Chen, X Lee, GS Zettl, A Bertozzi, CR TI Biomimetic engineering of carbon nanotubes by using cell surface mucin mimics SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE biomimetic synthesis; bioorganic chemistry; glycoproteins; nanotubes ID FUNCTIONALIZATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; BIOLOGY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@socrates.berkeley.edu; crb@berkeley.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 19 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 45 BP 6111 EP 6116 DI 10.1002/anie.200460620 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 875TR UT WOS:000225445200005 PM 15549753 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Luo, HM Kou, R Gil, MP Xiao, SG Golub, VO Yang, ZZ Brinker, CJ Lu, YF AF Wang, DH Luo, HM Kou, R Gil, MP Xiao, SG Golub, VO Yang, ZZ Brinker, CJ Lu, YF TI A general route to macroscopic hierarchical 3D nanowire networks SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; magnetic properties; mesoporous materials; nanostructures; template synthesis ID LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE PHASES; MESOPOROUS SILICA; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ARRAYS; NANOPARTICLES; CARBON; FILMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; TEMPLATES C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Polymer Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Chem Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Tulane Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Polymer Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM yangzz@iccas.ac.cn; ylu@tulane.edu RI Golub, Vladimir/K-8647-2012; Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013; 杨, 振忠/B-5929-2015 OI Golub, Vladimir/0000-0002-7550-3978; Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510; NR 23 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 50 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 45 BP 6169 EP 6173 DI 10.1002/anie.200460535 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 875TR UT WOS:000225445200019 PM 15549745 ER PT J AU Lowery, TJ Rubin, SM Ruiz, EJ Pines, A Wemmer, DE AF Lowery, TJ Rubin, SM Ruiz, EJ Pines, A Wemmer, DE TI Design of a conformation-sensitive xenon-binding cavity in the ribose-binding protein SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE hydrophobic cavities; NMR spectroscopy; protein engineering; protein structures; xenon ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; XE-129 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-POLARIZED XENON; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYOGLOBIN; SOLIDS; SITES; PROBE C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2004 VL 43 IS 46 BP 6320 EP 6322 DI 10.1002/anie.200460629 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 877MV UT WOS:000225575600015 PM 15476190 ER PT J AU Fong, DD Thompson, C Streiffer, SK Eastman, JA Auciello, O Fuoss, PH Stephenson, GB AF Fong, DD Thompson, C Streiffer, SK Eastman, JA Auciello, O Fuoss, PH Stephenson, GB TI In situ synchrotron X-ray studies of PbTiO3 thin films SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics CY SEP 11-13, 2003 CL AUGSBAURG, GERMANY SP European Sci Fdn, VDI DE thin films; PbTiO3; chemical vapor deposition; ferroelectric phase transition; stripe domains ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SCATTERING AB We have used in situ synchrotron x-ray scattering to investigate PbTiO3 films grown epitaxially on SrTiO3 (001) substrates. When the films are cooled below a thickness-dependent Curie temperature, the ferroelectric phase forms as 180degrees stripe domains with a well-defined period. With further cooling, the period changes fairly abruptly from a lower to a higher value, suggesting a transition between two stripe domain phases. The periods of both stripe phases are observed to depend on the square root of film thickness, in agreement with theory. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Stephenson, GB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM stephenson@anl.gov RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265; Thompson, Carol/0000-0003-3832-4855 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-BERLIN JI Ann. Phys.-Berlin PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 13 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1002/andp.200310037 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 772ET UT WOS:000188828900005 ER PT J AU Zaharia, S Cheng, CZ Maezawa, K AF Zaharia, S Cheng, CZ Maezawa, K TI 3-D force-balanced magnetospheric configurations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics(magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ; magnetotail ; plasma sheet) ID MAGNETIC-FIELD MODELS; CENTRAL PLASMA SHEET; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; ANISOTROPIC PRESSURE; QUANTITATIVE MODELS; EULER POTENTIALS; CURRENT SYSTEMS; RING CURRENT; ION FLOW; MAGNETOTAIL AB The knowledge of plasma pressure is essential for many physics applications in the magnetosphere, such as computing magnetospheric currents and deriving magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. A thorough knowledge of the 3-D pressure distribution has, however, eluded the community, as most in situ pressure observations are either in the ionosphere or the equatorial region of the magnetosphere. With the assumption of pressure isotropy there have been attempts to obtain the pressure at different locations,by either (a) mapping observed data (e.g. in the ionosphere) along the field lines of an empirical magnetospheric field model, or (b) computing a pressure profile in the equatorial plane (in 2-D) or along the Sun-Earth axis (in 1-D) that is in force balance with the magnetic stresses of an empirical model. However, the pressure distributions obtained through these methods are not in force balance with the empirical magnetic field at all locations. In order to find a global 3-D plasma pressure distribution in force balance with the magnetospheric magnetic field. we have developed the MAG-3-D code that solves the 3-D force balance equation J x B = delP computationally. Our calculation is performed in a flux coordinate system in which the magnetic field is expressed in terms of Euler potentials as B delpsi x delalpha. The pressure distribution, P = P(psi, alpha), is prescribed in the equatorial plane and is based on satellite measurements. In addition, computational boundary conditions for psi surfaces are imposed using empirical field models. Our results provide 3-D distributions of macnetic field, plasma pressure, as well as parallel and transverse currents for both quiet-time and disturbed magnetospheric conditions. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Zaharia, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM szaharia@lanl.gov RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 251 EP 265 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 779BX UT WOS:000189276700018 ER PT J AU Hesse, M Birn, J AF Hesse, M Birn, J TI On the cessation of magnetic reconnection SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE space plasma physics; magnetic reconnection; numerical simulation studies; numerical simulation studies ID EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA SHEET; COLLISIONLESS RECONNECTION; PARTICLE SIMULATIONS; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; GROWTH-PHASE; FIELD; SUBSTORM; INSTABILITIES; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Kinetic simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection are used to study the effect on the reconnection rate of ion density enhancements in the inflow region. The goal of the investigation is to study a candidate mechanism for the slow-down of magnetic reconnection. The calculations involve either proton or oxygen additions in the inflow region, initially located at two distances from the current sheet. Protons are found to be much more tightly coupled into the evolution of the reconnecting system and, therefore, they effect an immediate slowdown of the reconnection process, as soon as the flux tubes they reside on become involved. Oxygen. on the other hand, has, within the limits of the calculations, a much less pronounced effect on the reconnection electric field. The difference is attributed to the lack of tight coupling to the magnetic field of the oxygen populations. Last, a study of proton and oxygen acceleration finds that protons respond primarily to the reconnection electric field, whereas the main oxygen electric field is achieved by Hall-type electric fields at the plasma sheet boundary. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hesse, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 696, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM michael.hesse@nasa.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 603 EP 612 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 780DL UT WOS:000189356400020 ER PT J AU Birn, J Thomsen, MF Hesse, M AF Birn, J Thomsen, MF Hesse, M TI Acceleration of oxygen ions in the dynamic magnetotail SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; energetic particles, trapped; magnetotail; storms and substorms ID DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; PLASMA SHEET; GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; FLUX ROPES; MHD FIELDS; INJECTIONS; SUBSTORMS; ORBITS; BURSTS AB The substorm-related acceleration and flux increases of energetic oxygen ions are studied on the basis of test particle orbits in the fields obtained from an MHD simulation of plasmoid formation and ejection and the collapse (dipolarization) of the inner tail. The simulated fluxes show large anisotropies and nongyrotropic effects, phase bunching and spatially and temporally localized beams. The energy distribution of O+ in the region of an earthward beam in the near tail becomes significantly harder, more pronounced than for protons, in qualitative agreement with observations. The simulation also shows tailward beams of energetic O+ ions closely associated with the passage of a plasmoid, both inside the plasma sheet boundary and inside the central plasma sheet, consistent with observations in the far tail. The acceleration at the near-Earth x-type neutral line produces a narrow duskward beam of energetic O+ in the duskward extension of the x-line, which was not found to be as pronounced in proton test particle simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1315 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817TI UT WOS:000221199400018 ER PT J AU Cargill, PJ Dunlop, MW Lavraud, B Elphic, RC Holland, DL Nykyri, K Balogh, A Dandouras, I Reme, H AF Cargill, PJ Dunlop, MW Lavraud, B Elphic, RC Holland, DL Nykyri, K Balogh, A Dandouras, I Reme, H TI CLUSTER encounters with the high altitude cusp: boundary structure and magnetic field depletions SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; space plasma physics; discontinuities ID HIGH-LATITUDE; NORTHWARD IMF; POLAR; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; INTERBALL; MODEL AB Data from the four spacecraft Cluster mission during a high altitude cusp crossing on 13 February 2001 are presented. The spacecraft configuration has one leading spacecraft, with the three trailing spacecraft lying in a plane that corresponds roughly to the nominal magnetopause surface. The typical spacecraft separation is approximately 600 km. The encounter occurs under conditions of strong and steady southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF). The cusp is identified as a seven-minute long depression in the magnetic field, associated with ion heating and a high abundance of He+. Cusp entry involves passage through a magnetopause boundary that has undergone very significant distortion from its nominal shape, is moving rapidly, and exhibits structure on scales of the order of the spacecraft separation or less. This boundary is associated with a rotation of the magnetic field, a normal field component, and a plasma flow into the cusp of approximately 35 km/s. However, it cannot be identified positively as a rotational discontinuity. Exit from the cusp into the lobe is through a boundary that is initially sharp, but then retreats tailward at a few km/s. As the leading spacecraft passes through this boundary, there is a plasma flow out of the cusp of approximately 30 km/s, suggesting that this is not a tangential discontinuity. A few minutes after exit from the cusp, the three trailing the spacecraft see a single cusp-like signature in the magnetic field. There is an associated temperature increase at two of the three trailing spacecraft. Timing measurements indicate that this is due to cusp-like regions detaching from the rear of the cusp boundary, and moving tailward. The magnetic field in the cusp is highly disordered, with no obvious relation between the four spacecraft, indicative of structure on scales < < 600 km. However, the plasma moments show only a gradual change over many minutes. A similar cusp crossing on 20 February 2001 also shows a field depression and highly dynamic boundaries. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Space Sci Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Illinois State Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, IL 61761 USA. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM p.cargill@ic.ac.uk OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118; Nykyri, Katariina/0000-0002-6905-9487 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1739 EP 1754 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MM UT WOS:000221114000027 ER PT J AU Birn, J Raeder, J Wang, YL Wolf, RA Hesse, M AF Birn, J Raeder, J Wang, YL Wolf, RA Hesse, M TI On the propagation of bubbles in the geomagnetic tail SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; magnetotail; plasma sheet ID BURSTY BULK FLOWS; PLASMA SHEET; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; AURORAL STREAMERS; MHD SIMULATIONS; FLUX TUBES; CONVECTION; FILAMENT; PRESSURE; DYNAMICS AB Using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the propagation of low-entropy magnetic flux tubes ("bubbles") in the magnetotail. Our simulations address fundamental properties of the propagation and dynamics of such flux tubes rather than the actual formation process. We find that the early evolution, after a sudden reduction of pressure and entropy on a localized flux tube, is governed by re-establishing the balance of the total pressure in the dawn-dusk and north-south directions through compression on a time scale less than about 20 s for the typical magnetotail. The compression returns the equatorial pressure to its original unperturbed value, due to the fact that the magnetic field contributes only little to the total pressure, while farther away from the equatorial plane the magnetic field compression dominates. As a consequence the pressure is no longer constant along a flux tube. The subsequent evolution is characterized by earthward propagation at speeds of the order of 200-400km/s, depending on the initial amount of depletion and the cross-tail extent of a bubble. Simple acceleration without depletion does not lead to significant earthward propagation. It hence seems that both the entropy reduction and the plasma acceleration play an important role in the generation of fast plasma flows and their propagation into the near tail. Earthward moving bubbles are found to be associated with field-aligned current systems, directed earthward on the dawnward edge and tailward on the duskward edge. This is consistent with current systems attributed to observed bursty bulk flows and their auroral effects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM birn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 20 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1786 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MM UT WOS:000221114000030 ER PT J AU Lavraud, B Fedorov, A Budnik, E Grigoriev, A Cargill, PJ Dunlop, MW Reme, H Dandouras, I Balogh, A AF Lavraud, B Fedorov, A Budnik, E Grigoriev, A Cargill, PJ Dunlop, MW Reme, H Dandouras, I Balogh, A TI Cluster survey of the high-altitude cusp properties: a three-year statistical study SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetosphere physics; magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; LOW-LATITUDE RECONNECTION; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; POLAR CUSP; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA; LOCATION; PRECIPITATION AB The global characteristics of the high-altitude cusp and its surrounding regions are investigated using a three-year statistical survey based on data obtained by the Cluster spacecraft. The analysis involves an elaborate orbit-sampling methodology that uses a model field and takes into account the actual solar wind conditions and level of geomagnetic activity. The spatial distribution of the magnetic field and various plasma parameters in the vicinity of the low magnetic field exterior cusp are determined and it is found that: 1) The magnetic field distribution shows the presence of an intermediate region between the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere: the exterior cusp, 2) This region is characterized by the presence of dense plasma of magnetosheath origin; a comparison with the Tsyganenko (1996) magnetic field model shows that it is diamagnetic in nature, 3) The spatial distributions show that three distinct boundaries with the lobes, the dayside plasma sheet and the magnetosheath surround the exterior cusp, 4) The external boundary with the magnetosheath has a sharp bulk velocity gradient, as well as a density decrease and temperature increase as one goes from the magnetosheath to the exterior cusp, 5) While the two inner boundaries form a funnel, the external boundary shows no clear indentation, 6) The plasma and magnetic pressure distributions suggest that the exterior cusp is in equilibrium with its surroundings in a statistical sense, and 7) A preliminary analysis of the bulk flow distributions suggests that the exterior cusp is stagnant under northward IMF conditions but convective under southward IMF conditions. C1 Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lavraud@lanl.gov OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 8 BP 3009 EP 3019 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862IJ UT WOS:000224483900030 ER PT J AU Lavraud, B Phan, TD Dunlop, MW Taylor, MGGT Cargill, PJ Bosqued, JM Dandouras, I Reme, H Sauvaud, JA Escoubet, CP Balogh, A Fazakerley, A AF Lavraud, B Phan, TD Dunlop, MW Taylor, MGGT Cargill, PJ Bosqued, JM Dandouras, I Reme, H Sauvaud, JA Escoubet, CP Balogh, A Fazakerley, A TI The exterior cusp and its boundary with the magnetosheath: Cluster multi-event analysis SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; HIGH-ALTITUDE CUSP; NORTHWARD IMF; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; AMPTE/IRM OBSERVATIONS; POLAR CUSP; RECONNECTION; PLASMA; MAGNETOSPHERE AB We report on the observation of three high-altitude cusp crossings by the Cluster spacecraft under steady northward IMF conditions. The focus of this study is on the exterior cusp and its boundaries. At the poleward edge of the cusp, large downward jets are present; they are characterized by a dawn-dusk component of the convection velocity opposite to the IMF B-y direction and a gradual evolution (velocity filter effect) corresponding to an injection site located at the high-latitude magnetopause tailward of the cusp, with subsequent sunward convection. As one moves from the poleward edge into the exterior cusp proper, the plasma gradually becomes stagnant as the result of the mirroring and scattering of the aforementioned plasma flows. The existence of such a stagnant region (Stagnant Exterior Cusp: SEC) is found in all events studied here even when the IMF B-y is large and the clock angle is similar to90degrees. The SEC-magnetosheath boundary appears as a spatial structure that has a normal component of the magnetic field pointing inward, in accordance with a probable connection between the region and the magnetosheath (with northward field). This boundary generally has a deHoffmann-Teller velocity that is slow and oriented sunward and downward, compatible with a discontinuity propagating from a location near the high-latitude magnetopause. Although the tangential stress balance is not always satisfied, the SEC-magnetosheath boundary is possibly a rotational discontinuity. Just outside this boundary, there exists a clear sub-Alfvenic plasma depletion layer (PDL). These results are all consistent with the existence of a nearly steady reconnection site at the high-latitude magnetopause tailward of the cusp. We suggest that the stability of the external discontinuity (and of the whole region) is maintained by the presence of the sub-Alfvenic PDL. However, examination of the electron data shows the presence of heated electrons propagating parallel to the magnetic field (upward) just outside of the SEC-magnetosheath boundary. This appears inconsistent with their source being the northern lobe reconnection site. Finally, the definition of the magnetopause at high latitudes is revisited. To define the SEC-magnetosheath boundary as the magnetopause would lead to the misnaming of the "exterior cusp". C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Estec, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking, Surrey, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM lavraud@lanl.gov OI Dandouras, Iannis/0000-0002-7121-1118 NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 8 BP 3039 EP 3054 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 862IJ UT WOS:000224483900033 ER PT J AU Taylor, MGGT Dunlop, MW Lavraud, B Vontrat-Reberac, A Owen, CJ Decreau, P Travnicek, P Elphic, RC Friedel, RHW Dewhurst, JP Wang, Y Fazakerley, A Balogh, A Reme, H Daly, PW AF Taylor, MGGT Dunlop, MW Lavraud, B Vontrat-Reberac, A Owen, CJ Decreau, P Travnicek, P Elphic, RC Friedel, RHW Dewhurst, JP Wang, Y Fazakerley, A Balogh, A Reme, H Daly, PW TI Cluster observations of a complex high-altitude cusp passage during A highly variable IMF SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetopause, cusp and boundary layers; solar wind-magnetospheric interactions; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC PARTICLE SPECTROMETER; HIGH-LATITUDE MAGNETOPAUSE; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTHWARD IMF; POLAR CUSP; SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; PEACE OBSERVATIONS AB On 26 February 2001, the Cluster spacecraft were outbound over the Northern Hemisphere, at approximately 12:00 MLT, approaching the magnetosheath through the high-altitude (and exterior) cusp region. Due to macroscopic motions of the cusp, the spacecraft made multiple entries into the exterior cusp region before exiting into the magnetosheath, presenting an excellent opportunity to utilize the four spacecraft techniques available to the Cluster mission. We present and compare 2 methods of 4-spacecraft boundary analysis, one using PEACE data and one using FGM data. The comparison shows reasonable agreement between the techniques, as well as the expected "single spacecraft" plasma and magnetic signatures when associated with propagated IMF conditions. However, during periods of highly radial IMF (predominantly negative B-X GSM), the 4-spacecraft boundary analysis reveals a dynamic and deformed cusp morphology. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Ctr Etud Environm Terr & Planetaires, Velizy Villacoublay, France. CNRS, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Duhm, Germany. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mggt@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Owen, Christopher/C-2999-2008; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Travnicek, Pavel/G-8608-2014 OI Owen, Christopher/0000-0002-5982-4667; Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3707 EP 3719 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 878JM UT WOS:000225643100030 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Raeder, J Russell, CT AF Wang, YL Raeder, J Russell, CT TI Plasma depletion layer: the role of the slow mode waves SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article ID LOW MAGNETIC SHEAR; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSHEATH FLOW; SUBSOLAR MAGNETOSHEATH; BOUNDARY; DYNAMICS AB The plasma depletion layer (PDL) is a layer on the sunward side of the magnetopause with lower plasma density and higher magnetic field compared to their corresponding values in the upstream magnetosheath. The depletion layer usually occurs during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions with low magnetic shear across the magnetopause. We have previously validated the Raeder global model by comparing the computed formation of a magnetosheath density depletion with in-situ observations. We also have performed a detailed force analysis and found the varying roles that different MHD forces play along the path of a plasma parcel flowing around the magnetopause. That study resulted in a new description of the behavior of magnetosheath magnetic flux tubes which better explains the plasma depletion along a flux tube. The slow mode waves have been observed in the magnetosheath and have been used to explain the formation of the PDL in some of the important PDL models. In this study, we extend our former work by investigating the possible role of the slow mode waves for the formation of the PDL, using global MHD model simulations. We propose a new technique to test where a possible slow mode front may occur in the magnetosheath by comparing the slow mode group velocity with the local flow velocity. We find that the slow mode fronts can exist in certain regions in the magnetosheath under certain solar wind conditions. The existence and location of such fronts clearly depend on the IMF. We do not see from our global simulation results either the sharpening of the slow mode front into a slow mode shock or noticeable changes of the flow and field in the magnetosheath across the slow mode front, which implies that the slow mode front is not likely responsible for the formation of the PDL, at least for the stable solar wind conditions used in these simulations. Also, we do not see the two-layered slow mode structures shown in some observations and proposed in certain PDL models. Instead, we see only a one-layered spatial PDL structure under the stable solar wind conditions used in this study. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Wang, YL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM ywang@lanl.gov OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4259 EP 4272 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100021 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Raeder, J Russell, CT AF Wang, YL Raeder, J Russell, CT TI Plasma depletion layer: its dependence on solar wind conditions and the Earth dipole tilt SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetosheath, solar wind-magnetosphere interactions; space plasma physics; numerical simulation studies ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; MAGNETOSHEATH FLOW; SUBSOLAR MAGNETOPAUSE; ISEE OBSERVATIONS; MODEL; BOUNDARY; EVENT AB The plasma depletion layer (PDL) is a layer on the sunward side of the magnetopause with lower plasma density and higher magnetic field compared to their corresponding upstream magnetosheath values. It is believed that the PDL is controlled jointly by conditions in the solar wind plasma and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). In this study, we extend our former model PDL studies by systematically investigating the dependence of the PDL and the slow mode front on solar wind conditions using global MHD simulations. We first point out the difficulties for the depletion factor method and the plasma method for defining the outer boundary of the plasma depletion layer. We propose to use the N/B ratio to define the PDL outer boundary, which can give the best description of flux tube depletion. We find a strong dependence of the magnetosheath environment on the solar wind magnetosonic Mach number. A difference between the stagnation point and the magnetopause derived from the open-closed magnetic field boundary is found. We also find a strong and complex dependence of the PDL and the slow mode front on the IMF B, A density structure right inside the subsolar magnetopause for higher IMF B, might be responsible for some of this dependence. Both the IMF tilt and clock angles are found to have little influence on the magnetosheath and the PDL structures. However, the IMF geometry has a much stronger influence on the slow mode fronts in the magnetosheath. Finally, the Earth dipole tilt is found to play a minor role for the magnetosheath geometry and the PDL along the Sun-Earth line. A complex slow mode front geometry is found for cases with different Earth dipole tilts. Comparisons between our results with those from some former studies are conducted, and consistencies and inconsistencies are found. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Wang, YL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM ywang@lanl.gov OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2004 VL 22 IS 12 BP 4273 EP 4290 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 894ZV UT WOS:000226831100022 ER PT J AU Difilippo, FC AF Difilippo, FC TI Neutronics and thermal effects of graphite foams in the performance of nuclear energy systems SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Procedures to produce light graphite foam (similar to0.5 g/cm(3)) that exhibits heat conductivities similar to full density graphite have been developed at ORNL. The consequent substantial reduction in the thermal inertia might have a significant impact in standard designs of graphite system and it could make possible new concepts. We discuss two possible applications: (a) a modular, zero burnup reactivity swing, reactor and (b) the pebble bed accelerator-driven transmutator. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Difilippo, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(03)00217-2 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 744ZE UT WOS:000186662100002 ER PT J AU Talamo, A Gudowski, W Venneri, F AF Talamo, A Gudowski, W Venneri, F TI The burnup capabilities of the deep burn modular helium reactor analyzed by the Monte Carlo continuous energy code MCB SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE; LAYER; LWR AB We have investigated the waste actinide burnup capabilities of a Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR, similar to the reactor being designed by General Atomics and Minatom for surplus weapons plutonium destruction) with the Monte Carlo Continuous Energy Burnup Code MCB, an extension of MCNP developed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and University of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow. The GT-MHR is a gas-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor, which can be powered with a wide variety of fuels, like thorium, uranium or plutonium. In the present work, the GT-MHR is fueled with the transuranic actinides contained in Light Water Reactors (LWRs) spent fuel for the purpose of destroying them as completely as possible with minimum reliance on multiple reprocessing steps. After uranium extraction from the LWR spent fuel (UREX), the remaining waste actinides, including plutonium are partitioned into two distinct types of fuel for use in the GT-MHR: Driver Fuel (DF) and Transmutation Fuel (TF). The DF supplies the neutrons to maintain the fission chain reaction, whereas the TF emphasizes neutron capture to induce a deep burn transmutation and provide reactivity control by a negative feedback. When used in this mode, the GT-MHR is called Deep Burn Modular Helium Reactor (DB-MHR). Both fuels are contained in a structure of triple isotropic coated layers, TRISO coating, which has been proven to retain fission products up to 1600 degreesC and is expected to remain intact for hundreds of thousands of years after irradiation. Other benefits of this reactor consist of. a well-developed technology, both for the graphite-moderated core and the TRISO structure, a high energy conversion efficiency (about 50%), well established passive safety mechanism and a competitive cost. The destruction of more than 94% of Pu-239 and the other geologically problematic actinide species makes this reactor a valid proposal for the reduction of nuclear waste and the prevention of proliferation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talamo, A (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Nucl & Reactor Phys, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. OI talamo, alberto/0000-0001-5685-0483 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 173 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(03)00213-5 PG 24 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 744ZE UT WOS:000186662100005 ER PT J AU Miao, JW Chapman, HN Kirz, J Sayre, D Hodgson, KO AF Miao, JW Chapman, HN Kirz, J Sayre, D Hodgson, KO TI Taking X-ray diffraction to the limit: Macromolecular structures from femtosecond X-ray pulses and diffraction microscopy of cells with synchrotron radiation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Review DE oversampling phasing method; iterative algorithms; diffraction microscopy; X-ray free electron lasers; single molecule imaging ID NON-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SYMMETRY; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; PHASE DETERMINATION; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; NONPERIODIC OBJECTS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ELECTRON; TRANSMISSION; RESOLUTION AB Recent work is extending the methodology of X-ray crystallography to the structure determination of noncrystalline specimens. The phase problem is solved using the oversampling method, which takes advantage of "continuous" diffraction patterns from noncrystalline specimens. Here we review the principle of this newly developed technique and discuss the ongoing experiments of imaging nonperiodic objects, such as cells and cellular structures, using coherent and bright X rays produced by third-generation synchrotron sources. In the longer run, the technique may be applicable to image single biomolecules using anticipated X-ray free electron lasers. Here, computer simulations have so far demonstrated two important steps: (a) by using an extremely intense femtosecond X-ray pulse, a diffraction pattern can be recorded from a macromolecule before radiation damage manifests itself; and (b) the phase information can be retrieved in an ab initio fashion from a set of calculated noisy diffraction patterns of single protein molecules. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Miao, JW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM miao@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; chapman9@llnl.gov; kirz@xray1.physics.sunysb.edu; sayre@xray1.physics.sunysb.edu; hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743 NR 80 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2004 VL 33 BP 157 EP 176 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.33.110502.140405 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 833LV UT WOS:000222339700010 PM 15139809 ER PT J AU Tinoco, I AF Tinoco, I TI Force as a useful variable in reactions: Unfolding RNA SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS AND BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Review DE single molecules; RNA thermodynamics; RNA kinetics; laser tweezers; biological macromolecules ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; MECHANICAL FORCE; DOUBLE HELIX; KINETIC BARRIERS; DNA; POLYMERASE; THERMODYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; MANIPULATION; TRANSITIONS AB The effect of force on the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions is described. The key parameters are the difference in end-to-end distance between reactant and product for thermodynamics, and the distance to the transition state for kinetics. I focus the review on experimental results on force unfolding of RNA. Methods to measure Gibbs free energies and kinetics for reversible and irreversible reactions are described. The use of the worm-like-chain model to calculate the effects of force on thermodynamics and kinetics is illustrated with simple models. The main purpose of the review is to describe the simple experiments that have been done so far, and to encourage more people to enter a field that is new and full of opportunities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tinoco, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Intinoco@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM010840, R01 GM010840-46, R01 GM010840-47] NR 60 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-8700 J9 ANNU REV BIOPH BIOM JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomolec. Struct. PY 2004 VL 33 BP 363 EP 385 DI 10.1146/annurev.biophys.33.110502.140418 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 833LV UT WOS:000222339700019 PM 15139818 ER PT J AU Tebo, BM Bargar, JR Clement, BG Dick, GJ Murray, KJ Parker, D Verity, R Webb, SM AF Tebo, BM Bargar, JR Clement, BG Dick, GJ Murray, KJ Parker, D Verity, R Webb, SM TI Biogenic manganese oxides: Properties and mechanisms of formation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE bacterial Mn(II) oxidation; delta-MnO2; birnessite; Mn bacteria; multicopper oxidase; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Mn minerals ID LEPTOTHRIX-DISCOPHORA SS-1; MICROBIALLY CATALYZED PATHWAY; METAL SORBED BIRNESSITE; SP STRAIN SG-1; SOIL FERROMANGANESE NODULES; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA GB-1; COPPER RESISTANCE GENES; MN OXIDATION-STATES; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE AB Manganese(IV) oxides produced through microbial activity, i.e., biogenic Mn oxides or Mn biooxides, are believed to be the most abundant and highly reactive Mn oxide phases in the environment. They mediate redox reactions with organic and inorganic compounds and sequester a variety of metals. The major pathway for bacterial Mn(II) oxidation is enzymatic, and although bacteria that oxidize Mn(H) are phylogenetically diverse, they require a multicopper oxidase-like enzyme to oxidize Mn(II). The oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV) occurs via a soluble or enzyme-complexed Mn(III) intermediate. The primary Mn(IV) biooxide formed is a phyllomanganate most similar to delta-MnO2 or acid birnessite. Metal sequestration by the Mn biooxides occurs predominantly at vacant layer octahedral sites. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tebo, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM btebo@ucsd.edu; bargar@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; bgclement@ucsd.edu; gdick@ucsd.edu; kjmurray@ucsd.edu; doparker@ucsd.edu; rverity@ucsd.edu; swebb@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu RI Dick, Gregory/D-8901-2012; Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017 OI Dick, Gregory/0000-0001-7666-6288; Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325 NR 210 TC 465 Z9 505 U1 34 U2 233 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2004 VL 32 BP 287 EP 328 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120213 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 825JI UT WOS:000221752500012 ER PT J AU Menon, S AF Menon, S TI Current uncertainties inassessing aerosol effects on climate SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE carbonaceous aerosols; aerosol-cloud-climate interactions; climate change; climate predictions ID PARTICULATE BLACK CARBON; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS; SATELLITE-DERIVED CLOUD; OCEAN EXPERIMENT INDOEX; LIQUID WATER PATH; ORGANIC-MATTER; INDIAN-OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS AB The effect of anthropogenic emissions from activities, such as fossil-fuel, biomass, and biofuel burning; transportation; and land-clearing; have a profound impact on the climate system. The impact of these activities is manifested in observed changes in temperature, precipitation, sea-level rise, melting of glaciers, air quality, health, and agriculture yields, to name a few. The obvious question to ask is the role that these different processes play in affecting climate and what action could one impose to curtail or constrain adverse human impacts on climate. Greenhouse gases have long been studied, as they play a major role in changing climate. But over the past 10-20 years, aerosols have emerged as the other big contenders in climate change studies. This review focuses on the current understanding of the effects of aerosols on climate, with an emphasis on the thermodynamical and indirect aerosol effects. We also examine available measurements that could be used to decipher the aerosol influence on climate, with an outlook on how the uncertainties in aerosol effects may impact future climate predictions and policy changes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Menon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smenon@lbl.gov NR 115 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 22 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2004 VL 29 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.063003.132549 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879UM UT WOS:000225744400002 ER PT J AU Worrell, E Ramesohl, S Boyd, G AF Worrell, E Ramesohl, S Boyd, G TI Advances in energy forecasting models based on engineering economics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE energy modeling; industry; policy; technology ID TECHNOLOGICAL-CHANGE; ORGANIZATIONAL-STRUCTURE; INDUCED INNOVATION; LEARNING-CURVE; NUCLEAR-POWER; SUPPLY CURVES; TOP-DOWN; EFFICIENCY; BARRIERS; INDUSTRY AB New energy efficiency policies have been introduced around the world. Historically, most energy models were reasonably equipped to assess the impact of classical policies, such as a subsidy or change in taxation. However, these tools are often insufficient to assess the impact of alternative policy instruments. We evaluate the so-called engineering economic models used to assess future industrial energy use. Engineering economic models include the level of detail commonly needed to model the new types of policies considered. We explore approaches to improve the realism and policy relevance of engineering economic modeling frameworks. We also explore solutions to strengthen the policy usefulness of engineering economic analysis that can be built from a framework of multidisciplinary cooperation. The review discusses the main modeling approaches currently used and evaluates the weaknesses in current models. We focus on the needs to further improve the models. We identify research priorities for the modeling framework, technology representation in models, policy evaluation, and modeling of decision-making behavior. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wuppertal Inst Climate Environm Energy, Div Energy, D-42103 Wuppertal, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Worrell, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eworrell@lbl.gov; stephan.ramesohl@wupperinst.org; gboyd@anl.gov RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 105 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2004 VL 29 BP 345 EP 381 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102042 PG 37 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879UM UT WOS:000225744400011 ER PT J AU Ezzati, M Bailis, R Kammen, DM Holloway, T Price, L Cifuentes, LA Barnes, B Chaurey, A Dhanapala, KN AF Ezzati, M Bailis, R Kammen, DM Holloway, T Price, L Cifuentes, LA Barnes, B Chaurey, A Dhanapala, KN TI Energy management and global health SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES LA English DT Review ID INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; MAJOR RISK-FACTORS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HOUSEHOLD ENERGY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; CHARCOAL PRODUCTION; IMPROVED COOKSTOVES; BIOMASS COMBUSTION AB Energy and energy technologies have a central role in social and economic development at all scales, from household and community to regional and national. Among its welfare effects, energy is closely linked with public health both positively and negatively, the latter through environmental pollution and degradation. We review the current research on how energy use and energy technologies influence public health, emphasizing the risks associated with indoor and ambient air pollution from energy use, and the links between the local and global environmental health impacts of energy use. This review illustrates that, despite their large public health implications, most energy policies and programs in the developing world are fundamentally treated as components of overall economic development, without explicit assessment of their health benefits or hazards. Closer integration of health in energy management can facilitate the development of policies and programs that increase welfare and minimize negative health outcomes. Renewable energy technologies are used as an example of how an integrated energy-health approach can be used in policy analysis and formulation. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Gaylord Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Sustainabil & Global Environm, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ind & Syst Engn Dept, Santiago 6904411, Chile. MRC S Africa, ZA-2041 Houghton, South Africa. Energy & Resources Inst, Energy Environm Technol Div, New Delhi 110003, India. W Virginia Univ, Div Resource Management, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ezzati, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mezzati@hsph.harvard.edu; rbailis@socrates.berkeley.edu; kammen@berkeley.edu; taholloway@wisc.edu; lkprice@lbl.gov; lac@ing.puc.cl; bbarnes@mrc.ac.za; akanksha@teri.res.in; kdhanapa@wvu.edu RI Cifuentes, Luis/C-7081-2009; Bailis, Rob/B-9779-2015 OI Cifuentes, Luis/0000-0001-7416-5607; Bailis, Rob/0000-0002-4111-3760 NR 134 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 8 U2 22 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2004 VL 29 BP 383 EP 419 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062103.121246 PG 41 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 879UM UT WOS:000225744400012 ER PT J AU Eastman, JA Phillpot, SR Choi, SUS Keblinski, P AF Eastman, JA Phillpot, SR Choi, SUS Keblinski, P TI Thermal transport in nanofluids SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE heat transfer; thermal conductivity; nanoparticles; nanocomposites; Kapitza resistance ID HEAT-TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT; CARBON NANOTUBE FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; FLUIDS; NANOPARTICLES; SUSPENSIONS; COMPOSITES; PARTICLES; SINGLE; LIQUID AB Nanofluids, consisting of nanometer-sized solid particles and fibers dispersed in liquids, have recently been demonstrated to have great potential for improving the heat transfer properties of liquids. Several characteristic behaviors of nanofluids have been identified, including the possibility of obtaining large increases in thermal conductivity compared with liquids without nanoparticles, strong temperature-dependent effects, and significant increases in critical heat flux. Observed behavior is in many cases anomalous with respect to the predictions of existing macroscopic theories, indicating the need for a new theory that properly accounts for the unique features of nanofluids. Theoretical studies of the possible heat transfer mechanisms have been initiated, but to date obtaining an atomic- and microscale-level understanding of how heat is transferred in nanofluids remains the greatest challenge that must be overcome in order to realize the full potential of this new class of heat transfer fluids. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jeastman@anl.gov; phillpot@mse.ufl.edu; choi@anl.gov; keblip@rpi.edu RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535; Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 67 TC 437 Z9 449 U1 8 U2 73 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2004 VL 34 BP 219 EP 246 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.34.052803.090621 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 846MK UT WOS:000223319600009 ER PT J AU Redondo, A LeSar, R AF Redondo, A LeSar, R TI Modeling and simulation of biomaterials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE biology; soft matter; theory ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENT APPROACH; BONE REMODELING THEORY; TUMOR GROWTH DYNAMICS; GRAMICIDIN-A CHANNEL; NERNST-PLANCK THEORY; FLUID MOSAIC MODEL; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TRABECULAR BONE; ION CHANNELS AB Modeling and simulation are becoming increasingly accepted components of materials research. In this review we discuss application of modeling and simulation in the developing field of biomaterials. To restrict the discussion somewhat, we focus primarily on the structure and properties of biomaterials and do not discuss biochemical or biomedical applications. We start with a discussion of how atomistic-level simulation can be used to study molecules and collections of molecules. We then focus on mesoscale simulations of structure and properties, followed by a brief review of continuum-scale approaches. We end with some thoughts on the future of modeling and simulation in biomaterials applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM redondo@lanl.gov; lesar@lanl.gov RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 299 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2004 VL 34 BP 279 EP 314 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.34.070503.123908 PG 36 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 846MK UT WOS:000223319600011 ER PT J AU Collon, P Kutschera, W Lu, ZT AF Collon, P Kutschera, W Lu, ZT TI Tracing noble gas radionuclides in the environment SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Ar-39; Kr-81; Kr-85; low-level counting; accelerator mass spectrometry; atom trap trace analysis ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN; ICE-CORE; OLD GROUNDWATER; KR-85; CLIMATE; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; AUSTRALIA; GREENLAND AB Trace analysis of radionuclides is an essential and versatile tool in modern science and technology. Because of their ideal geophysical and geochemical properties, long-lived noble gas radionuclides-particularly Ar-39 (t(1/2) = 269 y), Kr-81 (t(1/2) = 2.3 x 10(5) y), and Kr-85 (t(1/2) = 10.8 y)-have long been recognized to have a wide range of important applications in Earth sciences. In recent years, significant progress in the development of practical analytical methods has led to applications of these isotopes in the hydrosphere (tracing the flow of groundwater and ocean water). In this article, we introduce the applications of these isotopes and review three leading analytical methods: low-level counting (LLC), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and atom trap trace analysis (ATTA). C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Collon, P (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM pcollon@nd.edu; walter.kutschera@univie.ac.at; lu@anl.gov NR 99 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 39 EP 67 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110622 PG 31 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300004 ER PT J AU Davier, M Marciano, WJ AF Davier, M Marciano, WJ TI The theoretical prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE quantum electrodynamics; electroweak theory; vacuum polarization; spectral functions ID HADRONIC TAU-DECAYS; PION FORM-FACTOR; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS; ELECTROWEAK CORRECTIONS; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; SUM-RULE; LEPTON; VECTOR AB This article reviews the standard-model prediction for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and describes recent updates of QED, electroweak, and hadronic contributions. Comparison of theory and experiment suggests a 2.4 sigma difference if e(+)e(-) --> hadrons data are used to evaluate the main hadronic effects, but a smaller discrepancy if hadronic tau decay data are employed. Implications of a deviation for "new physics" contributions, along with an outlook for future improvements in theory and experiment, are briefly discussed. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91898 Orsay, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Davier, M (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. EM davier@lal.in2p3.fr; marciano@bnl.gov NR 93 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181204 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300006 ER PT J AU Hertzog, DW Morse, WM AF Hertzog, DW Morse, WM TI The Brookhaven muon anomalous magnetic moment experiment SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE (g-2); standard model; precision measurement; storage ring; precession frequency ID G-2 EXPERIMENT; PRECISE MEASUREMENT; PHYSICS; SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERGRAVITY; FIELD; NMR AB The E821 Experiment at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron has measured the muon anomalous magnetic moment a(mu) to a relative precision of 0.5 parts per million. This effort required a new beamline, a super-ferric muon storage ring with a highly uniform magnetic field, a precision magnetic field measurement system, and electromagnetic calorimeters to record the electrons from muon decay, which carry the essential spin precession frequency information. Data obtained over five years resulted in more than nine billion analyzed events, in nearly equal samples of both muon charges. The experimental results a(mu+) = 11659203(8) x 10(-10) and a(mu-) = 11659214(9) x 10(-10) are consistent with each other, as predicted by the CPT invariance theorem. The combined result a(mu+/-) = 11659208(6) x 10(-10) is 0.9-2.4 standard deviations higher than predicted by theory; the range depends on the method employed to obtain the hadronic vacuum polarization term in the standard-model calculation. We review the experimental design, physical realization, and analysis procedures and compare the results to the theoretical prediction. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hertzog, DW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hertzog@uiuc.edu; morse@bnl.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 141 EP 174 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110618 PG 42 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300007 ER PT J AU Hyde-Wright, CE de Jager, K AF Hyde-Wright, CE de Jager, K TI Electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and Compton scattering SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE electron scattering; photon scattering; nucleon charge distribution; two-photon exchange; nucleon polarizabilities ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; ONE-LOOP ANALYSIS; DISPERSION-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS; ELECTRON-DEUTERON SCATTERING; QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; HIGH MOMENTUM-TRANSFERS; LINEAR SIGMA-MODEL; GENERALIZED POLARIZABILITIES; SPIN POLARIZABILITIES AB We review the experimental and theoretical status of elastic electron scattering and elastic low-energy photon scattering (with both real and virtual photons) from the nucleon. As a consequence of new experimental facilities and new theoretical insights, these subjects are advancing with unprecedented precision. These reactions provide many important insights into the spatial distributions and correlations of quarks in the nucleon. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hyde-Wright, CE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM chyde@odu.edu; kees@jlab.org OI Hyde, Charles/0000-0001-7282-8120 NR 222 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 217 EP 267 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110443 PG 51 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300009 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Oreglia, M AF Dawson, S Oreglia, M TI Physics opportunities with a TeV linear collider SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE electron-positron annihilation; Higgs; supersymmetry ID SUPERSYMMETRIC DARK-MATTER; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HIGGS-BOSON; T(T)OVER-BAR THRESHOLD; GRAND UNIFICATION; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; GAMMA-GAMMA; E(+)E(-); DIMENSIONS AB We discuss the physics motivations for building a 500 GeV-1 TeV electron-positron linear collider. The state-of-the-art collider technologies and the physics-driven machine parameters are discussed. Some of the phenomena well suited to study at a linear collider are described, including Higgs bosons, supersymmetry, other extensions to the standard model, and cosmology. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dawson@bnl.gov; oreglia@hep.uchicago.edu OI Dawson, Sally/0000-0002-5598-695X NR 170 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 269 EP 314 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181259 PG 46 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300010 ER PT J AU Dokshitzer, YL Kharzeev, DE AF Dokshitzer, YL Kharzeev, DE TI The Gribov conception of quantum chromodynamics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE QCD; confinement; nonperturbative effects ID ABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES; SCATTERING AMPLITUDE; ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR; MANDELSTAM REPRESENTATION; VACUUM POLARIZATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PARTICLE SPECTRA; COULOMB GAUGE; QCD; CONFINEMENT AB Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which describes hadrons and their interactions, is a non-Abelian gauge theory. The salient property of QCD is color confinement, quantitative understanding of which still remains a challenge. Major contributions to understanding quantum dynamics of non-Abelian fields are due to V.N. Gribov, both in the framework of pure gluodynamics (Gribov copies, Gribov horizon) and in the quest for confinement in the presence of light quarks (supercritical confinement scenario). We discuss Gribov's approach to the confinement problem and review some recent developments that are motivated, directly or indirectly, by his ideas. C1 Univ Paris 06, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188350, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dokshitzer, YL (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Phys Theor & Hautes Energies Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. EM Yuri.Dokshitzer@lpthe.jussieu.fr; kharzeev@bnl.gov NR 97 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-8998 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2004 VL 54 BP 487 EP 524 DI 10.1146/annurev.nucl.54.070103.181224 PG 38 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884ZD UT WOS:000226124300015 ER PT J AU Yeung, ES AF Yeung, ES TI Dynamics of single biomolecules in free solution SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE interface; migration; DNA; protein; electrophoresis; chromatography ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS; LINEAR SHEAR FLOWS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POISEUILLE FLOW; SMALL SPHERE; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; LIQUID/SOLID INTERFACES; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES AB Instrumental advances have allowed the continuous observation of single-molecule trajectories in free solution. Diffraction-limited spectral resolution at video frame rates is routinely achieved by using commercial, intensified, charge-coupled device cameras, low-power continuous-wave lasers, and standard optical microscopes. Either the native fluorescence from large biomolecules or emission from conjugated fluorescence labels can be employed to follow multiple molecules over many seconds. Both molecular motion at the liquid/solid interface and in bulk solution can be recorded. The former reveals adsorption and desorption probabilities that are related to chromatographic retention processes and to the applicability of biocompatible materials. The latter allows the manipulation of particles and large biomolecules to facilitate separation and identification. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 111 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2004 VL 55 BP 97 EP 126 DI 10.1146/annurev.physchem.54.011002.103820 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 839EO UT WOS:000222766400005 PM 15117249 ER PT J AU Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Ort, DR AF Long, SP Ainsworth, EA Rogers, A Ort, DR TI Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: Plants face the future SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE global change; atmospheric change; photosynthesis; stomata; leaf area; Rubisco; meta-analysis; free-air carbon dioxide enrichment ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; SOIL-NITROGEN REGIMES; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; FIELD-GROWN COTTON; PHOTOSYNTHETIC DOWN-REGULATION; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; TREES LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; POTATO SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; AFFECT LEAF RESPIRATION; STOMATAL GUARD-CELLS AB Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is now higher than it was at any time in the past 26 million years and is expected to nearly double during this century. Terrestrial plants with the C-3 photosynthetic pathway respond in the short term to increased [CO2] via increased net photosynthesis and decreased transpiration. In the longer term this increase is often offset by downregulation of photosynthetic capacity. But much of what is currently known about plant responses to elevated [CO2] comes from enclosure studies, where the responses of plants may be modified by size constraints and the limited life-cycle stages that are examined. Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) was developed as a means to grow plants in the field at controlled elevation of CO2 under fully open-air field conditions. The findings of FACE experiments are quantitatively summarized via meta-analytic statistics and compared to findings from chamber studies. Although trends agree with parallel summaries of enclosure studies, important quantitative differences emerge that have important implications both for predicting the future terrestrial biosphere and understanding how crops may need to be adapted to the changed and changing atmosphere. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Phytosphere Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Long, SP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM stevel@life.uiuc.edu; e.ainsworth@fz-juelich.de; arogers@bnl.gov; d-ort@uiuc.edu RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011 OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430 NR 218 TC 794 Z9 853 U1 62 U2 531 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 EI 1545-2123 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2004 VL 55 BP 591 EP 628 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141610 PG 42 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 839EK UT WOS:000222766000023 PM 15377233 ER PT B AU Vo-Dinh, T AF Vo-Dinh, T GP IEEE TI Advanced biophotonics: From biochips to nanosensors SO APBP 2004: SECOND ASIAN AND PACIFIC RIM SYMPOSIUM ON BIOPHOTONICS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Asian and Pacific Rim Symposium on Biophotonics CY DEC 15-17, 2004 CL Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, TAIWAN SP Grad Inst Electro-Opt Engn, Minist Educ, Natl Sci Council, Dept Hlth, BioMed Engn Ctr ITRI, Chang Gung Univ, Natl Yang-Ming Univ, Laser Med Soc, IEEE LEOS, Opt Engn Soc, Opt Soc Amer, Opt Soc Korea, Opt Soc Japan, IEEE HO Natl Taiwan Univ AB This lecture provides an overview of the research activities in our laboratory related to the development and application of advanced biomedical photonics, molecular spectroscopy, nanosensors and biochips for biomedical diagnostics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8676-0 PY 2004 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BBR70 UT WOS:000227468900002 ER PT B AU Thomas, A Glickman, J Harris, J Meier, A AF Thomas, A Glickman, J Harris, J Meier, A GP IEEE TI Federal purchasing: Leading the market for low standby products SO APEC 2004: NINETEENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference CY FEB 22-26, 2004 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE PELS, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper summarizes the efforts between Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program and industry in implementing Executive Order 13221 "Standby Power Devices," which directs all federal agencies to buy products with low standby power (1 watt or less where possible). This paper also describes the significant role that federal purchasing can play in transforming the market for energy efficient products. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Management Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thomas, A (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Management Program, Routing EE-2L,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8269-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2004 BP 318 EP 322 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BY90U UT WOS:000189492400049 ER PT S AU Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM Su, GJ Du, Z AF Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM Su, GJ Du, Z GP IEEE TI Optimum fuel cell utilization with multilevel DC-DC converters SO APEC 2004: NINETEENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference CY FEB 22-26, 2004 CL Aachen, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE PELS, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE fuel cells; DC-DC power conversion; multilevel systems; power distribution; interconnected power systems AB Static characteristics of fuel cells show more than a 30% difference in the output voltage between no-load to full-load conditions. This inevitable decrease, which is caused by internal losses, reduces the utilization factor of the fuel cells at low loads. Additionally, the converters fed by these fuel cells have to be derated to accommodate higher input voltages at low currents. To increase the utilization of fuel cells and to avoid derating of semiconductors, this paper proposes a level reduction control using a multilevel DC-DC converter. Level reduction is done by inhibiting a certain number of fuel cells when the load current decreases. The inhibited fuel cells can be used in other applications such as charging batteries to further increase their utilization and the efficiency of the system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ozpineci, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM burak@ieee.org; tolbert@utk.edu; sugj@orn1.gov; zdu1@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 0-7803-8269-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2004 BP 1572 EP 1576 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BY90U UT WOS:000189492400236 ER PT B AU Edmonds, JA Clarke, JF AF Edmonds, JA Clarke, JF BE Rosenberg, NJ Metting, FB Izaurralde, RC TI Biotechnology and climate change: An introductory essay SO APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE WARMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd St Michaels Workshop on Applications of Biotechnology to Mitigation of Greenhouse Warming CY APR 13-15, 2003 CL St Michaels, MD SP US DOE, Elect Power Res Inst, Off Biol & Environm Res C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-141-8 PY 2004 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY67B UT WOS:000189435000001 ER PT B AU Tuskan, GA Wullschleger, SD Cushman, JH Graham, RL Thomas, SR AF Tuskan, GA Wullschleger, SD Cushman, JH Graham, RL Thomas, SR BE Rosenberg, NJ Metting, FB Izaurralde, RC TI Mitigation of greenhouse warming, biomass-based energy supply systems and accelerated domestication of energy crops SO APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE WARMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd St Michaels Workshop on Applications of Biotechnology to Mitigation of Greenhouse Warming CY APR 13-15, 2003 CL St Michaels, MD SP US DOE, Elect Power Res Inst, Off Biol & Environm Res ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; GENETIC-MODIFICATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; ENCODES; PROTEIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; YIELD C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-141-8 PY 2004 BP 23 EP 45 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY67B UT WOS:000189435000003 ER PT B AU Lasure, LL Zhang, M AF Lasure, LL Zhang, M BE Rosenberg, NJ Metting, FB Izaurralde, RC TI Bioconversion and biorefineries of the future SO APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE WARMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd St Michaels Workshop on Applications of Biotechnology to Mitigation of Greenhouse Warming CY APR 13-15, 2003 CL St Michaels, MD SP US DOE, Elect Power Res Inst, Off Biol & Environm Res C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-141-8 PY 2004 BP 95 EP 109 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY67B UT WOS:000189435000007 ER PT B AU Metting, FB Scott, MJ Benemann, J Greenbaum, E Seibert, M Spormann, A Yukawa, H Houghton, J AF Metting, FB Scott, MJ Benemann, J Greenbaum, E Seibert, M Spormann, A Yukawa, H Houghton, J BE Rosenberg, NJ Metting, FB Izaurralde, RC TI Microbial and enzyme biotechnology: 21st century opportunities for greenhouse gas mitigation SO APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATION OF GREENHOUSE WARMING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd St Michaels Workshop on Applications of Biotechnology to Mitigation of Greenhouse Warming CY APR 13-15, 2003 CL St Michaels, MD SP US DOE, Elect Power Res Inst, Off Biol & Environm Res ID ENERGY; MICROORGANISMS; MICROALGAE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; H-2 C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-141-8 PY 2004 BP 115 EP 136 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BY67B UT WOS:000189435000009 ER PT S AU Kenyon, GT Harvey, NR Stephens, GJ Theiler, J AF Kenyon, GT Harvey, NR Stephens, GJ Theiler, J BE Tescher, AG TI Dynamic segmentation of grey-scale images in a computer model of the mammalian retina SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum DE synchrony; gamma oscillations; phase locking; temporal code; rate code ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; GANGLION-CELLS; CAT RETINA; OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS; PRIMATE RETINA; RESPONSES; SYNCHRONIZATION; PARASOL; ALPHA AB Biological studies suggest that neurons in the mammalian retina accomplish a dynamic segmentation of the visual input. When activated by large, high contrast spots, retinal spike trains exhibit high frequency oscillations in the upper gamma band, between 60 to 120 Hz. Despite random phase variations over time, the oscillations recorded from regions responding to the same spot remain phase locked with zero lag whereas the phases recorded from regions activated by separate spots rapidly become uncorrelated. Here, a model of the mammalian retina is used to explore the segmentation of high contrast, gray-scale images containing several well-separated objects. Frequency spectra were computed from lumped spike trains containing 2x2 clusters of neighboring retinal output neurons. Cross-correlation functions were computed between all cell clusters exhibiting significant peaks in the upper gamma band. For each pair of oscillatory cell clusters, the cross-correlation between the lumped spike trains was used to estimate a functional connectivity, given by the peak amplitude in the upper gamma band of the associated frequency spectra. There was a good correspondence between the largest eigenvalues/eigenvectors of the resulting sparse functional connectivity matrix and the individual objects making up the original image, yielding an overall segmentation comparable to that generated by a standard watershed algorithm. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.556482 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700001 ER PT S AU Kern, JP AF Kern, JP BE Tescher, AG TI Reliable band-to-band registration of Multispectral Thermal Imager data using multivariate mutual information and cyclic consistency SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXVII, PTS 1AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXVII CY AUG 02-06, 2004 CL Denver, CO SP SPIE, Int Telecommun Union, MPEG Ind Forum DE image registration; cross-spectral registration; band-to-band registration; multivariate mutual information; cyclic consistency AB In multispectral imaging, automated cross-spectral (band-to-band) image registration is difficult to achieve with a reliability approaching 100%. This is particularly true when registering infrared to visible imagery, where contrast reversals are common and similarity is often lacking. Algorithms that use mutual information as a similarity measure have been shown to work well in the presence of contrast reversal. However, weak similarity between the long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands and shorter wavelengths remains a problem. A method is presented in this paper for registering multiple images simultaneously rather than one pair at a time using a multivariate extension of the mutual information measure. This approach improves the success rate of automated registration by making use of the information available in multiple images rather than a single pair. This approach is further enhanced by including a cyclic consistency check, for example registering band A to B, B to C, and C to A. The cyclic consistency check provides an automated measure of success allowing a different combination of bands to be used in the event of a failure. Experiments were conducted using imagery from the Department of Energy's Multispectral Thermal Imager satellite. The results show a significantly improved success rate. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, MS-0972,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5496-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2004 VL 5558 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.557230 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BBJ02 UT WOS:000225713700007 ER PT J AU Meyer, AF Lipson, DA Martin, AP Schadt, CW Schmidt, SK AF Meyer, AF Lipson, DA Martin, AP Schadt, CW Schmidt, SK TI Molecular and metabolic characterization of cold-tolerant alpine soil Pseudomonas sensu stricto SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; GENUS PSEUDOMONAS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; AMINO-ACIDS; DIVERSITY; NITROGEN; SEQUENCE; AVAILABILITY AB Alpine soils undergo dramatic temporal changes in their microclimatic properties, suggesting that the bacteria there encounter uncommon shifting selection gradients. Pseudomonads constitute important members of the alpine soil community. In order to characterize the alpine Pseudomonas community and to assess the impact of shifting selection on this community, we examined the ability of cold-tolerant Pseudomonas isolates to grow on a variety of carbon sources, and we determined their phylogenetic relationships based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. We found a high prevalence of Pseudomonas in our soil samples, and isolates from these soils exhibited extensive metabolic diversity. In addition, our data revealed that many of our isolates form a unique cold-adapted clade, representatives of which are also found in the Swedish tundra and Antarctica. Our data also show a lack of concordance between the metabolic properties and 16S phylogeny, indicating that the metabolic diversity of these organisms cannot be predicted by phylogeny. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schmidt, SK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM schmidts@spot.colorado.edu RI Schmidt, Steven/G-2771-2010; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008 OI Schmidt, Steven/0000-0002-9175-2085; Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.1.483-489.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 763RY UT WOS:000188115300060 PM 14711678 ER PT J AU Becker-Guedes, F deAzevedo, ER Bonagamba, TJ Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Becker-Guedes, F deAzevedo, ER Bonagamba, TJ Schmidt-Rohr, K TI Solid-state exchange NMR characterization of segmental dynamics in glassy poly(alkyl methacrylate)s SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID CENTERBAND-ONLY DETECTION; MULTIDIMENSIONAL NMR; CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; RELAXATION PROCESSES; MAS AB Slow side-group and main-chain P-relaxation dynamics in a series of glassy poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (PRMAs) with varying side-group sizes were studied by one-dimensional (1-D) centerband-only detection of exchange (CODEX) and static pure-exchange (PUREX) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The (COO)-C-13 signal in 1-D PUREX experiments was analyzed to characterize the flips and small-angle motions of the side groups quantitatively. By comparing the (COO)-C-13 exchange intensities obtained from 1-D PUREX and CODEX experiments, it A-as possible to show that the small-angle reorientations vary between backbone segments. Analysis of the backbone (CH)-C-13, CODEX data supplied direct and quantitative information about the amplitudes of the main-chain motion, which is also reflected in the side-group reorientation due to the coupling between side group and backbone. The data obtained from both NMR exchange techniques were correlated, providing. an accurate, consistent description of the backbone and side-group motion The effects of side-a-roup size and temperature on the fraction of flipping side groups were studied systematically by 1-D PUREX NMR. The flipping fraction at ambient temperature decreases with increasing the side-group size. It increases gradually with temperature for two PRMAs with conformationally flexible side groups. while it is constant over wide temperature ranges for poly(methyl metbacrylate) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate). C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Caixa Postal 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM tito@if.sc.usp.br RI Bonagamba, Tito/A-2166-2008; deAzevedo, Eduardo/A-1906-2013; Becker-Guedes, Fabio/M-6911-2015; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 OI deAzevedo, Eduardo/0000-0003-2461-4755; NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1007/BF03166739 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 891YB UT WOS:000226615800004 ER PT J AU Bowman, MK Maryasov, AG Kim, N DeRose, VJ AF Bowman, MK Maryasov, AG Kim, N DeRose, VJ TI Visualization of distance distribution from pulsed double electron-electron resonance data SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ECHO; BIRADICAL SYSTEMS; PELDOR; SOLIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MODULATION; SIGNAL; ELDOR; ESR AB Double electron-electron resonance (DEER), also known as pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR), is a time-domain electron paramagnetic resonance method that can measure the weak dipole-dipole interactions between impaired electrons. DEER has been applied to discrete pairs of free radicals in biological macromolecules and to clusters containing small numbers of free radicals in polymers and irradiated materials. The goal of such work is to determine the distance or distribution of distances between radicals, which is an underdetermined problem. That is, the spectrum of dipolar interactions can be readily calculated for any distribution of free radicals, but there are many, quite different distributions of radicals that could produce the same experimental dipolar spectrum. This paper describes two methods that are useful for approximating the distance distributions for the large subset of cases in which the mutual orientations of the free radicals are uncorrelated and the width of the distribution is more than a few percent of its mean. The first method relies on a coordinate transformation and is parameter-free, while the second is based on iterative least-squares with Tikhonov regularization. Both methods are useful in DEER studies of spin-labeled biomolecules containing more than two labels. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bowman, MK (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Inst Skaya Ulitsa 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM maryasov@ns.kinetics.nsc.ru RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF03166560 PG 17 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 833UQ UT WOS:000222366000003 ER PT J AU Heinen, U Golecki, JR Poluektov, O Berthold, T Schlesselman, SL Frezzato, D Ohmes, E Moro, GJ Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G AF Heinen, U Golecki, JR Poluektov, O Berthold, T Schlesselman, SL Frezzato, D Ohmes, E Moro, GJ Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G TI Magnetic-field-induced orientation of photosynthetic reaction centers as revealed by time-resolved W-band EPR of spin-correlated radical pairs: Development of a molecular model SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; ZERO-QUANTUM COHERENCE; PLANT PHOTOSYSTEM-I; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; TRANSIENT EPR; DIAMAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; ANACYSTIS-NIDULANS; PULSED EPR; ALGAE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Spin-correlated radical pairs are the short-lived intermediates of the primary energy conversion steps of photosynthesis. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model for the spin-polarized electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of these systems. Particular emphasis is given to a proper treatment of the alignment of the photosynthetic bacteria by the field of the EPR spectrometer. The model is employed to analyze time-resolved W-band (94 GHz) EPR spectra of the secondary radical pair P(700)(+)A(1)(-) in photosystern I formed by photoexcitation of the deuterated and N-15- substituted cyanobacterium Synechococcus lividus. Computer simulations of the angular-dependent EPR spectra of P(700)(+)A(1)(-) provide values for the order parameter of the cyanobacterial cells and for the orientation of the membrane normal in a molecular reference system. The order parameter from EPR compares favorably with corresponding data from electron microscopy obtained for the S. lividus cells under similar experimental conditions. It is shown that high-field EPR of a magnetically aligned sample in combination with the study of quantum beat oscillations represents a powerful structural tool for the short-lived radical pair intermediates of photosynthesis. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Dept Microbiol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Phys Chem, Padua, Italy. RP Heinen, U (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, Albertstr 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM gerd.kothe@physchem.uni-freiburg.de OI Moro, Giorgio J./0000-0003-3905-3831 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF03166565 PG 17 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 833UQ UT WOS:000222366000008 ER PT J AU Hudson, A Chongpison, A Loganathan, A Kury, J AF Hudson, A Chongpison, A Loganathan, A Kury, J TI The quadrupole resonance properties of nondetonable explosive formulations for land mine detection machine calibration and testing SO APPLIED MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article AB Explosive detection machines on the basis of quadrupole resonance (QR) technology are under development for land mine detection and other antiterrorism applications. The QR machines are optimized to detect the actual explosive ingredient in a detonable formulation and to ignore signals from other, benign materials. This presents a safety and logistical challenge for QR land mine detector testing and calibration because of the hazards involved when handling even small amounts of a detonable explosive. The detonation hazard can be mitigated by adding inert materials (desensitizers) to coat the crystalline explosive. The effect on the QR signal of various types of inert material is examined, with a view to developing a safe QR land mine target. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Quantum Magnet, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kury, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0937-9347 EI 1613-7507 J9 APPL MAGN RESON JI Appl. Magn. Reson. PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 370 DI 10.1007/BF03166534 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 812XK UT WOS:000220872000002 ER PT J AU Mazumder, P Trivedi, R AF Mazumder, P Trivedi, R TI Integrated simulation of thermo-solutal convection and pattern formation in directional solidification SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTION; PERITECTIC SYSTEMS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION; REGIMES; MODEL; FLOW AB Numerical analysis is carried out to examine the effects of thermo-solutal convection on the formation of complex patterns in directionally solidified binary alloys. A finite-difference analysis is used for dynamic modeling of a two-dimensional prototype of the vertical Bridgman system that takes into account heat transfer in the melt, crystal, and the ampoule, as well as the melt flow and solute transport. Actual temperature data from experimental measurements are used for accurately describing the thermal boundary conditions. A range of complex dynamical behavior is predicted in the melt flow due to flow transitions and this is found to be directly related to the spatial patterns observed experimentally in the solidified alloys. The model is applied to single phase solidification in the Al-Cu and Pb-Sn systems to characterize the effect of convection on the macroscopic shape of the interface. The application of the model to hyper-peritectic alloys in the Sn-Cd system shows that the presence of oscillating flow can give rise to a novel convection induced microstructure in which a tree-like primary phase in the center of the sample is embedded in the surrounding peritectic matrix. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Div, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Corning Inc, Sullivan Pk, NY 14830 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 100 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 109 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0307-904X(03)00117-3 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 747EQ UT WOS:000186792600009 ER PT J AU Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Knight, JC Wadsworth, WJ Russell, PS AF Efimov, A Taylor, AJ Omenetto, FG Knight, JC Wadsworth, WJ Russell, PS TI Simple optical profiling of complex guiding structures SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDEX PROFILE; FIBERS; MODES AB Working with complex guiding structures such as holey fibers requires coupling light into the input face of the structure. We use a simple in vivo technique to determine the scale, morphology, and orientation of the input cleave of the fiber without resorting to separate and more complex methods like optical imaging or scanning electron microscopy. Further, after obtaining the transverse scan of the fiber tip one can precisely position the focal spot anywhere relative to the fiber structure. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM efimov@lanl.gov RI Wadsworth, William/A-1317-2012; Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011; Russell, Philip/G-5132-2012; OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804; Russell, Philip/0000-0002-8972-2477; Efimov, Anatoly/0000-0002-5559-4147 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1364/AO.43.000029 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 760GW UT WOS:000187804100003 PM 14714640 ER PT J AU Yan, WF Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Dai, S AF Yan, WF Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Dai, S TI Silver-coated zeolite crystal films as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE surface-enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; zeolites; films; nanocrystals ID BENZOIC-ACID; SERS; PARTICLES; NANOSTRUCTURE; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; GEL AB Silver-coated zeolite A and zeolite NaX crystal films prepared by vacuum deposition were investigated as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The substrates were active for the enhancement of Raman scattering from uranyl ions. A detection limit of 10(-5) M for uranyl was obtained using silver-coated zeolite A films. One advantage of these zeolite-based substrates is that the negatively charged microporous framework provides the selectivity for adsorption based on static electric charges. The SERS effects of positively charged uranyl ions and neutrally charged benzoic acid were compared. For the zeolite A substrate, there was a 100-times-greater sensitivity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1366/000370204322729423 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 762BM UT WOS:000187950400006 PM 14727716 ER PT S AU Camarero, JA Cheung, CL Coleman, MA de Yoreo, JJ AF Camarero, JA Cheung, CL Coleman, MA de Yoreo, JJ BE Wong, JY Plant, AL Schmidt, CE Shea, L Coury, AJ Chen, CS Barron, AE Klok, HA Saltzman, WM Chilkoti,A Luo, D Uhrich, K TI Chemoselective attachment of biologically active proteins to surfaces by native chemical ligation SO ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Architecture and Application of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID NANOLITHOGRAPHY AB The present work describes our ongoing efforts towards the creation of micro and nano-scaled ordered arrays of protein covalently attached to site-specific chemical linkers patterned by different microlithographic techniques. We present a new and efficient solid-phase approach for the synthesis of chemically modified long alkyl-thiols. These compounds call be used to introduce chemoselective reacting groups onto silicon-based surfaces. We show that these modified thiols call be used for creating nano- and micrometric chemical patterns by using different lithographic techniques. We show that these patterns call react chemoselectively with proteins which have been recombinantly modified to contain complementary chemical groups at specific positions thus resulting in the oriented attachment of the protein to the surface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, 700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015; OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-745-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 1 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAB22 UT WOS:000221434200048 ER PT S AU Montano, GA Dattelbaum, AM Li, WG Wang, HL Shreve, AP AF Montano, GA Dattelbaum, AM Li, WG Wang, HL Shreve, AP BE Wong, JY Plant, AL Schmidt, CE Shea, L Coury, AJ Chen, CS Barron, AE Klok, HA Saltzman, WM Chilkoti,A Luo, D Uhrich, K TI Photoluminescence of a conjugated polymer-polyelectrolyte assembly and effective quenching in aqueous solution and on self-assembled thin film architectures SO ARCHITECTURE AND APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Architecture and Application of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA ID FLUORESCENCE AB Creation and control of assemblies driven by polyelectrolyte interactions represents a biologically inspired approach to materials synthesis. In this regard, polyelectrolyte interactions involving luminescent species have potential for creating functional complex biomimetic assemblies. Here, we report control of the photoluminescence of the polyectrolyte assembly formed between poly (2,5-methoxy-propyloxy sulfonate phenylene vinylene) (MPS-PPV) and DAB-Am-16, a generation 3.0 polypropylenimine hexadecamine dendrimer (DAB), in solution and in thin films. This control is achieved by the efficient quenching of MPS-PPV photoluminescence by partially hydrolyzed polycyclosulfated-C60 (PCS-C60). In aqueous Solution, quenching of similar to80% is observed. while in self-assembled thin films quenching similar to88% is observed. The results indicate possible directions useful for the development of applications in high-sensitivity chemical and biological sensing and light-emitting displays. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Montano, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-745-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 1 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BAB22 UT WOS:000221434200071 ER PT J AU Staub, BP Hopkins, WA Novak, J Congdon, JD AF Staub, BP Hopkins, WA Novak, J Congdon, JD TI Respiratory and reproductive characteristics of eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) inhabiting a coal ash settling basin SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD METABOLIC-RATE; COMBUSTION WASTES; UNITED-STATES; SELENIUM; POPULATIONS; RESPONSES; AFFINIS; EFFLUENTS; MERCURY; COSTS AB Coal fly ash and effluent from coal ash settling basins negatively affects metabolism and reproduction in a variety of organisms, including a number of fish species. Some species, most notably the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), are known to maintain viable populations in areas contaminated by coal ash. While eastern mosquitofish are present in these systems, their degree of tolerance to coal ash has not been investigated using sublethal metrics of exposure. It is possible that eastern mosquitofish persist in habitats affected by coal ash, but experience significant costs such as changes in metabolism and fecundity. Thus, we investigated the effects of coal ash on standard metabolic rate and reproduction of eastern mosquitofish inhabiting a coal-ash contaminated settling basin. Standard metabolic rates of mosquitofish from the ash contaminated site and a reference site (mean O-2 consumption = 0.286 mL/g . h +/- 0.007 and 0.291 +/- 0.008 mL/g . h, respectively) were not significantly different. Despite elevated contaminant concentrations in ash basin females (selenium, arsenic, copper, and cadmium) and their offspring (selenium), brood sizes and offspring viability did not differ between clutches collected from ash basin and reference site females. Our data provide further evidence of the high degree of tolerance of eastern mosquitofish to exposure to aquatic coal ash disposal generated by power plants. However, the basis for such tolerance to ash remains unclear. Further investigations are required to determine whether such tolerance is a result of species-specific characteristics or population characteristics due to local adaptation. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Staub, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 759WR UT WOS:000187774600012 PM 15025168 ER PT J AU Rizzo, M Taylor, JM Barbagallo, CM Berneis, K Blanche, PJ Krauss, RM AF Rizzo, M Taylor, JM Barbagallo, CM Berneis, K Blanche, PJ Krauss, RM TI Effects on lipoprotein subclasses of combined expression of human hepatic lipase and human apoB in transgenic rabbits SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatic lipase; apoB; LDL; transgene; rabbit; density gradient ultracentrifugation ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; IN-VIVO EVIDENCE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; INTERMEDIATE DENSITY; DEFICIENT MICE; OVEREXPRESSION; LDL; METABOLISM AB Objective-The effects of combined expression of human hepatic lipase (HL) and human apolipoprotein B (apoB) on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses were examined in rabbits, a species naturally deficient in HL activity. Methods and Results-In apoB-transgenic rabbit plasma, >80% of the protein was found in the 1.006- to 1.050-g/mL fraction. Gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) of this fraction revealed two distinct species, designated large and small LDL. A denser fraction (d=1.050 to 1.063 g/mL) contained small LDL as well as another discrete LDL subspecies, designated very small LDL. Expression of HL resulted in reductions in protein concentrations in the 1.006- to 1.050-g/mL density-gradient subfractions containing large (6.5+/-4.1 versus 32.6+/-12.0 mg/dL, P<0.005) and small LDL (59.6&PLUSMN;17.4 versus 204.3&PLUSMN;50.3 mg/dL, P<0.002). A concomitant small but not significant increase in protein concentration in the denser LDL fraction (48.0+/-28.2 versus 44.6+/-18.2 mg/dL) was due primarily to an increase in very small LDL (25.9+/-3.1 versus 9.6+/-5.4% of total LDL GGE densitometric area, P<0.002). Conclusion-These findings support a direct role for HL in regulating total plasma LDL concentrations as well as in the production of smaller, denser LDL from larger, more buoyant precursors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Palermo, Dept Clin Med & Emerging Dis, I-90133 Palermo, Italy. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. OI Barbagallo, Carlo M./0000-0002-4114-038X; RIZZO, Manfredi/0000-0002-9549-8504 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18574, HL51588] NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000107027.73816.ce PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 760BV UT WOS:000187791600023 PM 14615390 ER PT J AU Eichenbaum-Voline, S Olivier, M Jones, EL Naoumova, RP Jones, B Gau, B Patel, HN Seed, M Betteridge, DJ Galton, DJ Rubin, EM Scott, J Shoulders, CC Pennacchio, LA AF Eichenbaum-Voline, S Olivier, M Jones, EL Naoumova, RP Jones, B Gau, B Patel, HN Seed, M Betteridge, DJ Galton, DJ Rubin, EM Scott, J Shoulders, CC Pennacchio, LA TI Linkage and association between distinct variants of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and familial combined hyperlipidemia SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoproteins; genes; risk factors; genetics; hyperlipoproteinemia ID PEDIGREE DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B LEVELS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SIGNAL PEPTIDE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; AV GENE; C-III; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; COMPLEX AB Objective-Combined hyperlipidemia is a common disorder, characterized by a highly atherogenic lipoprotein profile and a substantially increased risk of coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to establish whether variations of apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5), a newly discovered gene of lipid metabolism located 30 kbp downstream of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, contributes to the transmission of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Methods and Results-We performed linkage and association tests on 128 families. Two independent alleles, APOA5(c.56G) and APOC3(c.386G), of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster were overtransmitted in FCHL (P=0.004 and 0.007, respectively). This was paired with reduced transmission of the common APOA1/C3/A4/A5 haplotype (frequency 0.4461) to affected subjects (P=0.012). The APOA5(c.56G) genotype accounted for 7.3% to 13.8% of the variance in plasma triglyceride levels in probands (P<0.004). The APOC3(c.386G) genotypes accounted for 4.4% to 5.1% of the variance in triglyceride levels in FCHL spouses (P<0.007), suggesting that this allele marks a FCHL quantitative trait as well as representing a susceptibility locus for the condition. Conclusions-A combined linkage and association analysis establishes that variation at the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster contributes to FCHL transmission in a substantial proportion of northern European families. C1 Hammersmith Hosp, Genom & Mol Med Grp, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, London W12 0NN, England. Charing Cross Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Med, London, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Genet & Genom Res Inst, London, England. UCL, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Med, London, England. St Bartholomews Hosp, Dept Metab & Genet, London, England. Med Coll Wisconsin, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Shoulders, CC (reprint author), Hammersmith Hosp, Genom & Mol Med Grp, MRC, Ctr Clin Sci, DuCane Rd, London W12 0NN, England. EM j.scott@imperial.ac.uk; carol.shoulders@csc.mrc.ac.uk FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL066681, HL66681, R01 HL074168, R01 HL074168-01] NR 47 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1079-5642 EI 1524-4636 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000099881.83261.D4 PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 760BV UT WOS:000187791600027 PM 14551155 ER PT S AU Perelson, AS AF Perelson, AS BE Nicosia, G Cutello, V Bentley, PJ Timmis, J TI An overview of computational and theoretical immunology SO ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems CY SEP 13-16, 2004 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Fac Sci, Acad Network ARTIST, Univ Catania, Dept Math & Comp Sci C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23097-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3239 BP 439 EP 441 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAX50 UT WOS:000224093300035 ER PT B AU Rocha, LM AF Rocha, LM BE Pollack, J Bedau, M Husbands, P Ikegami, T Watson, RA TI Evolving memory: Logical tasks for cellular automata SO Artificial Life IX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Artificial Life (ALIFE9) CY SEP 12-15, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Int Soc Artificial Life, Brandeis Univ ID EVOLUTION; SYMBOLS AB We present novel experiments in the evolution of Cellular Automata (CA) to solve nontrivial tasks. Using a genetic algorithm, we evolved CA rules that can solve non-trivial logical tasks related to the density task (or majority classification problem) commonly used in the literature. We present the particle catalogs of the new rules following the computational mechanics framework. We know from Crutchfield et al (2002) that particle computation in CA is a process of information processing and integration. Here, we discuss the type of memory that emerges from the evolving CA experiments for storing and manipulating information, In particular, we contrast this type of evolved memory with the type of memory we are familiar with in Computer Science, and also with the type of biological memory instantiated by DNA. A novel CA rule obtained from our own experiments is used to elucidate the type of memory that one-dimensional CA can attain. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-262-66183-7 PY 2004 BP 256 EP 261 PG 6 WC Biology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BCV06 UT WOS:000231382900042 ER PT B AU Rocha, LM Huang, CF AF Rocha, LM Huang, CF BE Pollack, J Bedau, M Husbands, P Ikegami, T Watson, RA TI The role of RNA editing in dynamic environments SO Artificial Life IX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Artificial Life (ALIFE9) CY SEP 12-15, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Int Soc Artificial Life, Brandeis Univ AB This paper presents a computational methodology based on Genetic Algorithms with Genotype Editing (GAE) for investigating the role of RNA editing in dynamic environments. This model is based on genotype editing characteristics that are gleaned from RNA editing processes as observed in several organisms. We have previously expanded the traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA) with artificial editing mechanisms (Rocha, 1995, 1997), and studied the benefits of including straightforward Genotype Editing in GA for several machine learning problems (Huang and Rocha, 2003, 2004). Here we show that genotype editing also provides a means for artificial agents with genotype/phenotype mappings descriptions to gain greater phenotypic plasticity. We simulate agents endowed with the ability to alter the edition of their genotype according to environmental context. This ability grants agents an adaptive advantage as genotype expression can become contextually regulated. The study of this genotype edition model in changing environments has shed some light into the evolutionary implications of RNA editing. We expect that our methodology will both facilitate determining the evolutionary role of RNA editing in biology, and advance the current state of research in Evolutionary Computation and Artificial Life. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS 3, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rocha, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS 3, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-262-66183-7 PY 2004 BP 489 EP 494 PG 6 WC Biology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA BCV06 UT WOS:000231382900082 ER PT J AU Goetzler, W Roth, KW Brodrick, J AF Goetzler, W Roth, KW Brodrick, J TI Variable flow and volume refrigerant system SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Navigant Consulting, Burlington, MA USA. TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Goetzler, W (reprint author), Navigant Consulting, Burlington, MA USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP S164 EP S165 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 762BL UT WOS:000187950300019 ER PT J AU Sherman, M AF Sherman, M TI ASHRAE's new residential ventilation standard SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE 2004 Expo CY JAN 26-28, 2004 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP ASHRAE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Performance Bldg Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sherman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Performance Bldg Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP S149 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 762BL UT WOS:000187950300017 ER PT S AU Sankaran, K Cassady, L Kodys, AD Choueiri, EY AF Sankaran, K Cassady, L Kodys, AD Choueiri, EY BE Belbruno, E Folta, D Gurfil, P TI A survey of propulsion options for cargo and piloted missions to Mars SO ASTRODYNAMICS, SPACE MISSIONS, AND CHAOS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY JAN 20-22, 2003 CL Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Analyt Graph Inc, Space Studies Inst, Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, Aviat Week & Space Technol Magazine, Innovat Orbital Design Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Hale & Dorr LLP, Natl Space Soc, NY Chapter HO Univ Maryland DE survey; propulsion options; missions to Mars ID MAGNETOPLASMADYNAMIC THRUSTER; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, high-power electric propulsion options are surveyed in the context of cargo and piloted missions to Mars. A low-thrust trajectory optimization program (RAPTOR) is utilized to analyze this mission. Candidate thrusters are chosen based upon demonstrated performance in the laboratory. Hall, self-field magnetoplasmadynamic (MPDT), self-field lithium Lorentz force accelerator (LiLFA), arcjet, and applied-field LiLFA systems are considered for this mission. In this first phase of the study, all thrusters are assumed to operate at a single power level (regardless of the efficiency-power curve), and the thruster specific mass and power plant specific mass are taken to be the same for all systems. Under these assumptions, for a 7.5 MW, 60 mT payload, piloted mission, the self-field LiLFA results in the shortest trip time (340 days) with a reasonable propellant mass fraction of 57 % (129 mT). For a 150kW, 9mT payload, cargo mission, both the applied-field LiLFA and the Hall thruster seem reasonable choices with propellant mass fractions of 42 to 45 % (7 to 8 mT). The Hall thrusters provide better trip times (530-570 days) compared to the applied-field LiLFA (710 days) for the relatively less demanding mission. C1 Princeton Univ, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sankaran, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Elect Propuls & Plasma Dynam Lab, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-512-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1017 BP 450 EP 467 DI 10.1196/annals.1311.027 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN58 UT WOS:000222978400026 PM 15220162 ER PT J AU Stanford, SA Dickinson, M Postman, M Ferguson, HC Lucas, RA Conselice, CJ Budavari, T Somerville, R AF Stanford, SA Dickinson, M Postman, M Ferguson, HC Lucas, RA Conselice, CJ Budavari, T Somerville, R TI The evolution of early-type field galaxies selected from a NICMOS map of the Hubble Deep Field North SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies ID HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; CAMPANAS INFRARED SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; STELLAR POPULATION; COMPLETE SAMPLE; FAINT GALAXIES; E/S0 GALAXIES AB The redshift distribution of well-defined samples of distant early-type galaxies offers a means to test the predictions of monolithic and hierarchical galaxy formation scenarios. NICMOS maps of the entire Hubble Deep Field North (HDF-N) in the F110W and F160W filters, when combined with the available Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) data, allow us to calculate photometric redshifts and determine the morphological appearance of galaxies at rest-frame optical wavelengths out to zsimilar to2.5. Here we report results for two subsamples of early-type galaxies, defined primarily by their morphologies in the F160W band, which were selected from the NICMOS data down to H-160AB<24.0. A primary subsample is defined as the 34 galaxies with early-type galaxy morphologies and early-type galaxy spectral energy distributions. The secondary subsample is defined as those 42 objects that have early-type galaxy morphologies with non-early-type galaxy spectral energy distributions. The observed redshift distributions of our two early-type samples do not match that predicted by a monolithic collapse model, which shows an overabundance at z>1.5. A test confirms this result. When the effects of passive luminosity evolution are included in the calculation, the mean value of V-max for the primary sample is 0.22+/-0.05, and it is 0.31+/-0.04 for all the early types. A hierarchical formation model better matches the redshift distribution of the HDF-N early types at z>1.5 but still does not adequately describe the observed early types. The hierarchical model predicts significantly bluer colors on average than the observed early-type colors and overpredicts the observed number of early types at zsimilar to1. Although the observed redshift distribution of the early-type galaxies in our HDF-NICMOS sample is better matched by a hierarchical galaxy formation model, the reliability of this conclusion is tempered by the restricted sampling area and relatively small number of early-type galaxies selected by our methods. For example, our results may be biased by the way the HDF-N appears to intersect a large-scale structure at zsimilar to1. The results of our study underscore the need for high-resolution imaging surveys that cover greater area to similar depth with similar quality photometry and wavelength coverage. Although similar in appearance in the H-160 data, the primary and secondary samples are otherwise rather different. The primary sample is redder, more luminous, larger, and apparently more massive than the secondary sample. Furthermore, the secondary sample shows morphologies in the optical WFPC2 images that are more often similar to late-type galaxies than is the case for the primary sample. The bluer secondary sample of early types have a star formation history that can be approximated by a Bruzual Charlot tau model or by a galaxy formed at high redshift with a small, recent starburst. Given the differences in their apparent stellar masses and current luminosities, it would seem unlikely that the secondary sample could evolve into galaxies of the primary sample. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Stanford, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; OI Postman, Marc/0000-0002-9365-7989; Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638 NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 131 EP 155 DI 10.1086/380612 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300013 ER PT J AU Rosati, P Tozzi, P Ettori, S Mainieri, V Demarco, R Stanford, SA Lidman, C Nonino, M Borgani, S Della Ceca, R Eisenhardt, P Holden, BP Norman, C AF Rosati, P Tozzi, P Ettori, S Mainieri, V Demarco, R Stanford, SA Lidman, C Nonino, M Borgani, S Della Ceca, R Eisenhardt, P Holden, BP Norman, C TI Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of RDCS 1252.9-2927, a massive cluster at z=1.24 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general galaxies : clusters : individual (RDCS 1252.9-2927); X-rays ID GALAXY CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; X-RAYS; EVOLUTION; SHOCKS; SOLAR AB We present deep Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the galaxy cluster RDCS 1252.9-2927, which was selected from the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey (RDCS) and confirmed by extensive spectroscopy with the Very Large Telescope at redshift z=1.237. With the Chandra data, the X-ray emission from the intracluster medium is well resolved and traced out to 500 kpc, thus allowing a measurement of the physical properties of the gas with unprecedented accuracy at this redshift. We detect a clear 6.7 keV iron K line in the Chandra spectrum providing a redshift within 1% of the spectroscopic one. By augmenting our spectroscopic analysis with the XMM-Newton data (MOS detectors only), we significantly narrow down the 1 sigma error bar to 10% for the temperature and 30% for the metallicity, with best-fit values kT=6.0(-0.5)(+0.7) keV, Z=0.36(-0.10)(+0.12) Z(circle dot). On the likely hypothesis of hydrostatic equilibrium, we measure a total mass of M-500=(1.9+/-0.3)10(14) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot within R(Delta=500)similar or equal to536 kpc. Overall, these observations imply that RDCS 1252.9-2927 is the most X-ray luminous and likely the most massive bona fide cluster discovered to date at z>1. When combined with current samples of distant clusters, these data lend further support to a mild evolution of the cluster scaling relations, as well the metallicity of the intracluster gas. Inspection of the cluster mass function in the current cosmological concordance model (h, Omega(m), Omega(Lambda))=(0.7, 0.3, 0.7) and sigma(8)=0.7-0.8 shows that RDCS 1252.9-2927 is an M* cluster at z=1.24, in keeping with number density expectations in the RDCS survey volume. C1 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Studi Roma Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Astron, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Rosati, P (reprint author), European So Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Ettori, Stefano/N-5004-2015; OI Ettori, Stefano/0000-0003-4117-8617; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439 NR 39 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1086/379857 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300018 ER PT J AU Alcock, C Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Clement, CM Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Muzzin, A Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Rowe, JF Sutherland, W Vandehei, T Welch, DL AF Alcock, C Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Clement, CM Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Muzzin, A Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Popowski, P Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Rowe, JF Sutherland, W Vandehei, T Welch, DL TI The MACHO project large Magellanic cloud variable-star inventory. XIII. Fourier parameters for the first-overtone RR Lyrae variables and the LMC distance SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts Magellanic Clouds; RR Lyrae variable ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; BAADE-WESSELINK ANALYSIS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NEAR-INFRARED SURVEYS; OMEGA-CENTAURI; LIGHT CURVES; NONRADIAL PULSATIONS; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; CCD PHOTOMETRY AB Shapes of RR Lyrae light curves can be described in terms of Fourier coefficients that past research has linked with physical characteristics such as luminosity, mass, and temperature. Fourier coefficients have been derived for the V and R light curves of 785 overtone RR Lyrae variables in 16 MACHO fields near the bar of the LMC. In general, the Fourier phase differences phi(21), phi(31), and phi(41) increase and the amplitude ratio R-21 decreases with increasing period. The coefficients for both the V and R magnitudes follow these patterns, but the phase differences for the R curves are on average slightly greater, and their amplitudes are about 20% smaller, than the ones for the V curves. The phi(31) and R-21 coefficients have been compared with those of the first-overtone RR Lyrae variables in the Galactic globular clusters NGC 6441, M107, M5, M3, M2, omega Centauri, and M68. The results indicate that many of the LMC variables have properties similar to the ones in M2, M3, M5, and the Oosterhoff type I variables in omega Cen, but they are different from the Oosterhoff type II variables in omega Cen. Equations derived from hydrodynamic pulsation models have been used to calculate the luminosity and temperature for the 330 bona fide first-overtone variables. The results indicate that they have log L in the range 1.6-1.8 L. and log T-eff between 3.85 and 3.87. Based on these temperatures, a mean color excess E(V-R) = 0.08 mag, equivalent to E(B-V) = 0.14 mag, has been estimated for these 330 stars. The 80 M5-like variables (selected according to their location in the phi(31)-log P plot) are used to determine an LMC distance. After correcting for the effects of extinction and crowding, a mean apparent magnitude [V-0] = 18.99 +/- 0.02 (statistical) +/- 0.16 (systematic) has been estimated for these 80 stars. Combining this with a mean absolute magnitude M-V = 0.56 +/- 0.06 for M5-like stars derived from Baade-Wesselink analyses, main-sequence fitting, Fourier parameters, and the trigonometric parallax of RR Lyrae, we derive an LMC distance modulus mu = 18.43 +/- 0.06 (statistical) +/- 0.16 (systematic) mag. The large systematic error arises from the difficulties of correcting for interstellar extinction and for crowding. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Alcock, C (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33d St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM alves@astro.columbia.edu; cclement@astro.utoronto.ca; adam.muzzin@utoronto.ca RI Quinn, Peter/B-3638-2013; OI Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 69 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 1 BP 334 EP 354 DI 10.1086/380617 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 770RU UT WOS:000188745300026 ER PT J AU Vestrand, WT Theiler, J Wozniak, PR AF Vestrand, WT Theiler, J Wozniak, PR TI Unsolved problems in observational astronomy. II. Focus on rapid response - mining the sky with "thinking" telescopes SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE instrumentation : miscellaneous; methods : observational; surveys ID ALL-SKY; VARIABILITY; SUPERNOVAE AB The existence of rapidly slewing robotic telescopes and fast alert distribution via the Internet is revolutionizing our capability to study the physics of fast astrophysical transients. But the salient challenge that optical time domain surveys must conquer is mining the torrent of data to recognize important transients in a scene full of normal variations. Humans simply do not have the attention span, memory, or reaction time required to recognize fast transients and rapidly respond. Autonomous robotic instrumentation with the ability to extract pertinent information from the data stream in real time will therefore be essential for recognizing transients and commanding rapid follow-up observations while the ephemeral behavior is still present. Here we discuss how the development and integration of three technologies: (1) robotic telescope networks; (2) machine learning; and (3) advanced database technology, can enable the construction of smart robotic telescopes, which we loosely call "thinking" telescopes, capable of mining the sky in real time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Vestrand, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM vestrand@nis.lanl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 477 EP 482 DI 10.1002/asna.200410268 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700004 ER PT J AU Vestrand, WT Borozdin, K Casperson, DJ Fenimore, E Galassi, M McGowan, K Starr, D White, RR Wozniak, P Wren, J AF Vestrand, WT Borozdin, K Casperson, DJ Fenimore, E Galassi, M McGowan, K Starr, D White, RR Wozniak, P Wren, J TI RAPTOR: Closed-loop monitoring of the night sky and the earliest optical detection of GRB 021211 SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE robotic telescopes; gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LONG AB We discuss the RAPTOR (Rapid Telescopes for Optical Response) sky monitoring system at Los Alamos National Laboratory. RAPTOR is a fully autonomous robotic system that is designed to identify and make follow-up observations of optical transients with durations as short as one minute. The RAPTOR design is based on Biomimicry of Human Vision. The sky monitor is composed of two identical arrays of telescopes, separated by 38 kilometers, which stereoscopically monitor a field of about 1300 square-degrees for transients. Both monitoring arrays are carried on rapidly slewing mounts and are composed of an ensemble of wide-field telescopes clustered around a more powerful narrow-field telescope called the "fovea" telescope. All telescopes are coupled to real-time analysis pipelines that identify candidate transients and relay the information to a central decision unit that filters the candidates to find real celestial transients and command a response. When a celestial transient is found, the system can point the fovea telescopes to any position on the sky within five seconds and begin follow-up observations. RAPTOR also responds to Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) alerts generated by GRB monitoring spacecraft. Here we present RAPTOR observations of GRB 021211 that constitute the earliest detection of optical emission from that event and are the second fastest achieved for any GRB. The detection of bright optical emission from GRB021211, a burst with modest gamma-ray fluence, indicates that prompt optical emission, detectable with small robotic telescopes, is more common than previously thought. Further, the very fast decline of the optical afterglow from GRB 021211 suggests that some so-called "optically dark" GRBs were not detected only because of the slow response of the follow-up telescopes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Vestrand, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-1,MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM vestrand@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1002/asna.200410277 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700018 ER PT J AU Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Boroski, B Adelman-McCarthy, J Yanny, B Kent, S Stoughton, C Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Rockosi, CM Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Richards, GT Eisenstein, D Nicinski, T Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Newman, PR Snedden, S Thakar, AR Szalay, A Munn, JA Smith, JA Tucker, D Lee, BC AF Ivezic, Z Lupton, RH Schlegel, D Boroski, B Adelman-McCarthy, J Yanny, B Kent, S Stoughton, C Finkbeiner, D Padmanabhan, N Rockosi, CM Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Strauss, MA Richards, GT Eisenstein, D Nicinski, T Kleinman, SJ Krzesinski, J Newman, PR Snedden, S Thakar, AR Szalay, A Munn, JA Smith, JA Tucker, D Lee, BC TI SDSS data management and photometric quality assessment SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE surveys; techniques; photometric; methods; data analysis; stars; fundamental parameters; stars; statistics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; GALAXY SAMPLE; SYSTEM AB We summarize the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data acquisition and processing steps, and describe runQA, a pipeline designed for automated data quality assessment. In particular, we show how the position of the stellar locus in color-color diagrams can be used to estimate the accuracy of photometric zeropoint calibration to better than 0.01 mag in 0.03 deg(2) patches. Using this method, we estimate that typical photometric zeropoint calibration errors for SDSS imaging data are not larger than similar to0.01 mag in the g, r, and i bands, 0.02 mag in the z band, and 0.03 mag in the u band (root-mean-scatter for zeropoint offsets). C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ivezic, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ivezic@astro.princeton.edu RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 24 TC 397 Z9 399 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1002/asna.200410285 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700028 ER PT J AU Perez-Ramirez, D Park, HS Williams, GG AF Perez-Ramirez, D Park, HS Williams, GG CA Superlotis Team TI Super-LOTIS (livermore optical transient imaging system) SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Potsdam Thinkshop Meeting on Robotic Astronomy CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Potsdam, GERMANY DE telescopes; gamma rays AB The 0.6-m Super-LOTIS telescope is a fully robotic system dedicated to the search for prompt optical emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The telescope began routine operations from its Steward Observatory site atop Kitt Peak (KPNO) in April 2000. This system is capable of responding to the Gamma-ray burst Coordinate Network (GCN) triggers within seconds. Together with LOTIS, these systems have been monitoring the GCN real-time data for automatic HETE2 GRB triggers. We will summarize the current capabilities of the system and present recent scientific results. C1 Univ Jaen, Dept Fis, EPS, Jaen 23071, Spain. European Space Agcy, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Univ Jaen, Dept Fis, EPS, Virgen Cabeza 2, Jaen 23071, Spain. EM park1@llnl.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 2004 VL 325 IS 6-8 BP 667 EP 668 DI 10.1002/asna.200410321 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 870QK UT WOS:000225072700057 ER PT J AU Kaisler, D Zuckerman, B Song, I Macintosh, BA Weinberger, AJ Becklin, EE Konopacky, QM Patience, J AF Kaisler, D Zuckerman, B Song, I Macintosh, BA Weinberger, AJ Becklin, EE Konopacky, QM Patience, J TI HD 199143 and HD 358623: Two recently identified members of the beta Pictoris Moving Group SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : individual : HD 199143, HD 358623; stars : circumstellar matter; open clusters and associations : individual : beta Pictoris ID INFRARED STANDARD STARS; SPECTROMETER; CANDIDATES; CAMERA AB HD 199143 and HD 358623 (BD-17degrees6128) are two sets of binary stars which are physically associated and 48 pc from Earth. We present heliocentric radial velocities and high lithium abundances which establish these stars as members of the similar to12 Myr-old beta Pictoris Moving Group. We also present mid-IR photometric measurements which show no firm evidence for warm dust around all four stars. C1 UC Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. UC Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kaisler, D (reprint author), UC Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM Kaisler@astro.ucla.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 414 IS 1 BP 175 EP 179 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031598 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 762XP UT WOS:000188009900019 ER PT J AU Castanheira, BG Kepler, SO Moskalik, P Zola, S Pajdosz, G Krzesinski, J O'Donoghue, D Katz, M Buckley, D Vauclair, G Dolez, N Chevreton, M Barstow, MA Kanaan, A Giovannini, O Provencal, J Kawaler, SD Clemens, JC Nather, RE Winget, DE Watson, TK Yanagida, K Dixson, JS Hansen, CJ Bradley, PA Wood, MA Sullivan, DJ Kleinman, SJ Meistas, E Solheim, JE Bruvold, A Leibowitz, E Mazeh, T Koester, D Montgomery, MH AF Castanheira, BG Kepler, SO Moskalik, P Zola, S Pajdosz, G Krzesinski, J O'Donoghue, D Katz, M Buckley, D Vauclair, G Dolez, N Chevreton, M Barstow, MA Kanaan, A Giovannini, O Provencal, J Kawaler, SD Clemens, JC Nather, RE Winget, DE Watson, TK Yanagida, K Dixson, JS Hansen, CJ Bradley, PA Wood, MA Sullivan, DJ Kleinman, SJ Meistas, E Solheim, JE Bruvold, A Leibowitz, E Mazeh, T Koester, D Montgomery, MH TI Observations of the pulsating white dwarf G 185-32 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : white dwarfs; stars : variables : general; stars : oscillations; stars : individual : G 185-32; stars : evolution ID ZZ-CETI STARS; MODE-IDENTIFICATION; GRAVITY MODES; G29-38; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; TELESCOPE; ROTATION; SPECTRA; SYSTEM AB We observed the pulsating hydrogen atmosphere white dwarf G 185-32 with the Whole Earth Telescope in 1992. We report on a weighted Fourier transform of the data detecting 18 periodicities in its light curve. Using the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph time resolved spectroscopy, and the wavelength dependence of the relative amplitudes, we identify the spherical harmonic degree (l) for 14 pulsation signals. We also compare the determinations of effective temperature and surface gravity using the excited modes and atmospheric methods, obtaining T-eff = 11 960 +/- 80 K, log g = 8.02 +/- 0.04 and M = 0.617 +/- 0.024 M-circle dot. C1 Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, CNRS, UMR5572, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Observ Paris, DAEC, F-92195 Meudon, France. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Univ Caxias do Sul, Dept Quim & Fis, BR-95001970 Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. SW Univ, Georgetown, TX 78627 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Florida Inst Technol, SARA Observ, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. Apache Pt Observ, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Tromso, Inst Fys, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Castanheira, BG (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RI Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; OI Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 413 IS 2 BP 623 EP 634 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031567 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 754WU UT WOS:000187356500021 ER PT B AU Poon, AWP AF Poon, AWP BE Barone, M Borchi, E Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, PL Ruchti, R TI Solving the solar neutrino problem 2 krn underground - The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS , DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL Lake Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA ID OSCILLATIONS; MATTER AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) is capable of measuring simultaneously the flux of electron-type neutrinos and the total flux of all active flavours of neutrinos originating from the Sun. A model-independent test of neutrino flavour transformation was performed by comparing these two measurements. Assuming an undistorted neutrino energy spectrum, this transformation has been definitively demonstrated in the pure D2O phase of the SNO experiment. In the second phase with dissolved NaCl in the D2O, the total active solar neutrino flux was measured without any assumption on the energy dependence of flavour transformation. In this talk, results from these measurements, their physics implications and the current status of the SNO experiment are presented. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poon, AWP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM awpoon@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-860-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2004 VL 2 BP 121 EP 130 DI 10.1142/9789812702708_0019 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL66 UT WOS:000229930000019 ER PT B AU Yarba, J AF Yarba, J CA BTeV ECAL Grp BE Barone, M Borchi, E Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, PL Ruchti, R TI Electromagnetic calorimeter of the BTEV experiment SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS , DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL Lake Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA AB The BTeV experiment at Fermilab will install an electromagnetic calorimeter built of Lead Tungstate crystals instrumented with photomiltiplier tubes, to provide excelent energy and position resolution, compact shower size, and radiation hardness. Variations of light collections will be controlled via contiuous calibration. Combined with refined reconstruction tools this will ensure excelent detection of and no's which is crucial to studies of CP violations in B decays and rare decays of B's to explore physics beyond the Standard Model. Test beam studies have been carried out under conditions close to what is expected in BTeV to prove that the requirements can be met. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yarba, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yarba_j@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-860-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2004 VL 2 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1142/9789812702708_0039 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL66 UT WOS:000229930000039 ER PT B AU Shank, J Adams, D Assamagan, K Fisyak, Y Mair, K Nairz, A Poppleton, A Rosati, S Spogli, L Stavropoulos, G Cataldi, G Gorini, E Primavera, M Spagnolo, S Goldfarb, S Biglietti, M Carlino, G Conventi, F Merola, L Farilla, A Verducci, M Lagouri, T Biglietti, M AF Shank, J Adams, D Assamagan, K Fisyak, Y Mair, K Nairz, A Poppleton, A Rosati, S Spogli, L Stavropoulos, G Cataldi, G Gorini, E Primavera, M Spagnolo, S Goldfarb, S Biglietti, M Carlino, G Conventi, F Merola, L Farilla, A Verducci, M Lagouri, T Biglietti, M BE Barone, M Borchi, E Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, PL Ruchti, R TI Muon identification and combined reconstruction for the ATLAS detector at CERN-LHC SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS , DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL Lake Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA AB A robust muon reconstruction and identification is crucial to fully exploit the physics potential of the ATLAS experiment at LHC. The ATLAS detector is characterized by two high precision tracking systems, the Inner Detector and the Muon System, and a thick calorimeter that ensures a safe hadron absorption filtering with high purity muons with energy above 3 GeV/c. In order to combine the tracks reconstructed in the Inner Detector and the Muon System, the MuonIdentification (MUID) Object-Oriented software package, currently under development, has been used. While the combination of the momentum measurement improves the resolution in the range from 6 GeV/c up to 100 GeV/c, the matching of the muon track reconstructed independently in the Inner Detector and in the Muon Spectrometer also allows an efficient rejection of muons from secondary interactions. The reconstruction performances with simulated single muons samples of fixed transverse momentum from 3 GeV/c up to 1 TeV/c is presented. In addition, preliminary results on the reconstruction of some physics channel and on the rejection of muons coming from K/pi decays in flight are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shank, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI spagnolo, stefania/A-6359-2012 OI spagnolo, stefania/0000-0001-7482-6348 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-860-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2004 VL 2 BP 443 EP 447 DI 10.1142/9789812702708_0064 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL66 UT WOS:000229930000064 ER PT B AU Gollwitzer, KE AF Gollwitzer, KE BE Barone, M Borchi, E Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, PL Ruchti, R TI Fermilab Run 2 accelerator status and upgrades SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS , DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL Lake Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA AB The Fermilab accelerator complex has delivered > 325pb(-1) since the beginning of Fermilab Run 2 to both CDF and DO experiments. The initial luminosity for stores is routinely > 40e30cm(-2)s(-1). The status of the accelerators used for Run 2 and the plans for upgrading the luminosity are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gollwitzer, KE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gollwitz@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-860-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2004 VL 2 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1142/9789812702708_0084 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL66 UT WOS:000229930000084 ER PT B AU Bebek, CJ Groom, DE Holland, SE Karcher, A Kolbe, WF Palaio, NP Turko, BT Wang, G Uslenghi, M AF Bebek, CJ Groom, DE Holland, SE Karcher, A Kolbe, WF Palaio, NP Turko, BT Wang, G Uslenghi, M BE Barone, M Borchi, E Leroy, C Rancoita, PG Riboni, PL Ruchti, R TI Radiation damage measurements and modelling of P-channel CCDS irradiated with 12 and 55 mev protons SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE AND SPACE PHYSICS , DETECTORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics CY OCT 06-10, 2003 CL Lake Como, ITALY SP INFN, ESA AB Fully-depleted, high resistivity CCDs have been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to achieve extended red response to beyond 1 mu m. The n-type silicon used has been show to be radiation hard in high energy physics experiments. Demonstrating radiation tolerance in p-channel CCDs fabricated in this material is of particular interest to the SuperNova Acceleration Probe space mission. Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) of devices irradiated with 12 and 55 MeV protons is presented as a function of the radiation dose and temperature. An analytical model of the CTE has been developed and used to fit the data in order to extract information about the traps types and their density. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bebek, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM uslenghi@mi.iasf.cnr.it NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-860-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2004 VL 2 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1142/9789812702708_0090 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCL66 UT WOS:000229930000090 ER PT J AU Rhodes, J Refregier, A Massey, R Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G Ellis, R Jain, B Kim, A Lampton, M McKay, T Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Baltay, C Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bester, M Bigelow, B Bohlin, R Bonissent, A Bower, C Brown, M Campbell, M Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Emmet, W Eriksson, M Fouchez, D Fruchter, A Genat, JF Gerdes, D Gladney, L Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Johnston, W Karcher, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Kushner, G Kuznetsova, N Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Levi, M Linder, E Loken, S Lorenzon, W Malina, R Mazure, A McKee, S Miquel, R Morgan, N Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Rabinowitz, D Robinson, K Roe, N Rusin, D Schubnell, M Sholl, M Smadja, G Smith, R Smoot, G Snyder, J Spadafora, A Szymkowiak, A Tarle, G Taylor, K Tilquin, A Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, JP Wang, G AF Rhodes, J Refregier, A Massey, R Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G Ellis, R Jain, B Kim, A Lampton, M McKay, T Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Baltay, C Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bester, M Bigelow, B Bohlin, R Bonissent, A Bower, C Brown, M Campbell, M Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Emmet, W Eriksson, M Fouchez, D Fruchter, A Genat, JF Gerdes, D Gladney, L Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Johnston, W Karcher, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Kushner, G Kuznetsova, N Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Levi, M Linder, E Loken, S Lorenzon, W Malina, R Mazure, A McKee, S Miquel, R Morgan, N Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Rabinowitz, D Robinson, K Roe, N Rusin, D Schubnell, M Sholl, M Smadja, G Smith, R Smoot, G Snyder, J Spadafora, A Szymkowiak, A Tarle, G Taylor, K Tilquin, A Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, JP Wang, G TI Weak lensing from space I: instrumentation and survey strategy SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; dark energy; instrumentation ID PROTON RADIATION-DAMAGE; SILICON; CCDS AB A wide-field space-based imaging telescope is necessary to fully exploit the technique of observing dark matter via weak gravitational lensing. This first paper in a three part series outlines the survey strategies and relevant instrumental parameters for such a mission. As a concrete example of hardware design, we consider the proposed Supernoval Acceleration Probe (SNAP). Using SNAP engineering models, we quantify the major contributions to this telescope's point spread function (PSF). These PSF contributions are relevant to any similar wide-field space telescope. We further show that the PSF of SNAP or a similar telescope will be smaller than current ground-based PSFs, and more isotropic and stable over time than the PSF of the Hubble Space Telescope. We outline survey strategies for two different regimes-a "wide" 300 square degree survey and a "deep" 15 square degree survey that will accomplish various weak lensing goals including statistical studies and dark matter mapping. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Astron Inst, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Stockholm, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75794 Paris 16, France. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. CNS, INSU, LAM, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Lyon 1, CNS, IN2P3, IPNL, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Rhodes, J (reprint author), CALTECH, 105-24,1201 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM rhodes@astro.caltech.edu RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; McKee, Shawn/B-6435-2012; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; McKee, Shawn/0000-0002-4551-4502; malina, roger/0000-0003-3399-3865; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2003.10.002 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 763RT UT WOS:000188114800001 ER PT J AU Kuo, CL Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Cantalupo, C Daub, MD Goldstein, J Holzapfel, WL Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Ruhl, J Runyan, MC Torbet, E AF Kuo, CL Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Cantalupo, C Daub, MD Goldstein, J Holzapfel, WL Lange, AE Lueker, M Newcomb, M Peterson, JB Ruhl, J Runyan, MC Torbet, E TI High-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum with ACBAR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology : observations ID ANGULAR SCALE INTERFEROMETER; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; DAMPING TAIL; SOUTH-POLE; ANISOTROPY; RADIATION; SUBMILLIMETER; FLUCTUATIONS; BOOMERANG; IMAGER AB We report the first measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation with the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR). The instrument was installed on the 2.1 m Viper telescope at the South Pole in 2001 January; the data presented here are the product of observations up to and including 2002 July. We present two deep differential maps produced by subtracting leading and trailing observations from the main field. The differential maps cover approximately 24 deg(2) of sky selected for low dust contrast. These results represent the highest signal-to-noise ratio observations of CMB anisotropy to date; in the deepest 150 GHz band map, we reached an rms of similar to 8.0 muK per 5' beam. The 3degrees extent of the maps and small beam size of the experiment allow the measurement of the CMB anisotropy power spectrum over the range l = 150-3000 with resolution of Deltal = 150. The contributions of galactic dust and radio sources to the observed anisotropy are negligible and are removed in the analysis. The resulting power spectrum is found to be consistent with the primary anisotropy expected in a concordance LambdaCDM universe. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kuo, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall 730, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Peterson, Jeffrey/O-4794-2014; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 OI Peterson, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1340-818X; NR 56 TC 306 Z9 307 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 32 EP 51 DI 10.1086/379783 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600004 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Zane, S Cropper, M Kennea, JA Cordova, FA Ho, C Sasseen, T Vestrand, WT AF McGowan, KE Zane, S Cropper, M Kennea, JA Cordova, FA Ho, C Sasseen, T Vestrand, WT TI XMM-Newton observations of PSR B1706-44 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR B1706-44); stars : neutron; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY-EMISSION; TIMING-EXPLORER OBSERVATION; PSR B1706-44; NEUTRON-STAR; VELA PULSAR; SOUTHERN PULSARS; EGRET OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA-RAYS; RADIO; G343.1-2.3 AB We report on the XMM-Newton observations of the young 102 ms pulsar PSR B1706-44. We have found that both a blackbody plus power law and a magnetized atmospheric model plus power law provide an excellent fit to the European Photon Imaging Camera ( EPIC) spectra. The two scenarios are therefore indistinguishable on a statistical basis, although we are inclined to prefer the latter on physical grounds. In this case, assuming a source distance of similar to 2.3 kpc, the size of the region responsible for the thermal emission is R approximate to 13 km, compatible with the surface of a neutron star. A comparison of the surface temperature of PSR B1706 - 44 obtained from this fit with cooling curves favors a medium-mass neutron star with M similar to 1.45 or similar to 1.59 M-., depending on two different models of proton superfluidity in the interior. The large collecting area of XMM-Newton allows us to resolve a substructure in the broad soft X-ray modulation detected by Chandra, revealing the presence of two separate peaks with pulsed fractions of 7% +/- 4% and 15% +/- 3%, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Chancellors Off, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcgowan@lanl.gov RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 1 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1086/379787 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 764KG UT WOS:000188205600030 ER PT J AU Liebendorfer, M Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Bruenn, SW Cardall, CY Thielemann, FK AF Liebendorfer, M Messer, OEB Mezzacappa, A Bruenn, SW Cardall, CY Thielemann, FK TI A finite difference representation of neutrino radiation hydrodynamics in spherically symmetric general relativistic spacetime SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; neutrinos; radiative transfer; relativity; supernovae : general ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; II SUPERNOVAE; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; MASSIVE STARS; STELLAR CORES; INFALL EPOCH; TRANSPORT; BOLTZMANN AB We present an implicit finite difference representation for general relativistic radiation hydrodynamics in spherical symmetry. Our code, AGILE-BOLTZTRAN, solves the Boltzmann transport equation for the angular and spectral neutrino distribution functions in self-consistent simulations of stellar core collapse and postbounce evolution. It implements a dynamically adaptive grid in comoving coordinates. A comoving frame in the momentum phase space facilitates the evaluation and tabulation of neutrino-matter interaction cross sections but produces a multitude of observer corrections in the transport equation. Most macroscopically interesting physical quantities are defined by expectation values of the distribution function. We optimize the finite differencing of the microscopic transport equation for a consistent evolution of important expectation values. We test our code in simulations launched from progenitor stars with 13 solar masses and 40 solar masses. Half a second after core collapse and bounce, the protoneutron star in the latter case reaches its maximum mass and collapses further to form a black hole. When the hydrostatic gravitational contraction sets in, we find a transient increase in electron flavor neutrino luminosities due to a change in the accretion rate. The mu- and tau-neutrino luminosities and rms energies, however, continue to rise because previously shock-heated material with a nondegenerate electron gas starts to replace the cool degenerate material at their production site. We demonstrate this by supplementing the concept of neutrinospheres with a more detailed statistical description of the origin of escaping neutrinos. Adhering to our tradition, we compare the evolution of the 13 M-. progenitor star to corresponding simulations with the multigroup flux-limited diffusion approximation, based on a recently developed flux limiter. We find similar results in the postbounce phase and validate this MGFLD approach for the spherically symmetric case with standard input physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 88 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 150 IS 1 BP 263 EP 316 DI 10.1086/380191 PG 54 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 768GM UT WOS:000188535300009 ER PT J AU Schlattl, H Heger, A Oberhummer, H Rauscher, T Csoto, A AF Schlattl, H Heger, A Oberhummer, H Rauscher, T Csoto, A TI Sensitivity of the C and O production on the 3 alpha rate SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; late-type; evolution; interiors ID METAL-POOR STARS; MASSIVE STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; HELIUM FLASH; EVOLUTION; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NUCLEAR; CARBON; C-12(ALPHA,GAMMA)O-16 AB We investigate the dependence of the carbon and oxygen production in stars on the 3alpha rate by varying the energy of the 0(2)(+)-state of (12)C and determine the resulting yields for a selection of low-mass, intermediate-mass and massive stars. The yields are obtained using modern stellar evolution codes that follow the entire evolution of massive stars, including the supernova explosion, and consider in detail the 3rd dredge-up process during the thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch of low-mass and intermediate-mass stars. Our results show that the C and O production in massive stars depends strongly on the initial mass, and that it is crucial to follow the entire evolution. A rather strong C production during the He-shell flashes compared to quiescent He burning leads to a lower sensitivity of the C and O production in low-mass and intermediate-mass stars on the 3alpha-rate than predicted in our previous work. In particular, the C production of intermediate-mass stars seems to have a maximum close to the actual value of the 0(2)(+) energy level of (12)C. C1 Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Austrian Univ, Atominst, Vienna, Austria. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Atom Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. RP Schlattl, H (reprint author), Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. EM hs@astro.livjm.ac.uk RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Schlattl, Helmut/M-9846-2014 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Schlattl, Helmut/0000-0002-3365-7821 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PY 2004 VL 291 IS 1 BP 27 EP 56 DI 10.1023/B:ASTR.0000029953.05806.47 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 826CF UT WOS:000221805800003 ER PT S AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ BE Karshenboim, SG TI Time varying fundamental constants, extra dimensions and the renormalization group SO ASTROPHYSICS, CLOCKS AND FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 302nd WE-Heraeus Seminar on Astrophysics, Clocks and Fundamental Constants CY JUN, 2003 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY SP WE Heraeus Stift ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; UNIFIED GAUGE-THEORIES; COSMOLOGY; UNIFICATION; SEARCH AB Time varying fundamental constants find a natural setting in the cosmology of extra space-time dimensions. Changes in the sizes of additional compact spatial dimensions manifest themselves as modifications of coupling strengths and masses in our effective low energy four-dimensional world. Those variations and their interconnection are best studied using the renormalization group equations of the Standard Allodel or its supersymmetric and grand unified extensions. A generic analysis predicts that time changes in the fine structure constant, a, are relatively suppressed by vacuum polarization effects while the QCD coupling variation is relatively enhanced due to asymptotic freedom. The latter effect suggests that time changes in the proton to electron mass ratio, m(p)/m(e), may be a particularly sensitive probe of the physics of extra dimensions, with the sign (+/-) of the variation relative to other changing quantities differentiating possible cosmologies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-21967-6 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2004 VL 648 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BAU25 UT WOS:000223571400006 ER PT B AU Herwig, F AF Herwig, F BE Meixner, M Kastner, JH Balick, B Soker, N TI AGB evolution SO ASYMMETRICAL PLANETARY NEBULAE III SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Asymmetrical Planetary Nebulae III CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2003 CL Mt Rainier, WA ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; ELLIPTIC PLANETARY-NEBULAE; METAL-POOR STARS; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; S-PROCESS; WHITE-DWARFS; RED GIANTS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ROTATION; MASS AB Recent models of rotating Asymptotic Giant Branch stars have difficulties to account for observed s-process features in these stars. White dwarf rotation rates from asterioseismology may corroborate the impression that some important model ingredient is missing. In this context the proposal of Spruit (1998) is discussed that even weak magnetic fields enforce rigid rotation throughout the successive evolutionary phases. Rotationally induced mixing at the core-envelope interface of the AGB star may then be much weaker and only due to meridional circulation. The concept of the s-process in the interpulse phase under radiative conditions may then be reinstated, and even improved by means to account for the observed spread in s-process efficiency. I will also briefly review recent models of Z=0 AGB stars. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Herwig, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-168-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2004 VL 313 BP 387 EP 393 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAY57 UT WOS:000224232900088 ER PT J AU Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Kim, JJ AF Singer, BC Hodgson, AT Hotchi, T Kim, JJ TI Passive measurement of nitrogen oxides to assess traffic-related pollutant exposure for the East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen dioxide; schools; freeways; passive sampler ID AIR-POLLUTION; AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST; INDOOR; NO2; MOTORWAYS; OUTDOOR; DIOXIDE; IMPACT AB The East Bay Children's Respiratory Health Study is examining associations between traffic-related pollutant exposures and respiratory health among children who reside and attend schools at varied proximity to northern California freeways. Chronic exposures are being inferred from outdoor pollutant concentrations at neighborhood schools. This paper reports primarily weeklong integrated NO2 and NOx concentrations measured with passive samplers placed outside at 10 elementary schools during 14 weeks in spring and 8 weeks in fall 2001. Measurements were also made outside selected student residences to examine spatial variability within three school neighborhoods. Regional concentrations of NO2 and NOx varied widely from week to week. School site data were normalized to measurements at a nearby regional monitoring station to facilitate analysis of relative pollutant exposures at the neighborhood schools. Normalized concentrations were consistent at each school throughout the study. Schools located upwind or far downwind of freeways were generally indistinguishable from one another and regional pollution levels. For school and neighborhood sites within 350 m downwind of a freeway, concentrations increased with decreasing downwind distance. The highest normalized concentrations occurred at a school located directly adjacent to a major freeway and a shopping center. In this case, normalized NO2 and NOx were similar to 60% and similar to 100% higher than regional background levels. At three schools within 130-230 m downwind of a freeway, normalized NO2 and NOx were similar to 20-30 % and similar to 50-80 % higher than regional levels. Validation testing of the passive samplers indicated precision of better than 5% for both NO2 and NOx when samplers were deployed outside for 1-week periods. Passive sampler results agreed with co-located chemiluminescence measurements to within 8% for NO2 and 3% for NOx. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, EO Lawrence Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Air Toxicol & Epidemiol Sect, Oakland, CA USA. RP Singer, BC (reprint author), Dept Atmospher Sci, Environm Energy Technol Div, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 51-208, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bcsinger@lbl.gov RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 20 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 3 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768PA UT WOS:000188550300005 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR AF Schultz, DR TI Subramanian Raman (1938-2003) SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS 6372,Bldg 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schultzd@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2003.11.004 PG 1 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 763BE UT WOS:000188048800001 ER PT S AU Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL Abdallah, J AF Fontes, CJ Zhang, HL Abdallah, J BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI An overview of relativistic distorted-wave cross sections SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; GENERALIZED BREIT INTERACTION; MAGNETIC SUBLEVELS; ELECTRON-IMPACT; COLLISION STRENGTHS; IONIZATION; EXCITATION; TRANSITIONS; INCLUSION; ATOMS AB Over the past twenty years significant progress has been made in calculating the vast amounts of relativistic atomic data that are required to model heavy element, non-LTE plasmas. A number of the relevant processes, including electron-impact excitation, photoionization, autoionization and electron-impact ionization, involve the computation of continuum electron wavefunctions. If the plasma consists of ions with sufficiently high charge, then the distorted-wave approximation is valid and can be used to compute these continuum orbitals and the corresponding cross sections. An overview of the relativistic distorted-wave approach is provided with an aim toward underscoring the similarities and differences with the longer established, nonrelativistic and semi-relativistic approaches. An example for extending the distorted-wave approach to less highly charged systems via the inclusion of resonance contributions to the cross sections is provided. Related topics, such as the top-up contribution, the high energy (Bethe) cross section limit. the Breit and Moller interactions, and transitions among magnetic sublevels are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fontes, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400005 ER PT S AU Koch, JA Barbee, TW Dalhed, S Haan, S Izumi, N Lee, RW Welser, LA Mancini, RC Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, D Sangster, TC Smalyuk, VA Soures, JM Klein, L Golovkin, I AF Koch, JA Barbee, TW Dalhed, S Haan, S Izumi, N Lee, RW Welser, LA Mancini, RC Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, D Sangster, TC Smalyuk, VA Soures, JM Klein, L Golovkin, I BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Core temperature and density gradients in ICF SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID PLASMA AB We have developed a multiple monochromatic x-ray imaging diagnostic that uses an array of pinholes coupled to a multilayer Bragg mirror, and we have used this diagnostic to obtain unique multispectral imaging data of inertial-confinement fusion implosion plasmas. Argon dopants in the fuel allow emission images to be obtained in the Ar He-beta and Ly-beta spectral bands, and these images provide information on core temperature and density profiles. We have analyzed these images to obtain quasi-three-dimensional maps of electron temperature and scaled electron density within the core for several cases of drive symmetry, and we find quantitative and qualitative disagreement with one-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations. We also observed a two-lobed structure evolving for increasingly prolatc-asymmetric drive. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Koch, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400006 ER PT S AU May, MJ Beiersdorfer, P Schneider, M Terracol, S Wong, KL Fournier, K Wilson, B Scofield, JH Reed, KJ Brown, G Porter, FS Kelley, R Kilbourne, CA Boyce, KR AF May, MJ Beiersdorfer, P Schneider, M Terracol, S Wong, KL Fournier, K Wilson, B Scofield, JH Reed, KJ Brown, G Porter, FS Kelley, R Kilbourne, CA Boyce, KR BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Measuring the ionization balance of gold in a low-density plasma of importance to ICF SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID BEAM ION-TRAP; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; ELECTRON-BEAM; X-RAY; ATOMIC PROCESSES; CROSS-SECTIONS; ASTROPHYSICS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; PACKAGE AB Charge state distributions (CSDs) have been determined in low density (approximate to 10(12) cm(-3)) gold plasmas having either a monoenergetic beam (E-Beam = 2.66, 3.53 and 4.54 keV) or experimentally simulated thermal electron distributions (T-e = 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 keV). These plasmas were created in the Livermore electron beam ion traps EBIT-I and EBIT-II. Line emission and radiative recombination features of Ni to Kr-like gold ions were recorded in the x-ray region with a crystal spectrometer and a photometrically calibrated microcalorimeter. The CSDs in the experimentally simulated thermal plasmas were inferred by fitting the observed 4f-->3d and 5f-->3d lines with synthetic spectra from the Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC). Additionally, the CSDs in the beam plasmas were inferred both from fitting the line emission and fitting the radiative recombination emission to calculations from the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Program (GRASP). Despite the relatively simple atomic physics in the low density plasma, differences existed between the experimental CSDs and the simulations from several available codes (e.g. RIGEL). Our experimental CSD relied upon accurate electron impact cross sections provided by HULLAC. To determine their reliability, we have experimentally determined the cross sections for several of the n=3-->4 and n=3-->5 excitations in Ni to Ga-like Au and compared them to distorted wave calculations. Recent Au spectra recorded during experiments at the HELEN laser facility are presented and compared with those from EBIT-I and EBIT-II. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP May, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-260, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400007 ER PT S AU Heeter, RF Hansen, SB Beiersdorfer, P Foord, ME Fournier, KB Froula, DH Mackinnon, AJ May, MJ Schneider, MB Young, BKF AF Heeter, RF Hansen, SB Beiersdorfer, P Foord, ME Fournier, KB Froula, DH Mackinnon, AJ May, MJ Schneider, MB Young, BKF BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Experiments on the scaling of ionization balance vs. electron and radiation temperature in non-LTE gold plasmas SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; AU PLASMA; WORKSHOP AB Understanding and predicting the behavior of high-Z non-LTE plasmas is important for developing indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. Extending earlier work from the Nova laser, we present results from experiments using the Omega laser to study the ionization balance of gold as a function of electron and radiation temperature. In these experiments, gold samples embedded in Be disks expand under direct laser heating to ne approximate to 10(21) cm(3), with T-e varying from 0.8 to 2.5 keV. An additional finite radiation field with effective temperature T,. up to 150 eV is provided by placing the gold-Be disks inside truncated 1.2 mm diameter tungsten-coated cylindrical hohlraums with full laser entrance holes. Densities are measured by imaging of plasma expansion. Electron temperatures are diagnosed with either 2omega or 4omega Thomson scattering, and also K-shell spectroscopy of KCl tracers co-mixed with the gold. Hohlraum flux and effective radiation temperature are measured using an absolutely-calibrated multichannel filtered diode array. Spectroscopic measurements of the M-shell gold emission in the 2.9-4 keV spectral range provide ionization balance and charge state distribution information. The spectra show strong variation with T-e, strong variation with the applied T-r at T-e below 1.6 keV, and relatively little variation with T-r at higher T-e (upwards of 2 keV). We summarize our most recent spectral analyses and discuss emerging and outstanding issues. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heeter, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400011 ER PT S AU Sako, M Watanabe, S AF Sako, M Watanabe, S BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI X-ray line emission from optically-thick astrophysical media SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER; PARTIAL REDISTRIBUTION; SPECTRUM; SOLAR AB Radiative transfer effects are capable of producing line spectra that differ markedly from those emitted from an optically-thin medium. Line photons that travel through an optically-thick medium may suffer multiple non-coherent scatterings, which can alter substantially the profiles of the emergent spectrum. Line transfer can also affect the emergent line intensities through destructive processes in which the energy is either re-radiated through other discrete transitions or is used in heating the ambient plasma. There are numerous astrophysical scenarios where transfer of Xray lines may be relevant, including ionized surface layers of accretion disks, stellar winds in X-ray binaries, outflowing regions in active galactic nuclei, circumstellar environment of cosmic gamma-ray bursts, and even in the intergalactic medium of clusters of galaxies. Here, we focus on three specific transfer problems that are important for modeling and interpreting astrophysical X-ray spectra acquired with the grating spectrometers on board the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories: (1) Compton scattering of emission lines, (2) fluorescent line emission from L-shell ions, and (3) overlap of two or more lines. We describe the relevant atomic processes, spectroscopic issues, and useful computational methods for solving these types of problems. C1 SLAC, KIPAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sako, M (reprint author), SLAC, KIPAC, M-S 29,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 117 EP 126 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400013 ER PT S AU Mazevet, S Kress, J Collins, LA AF Mazevet, S Kress, J Collins, LA BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Quantum molecular dynamical simulations of warm, dense matter SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HYDROGEN PLASMA; FLUID; HOT; HUGONIOT; TRANSITION AB We present an overview of Quantum Molecular Dynamics simulations applied to the general regime of warm, dense matter. The method provides a consistent set of static, dynamical, electrical, and optical properties for matter over a wide range of conditions from gases to solids. We demonstrate this capability through several illustrative examples: the equations of state of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen oxide; the viscosity of plutonium; and the optical properties of aluminum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smazevet@lanl.gov; jdk@t12.lanl.gov; lac@lanl.gov NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400015 ER PT S AU Iglesias, CA Chen, MH Isaacs, WA Sonnad, V Wilson, BG AF Iglesias, CA Chen, MH Isaacs, WA Sonnad, V Wilson, BG BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI A new detailed term accounting opacity code: TOPAZ SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID TRANSITION-ARRAYS; ATOMIC SPECTRA; ENERGY-LEVELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIANCE AB A new opacity code, TOPAZ, which explicitly includes configuration term structure in the bound-bound transitions is being developed. The goal is to extend the current capabilities of detailed term accounting opacity codes such as OPAL that are limited to lighter elements of astrophysical interest. At present, opacity calculations of heavier elements use statistical methods that rely on the presence of myriad spectral lines for accuracy. However, statistical approaches have been shown to be inadequate for astrophysical opacity calculations. An application of the TOPAZ code will be to study the limits of statistical methods. Comparisons of TOPAZ to other opacity codes as well as to experiments are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Iglesias, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400017 ER PT S AU Magee, NH Abdallah, J Colgan, J Hakel, P Kilcrease, DP Mazevet, S Sherrill, M Fontes, C Zhang, HL AF Magee, NH Abdallah, J Colgan, J Hakel, P Kilcrease, DP Mazevet, S Sherrill, M Fontes, C Zhang, HL BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Los Alamos opacities: Transition from LEDCOP to ATOMIC SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID FLUID HYDROGEN; HIGH-DENSITY; PLASMAS AB This paper discusses the development of the ATOMIC code, a new low to mid Z opacity code, which will replace the current Los Alamos low Z opacity code LEDCOP. The ATOMIC code is based on the FINE code, long used by the Los Alamos group for spectral comparisons in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and for non-LTE calculations, utilizing the extensive databases from the atomic physics suite of codes based on the work of R. D. Cowan. Many of the plasma physics packages in LEDCOP, such as line broadening and free-free absorption, are being transferred to the new ATOMIC code. A new equation of state (EOS) model is being developed to allow higher density calculations than were possible with either the FINE or LEDCOP codes. Extensive modernization for both ATOMIC and the atomic physics code suites, including conversion to Fortran 90 and parallelization, are under way to speed up the calculations and to allow the use of expanded databases for both the LTE opacity tables and the non-LTE calculations. Future plans will be outlined, including considerations for new generation opacity tables. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Magee, NH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 168 EP 179 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400018 ER PT S AU Albritton, JR AF Albritton, JR BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI NLTE/LTE equation-of-state models SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID INCLUDING 2-ELECTRON TRANSITIONS; ENERGY-BALANCE; IONIZATION AB A model for non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE) electron populations in a radiation-hydrodynamics simulation requires the; description of the effects of high plasma density in its atomic-kinetics routine and also must return the electron pressure to the hydrodynamics routine. We describe a NLTE equation-of-state (EOS) model that satisfies these two requirements by substituting NLTE electron populations into a suitably formulated LTE EOS model. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Albritton, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 180 EP 189 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400019 ER PT S AU Hakel, P Kilcrease, DP AF Hakel, P Kilcrease, DP BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI CHEMEOS: A new chemical-picture-based model for plasma equation-of-state calculations SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID ELECTRON-ION PLASMAS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; STELLAR ENVELOPES; SPHERES AB We present the results of a new plasma equation-of-state (EOS) model currently under development at the Atomic and Optical Theory Group (T-4) in Los Alamos. This model is based on the chemical picture of the plasma and uses the free-energy-minimization technique and the occupation-probability formalism. The model is constructed as a combination of ideal and non-ideal contributions to the total Helmholtz free energy of the plasma including the effects of plasma microfields, strong coupling, and the hard-sphere description of the finite sizes of atomic species with bound electrons [1, 2]. These types of models have been recognized as a convenient and computationally inexpensive tool for modeling of local-thermal-equilibrium (LTE) plasmas for a broad range of temperatures and densities [3]. We calculate the thermodynamic characteristics of the plasma (such as pressure and internal energy), and populations and occupation probabilities of atomic bound states. In addition to a smooth truncation of partition functions necessary for extracting ion populations from the system of Saha-type equations, the occupation probabilities can also be used for the merging of Rydberg line series into their associated bound-free edges [4]. In the low-density, high-temperature regimes the plasma effects are adequately described by the Debye-Huckel model and its corresponding contribution to the total Helmholtz free energy of the plasma. In strongly-coupled plasmas, however, the Debye-Huckel approximation is no longer appropriate. In order to extend the validity of our EOS model to strongly-coupled plasmas while maintaining the analytic nature of our model, we adopt fits to the plasma free energy based on hypernetted-chain and Monte Carlo simulations [5, 6, 7]. Our results for hydrogen are compared to other theoretical models. Hydrogen has been selected as a test-case on which improvements in EOS physics are benchmarked before analogous upgrades are included for any element in the EOS part of the new Los Alamos opacity code ATOMIC. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atom & Opt Theory Grp T4, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hakel, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atom & Opt Theory Grp T4, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hakel@lanl.gov; dpk@lanl.gov; dpk@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 190 EP 199 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400020 ER PT S AU Fournier, KB Constantin, C Gregori, G Miller, MC Back, CA Suter, LJ Davis, J Grun, J AF Fournier, KB Constantin, C Gregori, G Miller, MC Back, CA Suter, LJ Davis, J Grun, J BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Efficient multi-keV x-ray sources from Ti-doped aerogel targets SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; PULSE-WIDTH; SCATTERING; BRIGHTNESS; IONIZATION; EMISSION AB We have measured the production of by 4.7 keV x-rays from low-density Ti-doped aerogel (rho approximate to 3 mg/cc) targets at the OMEGA laser facility (University of Rochester), with the goal of maximizing x-ray output. Forty OMEGA beams (lambda(L) = 0.351 mum) illuminated the two cylindrical faces of the target with a total power that ranged from 7 to 14 TW. The laser fully ionizes the target (n(e)/n(crit) less than or equal to 0.1), and a laser-bleaching wave excites, supersonically, the high-Z emitter ions in the sample. Heating in the target was imaged with gated x-ray framing cameras and an x-ray streak camera. Ti K-shell x-ray emission was spectrally resolved with a two-channel crystal spectrometer and also with a set of filtered aluminum x-ray diodes, both instruments provide absolute measurement of the multi-keV x-ray emission. We find between 40 - 260 J of output with 4.67 less than or equal to by less than or equal to 5.0 keV. Radiation-hydrodynamic calculations predict late time enhancement of the x-ray power due first to axial stagnation of the heating waves, then, ablatively-driven radial compression from the target walls. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-41, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fournier2@llnl.gov; constantin1@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400023 ER PT S AU Havener, CC Rejoub, R AF Havener, CC Rejoub, R BE Cohen, JS Mazevet, S Kilcrease, DP TI Low energy charge transfer with multi-charged ions using merged beams SO ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th APS Topical Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas CY APR 19-22, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, US DOE ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS; HELIUM AB Charge transfer by multi-charged ions from neutrals is important in many types of plasmas, including those in material processing, lighting, ion source development, magnetic fusion, and astrophysics. Our current ability to reliably predict low-energy charge transfer relies on our understanding of the dynamics and our ability to model the quasi-molecular states formed during collisions. The ion-atom merged-beams apparatus together with the intense ion beams made available by the ORNL ECR ion source provide a unique opportunity to study charge transfer at low (meV/u to keV/u) collision energies. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the recent ORNL benchmark measurements of the charge transfer cross sections for He2+, N2+, Ne2+, Ne3+, Ne4+ + H(D) are presented. The measured cross sections for Ne3+, Ne4+, N2+ + D show a strong increase toward low energies which is attributed to the ion-induced dipole attraction between reactants. The Ne2+, He2+ + H(D) systems show a sharply decreasing cross section toward lower energies where the effects of rotational coupling are evident and can be studied. The ECR ion source facility is being upgraded to provide high energy multicharged ion beams at (20-250) x q keV. The higher velocity beams will allow measurements with heavier ions and allow measurements to be performed with both H and D to directly test predicted isotope effects at low energies. With the recent addition of a Cs-negative ion source to the ion-atom merged-beams apparatus, eV/u collisions between multi-charged ions and multi-electron targets are being explored. Preliminary measurements of Ar2+ + Li are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Havener, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM havenercc@ornl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0211-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 730 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BBG52 UT WOS:000225444400024 ER PT J AU Kwit, C Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH Pearson, SF McCarty, JP Sargent, S Mumme, RL AF Kwit, C Levey, DJ Greenberg, CH Pearson, SF McCarty, JP Sargent, S Mumme, RL TI Fruit abundance and local distribution of wintering hermit thrushes (Catharus guttatus) and yellow-rumped warblers (Dendroica coronata) in South Carolina SO AUK LA English DT Article ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; FEEDING-TERRITORY SIZE; AMERICAN REDSTARTS; NONBREEDING SEASON; FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS; HABITAT SELECTION; FOOD AVAILABILITY; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; AUTUMN MIGRATION; RESIDENT BIRDS AB We conducted winter censuses of two short-distance migrants, Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus) and Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata), over seven years in five different habitats to determine whether their local abundances could be predicted by fruit pulp biomass. Sampled habitats were stands of upland and bottomland hardwood, loblolly pine (Piuus taeda), longleaf pine (P. palustris), and young (<10 years) longleaf pine. Hermit Thrush abundance, which was highest in bottomland hardwood habitats, was positively related to total dry mass of fruit pulp. Those results are consistent with the hypothesis that resource availability affects the local distribution of migrant passerines on their wintering grounds. Our results also indicate that bottomland hardwood habitats in the southeastern United States may be especially important to wintering Hermit Thrushes. Yellow-rumped Warbler abundance was correlated with ripe-fruit pulp dry mass of Myrica cerifera, a major source of winter food for that species. However, because M. cerifera pulp dry mass was confounded with habitat type, we could not distinguish the relative importance of fruit resources and habitat for Yellow romped Warblers. Our results underscore the importance of fruit to wintering birds. However, the overall percentage of variation in winter bird abundance explained by differences in ripefruit biomass was modest, indicating that other factors are also important. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Kwit, C (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM kwit@srel.edu RI McCarty, John/E-9797-2011 OI McCarty, John/0000-0002-6278-5451 NR 75 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2004 VL 121 IS 1 BP 46 EP 57 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0046:FAALDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 774FY UT WOS:000188970200006 ER PT S AU Jain, V AF Jain, V BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI Recent results from DO SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ AB We discuss recent B physics results from DO. The measurements presented here correspond to an integrated luminosity of similar to 115 pb(-1) of data collected at the Tevatron, between April 2002 and June 2003, at a center of mass energy of the p (p) over bar collision of 1.96 TeV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jain, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 7 EP 10 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500002 ER PT S AU Miao, T AF Miao, T BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI B tagging and mixing at the Tevatron SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID DECAYS; SYSTEM AB The measurement of B-s(0) mixing is one of the flagship analyses for the Run II B physics program at the Fermilab Tevatron. We report here preliminary results on key elements to this measurement including B-s(0) event reconstruction, proper time resolution and initial B flavor tagging. The prospects of B-s(0) mixing with the upgraded CDF and DO detectors are also discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Miao, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500031 ER PT S AU Lin, CJS AF Lin, CJS BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI Spectroscopy and rare decays at CDF SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID NEUTRAL-CURRENT DECAY; SEARCH AB We report recent results on B hadron mass and rare decay measurements using data collected by the CDF detector in Run II. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lin, CJS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500034 ER PT S AU Wang, MHLS AF Wang, MHLS BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI The BTeV trigger system SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ AB BTeV is a high-statistics B physics experiment that will achieve new levels of sensitivity in testing the Standard Model explanation of CP violation, mixing and rare decays in the b and c quark systems by operating in the unique environment of a hadron collider. In order to achieve its goals, it will make use of a state-of-the-art Si-pixel vertex detector and a novel 3-level hierarchical trigger that will look at every single beam crossing to detect the presence of heavy quark decays. This talk will focus on the Level-1 vertex trigger describing how it fits into the overall design of the BTeV trigger and data-acquisition system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wang, MHLS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 218 EP 222 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500038 ER PT S AU Grossman, Y AF Grossman, Y BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI Footprints of new physics in the B system SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID MASS MATRIX MODELS; DECAY AMPLITUDES; STANDARD MODEL; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; QCD FACTORIZATION; CP VIOLATION; SYMMETRIES; ANGLE AB In the first part of the talk, the flavor physics input to models beyond the Standard Model is described. In the second part of the talk, we discuss several observables that are sensitive to new physics. We explain what type of new physics can produce deviations from the Standard Model predictions in each of these observables. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Grossman, Y (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500044 ER PT S AU Cahn, RN AF Cahn, RN BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI B physics in the LHC era SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ AB The nature of B physics will be transformed by the LHC. The nature of that transformation will depend on what we find there. B physics will no longer have a compelling role in discovering New Physics, but it will remain a central part of our exploration of fundamental interactions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rncahn@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500046 ER PT S AU Butler, JN AF Butler, JN BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI Models and methods: Can theory meet the B physics challenge? SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ AB Theory and experiment work together in the effort to obtain insight from B physics. At Beauty 2003, we held a panel discussion among eminent theorists working in this area. Below we present the motivation for this panel, the charge to the panelists, and some brief comments concerning the discussions and main conclusions. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Butler, JN (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 277 EP 278 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500047 ER PT S AU Nierste, U AF Nierste, U BE Paulini, M Erhan, S TI Models and methods: Can theory meet the B physics challenge? SO B PHYSICS AT HADRON MACHINES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on B Physics at Hadron Machines CY OCT 14-18, 2003 CL Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA SP US DOE, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Carnegie Mellon Univ ID QUARK EFFECTIVE THEORY; EFFECTIVE FIELD-THEORY; QCD FACTORIZATION; HEAVY QUARKS; CP VIOLATION; MESON DECAYS AB The B physics experiments of the next generation, BTeV and LHCb, will perform measurements with an unprecedented accuracy. Theory predictions must control hadronic uncertainties with the same precision to extract the desired short-distance information successfully. I argue that this is indeed possible, discuss those theoretical methods in which hadronic uncertainties arc under control and list hadronically clean observables. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nierste, U (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0203-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 722 BP 280 EP 282 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBB28 UT WOS:000224499500049 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Tamagawa, T Torii, K Shirasaki, Y Ricker, G Doty, J Vanderspek, R Crew, G Villasenor, J Atteia, JL Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Woosley, S Martel, F Prigozhin, G Olive, JF Dezalay, JP Boer, M Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G Levine, A Morgan, E Butler, N Sakamoto, T Urata, Y Suzuki, M Sato, R Nakagawa, Y Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M Hatsukade, I AF Matsuoka, M Kawai, N Yoshida, A Tamagawa, T Torii, K Shirasaki, Y Ricker, G Doty, J Vanderspek, R Crew, G Villasenor, J Atteia, JL Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Woosley, S Martel, F Prigozhin, G Olive, JF Dezalay, JP Boer, M Cline, T Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G Levine, A Morgan, E Butler, N Sakamoto, T Urata, Y Suzuki, M Sato, R Nakagawa, Y Takagishi, K Yamauchi, M Hatsukade, I TI The gamma-ray burst alert system and the results of HETE-2 SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE gamma-rays : bursts; X-rays : flashes; stars : supernovae ID 25 APRIL 1998; SUPERNOVA; PERFORMANCE; DISCOVERY AB HETE-2 (High Energy Transient Explorer Satellite 2) is a small Explorer-class satellite designed to detect gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), localize them in real time and distribute the burst coordinates to ground observers within minutes of burst detection. As of August 2003, HETE-2 had localized 47 GRBs, and 19 localizations had led to the detection of X-ray, optical or radio afterglows. The prompt position alert enables researchers to probe the nature of so-called "dark bursts" - GRBs for which no optical afterglow has been found despite accurate localizations. Bursts localized by HETE-2 can be observed more promptly, when the afterglow is intrinsically brighter; thus, afterglows can be detected for bursts which would have otherwise been considered as "dark". In one case of a "dark" burst observed by HETE-2, the optical afterglow was found to be intrinsically faint, and its flux declined rapidly. In another case, the optical emission was likely extinguished by the dust in the vicinity of the GRB source. X-ray rich GRBs or X-ray flashes (XRFs) are found to have many properties in common with classical GRBs, suggesting that they are a single phenomenon. However, optical identification of XRFs has been difficult, perhaps because the counterparts are intrinsically faint; prompt localizations from HETE-2 will help observers identify optical counterparts to XRFs. The bright afterglows of GRB 021004 and GRB 030329 were observed in unprecedented detail by telescopes around the world; GRB 030329 was subsequently identified with SN 2003dh, a Type Ic supernova. Consequently, strong evidence for the connection of long GRBs with core-collapsed supernovae was found. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87645 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. INPE, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm TESRE, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Miyazaki Univ, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Matsuoka, M (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000005 ER PT J AU Fenimore, EE McLean, K Palmer, D Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Krimm, H Markwardt, C Parsons, A Tueller, J AF Fenimore, EE McLean, K Palmer, D Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Krimm, H Markwardt, C Parsons, A Tueller, J TI Swift's ability to detect gamma-ray bursts SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE gamma-rays : bursts; observatories : Swift AB The Swift satellite will be a self-contained observatory that will bring new capabilities to the observing of the early afterglow emission of gamma-ray bursts. Swift is completely autonomous and will do all observations without help from the ground. There are three instruments on Swift. A large (5200 cm(2)) coded aperture imager will locate the bursts within about 15 seconds. The satellite will be able to slew to point at the location within a minute or two. There are two narrow field of view instruments: an optical telescope and an X-ray telescope. Thus, Swift will provide simultaneous gamma-ray, X-ray and optical observations of gamma-ray bursts soon after the burst. A key to the success of Swift will be its ability to detect and locate a large number of gamma-ray bursts quick enough that the narrow field of view instruments can follow up. The results of simulations show that Swift will be able to detect about 300 bursts a year and locate about 150. The number that Swift will be able to slew to depends on constraints built into the satellite bus. Preliminary results indicate that we might be able to slew to 100 bursts per year, but that is heavily dependent on satellite operations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Fenimore, EE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000025 ER PT J AU Lichti, GG Briggs, M Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Meegan, C Paciesas, W Preece, R Schonfelder, V von Kienlin, A AF Lichti, GG Briggs, M Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Meegan, C Paciesas, W Preece, R Schonfelder, V von Kienlin, A TI Measurements of gamma-ray bursts with GLAST SO BALTIC ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint European and National Astronomical Meeting (JENAM 2003) CY AUG 25-30, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY DE instruments; GLAST space mission; gamma-rays : bursts ID MODELS AB One of the scientific goals of the main instrument of GLAST is the study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the energy range from similar to20 MeV to similar to300 GeV. In order to extend the energy measurement towards lower energies, a secondary instrument, the GLAST Burst Monitor (GBM), will measure GRBs from similar to10 keV to similar to25 MeV and will therefore allow the investigation of the relation between the keV and the MeV-GeV emission from GRBs over six energy decades. These unprecedented measurements will permit the exploration of the unknown aspects of the high-energy burst emission and the investigation of their connection with the well-studied low-energy emission. They will also provide new insights into the physics of GRBs in general. In addition, the excellent localization of GRBs by the Large-Area Telescope will stimulate follow-up observations at other wavelengths which may yield clues about the nature of the burst sources. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichti, GG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST THEORETICAL PHYSICS ASTRONOMY PI MOLETAI PA MOLETAI LT-4150, LITHUANIA SN 1392-0049 J9 BALT ASTRON JI Balt. Astron. PY 2004 VL 13 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822TU UT WOS:000221564000027 ER PT B AU Burchell, T Srinivasan, M Naus, D AF Burchell, T Srinivasan, M Naus, D GP oecd TI Codes and standards development for graphite-moderated nuclear reactors SO BASIC STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-Temperature Engineering CY SEP 11-12, 2003 CL Ibaraki ken, JAPAN SP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst AB Nuclear codes and standards are being developed in the USA in support of the design and development of graphite-moderated high-temperature gas-cooled reactors such as the Very High-temperature Reactor (VHTR) and the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR). Under the auspices of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Subcommittee DO2-F on Manufactured Carbons and Graphites, a materials specification is being developed for nuclear-grade graphites. The specification includes the acceptable processing methods and the non-irradiated properties for a near-isotropic or isotropic nuclear-grade graphite. In a parallel effort, ASTM standard C-781 (Standard Practice for Testing Graphite and Boronated Graphite Components for High-temperature Gas-cooled Nuclear Reactors) is being revised and updated to include, among other items, key properties such as fracture toughness. Current challenges in writing material specification includes the need for appropriate measurement methods for determining fracture toughness, Weibull modulus, acceptable minimum flaw sizes and the NDE technique that will provide such information, and the lack of knowledge and model to predict irradiated properties under high fluences and temperatures expected in gas-cooled reactors. Therefore, new ASTM standards for properties measurements are being developed for nuclear graphites, including a recommended methodology for determining the Weibull modulus of nuclear-grade graphite. Design codes link the materials specification and the material properties to the limiting stresses and temperatures during service for a designed lifetime, which is established via a failure criterion, and specify the applicable design rules. Safety margins are established in these design rules that incorporate the uncertainties in the materials properties data and in service conditions and the sensitivities of these data to variations in operational parameters and measurement conditions. In the US, the American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division II, Subsection CE on "Design Requirements for Graphite Core Support" was developed in the 1990s. This code used a deterministic approach and placed limits on the maximum stresses that a component may endure in service based on the specified minimum graphite strength. However, other failure criterion should be assessed and alternate design practices considered, e.g. probabilistic approaches. Alternate failure criteria for nuclear graphite include neutron irradiation lifetimes, e.g. return to original volume or strength, residual strength limit, probabilistic variations in service parameters and probabilistic fracture mechanics considerations for arriving at flaw/crack size limits, which are coupled with in-service inspections. This presentation will address the challenges involved in materials specification writing that involves acceptable processing methods, establishing minimum acceptable properties and properties ranges, establishing design codes that consider appropriately the inherent variability in properties of graphite, graphite failure criteria, and the inspection requirements for nuclear graphite before use and during service. The presentation will also include the status of activities related to the codes and standards development in the US and report on recent activities and directions in the ASTM and ASME standards and codes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burchell, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-01601-5 PY 2004 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BAJ06 UT WOS:000222490100003 ER PT S AU Plum, M AF Plum, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Interceptive beam diagnostics - Signal creation and materials interactions SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION AB The focus of this tutorial will be on interceptive beam diagnostics such as wire scanners, screens, and harps. We will start with an overview of the various ways beams interact with materials to create signals useful for beam diagnostics systems. We will then discuss the errors in a harp or wire scanner profile measurement caused by errors in wire position, number of samples, and signal errors. Finally we will apply our results to two design examples-the SNS wire scanner system and the SNS target harp. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Plum, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM plumma@sns.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 23 EP 46 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400002 ER PT S AU Thuot, M AF Thuot, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Resolving EMI issues to optimize accelerator beam diagnostic performance SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB If you have struggled to get the last bit of performance from a beam diagnostic only to find your dynamic range limited by external sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) once the system is installed, then you will find this tutorial on electromagnetic compatibility and grounding useful. The tutorial will provide some simple, direct methods to analyze, understand and mitigate the impact of EMI on beam diagnostic systems. Several common and unique accelerator EMI sources will be characterized. The dependencies of source frequency and distance to the source on the optimal choice of grounding and shielding methods will be illustrated. The emphasis is on a stepwise process that leads to understanding and cost-effective resolution of EMI impacts on beam diagnostic systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thuot, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 47 EP 67 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400003 ER PT S AU Sajaev, V AF Sajaev, V BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Measurement of bunch length using spectral analysis of incoherent radiation fluctuations SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AB A measurement of the longitudinal beam profile of a relativistic charged particle beam is an important tool in modem accelerators. For bunch lengths in the range of picoseconds, such measurements can be performed by means of a streak camera. Shorter bunches usually require special techniques. In this paper we describe a novel technique that allows obtaining properties of a bunch of charged particles through measurement of the fluctuations of incoherent radiation from the bunch. Due to shot-noise fluctuations in the longitudinal beam density, this incoherent radiation has a spectrum, which consists of random spikes with width inversely proportional to the bunch length. The convolution of the beam current can also be obtained from the radiation spectrum. After the convolution function is found, the phase retrieval technique can be applied to recover the bunch shape. This technique has been used to analyze the shape of the 4-ps-long bunches at the Advanced Photon Source self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (SASE FEL) experiment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sajaev, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 73 EP 87 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400004 ER PT S AU Tiefenback, M AF Tiefenback, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Beam diagnostics based on AC modulation of system parameters SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB To improve the performance of operating accelerators, quantities such as lattice functions, beam transfer functions, betatron frequencies, etc, can be measured turn by turn with beam position monitors or from difference measurements using step changes in system parameters. Spectral measurements in closed orbit machines provide accurate values for some properties. But for open-ended systems and some measurements in closed-orbit machines, periodic modulation can be very useful for obtaining information about the beam line. Using examples from existing machines, we compare and contrast beam based modulation techniques and step function or passive measurements. For example, large amplitude dipole modulation in rings [1] can be used in dedicated exploration of nonlinear optical properties without beam degradation, even allowing for tune spread effects. Low-level modulation can provide real-time system monitoring with no adverse effect on beam users. Examples considered include fully resonant dipole modulation in storage rings such as RHIC (hadrons) and PEP-II (electrons), and the continuous low-level modulation used in the CEBAF recirculating electron linac for real-time feedback to improve availability. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM tiefen@jlab.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 88 EP 100 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400005 ER PT S AU Beche, JF Byrd, J De Santis, S Denes, P Placidi, M Turner, W Zolotorev, M AF Beche, JF Byrd, J De Santis, S Denes, P Placidi, M Turner, W Zolotorev, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Development of an abort gap monitor for high-energy proton rings SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The fill pattern in proton synchrotrons usually features an empty gap, longer than the abort kicker raise time, for machine protection. This gap is referred to as the "abort gap," and any particles, which may accumulate in it due to injection errors and diffusion between RF buckets, would be lost inside the ring, rather than in the beam dump, during the kicker firing. In large proton rings, due to the high energies involved, it is vital to monitor the build up of charges in the abort gap with a high sensitivity. We present a study of an abort gap monitor based on a photomultiplier with a gated microchannel plate, which would allow for detecting low charge densities by monitoring the synchrotron radiation emitted. We show results of beam test experiments at the Advanced Light Source using a Hamamatsu 5916U MCP-PMT and compare them to the specifications for the Large Hadron Collider. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beche, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400006 ER PT S AU Beche, JF Byrd, J De Santis, S Denes, P Placidi, M Turner, W Zolotorev, M AF Beche, JF Byrd, J De Santis, S Denes, P Placidi, M Turner, W Zolotorev, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Measurement of the beam longitudinal profile in a storage ring by non-linear laser mixing SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB We report on the development of a new technique for the measurement of the longitudinal beam profile in storage rings. This technique, which has been successfully demonstrated at the Advanced Light Source, mixes the synchrotron radiation with the light from a mode-locked solid-state laser oscillator in a non-linear crystal. The up-converted radiation is then detected with a photomultiplier and processed to extract, store, and display the required information. The available choices of laser repetition frequency, pulse width, and phase modulation give a wide range of options for matching the bunch configuration of a particular storage ring. Besides the dynamic measurement of the longitudinal profile of each bunch, the instrument can monitor the evolution of the bunch tails, the presence of untrapped particles, and their diffusion into nominally empty RF buckets ("ghost bunches"). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beche, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 112 EP 119 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400007 ER PT S AU Chao, YC Chevtsov, P Day, A Freyberger, AP Hicks, R Joyce, M Denard, JC AF Chao, YC Chevtsov, P Day, A Freyberger, AP Hicks, R Joyce, M Denard, JC BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Energy spread monitoring for the JLAB experimental program: Synchrotron light interferometers, optical transition radiation monitors, and wire scanners SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The hypernuclear physics program at JLAB requires an electron beam with small transverse size (sigma similar to 100 mum) and an upper limit on the RMS energy spread deltaE/E < 3 x 10(-5). To measure E and monitor these parameters, a beam size and energy spread measurement system has been created. The system consists of a set of wire scanners, Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) detectors, and Synchrotron Light Interferometers (SLI). The energy spread is measured via a set of wire scans performed at specific locations in the transport line, which is an invasive process. During physics operation the energy spread is monitored continuously with the OTR and/or the SLI. These devices are non-invasive [or nearly non-invasive in the case of OTR] and operate over a very wide range of beam energies (1-6 GeV) and currents (similar to100 muA down to few muA). All components of this system are automated in an EPICS accelerator control environment. The paper presents our operational experience with the beam size and energy spread measurement system and its maintenance. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chao, YC (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400008 ER PT S AU Musson, J Allison, T Freyberger, A Kuhn, J Quinn, B AF Musson, J Allison, T Freyberger, A Kuhn, J Quinn, B BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI YO! - A time-of-arrival receiver for removal of femtosecond helicity-correlated beam effects SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The GO parity violation experiment at Jefferson Lab is based on time-of-flight measurements, and is sensitive to timing effects between the two electron helicity states of the beam. Photon counters triggered by time-of-arrival at the target mandate that timing must be independent of delays associated with different orbits taken by the two helicity states. In addition, the standard 499 MHz beam structure is altered such that 1 of every 16 microbunches are filled, resulting in an arrival frequency of 31.1875 (31) MHz, and an average current of 40 muA. Helicity correction involves identifying and tracking the 31 MHz sub-harmonic, applying a fast/fine phase correction, and finally producing a clean 31 MHz trigger and a 499 MHz clock train. These signals are phase-matched to the beam arrival at the target on the order of fermtoseconds. The 10 kHz output bandwidth is sufficiently greater than the 30 Hz helicity flip settling time (500 mus). This permits the system to correct each helicity bin for any orbit-induced timing inequalities. A sampling phase detection scheme is used in order to eliminate the unavoidable 2pi/n phase shifts associated with frequency dividers. Conventional receiver architecture and DSP techniques are combined for maximum sensitivity, bandwidth, and flexibility. Results of bench tests, commissioning and production data will be presented. C1 TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Musson, J (reprint author), TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 158 EP 165 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400013 ER PT S AU Webber, R Crisp, J Prieto, P Voy, D Briegel, C McClure, C West, R Pordes, S Mengel, M AF Webber, R Crisp, J Prieto, P Voy, D Briegel, C McClure, C West, R Pordes, S Mengel, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Fermilab Recycler Ring BPM upgrade based on digital receiver technology SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB Electronics for the 237 BPMs in the Fermilab Recycler Ring have been upgraded from a log-amplifier based system to a commercially produced digitizer-digital down converter based system. The hardware consists of a pre-amplifier connected to a split-plate BPM, an analog differential receiver-filter module and an 8-channel 80-MHz digital down converter VME board. The system produces position and intensity with a dynamic range of 30 dB and a resolution of 10 microns. The position measurements are made on 2.5-MHz bunched beam and barrier buckets of the un-bunched beam. The digital receiver system operates in one of six different signal processing modes that include 2.5-MHz average, 2.5-MHz bunch-by-bunch, 2.5-MHz narrow band, un-bunched average, un-bunched head/tail and 89-kHz narrow band. Receiver data is acquired on any of up to sixteen clock events related to Recycler beam transfers and other machine activities. Data from the digital receiver board are transferred to the front-end CPU for position and intensity computation on an on-demand basis through the VME bus. Data buffers are maintained for each of the acquisition events and support flash, closed orbit and turn-by-turn measurements. A calibration system provides evaluation of the BPM signal path and application programs. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Webber, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 190 EP 200 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400017 ER PT S AU Barr, D Gilpatrick, JD Martinez, D Shurter, RB AF Barr, D Gilpatrick, JD Martinez, D Shurter, RB BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Automated system calibration and verification of the position measurements for the Los Alamos isotope production facility and the switchyard kicker facilities SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory has constructed both an Isotope Production Facility (IPF) and a Switchyard Kicker (XDK) as additions to the H+ and H- accelerator. These additions contain eleven Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) that measure the beam's position throughout the transport. The analog electronics within each processing module determines the beam position using the log-ratio technique. For system reliability, calibrations compensate for various temperature drifts and other imperfections in the processing electronics components. Additionally, verifications are periodically implemented by a PC running a National Instruments LabVIEW virtual instrument (VI) to verify continued system and cable integrity. The VI communicates with the processor cards via a PCI/MXI-3 VXI-crate communication module. Previously, accelerator operators performed BPM system calibrations typically once per day while beam was explicitly turned off. One of this new measurement system's unique achievements is its automated calibration and verification capability. Taking advantage of the pulsed nature of the LANSCE-facility beams, the integrated electronics hardware and VI perform calibration and verification operations between beam pulses without interrupting production beam delivery. The design, construction, and performance results of the automated calibration and verification portion of this position measurement system will be the topic of this paper. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, BDIT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barr, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 1, BDIT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400019 ER PT S AU Blokland, W Assadi, S AF Blokland, W Assadi, S BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Experience with the SNS* LabVIEW/EPICS-based diagnostics instruments SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The SNS Diagnostics Group uses rack-mounted PCs running LabVIEW and EPICS to implement its instruments as network attached devices. Many of these instruments, such as wire scanners and beam position monitors, come from the partner labs. The final integration and testing is done at SNS. We have now gone through several commissioning runs with success. This paper describes the integration, the commissioning, and the physics performance of the devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blokland, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400020 ER PT S AU Brown, RLV Roster, BH Yee, CK AF Brown, RLV Roster, BH Yee, CK BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Solid-state video camera for the accelerator environment SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB Solid-State video cameras employing CMOS technology have been developed and tested for several years in the SLAC accelerator, notably the PEPII (BaBar) injection lines. They have proven much more robust than their CCD counterparts in radiation areas. Repair is simple, inexpensive, and generates very little radioactive waste. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brown, RLV (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400021 ER PT S AU Cameron, P Ben-Zvi, I Blaskiewicz, M Brennan, M Connolly, R Dawson, W Degen, C DellaPenna, A Gassner, D Kesselman, M Kewish, J Litvinenko, V Mead, J Oerter, B Russo, T Vetter, K Yakimenko, V AF Cameron, P Ben-Zvi, I Blaskiewicz, M Brennan, M Connolly, R Dawson, W Degen, C DellaPenna, A Gassner, D Kesselman, M Kewish, J Litvinenko, V Mead, J Oerter, B Russo, T Vetter, K Yakimenko, V BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Beam diagnostics for the BNL Energy Recovery Linac test facility SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB An Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) test facility is presently under construction at BNL. The goals of this test facility are first to demonstrate stable intense CW electron beam with parameters typical for the RHIC e-cooling project (and potentially for eRHIC), second to test novel elements of the ERL (high current CW photo-cathode, superconducting RF cavity with HOM dampers, and feedback systems), and finally to test lattice dependence of stability criteria. Planned diagnostics include position monitors, loss monitors, transverse profile monitors (both optical and wires), scrapers/halo monitors, a high resolution differential current monitor, phase monitors, an energy spread monitor, and a fast transverse monitor (for beam break-up studies and the energy feedback system). We discuss diagnostics challenges that are unique to this project, and present preliminary system specifications. In addition, we include a brief discussion of the timing system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cameron, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 232 EP 237 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400022 ER PT S AU Dooling, JC Brumwell, FR Donley, L McMichael, GE Stipp, VF AF Dooling, JC Brumwell, FR Donley, L McMichael, GE Stipp, VF BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Noise reduction and correction in the IPNS Linac ESEM SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Energy Spread and Energy Monitor (ESEM) is an on-line, non-intrusive diagnostic used to characterize the output beam from the 200-MHz, 50-MeV IPNS linac. The energy spread is determined from a 3-size, longitudinal emittance measurement; whereas the energy is derived from time of flight (TOF) analysis. Signals are detected on 50-ohm, stripline beam position monitors (BPMs) terminated in their characteristic impedance. Each BPM is constructed with four striplines: top, bottom, left and right. The ESEM signals are taken from the bottom stripline in four separate BPM locations in the 50-MeV transport line between the linac and the synchrotron. Deterministic linac noise is sampled before and after the 70-microsecond macropulse. The noise phasor is vectorially subtracted from the beam signal. Noise subtraction is required at several frequencies, especially the fundamental and fifth harmonics (200 MHz and 1 GHz). It is also necessary to correct for attenuation and dispersion in the co-axial signal cables. Presently, the analysis assumes a single particle distribution to determine energy and energy spread. Work is on-going to allow for more realistic longitudinal distributions to be included in the analysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dooling, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400025 ER PT S AU Johnson, J Ekdahl, C Broste, W AF Johnson, J Ekdahl, C Broste, W BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI DARHT axis II beam position monitors SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB One of Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL's) primary responsibilities for national security is to certify the readiness of our nation's nuclear stockpile. Since the end of underground testing in 1994, LANL has used non-nuclear experiments and computational models to certify our stockpile. The Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) Facility is the next tool scientists will utilize for stockpile certification. DARHT will soon be capable of producing a three dimensional, time resolved radiographic image of a nuclear weapon pit during implosion. Data from these radiographic images will be used to validate the computational models used to study nuclear weapons. The first axis of DARHT with its single-pulse capability has been in use for about 2 years. Data returned from DARHT's first axis has been exceptional, producing the highest resolution radiographic image ever for a pit test. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400033 ER PT S AU Joireman, PW Cai, J Chase, BE Saewert, GW AF Joireman, PW Cai, J Chase, BE Saewert, GW BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI BPM system for electron cooling in the Fermilab Recycler ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB We report a VXI based system used to acquire and process BPM data for the electron cooling system in the Fermilab Recycler ring. The BPM system supports acquisition of data from 19 BPM locations in five different sections of the electron cooling apparatus. Beam positions for both electrons and anti-protons can be detected simultaneously with a resolution of +/-50 mum. We calibrate the system independently for each beam type at each BPM location. We describe the system components, signal processing and modes of operation used in support of the electron-cooling project and present experimental results of system performance for the developmental electron cooling installation at Fermilab. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Joireman, PW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400034 ER PT S AU Lill, R Pietryla, A Norum, E Lenkszus, F AF Lill, R Pietryla, A Norum, E Lenkszus, F BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI APS storage ping monopulse RF BPM upgrade SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation synchrotron light source in its ninth year of operation. The storage ring monopulse radio frequency (rf) beam position monitor (BPM) was designed to measure single-turn and multi-turn beam positions for operations and machine physics studies. Many of the components used in the original design are obsolete and costly to replace. In this paper we present a proposal to upgrade the monopulse rf BPMs in which the existing system hardware is repartitioned and the aging data acquisition system is replaced. By replacing only the data acquisition system, we will demonstrate a cost-effective approach to improved beam stability, reliability, and enhanced postmortem capabilities. An eight-channel ADC/digitizer VXI board with sampling rate of up to 105 MHz (per channel) and 14-bit resolution coupled with a field-programmable gate array and embedded central processing will provide the flexibility to revitalize this system for another decade of operation. We will discuss the upgrade system specifications, design, and prototype test results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lill, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 358 EP 365 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400039 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Borland, M AF Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Borland, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Measurements of the APS storage ring beam stability at 225 mA SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation hard x-ray user facility that operates nominally at 100-mA stored beam current. As part of our probing of future operation regimes we have run at 130 mA for a user run, and we are on the path to test operations at up to 300 mA. Our most recent experiments have been at 225 mA in December 2003. One sector in the ring is dedicated to diagnosing the electron beam transverse and longitudinal parameters. We use a combination of imaging tools, including an x-ray pinhole camera and optical streak camera for the bending magnet source and x-ray monochromator measurements of divergence on the insertion device source. The onset of longitudinal instabilities due to rf cavity higher-order modes (HOMs) is one of the limitations in going to higher currents. These effects are seen in the horizontal plane of the pinhole camera images since the dipole source is at a dispersive point in the lattice. We observed about a factor of two increase in horizontal beam size and integrated bunch length in the unstable condition. By correlating the size changes with the temperature readouts of the 16 rf cavity cells, we identified the source of the instability. The cavity temperature set points were adjusted to avoid an HOM. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lumpkin@aps.anl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 366 EP 372 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400040 ER PT S AU Murphy, DJ Purcell, JD AF Murphy, DJ Purcell, JD BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Large-scale PC management and configuration for SNS diagnostics SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project's diagnostics group has begun its implementation of more than 300 PC-based Network Attached Devices (NADs) [2]. An implementation of this size creates many challenges, such as distribution of patches and software upgrades; virus/worm potentials; and the configuration management, including interaction with the SNS relational database. As part of the initial solution, a base operating system (OS) configuration has been determined and computer management software has been implemented. Each PC requires a unique configuration, but all are based on a common OS and supporting applications. The diagnostics group has started with an implementation of an XP Embedded (XPe) OS and uses Altiris(R) eXpress Deployment Solution(TM) [3]. The use of XPe and Altiris gives the diagnostics group the ability to easily configure, distribute, and manage software on a large scale. This paper describes the initial experience and discusses plans for the future. C1 ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Murphy, DJ (reprint author), ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400042 ER PT S AU Scarpine, VE Tassotto, GR Lumpkin, AH AF Scarpine, VE Tassotto, GR Lumpkin, AH BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Proposed OTR measurements of 120-GeV protons and antiprotons at FNAL SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) is developing optical transition radiation (OTR) detectors for beam diagnostics for their 120-GeV proton and antiproton transfer lines. As part of a collaboration to enhance the luminosity for the FNAL collider RUN II program, the quality of the proton and antiproton beams, as they are transported from the main injector (MI) to the Tevatron, will be characterized using OTR imaging techniques. A prototype detector in air has already successfully acquired OTR images of 120-GeV protons upstream of the antiproton production target. This result demonstrates that (i) the Ti and Al thin foil screens survive the 5 x 10(12) proton beam spills, (ii) OTR is sufficient to image lower intensity antiproton beams, and (iii) the images provide two-dimensional information and higher resolution than the present multi-wire profile monitors in the transport lines. Beam bombardment effects on the Al screen and radiation effects on the lenses, filters and cameras have been evaluated for the prototype system for over 1 x 10(19) 120-GeV protons and will also be presented. An in-vacuum OTR station is being designed for the transport lines with adjustments to the optical components as warranted by the beam characteristics and anticipated radiation environment. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Scarpine, VE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 413 EP 419 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400046 ER PT S AU Sellyey, WC Lewis, PS AF Sellyey, WC Lewis, PS BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI New acquisition system for the PSR beam pulse charge monitor SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB A Pearson 1010 current monitor toroid has been in use for many years to measure the charge per bunch being delivered from the LANSCE Proton Storage Ring (PSR) to the Lujan Center's spallation neutron source. Improved electronics have been developed to process the toroid's signal. The new system generates a calibrated measurement of charge per pulse and is network-enabled to provide remote access to charge, current and other data via EPICS. It is experimentally demonstrated that accurate charge measurements can be made on calibration pulses that contain frequency components well above what is contained in a typical beam pulse. The new electronics consists of a National Instruments (NI) PXI-1002 chassis that contains a PXI-8176 controller, a PXI-5112 100-MS/s digitizer, and a PXI-6602 scalar and digital I/O module. The 8176 runs under the NI Real Time operating system and was programmed to integrate proton pulse waveforms acquired by the 5112 digitizer, For each beam pulse a 50-kHz pulse stream proportional to the pulse charge is generated by the 6602 and this real time information is distributed to all experimental areas. C1 LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sellyey, WC (reprint author), LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 420 EP 428 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400047 ER PT S AU Tupikov, V Nagaitsev, S Seletskiy, S Shemyakin, A AF Tupikov, V Nagaitsev, S Seletskiy, S Shemyakin, A BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI Toward a cold electron beam in the fermilab electron cooler SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB Fermilab is developing a high-energy electron cooling system to cool. 8.9-GeV/c antiprotons in the Recycler ring [I]. Cooling of antiprotons requires a round electron beam with a small angular spread propagating through a 20-m long cooling section with a kinetic energy of 4.3 MeV. To confine the electron beam tightly and to keep its transverse angles below 0.1 mrad, the cooling section will be immersed into a solenoidal field of 50-150 G. This paper describes the technique of measuring and adjusting the magnetic field quality in the cooling section and presents preliminary results of beam quality measurements in the cooler prototype. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tupikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 437 EP 445 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400049 ER PT S AU Vetter, K Cameron, P Dawson, C Degen, C Kesselman, M Mead, J AF Vetter, K Cameron, P Dawson, C Degen, C Kesselman, M Mead, J BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI RF beam position monitor for the SNS ring SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Spallation Neutron Source Ring accumulates 1060 pulses of 38-mA peak current 1-GeV H-minus particles from the Linac through the HEBT line, then delivers this accumulated beam in a single pulse to a mercury target via the RTBT line. The dynamic range over the course of the accumulation cycle is 60 dB. As a result of particle energy distribution the 402.5-MHz RF bunching frequency quickly de-coheres during the first few turns. In order to measure first-turn position a dual-mode BPM has been designed to process 402.5-MHz signal energy during the first few turns then switch to a Baseband mode to process de-cohered energy in the low MHz region. The design has been implemented as a dual mother/daughter board PCI architecture. Both Baseband and RF calibration are included on the RF BPM board. A prototype system has been installed in the SNS Linac. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 454 EP 461 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400051 ER PT S AU Weber, JM Chin, M AF Weber, JM Chin, M BE Shea, T Sibley, RC TI ALS control system IPI/O module upgrade SO BEAM INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP 2004 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Beam Instrumentation Workshop CY MAY 03-06, 2004 CL Spallat Neutron Source, Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab HO Spallat Neutron Source AB The Control System for the Advanced Light Source uses in-house designed IndustryPack (IP) I/O Modules in compact PCI (cPCI) chassis to control instrumentation. Each module consists of digital I/O ports and 16-bit analog I/O interfaced to instrumentation via a cPCI rear I/O card. During the past few years of installed operation, several factors have prompted investigation into the design of a new IP I/O Module. The ADC channels have significant offset drift over periods of days of initial installed operation. An in-situ calibration procedure was developed to address this problem, but it lacks speed and is inconvenient to perform. Digital I/O port limitations have led to increasing amounts of wasted I/O. Fast orbit feedback requires faster ADC sampling and better filtering than the current IP Module offers. This paper discusses the issues related to the current IP I/O Module and the design of a new Double-size IP I/O Module. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0214-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 732 BP 470 EP 475 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BBM12 UT WOS:000226106400053 ER PT S AU Early, JT Bibeau, C Phipps, C AF Early, JT Bibeau, C Phipps, C BE Komurasaki, K TI Space debris de-orbiting by vaporization impulse using short pulse laser SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY OCT 20-23, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo Inst Technol, Univ Tokyo, Inst Laser Technol, Tohoku Univ, Seoul Natl Univ, Japanese Aerosp Technol, Fdn Promot, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Laser Soc Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Sendai Convent Bur, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID ABLATION; COMPRESSION; TEMPERATURE; DIELECTRICS; GRATINGS AB Space debris constitutes a significant hazard to low earth orbit satellites and particularly to manned spacecraft. A quite small velocity decrease from vaporization impulses is enough to lower the perigee of the debris sufficiently for atmospheric drag to de-orbit the debris. A short pulse (picosecond) laser version of the Orion concept can accomplish this task in several years of operation. The "Mercury" short pulse Yb:S-FAP laser being developed at LLNL for laser fusion is appropriate for this task. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Early, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0175-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 702 BP 190 EP 201 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BY87P UT WOS:000189484300020 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Payne, SA Kanz, VK Early, JT AF Krupke, WF Beach, RJ Payne, SA Kanz, VK Early, JT BE Komurasaki, K TI DPAL: A new class of lasers for cw power beaming at ideal photovoltaic cell wavelengths SO BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion CY OCT 20-23, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo Inst Technol, Univ Tokyo, Inst Laser Technol, Tohoku Univ, Seoul Natl Univ, Japanese Aerosp Technol, Fdn Promot, Japan Soc Aeronaut & Space Sci, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Laser Soc Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Sendai Convent Bur, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SPACE ELEVATOR AB The new class of diode pumped alkali vapor lasers (DPALs) offers high efficiency cw laser beams at wavelengths which efficiently couple to photovoltaic (PV) cells: silicon cells at 895 nm (cesium), and GaAs cells at 795 nm (rubidium) and at 770 nm (potassium). DPAL electrical efficiencies of 25-30% are projected, enabling PV cell efficiencies similar to40% (Si) and similar to60% (GaAs). Near-diffraction-limited DPAL device power scaling into the multi-kilowatt regime from a single aperture is projected. The potential application to power beaming propulsion to raise satellites from LEO to Geo is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0175-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2004 VL 702 BP 367 EP 377 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BY87P UT WOS:000189484300035 ER PT S AU Gibson, EK Thomas-Keprta, KL Clemett, SJ McKay, DS Romanek, C Wentworth, SJ AF Gibson, EK Thomas-Keprta, KL Clemett, SJ McKay, DS Romanek, C Wentworth, SJ BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI Evidence for past life on early Mars: How the evidence stands SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; ALLAN HILLS 84001; MAGNETITE CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE ORIGIN; ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE; CARBONATE; MAGNETOFOSSILS; MINERALS; NAKHLA AB Martian Meteorite ALH84001 contains four unusual features which have been interpreted as possible signatures of relic biogenic activity. After six years of intense study by the world's scientific community, the current status of the biogenic hypothesis is reviewed and shown to still be valid. Furthermore additional features have been observed in two younger Martian meteorites. The strongest argument for possible evidence of biogenic activity within the ALH84001 meteorite is the presence of truncated hexa-octahedral magnetite crystals which are only known on Earth to be the products of biology. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Operat, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gibson, EK (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Astromat Res Off, Mail Code SR, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000040 ER PT S AU Carrigan, RA AF Carrigan, RA BE Norris, RP Stootman, FH TI The ultimate hacker: SETI signals may need to be decontaminated SO BIOASTRONOMY 2002: LIFE AMONG THE STARS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 213th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Bioastronomy 2002 CY JUL 08-12, 2002 CL Hamilton Isl, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union ID SEARCH AB Biological contamination from space is a remote but recognized possibility. SETI signals might also contain harmful information. Some argue that a SETI signal could not contaminate a terrestrial computer because the idiosyncratic computer logic and code constitute an impenetrable firewall. Suggestions are given below on how to probe these arguments and decontaminate SETI signals. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Carrigan, RA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, BOX 500,MS 306, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-171-0 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2004 IS 213 BP 519 EP 522 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BAS41 UT WOS:000223367000094 ER PT J AU Lemieux, MJ Huang, YF Song, JM Auer, M Wang, DN AF Lemieux, MJ Huang, YF Song, JM Auer, M Wang, DN TI Structural basis for substrate translocation of the escherichia coli glycerol-3-phosphate transporter, GlpT SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th European Bioenergetics Conference (EBEC 2004) CY AUG 21-26, 2004 CL Pisa, ITALY C1 NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lemieux@biochem.ualb NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 1658 SU S BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 848XE UT WOS:000223500600051 ER PT J AU Itahana, K Campisi, J Dimri, GP AF Itahana, K Campisi, J Dimri, GP TI Mechanisms of cellular senescence in human and mouse cells SO BIOGERONTOLOGY LA English DT Review DE p16; p53; pRb; senescence; telomere ID REPLICATIVE LIFE-SPAN; TELOMERASE-DEFICIENT MICE; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; DNA-DAMAGE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; IN-VITRO; ONCOGENIC RAS; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; MAMMALIAN TELOMERES; BETA-GALACTOSIDASE AB Telomere erosion is considered to be the main cause of the onset of replicative senescence. However, recent findings suggest that a senescent phenotype can be induced by a variety of other stimuli that act independently of telomeres. Moreover, telomere-dependent replicative senescence depends on the species of cell origin, in particular whether cells are of human or rodent origin. In addition, the tissue of origin may also dictate the pathway by which cells undergo replicative senescence. In this Review article, we categorize cellular senescence into two types, which for simplicity we term intrinsic or extrinsic senescence, focus on the differences between human and mouse cells, and discuss the roles of the p53 and pRb tumor suppressor pathways in cellular senescence. C1 Evanston NW Healthcare Res Inst, Dept Med, Div Canc Biol, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dimri, GP (reprint author), Evanston NW Healthcare Res Inst, Dept Med, Div Canc Biol, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM gdimri@enh.org RI Itahana, Koji/J-5505-2013 OI Itahana, Koji/0000-0002-7241-2894 NR 83 TC 174 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-5729 J9 BIOGERONTOLOGY JI Biogerontology PY 2004 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1023/B:BGEN.0000017682.96395.10 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 778JW UT WOS:000189239300001 PM 15138376 ER PT S AU Boal, AK Headley, TJ Tissot, RG Bunker, BC AF Boal, AK Headley, TJ Tissot, RG Bunker, BC BE Aizenberg, J Landis, WJ Orme, C Wang, R TI Microtubule templated synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials SO BIOLOGICAL AND BIOINSPIRED MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological and Bioinspired Materials and Devices held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MATERIALS/ AB Protein microtubules (MTs) have been used as templates for the biomimetic synthesis of metal oxide, metal sulfide, and metallic nanomaterials. These materials were coated onto MTs via three distinct synthetic pathways: metal ion hydrolysis which yielded iron oxide or zinc oxide-coated microtubules, metal ion/sulfide co-precipitation which yielded zinc sulfide coated MTs, and metal ion reduction which yielded gold-coated MTs. The growth process of metal oxide coating involves heterogeneous nucleation on the MT surface and produces even, microcrystalline films. Metal sulfide and metal coating initially involves the formation of nanoparticle arrays that decorate the MT surface and can eventually lead to either semi- or fully continuous coatings. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Boal, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1413, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-773-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 823 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBA62 UT WOS:000224424400001 ER PT S AU Feng, J Kim, YH Zhang, SB Ding, SY Tucker, MP Rumbles, G Himmel, ME AF Feng, J Kim, YH Zhang, SB Ding, SY Tucker, MP Rumbles, G Himmel, ME BE Aizenberg, J Landis, WJ Orme, C Wang, R TI Cyclodextrins stabilize TOPO-(CdSe)ZnS quantum dots in water SO BIOLOGICAL AND BIOINSPIRED MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological and Bioinspired Materials and Devices held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc DE cyclodextrins; quantum dots; cyclodextrin-quantum dots; water-soluble ID DNA; NANOPARTICLES; PROTEIN; ORGANIZATION AB Chemical action between cyclodextrins (CDs) and TOPO-(CdSe)ZnS quantum dots (QDs) generates a water-soluble solution of CD-QDs. Hydrophobic TOPO molecules on surface of the QDs are compatible to thread through the pockets of CDs and make the hydroxyl group on end of CDs to approach the ZnS surface, and then cause the interaction between ZnS and the hydroxyls. In this paper, Photoluminescence of the gamma-CD-QD solution appeared about 15 nm of red movement compared with that of the QDs in hexane; 58% replacement of the crystal coordinate bond of Zn-S with that of Zn-O in the ZnS shell was demonstrated by using first-principles density functional theory and the red shift of the photoluminescence of CD-QDs; and -0.11 eV of the energy gain of the exchange model was calculated by using an effective mass (EM) model. CD-QDs will provide water-soluble QDs with conjugational group for biology and molecule-device applications. C1 Ctr Natl Bioenergy & Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Feng, J (reprint author), Ctr Natl Bioenergy & Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-773-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 823 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBA62 UT WOS:000224424400002 ER PT S AU Nalla, RK Kruzic, JJ Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Kruzic, JJ Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO BE Aizenberg, J Landis, WJ Orme, C Wang, R TI Mechanistic aspects of fracture of human cortical bone SO BIOLOGICAL AND BIOINSPIRED MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological and Bioinspired Materials and Devices held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID CRACK-GROWTH; SPECIMEN THICKNESS; COMPOSITES; DENSITY AB There has been growing interest of late in the fracture properties of human bone. As understanding such properties in the context of the hierarchical microstructure of bone is of obvious importance, this study addresses the evolution of the in vitro fracture toughness with crack extension (Resistance-curve behavior) in terms of the salient mechanisms involved. Fracture-mechanics based measurements were performed on compact-tension specimens hydrated in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution using cortical bone from mid-diaphyses of 34-41 year-old human humeri. Post-test observations of the crack path were made by optical microscopy and three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography. The fracture toughness was found to rise linearly with crack extension with a mean crack-initiation toughness of K-o similar to 2.0 MParootm for crack growth in the proximal-distal direction. The increasing cracking resistance had its origins in several toughening mechanisms, most notably crack bridging by uncracked ligaments. Uncracked-ligament bridging, which was observed by tomography in the wake of the crack, was identified as the dominant toughening mechanism responsible for the observed R-curve behavior through compliance-based experiments. The extent and nature of the bridging zone was examined quantitatively using multi-cutting compliance experiments in order to assess the bridging stress distribution. The results obtained in this study provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms associated with the failure of cortical bone, and as such are of importance from the perspective of developing a realistic framework for fracture risk assessment, and for determining how the increasing propensity for fracture with age can be prevented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nalla, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-773-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 823 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBA62 UT WOS:000224424400014 ER PT S AU Muyco, J Ratto, T Orme, C McKittrick, J Frangos, J AF Muyco, J Ratto, T Orme, C McKittrick, J Frangos, J BE Aizenberg, J Landis, WJ Orme, C Wang, R TI Interaction between titanium implant surfaces and hydrogen peroxide in biologically relevant environments SO BIOLOGICAL AND BIOINSPIRED MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological and Bioinspired Materials and Devices held at the 2004 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-16, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Titanium was exposed to dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to better characterize the interaction at the interface between the solution and metal. ne intensity of light passing through films of known thickness of titanium on quartz was measured as a function of time in contact with H2O2 in concentrations of 0.3% and 1.0%. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to record deflection-distance (force) curves as a probe approached the interface of titanium in contact with solution containing 0.3% of H2O2. The interaction layer measured using AIM techniques was much greater than the thickness of the titanium films used in this study. Raman spectroscopy taken during interaction shows the emergence of a Ti-peroxy gel and titania after 2 hours in contact with 0.3% H2O2 solution. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Muyco, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-773-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 823 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BBA62 UT WOS:000224424400033 ER PT S AU Bouchard, AM Osbourn, GC AF Bouchard, AM Osbourn, GC BE Ijspeert, AJ Murata, M Wakamiya, N TI Dynamic self-assembly and computation: From biological to information systems SO BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED APPROACHES TO ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology CY JAN 29-30, 2004 CL EPFL, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP Osaka Univ Forum, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Minist Educ, Culture, Sports, Sci & Technol Japan, 21st Century Ctr Excellence Program HO EPFL AB We present two ways in which dynamic self-assembly can be used to perform computation, via stochastic protein networks and self-assembling software. We describe our protein-emulating agent-based simulation infrastructure, which is used for both types of computations, and the few agent properties sufficient for dynamic self-assembly. Examples of protein-network-based computation and self-assembling software are presented. We describe some novel capabilities that are enabled by the inherently dynamic nature of the self-assembling executable code. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Chem Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bouchard, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Phys & Chem Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS 1423, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bouchar@sandia.gov; gcosbou@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-23339-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3141 BP 95 EP 110 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BBF72 UT WOS:000225262400008 ER PT J AU Swanson, P Schulz, IR Young, G Nagler, JJ Fukada, H Dickey, JT Cooper, KA Hodges, NG AF Swanson, P Schulz, IR Young, G Nagler, JJ Fukada, H Dickey, JT Cooper, KA Hodges, NG TI Acute waterborne exposure to ethynylestradiol suppresses endocrine signaling in the growth and reproductive systems of salmon. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, CANADA SP Soc Study Reprod HO Univ British Columbia C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. PNNL, Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2004 SI SI MA 48 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 840HJ UT WOS:000222848400108 ER PT J AU Kelley, SS Rowell, RM Davis, M Jurich, CK Ibach, R AF Kelley, SS Rowell, RM Davis, M Jurich, CK Ibach, R TI Rapid analysis of the chemical composition of agricultural fibers using near infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE rapid chemical analysis; near infrared spectroscopy; pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry ID EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS WOOD; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PULP YIELD; CELLULOSE CONTENT; TREE VARIATION; KRAFT PULPS; LIGNIN; HYDROXIDE; BIOMASS; SAMPLES AB The chemical composition of a variety of agricultural biomass samples was analyzed with near infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectroscopy. These samples were selected from a wide array of agricultural residue samples and included residues that had been subjected to a variety of different treatments including solvent extractions and chemical modifications. This analysis showed that both spectroscopic tools, coupled with multivariate analytical techniques, could be used to differentiate the samples and accurately predict the chemical composition of this disparate set of agricultural biomass samples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_kelley@nrel.gov OI davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.biomboie.2003.11.005 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 818XE UT WOS:000221277000008 ER PT J AU Pordesimo, LO Edens, WC Sokhansanj, S AF Pordesimo, LO Edens, WC Sokhansanj, S TI Distribution of aboveground biomass in corn stover SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE corn stover; residue; field drying; stover : grain ratio; residue multipliers ID IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; DRY-MATTER; MATURITY; PROTEIN; PLANTS; GRAIN; TREES; YIELD AB Corn stover can be a principal feedstock for bioenergy and industrial applications because of its abundance and its current underutilization. Development of strategies/systems for the postharvest handling of corn stover involves quantifying what corn stover biomass is available over time after grain physiological maturity has been reached. It also involves understanding how the biomass is distributed in the different aboveground components of the corn plant. The objectives of this preliminary investigation were to measure the allocation of biomass to aboveground components of the corn plant over time and to develop relationships for estimating total aboveground corn plant biomass through simple corn plant dimensional measurements. Aboveground biomass distribution for two corn cultivars (Pioneer 32K61 and 32K64 Bt) was studied in standing plants from roughly 1 week before grain physiological maturity until 4 weeks after grain harvest from other plots in the field. Over the monitoring period, the amount of dry matter in stover averaged 50% of the total aboveground dry plant mass with stalks comprising 50% of the stover dry matter at the time grain was harvested. This study indicated that the more conservative 0.8:1 stover:grain fresh weight ratio, rather than the 1:1 widely used, may be more realistic at the grain harvest moisture range of 18-31% w.b. Such precondition has not been clearly emphasized in the literature. Regression equations involving stalk diameter and plant height for DeKalb 626 derived to estimate fresh green weight and dry matter of the corn plant above the ground had a maximum R-2 of 0.75. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pordesimo, LO (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Environm Sci, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pordesim@utk.edu NR 27 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00124-7 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 776TH UT WOS:000189133200004 ER PT J AU McLendon, TR Lui, AP Pineault, RL Beer, SK Richardson, SW AF McLendon, TR Lui, AP Pineault, RL Beer, SK Richardson, SW TI High-pressure co-gasification of coal and biomass in a fluidized bed SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE biomass gasification; co-gasification; coal and biomass gasification; biomass solids fluidization; jetting fluidized bed gasification ID PYROLYSIS AB Mixtures of coal and biomass were co-gasified in a jetting, ash-agglomerating, fluidized-bed, pilot scale-sized gasifier to provide steady-state operating data for numerical simulation verification. Biomass used was sanding waste from furniture manufacture. Powder River Basin subbituminous and Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coals (screened from -1.2 to +0.25 mm) were mixed with sawdust (screened to -1.2 mm) and pneumatically conveyed into the gasifier at an operating pressure of 3.03 MPa. Feed mixtures ranged up to 35% by weight biomass. The results of gasification tests of subbituminous coal/sawdust mixtures showed few differences in operations compared to subbituminous coal only tests. The bituminous coal mixture had marked differences. Transport properties of coal/biomass mixtures were greatly improved compared to coal only. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Parsons Infrastruct & Technol Grp, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP McLendon, TR (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM tmclen@netl.doe.gov NR 20 TC 61 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 377 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.003 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 776TH UT WOS:000189133200007 ER PT S AU Yan, F Stokes, DL Wabuyele, MB Griffin, GD Vass, AA Vo-Dinh, T AF Yan, F Stokes, DL Wabuyele, MB Griffin, GD Vass, AA Vo-Dinh, T BE MahadevanJansen, A Sowa, MG Puppels, GJ Gryczynski, Z VoDinh, T Lakowicz, JR TI Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection for chemical and biological agents SO BIOMEDICAL VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY AND BIOHAZARD DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy and Biohazard Detection Technologies CY JAN 25-27, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, USAF Off Sci Res DE metallic nanostructures; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; chemical agent simulants; biological agent simulates; silver nanoclusters; plasmonic sensors ID SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; FILMS; DYE; AG AB Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of chemical agent simulants such as dimethyl methylphonate (DMMP), pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP), diethyl phosphoramidate (DEPA), and 2-chloroethyl ethylsulfide (CEES), and biological agent simulants such as bacillus globigii (BG), erwinia herbicola (EH), and bacillus thuringiensis (BT) were obtained from silver oxide film-deposited substrates. Thin AgO films ranging in thickness from 50 nm to 250 nm were produced by chemical bath deposition onto glass slides. Further Raman intensity enhancements were noticed in UV irradiated surfaces due to photo-induced Ag nanocluster formation, which may provide a possible route to producing highly useful plasmonic sensors for the detection of chemical and biological agents upon visible light illumination. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yan, Fei/P-1330-2014 OI Yan, Fei/0000-0001-5983-143X NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5229-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5321 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1117/12.558478 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BAO14 UT WOS:000223057100037 ER PT J AU Maly, IV Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA AF Maly, IV Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA TI Self-organization of polarized cell signaling via autocrine circuits: Computational model analysis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE CASCADE; FACTOR RECEPTOR; EGF-RECEPTOR; TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES; COVALENT MODIFICATION; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; MEMBRANE; DIFFUSION; BINDING AB Recent studies have suggested that autocrine signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) might be involved in generating or maintaining an intrinsic polarity in tissue cells, possibly via spatial localization of EGFR-mediated signaling. The difficulty of experimental investigation of autocrine signaling makes especially valuable an application of computational modeling for critical hypotheses about the dynamic operation of the underlying signaling circuits, both intracellular and extracellular. Toward this end, we develop and analyze here a spatially distributed dynamic computational model of autocrine EGFR signaling. Under certain conditions, the model spontaneously evolves into a state wherein sustained signaling is spatially localized on smaller than cell dimension, conferring a polarity to the otherwise nonpolar model cell. Conditions of a sufficiently large rate of autocrine EGFR ligand release and of a sufficiently small exogenous ligand concentration are qualitatively consistent with experimental observations of EGFR-mediated migration. Thus, computational analysis supports the concept that autocrine EGFR signaling circuits could play a role in helping generate and/or maintain an intrinsic cell spatial polarity, possibly related to migration as well as tissue organization. We additionally offer particular suggestions for critical nodes in the EGFR signaling circuits governing this self-organization capability. C1 MIT, Biol Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP MIT, Biol Engn Div, Rm 56-379, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM maly@mit.edu OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL64858, P01 HL064858]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM62575] NR 52 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 BP 10 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74079-5 PN 1 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 757MA UT WOS:000187565000003 PM 14695245 ER PT J AU Riley, K Zazubovich, V Jankowiak, R Small, GJ AF Riley, K Zazubovich, V Jankowiak, R Small, GJ TI Spectral hole burning studies of the isolated photosystem II reaction center of green plants SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 12A EP 12A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200059 ER PT J AU Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Woolf, TB AF Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Woolf, TB TI Molecular dynamcis simulation of rhodopsin photoisomerization SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Mat & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Proc Modeling, Albuquerque, NM USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 16A EP 16A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200079 ER PT J AU Burns, AR AF Burns, AR TI Imaging lipid domains in supported membranes with simultaneous atomic force and fluorescence microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 18A EP 18A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200088 ER PT J AU Wang, HW Nogales, E AF Wang, HW Nogales, E TI An iterative algorithm for reconstruction of the double-layered helical tubes of GDP-Tubulin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 27A EP 28A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200135 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Holland, GP AF Alam, TM Holland, GP TI The effect of Tetanus toxin binding on membrane dynamics: A H-2, P-31 static and magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy investigation. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, NMR Facil, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 30A EP 30A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200150 ER PT J AU Moran-Mirabal, J Singh, A Baird, B Craighead, H AF Moran-Mirabal, J Singh, A Baird, B Craighead, H TI Lipid and high resolution surface chemical patterning SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RI Moran-Mirabal, Jose/B-6908-2008; Moran-Mirabal, Jose/K-8888-2012 OI Moran-Mirabal, Jose/0000-0002-4811-3085; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 34A EP 34A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200168 ER PT J AU Heller, WT Finley, NL Dong, WJ Timmins, P Cheung, HC Rosevear, PR Trewhella, J AF Heller, WT Finley, NL Dong, WJ Timmins, P Cheung, HC Rosevear, PR Trewhella, J TI SANS reveals the influence of phosphorylation on the structure of the cardiac troponin complex SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Dong, Wenji/A-8579-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 51A EP 51A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200260 ER PT J AU Krueger, JK Paine, MS Yang, L Yin, HL AF Krueger, JK Paine, MS Yang, L Yin, HL TI Calcium-induced conformational transitions in gelsolin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RI Krueger, Joanna/A-3110-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 71A EP 71A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200365 ER PT J AU Kim, NK Bowman, MK DeRose, VJ AF Kim, NK Bowman, MK DeRose, VJ TI Monitoring tertiary interactions in the hammerhead ribozyme using pulsed EPR spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 143A EP 143A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200736 ER PT J AU Tung, CS AF Tung, CS TI A knowledge-based approach in modeling RNA loop structures SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 145A EP 145A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200745 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Micic, M Klymyshyn, N Suh, YD Lu, HP AF Hu, DH Micic, M Klymyshyn, N Suh, YD Lu, HP TI Correlated topographic and spectroscopic imaging beyond diffraction limit by metallic tip-enhanced near-field fluorescence lifetime microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 148A EP 148A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200765 ER PT J AU Coates, C Denvir, D Haron, I Hollywood, M Thornbury, K McHale, N AF Coates, C Denvir, D Haron, I Hollywood, M Thornbury, K McHale, N TI EMCCD - The definitive ultra low-light solution? SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 151A EP 151A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200779 ER PT J AU Pautot, S Lee, H Dean, C Nye, J Isacoff, E Groves, JT AF Pautot, S Lee, H Dean, C Nye, J Isacoff, E Groves, JT TI Toward control of synapse formation: Specific binding of neurexin expressing cells on patterned lipid bilayer containing GPI-linked neuroligin. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 161A EP 162A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200838 ER PT J AU Yu, CH Parikh, AN Groves, JT AF Yu, CH Parikh, AN Groves, JT TI Direct Patterning of membrane-derivatized colloids with in situ UV-ozone photolithography SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 162A EP 162A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200839 ER PT J AU Amer, H Ognibene, T Colvin, M Vogel, J Christian, A Bench, G Benjamin, K AF Amer, H Ognibene, T Colvin, M Vogel, J Christian, A Bench, G Benjamin, K TI Quantitation of carbon-14 in single yeast cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Inst Mol Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 164A EP 165A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200855 ER PT J AU Montano, GA Dattelbaum, AM Gao, JB Ferris, MM Rocha, RC Wang, HL Shreve, AP AF Montano, GA Dattelbaum, AM Gao, JB Ferris, MM Rocha, RC Wang, HL Shreve, AP TI Interfacial and model membrane assemblies incorporating fullerenes, polymers and phospholipids SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 164A EP 164A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200850 ER PT J AU Chaudhuri, BN Chan, S Perry, J Yeates, TO AF Chaudhuri, BN Chan, S Perry, J Yeates, TO TI Crystal structure of psi55 pseudouridine synthase from M. tuberculosis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 175A EP 175A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200903 ER PT J AU Squier, TC Siegel, RW Hooker, BS Markillie, M Mayer, MU Lin, CT Shi, L Smith, RD Wiley, HS AF Squier, TC Siegel, RW Hooker, BS Markillie, M Mayer, MU Lin, CT Shi, L Smith, RD Wiley, HS TI High-throughput approaches for the identification and characterization of protein complexes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 178A EP 178A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200920 ER PT J AU Ivanova, M Sawaya, M Gingery, M Attinger, A Eisenberg, D AF Ivanova, M Sawaya, M Gingery, M Attinger, A Eisenberg, D TI An amyloid forming segment of beta 2-microglobulin suggests on atomic model for the fibril SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA USA. La Jolla Inst Allergy & Immunol, Div Dev Immunol, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 179A EP 179A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200926 ER PT J AU Watkins, LP Yang, H AF Watkins, LP Yang, H TI Single molecule dynamics of adenylate kinase SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 180A EP 180A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200930 ER PT J AU Larabell, C Le Gros, M AF Larabell, C Le Gros, M TI Whole cell cryo X-ray tomography and protein localization at 50 run resolution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 185A EP 185A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200956 ER PT J AU Liang, H Sale, K Hambly, B Baumann, B Fajer, P AF Liang, H Sale, K Hambly, B Baumann, B Fajer, P TI Application of novel EPR and molecular modeling methods to spectroscopic determination of the S1 RLC orientation in muscle fibers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Hambly, Brett/B-1965-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 187A EP 187A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200966 ER PT J AU Fajer, P Likai, S Liu, YS Perozo, E Budil, D Sale, K AF Fajer, P Likai, S Liu, YS Perozo, E Budil, D Sale, K TI Molecular modeling tools for dipolar EPR. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Field Magnet Labs, Inst Mol Biophys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 191A EP 191A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971200984 ER PT J AU Kaizuka, Y Rozovsky, S Groves, JT AF Kaizuka, Y Rozovsky, S Groves, JT TI 2D colloidal arrays of monodisperse phase separated membrane domains formed in a supported bilayer SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 202A EP 202A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201041 ER PT J AU Paul-Pletzer, K Yamamoto, T Ikemoto, N Ma, JJ Jimenez, LS Morimoto, H Williams, PG Parness, J AF Paul-Pletzer, K Yamamoto, T Ikemoto, N Ma, JJ Jimenez, LS Morimoto, H Williams, PG Parness, J TI Probing the conformation of the dantrolene binding site on RyR2 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. Boston Biomed Res Inst, Watertown, MA USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. EO Lawerence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil & Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 221A EP 221A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201137 ER PT J AU Sale, K Gray, G Faulon, JL Schoeniger, J Young, M AF Sale, K Gray, G Faulon, JL Schoeniger, J Young, M TI Optimal bundling of the transmembrane helices of integral membrane proteins using sparse distance constraints SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 257A EP 257A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201321 ER PT J AU Chao, Y Fu, D AF Chao, Y Fu, D TI Purification and isothermal titration calorimetric analysis of YiiP, a zinc transporter from E-coli. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 260A EP 260A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201340 ER PT J AU Fast, P AF Fast, P TI Three-dimensional simulations of intercellular calcium signaling in a multiblock grid model of epithelial cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 303A EP 303A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201558 ER PT J AU Zuo, XB Tiede, DM Lewis, FD AF Zuo, XB Tiede, DM Lewis, FD TI Studying DNA conformational dynamics in solution with wide angle X-ray scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Zuo, Xiaobing/F-1469-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 312A EP 312A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201602 ER PT J AU Nowak, KL Rector, KD AF Nowak, KL Rector, KD TI Adaptation of a commercial multiphoton microscope to perform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Rector, Kirk/C-3584-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 321A EP 321A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201653 ER PT J AU Ratto, TV Langry, KC Rudd, RE Balhorn, RL McElfresh, MW AF Ratto, TV Langry, KC Rudd, RE Balhorn, RL McElfresh, MW TI Mono and multivalency in tethered protein-carbohydrate bonds SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 322A EP 322A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201660 ER PT J AU Slade, A Sasaki, DY Yip, CM AF Slade, A Sasaki, DY Yip, CM TI Topography targeted force mapping microscopy (T2FMM) of membrane-associated protein complexes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 323A EP 323A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201664 ER PT J AU Raarup, MK Chandler, DW Dame, RT Goosen, N Schmidt, T AF Raarup, MK Chandler, DW Dame, RT Goosen, N Schmidt, T TI Single-molecule FRET microscopy of DNA bending by bacterial nucleoid proteins SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Leiden Univ, Dept Biophys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Dept Mol Genet, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 327A EP 327A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201686 ER PT J AU Dawson, SP Ventura, AC Bruno, L Demuro, A Parker, I AF Dawson, SP Ventura, AC Bruno, L Demuro, A Parker, I TI Analyzing fluorescent images of intracellular calcium SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 343A EP 343A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201764 ER PT J AU Izu, LT Means, SA Chen-Izu, Y Shadid, J Balke, CW AF Izu, LT Means, SA Chen-Izu, Y Shadid, J Balke, CW TI Three-dimensional simulations of Ca2+ wave propagation in atrial cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 343A EP 343A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201765 ER PT J AU Garcia, AE Onuchic, JN AF Garcia, AE Onuchic, JN TI All atom simulation of the folding/unfolding thermodynamics of protein A SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 345A EP 345A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201773 ER PT J AU Strzalka, J DiMasi, E Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Blasie, JK AF Strzalka, J DiMasi, E Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Blasie, JK TI Resonance X-ray reflectivity to probe the profile structure of Langmuir monolayers of lipids and peptides SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrontron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CMC CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 349A EP 349A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201795 ER PT J AU Frink, LJ Frischknecht, AL AF Frink, LJ Frischknecht, AL TI Studying lipid bilayers and their embedded proteins with molecular theory SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 371A EP 371A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201912 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ AF Stevens, MJ TI Simulation of lipid bilayers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 371A EP 371A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201915 ER PT J AU Ding, L Liu, WH Wang, WC Yang, L Worcester, D Huang, HW AF Ding, L Liu, WH Wang, WC Yang, L Worcester, D Huang, HW TI Solving the phase problem of the inverted hexagnol structure by neutron diffaction SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 378A EP 378A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201951 ER PT J AU Wu, GH Majewski, J Ege, C Kjaer, K Weygand, M Lal, J Lee, KYC AF Wu, GH Majewski, J Ege, C Kjaer, K Weygand, M Lal, J Lee, KYC TI Interaction of poloxamer with model lipid membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 378A EP 378A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201952 ER PT J AU Marxer, CG Park, ES Weber, PK Hutcheon, ID Boxer, SG AF Marxer, CG Park, ES Weber, PK Hutcheon, ID Boxer, SG TI Lipid membrane composition analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 383A EP 383A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201977 ER PT J AU Li, JH Bigelow, DJ Squier, TC AF Li, JH Bigelow, DJ Squier, TC TI Conformational changes in cytosolic domain of phospholamban upon release of Ca-ATPase inhibition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 386A EP 386A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971201991 ER PT J AU Finley, NL Heller, WT Sumandea, MP Solaro, RJ Trewhella, J Rosevear, PR AF Finley, NL Heller, WT Sumandea, MP Solaro, RJ Trewhella, J Rosevear, PR TI Mechanisms of phosphorylation induced modulation of cardiac troponin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 396A EP 397A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202045 ER PT J AU Damjanovic, A Garcia-Moreno, BE Lattman, EE Garcia, AE AF Damjanovic, A Garcia-Moreno, BE Lattman, EE Garcia, AE TI Molecular dynamics study of water penetration in mutants of staphylococcal nuclease with internal ionizable residues SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 414A EP 414A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202137 ER PT J AU Mielke, SP Benham, CJ Jensen, NG Fink, WH Krishnan, KVV AF Mielke, SP Benham, CJ Jensen, NG Fink, WH Krishnan, KVV TI A dynamical model of localized denaturation in superhelical, closed circular DNA SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBRP, Mol Biophys Grp, Livermore, CA USA. RI Benham, Craig/G-1512-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 415A EP 415A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202142 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY Tung, CS AF Sanbonmatsu, KY Tung, CS TI Large-scale simulations of the ribosome SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 415A EP 415A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202143 ER PT J AU Das, R Diallo, M Baird, E Coates, G GoldStein, B Holowka, D Baird, B AF Das, R Diallo, M Baird, E Coates, G GoldStein, B Holowka, D Baird, B TI Structural interactions and dynamics of poly(ethylene)glycol-based ligands that bind to IgE on mast cells. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 448A EP 448A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202307 ER PT J AU Tan, X Hu, DH Squire, TC Lu, P AF Tan, X Hu, DH Squire, TC Lu, P TI Probing nanosecond protein motions of calmodulin by single molecule fluorescence anisotropy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 475A EP 475A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202445 ER PT J AU Jeans, C Thelen, M Noy, A Colvin, M AF Jeans, C Thelen, M Noy, A Colvin, M TI Single molecule studies of chromatin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 477A EP 477A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202458 ER PT J AU Sulchek, T Colvin, M Noy, A DeNardo, S AF Sulchek, T Colvin, M Noy, A DeNardo, S TI Force spectroscopy to study multivalent binding in protein-antibody interactions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 478A EP 478A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202461 ER PT J AU Brewer, SH Tang, YF Raleigh, DP Vu, DM Dyer, RB Franzen, S AF Brewer, SH Tang, YF Raleigh, DP Vu, DM Dyer, RB Franzen, S TI Infrared T-Jump investigation of the folding kinetics of the villin headpiece subdomain SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 497A EP 497A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202567 ER PT J AU Fenimore, P McMahon, B Bruno, B Anghel, M AF Fenimore, P McMahon, B Bruno, B Anghel, M TI Conformational motions from native-state bias Hamiltonians using sequence analysis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Non Linear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 500A EP 500A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202581 ER PT J AU LaBute, MX Henkelman, G Tung, CS Fenimore, PW McMahon, BH AF LaBute, MX Henkelman, G Tung, CS Fenimore, PW McMahon, BH TI Conformational variability in the protein kinase A phosphoryl transfer SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Henkelman, Graeme/A-9301-2008 OI Henkelman, Graeme/0000-0002-0336-7153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 502A EP 503A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202597 ER PT J AU Lu, K Jacob, J Thiyagarajan, P Conticello, VP David, LG AF Lu, K Jacob, J Thiyagarajan, P Conticello, VP David, LG TI Self-assembly of amyloid-beta (A beta) congener into nanotube scaffolds SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 505A EP 506A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202613 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Mangel, WF McGrath, WJ Perek, JL Lee, DW Chance, MR AF Gupta, S Mangel, WF McGrath, WJ Perek, JL Lee, DW Chance, MR TI Structural studies on the interaction of the adenovirus proteinase (AVP) with its cofactors using synchrotron protein footprinting SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Assoc Univ Inc, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 509A EP 509A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202630 ER PT J AU Shen, N Colvin, M Genin, F Huser, T Cortopassi, GA Stearns, T LeDuc, P Ingber, DE Mazur, E AF Shen, N Colvin, M Genin, F Huser, T Cortopassi, GA Stearns, T LeDuc, P Ingber, DE Mazur, E TI Using femtosecond laser subcellular surgery to studycell biology SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mol Biosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Surg, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Mazur, Eric/B-8918-2009; Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012; LeDuc, Philip/M-1103-2014 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416; LeDuc, Philip/0000-0001-6397-2905 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 520A EP 520A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202686 ER PT J AU Rivera, SB Bauer, JM Koch, SJ Edwards, M Bachand, GD AF Rivera, SB Bauer, JM Koch, SJ Edwards, M Bachand, GD TI Kinesin from thermomyces lanuginosus displays novel kinetic properties and fast velocities at high temperature SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Micro Total Anal Syst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 528A EP 528A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971202726 ER PT J AU Drennan, AC Rajh, T Tiede, DM Mandell, KE AF Drennan, AC Rajh, T Tiede, DM Mandell, KE TI Development of DNA dumbbell as a molecular wire SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Beloit Coll, Beloit, WI 53511 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 596A EP 596A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203077 ER PT J AU Dugan, L Huser, T Christian, A AF Dugan, L Huser, T Christian, A TI Tracking of dual-labeled SiHybrid gene-silencing molecules in individual human cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PBI, BBRP, Livermore, CA USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 598A EP 598A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203088 ER PT J AU Laurence, T Talley, C Huser, T Colvin, M AF Laurence, T Talley, C Huser, T Colvin, M TI Application of SERS nanoparticles for intracellular pH measurements SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA USA. RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 601A EP 601A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203105 ER PT J AU Yang, L AF Yang, L TI A high-brightness instrument for small angle scattering from biomolecular solutions at NSLS SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 615A EP 615A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203180 ER PT J AU Barsky, D Kim, KS Beernink, PT Hadi, MZ Wilson, DM AF Barsky, D Kim, KS Beernink, PT Hadi, MZ Wilson, DM TI Mutations that affect protein stability: An experimental and computational approach applied to cancer-associated variants of a DNA repair enzyme, APEI SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA USA. NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, GRC, IRP,NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 620A EP 620A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203208 ER PT J AU Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE AF Gnanakaran, S Garcia, AE TI Description of competing interactions responsible for the shift in secondary structure preference with increasing size of peptides in aqueous solution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 623A EP 624A PN 2 PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203225 ER PT J AU Nymeyer, H Garcia, AE AF Nymeyer, H Garcia, AE TI Diversity of structure in the TRPcage protein studied by replica exchange molecular dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society CY FEB 14-18, 2004 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 1 SU S BP 624A EP 624A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 762KQ UT WOS:000187971203226 ER PT J AU Fuller, ME Manning, JF AF Fuller, ME Manning, JF TI Microbiological changes during bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soils in laboratory and pilot-scale bioslurry reactors SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TNT; TNB; trinitrotoluene; fatty acid analysis; bioremediation; toxicity; biodegradation; microbial ecology; explosive ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; LIPID ANALYSIS; BIOMASS; TRANSFORMATION; ECOLOGY; BIODEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION AB Changes in the microbial community during bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soil in a molasses-fed bioslurry process were examined. Upon addition of molasses to laboratory-scale reactors, total culturable heterotrophs increased rapidly by three to four orders of magnitude. However, heat-shocked heterotrophs and the percentage of gram-positive bacterial isolates did not increase until the soluble concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB) began to decrease. The number of identified phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and the total PLFA concentration also exhibited an immediate increase in response to molasses addition, while the concentration of branched PLFA, indicative of the gram-positive population, remained low until soluble TNT and TNB concentrations had significantly decreased. This same general relationship between explosives degradation and gram-positive-specific PLFA was observed during an experiment with a large field-scale bioslurry lagoon reactor. These results indicate that the gram-positive organisms, which have been shown to be severely impacted by even low concentrations of TNT and TNB [Current Microbiol. 35 (1997) 77; Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 (1998) 2185], are able to increase in concentrations after explosives compounds are reduced to non-inhibitory levels, and should therefore be able to reestablish themselves in remediated soils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fuller, ME (reprint author), Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Princeton Res Ctr, 4100 Quakerbridge Rd, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM mark.fuller@shawgrp.com NR 41 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00180-9 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 766UU UT WOS:000188394600003 PM 14592740 ER PT J AU Schell, DJ Riley, CJ Dowe, N Farmer, J Ibsen, KN Ruth, MF Toon, ST Lumpkin, RE AF Schell, DJ Riley, CJ Dowe, N Farmer, J Ibsen, KN Ruth, MF Toon, ST Lumpkin, RE TI A bioethanol process development unit: initial operating experiences and results with a corn fiber feedstock SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn fiber; cellulose; pilot plant; pretreatment; fermentation; dilute-acid hydrolysis; cellulase; ethanol; contamination ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; CONVERSION; SOFTWOODS AB Interest in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks for use as an alternative fuel is increasing, but near-term commercialization will require a low cost feedstock. One such feedstock, corn fiber, was tested in the US Department of Energy (DOE)/National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) bioethanol pilot plant for the purpose of testing integrated equipment operation and generating performance data. During initial runs in 1995, the plant was operated for two runs lasting 10 and 15 days each and utilized unit operations for feedstock handling, pretreatment by dilute sulfuric-acid hydrolysis, yeast inoculum production, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using a commercially available cellulase enzyme. Although significant operational problems were encountered, as would be expected with the startup of any new plant, operating experience was gained and preliminary data were generated on corn fiber pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the pretreated material. Bacterial contamination was a significant problem during these fermentations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NREL, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. SWAN Biomass Co, Oak Brook Terrace, IL 60181 USA. RP Schell, DJ (reprint author), NREL, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dan_schell@nrel.gov NR 17 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 91 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00167-6 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 766UU UT WOS:000188394600011 PM 14592748 ER PT J AU Sorensen, J AF Sorensen, J TI Risk communication and terrorism SO BIOSECURITY AND BIOTERRORISM-BIODEFENSE STRATEGY PRACTICE AND SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sorensen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 1062, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jhs@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1538-7135 J9 BIOSECUR BIOTERROR JI Biosecur. Bioterror. PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 229 EP 231 DI 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.229 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; International Relations GA 902LM UT WOS:000227358600013 PM 15588062 ER PT J AU Viamajala, S Peyton, BM Sani, RK Apel, WA Petersen, JN AF Viamajala, S Peyton, BM Sani, RK Apel, WA Petersen, JN TI Toxic effects of chromium(VI) on anaerobic and aerobic growth of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL RESISTANCE; HEXAVALENT-CHROMIUM; CHROMATE-RESISTANCE; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; STRAIN; KINETICS; PLASMID AB Cr(VI) was added to early- and mid-log-phase Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) MR-1 cultures to study the physiological state-dependent toxicity of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) reduction and culture growth were measured during and after Cr(VI) reduction. Inhibition of growth was observed when Cr(VI) was added to cultures of MR-1 growing aerobically or anaerobically with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor. Under anaerobic conditions, there was immediate cessation of growth upon addition of Cr(VI) in early- and mid-log-phase cultures. However, once Cr(VI) was reduced below detection limits (0.002 mM), the cultures resumed growth with normal cell yield values observed. In contrast to anaerobic MR-1 cultures, addition of Cr(VI) to aerobically growing cultures resulted in a gradual decrease of the growth rate. In addition, under aerobic conditions, lower cell yields were also observed with Cr(VI)-treated cultures when compared to cultures that were not exposed to Cr(VI). Differences in response to Cr(VI) between aerobically and anaerobically growing cultures indicate that Cr(VI) toxicity in MR-1 is dependent on the physiological growth condition of the culture. Cr(VI) reduction has been previously studied in Shewanella spp., and it has been proposed that Shewanella spp. may be used in Cr(VI) bioremediation systems. Studies of Shewanella spp. provide valuable information on the microbial physiology of dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria; however, our study indicates that S. oneidensis MR-1 is highly susceptible to growth inhibition by Cr(VI) toxicity, even at low concentrations [0.015 mM Cr(VI)]. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, WSU NSF, IGERT Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Biotechnol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 642719, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bmp@wsu.edu RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 61 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 20 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1021/bp034131q PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 772UZ UT WOS:000188861300012 PM 14763828 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG Chu, LW Murnane, JP Weier, JF AF Weier, HUG Chu, LW Murnane, JP Weier, JF TI Applications and technical challenges of fluorescence in situ hybridization in stem cell research SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stem Cell Plasticity CY APR 08-11, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Leukemia & Lymphoma Soc, Univ Nevada, Roger Williams Med Ctr DE stem cells; cytogenetics; chromosome enumeration; fluorescence in situ hybridization; DNA probes; spectral imaging; spectral karyotyping ID PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; SATELLITE DNA PROBES; Y-CHROMOSOME; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS; INTERPHASE CELLS; FISH; TRANSLOCATIONS; AMPLIFICATION; ABNORMALITIES; LOCALIZATION AB Stem cell research, maintenance, and manipulations have advanced significantly in recent years, and we now witness successful clinical applications of stem therapies. However, challenges in regard to karyotypic stability and the ploidy status of stem cell lines have been addressed only marginally. Our approach to develop technology to address these highly relevant issues is based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using nonisotopically labeled DNA probes. As a single cell analysis technique, FISH is expected to be applicable to a variety of cells and tissues including interphase and metaphase cell preparations as well as tissue sections and biopsy material. Over the last decade, our laboratories generated a large number of probes and probe sets for the molecular cytogenetic analyses of stem cells derived from different species. These probes and the introduction of spectral imaging bring us close to be able to perform a comprehensive karyotype analysis of single interphase cell nuclei. It should furthermore be possible to couple cytogenetic investigations of the cellular genotype with analysis of gene expression. This report summarizes our technical achievements relevant to stem cell research and outlines plans for future research and developments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Subcellular Struct, Div Life Sci, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Radiat Oncol Res Lab, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Reprod Genet Unit, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Subcellular Struct, Div Life Sci, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ugweier@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88258, CA80792]; NICHD NIH HHS [K25HD041425]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES08627] NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 32 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.bcmd.2003.09.017 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 773DT UT WOS:000188883000013 PM 14757416 ER PT J AU Xie, G Bonner, CA Song, J Keyhani, NO Jensen, RA AF Xie, Gary Bonner, Carol A. Song, Jian Keyhani, Nemat O. Jensen, Roy A. TI Inter-genomic displacement via lateral gene transfer of bacterial trp operons in an overall context of vertical genealogy SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: The growing conviction that lateral gene transfer plays a significant role in prokaryote genealogy opens up a need for comprehensive evaluations of gene-enzyme systems on a case-by-case basis. Genes of tryptophan biosynthesis are frequently organized as whole-pathway operons, an attribute that is expected to facilitate multi-gene transfer in a single step. We have asked whether events of lateral gene transfer are sufficient to have obscured our ability to track the vertical genealogy that underpins tryptophan biosynthesis. Results: In 47 complete-genome Bacteria, the genes encoding the seven catalytic domains that participate in primary tryptophan biosynthesis were distinguished from any paralogs or xenologs engaged in other specialized functions. A reliable list of orthologs with carefully ascertained functional roles has thus been assembled and should be valuable as an annotation resource. The protein domains associated with primary tryptophan biosynthesis were then concatenated, yielding single amino-acid sequence strings that represent the entire tryptophan pathway. Lateral gene transfer of several whole-pathway trp operons was demonstrated by use of phylogenetic analysis. Lateral gene transfer of partial-pathway trp operons was also shown, with newly recruited genes functioning either in primary biosynthesis (rarely) or specialized metabolism (more frequently). Conclusions: (i) Concatenated tryptophan protein trees are congruent with 16S rRNA subtrees provided that the genomes represented are of sufficiently close phylogenetic spacing. There are currently seven tryptophan congruency groups in the Bacteria. Recognition of a succession of others can be expected in the near future, but ultimately these should coalesce to a single grouping that parallels the 16S rRNA tree (except for cases of lateral gene transfer). (ii) The vertical trace of evolution for tryptophan biosynthesis can be deduced. The daunting complexities engendered by paralogy, xenology, and idiosyncrasies of nomenclature at this point in time have necessitated an expert-assisted manual effort to achieve a correct analysis. Once recognized and sorted out, paralogy and xenology can be viewed as features that enrich evolutionary histories. C1 [Xie, Gary; Song, Jian; Jensen, Roy A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Bonner, Carol A.; Keyhani, Nemat O.; Jensen, Roy A.] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Jensen, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM xie@lanl.gov; cbonner@ufl.edu; jian@lanl.gov; keyhani@ufl.edu; rjensen@ufl.edu RI Keyhani, Nemat/I-8150-2013 FU National Library of Medicine [G13 LM008297] FX This is Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-09802. R Jensen thanks the National Library of Medicine (Grant G13 LM008297) for partial support. Some of the preliminary sequence data were obtained from the Institute for Genomic Research [58], National Center for Biotechnology Information [57], and Integrated Genomics, Inc. [61]. We thank Charles Yanofsky and Ross Overbeek for their critiques of an early version of this manuscript. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PY 2004 VL 2 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-2-15 PG 30 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA V40AM UT WOS:000209451500015 PM 15214963 ER PT J AU Fata, JE Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Fata, JE Werb, Z Bissell, MJ TI Regulation of mammary gland branching morphogenesis by the extracellular matrix and its remodeling enzymes SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE branching morphogenesis; extracellular matrix (ECM); integrins; mammary gland; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; HUMAN-BREAST-CARCINOMA; HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN; FACTOR SCATTER FACTOR; TRANSGENIC MICE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DUCTAL MORPHOGENESIS; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BASAL LAMINA AB A considerable body of research indicates that mammary gland branching morphogenesis is dependent, in part, on the extracellular matrix ( ECM), ECM- receptors, such as integrins and other ECM receptors, and ECM- degrading enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ( TIMPs). There is some evidence that these ECM cues affect one or more of the following processes: cell survival, polarity, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. Both three-dimensional culture models and genetic manipulations of the mouse mammary gland have been used to study the signaling pathways that affect these processes. However, the precise mechanisms of ECM- directed mammary morphogenesis are not well understood. Mammary morphogenesis involves epithelial 'invasion' of adipose tissue, a process akin to invasion by breast cancer cells, although the former is a highly regulated developmental process. How these morphogenic pathways are integrated in the normal gland and how they become dysregulated and subverted in the progression of breast cancer also remain largely unanswered questions. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jefata@lbl.gov; mjbissell@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, CA64786, R01 CA057621, R01 CA064786, R37 CA064786] NR 139 TC 193 Z9 197 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1186/bcr634 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 751WA UT WOS:000187112000006 PM 14680479 ER PT J AU Schmeichel, KL AF Schmeichel, KL TI A fly's eye view of tumor progression and metastasis SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID DROSOPHILA; SCRIBBLE; CANCER C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schmeichel, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KLSchmeichel@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1186/bcr763 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 807SU UT WOS:000220522000005 PM 14979911 ER PT B AU Whelan, G Pelton, MA Dorow, KE AF Whelan, G Pelton, MA Dorow, KE BE Whelan, G TI Decision-support tools for the assessment process SO BROWNFIELDS: MULTIMEDIA MODELLING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Siena, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Siena, Univ Orleans, Ctr Brownfield Initiat AB A new software system is under development that provides a framework to link disparate. assessment software and databases for site-specific, regional, or national analyses. This system represents the merger of the Framework for Risk Analysis in Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES), which performs site-specific assessments, and Multi-media, Multi-pathway, Multi-receptor Risk Assessment (3MRA) methodology, which performs regional and national assessments. This Merged System is an icon-driven, site-layout platform, which represents an interactive means by which the user graphically constructs a conceptualization of the problem by visually expressing the assessment, indicating sources of contamination, contaminant travel pathways through the environment, linkages between contamination and people or wildlife, and impacts associated with the contamination. It processes data as part of a systems-based assessment and is an open-architecture, object-oriented framework, which contains "sockets" for a collection of databases and computer codes that will transparently simulate elements of transport, exposure, and risk assessment, including contaminant source and release to and through overland soils, vadose and saturated zones, air, surface water, food supply, intake human health impacts, sensitivity/uncertainty, ecological impacts, with the ability to expand into areas including Geographical Information System (GIS), remediation technology, cost analysis, Data Quality Objectives, life-cycle management, and conceptual site design. A user can choose from a list of models, and the assessment path forward can be visually presented, which describes the models and their linkages from source through receptor to the decision-making endpoint. C1 US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Whelan, G (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-755-8 PY 2004 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBN75 UT WOS:000226303200001 ER PT B AU Dorow, KE Gorton, I Thurman, DA AF Dorow, KE Gorton, I Thurman, DA BE Whelan, G TI A distributed multi-user role-based model integration framework SO BROWNFIELDS: MULTIMEDIA MODELLING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Siena, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Siena, Univ Orleans, Ctr Brownfield Initiat AB Integrated computational modelling can be very useful in making quick, yet informed decisions related to environmental issues including Brownfield assessments. Unfortunately, the process of creating meaningful information using this methodology is fraught with difficulties, particularly when multiple computational models are required. Common problems include the inability to seamlessly transfer information between models, the difficulty of incorporating new models and integrating heterogeneous data sources, executing large numbers of model runs in a reasonable time frame, and adequately capturing pedigree information that describes the specific computational steps and data required to reproduce results. While current model integration frameworks have successfully addressed some of these problems, none have addressed all of them. Building on existing work at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), we have created an extensible software architecture for the next generation of model integration frameworks that addresses these issues. This paper describes this architecture that is being developed to support integrated water resource modelling in a metropolitan area. C1 US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Dorow, KE (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RI Gorton, Ian/A-8247-2009 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-755-8 PY 2004 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBN75 UT WOS:000226303200002 ER PT B AU Stenner, RD Strenge, DL Elder, MS AF Stenner, RD Strenge, DL Elder, MS BE Whelan, G TI Relative hazard and risk measure calculation methodology SO BROWNFIELDS: MULTIMEDIA MODELLING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Siena, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Siena, Univ Orleans, Ctr Brownfield Initiat AB The relative hazard (RH) and risk measure (RM) methodology and computer code is a health risk-based tool designed to allow managers and environmental decision makers the opportunity to readily consider human health risks (i.e., public and worker risks) in their screening-level analysis of alternative cleanup strategies. Environmental management decisions involve consideration of costs, schedules, regulatory requirements, health hazards, and risks. The RH-RM tool is a risk-based environmental management decision tool that allows managers the ability to predict and track health hazards and risks over time as they change in relation to mitigation and cleanup actions. Analysis of the hazards and risks associated with planned mitigation and cleanup actions provides a baseline against which alternative strategies can be compared. This new tool allows managers to explore "what if scenarios," to better understand the impact of alternative mitigation and cleanup actions (i.e., alternatives to the planned actions) on health hazards and risks. This new tool allows managers to screen alternatives on the basis of human health risk and compare the results with cost and other factors pertinent to the decision. Once an alternative or a narrow set of alternatives are selected, it will then be more cost-effective to perform the detailed risk analysis necessary for programmatic and regulatory acceptance of the selected alternative. The RH-RM code has been integrated into the PNNL developed Framework for Risk Analysis In Multimedia Environmental Systems (FRAMES) to allow the input and output data of the RH-RM code to be readily shared with the more comprehensive risk analysis models, such as the PNNL developed Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS) model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stenner, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-755-8 PY 2004 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBN75 UT WOS:000226303200003 ER PT B AU Thurman, DA Cowell, AJ Taira, RY Frodge, J AF Thurman, DA Cowell, AJ Taira, RY Frodge, J BE Whelan, G TI Designing a collaborative problem solving environment for integrated water resource modeling SO BROWNFIELDS: MULTIMEDIA MODELLING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites CY JUN 14-16, 2004 CL Siena, ITALY SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Siena, Univ Orleans, Ctr Brownfield Initiat DE integrated modelling; software architecture; requirements gathering; participatory design; stakeholder involvement; data transformation AB We report on our approach to designing a collaborative problem solving environment for hydrologists, water quality planners and natural resource managers, all roles within a natural resource management agency concerned with water resource management. We describe our approach in the context of the Integrated Water Resource Modeling System (IWRMS), under development for the Department of Natural Resources and Parks in King County, Washington. This system will integrate a collection of water resource models (watersheds, rivers, lakes, estuaries) to provide the ability to address water, land use, and other natural resource management decisions, with the goal of providing an integrated modeling capability to provide scientific support to decision makers to address future land use and resource management scenarios. We discuss the process used to ascertain the needs and interests of stakeholders and provide summaries from our experience. The results of this process guide user interface design efforts to create a collaborative problem solving environment supporting multiple users with differing scientific backgrounds and modeling needs. We conclude with a discussion of participatory interface design methods used to encourage stakeholder involvement and acceptance of the system as wen as the lessons learned to date. C1 US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Thurman, DA (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND BN 1-85312-755-8 PY 2004 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BBN75 UT WOS:000226303200010 ER PT J AU Warner, GF Opresko, DM AF Warner, GF Opresko, DM TI A new black coral (Anthozoa : Antipatharia) from a reef wall environment in Jamaica SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Anew species of antipatharian coral is described from Jamaica. Antipathes rubusiformis forms sprawling colonies, which spread sideways beneath overhangs on steep cliffs below 20 In depth. Colonies are attached by multiple holdfasts that develop at the tips of recurved branches where they contact the substratum. Branches are thin, often curved and set at wide angles; branching is irregular. Axial spines are triangular, compressed, and finely papillose on the upper third of their surface. The species resembles Antipathes lenta, Pourtales (187 1), from which it differs by having longer, papillose spines and less regular branching, and Antipathes umbratica Opresko (1996), which forms more robust colonies with a single holdfast and longer spines. C1 Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Warner, GF (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Ctr Marine Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. EM george.warner@uwimona.edu.jm NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 817EX UT WOS:000221161900013 ER PT J AU Bergeron, KD AF Bergeron, KD TI Nuclear weapons: The death of no-dual-use SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDUC FOUNDATION NUCLEAR SCI PI CHICAGO PA 6042 SOUTH KIMBARK, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0096-3402 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 60 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.2968/060001004 PG 3 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA 756UM UT WOS:000187502200013 ER PT J AU Marquette, GC Gray, JT Gosse, JC Courchesne, F Stockli, L Macpherson, G Finkel, R AF Marquette, GC Gray, JT Gosse, JC Courchesne, F Stockli, L Macpherson, G Finkel, R TI Felsenmeer persistence under non-erosive ice in the Torngat and Kaumajet mountains, Quebec and Labrador, as determined by soil weathering and cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; BAFFIN-ISLAND; NORTHERN LABRADOR; ARCTIC CANADA; CUMBERLAND PENINSULA; SAGLEK MORAINES; WESTERN NORWAY; RELATIVE AGE; SHEET; LANDSCAPE AB Soil analyses and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating are combined and a conceptual model proposed to explain altitudinal weathering contrasts in high-latitude highlands. We show that summits in the Torngat and Kaumajet mountains were covered by ice during the Last Glacial Maximum, and that their felsenmeer cover probably survived multiple glaciation events. For similar lithologies, soils on felsenmeer covered summits are signigicantly more weathered than those below the felsenmeer limit, displaying higher concentrations of crystalline iron, amorphous aluminium, and silicium extracted with oxalate. Secondary minerals such as gibbsite and kaolinite occur in felsenmeer soils, whereas those formed in till lacked these secondary minerals. Be-10 and Al-26 exposure ages for nine of ten samples, from high-elevation tors and autochthonous felsenmeer blocks, range from 73 +/- 6 to 157 +/- 15 ka. By contrast, ages of 11.4 +/- 1.0 and 11.7 +/- 1.0 ka are measured for bedrock in the much lower Saglek zone, indicating extensive (>3 m) glacial erosion of this zone during Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Al-26/Be-10 ratios demonstrate that exposure of the high-elevation surfaces was interrupted during at least one cosmic ray shielding event by either ice or till cover. In either case, Late Wisconsinan glaciers could not have extensively eroded these surfaces. Five erratics dated above the Saglek zone, including one in the felsenmeer zone, have exposure ages ranging from 11.6 +/- 1.0 to 13.6 +/- 0.7 ka. This indicates that valley and high-elevation ice persisted through the Younger Dryas Chron and provides further evidence that the highlands were not nunataks during the Late Wisconsinan period. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Halifax, NS B3J 3J5, Canada. Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gray, JT (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Geog, 520 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM grayj@geog.umontreal.ca RI Gosse, John/B-4934-2012 NR 91 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4077 J9 CAN J EARTH SCI JI Can. J. Earth Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 1 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1139/E03-072 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 775EN UT WOS:000189027900003 ER PT J AU Tuskan, GA Gunter, LE Yang, ZMK Yin, TM Sewell, MM DiFazio, SP AF Tuskan, GA Gunter, LE Yang, ZMK Yin, TM Sewell, MM DiFazio, SP TI Characterization of microsatellites revealed by genomic sequencing of Populus trichocarpa SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; COMPUTER PACKAGE; NIGRA L.; MARKERS; DNA; CONSTRUCTION; REPEATS; TREMULOIDES; CULTIVARS; TRAITS AB Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly polymorphic, codominant markers that have great value for the construction of genetic maps, comparative mapping, population genetic surveys, and paternity analyses. Here, we report the development and testing of a set of SSR markers derived from shotgun sequencing from Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray, a nonenriched genomic DNA library, and bacterial artificial chromosomes. Approximately 23% of the 1536 genomic clones and 48% of the 768 bacterial artificial chromosome subclones contained an SSR. Of the sequences containing an SSR, 72.4% contained a dinucleotide, 19.5% a trinucleotide, and 8.1% a tetranucleotide repeat unit; 26.6% of the sequences contained multiple SSR motifs in a complex or compound repeat structures. A survey of the genome sequence database revealed very similar proportional distribution, indicating that our limited rapid, shallow sequencing effort is representative of genome-wide patterns. In total, 492 primer pairs were designed and these yielded 77 markers that were mapped in an F-2 pedigree, including 26 that were sufficiently informative to be included in a Populus framework map. SSRs with GC-rich motifs mapped at a significantly higher frequency than expected, although AT-rich SSRs accounted for the majority of mapped markers due to their higher representation in the genome. SSR markers developed from P. trichocarpa showed high utility throughout the genus, with amplification rates in excess of 70% for all Populus species tested. Finally, at least 30% of the markers amplified in several willow species, suggesting that some of these SSRs will be transferable across genera. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuskan, GA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuskanga@ornl.gov RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 NR 36 TC 102 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1139/X03-283 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 775EP UT WOS:000189028000008 ER PT J AU Kercher, AK Nagle, DC AF Kercher, AK Nagle, DC TI AC electrical measurements support microstructure model for carbonization: a comment on 'Dielectric relaxation due to interfacial polarization for heat-treated wood' SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE charcoal; carbonization; electrical properties; dielectric properties ID CONDUCTIVITY C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21211 USA. RP Kercher, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Grp, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 4508 MS 6087, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kercherak@ornl.gov RI Nagle, Dennis/A-3310-2010; Kercher, Andrew/K-1147-2016 OI Kercher, Andrew/0000-0003-1784-5686 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 1 BP 219 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2003.10.037 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 760WZ UT WOS:000187859400028 ER PT J AU Howe, JY Jones, LE AF Howe, JY Jones, LE TI Influence of boron on structure and oxidation behavior of graphite fiber, P120 SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers; oxidation; doping ID CARBON-FIBER; SUBSTITUTIONAL BORON; MICROSTRUCTURE; KINETICS AB P120 fibers, derived from mesophase pitch, were substitutionally doped with boron in the concentration ranges of 200-4600 ppm. An oxidation study was carried out in dry air at 973, 1023, and 1073 K at 95 kPa. Boron is preferentially positioned into the less disordered core region and in the external surface area (skin) of the fiber. Upon oxidation these regions are preferentially protected. Oxidation rates decreased by a factor up to 3, varying with boron concentration, burn-off level and oxidation temperature. The activation energy of oxidation increased from 151 kJ/mol for heat-treated P120 fibers to 180 kJ/mol for fibers with 3300 ppm B, then decreased to 122 kJ/mol for fibers containing 4600 ppm of boron. The observed decrease in oxidation rate is directly attributed to the location and concentration of boron. Boron doping inhibits oxidation by blocking specific active sites. It is proposed that 1000 ppm B as a threshold concentration at which the electronic, chemical, and physical (structural) behavior could be modified. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Alfred Univ, Sch Ceram Engn & Mat Sci, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP Howe, JY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM howej@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 3 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2003.09.023 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 778BC UT WOS:000189218400001 ER PT J AU Li, ZJ Yan, WF Dai, S AF Li, ZJ Yan, WF Dai, S TI A novel vesicular carbon synthesized using amphiphilic carbonaceous material and micelle templating approach SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE non-graphitic carbon; hydrothermal treatment; electron microscopy; vesicular carbon; template synthesis; self-assembly ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SYNTHETIC MESOPHASE PITCH; OXIDATIVE STABILIZATION; CROSS-LINKING; NANOPARTICLES; CARBONIZATION; NANOCAPSULES; MECHANISM; BODIES; MATRIX AB A novel carbon with vesicular, hierarchical structure was synthesized via a direct, micelle templating strategy. This vesicular carbon exhibits a wormlike morphology, very thin shells (5-30 nm) and mesopores of 2-4 nm within the shell that are perpendicular to the walls of the carbon vesicles. The structure of this novel vesicular carbon was verified by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 767 EP 770 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.044 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 809LC UT WOS:000220637200010 ER PT J AU Frenklach, M Ping, J AF Frenklach, M Ping, J TI On the role of surface migration in the growth and structure of graphene layers SO CARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Carbon 2003 Conference CY JUL 06-10, 2003 CL Oviedo, SPAIN DE carbon black; molecular simulation; reaction kinetics ID SOOT FORMATION AB The principle of chemical similarity, postulating analogy of chemical reactions taking place on a graphene edge to those of aromatic species, has lead to the formulation of detailed reaction models for the growth of carbonaceous surfaces. While meeting a reasonable success, for instance in the areas of soot and carbon-black formation, such an analogy-based approach cannot be expected to provide a truly realistic description of surface processes. The primary cause of the possible dissimilarity is the difference in steric confinements of reactive sites. A recent quantum chemical study of possible reaction steps led to a proposed phenomenon of surface migration of five-member rings along an edge of a graphene layer. The migrating ring can either desorb or convert to a six-member ring upon an encounter with another six-member ring or a reaction with a gaseous species. All these processes-migration, desorption, and transformation reactions-are mediated by reactions with gaseous hydrogen atoms. The subject of the present communication is analysis of this coupled phenomenon. We will report the results of new Monte Carlo simulations that examine the interplay among surface migration, gas-surface reactions, desorption, and surface transformation reactions of the five-member rings, focusing on emergent morphologies of graphene layers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Engn Mech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frenklach, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Engn Mech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM myf@me.berkeley.edu NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1209 EP 1212 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.025 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 827UM UT WOS:000221926700002 ER PT J AU Lodewyckx, P Wood, GO Ryu, SK AF Lodewyckx, P Wood, GO Ryu, SK TI The Wheeler-Jonas equation: a versatile tool for the prediction of carbon bed breakthrough times SO CARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Carbon 2003 Conference CY JUL 06-10, 2003 CL Oviedo, SPAIN DE activated carbon; carbon fibers; adsorption properties; transport properties ID ACTIVATED CARBON; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ORGANIC VAPORS; GAS ADSORPTION; MODEL AB This paper gives an overview of the recent developments in the use of the Wheeler-Jonas equation. Extensive experimental work has been done by measuring breakthrough times of different types of activated carbon beds, under different experimental conditions, for a large variety of gases and vapours. This includes the use of activated carbon fibre beds, the presence of moisture on the carbon and in the air stream, non-constant flow patterns and adsorption of chemisorbed species. In all cases the applicability of the Wheeler-Jonas has been demonstrated, i.e. one can use this equation to extrapolate single laboratory breakthrough results by simply varying the independent variables of the equation (amount of adsorbent, flow rate, inlet and breakthrough concentrations). In most cases it is even possible to perform ab initio breakthrough calculations for a well-defined carbon bed. To achieve this new supporting equations had to be derived to allow the estimation of the dependent variables, W-c (the equilibrium adsorption capacity) and k(v) (the overall mass transfer coefficient), under different circumstances. In conclusion, the scope of the Wheeler-Jonas (or Reaction Kinetic) equation extends largely beyond its commonly accepted boundaries. This is primarily due to its apparent simplicity: the combination of a single capacity term and an overall kinetic effect strongly enhances its applicability to different adsorption circumstances. In this way it is far more potent than many of the more modern equations that require the exact knowledge of several, not readily available, input parameters. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Mil Acad, Dept Chem, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP Lodewyckx, P (reprint author), Royal Mil Acad, Dept Chem, Renaissancelaan 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM peter.lodewyckx@rma.ac.be NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1351 EP 1355 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.016 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 827UM UT WOS:000221926700025 ER PT J AU Klett, JW McMillan, AD Gallego, NC Burchell, TD Walls, CA AF Klett, JW McMillan, AD Gallego, NC Burchell, TD Walls, CA TI Effects of heat treatment conditions on the thermal properties of mesophase pitch-derived graphitic foams SO CARBON LA English DT Letter DE mesophase pitch; porous carbon; heat treatment; thermal conductivity C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klett, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM klettjw@ornl.gov RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017; Klett, James/E-6860-2017; OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192; Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649; Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 10 TC 49 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8-9 BP 1849 EP 1852 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.057 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 828BP UT WOS:000221948000055 ER PT J AU Jiang, MX Lackey, WJ More, K AF Jiang, MX Lackey, WJ More, K TI Liquid reagent CVD of carbon. I. Processing and microstructure SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE pyrolytic carbon; chemical vapor deposition; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; microstructure ID DEPOSITION; PURE AB The processing and microstructure of carbon coatings deposited using liquid reagent CVD were studied. High density pyrolytic carbon coatings were successfully deposited on graphite and molybdenum substrates from benzene and cyclohexane precursors. Very high deposition rates were obtained. Examination via transmission electron microscopy showed that the deposits were of the desired turbostratic nodular structure with low texture. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lackey, WJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, MARC Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jack.lackey@me.gatech.edu RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1895 EP 1900 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.01.072 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 840VS UT WOS:000222888600001 ER PT J AU Klie, RF Ciuparu, D Pfefferle, L Zhu, Y AF Klie, RF Ciuparu, D Pfefferle, L Zhu, Y TI Multi-walled carbon nanotubes on amorphous carbon films SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; transmission electron microscopy ID BORON; CONTAMINANTS AB Nanotubular structures composed of layered graphite sheets or other layered materials have been studied intensely by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In this paper, we will show how graphite structures, that are inherent to the production process of the amorphous carbon support films, used for both SEM and TEM studies can be easily mistaken for the actual sample structures. We will further report that these artifacts appear in both commercial as well as homemade holey carbon support films on copper grids, and suggest that to successfully study the "real" nanotubular structures only support films made from materials other than carbon should be used. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Klie, RF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, 76 Cornell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM klie@bnl.gov RI Ciuparu, Dragos/A-5594-2008 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1953 EP 1957 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.029 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 840VS UT WOS:000222888600009 ER PT J AU Qian, J Pantea, C Huang, J Zerda, TW Zhao, Y AF Qian, J Pantea, C Huang, J Zerda, TW Zhao, Y TI Graphitization of diamond powders of different sizes at high pressure-high temperature SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE diamond; graphitization; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; activation energy ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GRAPHITE; EQUILIBRIUM; CRYSTALS; SURFACE AB Diamond powders of different sizes ranging from 5 nm to 40 mum were heat treated at temperatures between 973 and 1673 K, at high pressures from 2 to 8 GPa. Elevated temperatures accelerate diamond to graphite phase transition and we studied this process by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectra and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. Increasing activation energy was obtained for diamond powders of increasing sizes, and the critical pressure of the diamond to graphite phase transition decreased. Onion-like carbon was obtained after the graphitization of nano and sub-micron diamond, and attributed to closure of graphite shells. Microcrystalline graphite was formed after graphitization of micron size diamond, mainly due to the good crystallinity of the micron diamond precursor. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Qian, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, MS-H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jiangq@lanl.gov RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 19 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12-13 BP 2691 EP 2697 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.017 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 852KC UT WOS:000223753200042 ER PT J AU Kang, Z Johnson, R Mi, J Bondi, S Jiang, M Gillespie, J Lackey, WJ Stock, S More, K AF Kang, Z Johnson, R Mi, J Bondi, S Jiang, M Gillespie, J Lackey, WJ Stock, S More, K TI Microstructure of carbon fibers prepared laser CVD SO CARBON LA English DT Article DE carbon fibers, pyrolytic carbon; chemical vapor deposition, laser irradiation; microstructure ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PYROLYTIC CARBON; PHASE; LCVD AB A layered plate-like microstructure was observed parallel to the deposition surface in carbon fibers prepared by laser CVD from methane at pressures lower than 1 atm. Periodic cracks existed in the fibers parallel to the layers. Cracking was likely caused by thermally induced stress, and by weak bonds between layers. In fibers deposited at higher temperatures, the volcano effect was observed. A striped structure composed of loosely piled graphitic plates was observed along the axial direction in the center part of the fibers. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lackey, WJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12-13 BP 2721 EP 2727 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.008 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 852KC UT WOS:000223753200045 ER PT S AU Fujita, E Hayashi, Y Kita, S Brunschwig, BS AF Fujita, E Hayashi, Y Kita, S Brunschwig, BS BE Park, SE Chang, JS Lee, KW TI Spectroscopic characterization of intermediates in CO2 reduction with rhenium photocatalysts SO CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION FOR GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY SE STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Carbon Dioxide Reduct & Sequestrat R&D Ctr, Minist Sci & Technol Korea, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, New Energy & Ind Technol Dev Org Japan ID THIN POLYMERIC FILMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; EXCITED-STATE; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS; ONE-ELECTRON; COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; DERIVATIVES C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fujita, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2991 BN 0-444-51600-X J9 STUD SURF SCI CATAL PY 2004 VL 153 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BBR67 UT WOS:000227465700052 ER PT S AU Wang, XY Lee, BI Hu, M Payzant, EA Blom, DA AF Wang, XY Lee, BI Hu, M Payzant, EA Blom, DA BE DeGuire, MR Hu, MZ Gogotsi, Y Lu, SW TI Ambient condition synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 SO CERAMIC NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY II SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology held at the 105th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 27-30, 2003 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc, ACS Basic Sci Div ID BARIUM-TITANATE POWDERS; AQUEOUS SYNTHESIS LTAS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TETRAGONAL BATIO3; FINE POWDERS; TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; CERAMIC POWDERS; MONOLITHIC GELS; LTDS METHOD AB Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 particles have been prepared by the ambient condition sol (ACS) process that involves chemical precipitation of a titania gel and heated reflux processing of the gel in a Ba2+ containing solution. Among the processing variables, higher initial pH and Ba/Ti molar ratio led to smaller crystallite size of BaTiO3 powders. The morphology of the BaTiO3 powders was affected by the anion groups in the precursor species. Organic mineralizer, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), can adsorb on the BaTiO3 nuclei and further inhibit particle growth. Addition of a polymer dispersant during BaTiO3 synthesis led to a smaller particle size and increased redispersibility of the particles in water. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Hu, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-203-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2004 VL 148 BP 21 EP 37 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BY79G UT WOS:000189464300003 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Chen, N Routbort, JL AF Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC Chen, N Routbort, JL TI Joining advanced ceramics by plastic flow SO CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Asian Meeting on Electroceramics (AMEC-3) CY DEC 07-11, 2003 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Japanese Ceram Sco, Chinese Ceram Soc, Korean Ceram Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, Elect Div, IEEE UFFC, Lee Fdn, Tan Fdn, Singapore Def Sci Org Natl Labs, LMS Technologies Pte Ltd, Chief Up Int Co, Kanthal Electroheat Pte Ltd, Zogo Photon Pte Ltd DE joining; microstructure-final; electrical properties; mechanical properties ID ALUMINA CERAMICS; DEFORMATION; INTERLAYER AB Al2O3/Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) and La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 ceramics were joined by plastic deformation at 1200-1350 degreesC. Pieces were joined directly to each other or with an interlayer. For some of the Al2O3/YSZ specimens, the interlayer was applied by spraying of powders entrained in an organic vehicle. All final joints were as dense as the host ceramics and generally featured finer grain sizes. When dissimilar compositions were joined, thermal residual stresses were generated. Choice of composition could tailor these stresses and produce joints that were as strong as the surrounding ceramics. Strength of the Al2O3/YSZ joints and the electrical resistivity of a joint in La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 were as good as those of the host ceramics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Routbort, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM routbort@anl.gov RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-8842 J9 CERAM INT JI Ceram. Int. PY 2004 VL 30 IS 7 SI SI BP 1945 EP 1948 DI 10.1016/j.ceramint.2003.12.188 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 858CR UT WOS:000224168300176 ER PT J AU Anghel, M AF Anghel, M TI On the effective dimension and dynamic complexity of earthquake faults SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; CHAOTIC DYNAMICS; PREDICTABILITY; SYSTEMS; MODELS; SLIP AB We measure the effective dimensionality of a driven, dissipative fault model as its dynamics explore a wide parameter range from a crack like model to a dislocation model. The dynamics of each fault model are probed by recording (a) the first and second order moments of the stresses and slips defined in the fault plane, and (b) the surface deformations that indirectly reflect the brittle processes of the fault and which are observable by InSAR and GPS techniques. In order to study the asymptotic attractors of the model we identify the coherent structures (dominant modes) present in the surface deformation fields and project the model dynamics onto the principal directions defined by these coherent structures. The projection is based on the Karhunen-Loeve procedure for the determination of an optimal set of basis functions based on second order statistics. We estimate the effective dimensionality of the dynamics by computing the number of modes needed to capture a certain fraction of the statistical variation of the surface deformation fields. We detect a sharp transition in the number of effective degrees of freedom as we vary the dynamic weakening toward larger and dynamically more significant values. This transition is also associated with a separation of the dynamics in slow and fast degrees of freedom and with the presence of multiple length and time scales in the dynamics. This conclusion is also supported by direct dimension estimates using the correlation dimension. We finally compute the significance of evidence for nonlinearity using the method of surrogate data on the correlation dimension statistics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anghel, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Algorithms & Informat Grp, POB 1663,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD JAN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 399 EP 420 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(03)00052-3 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 726BE UT WOS:000185577400016 ER PT S AU Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, S Chyba, T Ponsardin, P AF Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, S Chyba, T Ponsardin, P BE Sedlacek, AJ Cjristesen, SD Colton, R VoDinh, T TI Application of UV-Raman spectroscopy to the detection of chemical and biological threats SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE ID LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; STAND-OFF; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; IDENTIFICATION; LIDAR AB Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center (ECBC) and ITT Industries Advanced Engineering and Sciences Division (AES) have been collaborating on the transitioning and subsequent development of a short-range, non-contact Raman lidar system specifically designed to detect and identify chemical agents on the battlefield. [The instrument, referred to as LISA (Laser Interrogation of Surface Agents), will the subject of an accompanying paper.] As part of this collaboration, BNL has the responsibility for developing a spectral database (library) of surrogates and precursors for use with LISA's pattern recognition algorithms. In this paper, the authors discuss the phenomenon of UV Raman and resonance-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, the development of an instrument-independent Raman spectral library, and highlight the exploitable characteristics present in the acquired spectral signatures that suggest potential utility in our country's efforts on Homeland Security. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sedlacek, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5158-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5269 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1117/12.519165 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BY85V UT WOS:000189480000004 ER PT S AU Grace, KM Goeller, RM Grace, WK Kolar, JD Morrison, LJ Sweet, MR Wiig, LG Reed, SM Lauer, SA Little, KM Bustos, GL Anderson, AS Swanson, BI AF Grace, KM Goeller, RM Grace, WK Kolar, JD Morrison, LJ Sweet, MR Wiig, LG Reed, SM Lauer, SA Little, KM Bustos, GL Anderson, AS Swanson, BI BE Sedlacek, AJ Cjristesen, SD Colton, R VoDinh, T TI Reagentless optical biosensor SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE biosensors; planar optical waveguide; and fluorescence resonant energy transfer ID MULTIVALENT INTERACTIONS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PROTEIN TOXINS AB Critical to our ability to respond effectively to a biothreat attack is the development of sensitive and specific sensor systems that can easily be used for rapid screening of potential victims for infection due to biothreat agents and detection of pathogens in the environment. To help address these needs, we have developed a Reagentless Optical Biosensor (ROB) based on protein specific assays and waveguide-based evanescent fluorescence excitation. Modeled on host pathogen interactions, the sensor's membrane based assay provides rapid, sensitive detection without the addition of reagents. We report here the development of two waveguide based detection systems: a laboratory sensor test-bed system and a handheld, battery operated, prototype. Evanescent fluorescence excitation using planar optical waveguides provides spatial filtering of background auto-fluorescence found in many natural samples, thereby permitting direct analysis of complex environmental and medical samples. The waveguide based assay is fully self-contained in a small, exchangeable cartridge that is optically coupled to the sensor detection system making ROB simple to use and offering the possibility of inexpensive, disposable sensor elements. Using assays for cholera toxin we compare results using flourimetry of vesicle solutions against results for our waveguide based test-bed and prototype sensor systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grace, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5158-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5269 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.516372 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BY85V UT WOS:000189480000007 ER PT S AU Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Sharpe, SW AF Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Sharpe, SW BE Sedlacek, AJ Cjristesen, SD Colton, R VoDinh, T TI The PNNL quantitative infrared database for gas-phase sensing: A spectral library for environmental, hazmat and public safety standoff detection SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE spectral library; database; infrared; quantitative; FTIR; vapor-phase ID FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETRY; RESOLUTION; AIR AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) continues to expand its library of quantitative infrared reference spectra for remote sensing. The gas-phase data are recorded at 0.1 cm(-1) resolution, with nitrogen pressure broadening to one atmosphere to emulate spectra recorded in the field. It is planned that the PNNL library will consist of approximately 500 vapor-phase spectra associated with the U.S. Department of Energy's environmental, energy, and public safety missions. At present, the database is comprised of approximately 300 infrared spectra, many of which represent highly reactive or toxic species. For the 298 K data, each reported spectrum is in fact a composite spectrum generated by a Beer's law plot (at each wavelength) to typically 12 measured spectra. Recent additions to the database include the vapors of several semi-volatile and non-volatile liquids using an improved dissemination technique for vaporizing the liquid into the nitrogen carrier gas. Experimental and analytical methods are used to remove several known and new artifacts associated with FTIR gas-phase spectroscopy. Details concerning sample preparation and composite spectrum generation are discussed. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5158-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5269 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1117/12.515604 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BY85V UT WOS:000189480000019 ER PT S AU Foster, NS Valentine, NB Thompson, SE Johnson, TJ Amonette, JE AF Foster, NS Valentine, NB Thompson, SE Johnson, TJ Amonette, JE BE Sedlacek, AJ Cjristesen, SD Colton, R VoDinh, T TI FTIR transmission and photoacoustic spectroscopy for the statistical identification of bacteria SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 29-30, 2003 CL Providence, RI SP SPIE DE FTIR; photoacoustic; spectroscopy; chemometrics; bacteria; spores; Bacillus; Escherichia; Pseudomonas ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; IR SPECTROSCOPY; BACILLUS-CEREUS; PCR AB We have previously reported a combined mid-infrared spectroscopic/statistical modeling approach for the discrimination and identification, at the strain level, of both sporulated and vegetative bacteria. This paper reports on the expansion of the reference spectral library: transmissive Fourier-transform mid-infrared (trans-FTIR) spectra were obtained for three Escherichia bacterial strains (E. coli RZ1032 ATCC 39737, E. coli W3110 ATCC 27325, and E. coli HB101 ATCC 33694), and two Pseudomonas putida bacterial strains (P. putida 0301 and P. putida ATCC 39169). These were combined with the previous spectral data of five Bacillus bacterial strains (B. atrophaeus ATCC 49337, B. globigii Dugway, B. thuringiensis spp. kurstaki ATCC 35866, B. subtilis ATCC 49760, and B. subtilis ATCC 6051) to form an extended library. The previously developed four-step statistical model for the identification of bacteria (using the expanded library) was subsequently used on blind samples including other bacteria as well as non-biological materials. The results from the trans-FTIR spectroscopy experiments are discussed and compared to results obtained using photoacoustic Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (PA-FTIR). The advantages, disadvantages, and preliminary detection limits for each technique are discussed. Both methods yield promising results for identification of unknown bacteria, including bacterial spores, in a matter of minutes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Foster, NS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5158-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5269 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.519199 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BY85V UT WOS:000189480000021 ER PT S AU Windisch, CF Shin, Y Exarhos, GJ AF Windisch, CF Shin, Y Exarhos, GJ BE Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, SD VoDinh, T Combs, RJ TI In-situ Raman probe for chemical agents using ultraporous substrates SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc DE Raman spectroscopy; SERS; chemical agents; sensors; adsorption ID HIERARCHICALLY ORDERED CERAMICS; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; ADSORPTION AB As part of an effort to develop a portable probe for real-time detection of chemical agents using Raman spectroscopy, the kinetics of adsorption of selected volatile organic molecules on high surface area silica supports was studied using Raman spectroscopy with 785-nm excitation. Two aspects of this work are described. First, the affinity of organic molecules in a flowing gas stream to ultraporous mineralized wood substrates was shown to be very high under a variety of representative conditions, suggesting that a sensor based on in-situ Raman measurement of adsorption rates may be feasible. Moreover, the mechanism of adsorption was found to vary for different molecules thereby promoting a high degree of chemical specificity. Second, the possibility of using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to enhance Raman signals and thereby improve the sensitivity of an in-situ Raman probe even further was demonstrated. Detection limits were estimated based on the current state of development of the approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5538-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5585 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.572006 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBM94 UT WOS:000226251900010 ER PT S AU Valentine, NB Johnson, TJ Sharpe, SW AF Valentine, NB Johnson, TJ Sharpe, SW BE Sedlacek, AJ Christesen, SD VoDinh, T Combs, RJ TI On the relative strengths of Bacillus spore signatures in the terahertz (THz) versus the mid-infrared SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POINT SENSORS FOR HOMELAND DEFENSE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Chemical and Biological Point Sensors for Homeland Defense CY OCT 26-27, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, IEICE, Commun Soc, IEICE, Elect Soc ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; BACTERIA AB We have recently extended our studies of the infrared signatures of Bacillus bacterial spores from the mid-infrared to the far-infrared (sometimes called the terahertz, THz) spectral domain. The ultimate goal is to use such signatures to distinguish different strains of spores from unknowns as well as from one another. Five different strains of Bacillus were prepared by culturing the spores, washing repeatedly in sterile water and drying them onto windows that are simultaneously transparent in both the mid- and far-infrared. The strains include B. globigii BG-01, B. thuringiensis subsp kurstaki ATCC 35866, B. subtilis ATCC 49760, B. subtilis ATCC 605 1, and B. atrophaeus ATCC 49337. Using different combinations of hardware in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, essentially continuous spectral coverage was obtained from similar to8 to 6,000 cm(-1). Preliminary results indicate that any THz signatures are at least 25 times weaker (based on p-p noise) than the strongest mid-IR amide I bands near 1657 cm(-1). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Valentine, NB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5538-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5585 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.570039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BBM94 UT WOS:000226251900015 ER PT S AU Oldenborg, R Tiee, J Shimada, T Wilson, C Remelius, D Fox, J Swim, C AF Oldenborg, R Tiee, J Shimada, T Wilson, C Remelius, D Fox, J Swim, C BE Gardner, PJ TI Heterodyne lidar for chemical sensing SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing V CY APR 12-13, 2004 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The overall objective is to assess the detection performance of LWIR (long wavelength infrared) coherent Lidar systems that potentially possess enhanced effluent detection capabilities. Previous work conducted by Los Alamos has demonstrated that infrared DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is capable of detecting chemicals in plumes from long standoff ranges. Our DIAL approach relied on the reflectivity of topographical targets to provide a strong return signal. With the inherent advantage of applying heterodyne transceivers to approach single-photon detection in LWIR, it is projected that marked improvements in detection range or in spatial coverage can be attained. In some cases, the added photon detection sensitivity could be utilized for sensing "soft targets", such as atmospheric and threat aerosols where return signal strength is drastically reduced, as opposed to topographical targets. This would allow range resolved measurements and could lead to the mitigation of the limiting source of noise due to spectral/spatial/temporal variability of the ground scene. The ability to distinguish normal variations in the background from true chemical signatures is crucial to the further development of sensitive remote chemical sensing technologies. One main difficulty in demonstrating coherent DIAL detection is the development of suitable heterodyne transceivers that can achieve rapid multi-wavelength tuning required for obtaining spectral signature information. LANL has recently devised a novel multi-wavelength heterodyne transceiver concept that addresses this issue. A 5-KHz prototype coherent CO2 transceiver has been constructed and is being now used to help address important issues in remote CBW agent standoff detection. Laboratory measurements of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) will be reported. Since the heterodyne detection scheme fundamentally has poor shot-to-shot signal statistics, in order to achieve sensitive detection limits, favorable averaging statistics have to be validated. The baseline coherent DIAL detection sensitivity that can be achieved averaging multiple laser pulses and by comparisons of different wavelengths will be demonstrated. Factors that are presently limiting performance and attempts to circumvent these issues will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oldenborg, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5339-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5416 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.541425 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BAW93 UT WOS:000223995100020 ER PT S AU Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sams, RL AF Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sams, RL BE Jensen, JO Theriault, JM TI A quantitative infrared spectral library of vapor phase chemicals: Applications to environmental monitoring and homeland defense SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STANDOFF DETECTION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection II CY OCT 27-28, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA DE infrared; spectroscopy; reference data AB The utility of infrared spectroscopy for monitoring and early warning of accidental or deliberate chemical releases to the atmosphere is well documented. Regardless of the monitoring technique (open-path or extractive) or weather the spectrometer is passive or active (Fourier transform or lidar) a high quality, quantitative reference library is essential for meaningful interpretation of the data. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory through the support of the Department of Energy has been building a library of pure, vapor phase chemical species for the last 4 years. This infrared spectral library currently contains over 300 chemicals and is expected to grow to over 400 chemicals before completion. The library spectra are based on a statistical fit to many spectra at different concentrations, allowing for rigorous error analysis. The contents of the library are focused on atmospheric pollutants, naturally occurring chemicals, toxic industrial chemicals and chemicals specifically designed to do damage. Applications, limitations and technical details of the spectral library will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5537-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5584 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.578275 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Remote Sensing SC Chemistry; Remote Sensing GA BBN16 UT WOS:000226254200010 ER PT J AU Seeber, G Kogerler, P Kariuki, BM Cronin, L AF Seeber, G Kogerler, P Kariuki, BM Cronin, L TI Supramolecular assembly of ligand-directed triangular {(Cu3Cl)-Cl-II} clusters with spin frustration and spin-chain behaviour SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; TRINUCLEAR; EXCHANGE; CORE AB Triangular {(Cu3Cl)-Cl-II} clusters, containing a chloro ligand in an unprecedented trigonal planar coordination mode, are assembled in a 3-D array by the combination of coordinative and hydrogen-bonded interactions, which result in magnetically isolated 1-D chains exhibiting a combination of spin frustration and spin-chain behaviour. C1 Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Cronin, L (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM L.Cronin@chem.gla.ac.uk RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; Kariuki, Benson/E-3469-2017 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Kariuki, Benson/0000-0002-8658-3897 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 14 BP 1580 EP 1581 DI 10.1039/b402487g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845KJ UT WOS:000223241000004 PM 15263927 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Formation of CdSe nanocrystals onto oxidized, ozonized single-walled carbon nanotube surfaces SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB We present the in situ formation of crystalline CdSe quantum dots on the surfaces of oxidized, ozonized single-walled carbon nanotubes, which is a rational synthetic route to the synthesis of complex hierarchical assemblies. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 17 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 16 BP 1866 EP 1867 DI 10.1039/b404204b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845KM UT WOS:000223241300041 PM 15306923 ER PT J AU Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Yan, WF Chen, B Mahurin, SM Dai, S Overbury, SH TI Brookite-supported highly stable gold catalytic system for CO oxidation SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; AU CATALYSTS; TIO2; AU/TIO2; ADSORPTION; CLUSTERS; RUTILE; H-2 AB A significant enhancement of the gold catalysis stability against sintering has been achieved using brookite as a catalytic support. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 23 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 17 BP 1918 EP 1919 DI 10.1039/b405434b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 850VI UT WOS:000223642100013 PM 15340600 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Shanklin, J Vilker, V AF Reipa, V Shanklin, J Vilker, V TI Substrate binding and the presence of ferredoxin affect the redox properties of the soluble plant Delta(9)-18 : 0-acyl carrier protein desaturase SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; HYDROXYLASE COMPONENT; INTERMEDIATE; REACTIVITY AB Substrate- free Delta(9)-18:0-acyl carrier protein desaturase (abbreviated to Des) [E.C. #1.14.99.6] was 2-electron reduced with E'(0)=-0.03+-0.01 V; the presence of spinach ferredoxin (SpFd) induces an additional 1-electron reduction wave at E'(0)=-0.21+-0.02 V, which shifts by 0.106 V upon substrate binding. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov; shanklin@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 21 BP 2406 EP 2407 DI 10.1039/b409595b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 866EC UT WOS:000224755600017 PM 15514788 ER PT J AU Montano, GA Dattelbaum, AM Wang, HL Shreve, AP AF Montano, GA Dattelbaum, AM Wang, HL Shreve, AP TI Enhanced photoluminescence from poly(phenylene vinylene): dendrimer polyelectrolyte assemblies in solution SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMER; CHEMICAL SENSORS; FLUORESCENCE; COMPLEXES AB Poly(2,5-methoxy-propyloxy sulfonate phenylene vinylene) (MPS-PPV) and DAB-Am-16, a generation 3.0 polypropylenimine hexadecamine dendrimer (DAB), are shown to form a tunable photoresponsive polyelectrolyte assembly in aqueous solution with an enhanced emission signal of up to 18-times that of MPS-PPV alone. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shreve, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM shreve@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 21 BP 2490 EP 2491 DI 10.1039/b401682c PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 866EC UT WOS:000224755600059 PM 15514830 ER PT J AU Ji, HF Feng, Y Xu, XH Purushotham, V Thundat, T Brown, GM AF Ji, HF Feng, Y Xu, XH Purushotham, V Thundat, T Brown, GM TI Photon-driven nanomechanical cyclic motion SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; CANTILEVERS; MONOLAYERS; SENSOR AB Microcantilevers modified by a monolayer of azobenzene molecules bend up and down periodically, switched by a 365 nm UV light, as a result of the conversion of the two configurations of azobenzene molecules in the monolayer. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM hji@chem.latech.edu NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 22 BP 2532 EP 2533 DI 10.1039/b408997a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 874UH UT WOS:000225375100005 PM 15543265 ER PT J AU Park, TJ Mao, YB Wong, SS AF Park, TJ Mao, YB Wong, SS TI Synthesis and characterization of multiferroic BiFeO3 nanotubes SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GEL TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANORODS; CRYSTAL; SYSTEM AB Multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanotubes have been synthesized using a modified template methodology and characterized by a number of techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM as well as EDX and SAED. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Mao, Yuanbing/D-5580-2009 NR 22 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 58 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2004 IS 23 BP 2708 EP 2709 DI 10.1039/b409988e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 874VA UT WOS:000225377100030 PM 15568078 ER PT J AU Sarnobat, SU Rajput, S Bruns, DD DePaoli, DW Daw, CS Nguyen, K AF Sarnobat, SU Rajput, S Bruns, DD DePaoli, DW Daw, CS Nguyen, K TI The impact of external electrostatic fields on gas-liquid bubbling dynamics SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multiphase flow; nonlinear dynamics; bubble formation; separations; electrostatic spraying ID NONUNIFORM ELECTRIC-FIELD; NONCONDUCTIVE FLUIDS; INSULATING LIQUIDS; CONDUCTIVE FLUIDS; DISPERSION; AIR; PRESSURE; SYSTEMS; COLUMN; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of an applied electric potential on the dynamics of gas bubble formation from a single nozzle in glycerol was studied experimentally. Dry nitrogen was bubbled into glycerol through a nozzle having an electrified tip while pressure measurements were made upstream of the nozzle. As the applied electric potential was increased from zero, bubble size reduced, bubble shape became more spherical, and bubbling frequency increased. At constant gas flow, bubble-formation exhibited a classic period-doubling route to chaos with increasing potential. We defined an electric Bond number assuming that both the liquid and gas phases are conducting. This is in contrast to previous studies where one phase was considered a perfect conductor and the other one a perfect nonconductor or insulator. Although electric potential and gas flow appear to have similar effects on the period-doubling bifurcation process for this system, the relative impact of electrostatic forces, as measured in terms of electric Bond number for conducting liquid and gas phases, is smaller. However, the relative impact of electrostatic forces for the case of insulating liquid and conducting gas phases is comparable to flow forces. Further data collection is required for different nozzle geometries and liquid column heights in order to verify the relative impacts of electrostatic and flow forces, and would allow us to ascertain if electrostatic potential is a feasible manipulated variable for controlling this system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bruns, DD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 436 Dougherty Engr Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dbruns@utk.edu NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2003.09.001 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 763UP UT WOS:000188119100022 ER PT J AU Hanson, BL Alexander, C Harp, JM Bunick, GJ AF Hanson, BL Alexander, C Harp, JM Bunick, GJ TI Preparation and crystallization of nucleosome core particle SO CHROMATIN AND CHROMATIN REMODELING ENZYMES, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DEFINED-SEQUENCE DNA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE; CRYSTALS C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Struct Biol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Hanson, BL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010 OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-29818] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2004 VL 375 BP 44 EP 62 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BY51R UT WOS:000189397900003 PM 14870658 ER PT J AU Felinger, A Guiochon, G AF Felinger, A Guiochon, G TI Comparison of the kinetic models of linear chromatography SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Siofok, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Soc Separat Sci DE linear chromatography; kinetic models ID PARAMETERS AB Chromatography is usually described by either kinetic or equilibrium models. In this study we review the three main kinetic models which, in order of decreasing complexity, are the general rate model, the lumped pore model, and the lumped kinetic model. We show the equivalence of these models. Their solutions are calculated and compared in the Laplace domain. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Veszprem, Dept Analyt Chem, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Felinger, Attila/A-1595-2008 OI Felinger, Attila/0000-0001-7130-1968 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PY 2004 VL 60 SU S BP S175 EP S180 DI 10.1365/s10337-004-0288-7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 857YI UT WOS:000224155700026 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Felinger, A Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Felinger, A Guiochon, G TI Properties of the adsorption equilibrium isotherms used and measured in RPLC SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Siofok, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Soc Separat Sci DE column liquid chromatography; frontal analysis; adsorption equilibrium; Langmuir isotherms; monolithic columns ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OVERLOADED ELUTION PROFILES; BAND PROFILES; RETENTION DATA; COMPETITIVE ISOTHERM; MONOLITHIC COLUMNS; POROUS CARBON; KROMASIL C-18; REPRODUCIBILITY; REPEATABILITY AB The variety of isotherm models needed to account for the high-concentration adsorption behavior of small molecular weight compounds is surprisingly rich. For the sake of convenience, isotherms are divided into groups depending first on the sign of their curvature at very low concentrations and then on the number of their inflection points. Conventional models are easily found in this arrangement. The methods of determination of isotherms are also divided into two groups, those that give adsorption data points and those that allow only the derivation of best estimates of the coefficients of a preselected model. Finally, examples are given of the wide diversity of isotherm behavior found in RPLC and of the surprisingly large influence of the mobile phase composition on the isotherm parameters. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Veszprem, Dept Analyt Chem, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Felinger, Attila/A-1595-2008 OI Felinger, Attila/0000-0001-7130-1968 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PY 2004 VL 60 SU S BP S3 EP S12 DI 10.1365/s10337-004-0273-1 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 857YI UT WOS:000224155700002 ER PT S AU Johann, DJ McGuigan, MD Patel, AR Tomov, S Ross, S Conrads, TP Veenstra, TD Fishman, DA Whiteley, GR Petricoin, EF Liotta, LA AF Johann, DJ McGuigan, MD Patel, AR Tomov, S Ross, S Conrads, TP Veenstra, TD Fishman, DA Whiteley, GR Petricoin, EF Liotta, LA BE Hoon, DSB Taback, B TI Clinical proteomics and biomarker discovery SO CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS IN PLASMA/SERUM III AND SERUM PROTEOMICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma/Serum (CNAPS III) and Serum Proteomics CY NOV 09-12, 2003 CL Santa Monica, CA SP John Wayne Canc Inst, Dept Mol Oncol DE proteomics; bioinformatics; mass spectroscopy ID PROSTATE-CANCER; SERUM; PATTERNS AB Early detection of disease generally provides much-improved outcomes by a definitive medical procedure or through lifestyle modification along with specific medical management strategies. For serum biomarkers, which are central to the diagnosis of many diseases, to become truly useful sentinels of pathogenesis, their sensitivity and specificity in both early detection and recurrence monitoring must be improved. Currently, the detection and monitoring of disease markers is based on solitary proteins, and this approach is not always reliable. New classes of biomarkers derived from mass spectroscopy analysis of the low molecular weight proteome have shown improved abilities in the early detection of disease and hence in patient risk stratification and outcome. The development of a modular platform technology with sufficient flexibility and design abstractions allowing for concurrent experimentation, test, and refinement will help speed the progress of mass spectroscopy-derived proteomic pattern-based diagnostics from the scientific laboratory to the medical clinic. For acceptance by scientists, physicians, and regulatory personnel, new bioinformatic tools are essential system components for data management, analysis, and intuitive display of these new and complex data. Clinically engineered mass spectroscopy systems are essential for the further development and validation of multiplexed biomarkers that have shown tremendous promise for the early detection of disease. C1 NCI, NIH, Pathol Lab,Ctr Canc Res, FDA Clin Proteom Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Informat Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NCI, NIH,Summer Student Program, Pathol Lab, FDA Clin Proteom Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, Natl Canc Inst, Biomed Proteom Program, Analyt Chem Lab,Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Natl Ovarian Canc Early Detect Program, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. SAIC Frederick, NCI, FDA Clin Proteom Program, Clin Proteom Reference Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NCI, FDA Clin Proteom Program, Off Director, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Johann, DJ (reprint author), NCI, NIH, Pathol Lab,Ctr Canc Res, FDA Clin Proteom Program, 8800 Rockville Pike,Bldg 29A,Room 2A21, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM johannd@mail.nih.gov NR 17 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-551-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2004 VL 1022 BP 295 EP 305 DI 10.1196/annals.1318.045 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAN78 UT WOS:000223005300044 PM 15251975 ER PT J AU Malshe, A Deshpande, D Stach, E Rajurkar, K Alexander, D AF Malshe, A Deshpande, D Stach, E Rajurkar, K Alexander, D TI Investigation of femtosecond laser-assisted micromachining of lithium niobate SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser micro machining; single crystal; surface ID ABLATION; SILICON AB Lithium Niobate has a potential for applications in electronics and communication industries due to its unique electro-optical, piezoelectric and nonlinear properties. Femtosecond laser machining offers the best alternative to machine the mechanically fragile and optically delicate lithium niobate crystal. This paper reports a study of the effect of femtosecond laser machining on the surface integrity of lithium niobate. The transmission electron microscopy reveals a 100nm thin amorphous region and a void. The chemical analysis shows a loss of lithium and oxygen from the surface and sub-surface. Optical illumination facilitates the selective readout of the written spots of 2 microns size. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Engn Mech, Fayetteville, AR USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Malshe, A (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Engn Mech, Fayetteville, AR USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU TECHNISCHE RUNDSCHAU EDITION COLIBRI LTD PI BERN PA NORDRING 4, CH-3001 BERN, SWITZERLAND J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2004 VL 53 IS 1 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60675-1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 835XV UT WOS:000222519700045 ER PT J AU Hannachi, A Stephenson, DB Sperber, KR AF Hannachi, A Stephenson, DB Sperber, KR TI Probability-based methods for quantifying nonlinearity in the ENSO (vol 20, pg 241, 2003) SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Prorgam Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hannachi, A (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Earley Gate POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM A.Hannachi@reading.ac.uk RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s00382-003-0377-6 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 765BJ UT WOS:000188247000006 ER PT J AU Barnett, T Malone, R Pennell, W Stammer, D Semtner, B Washington, W AF Barnett, T Malone, R Pennell, W Stammer, D Semtner, B Washington, W TI The effects of climate change on water resources in the west: Introduction and overview SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID HYDROCLIMATE; SIMULATION AB The results of an experimental 'end to end' assessment of the effects of climate change on water resources in the western United States are described. The assessment focuses on the potential effects of climate change over the first half of the 21st century on the Columbia, Sacramento/San Joaquin, and Colorado river basins. The paper describes the methodology used for the assessment, and it summarizes the principal findings of the study. The strengths and weaknesses of this study are discussed, and suggestions are made for improving future climate change assessments. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Barnett, T (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 23 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 35 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013695.21726.b8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768FA UT WOS:000188531900001 ER PT J AU Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Tokmakian, R Semtner, A Maltrud, M Lysne, J Craig, A AF Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Tokmakian, R Semtner, A Maltrud, M Lysne, J Craig, A TI The ACPI project, element 1: Initializing a coupled climate model from observed conditions SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE DYNAMICS; TRANSIENT SIMULATIONS; OCEAN MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB A problem for climate change studies with coupled ocean-atmosphere models has been how to incorporate observed initial conditions into the ocean, which holds most of the 'memory' of anthropogenic forcing effects. The first difficulty is the lack of comprehensive three-dimensional observations of the current ocean temperature ( T) and salinity ( S) fields to initialize to. The second problem is that directly imposing observed T and S fields into the model results in rapid drift back to the model climatology, with the corresponding loss of the observed information. Anthropogenic forcing scenarios therefore typically initialize future runs by starting with pre-industrial conditions. However, if the future climate depends on the details of the present climate, then initializing the model to observations may provide more accurate forecasts. Also, this similar to 130 yr spin up imposes substantial overhead if only a few decades of predictions are desired. A new technique to address these problems is presented. In lieu of observed T and S, assimilated ocean data were used. To reduce model drift, an anomaly coupling scheme was devised. This consists of letting the model's climatological (pre-industrial) oceanic and atmospheric heat contents and transports balance each other, while adding on the ( much smaller) changes in heat content since the pre-industrial era as anomalies. The result is model drift of no more than 0.2 K over 50 years, significantly smaller than the forced response of 1.0 K. An ensemble of runs with these assimilated initial conditions is then compared to a set spun up from pre-industrial conditions. No systematic differences were found, i.e., the model simulation of the ocean temperature structure in the late 1990s is statistically indistinguishable from the assimilated observations. However, a model with a worse representation of the late 20th century climate might show significant differences if initialized in this way. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Res Div 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Pierce, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Res Div 0224, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM dpierce@ucsd.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013676.42672.23 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768FA UT WOS:000188531900002 ER PT J AU Leung, LR Qian, Y Bian, XD Washington, WM Han, JG Roads, JO AF Leung, LR Qian, Y Bian, XD Washington, WM Han, JG Roads, JO TI Mid-century ensemble regional climate change scenarios for the western United States SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SPECTRAL MODEL; SURFACE-WATER; PART II; SIMULATIONS; ENSO; HYDROCLIMATE; IMPACTS; DRIVEN; CO2 AB To study the impacts of climate change on water resources in the western U. S., global climate simulations were produced using the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Department of Energy (NCAR/DOE) Parallel Climate Model (PCM). The Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) was used to downscale the PCM control ( 20 years) and three future ( 2040 - 2060) climate simulations to yield ensemble regional climate simulations at 40 km spatial resolution for the western U. S. This paper describes the regional simulations and focuses on the hydroclimate conditions in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) and Sacramento- San Joaquin River (SSJ) Basin. Results based on global and regional simulations show that by mid-century, the average regional warming of 1 to 2.5 degreesC strongly affects snowpack in the western U. S. Along coastal mountains, reduction in annual snowpack was about 70% as indicated by the regional simulations. Besides changes in mean temperature, precipitation, and snowpack, cold season extreme daily precipitation increased by 5 to 15 mm/day (15 - 20%) along the Cascades and the Sierra. The warming resulted in increased rainfall at the expense of reduced snowfall, and reduced snow accumulation ( or earlier snowmelt) during the cold season. In the CRB, these changes were accompanied by more frequent rain-on-snow events. Overall, they induced higher likelihood of wintertime flooding and reduced runoff and soil moisture in the summer. Changes in surface water and energy budgets in the CRB and SSJ basin were affected mainly by changes in surface temperature, which were statistically significant at the 0.95 confidence level. Changes in precipitation, while spatially incoherent, were not statistically significant except for the drying trend during summer. Because snow and runoff are highly sensitive to spatial distributions of temperature and precipitation, this study shows that ( 1) downscaling provides more realistic estimates of hydrologic impacts in mountainous regions such as the western U. S., and ( 2) despite relatively small changes in temperature and precipitation, changes in snowpack and runoff can be much larger on monthly to seasonal time scales because the effects of temperature and precipitation are integrated over time and space through various surface hydrological and land-atmosphere feedback processes. Although the results reported in this study were derived from an ensemble of regional climate simulations driven by a global climate model that displays low climate sensitivity compared with most other models, climate change was found to significantly affect water resources in the western U. S. by the mid twenty-first century. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ruby.leung@pnl.gov RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 37 TC 217 Z9 227 U1 3 U2 48 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 75 EP 113 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013692.50640.55 PG 39 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768FA UT WOS:000188531900005 ER PT J AU Wood, AW Leung, LR Sridhar, V Lettenmaier, DP AF Wood, AW Leung, LR Sridhar, V Lettenmaier, DP TI Hydrologic implications of dynamical and statistical approaches to downscaling climate model outputs SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SUSQUEHANNA RIVER-BASIN; REGIONAL CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE; LOCAL CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE AB Six approaches for downscaling climate model outputs for use in hydrologic simulation were evaluated, with particular emphasis on each method's ability to produce precipitation and other variables used to drive a macroscale hydrology model applied at much higher spatial resolution than the climate model. Comparisons were made on the basis of a twenty-year retrospective ( 1975 1995) climate simulation produced by the NCAR-DOE Parallel Climate Model (PCM), and the implications of the comparison for a future ( 2040 - 2060) PCM climate scenario were also explored. The six approaches were made up of three relatively simple statistical downscaling methods - linear interpolation (LI), spatial disaggregation (SD), and bias-correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD) - each applied to both PCM output directly ( at T42 spatial resolution), and after dynamical downscaling via a Regional ClimateModel (RCM - at 1/2-degree spatial resolution), for downscaling the climate model outputs to the 1/8-degree spatial resolution of the hydrological model. For the retrospective climate simulation, results were compared to an observed gridded climatology of temperature and precipitation, and gridded hydrologic variables resulting from forcing the hydrologic model with observations. The most significant findings are that the BCSD method was successful in reproducing the main features of the observed hydrometeorology from the retrospective climate simulation, when applied to both PCM and RCMoutputs. Linear interpolation produced better results using RCM output than PCM output, but both methods (PCM-LI and RCM-LI) lead to unacceptably biased hydrologic simulations. Spatial disaggregation of the PCM output produced results similar to those achieved with the RCM interpolated output; nonetheless, neither PCM nor RCM output was useful for hydrologic simulation purposes without a bias-correction step. For the future climate scenario, only the BCSD-method ( using PCM or RCM) was able to produce hydrologically plausible results. With the BCSD method, the RCM-derived hydrology was more sensitive to climate change than the PCM-derived hydrology. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 161 Wilcox Hall,POB 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dennisl@u.washington.edu RI Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 42 TC 624 Z9 635 U1 15 U2 171 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN-FEB PY 2004 VL 62 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 216 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013685.99609.9e PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 768FA UT WOS:000188531900008 ER PT J AU So, CK Nie, Y Song, YL Yang, GY Chen, SZ Wei, C Wang, LD Doggett, NA Yang, CS AF So, CK Nie, Y Song, YL Yang, GY Chen, SZ Wei, C Wang, LD Doggett, NA Yang, CS TI Loss of heterozygosity and internal tandem duplication mutations of the CBP gene are frequent events in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI-SYNDROME; SENSITIVE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CREB-BINDING-PROTEIN; HUMAN-DISEASE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATOR; HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; INDUCED STIMULATION; BETA ENHANCEOSOME; IN-VITRO AB Purpose: Cyclic AMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP), a nuclear transcriptional coactivator protein, is an important component of the cAMP signal transduction pathway. In this study, we systematically analyzed the pattern and frequency of CBP gene alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples from Linzhou (Linxian), China. Experimental Design: Using microsatellite markers D16S475, D16S2622, and D16S523 within the chromosome 16p13.3 locus flanking the CBP gene, we observed loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MSI), or homozygous deletion in 16 of 26 ESCC samples. Additional ESCC samples were analyzed using different sets of microsatellite markers (CS1-CS5) within the introns or in close proximity to the 3' end of the CBP gene. Results: The data showed that CBP gene LOH or MSI occurred in 9 of 19 ESCC samples. A detailed genetic alteration map of the CBP gene showed that an LOH or MSI hot spot occurred within intron 2 of the CBP gene. Furthermore, ESCC samples were investigated for CBP gene mutation by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. These results revealed that most of the shifted fragments contained internal tandem duplication (ITD), frequently in the regions encoding the histone acetyltransferase domain and COOH-terminal transactivating domain one of the CBP gene. The presence of ITD within the CBP gene was additionally confirmed by Southern blot analysis and sequencing. Conclusions: These studies show that LOH and ITD of the CBP gene are frequent genetic events in human ESCC. These alterations may have functional importance in the development of human ESCC. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Susan Lehman Cullman Lab Canc Res, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Zhengzhou Univ, Canc Res Lab, Henan, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, CS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Susan Lehman Cullman Lab Canc Res, 164 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM csyang@rci.rutgers.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA65871] NR 48 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0160 PN 1 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 765YM UT WOS:000188318700005 PM 14734447 ER PT J AU Come, SE Buzdar, AU Arteaga, CL Bissell, MJ Brown, MA Ellis, MJ Goss, PE Green, JE Ingle, JN Lee, AV Medina, D Nicholson, RI Santen, RJ Schiff, R Hart, CS AF Come, SE Buzdar, AU Arteaga, CL Bissell, MJ Brown, MA Ellis, MJ Goss, PE Green, JE Ingle, JN Lee, AV Medina, D Nicholson, RI Santen, RJ Schiff, R Hart, CS TI Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Recent Advances and Future Directions in Endocrine Manipulation of Breast Cancer: Conference summary statement SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Breast Canc Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Adult Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Breast Canc Prevent Program, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. NIH, Transgen Oncogenes Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Baylor Breast Canc, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Welsh Sch Pharm, Tenovus Ctr Canc Res, Cardiff CF1 3XF, S Glam, Wales. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Syst, Dept Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. InforMED, Narberth, PA USA. RP Come, SE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Breast Canc Program, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM scome@bidmc.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 SU S BP 327S EP 330S DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-031213 PN 2 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 767DB UT WOS:000188424000001 PM 14734487 ER PT J AU Novaro, V Radisky, DC Castro, NER Weisz, A Bissell, MJ AF Novaro, V Radisky, DC Castro, NER Weisz, A Bissell, MJ TI Malignant mammary cells acquire independence from extracellular context for regulation of estrogen receptor alpha SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances and Future Directions in Endocrine Manipulation of Breast Cancer CY JUL 21-22, 2003 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA ID BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CANCER; MOUSE; MATRIX; MICE; HORMONES; GLAND AB Interactions between luminal epithelial cells and their surrounding microenvironment govern the normal development and function of the mammary gland. Alterations of these interactions can induce abnormal intracellular signaling pathways that affect the development and progression of breast tumors. One critical component of mammary gland development, as well as breast cancer progression, is the expression of estrogen receptors. In a previous study using cultured nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells, we found that the basement membrane molecules, laminin-1 and coliagen-IV, were involved in maintenance of estrogen receptor (ER) at expression, and that this response could be interfered with by disrupting cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Here we use phenotypically normal mammary epithelial SCp2 cells to dissect the promoter region of the ERalpha that is involved in the selective response to basement membrane. We also analyze the alteration of this response in SCg6 cells, a malignant cell line that shares a common lineage with the SCp2 cells, to provide insight into the relative overexpression of ERalpha and the unresponsiveness to basement membrane regulation found in those malignant cells. Evidence is presented to show the relevance of the cross-talk between different signaling pathways in the constitution of a functional tissue organization and how this integration may be disrupted in the malignant phenotype. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Patol Gen, Naples, Italy. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Weisz, Alessandro/A-1317-2014 OI Weisz, Alessandro/0000-0003-0455-2083 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA57621, R01 CA057621-07] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 10 IS 1 SU S BP 402S EP 409S DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-031209 PN 2 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 767DB UT WOS:000188424000013 PM 14734499 ER PT J AU Ranawat, CS Komistek, RD Rodriguez, JA Dennis, DA Anderle, M AF Ranawat, CS Komistek, RD Rodriguez, JA Dennis, DA Anderle, M TI In vivo kinematics for fixed and mobile-bearing posterior stabilized knee prostheses SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONDYLAR LIFT-OFF; ROENTGEN STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; ARTHROPLASTY; REPLACEMENTS; MOTION AB This is the first in vivo kinematic study to compare mobile-bearing with fixed-bearing prostheses in patients who had total knee arthroplasties. Femorotibial contact positions for 40 patients implanted with either a fixed-bearing or mobile-bearing prosthesis were analyzed using videofluoroscopy. Femorotibial contact paths were determined using a computer automated model-fitting technique. Nineteen of 20 patients in each group experienced posterior femoral rollback of their lateral condyles, with a mean of 3.6 and 3.7 mm for fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing prostheses respectively. Eighteen patients who had mobile-bearing prostheses and 17 patients with fixed-bearing knee prostheses experienced a normal pattern of axial rotation of 7.3degrees and 4.1degrees respectively. Eleven of 20 (55%) patients who had mobile-bearing prostheses implanted and eight of 20 (40%) patients who had fixed-bearing prostheses implanted did not experience femoral condylar lift-off. The remaining knees had condylar liftoff less than 2.4 mm for fixed-bearing prostheses and 1.7 mm for mobile-bearing prostheses, respectively. Patients who had mobile-bearing prostheses implanted experienced greater axial rotation and less condylar lift-off than patients who had fixed-bearing prostheses implanted. Both cruciate ligaments are sacrificed for the mobile and fixed-bearing total knee replacements. The results from the current study showed that, in both groups, the majority of patients experienced kinematics similar to those of a normal knee. However, the extent of lateral femoral condyle posterior rollback and the extent of axial rotation were less. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Ranawat Orthopaed Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Ranawat Orthopaed Ctr, New York, NY USA. EM rkomistek@rmmrl.org NR 35 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X EI 1528-1132 J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JAN PY 2004 IS 418 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 773FD UT WOS:000188886300030 PM 15043113 ER PT J AU Franco, AA Kaufman, PD AF Franco, AA Kaufman, PD TI Histone deposition proteins: Links between the DNA replication machinery and epigenetic gene silencing SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Cold Spring Harbor Symsposium on Quantitative Biology CY JUN 02-07, 2004 CL Cold Spring Harbor, NY SP NCI, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Inst BioMed Res, Pfizer, Appl Biosyst, AstraZeneca, BioVentures, Cogene BioTech Ventures, Diagnost Prod Corp, Forest Labs, Genentech Inc, Hoffmann La Roche, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceut Res & Dev LLC, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Lexicon Genet Inc, Merck Res Labs, New England BioLabs, OSI Pharmaceut, Pall Corp, Schering Plough Res Inst, Wyeth Genet Inst ID ASSEMBLY FACTOR-I; NEWLY SYNTHESIZED HISTONES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELL-CYCLE; HIR PROTEINS; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; POLYMERASE-ALPHA; MOLECULAR LINK; FORKS REQUIRES; FACTOR ASF1 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Franco, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55712] NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2004 VL 69 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1101/sqb.2004.69.201 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 969IG UT WOS:000232227200025 PM 16117650 ER PT J AU Wang, R Shi, J Parikh, AN Shreve, AP Chen, LH Swanson, BI AF Wang, R Shi, J Parikh, AN Shreve, AP Chen, LH Swanson, BI TI Evidence for cholera aggregation on GM1-decorated lipid bilayers SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE protein aggregation; cholera toxin B oligomer; atomic force microscopy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SUPPORTED PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; B SUBUNIT; TOXIN; PROTEINS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; GANGLIOSIDES; RECOGNITION; VESICLES AB The binding properties of cholera toxin B (CTB) oligomer to substrate supported membrane bilayer, containing physiologically relevant concentrations of receptor glycolipids, viz. monosialoganglioside (GM1), have been extensively studied by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two distinct classes of GM1 containing membrane-mimetic surfaces were prepared: supported lipid bilayer membranes (sBLMs) on freshly cleaved mica and hybrid lipid bilayer membranes (hBLMs) on octadecyltrichlorosilane, (OTS) derivatized silicon substrates. On sBLMs, aggregates with a well-defined ordered arrangement of individual CTB molecules were observed at all GM1 and cholera concentrations studied. In sharp contrast, features consistent with randomly distributed adsorbed individual CTB molecules were seen on a bare mica surface. On the hBLMs, the aggregate structures were only observed when the bilayer was formed onto ordered OTS surfaces, offering continuous and defect-free lipid membrane for the lateral diffusion of GM1. Ill-packed and disordered OTS monolayers; yielded a random distribution of adsorbed proteins comparable to that observed for CTB binding on bare mica substrates. These observations strongly support that the aggregation of CTB-GM1 complex is a result of the specific interaction of CTB molecules with GM1 receptors in the fluid,membrane bilayers. The high mobility of GM1 allows lateral diffusion of the complex to form ordered aggregates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, R (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM wangr@iit.edu RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD JAN 1 PY 2004 VL 33 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2003.09.001 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 768DF UT WOS:000188512400007 ER PT S AU Li, XN AF Li, XN BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI Multilayer transparent conducting oxide thin film produced by linear combinatorial synthesis SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn ID LIBRARIES AB Multilayer transparent conducting oxide (TCO) structures consisting of alternating layers of tin oxide (SnO2) and cadmium oxide (CdO) pairs was studied. A low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with a linear combinatorial approach was used to fabricate the libraries. Three libraries were studied with the pair thickness range covered from 500 nm to 4 nm. For pairs thicker than 150 nm, the material properties of the multilayer simply show a combination of CdO and SnO2 characteristics. When pair thinner than 70 nm, the interface effect started emerging. As pairs became thinner than 20 nm, the new compound phase was formed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, XN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200003 ER PT S AU Specht, ED Rack, PD Rar, A Pharr, GM George, EP Hong, H AF Specht, ED Rack, PD Rar, A Pharr, GM George, EP Hong, H BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI Nonequilibrium structures in codeposited Cr-Fe-Ni films SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn ID PHASE AB Ternary libraries are prepared by codeposition of Cr, Fe, and Ni on single-crystal Si and Al2O3 (sapphire) substrates at -100degreesC. The varying proximity to the three metal sources produces a spread of compositions in the films, which are analyzed both as-deposited and after annealing in vacuum for 2 h at 500degreesC. Structural maps are produced using synchrotron radiation and simultaneous detection of 2D diffraction patterns and x-ray fluorescence spectra. Four phases are identified in the as-deposited films. Three phases occur in equilibrium: bcc (alpha), fcc (gamma), and intermetallic (sigma). The fourth phase does not correspond to any equilibrium phase in the Cr-Fe-Ni system; it is tentatively identified as isomorphic to the alpha-Mn (A12) structure. After annealing, the nonequilibrium phase is no longer observed, but the occurrence of the three equilibrium phases is still far from the equilibrium phase boundaries, The particle size measured by x rays is small (9-15 nm), suggesting that higher annealing temperatures are required for the growth of equilibrium phases. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Specht, ED (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200007 ER PT S AU Rar, A Specht, ED Meyer, HM Santella, ML George, EP Pharr, GM AF Rar, A Specht, ED Meyer, HM Santella, ML George, EP Pharr, GM BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI Preparation of ternary alloy libraries by means of thick film deposition and interdiffusion: structure and mechanical properties SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn AB A method of preparing ternary alloy libraries for combinatorial materials development based on thick film deposition and interdiffusion was studied, using the Ni-Fe-Cr ternary system. Specimens were prepared by depositing films onto sapphire substrates with an e-beam evaporation system followed by annealing in a vacuum for interdiffusion. The specimens were examined using cross sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning Auger microanalysis (SAM), angular resolved x-ray fluorescence (AR-XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and nanoindentation. The method proved an effective way to make the alloy libraries for screening mechanical properties by means of nanoindentation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rar, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200010 ER PT S AU Christen, HM Ohkubo, I AF Christen, HM Ohkubo, I BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI Controlled deposition of wedge-shaped profiles for thin (similar to 10A) layers by pulsed laser deposition SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn ID COMPOSITIONAL-SPREAD TECHNIQUE; COMBINATORIAL; DISCOVERY; FILMS AB A method yielding precisely controlled thickness profiles in thin-film growth is necessary for continuous compositional spread techniques. While multiple approaches have been introduced and successfully tested, some specific applications require the use of very thin "wedge"-type profiles (similar to10 Angstrom at the thickest point), while at the same time yielding lateral sample sizes of several centimeters. Here we introduce the basic principles of a pulsed-laser deposition based approach utilizing the translation of the substrate behind a slit-shaped aperture and demonstrate by simple calculations that this method can satisfy these requirements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, HM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; OHKUBO, Isao/B-9553-2013 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; OHKUBO, Isao/0000-0002-4187-0112 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200027 ER PT S AU Havrilla, GJ Miller, T Warner, B Wells, C AF Havrilla, GJ Miller, T Warner, B Wells, C BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI Micro X-ray fluorescence as a high throughput screening method for combinatorial chemistry SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn ID CATALYST LIBRARIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PARALLEL ANALYSIS AB Micro X-ray fluorescence is used as a high-throughput screening method for combinatorial applications. These include chemical weapon degradation products, catalytic phosphate hydrolysis and radiologic dispersion device metals. In each application the intrinsic elemental signature was utilized to identify the lead hits for the combinatorial screening in locating peptide sequences exhibiting the desired binding characteristics. In addition to being nondestructive, rapid and non-perturbing to the binding event, this method can be used to quantify the amount of target material. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Havrilla, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 261 EP 266 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200038 ER PT S AU Nelson, B Friedman, D Geisz, J Albin, D Benner, J Wang, Q AF Nelson, B Friedman, D Geisz, J Albin, D Benner, J Wang, Q BE Potyrailo, RA Karim, A Wang, Q Chikyow, T TI To data management and beyond... for photovoltaic applications SO COMBINATORIAL AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Combinatorial and Artificial Intelligence Methods in Materials Science II held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Global Res Ctr, Hysitron Inc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Sci Fdn AB Material science tends to focus around a specific class of materials and devices. After an idea is created, an experiment is postulated, and then materials are grown and devices are fabricated. These materials and devices are characterized using a variety of techniques. Data from these laboratory steps are analyzed, conclusions are formulated, and knowledge is passed on through publications, presentations, and patents. Typically, data are tracked in the area of what is grown and what is measured, but corporate knowledge is often lost as to what motivated certain experiments or what was learned from those experiments. This can be due to many factors including corporate culture, lack of reporting of negative results, and lack of reporting of full data sets. Proper application of informatics must realize that data does not equal knowledge, but is the foundation for creating knowledge, which is far more useful than mere information. Combinatorial approaches for material growth, device fabrication, and subsequent characterization accelerate experimental throughput. Integrating these systems and their data at all levels ultimately will lead to key knowledge to discover new materials and invent new device structures. Well-designed informatics systems must fully relate all types of data and information, make full use of automation, enable data mining, and have an easy-to-use, fast, user interface. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nelson, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-742-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 804 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BY92J UT WOS:000189496200042 ER PT S AU Omenetto, FG Efimov, A Taylor, AJ AF Omenetto, FG Efimov, A Taylor, AJ BE Neev, J Schaffer, CB Ostendorf, A TI Ultrafast pulse shape driven dynamics in optical waveguides SO COMMERCIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers IV CY JAN 27-29, 2004 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Coherent, Inc, FEMTOLASERS Produkt GmbH, IMRA, Posit Light Inc, Spectra Phys Inc DE fentosecond phenomena; ultrafast phenomena; pulse measurement; nonlinear optics; ultrafast processes in fibers; coherent control; adaptive control; FROG; photonic crystals; photonic crystal fibers; optical solitons ID SELF-FREQUENCY SHIFT; FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSE; ANOMALOUS-DISPERSION; ADAPTIVE-CONTROL; QUANTUM CONTROL; MU-M; FIBERS; PROPAGATION; PHASE; GENERATION AB Fiber optics provide a convenient way to deliver light to remote locations otherwise optically inaccessible. Arguably, optical fibers represent the most effective means of delivering optical radiation through nearly arbitrary paths. The delivery of ultrashort pulses through fibers is a topic of interest for a variety of applications yet constitutes a challenge due to the physical interaction between the intense light fields and the bulk constituents of the fiber. The nonlinear optical effects that take place induce a variety of distortion on the pulses which alter the features of the optical field at the output of the fiber. The ability to control these nonlinearities and use them as means to passively control the pulse characteristics at the output end of the fiber would be of extreme practical use. Phase sensitive pulse measurement techniques are a crucial element needed for the characterization of the pulses and to control their shape so that fibers and femtosecond phenomena may coexist effectively and advantageously. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Omenetto, FG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-23,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Efimov, Anatoly/0000-0002-5559-4147 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-5248-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2004 VL 5340 BP 24 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.538640 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BAJ01 UT WOS:000222484800004 ER PT B AU Glendenning, NK AF Glendenning, NK BE Hong, DK Lee, CH Lee, HK Min, DP Park, TS Rho, M TI Phase transitions in neutron stars SO COMPACT STARS: THE QUEST FOR NEW STATES OF DENSE MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT KIAS-APCTP International Symposium on Astro-Hadron Physics CY NOV 10-14, 2003 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Adv Study, Asia Pacific Ctr Theoret Phys, DaeWoo Fdn ID SPIN-DOWN; HYPERNUCLEI; ACCRETION; MATTER AB Neutron stars are the densest objects in the universe today in which matter with several phases in adiabatic equilibrium can be found. Various high-density phases, both geometric and constitutional are spatially spread out by the pressure gradient in the star. Boundaries between phases slowly move, appear, or disappear as the density profile of the star is changed by the centrifugal force due to spindown caused by the magnetic torque of a pulsar, or the spinup of an x-ray neutron star because of the torque applied by mass accreted from a companion star. Phase transitions in turn produce their own imprint on the spin behavior through changes in the moment of inertia as one phase replaces another, in some cases on single stars, and in others on populations. These are the clues that we elucidate after first reviewing high-density phases. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-954-7 PY 2004 BP 58 EP 74 DI 10.1142/9789812702524_0005 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCM11 UT WOS:000229967500005 ER PT B AU Reddy, S AF Reddy, S BE Hong, DK Lee, CH Lee, HK Min, DP Park, TS Rho, M TI The micro-physics of neutrino transport at extreme density SO COMPACT STARS: THE QUEST FOR NEW STATES OF DENSE MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT KIAS-APCTP International Symposium on Astro-Hadron Physics CY NOV 10-14, 2003 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Adv Study, Asia Pacific Ctr Theoret Phys, DaeWoo Fdn ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NUCLEAR-MATTER; QUARK MATTER; STAR MATTER; COLOR; SCATTERING; FLAVOR; QCD; INSTANTONS; EVOLUTION AB Production and propagation of neutrinos in hot and dense matter plays an important role in the thermal evolution of neutron stars. In this article we review the micro-physics that influences weak interaction rates in dense matter containing nucleons, leptons and or quarks. We show that these rates depend sensitively on the strong and electromagnetic correlations between baryons. We present new results, obtained using molecular dynamics, for the response of dense plasma of heavy ions. Neutrino rates are also shown to be sensitive to the phase structure of matter at extreme density. We highlight recent calculations of neutrino rates in dense color superconducting phases of quark matter. We present a brief discussion of how these differences may affect the early evolution of a neutron star. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reddy@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-954-7 PY 2004 BP 495 EP 509 DI 10.1142/9789812702524_0039 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BCM11 UT WOS:000229967500039 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Philippi, T Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Philippi, T Congdon, JD TI Standard and digestive metabolism in the banded water snake, Nerodia fasciata fasciata SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digestion; Nerodia fasciata fasciata; oxygen consumption; respirometry; specific dynamic action; standard metabolic rate ID DYNAMIC ACTION; ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; GROWTH; SIZE AB Estimating energy costs by respirometry is fundamental to many studies of the ecology, behavior and evolution of reptiles. However, traditional respirometry procedures seldom incorporate objective techniques for removal of outliers from estimates of metabolic parameters. We demonstrate how computer-automated respirometry equipment, which records many respiratory measurements over short intervals, can be coupled with mathematical procedures to produce robust estimates of pre- and post-prandial metabolism in banded water snakes (Nerodia fasciata fasciata). Standard metabolic rate of N. f fasciata was estimated to be 1.21 n-d O-2/h (mass = 30.21 +/- 0.74 g) at 25 degreesC. After ingestion of a fish equaling 20% of their body mass, snakes exhibited a fivefold increase in metabolic rate with peak 02 consumption rate (VO2) reaching 6.5 ml O-2/h. Total cost of digestion was 5.44 U, equivalent to approximately 21% of the energy in the meal. Repeated measurements of metabolism in the same individuals revealed that our methods yielded similar results, even when individuals exhibited different patterns Of VO2 variation between respiratory trials. Our results underscore the importance of obtaining many VO2 measurements, coupled with objective removal of outlier values from estimates of metabolic rate, especially when metabolic values are to be interpreted in a comparative context. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol, Miami, FL USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM hopkins@srel.edu NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 137 IS 1 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.09.017 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 763DM UT WOS:000188059200014 PM 14720599 ER PT S AU Norris, B Ray, J Armstrong, R McInnes, LC Bernholdt, DE Elwasif, WR Malony, AD Shende, S AF Norris, B Ray, J Armstrong, R McInnes, LC Bernholdt, DE Elwasif, WR Malony, AD Shende, S BE Crnkovic, I Stafford, JA Schmidt, HW Wallnau, K TI Computational quality of service for scientific components SO COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Component-Based Software Engineering CY MAY 24-25, 2004 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Microsoft Res, Monash Univ, Malardalen Univ, Carnegie Mellon Univ, Tufts Univ AB Scientific computing on massively parallel computers presents unique challenges to component-based software engineering (CBSE). While CBSE is at least as enabling for scientific computing as it is for other arenas, the requirements are different. We briefly discuss how these requirements shape the Common Component Architecture, and. we describe some recent research on quality-of-service issues to address the computational performance and accuracy of scientific simulations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Norris, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM noris@mcs.anl.gov; jairay@sandia.gov; rob@sandia.gov; mcinnes@mcs.anl.gov; bernholdtde@ornl.gov; elwasifwr@ornl.gov; malony@cs.uoregon.edu; sameer@cs.uoregon.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-21998-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3054 BP 264 EP 271 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAF07 UT WOS:000221928500023 ER PT J AU Johnson, C Gemmen, R Orlovskaya, N AF Johnson, C Gemmen, R Orlovskaya, N TI Nano-structured self-assembled LaCrO3 thin film deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering on a stainless steel interconnect material SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Perovskite; lanthanum chromite; amorphous to crystalline phase transition; self-assembled nano-structure; micro-Raman spectroscopy; thin film; solid oxide fuel cells ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; NETWORK GLASSES; MIXED OXIDES; CRYSTALLIZATION; ORGANIZATION; OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; BEHAVIOR; CHROMIA; GROWTH AB The deposition of an amorphous La-Cr-O thin film on a stainless steel was done by radio frequency magnetron sputtering to obtain a protective coating on the metallic interconnect for solid oxide fuel cells. The deposited film was amorphous, but underwent two-phase transformations to the perovskite structure as a result of annealing at 700 degreesC for 1 h. The first transformation was from amorphous to the monoclinic LaCrO4 monazite type compound. The second transformation was from LaCrO4 to orthorhombic LaCrO3 perovskite. As a result of the phase transformation nano-structured self-assembled dendritic structure was formed with the desired perovskite phase. The structural characterization of the film was done by X-ray diffraction, phase shift microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Orlovskaya, N (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM orlovsk@drexel.edu NR 25 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2003.08.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 801XR UT WOS:000220129100013 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI Effective properties for single size, rigid spherical inclusions in an elastic matrix SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE composite materials ID SUSPENSION; SPHERES; MODELS; MODULI AB The main problem is that of determining the effective moduli for a compressible isotropic elastic medium containing single size, rigid, spherical inclusions at non-dilute concentrations. A solution is synthesized from available rigorous elasticity results that have been found under asymptotic conditions. Preliminary to obtaining this result for the compressible medium case, results are first found for the incompressible case over a range of rigid particle size distributions. All results extend from the dilute condition up through the full packing limit, which depends upon the size distribution. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM christensen@stanford.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6-8 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.04.008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 856CH UT WOS:000224020700005 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Huang, Y Liu, C AF Jiang, H Huang, Y Liu, C TI Fracture analysis of facesheets in sandwich composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fibres; lamina/ply; fracture; shear-lag AB There exist two fracture mechanisms in facesheets of sandwich composites consisting of the 0degrees and 90degrees plies, namely crack growth and crack blocking. The former is undesired since it may lead to failure of facesheets and even the core in sandwich composites. A shear-lag model is developed in this article and it gives a simple criterion governing these two mechanisms. It is established that, for a given ratio E-t/E-f of the elastic moduli in the transverse and fiber directions, there exists a critical facesheet thickness above which crack blocking is achieved and crack growth is prevented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI Jiang, Hanqing/B-1810-2008; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 OI Jiang, Hanqing/0000-0002-1947-4420; NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6-8 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2004.01.005 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 856CH UT WOS:000224020700013 ER PT B AU Ostrouchov, G Samatova, NF AF Ostrouchov, G Samatova, NF BE Antoch, J TI Embedding methods and robust statistics for dimension reduction SO COMPSTAT 2004: PROCEEDINGS IN COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Computational Statistics (COMPSTAT 2004) CY 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE dimension reduction; convex hull; FastMap; principal components; multidimensional scaling; robust statistics; Euclidean distance AB Recently, several non-deterministic distance embedding methods that can be used for fast dimension reduction have been proposed in the machine learning literature. These include FastMap, MetricMap, and SparseMap. Among them, FastMap, implicitly assumes that the objects are points in a p-dimensional Euclidean space. It selects a sequence of k less than or equal to p orthogonal axes defined by distant pairs of points (called pivots) and computes the projection of the points onto the orthogonal axes. We show that FastMap picks all of its pivots from the vertices of the convex hull of the data points in the original implicit Euclidean space. This provides a connection to results in robust statistics, where the convex hull is used as a tool in multivariate outlier detection and in robust estimation methods. The connection sheds a new light on some properties of FastMap and provides an opportunity for a robust class of dimension reduction algorithms that we call RobustMaps, which retain the speed of FastMap, and exploit ideas in robust statistics. One simple RobustMap algorithm is shown to outperform principal components on contaminated data both in terms of clean variance captured and in terms of time complexity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ostrouchov, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTR 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY BN 3-7908-1554-3 PY 2004 BP 359 EP 370 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BAY19 UT WOS:000224173300029 ER PT B AU Escher, J AF Escher, J BE Escher, J Castanos, O Hirsch, JG Pittel, S Stoitcheva, G TI Partial dynamical symmetry in nuclear systems SO COMPUTATIONAL AND GROUP-THEORETICAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational and Group-Theoretical Methods in Nuclear Physics CY FEB 18-21, 2003 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnol Mexico, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Louisiana State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Mexicana Fis ID COLLECTIVE MOTION; SHELL-MODEL AB Partial dynamical symmetry (PDS) extends and complements the concepts of exact and dynamical symmetry. It allows one to remove undesired constraints from an algebraic theory, while preserving some of the useful aspects of a dynamical symmetry, and to study the effects of symmetry breaking in a controlled manner. An example of a PDS in an interacting fermion system is presented. The associated PDS Hamiltonians are closely related with a realistic quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and provide new insights into this important interaction. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Nucl Theory & Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Escher, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div, Nucl Theory & Modeling Grp, POB 808,l-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-596-7 PY 2004 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1142/9789812703026_0004 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BCL76 UT WOS:000229933400004 ER PT B AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN BE Escher, J Castanos, O Hirsch, JG Pittel, S Stoitcheva, G TI Pseudospin as a relativistic symmetry in nuclei SO COMPUTATIONAL AND GROUP-THEORETICAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational and Group-Theoretical Methods in Nuclear Physics CY FEB 18-21, 2003 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnol Mexico, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Louisiana State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Mexicana Fis ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; PHYSICS AB The evidence that pseudospin symmetry is a relativistic symmetry is reviewed. Search for pseudospin symmetry beyond the mean field approximation is motivated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-596-7 PY 2004 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1142/9789812703026_0007 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BCL76 UT WOS:000229933400007 ER PT B AU Ormand, WE Navratil, P AF Ormand, WE Navratil, P BE Escher, J Castanos, O Hirsch, JG Pittel, S Stoitcheva, G TI Large-scale computations leading to a first-principles approach to nuclear structure SO COMPUTATIONAL AND GROUP-THEORETICAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational and Group-Theoretical Methods in Nuclear Physics CY FEB 18-21, 2003 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnol Mexico, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Louisiana State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Mexicana Fis ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; GROUND-STATE; LIGHT-NUCLEI; SHELL-MODEL; SCATTERING; O-16 AB We report on large-scale applications of the ab initio, no-core shell model with the primary goal of achieving an accurate description of nuclear structure from the fundamental inter-nucleon interactions. In particular, we show that realistic two-nucleon interactions are inadequate to describe the low-lying structure of B-10, and that realistic three-nucleon interactions are essential. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ormand, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ormand1@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-596-7 PY 2004 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1142/9789812703026_0015 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BCL76 UT WOS:000229933400015 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Escher, J Castanos, O Hirsch, JG Pittel, S Stoitcheva, G TI Computational challenges of quantum many-body problems in nuclear structure: Coupled-cluster theory SO COMPUTATIONAL AND GROUP-THEORETICAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational and Group-Theoretical Methods in Nuclear Physics CY FEB 18-21, 2003 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnol Mexico, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Louisiana State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Mexicana Fis ID ELECTRON CORRELATION THEORIES; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SHELL-MODEL AB Nuclear structure requires solutions to the complicated quantum many-body problem. I discuss an initial implementation of the coupled-cluster method for nuclear structure calculations and apply our method to a preliminary study of He-4. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM deandj@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-596-7 PY 2004 BP 154 EP 162 DI 10.1142/9789812703026_0016 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BCL76 UT WOS:000229933400016 ER PT B AU Papenbrock, T Dean, DJ AF Papenbrock, T Dean, DJ BE Escher, J Castanos, O Hirsch, JG Pittel, S Stoitcheva, G TI Application of ground-state factorization to nuclear structure problems SO COMPUTATIONAL AND GROUP-THEORETICAL METHODS IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Computational and Group-Theoretical Methods in Nuclear Physics CY FEB 18-21, 2003 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO SP Consejo Nacl Ciencia Tecnol Mexico, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Louisiana State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Soc Mexicana Fis ID SHELL-MODEL AB We compute accurate approximations to the low-lying states of (44)Ti by ground-state factorization. Energies converge exponentially fast as the number of retained factors is increased, and quantum numbers are reproduced accurately. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Papenbrock, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM papenbro@mail.phy.ornl.gov; deandj@ornl.gov OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-596-7 PY 2004 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1142/9789812703026_0029 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BCL76 UT WOS:000229933400029 ER PT J AU Glimm, J Hou, SL Lee, YH Sharp, DH Ye, KN AF Glimm, James Hou, Shuling Lee, Yoon-Ha Sharp, David H. Ye, Kenny TI Sources of uncertainty and error in the simulation of flow in porous media SO COMPUTATIONAL & APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; solution error; porous media AB We are concerned here with the analysis and partition of uncertainty into component pieces, for a model prediction problem for flow in porous media. C1 [Glimm, James; Lee, Yoon-Ha; Ye, Kenny] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hou, Shuling; Sharp, David H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sharp, David H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glimm, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM glimm@ams.sunysb.edu; yunha@ams.sunysb.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MATEMATICA APLICADA & COMPUTACIONAL PI SAO CARLOS SP PA AV DO TRABALHADOR SAO CARLENSE, 400, CENTRO CAIXA POSTAL 668, SAO CARLOS SP, 13560-970, BRAZIL SN 0101-8205 J9 COMPUT APPL MATH JI Comput. Appl. Math. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V20JA UT WOS:000208135100002 ER PT J AU Albers, RC Ahluwalia, R Lookman, T Saxena, A AF Albers, R. C. Ahluwalia, R. Lookman, T. Saxena, A. TI Modeling solid-solid phase transformations: from single crystal to polycrystal behavior SO COMPUTATIONAL & APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE martensites; shape memory alloys; polycrystals; Landau theory AB We introduce a framework for modeling elastic properties of shape memory alloy polycrystals by coupling orientational degrees of freedom with elastic strains. Our method allows us to span the length scales from single crystal to that appropriate to obtain polycrystal properties. The single crystal free energy coefficients can be determined from microscopic calculations (such as electronic structure and molecular dynamics) and/or available experimental structural, phonon and thermodynamic data. We simulate the microstructure and determine the stress-strain response of the polycrystal and compare it with that of a single crystal. For FePd parameters we find that the recoverable strain for a polycrystal is similar to 40% of that for a single crystal. The polycrystal information can, in principle, serve as input to the engineering scale of calculation, where the finite element method is appropriate. C1 [Albers, R. C.; Ahluwalia, R.; Lookman, T.; Saxena, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Albers, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rca@lanl.gov; rajeev@lanl.gov; txl@lanl.gov; avadh@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1807-0302 J9 COMPUT APPL MATH JI Comput. Appl. Math. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 345 EP 361 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V20JA UT WOS:000208135100013 ER PT B AU Chen, EP AF Chen, EP BE Yao, ZH Yuan, MW Zhong, WX TI Science-based materials modeling at Sandia/California: An overview SO Computational Mechanics, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Congress on Computational Mechanics held in conjunction with the 2nd Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics CY SEP 05-10, 2004 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Natl Sci Fdn, China Minist Sci & Technol, Peking Univ, Tsinghua Univ, Dalian Univ Technol, China Acad Sci, Inst Mech, S China Univ Technol, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Helhai Univ, Wuhan Univ Technol, Zhejian Univ, Int Assoc Computat Mech, Asian-Pacific Assoc Computat Mech, Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Chinese Assoc Computat Mech, US Assoc Computat Mech, Japan Assoc Computat Mech, Australian Assoc Computat, German Assoc Computat Mech, Hohai Univ DE multi-scale materials modeling; fracture; failure; high performance computing AB An overview of the research activities in science-based materials modeling carried out at Sandia National Laboratories, California will be presented. The main mission driver for the work is the development of predictive modeling and simulation capabilities leveraging high performance computing software and hardware. Presentation will highlight research accomplishments in several specific topics of current interest. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-302-09343-1 PY 2004 BP 248 EP 252 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BCU88 UT WOS:000231353600029 ER PT S AU Sun, AC Erickson, KL Hobbs, ML Adolf, D Stavig, M AF Sun, AC Erickson, KL Hobbs, ML Adolf, D Stavig, M BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Modeling multiphase flow of liquefied removable epoxy foam SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION SE HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Computational Methods in Materials Characterisation CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico AB Removable epoxy foam (REF) has been considered for the redesign of engineering systems. The response of REF in an intense thermal environment is part of the material response program within the Engineering Sciences Center. More specifically, this paper addresses liquefaction of REF during foam pyrolysis under moderate to high pressures. Understanding the liquefaction process and modeling of the liquid flow are essential to ensuring the performance of the new design. The phase transition from solid to liquid to vapor is the result of heat transfer, mass transfer, decomposition chemistry, and phase equilibria. Fluid phase thermophysical property measurements and predictions are necessary for modeling the flow. We have obtained thermal conductivities of REF up to 200C; extrapolation to higher temperature is necessary for liquid phase model. Viscometric measurements have been attempted at 80C and 180C. The observed stress of foam at 180C under constant strain rate shows nonasymtotic behavior, suggesting a continuous changes in the polymer structure. The modeling of liquid flow is based on a 2D geometry and solved by a finite-element code. In the model, liquid and solid phases deform under coupled decomposition kinetics, energy, momentum, and mass balances. The moving boundaries are controlled by a set of distinguishing conditions at the interfaces between solid and liquid and liquid and vapor. Preliminary results of the liquefaction model will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Proc Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sun, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1469-0071 BN 1-85312-988-7 J9 HI PER STRUCT MAT PY 2004 VL 6 BP 197 EP 206 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BAN29 UT WOS:000222945000019 ER PT S AU Hobbs, ML Lemmon, GH AF Hobbs, ML Lemmon, GH BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Polyurethane foam response to high heat fluxes SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION SE HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Computational Methods in Materials Characterisation CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico AB A Simple PolyUrethane Foam (SPUF) mass loss and response model has been developed to predict the behavior of unconfined, rigid, closed-cell, polyurethane foam-filled systems exposed to fire-like heat fluxes. The model is based on simple two-step mass loss kinetics using distributed Arrhenius reaction rates. The initial reaction step assumes that the foam degrades into a primary gas and a reactive solid. The reactive solid subsequently degrades into a secondary gas. The SPUF decomposition model was implemented into the finite element (FE) heat conduction codes COYOTE [1] and CALORE [2], which support chemical kinetics and dynamic enclosure radiation using "element death." A discretization bias correction model was parameterized using elements with characteristic lengths ranging from 1-mm to 1-cm. Bias corrected solutions using the SPUF response model with large elements gave essentially the same results as grid independent solutions using 100-mum elements. The response model was used to simulate a 9-cm diameter, 15-cm tall cylinder of foam that was heated with lamps. The predictions of the decomposition front locations were compared to the front locations determined from real-time X-rays. The predictions of the front locations were similar to the measured front locations using real time X-rays. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hobbs, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Lemmon, Gordon/O-2199-2015 OI Lemmon, Gordon/0000-0002-8381-205X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1469-0071 BN 1-85312-988-7 J9 HI PER STRUCT MAT PY 2004 VL 6 BP 207 EP 216 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BAN29 UT WOS:000222945000020 ER PT S AU Erickson, KL Trujillo, SM Thompson, KR Sun, AC Hobbs, ML Dowding, KJ AF Erickson, KL Trujillo, SM Thompson, KR Sun, AC Hobbs, ML Dowding, KJ BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Liquefaction and flow behavior of a thermally decomposing removable epoxy foam SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION SE HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Computational Methods in Materials Characterisation CY NOV 05-07, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico AB Polymer foams are used to encapsulate units requiring thermal and mechanical isolation in engineered systems. At high temperature, these foams chemically decompose. Decomposing foams generally undergo charring or liquefaction processes, while evolving low molecular weight species into the vapor phase. Evolved gases and vapors can cause substantial pressurization of closed containers. During thermal decomposition, the physical and chemical behaviors of the foams are coupled and can significantly affect heat transfer rates to the encapsulated units. The behavior of foams that undergo liquefaction can vary greatly depending on both physical and thermal boundary conditions as well as on decomposition chemistry. A removable, epoxy foam was recently developed. This foam undergoes liquefaction during thermal decomposition. Decomposition chemistry and liquefaction processes are being investigated experimentally to provide a basis for developing predictive models. Multiple techniques and diagnostics are used to characterize physical and chemical behavior over a broad range of sample sizes and physical and thermal boundary conditions. For example, at the laboratory scale, 1-mg to 10-mg samples are used in TGA-FTIR and DSC experiments to determine decomposition chemistry and associated enthalpy changes. At the "production scale," 50 g to 100 g samples are used in high-temperature (similar to900degrees C) thermal response experiments, in which foam regression and liquefaction are examined using x-ray imaging. Foam regression away from a heated surface generally involves two moving boundaries, a fluid-solid interface and a fluid-vapor interface. In the simplest cases involving well-vented samples, both interfaces are relatively planar and regress in a one-dimensional fashion. Similar experiments involving totally confined samples produce complicated three-dimensional interfaces as a result of erosive channeling by hot vapors and fluids. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Erickson, KL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1469-0071 BN 1-85312-988-7 J9 HI PER STRUCT MAT PY 2004 VL 6 BP 217 EP 242 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA BAN29 UT WOS:000222945000021 ER PT S AU Martin, JE Anderson, RA Williamson, R AF Martin, JE Anderson, RA Williamson, R BE Mammoli, AA Brebbia, CA TI Dynamics of particle suspensions in heterodyned triaxial magnetic fields SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN MULTIPHASE FLOW II SE ADVANCES IN FLUID MECHANICS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow CY NOV 03-05, 2003 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ New Mexico ID BIAXIAL FIELD; COMPOSITES; SIMULATION AB We have begun to explore the striking collective dynamics that can occur when a magnetic particle suspension is exposed to three orthogonal ac magnetic fields. The motivation for doing this requires some explanation. When a uniaxial magnetic field is applied to a magnetic particle suspension, the induced dipoles cause the formation of particle chains. We call this a positive dipolar interaction. If instead an audio frequency rotating magnetic field is applied in the plane normal to the uniaxial field, the suspended particles will form parallel sheets, due to the creation of negative dipole interactions. If both a uniaxial and a rotating field of equal amplitude are applied simultaneously, which we call a balanced triaxial field, the average dipolar interaction should vanish, but it doesn't. Why? Because each dipole moment has a component due to the applied field, and a component due to the fields of all the other dipoles. The former does indeed give a null average interaction, but the latter does not. This non-vanishing dipole field interaction is terribly complex: it cannot be crudely represented as a sum of pair interactions, even for three dipoles. Because of this the usual structures one expects of attractive interactions - spinodal structures, equilibrium clusterings, lattice formation - fail to emerge. Instead, a variety of particle networks and particle foams form, these having large magnetic susceptibilities. Unusual dynamical phenomena can be induced by setting two or more of the coil frequencies sufficiently close that the suspension can follow the beats. If this heterodyning is done during the gelation of the suspension resin, some surprising particle structures emerge, such as a cellular honeycomb. These structures have highly optimized physical properties. We will discuss both experimental work and molecular dynamics simulations of these phenomena. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1353-808X BN 1-85312-986-0 J9 ADV FLUID MECH SER PY 2004 VL 37 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BAN07 UT WOS:000222919300022 ER PT S AU Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Ferer, M Bromhal, GS Smith, DH BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Two-phase flow in porous media: crossover from capillary fingering to compact invasion SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID VISCOUS FINGERS; PERCOLATION; DISPLACEMENT; SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; DRAINAGE; GROWTH; MODELS AB Motivated by a. wide range of applications front enhanced oil recovery to carbon dioxide sequestration, we have developed a pore-level model of immiscible drainage, incorporating viscous, capillary; and gravitational effects. We Have validated this model quantitatively, in the very different limits of zero viscosity ratio and zero capillary number. For a range of stable viscosity ratios (mu(injected)/mu(displaced) >= 1); we have increased the capillary number, N-C, and studied the way in which the flours deviate from capillary fingering (the fractal flow of invasion percolation) and become compact for realistic capillary numbers. Results exhibiting this crossover from capillary fingering to compact invasion are presented for the saturation profile and the average position of the injected fluid. The modeling results agree with earlier predictions. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ferer, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 153 EP 161 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900014 ER PT S AU Mazaheri, AR Ahmadi, G Zerai, B Saylor, BZ Kadambi, JR Bromhal, GS Smith, DH AF Mazaheri, AR Ahmadi, G Zerai, B Saylor, BZ Kadambi, JR Bromhal, GS Smith, DH BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Numerical simulations and particle imaging velocimetry measurements of fluid flow through a lattice model SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth C1 US DOE, Morgantown Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Mazaheri, AR (reprint author), US DOE, Morgantown Energy Technol Ctr, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. OI Saylor, Beverly/0000-0002-1825-8953 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900020 ER PT S AU Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P AF Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics to the simulation of multiphase flow in complex fracture apertures SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID SURFACE-TENSION; POROUS-MEDIA; SPH; MODEL AB Srnoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) models were used to simulate multiphase flow in fractures with complex geometries. SPH a fully Lagrangian particle-based method that allows the dynamics of interfaces separating fluids to be modeled without employing complex front tracking schemes. In SPH simulations, the fluid density field is represented by a superposition of weighting functions centered on particles that represent the fluids. The pressure is related to the fluid density through an equation of state, and the particles move in response to the pressure gradient. SPH does not require the construction of grids that would otherwise introduce numerical dispersion. The model can be used to simulate complex multiphase flow phenomenon such as fluid-fluid displacement and phase separation. These processes are a severe challenge for grid-based methods. Surface tension and phase separation were simulated by using a van der Vaals equation of state and a combination of short-range repulsive and longer-range attractive interactions between fluid particles. The wetting behavior was simulated using similar interactions between mobile fluid particles and stationary boundary particles. The fracture geometry was generated from self-affine fractal surfaces. The fractal model was based on a large body of experimental work, which indicates that fracture surfaces have a self-affine fractal geometry character-zed by a material independent (universal) Hurst exponent of about 0.75. A detailed comparison between laboratory experiments and larger scale SPH simulations is needed to quantitatively validate the SPH models. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2025, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 621 EP 630 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900055 ER PT S AU Wu, YS AF Wu, YS BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI A unified numerical framework model for simulating flow, transport, and heat transfer in porous and fractured media SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Developments in Water Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SITE REMEDIATION; MULTIPHASE FLOW; CONTAMINATION AB It has long been recognized that common ground exists between the governing equations used for describing various flow and transport phenomena in porous media. Put another Way, them, are all generally based on the same form of mass and/or energy conservation laws. This implies that there may exist a unified formulation and numerical scheme applicable to modeling all of these physical processes. This paper explores such a possibility and proposes a generalized framework. as well as a mathematical formulation for modeling all known tansport phenomena in porous media. Based oil this framework. a unified numerical approach is developed and tested using multidimensional, multiphase flow. isothermal and nonisothermal reservoir simulators. In this approach, a spatial domain of interest is discretized with an unstructured grid, then a time discretization is carried out with a backward, first-order, finite-difference method. The final discrete nonlinear equations are handled fully implicitly, using Newton iteration. In addition, fracture media are handled rising a general dual-continuum concept with continuum or discrete modeling methods. A number of applications are discussed to demonstrate that with this unified approach, modeling a particular porous-medium How and transport process simply becomes a matter of defining a set of state variables, along with their interrelations or mutual influence. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5648 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 645 EP 658 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900057 ER PT S AU Xiu, D Tartakovsky, DM AF Xiu, D Tartakovsky, DM BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Uncertainty quantification for flow in highly heterogeneous porous media SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; MODELING UNCERTAINTY; EQUATIONS AB Natural porous media are highly heterogeneous and characterized by parameters that are often uncertain due. to the lack of sufficient data. This uncertainty (randomness) occurs on a multiplicity of scales. We focus on geologic formations with the two dominant scales of uncertainty: a large-scale uncertainty in the spatial arrangement of geologic facies and a small-scale uncertainty in the parameters within each facies. We propose an approach that combines random domain decompositions (RDD) and polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) to account for the large- and small-scales of uncertainty, respectively. We present a general framework and use a one-dimensional flow example to demonstrate that our combined approach provides robust, non-perturbative approximations for the statistics of the system states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modelling & Anal Grp T7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xiu, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modelling & Anal Grp T7, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 695 EP 703 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900061 ER PT S AU Fang, YL Yabusaki, SB Yeh, GT AF Fang, YL Yabusaki, SB Yeh, GT BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI A generic reaction-based biogeochemical simulator SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth AB This paper presents a generic biogeochemical simulator, BIOGEOCHEM. The simulator can read a thermodynamic database based on the EQ3/EQ6 database. It can also read user-specified equilibrium and kinetic reactions (reactions not defined in the format of that in EQ3/EQ6 database) symbolically. BIOGEOCHEM is developed with a general paradigm. It overcomes the requirement in most available reaction-based models that reaction,, and rate laws be specified in a limited number of canonical forms. The simulator interprets the reactions and rate laws of virtually any type for input to the MAPLE symbolic mathematical software package. MAPLE then generates Fortran code for the analytical Jacobian matrix used in the Newton-Raphson technique, which is compiled and linked into the BIOGEOCHEM executable. With this feature, the users are exempted from recoding the simulator to accept new equilibrium expressions or kinetic rate laws. Two examples are used to demonstrate the new features of the simulator. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fang, YL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Fang, Yilin/J-5137-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 869 EP 878 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900076 ER PT S AU Carle, SF Tompson, AFB McNab, WW Esser, BK Hudson, GB Moran, JE Beller, HR Kane, SR AF Carle, SF Tompson, AFB McNab, WW Esser, BK Hudson, GB Moran, JE Beller, HR Kane, SR BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Simultion of nitrate biogeochemistry and reactive transport in a California groundwater basin SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB Nitrate is the number one drinking water contaminant in the United States. It is pervasive in surface and groundwater systems, and principal anthropogenic sources have increased dramatically in the last 50 years. In California alone, one third of the public drinking-water wells has been lost since 1988 and nitrate contamination is the most common reason for abandonment. Effective nitrate management in groundwater is complicated by uncertainties related to multiple point and non-point sources, hydrogeologic complexity, geochemical reactivity, and quantification of denitrification processes. In this paper, we review an integrated experimental and simulation-based framework being developed to study the fate of nitrate in a 25 km-long groundwater subbasin south of San Jose. California, a historically agricultural area now undergoing rapid urbanization with increasing demands for groundwater. The modeling approach is driven by a need to integrate new and archival data that support the hypothesis that nitrate fate and transport at the basin scale is intricately related to hydrostratigraphic complexity, variability of flow paths and groundwater residence times, microbial activity, and multiple geochemical reaction mechanisms. This study synthesizes these disparate and multi-scale data into a three-dimensional and highly resolved reactive transport modeling framework. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carle, SF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, L-208,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 903 EP 914 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900079 ER PT S AU Kanney, JF AF Kanney, JF BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of radionuclide transport in a fractured dolomite formation SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID TRACER TESTS; MASS-TRANSFER AB The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is located in southeastern New Mexico and has been developed by, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the geologic disposal of transuranic waste. The disposal horizon of the WIPP is approapproximately 655 below, the ground surface in the Salado Formation of the Delaware Basin. DOE must submit a Compliance Recertification Application (CRA) for the WIPP to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) every five years. As part of the 2004 CRA, DOE will submit a performance assessment that estimates potential radionuclide releases from the repository for the regulatory period of 10,000 years after closure. Numerical simulation cf groundwater flow and radionuclide transport in the Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation are part of the PA calculations. The Culebra is located above the Salado and is of particular importance to the CRA because it is the most transmissive Unit above the repository and would provide the most significant groundwater pathway for radicnuclide migration in the unlikely event of inadvertent human intrusion of the repository. The cumulative release of radionuclides through the Culebra to the WIPP boundary (the "accessible environment") is estimated using secotp2d, a two-dimensional dual porosity transport code developed to simulate radionuclide transport through fractured porous media. The secotp2d code assumes a parallel plate type fracturing where fluid flow, is restricted to the advective continuum (fractures) and mass is transferred between the advective and diffusive (matrix) continua via molecular diffusion. Retardation is permitted in both the advective and diffusive domains assuming lineal. equilibrium isotherms. Radioactive decay is accounted for through the use of multiple straight decay chains. Uncertain input to the transport code includes the nonuniform flow field, advective and diffusive domain porosides, diffusive matrix block length, climate index, radionuclide oxidation state, and radionuclide distribution coefficients. The transport modeling exercise involves calculating releases over the 10,000-year period for 100 input vectors constructed via a Latin hypercube,percube sampling. A sensitivity analysis is performed to ascertain which uncertain model inputs have the greatest effect on predicted releases. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Kanney, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs Grp, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1027 EP 1039 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900089 ER PT S AU Vesselinov, VV AF Vesselinov, VV BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Estimation of parameter uncertainty using inverse model sensitivities SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth AB Forward model sensitivities are commonly applied to evaluate the uncertainty in model parameter estimates obtained through inverse analysis. In this case, the forward sensitivity (Jacobian) matrix is applied to compute an approximate representation of the covariance matrix of inverse parameter estimates. However, this approach can produce biased estimates of the covariance matrix because it does not account accurately for correlations between uncertainty of calibration targets and estimates. Typically, these correlations are non-linear and depend on the spatial and temporal structure of inverse targets and estimated parameters. A better but much more computationally intensive method to measure parameter uncertainty, which we call the inverse-sensitivity approach, directly evaluates the sensitivity of inverse estimates of model parameters with respect to the calibration targets. Further, we can evaluate the sensitivity of model predictions based on inverse model parameter estimates with respect to the calibration targets. The proposed methodology can also be applied to problems such as estimation of predictive uncertainty, optimization of data collection strategies, and design of monitoring networks. Its implementation can be performed efficiently through parallelization. Results based on a simple groundwater flow in-verse problem are presented to illustrate the basis for the method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vesselinov, VV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1243 EP 1250 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900106 ER PT S AU Lu, ZM Higdon, D Zhang, DX AF Lu, ZM Higdon, D Zhang, DX BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI A Markov chain Monte Carlo method for the groundwater inverse problem SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID HYDRAULIC-HEAD; GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; STEADY-STATE; FLOW; TRANSMISSIVITY; FIELDS AB In this study, we develop a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC) to estimate the hydraulic conductivity field conditioned on the direct measurements of hydraulic conductivity and indirect measurements of dependent variables such as hydraulic head for saturated flow in randomly heterogeneous porous media. The log hydraulic conductivity field is represented (parameterized) by the combination of some basis kernels centered at fixed spatial locations. The prior distribution for the vector of coefficients theta are taken from a posterior distribution pi(theta vertical bar d) that is proportional to the product of the likelihood function of measurements d given parameter vector theta and the prior distribution of theta. Starting from any initial setting, a partial realization of a Markov chain is generated by updating only one component of theta at a time according to Metropolis rules. This ensures that output from this chain has pi(theta vertical bar d) as its stationary distribution. The posterior mean of the parameter theta (and thus the mean log hydraulic conductivity conditional to measurements on hydraulic conductivity, and hydraulic head) can be estimated from the Markov chain realizations (ignoring some early realizations). The uncertainty associated with the mean field can also be assessed from these realizations. In addition, the MCMC approach provides an alternative for estimating conditional predictions of hydraulic head and concentration and their associated uncertainties. Numerical examples for flow in a hypothetic random porous medium show that estimated log hydraulic conductivity field from the MCMC approach is closer to the original hypothetical random field than those obtained using kriging or cokriging methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES 6, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lu, ZM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES 6, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1273 EP 1283 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900109 ER PT S AU Tartakovsky, DA Guadagnini, A Sanchez-Vila, X Dentz, M Carrera, J AF Tartakovsky, DA Guadagnini, A Sanchez-Vila, X Dentz, M Carrera, J BE Miller, CT Farthing, MW Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI A perturbation solution to the transient Henry problem for seawater intrusion SO Computational Methods in Water Resources, Vols 1 and 2 SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 13-17, 2004 CL Chapel Hill, NC SP Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Public Hlth ID SALTWATER INTRUSION; POSITION; FRONT; MODEL AB Henry's formulation of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers consists of a fully coupled system of flow and transport equations with variable density. While the Henry problem often serves as a benchmark for numerical codes, the accuracy of the existing analytical solutions is hard to gauge. We use a perturbation expansion in a small parameter. the ratio between the densities of sealvater and freshwater, to derive an analytical solution for the transient Henry problem, which describes the saline intrusion caused by a sudden change in fresh groundwater discharge. This approach is effective for other variable density flow scenarios, since it allows one to decouple the flow and transport equations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Math Modeling & Anal Grp, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dentz, Marco/C-1076-2015; OI Dentz, Marco/0000-0002-3940-282X; Sanchez-Vila, Xavier/0000-0002-1234-9897 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-51769-3 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2004 VL 55 BP 1573 EP 1581 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Water Resources SC Mathematics; Water Resources GA BCE93 UT WOS:000228987900134 ER PT S AU Luszczek, P Dongarra, J AF Luszczek, P Dongarra, J BE Bubak, M DickVanAlbada, G Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Design of interactive environment for numerically intensive parallel linear algebra calculations SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Springer Verlag ID SOFTWARE AB We focus our attention in this article on how to provide parallel numerical linear algebra capabilities to Problem Solving Environments. Instead of describing a particular implementation, we present an exploration of the design space and consequences of particular design choices. We also show tests of a prototype implementation of our ideas with emphasis on the performance perceived by the end user. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luszczek, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22129-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3039 BP 270 EP 277 PN 4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAO62 UT WOS:000223079700035 ER PT S AU Samulyak, R Lu, T Prykarpatskyy, Y AF Samulyak, R Lu, T Prykarpatskyy, Y BE Bubak, M DickVanAlbada, G Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Direct and homogeneous numerical approaches to multiphase flows and applications SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Springer Verlag ID INTERFACE TRACKING; BUBBLY LIQUIDS; GAS-BUBBLES; SIMULATION; WAVES; PHASE AB We have studied two approaches to the modeling of bubbly and cavitating fluids. The first approach is based on the direct numerical simulation of gas bubbles using the interface tracking technique. The second one uses a homogeneous description of bubbly fluid properties. Two techniques are complementary and can be applied to resolve different spatial scales in simulations. Numerical simulations of the dynamics of linear and shock waves in bubbly fluids have been performed and compared with experiments and theoretical predictions. Two techniques are being applied to study hydrodynamic processes in liquid mercury targets for new generation accelerators. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Samulyak, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rosamu@bnl.gov; tlu@sunysb.edu; yarpry@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22129-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3039 BP 653 EP 660 PN 4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAO62 UT WOS:000223079700084 ER PT S AU Shadwick, BA AF Shadwick, BA BE Bubak, M DickVanAlbada, G Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Teaching scientific computing SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Springer Verlag AB We consider the wide scale use of computers in scientific research and the implications for the educational curriculum. We examine the practice of scientific computing from the perspective of obtaining robust numerical results. We explore the philosophy underlying this process and isolate the essential elements. We discuss in detail practices that are designed to minimize the likelihood of errors and also survey a set of supporting skills. Throughout, examples are used to illustrate the key ideas. C1 Inst Adv Phys, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. LBNL, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shadwick, BA (reprint author), Inst Adv Phys, 10875 US Hwy 285,Suite 199, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. EM BAShadwick@IAPhysics.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22129-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3039 BP 1234 EP 1241 PN 4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAO62 UT WOS:000223079700160 ER PT S AU Singhal, M Stephan, EG Klicker, KR Trease, LL Chin, G Gracio, DK Payne, DA AF Singhal, M Stephan, EG Klicker, KR Trease, LL Chin, G Gracio, DK Payne, DA BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Enabling systems biology: A scientific problem-solving environment SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag AB Biologists today are striving to solve multidisciplinary, complex systems biology questions. To successfully address these questions, software tools must be created to allow scientists to capture data and information, to share this information, and to analyze the data as elements of a complete system. At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, we are creating the Computational Cell Environment, a biology-centered collaborative problem-solving environment with the goal of providing data retrieval, management, and analysis through all aspects of biological study. A horizontal prototype called SysBioPSE, demonstrates this vision. Our initial work is centered on developing the Distributed Data Management and Analysis subsystem, which is a specific tool for retrieving data from multiple heterogeneous data stores, providing storage facilities that support pedigree tracking and data and information analysis under a common user interface. With time, many such individual subsystems will be developed and integrated to fulfill the Computational Cell Environment vision. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Singhal, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM Mudita.Singhal@pnl.gov; Eric.Stephan@pnl.gov; Kyle.Klicker@pnl.gov; Lynn.Trease@pnl.gov; George.Chin@pnl.gov; Debbie.Graio@pnl.gov; Debbie.Payne@pnl.gov OI Stephan, Eric/0000-0002-8155-6806 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22115-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3037 BP 540 EP 547 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAG06 UT WOS:000222045500068 ER PT S AU Bernholdt, DE AF Bernholdt, DE BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI High-performance parallel and distributed scientific computing with the common component architecture SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bernholdt, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bernholdtde@orn1.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900001 ER PT S AU Huang, L Chapman, B Liu, Z Kendall, R AF Huang, L Chapman, B Liu, Z Kendall, R BE Bubak, M VanAlbada, GD Sloot, PMA Dongarra, JJ TI Efficient translation of OpenMP to distributed memory SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE - ICCS 2004, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Krakow, POLAND SP Hewlett-Packard, Intel, SGI, ATM, Sun Microsyst, IBM, Polish Airlines LOT, ACC CYFRONET AGH, Inst Comp Sci AGH, Polish Minist Sci Res & Informat Technol, Spring Verlag AB The shared memory paradigm provides many benefits to the parallel programmer, particular with respect to applications that are hard to parallelize. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficient implementations of OpenMP for distributed memory platforms and this greatly diminishes its usefulness for real world parallel application development. In this paper we introduce a basic strategy for implementing OpenMP on distributed memory systems via a translation to Global Arrays. Global Arrays is a library of routines that provides many of the same features as OpenMP yet targets distributed memory platforms. Since it enables a reasonable translation strategy and also allows precise control over the movement of data within the resulting code, we believe it has the potential to provide higher levels of performance than the traditional translation of OpenMP to distributed memory via software distributed shared memory. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM leihuang@cs.uh.edu; chapman@cs.uh.edu; zliu@cs.uh.edu; rickyk@ameslab.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22116-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3038 BP 408 EP 413 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAG08 UT WOS:000222048900054 ER PT J AU Puso, MA Laursen, TA AF Puso, MA Laursen, TA TI A mortar segment-to-segment contact method for large deformation solid mechanics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite elements; mortar method; contact; large deformation ID FORMULATION; IMPACT AB Contact modeling is still one of the most difficult aspects of non-linear implicit structural analysis. Most 3D contact algorithms employed today use node-on-segment approaches for contacting dissimilar meshes. Two pass node-on-segment contact approaches have the well known deficiency of locking due to over-constraint. In this work, we develop and demonstrate a segment-to-segment contact approach based on the mortar method. By eliminating the over-constraint, this method appears to be much more robust than the node-on-segment approach. Furthermore, node-on-segment approaches suffer when individual nodes slide out of contact at contact surface boundaries or when contacting nodes slide from facet to facet. This causes jumps in the contact forces due to the discrete nature of the constraint enforcement and difficulties in convergence for implicit solution techniques. These jumps in forces are avoided in the segment-to-segment approach, since penetration is measured by the occluded weighted volume which varies smoothly with perturbations. Until now, all mortar schemes have been developed for small deformation/sliding and have mainly been applied on flat surfaces. Here we will present the integration scheme and the linearization approach used for handling the contact surface integrals in the event of large sliding. The schemes are designed to conserve linear momentum and can be applied to arbitrarily curved 3D surfaces. Although expensive, our numerical examples demonstrate that the approach is far more robust than even smoothed node-on-segment contact techniques. That is, problems previously not solvable with node-on-segment can now be solved with our segment-to-segment contact. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Computat Mech Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Puso, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM puso@llnl.gov OI Laursen, Tod/0000-0003-4704-7730 NR 18 TC 142 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 6-8 BP 601 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.10.010 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 774JH UT WOS:000188976000008 ER PT J AU Garimella, RV Shashkov, MJ Knupp, PM AF Garimella, RV Shashkov, MJ Knupp, PM TI Triangular and quadrilateral surface mesh quality optimization using local parametrization SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE unstructured surface mesh; triangles; quadrilaterals; numerical optimizations; element quality; Jacobian condition number; reference Jacobian matrices ID GENERATION; STRATEGIES AB A procedure is presented to improve the quality of surface meshes while maintaining the essential characteristics of the discrete surface. The surface characteristics are preserved by repositioning mesh vertices in a series of element-based local parametric spaces such that the vertices remain on the original discrete surface. The movement of the mesh vertices is driven by a non-linear numerical optimization process. Two optimization approaches are described, one which improves the quality of elements as much as possible and the other which improves element quality but also keeps the new mesh as close as possible to the original mesh. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garimella, RV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rao@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov; pknupp@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 9-11 BP 913 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.08.004 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 800IV UT WOS:000220022900011 ER PT J AU Sulsky, D Kaul, A AF Sulsky, D Kaul, A TI Implicit dynamics in the material-point method SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE implicit; Newton-Krylov; conjugate-gradient; GMRES; material-point method ID IN-CELL METHOD; FLUID; FLIP; FLOW AB A time-implicit discretization is derived and validated for the material-point method (MPM). The resulting nonlinear, discrete equations are solved using Newton's method combined with either the conjugate gradient method or the generalized minimum residual method. These Newton-Krylov solvers are implemented in a matrix-free fashion for numerical efficiency. A description of the algorithms and evaluation of their performance is presented. On all test problems, if the time step is chosen appropriately, the implicit solution technique is more efficient than an explicit method without loss of desired features in the solutions. In a dramatic example, time steps 10,000 times the explicit step size are possible for the large deformation compression of a cylindrical billet at 1.2% the computational cost. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sulsky, D (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM sulsky@math.unm.edu NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 12-14 BP 1137 EP 1170 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.011 PG 34 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 808FQ UT WOS:000220555400011 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Kotta, V Lu, H Wang, D Moldovan, D Wolf, D AF Chen, JS Kotta, V Lu, H Wang, D Moldovan, D Wolf, D TI A variational formulation and a double-grid method for meso-scale modeling of stressed grain growth in polycrystalline materials SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Meshfree method; reproducing kernel approximation; grain growth; grain boundary migration; microstructure evolution ID KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CELLULAR STRUCTURES; BOUNDARY MIGRATION; 2 DIMENSIONS; EVOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DIFFUSION; KINETICS AB A deterministic approach for meso-scale modeling of grain growth in stressed polycrystalline materials based on the principle of virtual power is presented. The variational equation is formulated based on the power balance of the system associated with grain boundary surface tension and curvature, rate of strain energy stored in each grain, strain energy density jump across the grain boundaries, and external work rate. The numerical solution of stressed grain growth variational equation requires discretization of grain interiors and grain boundaries. This cannot be effectively modeled by Lagrangian, Eulerian, or Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian finite element method if grain boundary migration (moving interfaces) and topological changes of grain boundary geometry are considered. This paper presents a double-grid method to resolve the above mentioned difficulty. In this approach, the material grid points carry material kinematic variables, whereas the grain boundary grid points carry grain boundary kinematic variables. The material domain is discretized by a moving least squares reproducing kernel approximation with strain discontinuity enrichment across the grain boundaries. The grain boundaries, on the other hand, are discretized by the standard finite elements. An interface enrichment function to accurately capture strain jump conditions across the grain boundaries is introduced. A reproducing kernel approximation that includes the periodicity of the unit cell in the construction of reproducing kernel shape function for material velocity is also presented. This proposed double-grid method allows modeling of arbitrary evolution of grain boundaries without remeshing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jschen@seas.ucla.edu RI Wang, Dongdong/B-5181-2010 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 12-14 BP 1277 EP 1303 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.020 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 808FQ UT WOS:000220555400018 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Gunzburger, MD Shadid, JN AF Bochev, PB Gunzburger, MD Shadid, JN TI On inf-sup stabilized finite element methods for transient problems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE time-dependent stokes equations; weak form; coercivity; stabilized finite element methods; multiple time scales ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; STOKES PROBLEM; FORMULATION; SPACE; ORDER AB We consider the behavior of inf-sup stabilization in the context of transient problems with multiple time scales. Our motivation for studying this setting is provided by reacting flows problems for which small time steps are necessary in the integration process. We show that for algorithms defined through a process wherein spatial and temporal discretizations are separated, the coupling of implicit time integration with spatial inf-sup stabilization may lead to anomalous pressure behavior, including the onset of spurious oscillations, for very small time steps. Effectively, this coupling introduces a stability criterion resulting in a dependence between the spatial grid size and the time step. We illustrate our theoretical results by numerical examples that demonstrate the stability criterion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bochev, PB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu; jnshadi@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 15-16 BP 1471 EP 1489 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.034 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 813TZ UT WOS:000220930700009 ER PT J AU Wagner, GJ Karpov, EG Liu, WK AF Wagner, GJ Karpov, EG Liu, WK TI Molecular dynamics boundary conditions for regular crystal lattices SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; boundary conditions; multiple scale simulations; generalized Langevin equation ID LANGEVIN EQUATION APPROACH; NUMERICAL INVERSION; SURFACE SCATTERING; SIMULATIONS; TRANSFORM AB We present a method for deriving molecular dynamics boundary conditions for use in multiple scale simulations that can be applied at a planar boundary for any solid that has a periodically repeating crystal lattice. The method is based on a linearization in the vicinity of the boundary, and utilizes a Fourier and Laplace transforms in space and time to eliminate the degrees of freedom associated with atoms outside the boundary. This method is straightforward to implement numerically, and thus can be automated for a general crystal lattice. We show that this method reproduces the known kernel for a ID linear chain, and apply the approach to obtain the damping kernel matrices for two real crystal lattices: the graphene and diamond structures of carbon. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Mech, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Liu, WK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Mech, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM gjwagne@sandia.gov; ekarpov@northwestern.edu; w-liu@northwestern.edu RI Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015 NR 9 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 17-20 BP 1579 EP 1601 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.012 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 814IR UT WOS:000220968900003 ER PT J AU Qian, D Wagner, GJ Liu, WK AF Qian, D Wagner, GJ Liu, WK TI A multiscale projection method for the analysis of carbon nanotubes SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiscale analysis; carbon nanotubes; nanomechanics; virtual atom cluster; meshfree method ID KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; MANY-BODY FORCES; BRUGGER ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; QUASI-CONTINUUM MODELS; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; DISLOCATION JUNCTIONS; LENGTH SCALES; ATOMIC-SCALE; DEFORMATION; CRYSTALS AB The main objective of this paper is to develop a multiscale method for the analysis of carbon nanotube systems. The multiscale coupled governing equations are first derived based on a multiscale partiton, which consists of a coarse scale component represented by meshfree approximation, and a fine scale component to be resolved from molecular dynamics. It is noted that the coarse scale representation is present in the entire domain of the problem, and coexists with the fine scale representation in the enriched region. Using the projection properties of the partition, the decoupled non-linear set of equations are obtained and solved iteratively using Newton's method. In this multiscale analysis, a virtual atom cluster (VAC) model is also proposed in the coarse scale treatment. This model does not involve a stress update scheme employing the Cauchy-Born hypothesis, which has been widely used in the crystal elasticity theory. Finally. to approximate a curved surface at the nanoscale, meshfree approximations are introduced to interpolate a single layer of atoms. Unlike traditional shell or continuum elements, the geometric constraint is only imposed in two dimensions. The high order continuity property of the meshfree shape functions guarantees an accurate description of the geometry and thus the energy of the atomic bond. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are illustrated in the post-buckling analysis of carbon nanotube structures. To our knowledge, this is the first multiscale post-buckling analysis presented for such a nanoscale system. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Qian, D (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM doiig.qian@uc.edu; gjwagne@sandia.gov; w-liu@northwestern.edu RI Qian, Dong/B-2326-2008; Liu, Wing/B-7599-2009; Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015 OI Qian, Dong/0000-0001-9367-0924; NR 64 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 17-20 BP 1603 EP 1632 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.016 PG 30 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 814IR UT WOS:000220968900004 ER PT J AU Fang, H Horstemeyer, MF Baskes, MI Solanki, K AF Fang, H Horstemeyer, MF Baskes, MI Solanki, K TI Atomistic simulations of Bauschinger efrects of metals with high angle and low angle grain boundaries SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE atomistic simulations; nanoscale; Bauschinger; embedded atom method ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; LATTICE-DEFECTS; SHEET METALS; FCC METALS; HYDROGEN; NICKEL AB In this paper. we examined Bauschinger effects in nickel single crystals and nickel containing arrays of high angle or low angle grain boundaries under shear deformation using molecular dynamics with embedded atom method (EAM) potentials. In order to take into account dislocation nucleation under different boundary conditions and their effects on the stress-strain relationship, two limiting constraints were used to both high angle and low angle grain boundaries: fixed end on all sides and free ends on all sides. Stress-strain curves were then compared under these two boundary conditions for three cases: single crystal, high angle grain boundary arrays, and low angle grain boundary arrays. In each of the three cases, loading was reversed at different strain levels after yield and Bauschinger effects were examined on all the scenarios. The simulation results were also compared with macroscopic mechanics ideas for both high angle and low angle grain boundaries. The Bauschinger effect was found to be the largest for the case of high angle boundaries and the lowest for the single crystal. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, POB 9627, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mfhorst@me.msstate.edu RI Solanki, Kiran/E-8337-2010; OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 17-20 BP 1789 EP 1802 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.052 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 814IR UT WOS:000220968900012 ER PT J AU Martinez, MJ Gartling, DK AF Martinez, MJ Gartling, DK TI A finite element method for low-speed compressible flows SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Japan-United States Symposium on Flow Simulation and Modeling CY MAY 29-31, 2002 CL Kyushu, Japan DE finite element; acoustically filtered; non-Boussinesq ID BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; THERMAL CONVECTION; NATURAL-CONVECTION; NUMBER; DRIVEN; FLUID AB The derivation and justification for various low-speed approximations to the fully compressible, Navier-Stokes equations are presented. A numerical formulation based on the finite element method is developed and implemented as an extension to the standard Boussinesq equations. Example steady and transient flow problems are simulated to examine the performance of the numerical algorithm and the solution differences with the more commonly studied Boussinesq approximation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gartling, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dkgartl@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 21-22 BP 1959 EP 1979 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.049 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 815XD UT WOS:000221074100004 ER PT J AU Bochev, PB Gunzburger, MD Shadid, JN AF Bochev, PB Gunzburger, MD Shadid, JN TI Stability of the SUPG finite element method for transient advection-diffusion problems SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE advection-diffusion problems; stabilized finite element methods; Petrov-Galerkin methods; generalized trapezoidal rule ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; FORMULATION AB Implicit time integration coupled with SUPG discretization in space leads to additional terms that provide consistency and improve the phase accuracy for convection dominated flows. Recently, it has been suggested that for small Courant numbers these terms may dominate the streamline diffusion term. ostensibly causing destabilization of the SUPG method. While consistent with a straightforward finite element stability analysis, this contention is not supported by computational experiments and contradicts earlier Von-Neumann stability analyses of the semidiscrete SUPG equations. This prompts us to re-examine finite element stability of the fully discrete SUPG equations. A careful analysis of the additional terms reveals that, regardless of the time step size, they are always dominated by the consistent mass matrix. Consequently, SUPG cannot be destabilized for small Courant numbers. Numerical results that illustrate our conclusions are reported. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu; jnshadi@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 23-26 BP 2301 EP 2323 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.01.026 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 818WI UT WOS:000221274800011 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV White, DW AF Nukala, PKVV White, DW TI A mixed finite element for three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of steel frames SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mixed finite element; three-dimensional nonlinear analysis; steel frames ID LARGE-DISPLACEMENT ANALYSIS; CURVED BEAM ELEMENTS; THIN-WALLED FRAMES; HELICOIDAL APPROXIMATION; LIMITATION PRINCIPLES; COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS; QUASISTATIC PROBLEMS; NATURAL FORMULATION; DEFORMATION-THEORY; ELASTIC-SYSTEMS AB This paper develops and demonstrates a mixed beam finite element that can represent the inelastic three-dimensional stability behavior of frames composed of open-walled cross-section members. The kinematics of deformation of the element include finite rotation and warping of the cross-section due to torsion. The material inelasticity is based oil a two-space model that includes the effect of shear stresses due to uniform torsion in addition to normal stresses due to axial force, biaxial bending, and bimoment. Initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses are accommodated. The formulation is based oil a two-field (displacement and generalized stress) Hellinger-Reissner (HR) variational principle. The interpolation of the generalized stresses (i.e., cross-section stress resultants) along the element length is based oil the geometrically-exact nonlinear governing differential equations of equilibrium. This leads to significant improvements in the accuracy over conventional displaceinent-based elements in problems involving highly nonlinear variations in the curvature along the member lengths due to geometric nonlinearity and/or distributed plasticity effects. Several numerical examples involving two- and three-dimensional elastic and inelastic stability behavior are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the formulation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 64 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 23-26 BP 2507 EP 2545 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.01.029 PG 39 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 818WI UT WOS:000221274800019 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Govindjee, S Klein, PA Gao, H AF Nguyen, TD Govindjee, S Klein, PA Gao, H TI A rate-dependent cohesive continuum model for the study of crack dynamics SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic fracture; nonlinear viscoelasticity; cohesive model; crack propagation; internal bond model ID FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; GROWTH; VISCOELASTICITY; LOCALIZATION; INSTABILITY; PROPAGATION; POLYMERS; SOLIDS; WAVES AB A rate-dependent cohesive continuum model is developed to represent material particles interacting in a viscous medium. Interactions between material particles are modeled using a cohesive force law while microstructural resistance to relaxation is represented by a phenomenological continuum viscosity function. The model exhibits two failure mechanisms, elastic bond breaking and viscous weakening, which combine to induce rate dependence in the cohesive strength, fracture energy, and cohesive state wave speed. The model is used to simulate dynamic crack propagation. Results display rate-dependent terminal speeds which correspond to the cohesive strength and not to the local driving force; thus supporting the local limiting speed hypothesis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Mech & Computat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Phys, Dept Theory Mesoscop Phenomena, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Div Mech & Computat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM thao@stanford.edu RI Govindjee, Sanjay/B-6886-2008; Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010; Gao, Huajian/F-9360-2010 OI Govindjee, Sanjay/0000-0003-0711-3633; Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583; NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 30-32 BP 3239 EP 3265 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.09.024 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 836FK UT WOS:000222540900006 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV White, DW AF Nukala, PKVV White, DW TI Variationally consistent state determination algorithms for nonlinear mixed beam finite elements SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE variationally consistent state determination; nonlinear mixed beam finite elements ID ASSUMED STRAIN METHODS; INCOMPATIBLE MODES; ELASTOPLASTICITY; EQUIVALENCE AB This paper presents and evaluates several variationally consistent state determination algorithms for geometric and material nonlinear beam finite elements based on the Hellinger-Reissner (FIR) assumed stress variational principle. The specifically targeted element type is derived from the two-field (displacement and generalized stress) form of this principle. Momentum balance and strain compatibility are expressed in a weak-form, and the constitutive equations are satisfied directly at each integration point (i.e., section) along the element length. A specific formulation of one element of this type is presented in a companion paper. Interelement compatibility is not enforced in the dual (stress resultant) variables for this element, and thus various state determination algorithms can be formulated at the local (i.e., element and section) levels. Four state determination algorithms, referred to as the L-L, L-N, N-L and N-N procedures, are considered. The first symbol in these names indicates the element level and the second denotes the section level. Furthermore, the symbol N indicates that local nonlinear iteration is performed prior to returning to the higher level, whereas the symbol L indicates that only the linearized equations are satisfied at the corresponding local level. The L-L algorithm corresponds to conventional Newton iteration on both the element and section levels, whereas the N-N algorithm entails the iterative satisfaction of the nonlinear element compatibility and section constitutive equations for each global iteration. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated and compared. It is found that the algorithms in which the local nonlinear strain-displacement compatibility conditions are solved iteratively at the element level for every global iteration lead to fewer global iterations at the expense of iterations at the element level. In particular, the N-N algorithm, is overall the most efficient of the four algorithms for the problems tested. Also, the N N algorithm has substantially smaller element storage requirements. The N-N algorithm is expected to be particularly advantageous for cases in which a large number of elements remain elastic and inelasticity is concentrated in a few elements. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP White, DW (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 33-35 BP 3647 EP 3666 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.01.027 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 843IX UT WOS:000223073300010 ER PT J AU Li, C Borja, RI Regueiro, RA AF Li, C Borja, RI Regueiro, RA TI Dynamics of porous media at finite strain SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamics; porous media; finite strain ID NON-LINEAR CONSOLIDATION; ELASTOPLASTIC CONSOLIDATION; ELEMENT ANALYSIS; VARIATIONAL FORMULATION; MODEL; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; TISSUES; SCHEMES; IMPLEMENTATION AB We present a finite element model for the analysis of a mechanical phenomenon involving dynamic expulsion of fluids from a fully saturated porous solid matrix in the regime of large deformation. Momentum and mass conservation laws are written in Lagrangian form by a pull-back from the current configuration to the reference configuration following the solid matrix motion. A complete formulation based on the motion of the solid and fluid phases is first presented; then approximations are made with respect to the material time derivative of the relative flow velocity vector to arrive at a so-called (v,p)-formulation, which is subsequently implemented in a finite element model. We show how the resulting finite element matrix equations can be consistently linearized, using a compressible neo-Hookean hyper-elastic material with a Kelvin solid viscous enhancement for the solid matrix as a test function for the nonlinear constitutive model. Numerical examples are presented demonstrating the significance of large deformation effects on the transient dynamic responses of porous structures, as well as the strong convergence profile exhibited by the iterative algorithm. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Sci Based Mat Modeling, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM borja@stanford.edu OI Regueiro, Richard/0000-0002-1669-1753 NR 60 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 36-38 BP 3837 EP 3870 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.02.014 PG 34 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 853IS UT WOS:000223821100004 ER PT J AU Margolin, LG Shashkov, M AF Margolin, LG Shashkov, M TI Remapping, recovery and repair on a staggered grid SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE remapping; ALE methods; high speed flows ID EULERIAN-COMPUTING-METHOD; FLOW SPEEDS; ADVECTION AB An accurate remapping algorithm is an essential component of many arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods. In previous work, we have described a local remapping algorithm for a positive cell-centered scalar function that is second-order accurate, conservative, and sign preserving. However remapping in the context of high speed flow introduces new issues, which include the consistent treatment of the kinetic and internal energies, compatible remapping of mass and momentum on the staggered mesh, and the generalization from sign preservation to monotonicity preservation. We describe a remap strategy that deals with each of these issues. Although the theoretical development of this strategy is intricate, the resulting scheme is both simple to implement and efficient. We provide numerical examples to illustrate the individual steps of the remap and its overall performance. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Margolin, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS-B218, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM len@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 39-41 BP 4139 EP 4155 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.07.016 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 856BI UT WOS:000224018200005 ER PT J AU Puso, MA Laursen, TA AF Puso, MA Laursen, TA TI A mortar segment-to-segment frictional contact method for large deformations SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE finite elements; mortar method; contact; large deformation; friction ID FORMULATION; IMPACT AB Contact modeling is still one of the most difficult aspects of non-linear implicit structural analysis. Most 3D contact algorithms employed today use node-on-segment approaches for contacting dissimilar meshes. Two pass node-on-segment contact approaches have the well known deficiency of locking due to over-constraint. Furthermore, node-on-segment approaches suffer when individual nodes slide out of contact at contact surface boundaries or when contacting nodes slide from facet to facet. This causes jumps in the contact forces due to the discrete nature of the constraint enforcement and difficulties in convergence for implicit solution techniques. In a previous work [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., in press], we developed a segment-to-segment contact approach based on the mortar method that was applicable to large deformation mechanics. The approach proved extremely robust since it eliminated the over-constraint which caused "locking" and provided smooth force variations in large sliding. Here, we extend this previous approach in [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., in press] to treat frictional contact problems. The proposed approach is then applied to several challenging frictional contact problems which demonstrate its effectiveness. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Computat Mech Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Puso, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM puso@llnl.gov; laursen@duke.edu OI Laursen, Tod/0000-0003-4704-7730 NR 20 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 45-47 BP 4891 EP 4913 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2004.06.001 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 869UW UT WOS:000225010900008 ER PT J AU Buehler, MJ Hartmaier, A Gao, HJ Duchaineau, M Abraham, FF AF Buehler, MJ Hartmaier, A Gao, HJ Duchaineau, M Abraham, FF TI Atomic plasticity: description and analysis of a one-billion atom simulation of ductile materials failure SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE atomistic; molecular-dynamics; work-hardening; collective behavior; materials failure; continuum; plasticity ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DISCRETE DISLOCATION ANALYSIS; CRACK-TIP; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; THIN-FILMS; CONTINUUM; NUCLEATION; SCALE; FRACTURE; COMPUTER AB Large scale atomic simulations are becoming an increasingly important tool in modeling deformation and failure mechanisms of materials. Here we describe and analyze a recent one-billion-atom simulation of ductile materials failure [PNAS 99 (9) (2002) 57831 where the complexity of creation and collective behavior of thousands of dislocations are revealed, for the first time, from atomic to submicron length scales. The amount of information that can be extracted from such large-scale simulations is truly overwhelming, and graphic visualization of dynamic dislocation motion and interactions are breathtaking. We present some of our preliminary analysis of the one-billion-atom simulation which indicates several interesting and unique features characterizing interactions among a large number of dislocations. A sessile defect structure is observed to develop on the time scale of several picoseconds, effectively locking further dislocation motion and causing the material to work harden. We make analysis of the activated slip systems, the dislocation reactions leading to rigid junctions and the formation of sessile defect structure. In order to render the present study more comprehensive to the readers from a continuum plasticity background and stimulate further interests in this area of research, we also include some brief reviews of some of the previous studies as well as commonly used simulation, visualization and analysis techniques on atomistic modeling of dislocation plasticity. Finally, we discuss possible ways to link continuum mechanics theories of plasticity with atomistic simulation results via the dislocation density tensor. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. IBM Res Div, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM hjgao@mf.mpg.de RI Buehler, Markus/C-4580-2008; Gao, Huajian/F-9360-2010; Hartmaier, Alexander/O-2087-2013 OI Buehler, Markus/0000-0002-4173-9659; Hartmaier, Alexander/0000-0002-3710-1169 NR 88 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 EI 1879-2138 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 48-51 BP 5257 EP 5282 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2003.12.066 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 876EK UT WOS:000225478800009 ER PT J AU Creighton, SL Regueiro, RA Garikipati, K Klein, PA Marin, EB Bammann, DJ AF Creighton, SL Regueiro, RA Garikipati, K Klein, PA Marin, EB Bammann, DJ TI A variational multiscale method to incorporate strain gradients in a phenomenological plasticity model SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE variational multiscale method; strain gradient; phenomenological plasticity model ID MACROMECHANICAL CONTINUUM FORMULATION; SIZE-DEPENDENT PLASTICITY; DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; THERMODYNAMICS; LOCALIZATION; DEFORMATION; BOUNDARIES; SOLIDS; SCALE AB We treat mathematical and computational issues related to the incorporation of strain gradient terms in a phenomenological plasticity model. The strain gradients are associated with incompatibilities due to geometrically necessary dislocations, and are quantified by the Nye dislocation density tensor. When incorporated within a flow rule for the plastic strain rate, this tensor fundamentally alters the mathematical structure of the theory. Several computational complexities also arise as a result. These problems are posed in the setting of a variationally-based multiscale method. It allows the circumvention of some of the mathematical and computational difficulties associated with this model. The phenomenological plasticity model, its enhancement by strain gradients, formulation within a multiscale context and two numerical examples are presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Garikipati, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, 2778 Brown Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM krishna@engin.umich.edu OI Regueiro, Richard/0000-0002-1669-1753 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2004 VL 193 IS 48-51 BP 5453 EP 5475 DI 10.1016/j.cma.20004.02.021 PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 876EK UT WOS:000225478800017 ER PT S AU Baker, C Debrunner, C Mahfouz, M Hoff, W Bowen, J AF Baker, C Debrunner, C Mahfouz, M Hoff, W Bowen, J BE Sonka, M Kakadiaris, IA Kybic, J TI CT from an unmodified standard fluoroscopy machine using a non-reproducible path SO COMPUTER VISION AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computer Vision Approaches to Medical Image Analysis (CVAMIA)/Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis (MMBIA) held in conjunction with the 8th ECCV CY MAY 15, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC ID CONE-BEAM RECONSTRUCTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; ALGEBRAIC METHODS; ALGORITHM; INVERSION; GEOMETRY; CIRCLE AB 3D reconstruction from image data is required in many medical procedures. Recently, the use of fluoroscopy data to generate these 3D models has been explored. Most existing methods require knowledge of the scanning path either from precise hardware, or pre-calibration procedures. We propose an alternative of obtaining this needed pose information without the need of additional hardware or pre-calibration so that many existing fluoroscopes can be used. Our method generates 3D data from fluoroscopy collected along a non-repeatable path using cone-beam tomographic reconstruction techniques. The novelty of our approach is its application to imagery from existing fluoroscopic systems that are not instrumented to generate pose information or collect data along specific paths. Our method does not require additional hardware to obtain the pose, but instead gathers the needed object to camera pose information for each frame using 2D to 3D model matching techniques [1-3]. Metallic markers are attached to the object being imaged to provide features for pose determination. Given the pose, we apply Grangeat's cone-beam reconstruction algorithm to recover the 3D data. In developing this approach, several problems arose that have not been addressed previously in the literature. First, because the Radon space sampling is different for each scan, we cannot to take advantage of a known Radon space discretization. Therefore we have developed a matching score that will give the best Radon plane match for the resampling step in Grangeat's approach [4]. Second, although we assume Tuy's condition [5] is satisfied, there are sometimes data gaps due to discretization. We have developed a method to correct for these gaps in the Radon data. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baker, C (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22675-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3117 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBA12 UT WOS:000224372600002 ER PT S AU Berg, E Mahfouz, M Debrunner, C Hoff, W AF Berg, E Mahfouz, M Debrunner, C Hoff, W BE Sonka, M Kakadiaris, IA Kybic, J TI A 2D Fourier approach to deformable model segmentation of 3D medical images SO COMPUTER VISION AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computer Vision Approaches to Medical Image Analysis (CVAMIA)/Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis (MMBIA) held in conjunction with the 8th ECCV CY MAY 15, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC AB Anatomical shapes present a unique problem in terms of accurate representation and medical image segmentation. Three-dimensional statistical shape models have been extensively researched as a means of autonomously segmenting and representing models. We present a segmentation method driven by a statistical shape model based on a priori shape information from manually segmented training image sets. Our model is comprised of a stack of two-dimensional Fourier descriptors computed from the perimeters of the segmented training image sets after a transformation into a canonical coordinate frame. We apply our shape model to the segmentation of CT and MRI images of the distal femur via an original iterative method based on active contours. The results from the application of our novel method demonstrate its ability to accurately capture anatomical shape variations and guide segmentation. Our quantitative results are unique in that most similar previous work presents only qualitative results. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Berg, E (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22675-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3117 BP 181 EP 192 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BBA12 UT WOS:000224372600016 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Security training and awareness-fitting a square peg in a round hole SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2004.01.002 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200001 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI US federal-industry security alliance SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200003 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI New US bill to tighten security of electronic voting systems SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2004.01.004 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200002 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Survey reveals huge differences in approaches to security across Europe SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200005 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Cybersecurity bill opposed by business SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200004 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Member of Senator Hatch's staff put on leave during hacking investigation SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200006 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Cybercrime arrests and convictions on the rise SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200007 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Operation cyber sweep targets on-line fraud SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200008 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Legitimate music swapping tried at universities SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200009 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Security issues keep Microsoft in the spotlight SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200010 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Success stories in dealing with spam and malware SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200011 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Cisco, anti-virus software companies team to protect networks SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200012 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI NEC preinstalls security software SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200013 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI New IJK anti-spam law goes into effect SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200014 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Concerns over spyware grow SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 2004 VL 23 IS 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 776MF UT WOS:000189119200015 ER PT B AU Hughes, HG Prael, RE AF Hughes, HG Prael, RE GP OECD TI Modelling charged-particle energy-loss straggling SO COMPUTING RADIATION DOSIMETRY - CRD 2002, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computing Radiation Dosimetry (CRD 2002) CY JUN 22-23, 2002 CL Inst Tecnol Nucl, Sacavem, PORTUGAL SP OECD NEA Nucl Sci Comm HO Inst Tecnol Nucl ID VAVILOV DISTRIBUTION; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATION AB We present the current forms of the algorithms used to model collisional energy-loss straggling for electrons and for heavy charged particles in MCNP5 and MCNPX. We also describe a recent improvement in the logic for applying the straggling models for heavy charged particles, and show illustrative results for the improved logic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hughes, HG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X5, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10823-8 PY 2004 BP 207 EP 216 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAT90 UT WOS:000223535100012 ER PT B AU McKinney, GW Hendricks, JS Waters, LS Prettyman, TH AF McKinney, GW Hendricks, JS Waters, LS Prettyman, TH GP OECD TI Using MCNPX for space applications SO COMPUTING RADIATION DOSIMETRY - CRD 2002, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Computing Radiation Dosimetry (CRD 2002) CY JUN 22-23, 2002 CL Inst Tecnol Nucl, Sacavem, PORTUGAL SP OECD NEA Nucl Sci Comm HO Inst Tecnol Nucl ID INTRANUCLEAR-CASCADE CALCULATION AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory Monte Carlo N-Particle, eXtended-energy radiation transport code MCNPX [1] is rapidly becoming an international standard for a wide spectrum of high-energy radiation transport applications. One such application includes the study of gamma rays produced by cosmic-ray interactions within a planetary surface. Such studies can be used to determine surface elemental composition. This paper presents various MCNPX enhancements that make these gamma ray spectroscopy (GRS) simulations possible, gives elemental spectra results for a specific lunar material, provides a comparison between various high-energy physics models and shows results of an elemental least squares analysis using Lunar Prospector measurements. C1 LANL, Nucl Syst Design & Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McKinney, GW (reprint author), LANL, Nucl Syst Design & Anal Grp, POB 1663 MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-10823-8 PY 2004 BP 235 EP 246 PG 12 WC Biophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAT90 UT WOS:000223535100014 ER PT S AU Joslyn, C AF Joslyn, C BE Wolf, KE Pfeiffer, HD Delugach, HS TI Poset ontologies and concept lattices as semantic hierarchies SO CONCEPTUAL SRUCTURES AT WORK, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 2004) CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Huntsville, AL AB We describe some aspects of our research in relational knowledge discovery and combinatorial scientific computing [11], with special emphasis on the relation to the research portfolio of the conceptual structures community. We have recently been developing [10,12] a combinatorial approach to the management and analysis of large ontologies such as the Gene Ontology (GO) [6]. Our approach depends on casting the GO as a labeled partially ordered set (poset) [16], and then using scores based on pseudo-distance measures which we have developed to categorize lists of labels (in the case of the GO, genes and gene products) concerning their clustering and depth within the GO. We hold that such taxonomic semantic hierarchies serve as the core conceptual structures underlying all ontological databases, and through this work we have developed a number of what we believe to be both fundamental and novel ideas about treating such large posets as data objects, in particular the nature of distance in such structures, and the nature of level as an interval-valued property. After laying out this basic framework, we can then bring these ideas to a particular kind of poset, namely the concept lattice [5]. Considering a concept lattice as a poset, we are then prepared to develop techniques for anomaly detection in relational data by measuring the relative level of concepts vs. their cardinalities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Joslyn, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joslyn@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-22392-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2004 VL 3127 BP 287 EP 302 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BAM62 UT WOS:000222847200019 ER PT J AU Padial-Collins, NT VanderHeyden, WB Zhang, DZ Dendy, ED Livescu, D AF Padial-Collins, NT VanderHeyden, WB Zhang, DZ Dendy, ED Livescu, D TI Parallel operation of CartaBlanca on shared and distributed memory computers SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE Java; scientific computing; parallel computation ID JAVA; SYSTEM AB We describe the parallel performance of the pure Java CartaBlanca code on heat transfer and multiphase fluid flow problems. CartaBlanca is designed for parallel computations on partitioned unstructured meshes. It uses Java's thread facility to manage computations on each of the mesh partitions. Inter-partition communications are handled by two compact objects for node-by-node communication along partition boundaries and for global reduction calculations across the entire mesh. For distributed calculations, the JavaParty package from the University of Karlsruhe is demonstrated to work with CartaBlanca. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Comp Sci Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Padial-Collins, NT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B251, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Livescu, Daniel/0000-0003-2367-1547 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 1 BP 61 EP 77 DI 10.1002/cpe.747 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 757UN UT WOS:000187580000003 ER PT B AU Scheitrum, G Caryotakis, G Burke, A Jensen, A Jongewaard, E Krasnykh, A Neubauer, M Phillips, R Rauenbuehler, K AF Scheitrum, G Caryotakis, G Burke, A Jensen, A Jongewaard, E Krasnykh, A Neubauer, M Phillips, R Rauenbuehler, K BE Thumm, M Wiesbeck, W TI W-band sheet beam klystron-design SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2004 JOINT 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 17-OCT 01, 2004 CL Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Res Ctr, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, ITG Soc, VDE HO Univ Karlsruhe ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB Sheet beam devices provide important advantages for very high power, narrow bandwidth RF sources like accelerator klystrons [1]. Reduced current density and increased surface area result in increased power capability, reduced magnetic fields for focusing and reduced cathode loading. These advantages are offset by increased complexity, beam formation and transport issues and potential for mode competition in the overmoded cavities and drift tube. This paper will describe the design issues encountered in developing a 100 kW peak and 2 kW average power sheet beam klystron at W-band including beam formation, beam transport, circuit design, circuit fabrication and mode competition. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Scheitrum, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 33, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8490-3 PY 2004 BP 525 EP 526 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBN34 UT WOS:000226274600235 ER PT B AU Singleton, J Ardavan, A Ardavan, H Fopma, J Halliday, D Hayes, W AF Singleton, J Ardavan, A Ardavan, H Fopma, J Halliday, D Hayes, W BE Thumm, M Wiesbeck, W TI Experimental demonstration of emission from a superluminal polarization current - a new class of solid-state source for MHz-TRz and beyond SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2004 JOINT 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 17-OCT 01, 2004 CL Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Res Ctr, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, ITG Soc, VDE HO Univ Karlsruhe ID ROTATING DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AB We describe the Polarization Synchrotron, an experimental implementation of a superluminal (faster than light in vacuo) polarization current distribution that both oscillates and undergoes centripetal acceleration. The prototype machine produces tightly-beamed monochromatic radiation in the 100s of MHz range. The technique should also have applications as a broad-band GHz-THz source. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, TA35,MSE536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8490-3 PY 2004 BP 591 EP 592 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBN34 UT WOS:000226274600268 ER PT B AU Neil, GR AF Neil, GR CA JLab Team BE Thumm, M Wiesbeck, W TI High power subpicosecond THz and IR production SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2004 JOINT 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 17-OCT 01, 2004 CL Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Res Ctr, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, ITG Soc, VDE HO Univ Karlsruhe C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8490-3 PY 2004 BP 593 EP 594 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBN34 UT WOS:000226274600269 ER PT B AU Vlieks, AE Caryotakis, G DeStefano, C Frederick, WJ Heritage, JP Luhmann, NC Martin, D AF Vlieks, AE Caryotakis, G DeStefano, C Frederick, WJ Heritage, JP Luhmann, NC Martin, D BE Thumm, M Wiesbeck, W TI Development of a monochromatic X-ray source SO CONFERENCE DIGEST OF THE 2004 JOINT 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES AND 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TERAHERTZ ELECTRONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 29th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics CY SEP 17-OCT 01, 2004 CL Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Res Ctr, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, ITG Soc, VDE HO Univ Karlsruhe AB Using a Laser-driven RF gun to generate a sub-picosecond electron beam, a monochromatic, tunable X-ray source has been developed and is currently under test. We will describe the design details and computer simulations used in developing the RF gun as well as the complete beam line. The Gun performance measurements will be presented along with experimental results of the complete X-ray source. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Vlieks, AE (reprint author), SLAC, MS-33,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8490-3 PY 2004 BP 615 EP 616 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BBN34 UT WOS:000226274600280 ER PT S AU Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM Du, Z AF Ozpineci, B Tolbert, LM Du, Z GP ieee TI Multiple input converters for fuel cells SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID MULTILEVEL; INVERTER AB Multilevel converters have been used previously to integrate several fuel cell modules for higher power applications. Some previous publications have also shown improvements in fuel cell utilization by exploiting the static characteristics of fuel cells which show more than a 30% difference in the output voltage between no-load to full-load conditions. This paper first describes standard fuel cell power electronics interfaces, then reviews a few of the multi input systems and explores additional configurations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM burak@ieee.org; tolbert@utk.edu; zduI@utk.edu OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 791 EP 797 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600114 ER PT S AU Su, GJ AF Su, GJ GP ieee TI Multilevel DC link inverter SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE multilevel inverter; cascaded half-bridge; diode-clamped; flying capacitor; multilevel dc link; reduced part count AB This paper presents a new class of multilevel inverters based on a multilevel dc link (MLDCL) and a bridge inverter to reduce the number of switches, clamping diodes or capacitors. An MLDCL can be a diode-clamped phase leg, a flying capacitor phase leg, or cascaded half-bridge cells with each cell having its own dc source. A multilevel voltage source inverter can be formed by connecting one of the MLDCLs with a single-phase bridge inverter. The MLDCL provides a dc voltage with the shape of a staircase approximating the rectified shape of a commanded sinusoidal wave, with or without pulse width modulation, to the bridge inverter, which in turn alternates the polarity to produce an ac voltage. Compared with the cascaded H-bridge, diode-clamped and flying-capacitor multilevel inverters, the MLDCL inverters can significantly reduce the switch count as the number of voltage levels increases. For a given number of voltage levels, m, the required number of active switches is 2x(m-1) for the existing multilevel inverters but is m+3 for the MLDCL inverters. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the operating principles of the MLDCL inverters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 806 EP 812 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600116 ER PT S AU Chinthavali, MS Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B AF Chinthavali, MS Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B GP ieee TI 4H-SiC GTO thyristor and p-n diode loss models for HVDC converter SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: COVERING THEORY TO PRACTICE SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc ID POWER DEVICES AB The increase in use of power electronics in transmission and distribution applications is the driving force for development of high power devices. Utility applications like FACTS and HVDC require cost effective and highly efficient converters with high power ratings. SiC power devices have some exceptional physical properties that make them highly reliable at high power, high temperature, and high frequencies. This paper presents the modeling of temperature dependent 4H-SiC GTO thyristor and p-n diode loss models. The conduction and switching losses of the devices for various operating conditions have been simulated and compared for SiC and Si devices. These loss models are integrated with an HVDC transmission system to study the effect of Si and SiC devices on the system in terms of system efficiency and system cost management. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. EM chinthavalim@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu; burak@ieee.org OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-8486-5 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2004 BP 1238 EP 1243 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBE71 UT WOS:000225148600181 ER PT S AU Doser, AB Merkle, PB AF Doser, AB Merkle, PB BE Matthews, MB TI A self organizing map approach to physiological data analysis for enhanced group performance SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-EIGHTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL Pacific Grove, CA AB A Self Organizing Map (SOM) approach was used to analyze physiological data taken from a group of subjects participating in a cooperative video shooting game. The ultimate aim was to discover signatures of group cooperation, conflict, leadership, and performance. Such information could be fed back to participants in a meaningful way, and ultimately increase group performance in national security applications, where the consequences of a poor group decision can be devastating. Results demonstrated that a SOM can be a useful tool in revealing individual and group signatures from physiological data, and could ultimately be used to heighten group performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doser, AB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-8622-1 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2004 BP 756 EP 759 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BBS96 UT WOS:000227655300145 ER PT J AU Stock, SR Ignatiev, K Lee, PL Abbott, K Pachman, LM AF Stock, SR Ignatiev, K Lee, PL Abbott, K Pachman, LM TI Pathological calcification in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM): MicroCT and synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveal hydroxyapatite with varied microstructures SO CONNECTIVE TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE calcinosis; hydroxyapatite; juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM); MicroCT; X-ray diffraction ID ABSORPTION MICROTOMOGRAPHY MICROCT; CHILDHOOD DERMATOMYOSITIS; INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES; TNF-ALPHA-308A ALLELE; LYTECHINUS-VARIEGATUS; DETECTOR SYSTEMS; CHILDREN; POLYMYOSITIS; ASSOCIATION; DISTORTIONS AB The objective of this study was to begin to relate the microstructure of calcinosis samples to clinical and laboratory characteristics of the juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. Laboratory x-ray microCT (micro-Computed Tomography) noninvasively mapped microstructure for the first time in JDM calcifications. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction (transmission geometry) identified the mineral phase and crystallite size in the deposits. Samples were obtained from four children who had active JDM longer than 80 months and who were typed for TNFalpha-308 allele polymorphisms. Uniform mineral (giving the appearance of an extruded solid) was observed in one patient, and irregular blocks of differing sizes filled the samples from two other patients. The sample from the fourth patient appeared to combine features of the other two types. These spatial distributions of mineral were quite different from those in a bone reference sample. The only mineral observed in the JDM samples was hydroxyapatite (HAP), and the diffraction peaks of the JDM samples were slightly narrower than those of a trabecular bone reference sample. Diffraction peak widths of the JDM specimens revealed crystallite sizes (similar to220-240 Angstrom) that are comparable to values reported in the literature for bone. Three children were positive for TNFalpha-308 GA polymorphism. The data suggest several possible origins for blocky vs. uniform structure of the JDM calcifications, including differences in duration of untreated inflammation, in TNFalpha-308 polymorphism, and in mechanical constraint at the calcification site. Information from additional samples is required to determine the relative role of each of these factors. Taken together, non-invasive microCT and x-ray diffraction characterization on the same samples offer an informative window into the dystrophic mineralization process in JDM. C1 Northwestern Univ, IBNAM, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, XOR, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Mem Inst Educ & Res, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Stock, SR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, IBNAM, Ward 13-130,303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM s-stock@northwestern.edu NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0300-8207 J9 CONNECT TISSUE RES JI Connect. Tissue Res. PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4-5 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1080/03008200490903066 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Orthopedics SC Cell Biology; Orthopedics GA 897XX UT WOS:000227041300007 PM 15763934 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE Gherghetta, T TI Conformal symmetry as a template for QCD SO Continuous Advances in QCD 2004, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on the Continuous Advances in QCD CY MAY 13-16, 2004 CL William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN HO William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota ID PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS; PINCH TECHNIQUE; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; EFFECTIVE CHARGES; ANGLE SCATTERING; SCALING LAWS; TAU-DECAYS; ONE-LOOP; QUARK AB Conformal symmetry is broken in physical QCD; nevertheless, one can use conformal symmetry as a template, systematically correcting for its nonzero beta function as well as higher-twist effects. For example, commensurate scale relations which relate QCD observables to each other, such as the generalized Crewther relation, have no renormalization scale or scheme ambiguity and retain a convergent perturbative structure which reflects the underlying conformal symmetry of the classical theory. The "conformal correspondence principle" also dictates the form of the expansion basis for hadronic distribution amplitudes. The AdS/CFT correspondence connecting superstring theory to superconformal gauge theory has important implications for hadron phenomenology in the conformal limit, including an all-orders demonstration of counting rules for hard exclusive processes as well as determining essential aspects of hadronic light-front wavefunctions. Theoretical and phenomenological evidence is now accumulating that QCD couplings based on physical observables such as tau decay become constant at small virtuality; i.e., effective charges develop an infrared fixed point in contradiction to the usual assumption of singular growth in the infrared. The near-constant behavior of effective couplings also suggests that QCD can be approximated as a conformal theory even at relatively small momentum transfer. The importance of using an analytic effective charge such as the pinch scheme for unifying the electroweak and strong couplings and forces is also emphasized. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-072-6 PY 2004 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.1142/9789812702326_0003 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI98 UT WOS:000229611000003 ER PT B AU Diakonov, D AF Diakonov, D BE Gherghetta, T TI Quark structure of chiral solitons SO Continuous Advances in QCD 2004, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on the Continuous Advances in QCD CY MAY 13-16, 2004 CL William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN HO William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota ID N-C LIMIT; SKYRME MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; BARYONS AB There is a prejudice that the chiral soliton model of baryons is something orthogonal to the good old constituent quark models. In fact, it is the opposite: the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in strong interactions explains the appearance of massive constituent quarks of small size thus justifying the constituent quark models, in the first place. Chiral symmetry ensures that constituent quarks interact very strongly with the pseudoscalar fields. The "chiral soliton" is another word for the chiral field binding constituent quarks. We show how the old SU(6) quark wave functions follow from the "soliton", however, with computable relativistic corrections and additional quark-antiquark pairs. We also find the 5-quark wave function of the exotic baryon Theta(+). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Diakonov, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Diakonov, Dmitri/F-2450-2012 OI Diakonov, Dmitri/0000-0003-4334-2513 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-072-6 PY 2004 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1142/9789812702326_0018 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI98 UT WOS:000229611000018 ER PT B AU Kharzeev, DE AF Kharzeev, DE BE Gherghetta, T TI Nuclear physics at small X SO CONTINUOUS ADVANCES IN QCD 2004, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on the Continuous Advances in QCD CY MAY 13-16, 2004 CL William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN HO William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; SEMIHARD PROCESSES; ELLIPTIC FLOW; SATURATION AB Some of the recent work on the theory of nuclear processes at high energies and small Bjorken x is reviewed, with an emphasis on the physics of nucleus-nucleus and hadron-nucleus collisions. In particular, we discuss the influence of parton saturation in the Color Glass Condensate on the nuclear dependence of hard processes, approach to thermalization and the recent insights on the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11777 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11777 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-072-6 PY 2004 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1142/9789812702326_0024 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI98 UT WOS:000229611000024 ER PT B AU Diakonov, D AF Diakonov, D BE Gherghetta, T TI Quantum weights of monopoles and calorons with non-trivial holonomy SO Continuous Advances in QCD 2004, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on the Continuous Advances in QCD CY MAY 13-16, 2004 CL William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN HO William I Fine Theoret Phys Inst, Univ Minnesota ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GAUGE-THEORIES; INSTANTONS AB Functional determinant is computed exactly for quantum oscillations about periodic instantons with non-trivial values of the Polyakov line at spatial infinity (or holonomy). Such instantons can be viewed as composed of the Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfeld (BPS) monopoles or dyons. We find the weight or the probability with which dyons occur in the pure Yang-Mills partition. function. It turns out that dyons experience quantum interactions having the familiar "linear plus Coulomb" form but with the "string tension" depending on the holonomy. We present an argument that at temperatures below the critical one computed from Delta(QCD), trivial holonomy becomes unstable, with instantons "ionizing" into separate dyons. It may serve as a microscopic mechanism of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Diakonov, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Diakonov, Dmitri/F-2450-2012 OI Diakonov, Dmitri/0000-0003-4334-2513 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-256-072-6 PY 2004 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1142/9789812702326_0032 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BCI98 UT WOS:000229611000032 ER PT S AU Saraf, L Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Wang, CM Koch, KT Andreasen, JA Marina, O Zhang, Y AF Saraf, L Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Wang, CM Koch, KT Andreasen, JA Marina, O Zhang, Y BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Watkins, JJ TI Oxygen diffusivity and defect transport in pure and Yb doped nano-crystalline ceria SO CONTINUOUS NANOPHASE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Continuous Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID IONIC-CONDUCTION; OXIDE; TECHNOLOGIES; CEO2-X AB Oxygen (O-18) diffusivity in sol-gel synthesized nano-crystalline ceria films of average grain size of 3 mn and 7 nm, annealed at 300 degreesC and 450 degreesC for one hour respectively is examined by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). Diffusivity and electrical transport properties measured by a. c. impedance spectroscopy were compared with microcrystalline ceria film of average grain size 38 nm annealed at 900 degreesC for one hour. Effect of enhanced oxygen diffusion along with reduced ionic transport in nano-crystalline ceria and reduced oxygen diffusion along with enhanced ionic transport in microcrystalline ceria are correlated to long range ordering, grain boundary scattering and defect density. Enhancement in the conductivity with reduction in activation energy from 1 eV to 0.5 eV in the case 4 atom% ytterbium (Yb) doped ceria compared to pure ceria is a result of increased oxygen vacancies taking part in the defect transport. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-726-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 788 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY95W UT WOS:000189504600016 ER PT S AU Wang, CM Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y Baer, DR Thomas, LE Thevuthasan, S AF Wang, CM Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y Baer, DR Thomas, LE Thevuthasan, S BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Watkins, JJ TI Microstructure of precipitated Au nanoclusters in TiO2 SO CONTINUOUS NANOPHASE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Continuous Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; TIO2(110); TITANIA AB Gold nanoclusters dispersed in single crystal TiO2 (110) have been formed by 2MeV Au2+ implantation to anion fluence of 1 x 10(17) cm(-2) at 300 K and 975 K followed by annealing at 1275 K for 10 hours. The morphological features, size and crystallographic orientation of the An nanoclusters with respect to the TiO2 matrix have been investigated using conventional transmission electron microscopy and electron diffractions. In particular, the interface structure between the An nanoclusters and TiO2 was investigated. Atomic structural model of interface between An and TiO2 was established based on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging and HRTEM image simulations. Two types of orientation relationship can be identified, Au<110>//TiO2[001] and Au {111}//TiO2(200), and Au<110>//TiO2[001] and Au {111}//TiO2(110). Au clusters are faceted along Au {112} and Au {111} or Au {220} and Au {002} planes. The precipitated Au clusters show extensive (111) twins. These orientation relationships are the same for Au clusters grown on TiO2 (110) surface, indicating that lowering interfacial energy to be a governing factor for setting the orientation relationship. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-726-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 788 BP 249 EP 253 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY95W UT WOS:000189504600037 ER PT S AU Dattelbaum, AM Amweg, ML Ruiz, JD Ecke, LE Shreve, AP Parikh, AN AF Dattelbaum, AM Amweg, ML Ruiz, JD Ecke, LE Shreve, AP Parikh, AN BE Komarneni, S Parker, JC Watkins, JJ TI Mechanism of surfactant removal from ordered nanocomposite silica thin films by deep-UV light exposure SO CONTINUOUS NANOPHASE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Continuous Nanophase and Nanostructured Materials held at the 2003 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 2003 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In recent years, methods have been developed for the generation of complex ordered nanocomposite materials through organic templating of inorganic structures. One approach involves preparation of composite materials by an evaporation induced self-assembly process involving organization of organic surfactants and formation of inorganic silica from soluble precursors. Recently, we have shown that deep-UV light (185-254nm) is efficient at removing the surfactant microphase for a routine production of well-ordered mesoporous silica thin films. Here we probe the evolution of surfactant removal from nanocomposite thin film silica mesophases as a function of deep-UV exposure using a combined application of FTIR and single wavelength ellipsometry. Taken together, these data indicate that surfactant removal occurs in a step-wise fashion with the formation of oxidized intermediates prior to complete removal of the surfactant from the thin film. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dattelbaum, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-726-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2004 VL 788 BP 371 EP 376 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BY95W UT WOS:000189504600056 ER PT J AU Riemann, J Borchardt, M Schneider, R Mutzke, A Rognlien, TD Umansky, M AF Riemann, J Borchardt, M Schneider, R Mutzke, A Rognlien, TD Umansky, M TI Navier-Stokes neutral and plasma fluid modelling in 3D SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE plasma edge; finite volume; neutral fluid; Navier-Stokes AB The 3D finite volume transport code BoRiS is applied to a system of coupled plasma and neutral fluid equations in a slab. Demonstrating easy implementation of new equations, a new parallel BoRiS version is tested on three different models for the neutral fluid-diffusive, parallel Navier-Stokes and full Navier-Stokes - and the results are compared to each other. Typical effects like density enhancement by ionization of recycled neutrals in front of a target plate can be seen and differences are linked to the neutral models in use. C1 EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Riemann, J (reprint author), EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Wendelsteinstr 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EM J.Riemann@ipp.mpg.de NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1002/ctpp.20041005 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900006 ER PT J AU Scott, HA Adams, ML AF Scott, HA Adams, ML TI Incorporating line radiation effects into edge plasma codes SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE divertor; ITER; line radiation; plasma transport; tokamak ID DIVERTOR PLASMAS; HYDROGEN AB Strong hydrogen line radiation can significantly affect the ionization and energy balance in high-density, low-temperature edge plasmas. A fully self-consistent one-dimensional simulation code integrating line radiation with edge plasma transport has recently been demonstrated. This code allows us to evaluate the use of approximate treatments of radiation effects that could potentially be incorporated into existing two-dimensional edge plasma codes. For a given approximation, we tabulate effective ionization, recombination and energy loss rates for hydrogen plasmas in a one-dimensional geometry as a function of electron density, temperature and position. The position is a simple parameterization corresponding to optical depth, with the correspondence dependent on plasma properties, including magnetic field. The parameterized values can differ by more than an order of magnitude from the optically thin values. We present one-dimensional edge plasma simulations using the parameterized tables and compare them to self-consistent simulations to investigate the validity of this approach, the effectiveness of the parameterization and the accuracy of the approximations used. We also present results using parameterized tables in a two-dimensional code and discuss the validity of applying them in this manner. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Scott, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hascott@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1002/ctpp.20041008 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900009 ER PT J AU Simakov, AN Catto, PJ AF Simakov, AN Catto, PJ TI Drift-ordered fluid equations for modelling collisional edge plasma SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE fluid equations; non-linear; drift ordering; edge plasma; turbulence ID REDUCED BRAGINSKII EQUATIONS AB The fluid description of collisional magnetized plasma by Braginskii is based on an ordering assuming the species flow velocities to be on the order of the ion thermal speed. This large flow assumption is normally not valid for plasma fusion devices in general and tokamak edge plasmas in particular. To remove this shortcoming Mikhailovskii and Tsypin developed a plasma fluid description assuming the flow velocities to be on the order of the diamagnetic drift velocities, which are smaller than the ion thermal speed. However, when deriving their equations Mikhailovskii and Tsypin missed important terms in their expressions for the species collisional viscous stress tensors. Starting from corrected Mikhailovskii-Tsypin fluid equations, we derive a system of non-linear reduced equations describing field-aligned fluctuations in low-beta collisional magnetized edge plasma; namely, equations for plasma density, electron and ion energies (or, equivalently, temperatures), parallel ion flow velocity, parallel current, vorticity (or, equivalently, electrostatic potential), perturbed parallel electromagnetic potential, and perturbed magnetic field. Our equations locally conserve particle number and total energy, and insure that perturbed magnetic field and total plasma current are divergence-free. In addition. while intended primarily for modelling plasma turbulence, they contain the neoclassical results for plasma current. parallel ion flow velocity, and parallel gradients of equilibrium electron and ion temperatures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Simakov, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM simakov@lanl.gov; catto@psfc.mit.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410012 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900013 ER PT J AU Xu, XQ Nevins, WM Cohen, RH Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV AF Xu, XQ Nevins, WM Cohen, RH Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV TI Correlation of density pedestal width and neutral penetration length SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE turbulence; transport; neutral; density pedestal AB Pedestal studies in DIII-D and MAST find good correlation between the width of the H-mode density barrier and the neutral penetration length [1, 2]. These results suggest that the width may be set by the combined effects of neutrals and plasma transport. This paper is a report on fluid simulations of boundary plasma using 14 the BOUT code[3] with a neutral source added. Thus both neutral and plasma physics are treated. The plasma transport is self-consistently driven by boundary turbulence due to the resistive X-point mode, while neutrals are described by a simple analytic model. The plasma profiles are evolved on the same time scale as the turbulence for the given heat source from the core plasma and particle source from the neutrals. For prescribed neutral profiles, we find the formation of a density pedestal inside the separatrix in the L-mode even though the calculated plasma diffusion coefficients are almost radially constant and without the formation of a temperature pedestal. These results support the hypothesis that particle fueling can provide the dominant control for the size of the H-mode density barrier. The width of the density barrier decreases as the pedestal density increases which is also consistent with experimental data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Xu, XQ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM xxu@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410015 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900016 ER PT J AU Cohen, RH Ryutov, DD AF Cohen, RH Ryutov, DD TI Sheath physics and boundary conditions for edge plasmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE boundary conditions; edge; sheath; plasma ID TILTED MAGNETIC-FIELD; WALL TRANSITION; BOHM CRITERION; CONVECTION; COLLISIONLESS; DIVERTOR; EQUATION; TOKAMAK; DRIFTS; LAYER AB The boundary conditions of mass, momentum, energy, and charge appropriate for fluid formulations of edge plasmas are surveyed. We re-visit the classic problem of 1-dimensional flow, and note that the "Bohm sheath criterion" is requirement of connectivity of the interior plasma with the external world, not the result of termination of the plasma by a wall. We show that the nature of the interior plasma solution is intrinsically different for ion sources that inject above and below the electron sound speed. We survey the appropriate conditions to apply, and resultant fluxes, for a magnetic field obliquely incident on a wall, including the presence of drifts and radial transport. We discuss the consequences of toroidal asymmetries in wall properties, as well as experimental tests of such effects. Finally, we discuss boundary-condition modifications in the case of rapidly varying plasma conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-630, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rcohen@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 EI 1521-3986 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410016 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900017 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Cohen, RH AF Ryutov, DD Cohen, RH TI Instability driven by sheath boundary conditions and limited to divertor legs SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE edge plasma; divertor; sheath boundary conditions ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT INSTABILITY; FLUTE-LIKE PERTURBATIONS; CONDUCTING END-WALLS; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; PLASMA CONVECTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB An instability driven by electron temperature gradient in combination with sheath boundary condition at the divertor plate is considered. A mode localized between the divertor plate and the X point is found. The further propagation of the mode is terminated by a strong shear near the X point. "Heuristic" boundary condition at the control surface situated somewhat below the X point is suggested. The mode manifests a strong dependence on the radial tilt of the divertor plate, thereby providing some degree of control over the plasma transport in the divertor leg. Estimates of the diffusion coefficient show that it may reach the Bohm value. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410023 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900024 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Rognlien, TD Xu, XQ Cohen, RH Nevins, WM AF Umansky, MV Rognlien, TD Xu, XQ Cohen, RH Nevins, WM TI Turbulence in the divertor region of tokamak edge plasma SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE edge plasma; turbulence simulations ID X-POINT; SIMULATIONS; GEOMETRY; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT AB Results of recent modeling of tokamak edge plasma with the turbulence code BOUT are presented. In previous studies with BOUT, the background profiles of plasma density and temperature were set as flux surface functions. However, in the divertor region of a tokamak, the temperature is typically lower and density is higher than those at the mid-plane. To account for this in the present study, a poloidal variation of background plasma density and temperature is included to provide a more realistic model. For poloidally uniform profiles of the background plasma, the calculated turbulence amplitude peaks near outer mid-plane, while in the divertor region the amplitude is small. However, present simulations show that as the background plasma profiles become more poloidally non-uniform, the amplitude of density fluctuations, hi, starts peaking in the divertor. It is found that in the divertor region the amplitude of n(i) fluctuations grows approximately linearly with the local density of the background plasma, n(io), while the amplitudes of T, and) fluctuations are positively correlated with the local electron temperature, T-eo. Correlation analysis shows that plasma turbulence above and below the x-point is largerly uncorrelated. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag, GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM umansky@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410025 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900026 ER PT J AU Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV Xu, XQ Cohen, RHC AF Rognlien, TD Umansky, MV Xu, XQ Cohen, RHC TI Self-consistent simulation of turbulence and transport in tokamak edge plasmas SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE Tokamak edge-plasma; fluid-plasma turbulence; edge-plasma transport AB The status of coupling the fluid 3D turbulence code BOUT and the fluid plasma/neutral 2D transport code UEDGE is reported, where both codes simulate the edge region of diverted tokamaks from several cm inside the magnetic separatrix to the far scrape-off layer (SOL), thereby including the magnetic X-point. Because the characteristic time scale of the turbulence is short (similar to 10(-5) - 10(-4) s) and the profile evolution time scale can be long (similar to 10(-2) - 10(-1) s owing to recycling), an iterative scheme is used that relaxes the turbulent fluxes passed from BOUT to UEDGE and the profiles from UEDGE to BOUT over many coupling steps. Each code is run on its own characteristic time scale, yielding a statistically averaged steady state. For this initial study, the ion and neutral densities and parallel velocities are evolved, while the temperature profiles are stationary. Here the turbulence code is run in the electrostatic approximation. For this example of self-consistent coupling with strong L-mode-like turbulence, the ion flux to the main-chamber exceeds that to the divertor plates. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rognlien, TD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM trognlien@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1002/ctpp.2004-10026 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900027 ER PT J AU Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI Rognlien, TD West, WP LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V AF Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI Rognlien, TD West, WP LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V TI Multi-fluid code simulations including anomalous non-diffusive transport of plasma and impurities in the tokamak SOL SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE tokamak; edge plasma; cross-field transport; impurity; anomalous convection; fluid modeling ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; ALCATOR C-MOD; DIII-D; INTERMITTENT CONVECTION; BOUNDARY AB Fast intermittent transport has been observed in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of major tokamaks including Alcator C-Mod, DIII-D, and NSTX. This kind of transport is not diffusive but rather convective. It strongly increases plasma flux to the chamber walls and enhances the recycling of neutral particles in the main chamber. We discuss the anomalous cross-field convection (ACFC) model for impurity and main plasma ions and its relation to intermittent transport events, i.e. plasma density blobs and holes in the SOL. Along with plasma diffusivity coefficients, our transport model introduces time-independent anomalous convective velocities across the confining magnetic field. In the discharge modeling, diffusivity coefficients and ACFC velocity profiles are adjusted to match a set of representative experimental data. We use this model in the edge plasma physics code UEDGE to simulate the multi-fluid two-dimensional transport for these three tokamaks. We present simulation results suggesting the dominance of anomalous convection in the far SOL transport. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the chamber wall is an important source of impurities and that different impurity charge states have different magnitude and sign of their anomalous radial convective velocities. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim C1 Univ Calif San Diego, MAE Ctr Energy Res, EB Unit 2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Res Ctr, IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pigarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, MAE Ctr Energy Res, EB Unit 2, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Stop 0417, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM apigarov@ferp.ucsd.edu RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012 OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 228 EP 234 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410033 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900034 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Minami, T Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, FJ Colgan, JP Loch, SD Griffin, DC Ballance, CP Badnell, NR Summers, HP AF Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Minami, T Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, FJ Colgan, JP Loch, SD Griffin, DC Ballance, CP Badnell, NR Summers, HP TI Computational atomic physics for plasma edge modeling SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE fusion; edge plasma; atomic data; electron collisions; heavy particle collisions ID PROTON-HYDROGEN COLLISIONS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SLOW COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; IONS AB Atomic processes play important roles in the physics of the edge plasma and in enabling diagnostics. In this paper we illustrate a number of recent projects undertaken to expand or remediate the existing atomic database required for modeling and related studies. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Rollins Coll, Dept Phys, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schultzd@ornl.gov RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410036 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900037 ER PT J AU Owen, LW Moiduszewski, PK AF Owen, LW Moiduszewski, PK TI A 1-D diffusive transport model for the density and temperature of edge neutrals SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE neutral transport; 1-diffusive model; neutral density; neutral temperature ID FLUID CODE; PLASMAS; TOKAMAK AB A one-dimensional (1-D) model of neutral transport in edge plasmas is shown to reproduce the results of Monte Carlo simulations for a variety of edge plasma profiles. The transport of hydrogenic atoms is assumed to be diffusive with a flux limit that depends on the neutral mean-free path and gradients of plasma density and ion temperature. The steady-state continuity equation and a simple first order equation for the energy transfer between ions and neutral atoms are solved for the neutral atom density and temperature along the normal to the recycling (source) surface. Based upon particle and energy reflection coefficients for carbon, recycling is simulated with fluxes of both energetic reflected atoms and desorbed molecules. Assuming convective transport with constant velocity, the continuity equation for molecules is solved for the molecular density, which is shown to agree with Monte Carlo if flux enhancement due to backscattered atoms is included. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Owen, LW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM owenlw@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410038 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900039 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Scott, HA AF Adams, ML Scott, HA TI Effect of hydrogen line radiation on the divertor target plate incident heat flux SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE divertor; ITER; line radiation; plasma transport; tokamak ID TOKAMAK EDGE PLASMAS; TRANSPORT AB Hydrogen resonance line radiation strongly interacts with the partially ionized plasma at the tokamak edge. As a result of these interactions, a nonlocal plasma energy transport channel opens, altering local atomic level populations by an order-of-magnitude, and affecting plasma transport. Understanding the effects of these interactions is essential to the design of future tokamak divertors, but previous models have not self-consistently treated this physical process. To model the interaction of hydrogen resonance photons with the plasma at the tokamak edge, a partially ionized plasma fluid transport code (PIP) has been developed and integrated into a nonlocal thermodynamics equilibrium (NLTE) code (CRETIN). The partially ionized plasma fluid transport model was derived from kinetic theory and includes the charge-exchange coupling of ions with neutral atoms, transport of internal atomic energy, as well as effective ionization, recombination, and energy loss rates determined by the NLTE model. We apply PIP and CRETIN to the modeling of an optically thick detached tokamak divertor both with and without the effects of line radiation interactions. While many characteristics of the detached divertor regime remain, e.g. the pressure drops in front of the target plate, several details change. Most importantly for the design of future divertors, line radiation interactions increase the divertor target plate incident plasma heat flux from 0.189 MW/m(2) to 0.436 MW/m(2). (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mladams@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410039 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900040 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP D'Ippolito, DA LeBlanc, B Maqueda, RJ Myra, JR Sabbagh, SA Zweben, SJ AF Stotler, DP D'Ippolito, DA LeBlanc, B Maqueda, RJ Myra, JR Sabbagh, SA Zweben, SJ TI Three-dimensional neutral transport simulations of gas puff imaging experiments SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices CY SEP 03-05, 2003 CL Univ Calif, San Diego, San Diego, CA SP UCSD, Engn Dept, Lawrence Livetmore Natl Lab, Off Fus Enegy, Dept Energy, Max-Planck Inst Plasma Phys HO Univ Calif, San Diego DE neutrals; simulation; plasma diagnostics ID TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB Gas Puff Imaging (GPI) experiments are designed to isolate the structure of plasma turbulence in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. Three-dimensional aspects of this diagnostic technique as used on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX) are examined via Monte Carlo neutral transport simulations. The radial width of the simulated GPI images are in rough agreement with observations. However, the simulated emission clouds are angled approximately 15degrees with respect to the experimental images. The simulations indicate that the finite extent of the gas puff along the viewing direction does not significantly degrade the radial resolution of the diagnostic. These simulations also yield effective neutral density data that can be used in an approximate attempt to infer 2-D electron density and temperature profiles from the experimental images. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Weinheim. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 2004 VL 44 IS 1-3 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1002/ctpp.200410045 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 818WJ UT WOS:000221274900046 ER PT B AU Wall, FD Martinez, MA Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Missert, N Copeland, RG AF Wall, FD Martinez, MA Johnson, CM Barbour, JC Missert, N Copeland, RG BE Buchheit, RG Kelly, RG Missert, NA Shaw, BA TI Does anything pin the pitting behavior of aluminum? SO CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF LIGHT METAL ALLOYS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Light Metal Alloys held at 204th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID LOCALIZED CORROSION; ALLOYS; INITIATION; INCLUSIONS; MICROSCOPY; CRACKING; COPPER; PHASE AB In this paper we present a statistical description for pit nucleation in high purity aluminum that is then used to determine the area dependence of pitting potential. For electrodes having an area less than or equal to 1.2e4 mum(2) pitting nucleates at apparently random locations. For larger electrodes spatially distributed defects are proposed to exist that have a higher germination rate than the remainder of the electrode material. Two systems are also explored where the pitting behavior may become pinned. When ion implantation is used to saturate the system with Cl, a scan rate dependence of pitting potential is always observed, independent of implant fluence. This result suggests that additional kinetically limited processes (e.g., film growth, ionic transport) must occur before a pit nucleates. The influence of secondary phase particles on pitting behavior is studied through the use of multi-electrode array samples. A minority of the electrodes exhibit net anodic behavior while the rest of the electrodes act as cathodes and show signs of significant cathodic attack at particle peripheries. Coupling the array to solutionized Al-0.2 Cu results in anodic pitting solely on the solutionized material, providing preliminary evidence that anodic pit nucleation may not be linked to the heterogeneous structure or reactions associated with secondary phase particles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wall, FD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-408-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 23 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAC09 UT WOS:000221516700001 ER PT B AU Johnson, CM Wall, FD Barbour, JC Martinez, MA AF Johnson, CM Wall, FD Barbour, JC Martinez, MA BE Buchheit, RG Kelly, RG Missert, NA Shaw, BA TI Using engineered aluminum oxides to decipher the role of Cl upon pit initiation SO CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF LIGHT METAL ALLOYS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Light Metal Alloys held at 204th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID CORROSION; IONS; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT AB High purity thin film Al samples were implanted with 35 keV Cl ions then polarized in a Cl-free electrolyte in order to ascertain corrosion behavior as a function of Cl content. Electrochemical data indicated implant fluences less than 2x10(16)cm(-2) resulted in little or no localized attack. Implant fluences between 3x10(16) and 7x10(16)cm(-2) resulted in pitting with the pitting potential decreasing with increasing implant fluence. Above 7x10(16)cm(-2) the pitting potential appears independent of increased Cl concentration, fluctuating around the saturated value. The rapid transformation with increasing fluence from no pitting through to a saturated behavior indicates the presence of a critical concentration. This corresponds to 1-3at.% Cl within the oxide. A depth profile of the Cl concentration with varying fluences indicates no major redistribution of Cl over the relevant fluence range. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Johnson, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-408-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 23 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAC09 UT WOS:000221516700002 ER PT B AU Missert, N Copeland, RG Kim, Y Buchheit, R AF Missert, N Copeland, RG Kim, Y Buchheit, R BE Buchheit, RG Kelly, RG Missert, NA Shaw, BA TI Real-time observation of localized pH changes during corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-t3 SO CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF LIGHT METAL ALLOYS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Light Metal Alloys held at 204th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID AL2CUMG AB Changes in solution pH during corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 in dilute, aqueous, near-neutral chloride environments were investigated using in-situ fluorescence microscopy. Although localized corrosion occurred at the majority of s-phase particles, pH changes were only observed at a minority of sites. Transient :solution acidity, consistent with particle de-alloying, was observed above a minority of isolated s-phase particles. Transient solution alkalinity was observed to be associated with a minority of particles or with isolated regions on the sample surface. The observation of transient alkalinity at one rite was often correlated with a high rate of pitting at a remote site, as evidenced by localized solution acidity and hydrogen evolution. These results suggest that, for the experimental conditions explored here, solution alkalinity develops in response to localized, accelerated attack at remote sites. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Missert, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-408-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 23 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAC09 UT WOS:000221516700007 ER PT B AU Isaacs, HS Haughton, A Shipley, AM Popenoe, H Karplus, E Lumsden, JB AF Isaacs, HS Haughton, A Shipley, AM Popenoe, H Karplus, E Lumsden, JB BE Buchheit, RG Kelly, RG Missert, NA Shaw, BA TI Direct image processing of corroding surfaces applied to friction stir welding SO CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF LIGHT METAL ALLOYS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Corrosion and Protection of Light Metal Alloys held at 204th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 12-17, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc ID CORROSION AB An in situ process for visually locating corrosion is presented. The process visually displays image differences obtained by subtracting one digitized image from another. The difference image shows only where changes have taken place during period between the recording of the two images. Changes are due to both corrosion attack of the surface and concentration changes of dissolved corrosion products in solution. Indicators added to the solution assist by decorating sites of corrosion as diffusion and convection of the dissolved products increase the size of the affected region. A study of the initial stages of corrosion of a friction stir welded Al alloy 7075 has been performed using this imaging technique. Pitting potential measurements suggest that there was an initial increased sensitivity to corrosion. The difference image technique demonstrated that it was due to a reformation of the passive film that occurs with Zn containing Al alloys which occurs preferentially along flow protected regions. The most susceptible region of the weld was found to be where both limited deformation and thermal transients are produced during welding. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-408-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2004 VL 2003 IS 23 BP 104 EP 110 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BAC09 UT WOS:000221516700011 ER EF