FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Braun-Munzinger, P Campagnolo, R Castillo, A Cherlin, A Darnjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Esumi, S Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabotos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kushpil, V Lenkeit, B Ludolphs, W Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Milov, A Miskowiec, D Musa, L Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Richter, M Sako, H Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Seipp, W Sharma, A Shimansky, S Slivova, J Specht, H Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Xie, W Yurevich, S Yurevich, V AF Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Braun-Munzinger, P Campagnolo, R Castillo, A Cherlin, A Darnjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Esumi, S Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabotos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kushpil, V Lenkeit, B Ludolphs, W Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Milov, A Miskowiec, D Musa, L Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Richter, M Sako, H Schmitz, W Schukraft, J Sedykh, S Seipp, W Sharma, A Shimansky, S Slivova, J Specht, H Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Xie, W Yurevich, S Yurevich, V CA CERES Collaboration TI Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c Pb-Au collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR REACTIONS Au-197(Pb, X); E=40, 80, 158 GeV/nucleon; event-by-event fluctuations of mean transverse momentum; beam energy and centrality dependence; short range correlations; comparison to models; deduced QCD phase transition; critical point ID NUCLEUS NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BARYON DENSITY; BEAM ENERGY; QCD; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; QUARK; MASS AB Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum in Pb-Au collisions at 40, 80, and 158 A GeV/c are presented. A significant excess of mean p(T) fluctuations at mid-rapidity is observed over the expectation from statistically independent particle emission. The results are somewhat smaller than recent measurements at RHIC. A possible non-monotonic behavior of the mean p(T) fluctuations as function of collision energy, which may have indicated that the system has passed the critical point of the QCD phase diagram in the range of mu(B) under investigation, has not been observed. The centrality dependence of mean p(T) fluctuations in Pb-Au is consistent with an extrapolation from pp collisions assuming that the non-statistical fluctuations scale with multiplicity. The results are compared to calculations by the RQMD and URQMD event generators. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ASCR, Inst Phys Nucl, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. GSI Darmstadt, Gesell Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Appelshauser, H (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Maas, Axel/0000-0002-4621-2151 NR 39 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 727 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.07..018 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 723ML UT WOS:000185436100005 ER PT J AU Contino, R Nomura, Y Pomarol, A AF Contino, R Nomura, Y Pomarol, A TI Higgs as a holographic pseudo-Goldstone boson SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING; MASS DIFFERENCE; DIMENSIONS; FIELDS; MODEL AB The AdS/CFT correspondence allows one to relate 4D strongly coupled theories to weakly coupled theories in 5D AdS. We use this correspondence to study a scenario in which the Higgs appears as a composite pseudo-Goldstone boson (PGB) of a strongly coupled theory. We show how a nonlinearly realized global symmetry protects the Higgs mass and guarantees the absence of quadratic divergences at any loop order. The gauge and Yukawa interactions for the PGB Higgs are simple to introduce in the 5D AdS theory, and their one-loop contributions to the Higgs potential are calculated using perturbation theory. These contributions are finite, giving a squared-mass to the Higgs which is one-loop smaller than the mass of the first Kaluza-Klein state. We also show that if the symmetry breaking is caused by boundary conditions in the extra dimension, the PGB Higgs corresponds to the fifth component of the bulk gauge boson. To make the model fully realistic, a tree-level Higgs quartic coupling must be induced. We present a possible mechanism to generate it and discuss the conditions under which an unwanted large Higgs mass term is avoided. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor C XI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. RP Contino, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor C XI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM roberto.contino@cern.ch OI Contino, Roberto/0000-0002-1031-6565; Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 36 TC 355 Z9 355 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 3 PY 2003 VL 671 IS 1-3 BP 148 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2003.08.027 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 737YZ UT WOS:000186261100007 ER PT J AU Hubbard, SS Zhang, JY Monteiro, PJM Peterson, JE Rubin, Y AF Hubbard, SS Zhang, JY Monteiro, PJM Peterson, JE Rubin, Y TI Experimental detection of reinforcing bar corrosion using nondestructive geophysical techniques SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bridge deck; corrosion; deterioration; reinforced concrete; reinforcement bar ID NONINVASIVE SURFACE MEASUREMENT; BRIDGE DECKS; CONCRETE; IMPEDANCE; RADAR AB In this study, electrical impedance and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods were used to indicate corrosion of steel reinforcing bars embedded in a concrete block. Corrosion of the reinforcing bars was accelerated using an anodic polarization technique. Measurements were collected using both geophysical techniques before and after the corrosion experiments. Analysis of the geophysical measurements indicated the potential benefits and limitations of the two geophysical methods for assessing reinforcing bar corrosion. GPR methods have the advantage of providing a quick indication of alterations at the interface of the reinforcing bar surface and the surrounding concrete, and they have the potential to yield very high spatial resolution information. Although the electrical impedance techniques require longer measurement times and typically have lower spatial resolution than GPR techniques, these methods have the potential to provide valuable quantitative information about the corrosion process. Indications that corrosion had occurred were obtained independently and consistently front the two geophysical methods, and the observations were also corroborated by visual examination of the reinforcing bar corrosion state via destructive analysis of the experimental block. This first study suggests that these methods hold potential for direct and early detection of reinforcing bar corrosion, and that the combined use of the two methods for assessing reinforcing bar corrosion state merits further study. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hubbard, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 100 IS 6 BP 501 EP 510 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 748WF UT WOS:000186883500008 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, A AF Gonzalez, A TI Optimizing data collection for structure determination SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; WAVELENGTH; MAD; RESOLUTION; STRATEGIES AB The ultimate purpose of diffraction data collection is to produce a data set which will result in the required structural information about the molecule of interest. This usually entails collecting a complete and accurate set of reflection intensities to as high a resolution as possible. In practice, the characteristics of the crystal and properties of the X-ray source can be limiting factors to the data-set quality that can be achieved and a careful strategy has to be used to extract the maximum amount of information from the data within the experimental constraints. In the particular case of data intended for phasing using anomalous dispersion, the synchrotron beamline properties are relevant to determine how many wavelengths (one or more) should be used for the experiment and what the wavelength values should be. This will in turn affect the detailed strategy for data collection, including decisions about the data-collection sequence and how much data to collect at each wavelength. Collection of multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) data at three different wavelengths can provide very accurate experimental phases. Two-wavelength MAD experiments may offer the best compromise between phase quality and minimizing the effects of radiation damage to the sample. However, MAD experiments are demanding in terms of beamline wavelength range, easy tunability, stability and reproducibility. When the beamline cannot fulfill these demands, single-wavelength experiments may be a better option. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gonzalez, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 99, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP 1935 EP 1942 DI 10.1107/S0907444903017700 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 735UN UT WOS:000186133100007 PM 14573948 ER PT J AU Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD AF Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD TI Substructure search procedures for macromolecular structures SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION; SOFTWARE; MAD AB This paper accompanies a lecture given at the 2003 CCP4 Study Weekend on experimental phasing. The first part is an overview of the fundamentals of Patterson methods and direct methods with the audience of the CCP4 Study Weekend in mind. In the second part, a new hybrid substructure search is outlined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grosse-Kunstleve, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 4R0230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01GM063210] NR 29 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP 1966 EP 1973 DI 10.1107/S0907444903018043 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 735UN UT WOS:000186133100010 PM 14573951 ER PT J AU Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD AF Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD TI On symmetries of substructures SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB This paper accompanies a lecture given at the 2003 CCP4 Study Weekend on experimental phasing. With the audience of the CCP4 Study Weekend in mind, an overview is given of symmetries of substructures and the implications for single isomorphous replacement and single anomalous diffraction phasing procedures as well as difference Fourier analyses., Pointers are also provided to practical tools for working with substructure symmetries. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grosse-Kunstleve, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 4R0230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1P01GM063210] NR 9 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP 1974 EP 1977 DI 10.1107/S0907444903021206 PN 11 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 735UN UT WOS:000186133100011 PM 14573952 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z AF Dauter, Z TI Twinned crystals and anomalous phasing SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY STATISTICS; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; MOLECULAR-REPLACEMENT; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; ANGSTROM-RESOLUTION; MEROHEDRY; DIFFRACTION; SIGNAL; HALF AB Merohedral or pseudomerohedral twinning of crystals cannot be identified from inspection of the diffraction patterns. Several methods for the identification of twinning and the estimation of the twin fraction are suitable for macromolecular crystals and all are based on the statistical properties of the measured diffraction intensities. If the crystal twin fraction is estimated and is not too close to 0.5, the diffraction data can be detwinned; that is, related to the individual crystal specimen. However, the detwinning procedure invariably introduces additional inaccuracies to the estimated intensities, which substantially increase when the twin fraction approaches 0.5. In some cases, a crystal structure can be solved with the original twinned data by standard techniques such as molecular replacement, multiple isomorphous replacement or multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. Test calculations on data collected from a twinned crystal of gpD, the bacteriophage lambda capsid protein, show that the single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method can be used to solve its structure even if the data set corresponds to a perfectly twinned crystal with a twin fraction of 0.5. C1 NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 725A-X9, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP 2004 EP 2016 DI 10.1107/S0907444903021085 PN 11 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 735UN UT WOS:000186133100015 PM 14573956 ER PT J AU Condron, CL Strand, JD Canfield, PC Miller, GJ AF Condron, CL Strand, JD Canfield, PC Miller, GJ TI The intermetallic compound Gd6Ta4Al43 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GD-LU; A=Y; ND; SM AB Gadolinium tantalum aluminium, Gd6Ta4Al43, adopts the Ho6Mo4Al43 structure type, with 12-fold coordination around the Gd and twofold coordination around the Ta and Al atoms. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Condron, CL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD NOV PY 2003 VL 59 BP I147 EP I148 DI 10.1107/S1600536803021640 PN 11 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 738ZZ UT WOS:000186318900004 ER PT J AU Kulesza, A Sterman, G Vogelsang, W AF Kulesza, A Sterman, G Vogelsang, W TI The resummed Higgs boson transverse momentum distribution at the LHC SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference of Theoretical Physics CY SEP 15-21, 2003 CL USTRON, POLAND ID TO-BACK JETS; LOGARITHMIC CONTRIBUTIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; HARD PROCESSES; COLLISIONS AB We apply QCD resummation techniques to study the transverse momentum distribution of Higgs bosons produced via gluon-gluon fusion at the LHC. In particular we focus on the joint resummation formalism which resums both threshold and transverse momentum corrections simultaneously. A comparison of results obtained in the joint and the standard recoil resummation frameworks is presented. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr & Nucl Theory, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 34 IS 11 BP 5503 EP 5510 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 755MX UT WOS:000187412600030 ER PT J AU Wu, JC Hu, BX Zhang, DX Shirley, C AF Wu, JC Hu, BX Zhang, DX Shirley, C TI A three-dimensional numerical method of moments for groundwater flow and solute transport in a nonstationary conductivity field SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute flux; stochastic; nonstationarity; random; method of moment ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS FORMATIONS; DISTRIBUTED-PARAMETER SYSTEMS; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; FLUX APPROACH; CONDITIONAL MOMENTS; VELOCITY-FIELDS; AQUIFERS; MEDIA; APPROXIMATION; STATISTICS AB A three-dimensional numerical method of moments has been developed for solute flux through nonstationary flows in porous media. The solute flux is described as a space-time process where time refers to the solute flux breakthrough and space refers to the transverse displacement distribution at a control plane. Flow nonstationarity may stem from various sources, such as the medium's conductivity nonstationarity and complex hydraulic boundary conditions. The first two statistics of solute flux are derived using a Lagrangian framework and are expressed in terms of the probability density functions (PDFs). These PDFs are given in terms of one- and two-parcel moments of travel time and transverse locations, and these moments are related to the Eulerian velocity moments. The moment equations obtained analytically for flow and transport are so complex that numerical techniques are used to obtain solutions. In this study, we investigate the influence of various factors, such as the grid resolution relative to correlation length and the number of solute parcels comprising a source, on the accuracy of the calculation results. It has been found that for the computation of means and variances using the developed moment equations, hydraulic head requires at least one numerical grid element per correlation length scale. At least two grid elements are required for velocity, and 1-2 grid elements for the solute flux variance. Five parcels are required per correlation length scale to approximate the initial solute source distribution. The effects of boundary and hydraulic conductivity nonstationarity on flow and transport are also considered. Flow nonstationarity caused by either hydraulic boundary condition or conductivity nonstationarity significantly influences the transport process. The calculation results of numerical method of moments are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison indicates that the two methods are consistent with each other for head variance, velocity covariance in longitudinal direction, and mean and variance of total solute flux, but numerical method of moment underestimates the velocity variance in transverse direction. The method is applied to an environmental project for predicting the solute flux in the saturated zone below the Yucca Mountain project area, demonstrating the applicability of the method to complex subsurface environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ & Community Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Nanjing Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. Univ Nevada, Hydrol Sci Program, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hu, BX (reprint author), Univ & Community Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1149 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2003.08.002 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 732JP UT WOS:000185940100002 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Zhang, DX AF Lu, ZM Zhang, DX TI On importance sampling Monte Carlo approach to uncertainty analysis for flow and transport in porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; importance sampling; heterogeneity; flow and transport; variance reduction; variance estimation ID STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; UNSATURATED FLOW; SIMULATION; NONSTATIONARY; SYSTEMS AB In this study we introduce a new approach named importance sampling or quick simulations. The method has been extensively used in communication theory in estimating probability of rare events. The basic idea behind importance sampling techniques is that certain values of the input random variables (or vectors) have more important impact on the parameters being estimated than others, and if these "important" values are sampled more frequently than others, i.e., sampled from a biased density function, the variance of the estimator can be reduced. The outputs from simulations are then weighted to correct such biased sampling. Two illustrative examples are given to show the general procedure of the importance sampling approach as well as its applicability to subsurface flow and transport problems. In one example we estimated the mean and variance of hydraulic head for one-dimensional flow, and in the other we estimated the probability of a particle's travel time t less than a given critical value T. In both examples, we compared results from analytical solutions, the conventional Monte Carlo (CMC) simulations, and the importance sampling approach. It is shown that when an importance density function is chosen appropriately, importance sampling techniques may be many orders of magnitude more efficient than the CMC simulations and have a great potential in simulating subsurface flow and transport. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp EES6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, ZM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp EES6, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1177 EP 1188 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(03)001060-4 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 732JP UT WOS:000185940100004 ER PT J AU Thatcher, TL Lunden, MM Revzan, KL Sextro, RG Brown, NJ AF Thatcher, TL Lunden, MM Revzan, KL Sextro, RG Brown, NJ TI A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; OUTDOOR; VENTILATION; EXPOSURE; MODEL; TIME; ROOM AB Continuous, size resolved particle measurements were performed in two houses in order to determine size-dependent particle penetration into and deposition in the indoor environment. The experiments consisted of three parts: (1) measurement of the particle loss rate following artificial elevation of indoor particle concentrations, (2) rapid reduction in particle concentration through induced ventilation by pressurization of the houses with HEPA-filtered air, and (3) measurement of the particle concentration rebound after house pressurization stopped. During the particle concentration decay period, when indoor concentrations are very high, losses due to deposition are large compared to gains due to particle infiltration. During the concentration rebound period, the opposite is true. The large variation in indoor concentration allows the effects of penetration and deposition losses to be separated by the transient, two-parameter model we employed to analyze the data. For the two houses studied, we found that as particles increased in diameter from 0.1 to 10 mum, penetration factors ranged from similar to1 to 0.3 and deposition loss rates ranged from 0.1 and 5 h(-1). The decline in penetration factor with increasing particle size was less pronounced in the house with the larger normalized leakage area. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thatcher, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cuclotron Rd,Mailstop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 8 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 37 IS 11 BP 847 EP 864 DI 10.1080/02786820390228508 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 746YH UT WOS:000186776100001 ER PT J AU Syamlal, M O'Brien, TJ AF Syamlal, M O'Brien, TJ TI Fluid dynamic simulation of O-3 decomposition in a bubbling fluidized bed SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OZONE DECOMPOSITION; CATALYTIC REACTORS; GAS; FLOW; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Recent advances in dense, multiphase, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have allowed accurate simulation of the gas and particle motion in bubbling and circulating fluidized beds. Since fluidized-bed reactors are used for many chemical processes, a simulation must also be able to accurately couple chemical reactions to bed hydrodynamics. The catalytic decomposition of ozone (O-3) often has been used to study experimentally the contacting behavior of catalytic reactors. Simulations of laboratory-scale experiments of premixed O-3 decomposition in a bubbling fluidized bed using the multiphase CFD code MFIX were conducted. The grid-independent results are in very good agreement with reported experimental data on total conversion over a range of fluidization velocities and initial bed heights. This confirms the ability of multiphase hydrodynamic models to capture quantitatively the effect of hydrodynamics on chemical reactions in a bubbling fluidized bed. C1 Fluent Inc, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Syamlal, M (reprint author), Fluent Inc, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 29 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 IS 11 BP 2793 EP 2801 DI 10.1002/aic.690491112 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 745AA UT WOS:000186664000011 ER PT J AU Maljkovic, I Wilbe, K Solver, E Alaeus, A Leitner, T AF Maljkovic, I Wilbe, K Solver, E Alaeus, A Leitner, T TI Limited transmission of drug-resistant HIV type 1 in 100 Swedish newly detected and drug-naive patients infected with subtypes A, B, C, D, G, U, and CRF01_AE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACID MUTATION PATTERNS; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; IN-VIVO AB The prevalence of genetic drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-1 cases and potential subtype-specific mutation patterns were studied. Samples from 100 newly diagnosed patients were randomly chosen from three HIV clinics in Sweden, prospectively collected during the period June 1998 to August 2001. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma and an approximately 2000-bp fragment covering the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes was sequenced. Subtypes A, B, C, D, G, U, and CRF01_AE were found. All 100 sequences had mutations reported to be involved in some drug resistance, revealing naturally occurring subtype-specific amino acid patterns. Such patterns may be important to consider when treating patients infected with nonsubtype B viruses. While many drug resistance mutations seem to be naturally occurring, 9% of the newly detected patients in Sweden may have been infected with virus from antiviral-treated patients. Among the individuals infected with resistant virus, the majority were infected with subtype B virus and belonged to the homosexual risk group. It may be important to routinely test for resistance in newly infected cases to improve the choice of drugs for treatment because the virus may revert and resistant forms can become latent. C1 Swedish Inst Iinfect Dis Control, Dept Virol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Ctr Microbiol & Tumor Biol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Infect Dis Unit, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Leitner, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV Seguence Database Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 11 BP 989 EP 997 DI 10.1089/088922203322588341 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 748YT UT WOS:000186889500007 PM 14678606 ER PT J AU Bansal, A Sabbaj, S Edwards, BH Ritter, D Perkins, C Tang, J Szinger, JJ Weiss, H Goepfert, PA Korber, B Wilson, CM Kaslow, RA Mulligan, MJ AF Bansal, A Sabbaj, S Edwards, BH Ritter, D Perkins, C Tang, J Szinger, JJ Weiss, H Goepfert, PA Korber, B Wilson, CM Kaslow, RA Mulligan, MJ TI T cell responses in HIV type 1-infected adolescent minorities share similar epitope specificities with whites despite significant differences in HLA class I alleles SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIDS Vaccine 2001 Conference CY SEP 05-08, 2001 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA ID LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; PROGRESSION; PATTERNS; PLASMA; PROJECT; DESIGN; GENES AB African-Americans (AFAM) and Hispanics (HIS) represent only 13% and 12% of the U.S. population but 54% and 19%, respectively, of annually incident HIV-1 infections in the United States. The 88 patients in the current study were from U.S. racial or ethnic minority groups (72% African-American, 17% Hispanic), female (85%), and adolescent (mean age 20 years). Their HLA allele distributions were distinct from patterns in U.S. whites. Overall, HIV-1-specific T cell responses were observed in 91% of participants: 75% recognized peptides in Gag, 67% Pol, 57% Nef, and 41% Env. The patients recognized 87 (36%) of 244 Gag, Pol, Env, or Nef peptides tested. Similar to what has been seen in white cohorts, epitope-rich peptide clusters were identified within conserved functional domains in Gag matrix, Gag capsid, Pol reverse transcriptase, and Nef. Peptides representing variable regions from within the B subtype or with more changes from the B subtype consensus sequence were less likely to stimulate a positive T cell response. A small percentage (17%) of unique T cell responses was found in this cohort that displayed no previously known T cell epitopes. Dominant responses generally overlapped with epitope-rich regions in HIV-1 described previously for whites, although many of these peptides were likely restricted by HLA class I alleles not previously associated with these epitopes. Hence host genetic variation among different racial groups may have less impact on the utility of candidate HIV-1 vaccines than previously suspected. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Bansal, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Sch Med, 908 20th St,CCB 362A, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. OI Sabbaj, Steffanie/0000-0003-4052-6819; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HC32842]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI27767] NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1017 EP 1026 DI 10.1089/088922203322588378 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 748YT UT WOS:000186889500010 PM 14678609 ER PT J AU Berman, M AF Berman, M TI Intelligent design creationism: A threat to society - Not just biology SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, New Mexico State Board Educ, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Council Competitiveness, Washington, DC USA. RP Berman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, New Mexico State Board Educ, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 65 IS 9 BP 646 EP 648 DI 10.1662/0002-7685(2003)065[0646:IDCATT]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA 747UW UT WOS:000186824100001 ER PT J AU Singhal, S AF Singhal, S TI Ceramic fuel cells for stationary and mobile applications SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Singhal, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 82 IS 11 BP 9601 EP 9610 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 742AJ UT WOS:000186492300031 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM Shen, W Kotler, DP Heshka, S Wielopolski, L Aloia, JF Nelson, ME Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB AF Wang, ZM Shen, W Kotler, DP Heshka, S Wielopolski, L Aloia, JF Nelson, ME Pierson, RN Heymsfield, SB TI Total body protein: a new cellular level mass and distribution prediction model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; nutritional assessment; total body nitrogen; total body potassium; total body water; wholebody counting ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; AGE AB Background: Protein is an important body component, and the presently accepted criterion method for estimating total body protein (TBPro) mass-in vivo neutron activation (IVNA) analysis-is unavailable to most investigators and is associated with moderate radiation exposure. Objective: The objective was to derive a theoretical cellular level TBPro mass and distribution model formulated on measured total body potassium, total body water, and bone mineral and to evaluate the new model with the IVNA method as the criterion. Design: The new model was developed on the basis of a combination of theoretical equations and empirically derived coefficients. TBPro mass estimates with the new model were evaluated in healthy women (n = 183) and men (n = 24) and in men with AIDS (n = 84). Total body nitrogen was measured by IVNA, total body potassium by whole-body K-40 counting, total body water by tritium dilution, and bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The group mean ( +/- SD) TBPro mass estimates in healthy women and men and men with AIDS (8.2 +/- 0.9, 11.0 +/- 1.8, and 10.5 +/- 1.1 kg, respectively) with the new model were similar to IVNA criterion estimates (8.9 +/- 0.9, 11.1 +/- 1.6, and 10.9 +/- 1.2 kg, respectively). TBPro mass estimates with the new model correlated highly with the IVNA estimates in all subjects combined (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). The new model suggests that the composite TBPro mass within each group consists mainly of cellular protein (75-79%) and, to a lesser extent, protein in extracellular solids (19-23%) and extracellular fluid (approximate to2%). Conclusion: The new model provides a non-IVNA approach for estimating protein mass and distribution in vivo. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Acad Affairs, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutrs Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, ZM (reprint author), Weight Control Unit, 1090 Amsterdam Ave,14th Floor, New York, NY 10025 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 42618] NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 78 IS 5 BP 979 EP 984 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 736AA UT WOS:000186146500014 PM 14594785 ER PT J AU Guo, X Taylor, KD Goodarzi, MO Krauss, RM Rotter, JI AF Guo, X Taylor, KD Goodarzi, MO Krauss, RM Rotter, JI TI Diet control strengthens the effect of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene on lipids. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 21 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700022 ER PT J AU Weier, JF Jung, CK Zhou, Y Weier, HUG Chu, LW Wright, AA Fisher, SJ AF Weier, JF Jung, CK Zhou, Y Weier, HUG Chu, LW Wright, AA Fisher, SJ TI The gestational age-related increase in the frequency of hyperdiploid cytotrophoblasts at the human fetal-maternal interface as a possible mechanism to limit cell proliferation/invasion. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dep Ob Gyn & RS, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Stomatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat & Pharm Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 138 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700140 ER PT J AU Kurotaki, N Harada, N Cheng, JF Lupski, JR Matsumoto, N AF Kurotaki, N Harada, N Cheng, JF Lupski, JR Matsumoto, N TI A new genomic disorder mediated by low-copy repeats? Fifty microdeletions identified in 112 patients with Sotos syndrome. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Nagasaki Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Nagasaki 852, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan. Kyushu Med Sci Nagasaki Lab, Nagasaki, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 178 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700180 ER PT J AU Weier, H Chu, L Ito, Y Hsu, J Weier, JF Garini, Y Katzir, N Hayward, S Yaswen, P AF Weier, H Chu, L Ito, Y Hsu, J Weier, JF Garini, Y Katzir, N Hayward, S Yaswen, P TI Spectral imaging for phenotype analysis of cancer cells. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Image Sci & Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Urol Surg, Nashville, TN USA. RI Hayward, Simon/A-1688-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 282 BP 218 EP 218 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700284 ER PT J AU Glaser, RL Broman, KW Schulman, RL Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ Jabs, EW AF Glaser, RL Broman, KW Schulman, RL Eskenazi, B Wyrobek, AJ Jabs, EW TI The paternal age effect in Apert syndrome is due in part to the increased frequency of mutation in sperm in the general population and group-specific characteristics of Apert syndrome fathers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 721 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599700722 ER PT J AU Chun, HH Cary, RA Rawlings, DJ Gatti, RA AF Chun, HH Cary, RA Rawlings, DJ Gatti, RA TI Purification and characterization of vaccinia expressed FLAG-ATM protein. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Human-Genetics CY NOV 04-08, 2003 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Human Genet C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 73 IS 5 MA 1070 BP 353 EP 353 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 726LC UT WOS:000185599701071 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Hauser, R Wand, MP Herrick, RF Houk, RS Aeschliman, DB Woodin, MA Christiani, DC AF Kim, JY Hauser, R Wand, MP Herrick, RF Houk, RS Aeschliman, DB Woodin, MA Christiani, DC TI Association of expired nitric oxide with urinary metal concentrations in boilermakers exposed to residual oil fly ash SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE biological monitoring; metals; air pollutants; occupational; nitric oxide; epidemiology ID OCCUPATIONAL CHRONIC EXPOSURE; STAINLESS-STEEL WELDERS; FUEL-OIL; LUNG INJURY; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSITION-METALS; WORKERS; CHROMIUM; VANADIUM AB Background Exposure to metal-containing particulate matter has been associated with adverse pulmonary responses. Metals in particulate matter are soluble, hence are readily recovered in urine of exposed individuals. This study investigated the association between urinary metal concentrations and the fractional concentration of expired nitric oxide (FENO) in boilermakers (N = 32) exposed to residual oil fly ash (ROFA). Methods Subjects were monitored at a boiler overhaul site located in the New England area, USA. FENO and urine samples were collected pre- and post-workshift for 5 consecutive workdays. Metals investigated included vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). Results The median FENO was 7.5 ppb (95% CI: 7.4-8.0), and the median creatinine-adjusted urinary metal concentrations (mug/g creatinine) were: vanadium, 1.37; chromium, 0.48; manganese, 0.30; nickel, 1.52; copper, 3.70; and lead, 2.32. Linear mixed-effects models indicated significant inverse exposure-response relationships between log FENO and the log-transformed urinary concentrations of vanadium, manganese, nickel, copper, and lead at several lag times, after adjusting for smoking status. Conclusions Urine samples may be utilized as a biomarker of occupational metal exposure. The inverse association between FENO and urinary metal concentrations suggests that exposure to metals in particulate matter may have an adverse effect on respiratory health. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Pulm & Crit Care Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Christiani, DC (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1402, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Wand, Matt /F-9413-2012 OI Wand, Matt /0000-0003-2555-896X FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09860]; NIOSH CDC HHS [OH00152]; PHS HHS [T42110421, T3206709] NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 5 BP 458 EP 466 DI 10.1002/ajim.10305 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 742NE UT WOS:000186523300002 PM 14571509 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Swanson, JM AF Volkow, ND Swanson, JM TI Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review ID DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; HUMAN BRAIN; INTRAVENOUS METHYLPHENIDATE; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; ACUTE TOLERANCE; D-AMPHETAMINE; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; ORAL METHYLPHENIDATE; COCAINE AB Objective: Methylphenidate, the most common treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), increases extracellular dopamine in the brain, which is associated with its reinforcing as well as its therapeutic effects. The authors evaluated variables that distinguish these two properties. Method: The brain imaging and clinical literatures were analyzed to identify variables that contribute to the abuse liability as well as to the clinical efficacy of methylphenidate. Results: Four variables were identified. 1) Dose-there is a threshold for methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases to be perceived as reinforcing and to produce therapeutic effects. 2) Pharmacokinetics-the reinforcing effects of methylphenidate are associated with rapid changes in serum concentrations and presumably fast dopamine increases (as achieved with intravenous injection or insufflation), whereas the therapeutic effects are associated with slowly ascending serum concentrations and presumably smoothly rising dopamine levels (as achieved with oral administration). 3) individual differences-sensitivity to methylphenidate varies across individuals and sets a threshold for blood and brain levels required for reinforcing effects (drug liking) and for therapeutic effects (symptom reduction). 4) Context-the effects of methylphenidate are modulated by different settings in abuse (rituals of self-administration and powerful conditioning) and in clinical use (external demands of low activity and focused attention). Conclusions: Reinforcing effects occur when methylphenidate elicits large and fast dopamine increases that mimic those of phasic dopamine cell firing, whereas therapeutic effects occur when methylphenidate elicits slow, steady-state dopamine increases that mimic those of tonic firing. Thus, the characteristics of clinical use (low doses administered orally and titrated for therapeutic effects) constrain methylphenidate's abuse. C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, Irvine, CA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274-MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 00280, DA 7092-01] NR 60 TC 237 Z9 244 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 160 IS 11 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1909 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 740PB UT WOS:000186409800002 PM 14594733 ER PT J AU Matmon, A Bierman, PR Larsen, J Southworth, S Pavich, M Finkel, R Caffee, M AF Matmon, A Bierman, PR Larsen, J Southworth, S Pavich, M Finkel, R Caffee, M TI Erosion of an ancient mountain range, the Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina and Tennessee SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; DENUDATION RATES; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; NEW-ENGLAND; APPALACHIAN BASIN; DRAINAGE BASINS; SOIL PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL EROSION; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION AB Analysis of Be-10 and Al-26 in bedrock (n=10), colluviu, (n=5 including grain size splits), and alluvial sediments (n=59 including grain size splits), coupled with field observations and GIS analysis, suggest that erosion rates in the Great Smoky Mountains are controlled by subsurface bedrock erosion and diffusive slope processes. The results indicate rapid alluvial transport, minimal alluvial storage, and suggest that most of the cosmogenic nuclide inventory in sediments is accumulated while they are eroding from bedrock and traveling down hill slopes. Spatially homogeneous erosion rates of 25 - 30 mm Ky(-1) are calculated throughout the Great Smoky Mountains using measured concentrations of cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 in quartz separated from alluvial sediment. Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations in sediments collected from headwater tributaries that have no upstream samples (n=18) are consistent with an average erosion rate of 28 +/- 8 nun Ky(-1), similar to that of the outlet rivers (n=16, 24 6 mm Ky-1), which carry most of the sediment out of the mountain range. Grain-size-specific analysis of 6 alluvial sediment samples shows higher nuclide concentrations in smaller grain sizes than in larger ones. The difference in concentrations arises from the large elevation distribution of the source of the smaller grains compared with the narrow and relatively low source elevation of the large grains. Large sandstone clasts disaggregate into sand-size grains rapidly during weathering and downslope transport; thus, only clasts from the lower parts of slopes reach the streams. Al-26/Be-10 ratios do not suggest significant burial periods for our samples. However, alluvial samples have lower Al-26/Be-10 ratios than bedrock and colluvial samples, a trend consistent with a longer integrated cosmic ray exposure history that includes periods of burial during down-slope transport. The results confirm some of the basic ideas embedded in Davis' geographic cycle model, such as the reduction of relief through slope processes, and of Hack's dynamic equilibrium model such as the similarity of erosion rates across different lithologies. Comparing cosmogenic nuclide data with other measured and calculated erosion rates for the Appalachians, we conclude that rates of erosion, integrated over varying time periods from decades to a hundred million years are similar, the result of equilibrium between erosion and isostatic uplift in the southern Appalachian Mountains. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Geol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matmon, A (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Dosseto, Anthony/A-2543-2008; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 110 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, PO BOX 208109, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 303 IS 9 BP 817 EP 855 DI 10.2475/ajs.303.9.817 PG 39 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 744BU UT WOS:000186608700002 ER PT J AU Bish, DL Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ Carey, JW AF Bish, DL Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ Carey, JW TI The distribution of zeolites and their effects on the performance of a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID CLINOPTILOLITE; TUFF; MINERALS; EQUILIBRIUM; DIFFRACTION; STABILITY; EXCHANGE; TRACE AB Yucca Mountain, Nevada, has been approved by the U.S. Congress as the site of the first high-level radioactive waste repository in the U.S., paving the way for the Department of Energy to submit a license application to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The U.S. concept of a radioactive waste repository involves both engineered (man-made) barriers and geologic barriers to minimize the long-term migration of waste from the repository. The minerals at Yucca Mountain are an integral part of the geologic barrier to the migration of radionuclides, and understanding the distribution of reactive and potentially sorptive minerals is crucial to modeling the long-term performance of the repository. We have determined the three-dimensional distribution of minerals at Yucca Mountain by analyzing a number of drill cores using quantitative X-ray diffraction methods. Clinoptilolite, and mordenite are locally abundant in the rhyolitic tuffs in both the unsaturated and saturated zones. They formed by the alteration of glassy rhyolitic tuffs, and their occurrence is stratified, often following the distribution of nonwelded, initially vitric tuffs near and below the water table. Because of their large cation-exchange capacities, these minerals have traditionally been considered to be important in retardation of the migration of cationic radionuclides such as Cs-137 and Sr-90. However, analysis of radionuclides that may be contained at Yucca Mountain reveals that, for the most part, the radioactive species of concern are not those that would be readily sorbed by natural zeolites. Although clinoptilolite and mordenite are highly selective for Cs and Sr, the half-lives of these radionuclides (similar to30 years) are sufficiently short that the man-made containment at any radioactive waste repository is expected to outlive these radionuclides. The most important radionuclides are thus anionic species and long-lived actinides that often form large, complex aqueous species, both of which are not strongly sorbed by cation exchangers such as zeolites. However, zeolites play an important role in a repository at Yucca Mountain for several other reasons. Emplacement of radioactive waste will change the temperature and P-H2O conditions in large volumes of rock, and zeolites will be important sources and sinks of water and thermal energy during heating and cooling in the vadose zone. In addition, dehydration/hydration reactions are accompanied by volumetric changes that can affect macroscopic rock properties. Longer-term reactions, e.g., of clinoptilolite to analcime, would give rise to larger volume reductions and production of water and silica. These studies show that the importance of zeolites extends far beyond cation exchange by zeolites to phenomena affecting the entire thermohydrologic system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bish, DL (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 88 IS 11-12 BP 1889 EP 1902 PN 2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 747VB UT WOS:000186824600007 ER PT J AU Kukkadapu, RK Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Smith, SC Dohnalkova, AC Russell, CK AF Kukkadapu, RK Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Smith, SC Dohnalkova, AC Russell, CK TI Transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite to 6-line ferrihydrite under oxic and anoxic conditions SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON-OXIDE; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL MODEL; HEMATITE; GOETHITE; REDUCTION; FE(III) AB Mineralogical transformations of 2-line ferrihydrite were studied under oxic and Fe(3+)-reducing conditions to establish the role, if any, of 6-line ferrihydrite ("well" organized ferrihydrite) in the reaction pathway and as a final product. In oxic experiments, concentrated suspensions (0.42 mol/L Fe(2+) in 0.1 mol/L NaClO(4)) of freshly synthesized 2-line ferrihydrite, with and without 3% Ni(2+), were aged at an initial pH = 7.2 (unbuffered and unadjusted) and 25 degreesC for more than three years. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements were performed on the solids after different aging periods. The primary mineralogical products observed were 6-line ferrihydrite and goethite, with minor hematite. Aggregation and crystallization of the 2-line ferrihydrite liberated protons and depressed suspension pH, but coprecipitated Ni(2+) retarded this process. The joint, interrelated effects of Ni and pH influenced both the extent of conversion of 2-line ferrihydrite and the identity of the major transformation products. Six-line ferrihydrite dominated in the Ni ferrihydrite suspension, whereas goethite dominated in the absence of Ni. Aggregation-induced crystallization of 2-line ferrihydrite particles seemed responsible for 6-line ferrihydrite formation. Mineralogical changes to Ni ferrihydrite under anaerobic conditions were investigated at circumneutral pH using the Fe(3+)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens. Residual 6-line ferrihydrite dominated bioreduced samples that also contained goethite and magnetite. The conversion of 2-line ferrihydrite to 6-line ferrihydrite was considerably more rapid under anaerobic conditions. The sorption of biogenic Fe(2+) apparently induced intra-aggregate transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite to 6-line ferrihydrite. Collectively, abiotic and biotic studies indicated that 6-line ferrihydrite can be a transformation product of 2-line ferrihydrite, especially when 2-line ferrihydrite is undergoing transformation to more stable hematite or magnetite. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kukkadapu, RK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-96,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ravi.kukkadapu@pnl.gov NR 47 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 42 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 88 IS 11-12 BP 1903 EP 1914 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 747VB UT WOS:000186824600008 ER PT J AU Um, W Papelis, C AF Um, W Papelis, C TI Sorption mechanisms of Sr and Ph on zeolitized tuffs from the Nevada test site as a function of pH and ionic strength SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL X-RAY; STRONTIUM(II) COORDINATION; WATER INTERFACES; AMORPHOUS SILICA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PB(II) SORPTION; CLAY-MINERALS; CLINOPTILOLITE; HEULANDITE AB The sorption of Sr2+ and Pb2+ on zeolitized tuffs from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) was investigated using macroscopic batch sorption experiments and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a function of geochemical parameters, including pH, ionic strength, and type of background electrolyte. The sorption of Sr2+ is dependent on the ionic strength of the medium and independent of pH, suggesting that Sr2+ sorption is controlled by ion exchange at permanent charge sites. At higher ionic strengths, background electrolyte cations compete effectively with Sr2+ for cation-exchange sites and Sr2+ sorption is suppressed. At the two lower ionic strengths (0.01 and 0. 1 M), Pb2+ sorption is also consistent with adsorption by cation exchange. At the highest ionic strength (1.0 M), however, exclusion of Pb2+ from cation-exchange sites resulted in pH dependent adsorption, consistent with sorption on amphoteric surface hydroxyl sites or formation of surface precipitates. XAS was used to test these hypotheses. Based on XAS data, Sr2+ formed hydrated surface complexes coordinated with approximately eight O atoms at an average distance of 2.60 (+/-0.02) Angstrom, regardless of conditions, consistent with the formation of mononuclear, outer-sphere surface complexes at the Ca2 site in the B channel of clinoptilolite. The coordination environment of sorbed Pb2+ was more complex and a function of pH and ionic strength. The first shell consisted of two to three O atoms at an average distance of 2.20 (+/-0.02) Angstrom. At low PH and ionic strength, XAS data were consistent with Pb2+ adsorption at the Na1 and Ca2 cation exchange sites in channels A and B of clinoptilolite, respectively. At the highest ionic strength (1.0 M) and low pH, XAS provides evidence for formation of Pb2+ monodentate, corner-sharing inner-sphere complexes, whereas at higher pH, XAS analysis is consistent with formation of edge-sharing bidentate inner-sphere complexes. As surface coverage increased, appearance of a second Pb2+ peak suggests the formation of polynuclear, inner-sphere surface complexes. These results have significant implications for the transport of radionuclides and other contaminants at the NTS and other nuclear test sites and for the modeling of these processes. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Um, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wooyong.um@pnl.gov NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 88 IS 11-12 BP 2028 EP 2039 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 747VB UT WOS:000186824600022 ER PT J AU McClain, MA Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Allbritton, NL Sims, CE Ramsey, JM AF McClain, MA Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Allbritton, NL Sims, CE Ramsey, JM TI Microfluidic devices for the high-throughput chemical analysis of cells SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NATIVE FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; SINGLE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; INDIVIDUAL HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE-EXPRESSION; LASER VAPORIZATION; PCR AMPLIFICATION; MICROCHIP DEVICE; PROTEIN-ANALYSIS AB A microfluidic device is reported that integrated cell handling, rapid cell lysis, and electrophoretic separation and detection of fluorescent cytosolic dyes. The device function was demonstrated using Jurkat cells that were loaded with the fluorogenic dyes - carboxyfluorescein diacetate, Oregon green carboxylic acid diacetate, or Calcein AM. The loaded cells were hydrodynamically transported from the cell-containing reservoir to a region on the microfluidic device where they were focused and then rapidly lysed using an electric field. Complete lysis was accomplished in <33 ms. The hydrolyzed, fluorescent dyes in the cell lysate were automatically injected into a separation channel on the device and detected 3 mm downstream of the injection point. The total separation time was similar to2.2 s with absolute migration time reproducibilities of <1% and efficiencies ranging from 2300 to 4000 theoretical plates. Results from 139 cells are reported. A small fraction of these cells, similar to9%, were found to enzymatically hydrolyze the loaded dyes in a manner significantly different from the majority of the cells. Cell analysis rates of 7-12 cells/min were demonstrated and are >100 times faster than those reported using standard bench-scale capillary electrophoresis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Biomed Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Culbertson, Christopher/0000-0002-6833-3237 FU NCI NIH HHS [D98CA78858] NR 72 TC 271 Z9 278 U1 8 U2 75 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 21 BP 5646 EP 5655 DI 10.1021/ac0346510 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 739HL UT WOS:000186339000007 PM 14588001 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Surface heterogeneity of six commercial brands of end-capped C-18-bonded silica. RPLC separations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BAND PROFILES; RETENTION DATA; C-18 COLUMNS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; REPRODUCIBILITY; REPEATABILITY; ISOTHERM AB Single component adsorption isotherms of phenol and caffeine were measured on six different commercial brands of end-capped C-18-bonded silica columns (five monomeric bonded phases: Kromasil, Waters Symmetry, Phenomenex, Hypersil, and Chromolith from Merck; one polymeric bonded phase, Vydac) with the same methanol/water solution (30/70, v/v) as the mobile phase. Adsorption data were acquired by frontal analysis (FA) for all these columns in the same way. Depending on their solubility in the mobile phase, the concentrations used ranged between 1 and 100 g/L and between 0.35 and 35 g/L for phenol and caffeine, respectively. Twenty-two adsorption data points were recorded over these ranges. In each case, the best isotherm model accounting for all sets of adsorption data is the bi-Langmuir model, all columns behaving as heterogeneous adsorbents despite the endcapping. Depending on the column, the high-energy sites accounts for between 30 and 40% and between 4 and 7% of the total saturation capacity for phenol and caffeine, respectively. Except for the polymeric phase (Vydac), the ratio of the adsorption constants on the high- and low-energy sites is constant at around 10 for both phenol and caffeine, corresponding to an average adsorption energy difference of 5 kJ/mol between these two sites. The exact nature of the high-energy sites is illustrated by the following properties: (i) they have a very low selectivity for caffeine, with alpha(caffeine/phenol) close to 0.4 for the five monomeric columns, which suggests the complete derivatization of residual silanols; (ii) the high-energy sites account for a large fraction of the surface area of these packing materials (35% for phenol, 6% for caffeine); (iii) there is a small adsorption energy difference between high and low adsorption energy sites (5 kJ/mol); and (iv) the adsorption constants increase with increasing surface coverage of the monomeric columns. Thus, the high energy sites cannot be residual free silanols of the bare silica. More likely, they are related to the local heterogeneity of the C-18-bonded-layer structure. Caffeine is more strongly retained on the low-energy sites than phenol (the product q(s), (1)b(1) is larger for caffeine) but the contribution of the high-energy sites (q(s), (2)b(2)) is markedly lower for caffeine than for phenol, despite the larger value of the adsorption constant, b(2). Because of a larger molecular size, caffeine cannot penetrate as deeply as phenol inside the bonded layer. This explains the paradox of a stronger retention for phenol than for caffeine on endcapped C-18-bonded stationary phases. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 27 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 21 BP 5726 EP 5738 DI 10.1021/ac0301752 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 739HL UT WOS:000186339000018 PM 14588012 ER PT J AU Grubisha, DS Lipert, RJ Park, HY Driskell, J Porter, MD AF Grubisha, DS Lipert, RJ Park, HY Driskell, J Porter, MD TI Femtomolar detection of prostate-specific antigen: An immunoassay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering and immunogold labels SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION; IMAGING MEASUREMENTS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; DNA MICROARRAYS; QUANTUM DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD; SERUM; CANCER AB A novel reagent for low-level detection in immunoadsorbent assays is described. The reagent consists of gold nanoparticles modified to integrate bioselective species (e.g., antibodies) with molecular labels for the generation of intense, biolyte-selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) responses in immunoassays and other bioanalytical applications. The reagent is constructed by coating gold nanoparticles (30 nm) with a monolayer of an intrinsically strong Raman scatterer. These monolayer-level labels are bifunctional by design and contain disulfides for chemisorption to the nanoparticle surface and succinimides for coupling to the bioselective species. There are two important elements in this label design; it both minimizes the separation between label and particle surface and maximizes the number of labels on each particle. This approach to labeling also exploits several other advantages of SERS-based labels: narrow spectral bandwidth, resistance to photobleaching and quenching, and long-wavelength excitation of multiple labels with a single excitation source. The strengths of this strategy are demonstrated in the detection of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using a sandwich assay format based on monoclonal antibodies. Detection limits of similar to1 pg/mL in human serum and similar to4 pg/mL in bovine serum albumin have been achieved with a spectrometer readout time of 60 s. The extension of the method to multianalyte assays (e.g., the simultaneous determination of the many complexed forms of PSA) is discussed. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; OI Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X NR 62 TC 515 Z9 525 U1 27 U2 283 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 21 BP 5936 EP 5943 DI 10.1021/ac034356f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 739HL UT WOS:000186339000041 PM 14588035 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Ganguli, G Su, YJ Thomsen, MF AF Reynolds, MA Ganguli, G Su, YJ Thomsen, MF TI The local-time variation of the quiet plasmasphere: geosynchronous observations and kinetic theory SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; plasma convection; plasmasphere ID PLASMAPAUSE; MODEL; MAGNETOSPHERE; DENSITY AB The quiet-time structure of the plasmaspheric density was investigated using observations of the Los Alamos geosynchronous satellites, and these observations were compared with theoretical predictions of the quasi-static local-time variation by a kinetic model. It was found that the coupling to the ionosphere (via the local-time variation of the exobase) played a key role in determining the density structure at 6.6 R-E. The kinetic model predicts that most of the local-time variation at geosynchronous orbit is due to the variation of the exobase parameters. During quiet times, when the convection electric field is dominated by the corotation field, the effects due to flux-tube convection are less prominent than those due to the exobase variation. In addition, the kinetic model predicts that the geosynchronous plasmaspheric density level is at most only 25% of saturation density, even when geomagnetic activity is low. The low night-time densities of the ionospheric footpoints, and the subsequent long trapping time scales, prevent the equatorial densities from reaching saturation. C1 Embry Riddle Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Beam Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Embry Riddle Univ, Dept Phys Sci, 600 S Clyde Morris Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM mark.reynolds@erau.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2147 EP 2154 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 775NN UT WOS:000189047700002 ER PT J AU Friedberg, R Lee, TD AF Friedberg, R Lee, TD TI A new proof for the convergent iterative solution of the degenerate quantum double-well potential and its generalization SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MECHANICS; EXPANSION AB We present a new and simpler proof for the convergent iterative solution of the one-dimensional degenerate double-well potential. This new proof depends on a general theorem, called the hierarchy theorem, that shows the successive stages in the iteration to form a monotonically increasing sequence of approximations to the energy and to the wavefunction at any point x. This important property makes possible a much simpler proof of convergence than the one given before in the literature. The hierarchy theorem proven in this paper is applicable to a much wider class of potentials which includes the quartic potential. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. CCAST, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RBRC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Friedberg, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St,MC 5208, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 308 IS 1 BP 263 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0003-4916(03)00141-6 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 742AY UT WOS:000186494100013 ER PT J AU Sulaksono, A Burvenich, T Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG Greiner, W AF Sulaksono, A Burvenich, T Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG Greiner, W TI The nonrelativistic limit of the relativistic point coupling model SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model; relativistic mean-field model; nonrelativistic limit ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; EFFECTIVE FORCES; FINITE NUCLEI; PARAMETRIZATION; DENSITY AB We relate the relativistic finite range mean-field model (RMF-FR) to the point-coupling variant and compare the nonlinear density dependence. From this, the effective Hamiltonian of the nonlinear point-coupling model in the nonrelativistic limit is derived. Different from the nonrelativistic models, the nonlinearity in the relativistic models automatically yields contributions in the form of a weak density dependence not only in the central potential but also in the spin-orbit potential. The central potential affects the bulk and surface properties while the spin-orbit potential is crucial for the shell structure of finite nuclei. A modification in the Sky-rme-Hartree-Fock model with a density-dependent spin-orbit potential inspired by the point-coupling model is suggested. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Indonesia, FMIPA, Jurusan Fisika, Depok 16424, Indonesia. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60324 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Burvenich, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 308 IS 1 BP 354 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0003--4916(03)00146-5 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 742AY UT WOS:000186494100017 ER PT J AU Shen, LX Yang, JS Papadakis, M Kakadiaris, I Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK AF Shen, LX Yang, JS Papadakis, M Kakadiaris, I Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK TI On the smoothness of orthonormal wavelets arising from HDAFs SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SCALING FUNCTIONS; APPROXIMATION; FUNCTIONALS; REGULARITY AB In this paper, we give an estimation for the smoothness of a new family of symmetric orthonormal wavelets arising from Hermite Distributed Approximating Functionals (HDAFs). Their corresponding associated low pass filters are symmetric with respect to the origin. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Peking Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Papadakis, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. OI Kakadiaris, Ioannis/0000-0002-0591-1079 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 242 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2003.08.001 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 737YM UT WOS:000186260000003 ER PT J AU Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B AF Seely, J Kjornrattanawanich, B TI Measurement of extreme-ultraviolet attenuation edges of magnesium, tin, and indium filters SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GRATING-CRYSTAL MONOCHROMATOR; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; ALUMINUM; FILMS; RADIATION AB We determined the energies of the Mg L-2,L-3, Sn N-4,N-5, and In N-4,N-5 attenuation edges by measuring the transmission of high-resolution synchrotron radiation through thin filters. The Al L-2,L-3 and Si L-3 edges observed in the first and higher diffraction orders from the monochromator were used as energy fiducials. For each attenuation edge, the onset of attenuation with increasing energy and the inflection point of the attenuation curve were measured. The measured energy values were compared with previously determined attenuation edge energies and with electron binding energies. The measured energies of the inflection points are Mg L-2 (49.89 +/- 0.02 eV), Mg L-3 (49.58 +/- 0.02 eV), Sn N-4 (25.00 +/- 0.02 eV), Sn N-5 (23.97 +/- 0.02 eV), In N-4 (17.66 +/- 0.02 eV), and In N-5 (16.70 +/- 0.02 eV). (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seely, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Code 7674,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 31 BP 6374 EP 6381 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006374 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 739TN UT WOS:000186362700018 PM 14649281 ER PT J AU Sinsabaugh, RL Saiya-Corka, K Long, T Osgood, MP Neher, DA Zak, DR Norby, RJ AF Sinsabaugh, RL Saiya-Corka, K Long, T Osgood, MP Neher, DA Zak, DR Norby, RJ TI Soil microbial activity in a Liquidambar plantation unresponsive to CO2-driven increases in primary production SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide enrichment; soil; extracellular enzyme activity; bacterial substrate utilization; nitrogen mineralization; global change ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN AB The indirect responses of soil microbiota to changes in plant physiology effected by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide have the potential to alter nutrient availability and soil carbon storage. We measured fine root density, microbial biomass nitrogen, rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification, substrate utilization by soil bacteria and extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) associated with bulk soil and fine root rhizoplanes within a 3-year period at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment, situated in a Liquidambar styraciflua plantation. Rhizoplane EEA was similar to that of bulk soil. Prior studies have reported a 21% increase in net primary production (NPP) in the enrichment plots and evidence that additional carbon is reaching the soil system, however we observed no response in any of the variables we measured. These results, which contrast with those from other temperate forest FACE sites, suggest that soil characteristics can influence the magnitude and timing of belowground responses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Sch, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sinsabaugh, RL (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RI Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 79 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(03)00002-7 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 744PK UT WOS:000186640700005 ER PT J AU Tarumi, T Small, GW Combs, RJ Kroutil, RT AF Tarumi, T Small, GW Combs, RJ Kroutil, RT TI Remote detection of heated ethanol plumes by airborne passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID PIECEWISE-LINEAR DISCRIMINANTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; AUTOMATED DETECTION; INTERFEROGRAMS; OPTIMIZATION; PREDICTION; DESIGN AB Methodology is developed for the automated detection of heated plumes of ethanol vapor with airborne passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Positioned in a fixed-wing aircraft in a downward-looking mode, the spectrometer is used to detect ground sources of ethanol vapor from an altitude of 2000-3000 ft. Challenges to the use of this approach for the routine detection of chemical plumes include (1) the presence of a constantly changing background radiance as the aircraft flies, (2) the cost and complexity of collecting the data needed to train the classification algorithms used in implementing the plume detection, and (3) the need for rapid interferogram scans to minimize the ground area viewed per scan. To address these challenges, this work couples a novel ground-based data collection and training protocol with the use of signal processing and pattern recognition methods based on short sections of the interferogram data collected by the spectrometer. In the data collection, heated plumes of ethanol vapor are released from a portable emission stack and viewed by the spectrometer from ground level against a synthetic background designed to simulate a terrestrial radiance source. Classifiers trained with these data are subsequently tested with airborne data collected over a period of 2.5 years. Two classifier architectures are compared in this work: support vector machines (SVM) and piecewise linear discriminant analysis (PLDA). When applied to the airborne test data, the SVM classifiers perform best, failing to detect ethanol in only 8% of the cases in which it is present. False detections occur at a rate of less than 0.5%. The classifier performs well in spite of differences between the backgrounds associated with the ground-based and airborne data collections and the instrumental drift arising from the long time span of the data collection. Further improvements in classification performance are judged to require increased sophistication in the ground-based data collection in order to provide a better match to the infrared backgrounds observed from the air. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Small, GW (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1432 EP 1441 DI 10.1366/000370203322554617 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 761YM UT WOS:000187943100018 PM 14658159 ER PT J AU Roth, KW Westphalen, D Brodrick, J AF Roth, KW Westphalen, D Brodrick, J TI Saving energy with building commissioning SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This is the ninth article covering one of several energy-saving technologies evaluated in a recent DOE report, which is available at www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/documents. C1 TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, KW (reprint author), TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 45 IS 11 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 740YK UT WOS:000186430600024 ER PT J AU Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Trumper, J Agueros, MA Boller, T Collinge, MJ Homer, L Stinson, G Strauss, MA Annis, J Gomez, P Hall, PB Nichol, RC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Fan, XH Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Richmond, MW Weinberg, DH Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M York, DG AF Anderson, SF Voges, W Margon, B Trumper, J Agueros, MA Boller, T Collinge, MJ Homer, L Stinson, G Strauss, MA Annis, J Gomez, P Hall, PB Nichol, RC Richards, GT Schneider, DP Vanden Berk, DE Fan, XH Ivezic, Z Munn, JA Newberg, HJ Richmond, MW Weinberg, DH Yanny, B Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Fukugita, M York, DG TI A large, uniform sample of X-ray-emitting AGNs: Selection approach and an initial catalog from the ROSAT All-Sky and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys; X-rays ID EARLY DATA RELEASE; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BRIGHT SOURCE CATALOG; OPTICAL IDENTIFICATIONS; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; HAMBURG/RASS CATALOG; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; QUASAR SURVEY AB Many open questions in X-ray astronomy are limited by the relatively small number of objects in uniform optically identified and observed samples, especially when rare subclasses are considered or when subsets are isolated to search for evolution or correlations between wavebands. We describe the initial results of a new program aimed to ultimately yield similar to10(4) fully characterized X-ray source identifications-a sample about an order of magnitude larger than earlier efforts. The technique is detailed and employs X-ray data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and optical imaging and spectroscopic follow-up from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS); these two surveys prove to be serendipitously very well matched in sensitivity. As part of the SDSS software pipelines, optical objects in the SDSS photometric catalogs are automatically positionally cross-correlated with RASS X-ray sources. Then priorities for follow-on SDSS optical spectra of candidate counterparts are automatically assigned using an algorithm based on the known ratios of f(x)/f(opt) for various classes of X-ray emitters at typical RASS fluxes of similar to10(-13) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). SDSS photometric parameters for optical morphology, magnitude, and colors, plus FIRST radio information, serve as proxies for object class. Initial application of this approach to RASS/SDSS data from 1400 deg(2) of sky provides a catalog of more than 1200 spectroscopically confirmed quasars and other AGNs that are probable RASS identifications. Most of these are new identifications, and only a few percent of the AGN counterparts are likely to be random superpositions. The magnitude and redshift ranges of the counterparts are very broad, extending over 1510(12) L-circle dot. Objects with small radio excesses are more likely to have far-infrared colors similar to starbursts, while objects with large radio excesses have far-infrared colors typical of pure AGNs. Some of the most far-infrared luminous radio-excess objects have the highest far-infrared optical depths. These are good candidates to search for hidden broad-line regions in polarized light or via near-infrared spectroscopy. Some low far-infrared luminosity radio-excess objects appear to derive a dominant fraction of their far-infrared emission from star formation, despite the dominance of the AGN at radio wavelengths. Many of the radio-excess objects have sizes likely to be smaller than the optical host but show optically thin radio emission, rather than. at radio spectra indicative of compact quasar cores. We draw parallels between these objects and high radio luminosity compact steep-spectrum and gigahertz peaked-spectrum objects. Radio sources with these characteristics may be young AGNs in which the radio activity has begun only recently. Alternatively, high central densities in the host galaxies may be con. ning the radio sources to compact sizes. We discuss future observations required to distinguish between these possibilities and determine the nature of radio-excess objects. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Drake, CL (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. RI Dopita, Michael/P-5413-2014 OI Dopita, Michael/0000-0003-0922-4986 NR 181 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 126 IS 5 BP 2237 EP 2267 DI 10.1086/378714 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742AZ UT WOS:000186494200011 ER PT J AU Johnston, DE Richards, GT Frieman, JA Keeton, CR Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Becker, RH White, RL Johnson, ET Ma, ZM SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Brinkmann, J Eisenstein, DJ Fukugita, M Hall, PB Inada, N Pindor, B Schlegel, DJ Scranton, R Sheldon, ES Schneider, DP Szalay, AS York, DG AF Johnston, DE Richards, GT Frieman, JA Keeton, CR Strauss, MA Knapp, GR Becker, RH White, RL Johnson, ET Ma, ZM SubbaRao, M Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Brinkmann, J Eisenstein, DJ Fukugita, M Hall, PB Inada, N Pindor, B Schlegel, DJ Scranton, R Sheldon, ES Schneider, DP Szalay, AS York, DG TI SDSS J090334.92+502819.2: A new gravitational lens SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (SDSS J090334.92+502819.2) ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; EARLY DATA RELEASE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; VELOCITY; SPECTROGRAPH AB We report the discovery of a new gravitationally lensed quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, SDSS J090334.92+502819.2. This object was targeted for SDSS spectroscopy as a luminous red galaxy, but manual examination of the spectrum showed the presence of a quasar at zsimilar or equal to3.6 in addition to a red galaxy at z=0.388, and the SDSS image showed a second possible quasar image nearby. Follow-up imaging and spectroscopy confirmed the lensing hypothesis. In images taken at the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m telescope, two quasars are separated by 2".8; the lensing galaxy is clearly seen and is blended with one of the quasar images. Spectroscopy taken at the Keck II telescope shows that the quasars have identical redshifts of zsimilar or equal to3.6, and both show the presence of the same broad absorption line-like troughs. We present simple lens models that account for the geometry and magnifications. The lens galaxy lies near two groups of galaxies and may be a part of them. The models suggest that the groups may contribute considerable shear that has a strong effect on the lens configuration. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Johnston, DE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI PINDOR, BARTOSZ/0000-0003-3240-2437 NR 71 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 126 IS 5 BP 2281 EP 2290 DI 10.1086/379001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742AZ UT WOS:000186494200013 ER PT J AU Bogdanovic, T Ge, J Max, CE Raschke, LM AF Bogdanovic, T Ge, J Max, CE Raschke, LM TI Circumnuclear shock and starburst in NGC 6240: Near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy with adaptive optics SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 6240); galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : starburst; techniques : high angular resolution ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; NGC 6240; GALAXY NGC-6240; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; MERGING GALAXIES; EMISSION; H-2; EXCITATION; CHANDRA; CAMERA AB We have obtained adaptive optics, high spatial resolution (0.15"), K-band spectra and images of the region around the two active nuclei in NGC 6240, which show the presence of circumnuclear shocks. The data are consistent with thermal excitation being the dominant mechanism in the nuclear region. UV fluorescence and associative detachment may also contribute to the fraction of energy emitted through molecular hydrogen transitions. The near-IR continuum emission appears closely associated with the two active nuclei. The morphological similarities between the near-IR images and the Chandra X-ray images indicate that the same mechanisms may be responsible for the emission in the near-IR and X-ray bands. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bogdanovic, T (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 532 & 514 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 126 IS 5 BP 2299 EP 2306 DI 10.1086/378906 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742AZ UT WOS:000186494200015 ER PT J AU Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Dehnen, W Rix, HW Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Rockosi, CM Martinez-Delgado, D Brinkmann, J Pier, JR AF Odenkirchen, M Grebel, EK Dehnen, W Rix, HW Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Rockosi, CM Martinez-Delgado, D Brinkmann, J Pier, JR TI The extended tails of Palomar 5: A 10 degrees arc of globular cluster tidal debris SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; globular clusters : general; globular clusters : individual (Palomar 5) ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; GALACTIC MASS-DISTRIBUTION; HST LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; SIMPLE DYNAMICAL MODELS; MILKY-WAY; STAR-CLUSTERS; GIANT STARS; EVOLUTION AB Using wide-field photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we recently showed that the Galactic globular cluster Palomar 5 is in the process of being tidally disrupted. Its tidal tails were initially detected in a 2.degrees5 wide band along the celestial equator. A new analysis of SDSS data for a larger field now reveals that the tails of Pal 5 have a much larger spatial extent and can be traced over an arc of 10degrees on the sky, corresponding to a projected length of 4 kpc at the distance of the cluster. The tail that trails behind the Galactic motion of the cluster fades into the field at an angular distance of 6.degrees5 from the cluster center but shows a pronounced density maximum between 2degrees and 4degrees from the center. The leading tail, of length 3.degrees5, extends down to the border of the available. eld and thus presumably continues beyond it. The projected width of these tails is small and almost constant (FWHM similar to 120 pc), which implies that they form a dynamically cold and hence long-lived structure. The number of former cluster stars found in the tails adds up to about 1.2 times the number of stars in the cluster, that is, the tails are more massive than the cluster in its present state. The radial profile of stellar surface density in the tails approximately follows a power law r(gamma) with -1.5 less than or equal to gamma less than or equal to -1.2. The stream of debris from Pal 5 is significantly curved, which demonstrates its acceleration by the Galactic potential. The stream sets tight constraints on the geometry of the cluster's Galactic orbit. We conclude that the cluster is presently near the apocenter but has repeatedly undergone disk crossings in the inner part of the Galaxy leading to strong tidal shocks. Using the spatial offset between the tails and the cluster's orbit, we estimate the mean drift rate of the tidal debris and thus the mean mass-loss rate of the cluster. Our results suggest that the observed debris originates mostly from mass loss within the last 2 Gyr. The cluster is likely to be destroyed after the next disk crossing, which will happen in about 100 Myr. There is strong evidence against the suggestion that Pal 5 might be associated with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. C1 Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Odenkirchen, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 76 TC 209 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 126 IS 5 BP 2385 EP 2407 DI 10.1086/378601 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742AZ UT WOS:000186494200023 ER PT J AU Liebert, J Harris, HC Dahn, CC Schmidt, GD Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Krzesinski, J Eisenstein, D Smith, JA Szkody, P Hawley, S Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Collinge, MJ Fan, XH Hall, PB Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Margon, B Schneider, DP Silvestri, N AF Liebert, J Harris, HC Dahn, CC Schmidt, GD Kleinman, SJ Nitta, A Krzesinski, J Eisenstein, D Smith, JA Szkody, P Hawley, S Anderson, SF Brinkmann, J Collinge, MJ Fan, XH Hall, PB Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Margon, B Schneider, DP Silvestri, N TI SDSS white dwarfs with spectra showing atomic oxygen and/or carbon lines SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : atmospheres; white dwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC ANALYSIS; IMAGING PIPELINES; DREDGE-UP; HELIUM; STARS; ABUNDANCE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; G35-26 AB We discuss 18 white dwarfs, one of which (G227-5) was previously known, whose SDSS spectra show lines of neutral and/or singly ionized carbon. At least two and perhaps four show lines of neutral or singly ionized oxygen. Apart from the extremely hot "PG 1159'' stars, these are the first white dwarfs with photospheric oxygen detected in their optical spectra. The photometry strongly suggests that these stars lie in the 11,000-30,000 K temperature range of the helium-atmosphere DB white dwarfs, though only one of them shows weak neutral helium lines in the spectrum. Trigonometric parallaxes are known for G227-5 and another, previously known white dwarf (G35-26) showing atomic carbon lines, and they indicate that both are massive stars. Theoretical arguments suggest that all members of this class of rare white dwarfs are massive (similar to1 M.), and this finding could explain the paucity of massive DB white dwarfs. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Arizona, Multiple Mirror Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Cracow Pedag Univ, Mt Suhora Observ, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liebert, J (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; OI Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601 NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 126 IS 5 BP 2521 EP 2528 DI 10.1086/378911 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 742AZ UT WOS:000186494200033 ER PT J AU von Kienlin, A Beckmann, V Rau, A Arend, N Bennett, K McBreen, B Connell, P Deluit, S Hanlon, L Hurley, K Kippen, M Lichti, GG Moran, L Preece, R Roques, JP Schonfelder, V Skinner, G Strong, A Williams, R AF von Kienlin, A Beckmann, V Rau, A Arend, N Bennett, K McBreen, B Connell, P Deluit, S Hanlon, L Hurley, K Kippen, M Lichti, GG Moran, L Preece, R Roques, JP Schonfelder, V Skinner, G Strong, A Williams, R TI INTEGRAL Spectrometer SPI's GRB detection capabilities - GRBs detected inside SPI's FoV and with the anticoincidence system ACS SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray bursts; GRB; gamma-ray astronomy; INTEGRAL; SPI ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; ERROR BOX; SUPERNOVA; DISCOVERY; EMISSION AB The spectrometer SPI, one of the two main instruments of the INTEGRAL spacecraft, offers significant gamma-ray burst detection capabilities. In its 35degrees (full width) field of view SPI is able to localise gamma-ray bursts at a mean rate of similar to 0.8 /month. With its large anticoincidence shield of 512 kg of BGO crystals SPI is able to detect gamma-ray bursts quasi omni-directionally with a very high sensitivity. Burst alerts of the anticoincidence shield are distributed by the INTEGRAL Burst Alert System. In the first 8 months of the mission about 0.8 / day gamma-ray burst candidates and 0.3 / day gamma-ray burst positions were obtained with the anticoincidence shield by interplanetary network triangulations with other spacecrafts. C1 Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. INTEGRAL Sci Data Ctr, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Expt Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. Univ Birmingham, Space Res Grp, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. UAH, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, SCI SDG, Sci Operat & Data Syst Div, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP von Kienlin, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbach Str, D-85748 Garching, Germany. OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 411 IS 1 BP L299 EP L305 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031231 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 737JZ UT WOS:000186227800048 ER PT J AU Einasto, J Einasto, M Hutsi, G Saar, E Tucker, DL Tago, E Muller, V Heinamaki, P Allam, SS AF Einasto, J Einasto, M Hutsi, G Saar, E Tucker, DL Tago, E Muller, V Heinamaki, P Allam, SS TI Clusters and superclusters in the Las Campanas redshift survey SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe; galaxies : clusters : general ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; LOOSE GROUPS; VOID NETWORK; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RICH CLUSTERS; DENSITY FIELD; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; CATALOG AB We use a 2-dimensional high-resolution density field of galaxies of the Las Campanas Redshift Survey (LCRS) with a smoothing length 0.8 h(-1) Mpc to extract clusters and groups of galaxies, and a low-resolution field with a smoothing length 10 h(-1) Mpc to find superclusters of galaxies. We study the properties of these density field (DF) clusters and superclusters, and compare the properties of the DF-clusters and superclusters with those of Abell clusters and superclusters and LCRS groups. We show that among the cluster samples studied the DF-cluster sample best describes the large-scale distribution of matter and the fine structure of superclusters. We calculate the DF-cluster luminosity function and find that clusters in high-density environments are about ten times more luminous than those in low-density environments. We show that the DF-superclusters that contain Abell clusters are richer and more luminous than the DF-superclusters without Abell clusters. The distribution of DF-clusters and superclusters shows the hierarchy of systems in the universe. C1 Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Einasto, M (reprint author), Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 410 IS 2 BP 425 EP 443 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031105 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZX UT WOS:000185917300010 ER PT J AU Romero, GE Torres, DF Bernado, MMK Mirabel, IF AF Romero, GE Torres, DF Bernado, MMK Mirabel, IF TI Hadronic gamma-ray emission from windy microquasars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : binaries; stars; gamma-rays : observations; gamma rays : theory ID ACCRETING BLACK-HOLES; RELATIVISTIC JETS; XTE J1550-564; RADIATION; SS-433; RADIO; SYMBIOSIS; DISCOVERY; SPECTRUM; FLARES AB The jets of microquasars with high-mass stellar companions are exposed to the dense matter field of the stellar wind. We present estimates of the gamma-ray emission expected from the jet-wind hadronic interaction and we discuss the detectability of the phenomenon at high energies. The proposed mechanism could explain some of the unidentified gamma-ray sources detected by EGRET instrument on the galactic plane. C1 Inst Argentino Radioastron, RA-1894 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA DSM DAPNIA, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Inst Argentino Radioastron, CC 5, RA-1894 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM romero@venus.fisica.unlp.edu.ar RI Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 34 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 410 IS 2 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031314 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZX UT WOS:000185917300001 ER PT J AU Arnaboldi, C Avignone, FT Beeman, J Barucci, M Balata, M Brofferio, C Bucci, C Cebrian, S Creswick, RJ Capelli, S Carbone, L Cremonesi, O de Ward, A Fiorini, E Farach, HA Frossati, G Giuliani, A Gorla, P Haller, EE Irastorza, IG McDonald, RJ Morales, A Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Pedretti, M Pobes, C Palmieri, V Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Rosenfeld, C Scopel, S Smith, AR Sisti, M Ventura, G Vanzini, M AF Arnaboldi, C Avignone, FT Beeman, J Barucci, M Balata, M Brofferio, C Bucci, C Cebrian, S Creswick, RJ Capelli, S Carbone, L Cremonesi, O de Ward, A Fiorini, E Farach, HA Frossati, G Giuliani, A Gorla, P Haller, EE Irastorza, IG McDonald, RJ Morales, A Norman, EB Nucciotti, A Pedretti, M Pobes, C Palmieri, V Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Previtali, E Rosenfeld, C Scopel, S Smith, AR Sisti, M Ventura, G Vanzini, M CA CUORE Collaboration TI Physics potential and prospects for the CUORICINO and CUORE experiments SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE underground detectors; double beta decay; dark matter; WIMPs; axions ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; COHERENT PRIMAKOFF CONVERSION; ANNUAL MODULATION SIGNATURE; OPERATOR EXPANSION METHOD; PARTICLE DARK-MATTER; SOLAR AXION SEARCHES; RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; EDELWEISS WIMP SEARCH; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; GERMANIUM SPECTROMETER AB The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) experiment projects to construct and operate an array of 1000 cryogenic thermal detectors of TeO2, of a mass of 760 g each, to investigate rare events physics, in particular, double beta decay and non-baryonic particle dark matter. A first step towards CUORE is CUORICINO, an array of 62 bolometers, currently being installed in the Gran Sasso Laboratory. In this paper we report the physics potential of both stages of the experiment regarding neutrinoless double beta decay of Te-130, WIMP searches and solar axions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20136 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Fis, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, Laquila, Italy. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Sci Chim Fis & Matemat, I-22100 Como, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Milano, I-22100 Como, Italy. Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy. RP Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. EM amorales@posta.unizar.es RI Barucci, Marco/D-4209-2012; Sisti, Monica/B-7550-2013; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Nucciotti, Angelo/I-8888-2012; Gorla, Paolo/B-5243-2014; capelli, silvia/G-5168-2012 OI Barucci, Marco/0000-0003-0381-3376; Sisti, Monica/0000-0003-2517-1909; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Nucciotti, Angelo/0000-0002-8458-1556; capelli, silvia/0000-0002-0300-2752 NR 119 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2 BP 91 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00180-4 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 740EG UT WOS:000186389100002 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Sato, K Dalhed, HE Wilson, JR AF Takahashi, K Sato, K Dalhed, HE Wilson, JR TI Shock propagation and neutrino oscillation in supernova SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1987A AB The effect of the shock propagation on neutrino oscillation in supernova is studied paying attention to evolution of average energy of v(e) and (v) over bar (e). We show that the effect appears as a decrease in average v(e) (in case of inverted mass hierarchy, (v) over bar (e)) energy at stellar surface as the shock propagates. It is found that the effect is significant 2 s after bounce if 3 x 10(-5) < sin(2) theta(13) < 10(-2). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM ktaro@utap.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Takahashi, Keitaro/L-5930-2015 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00175-0 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 740EG UT WOS:000186389100008 ER PT J AU Kandrup, HE Sideris, IV Terzic, B Bohn, CL AF Kandrup, HE Sideris, IV Terzic, B Bohn, CL TI Supermassive black hole binaries as galactic blenders SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : structure; stellar dynamics ID DYNAMICAL FRICTION; VIOLENT RELAXATION; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; GALAXIES; DENSITY; CHAOS AB This paper focuses on the dynamical implications of close supermassive black hole binaries both as an example of resonant phase mixing and as a potential explanation of inversions and other anomalous features observed in the luminosity profiles of some elliptical galaxies. The presence of a binary comprised of black holes executing nearly periodic orbits leads to the possibility of a broad resonant coupling between the black holes and various stars in the galaxy. This can result in efficient chaotic phase mixing and, in many cases, systematic increases in the energies of stars and their consequent transport toward larger radii. Allowing for a supermassive black hole binary with plausible parameter values near the center of a spherical, or nearly spherical, galaxy characterized initially by a Nuker density pro. le enables one to reproduce in considerable detail the central surface brightness distributions of such galaxies as NGC 3706. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Fundamental Theory, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kandrup, HE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 1 BP 111 EP 130 DI 10.1086/378287 PN 1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736KW UT WOS:000186170800011 ER PT J AU Mukai, K Hellier, C Madejski, G Patterson, J Skillman, DR AF Mukai, K Hellier, C Madejski, G Patterson, J Skillman, DR TI X-ray variability of the magnetic cataclysmic variable V1432 Aquilae and the Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RX J1940.1-1025; INTERMEDIATE POLARS; ACCRETION GEOMETRY; WHITE-DWARF; AM; ASTRONOMY; ECLIPSES; BINARIES; BEPPOSAX AB V1432 Aquilae (= RX J1940.2 - 1025) is the X-ray - bright, eclipsing magnetic cataclysmic variable similar to37' away from the Seyfert galaxy NGC 6814. Because of a 0.3% difference between the orbital (12,116.3 s) and the spin ( 12,150 s) periods, the accretion geometry changes over the similar to 50 day beat period. Here we report the results of a Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer campaign to observe the eclipse 25 times, as well as of archival observations with ASCA and BeppoSAX. Having confirmed that the eclipse is indeed caused by the secondary, we use the eclipse timings and profiles to map the accretion geometry as a function of the beat phase. We find that the accretion region is compact and that it moves relative to the center of white dwarf on the beat period. The amplitude of this movement suggests a low-mass white dwarf, in contrast to the high mass previously estimated from its X-ray spectrum. The size of the X-ray emission region appears to be larger than in other eclipsing magnetic cataclysmic variables. We also report on the RXTE data as well as the long-term behavior of NGC 6814, indicating flux variability by a factor of at least 10 on timescales of years. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Keele, Dept Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Glast Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Backyard Astrophys E, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Mukai, K (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mukai@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Skillman, David/C-8995-2013 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 1 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.1086/378318 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736KW UT WOS:000186170800043 ER PT J AU Butt, YM Benaglia, P Combi, JA Corcoran, M Dame, TM Drake, J Bernado, MK Milne, P Miniati, F Pohl, M Reimer, O Romero, GE Rupen, M AF Butt, YM Benaglia, P Combi, JA Corcoran, M Dame, TM Drake, J Bernado, MK Milne, P Miniati, F Pohl, M Reimer, O Romero, GE Rupen, M TI Chandra/Very Large Array follow-up of TeV J2032+4131, the only unidentified TeV gamma-ray source SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations ID STARBURST GALAXY NGC-253; COSMIC-RAYS; CYGNUS OB2; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; STELLAR WINDS; SHOCK ACCELERATION; GALACTIC PLANE; MASSIVE STARS; MILKY-WAY AB The High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy (HEGRA) Cerenkov telescope array group recently reported a steady and extended unidentified TeV gamma-ray source lying at the outskirts of Cygnus OB2. This is the most massive stellar association known in the Galaxy, estimated to contain similar to 2600 OB-type members alone. It has been previously argued that the large-scale shocks and turbulence induced by the multiple interacting supersonic winds from the many young stars in such associations may play a role in accelerating Galactic cosmic rays. Indeed, Cyg OB2 also coincides with the nonvariable MeV - GeV range unidentified EGRET source, 3EG 2033+ 4118. We report on the near-simultaneous follow-up observations of the extended TeV source region with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and the Very Large Array radio telescope, obtained in order to explore this possibility. Analysis of the CO, H I, and IRAS 100 mum emissions shows that the TeV source region coincides with an outlying subgroup of powerful OB stars that have evacuated or destroyed much of the ambient atomic, molecular, and dust material and that may be related to the very high energy emissions. An interesting supernova-remnant - like structure is also revealed near the TeV source region in the CO, H I, and radio emission maps. Applying a numerical simulation that accurately tracks the radio to gamma-ray emission from primary hadrons as well as primary and secondary e(+/-), we find that the broadband spectrum of the TeV source region favors a predominantly nucleonic - rather than electronic - origin for the high-energy flux, although deeper X-ray and radio observations will help confirm this. A very reasonable, similar to 0.1%, conversion efficiency of Cyg OB2' s extreme stellar wind mechanical luminosity to nucleonic acceleration to similar to PeV (10(15) eV) energies is sufficient to explain the multifrequency emissions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Inst Argentino Radioastron, RA-1894 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Space Res Assoc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 NR 75 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 597 IS 1 BP 494 EP 512 DI 10.1086/378121 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736KW UT WOS:000186170800044 ER PT J AU Pruet, J Fuller, GM AF Pruet, J Fuller, GM TI Estimates of stellar weak interaction rates for nuclei in the mass range A=65-80 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances ID SHELL-MODEL CALCULATIONS; GAMOW-TELLER STRENGTH; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; BETA-DECAY; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; STARS; DISTRIBUTIONS; A=45-65 AB We estimate lepton capture and emission rates, as well as neutrino energy loss rates, for nuclei in the mass range A = 65-80. These rates are calculated on a temperature/density grid appropriate for a wide range of astrophysical applications including simulations of late time stellar evolution and X-ray bursts. The basic inputs in our single-particle and empirically inspired model are (i) experimentally measured level information, weak transition matrix elements, and lifetimes, (ii) estimates of matrix elements for allowed experimentally unmeasured transitions based on the systematics of experimentally observed allowed transitions, and (iii) estimates of the centroids of the GT resonances motivated by shell model calculations in the fp shell as well as by (n, p) and (p, n) experiments. Fermi resonances (isobaric analog states) are also included, and it is shown that Fermi transitions dominate the rates for most interesting proton-rich nuclei for which an experimentally determined ground state lifetime is unavailable. For the purposes of comparing our results with more detailed shell model based calculations we also calculate weak rates for nuclei in the mass range A = 60-65 for which Langanke & Martinez-Pinedo have provided rates. The typical deviation in the electron capture and beta-decay rates for these approximate to30 nuclei is less than a factor of 2 or 3 for a wide range of temperature and density appropriate for presupernova stellar evolution. We also discuss some subtleties associated with the partition functions used in calculations of stellar weak rates and show that the proper treatment of the partition functions is essential for estimating high-temperature beta-decay rates. In particular, we show that partition functions based on unconverged Lanczos calculations can result in errors in estimates of high-temperature beta-decay rates. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Pruet, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 149 IS 1 BP 189 EP 203 DI 10.1086/376753 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736LL UT WOS:000186172200008 ER PT J AU Mielke, SP Krishnan, VV AF Mielke, SP Krishnan, VV TI Protein structural class identification directly from NMR spectra using averaged chemical shifts SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; PRACTICAL GUIDE; NEURAL-NETWORK; C-13 AB Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of proteins is integral to understanding their functions, and a necessity in the era of proteomics. A wide range of computational methods is employed to estimate the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins. Comprehensive experimental methods, on the other hand, are limited to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography. The full characterization of individual structures, using either of these techniques, is extremely time intensive. The demands of high throughput proteomics necessitate the development of new, faster experimental methods for providing structural information. As a first step toward such a method, we explore the possibility of determining the structural classes of proteins directly from their NMR spectra, prior to resonance assignment, using averaged chemical shifts. This is achieved by correlating NMR-based information with empirical structure-based information available in widely used electronic databases. The results are analyzed statistically for their significance. The robustness of the method as a structure predictor is probed by applying it to a set of proteins of unknown structure. Our results show that this NMR-based method can be used as a low-resolution tool for protein structural class identification. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program L448, Mol Biophys Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Krishnan, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program L448, Mol Biophys Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 16 BP 2054 EP 2064 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg280 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 741FW UT WOS:000186448900007 PM 14594710 ER PT J AU Firestone, MA Wolf, AC Seifert, S AF Firestone, MA Wolf, AC Seifert, S TI Small-angle x-ray scattering study of the interaction of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers with lipid bilayers SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; COMPLEX FLUID; MEMBRANES; POLYMER; LIPOSOMES; VESICLES; DYNAMICS AB The relationship between molecular architecture and the nature of interactions with lipid bilayers has been studied for a series of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC). The number of molecular repeat units in the hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide), PPO, block has been found to be a critical determinant of the nature of triblock copolymer-lipid bilayer association. For dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC)-based biomembrane structures, polymers possessing a PPO chain length commensurate with the acyl chain dimensions of the lipid bilayer yield highly ordered, swollen lamellar structures consistent with well-integrated (into the lipid bilayer) PPO blocks. Triblock copolymers of lesser PPO chain length yield materials with structural characteristics similar to a simple dispersion of DMPC in water. Increasing the concentration (from 4 to 12 mol %) of well-integrated triblock copolymers enhances the structural ordering of the lamellar phase, while concentrations exceeding 16 mol % result in the formation of a hexagonal phase. Examination of temperature-induced changes in the structure of these mesophases (complex fluids) reveals that if the temperature is reduced sufficiently, all compositions exclude polymer and thus exhibit the characteristic SAXS pattern for hydrated DMPC bilayers. Increasing the temperature promotes better insertion of the polymers possessing PPO chain lengths sufficient for membrane insertion. No temperature-induced structural changes are observed in compositions prepared with PEO-PPO-PEO polymers that feature PPO length insufficient to permit full incorporation into the lipid bilayer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1539 EP 1549 DI 10.1021/bm034134r PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 746CV UT WOS:000186729700011 PM 14606878 ER PT J AU Ghosh, T Garde, S Garcia, AE AF Ghosh, T Garde, S Garcia, AE TI Role of backbone hydration and salt-bridge formation in stability of alpha-helix in solution SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALANINE-BASED PEPTIDES; EXPLICIT SOLVENT; RICH PEPTIDES; AMINO-ACID; PROTEIN; STABILIZATION; PROPENSITIES; SYSTEM; DESIGN AB We test molecular level hypotheses for the high thermal stability of alpha-helical conformations of alanine-based peptides by performing detailed atomistic simulations of a 20-amino-acid peptide with explicit treatment of water. To assess the contribution of large side chains to alpha-helix stability through backbone desolvation and salt-bridge formation, we simulate the alanine-rich peptide, Ac-YAEAAKAAEAAKAAEAAKAF-Nme, referred to as the EK peptide, that has three pairs of "i, i + 3'' glutamic acid(-) and lysine(+) substitutions. Efficient configurational sampling of the EK peptide over a wide temperature range enabled by the replica exchange molecular dynamics technique allows characterization of the stability of alpha-helix with respect to heat-induced unfolding. We find that near ambient temperatures, the EK peptide predominately samples alpha-helical configurations with 80% fractional helicity at 300 K. The helix melts over a broad range of temperatures with melting temperature, T-m, equal to 350 K, that is significantly higher than the T-m of a 21-residue polyalanine peptide, A(21). Salt-bridges between oppositely charged Glu(-) and Lys(+) side chains can, in principle, provide thermal stability to alpha-helical conformers. For the specific EK peptide sequence, we observe infrequent formation of Glu-Lys salt-bridges (with similar to10-20% probability) and therefore we conclude that salt-bridge formation does not contribute significantly to the EK peptide's helical stability. However, lysine side chains are found to shield specific "i, i + 4'' backbone hydrogen bonds from water, indicating that large side-chain substituents can play an important role in stabilizing alpha-helical configurations of short peptides in aqueous solution through mediation of water access to backbone hydrogen bonds. These observations have implications on molecular engineering of peptides and biomolecules in the design of their thermostable variants where the shielding mechanism can act in concert with other factors such as salt-bridge formation, thereby increasing thermal stability considerably. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Isermann Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Garcia, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T1 Ms K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Garde, Shekhar/C-3060-2008 NR 42 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 16 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 85 IS 5 BP 3187 EP 3193 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 736UA UT WOS:000186190500037 PM 14581218 ER PT J AU Coombs, D Gilchrist, MA Percus, J Perelson, AS AF Coombs, D Gilchrist, MA Percus, J Perelson, AS TI Optimal viral production SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; MATHEMATICAL-ANALYSIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HIV-1 INFECTION; VIRUS; MODEL; DELAY; CELLS AB Viruses reproduce by multiplying within host cells. The reproductive fitness of a virus is proportional to the number of offspring it can produce during the lifetime of the cell it infects. If viral production rates are independent of cell death rate, then one expects natural selection will favor viruses that maximize their production rates. However, if increases in the viral production rate lead to an increase in the cell death rate, then the viral production rate that maximizes fitness may be less than the maximum. Here we pose the question of how fast should a virus replicate in order to maximize the number of progeny virions that it produces. We present a general mathematical framework for studying problems of this type, which may be adapted to many host-parasite systems, and use it to examine the optimal virus production scheduling problem from the perspective of the virus. (C) 2003 Society for Mathematical Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Coombs, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gilchrist, Michael/A-8209-2008; OI Gilchrist, Michael/0000-0002-6936-0771; Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1023 DI 10.1016/S0092-8240(03)00056-9 PG 21 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 747MV UT WOS:000186809000003 PM 14607286 ER PT J AU Stirling, B Yang, ZK Gunter, LE Tuskan, GA Bradshaw, HD AF Stirling, B Yang, ZK Gunter, LE Tuskan, GA Bradshaw, HD TI Comparative sequence analysis between orthologous regions of the Arabidopsis and Populus genomes reveals substantial synteny and microcollinearity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DRAFT SEQUENCE; THALIANA; GENE; BRASSICA; TOMATO; RICE; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; SEGMENTS; LOCUS AB More than 300 kb of DNA sequence from five Populus bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones was compared with the complete sequence of the Arabidopsis genome to search for collinearity between the genomes of these two plant genera. Approximately 27% of the DNA sequences from the Populus genome were homologous to protein-coding regions in the Arabidopsis genome. BLAST scores and synteny were used to infer orthologous relationships between the Populus and Arabidopsis homologs. The probability that any pair of genes on a single Populus BAC will have orthologs on the same Arabidopsis chromosome is 46%-58%, substantially greater than the 20% expectation if there is no conservation of synteny between the Populus and Arabidopsis genomes. Likewise, the probability that any pair of genes on a single Populus BAC will have orthologs on a single Arabidopsis BAC is 19%-25%, much higher than the 0.1% expected if the orthologs are randomly distributed. These results provide evidence for substantial "pockets" of conserved microcollinearity between regions of the Populus and Arabidopsis genomes as well as for conservation of synteny even when local gene collinearity is not preserved during genome evolution. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bradshaw, HD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 355325, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM toby@u.washington.edu RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2245 EP 2251 DI 10.1139/X03-155 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 743DZ UT WOS:000186558300021 ER PT J AU Smith, TR Levine, EA Perrier, ND Miller, MS Freimanis, RI Lohman, K Case, LD Xu, JF Mohrenweiser, HW Hu, JJ AF Smith, TR Levine, EA Perrier, ND Miller, MS Freimanis, RI Lohman, K Case, LD Xu, JF Mohrenweiser, HW Hu, JJ TI DNA-repair genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ACID SUBSTITUTION VARIANTS; IONIZING-RADIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; XRCC1; SENSITIVITY; MUTANTS; HUMANS AB Mammalian cells are constantly exposed to genotoxic agents from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Genetic variability in DNA repair contributes to deficient repair and breast cancer risk. Using samples collected in an ongoing, clinic-based, case-control study (253 cases and 268 controls), we tested whether breast cancer risk is associated with four amino acid substitution variants in three DNA repair genes, including XRCC1 Arg194Trp and XRCC1 Arg399Gln in base excision repair, XRCC3 Thr241Met in homologous recombination repair, and ERCC4/XPF Arg415Gln in nucleotide excision repair. Carriers of at least one variant allele of XRCC1 Arg194Trp [Arg/Trp and Trp/Trp versus Arg/Arg, odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89-2.87] or two variant alleles of XRCC3 241Met/Met may have an increased risk of breast cancer (Met/Met versus Thr/Thr and Thr/Met, OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.94-2.52). No association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln genotype and breast cancer risk was observed. The genotype distribution of ERCC4/XPF Arg415Gln differed significantly between cases and controls (P = 0.02), and the ERCC4/XPF 415Gln/Gln genotype was found in only seven cases (3%) but not in controls. In addition, breast cancer risk was significantly associated with an increasing number of combined variant alleles of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC3 Thr241Met, and ERCC4/XPF Arg415Gln in a four-level model (P-trend = 0.04): OR = 1.0 for those without a variant allele (referent group); OR = 1.04 (95% CI = 0.67-1.61) for those with one variant allele; OR = 1.38 (95% CI = 0.83-2.29) for those with two variant alleles; and age-adjusted OR = 2.60 (95% CI 1.03-6.59) for those with three or more variant alleles after adjustment for age, family history, age at menarche, age at first live birth, and body mass index. We provide evidence that variants of XRCC1, XRCC3, and ERCC4/XPF genes, particularly in combination, contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hu, JJ (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81330, CA73629, CA91221] NR 22 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1200 EP 1204 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 750NB UT WOS:000187001700012 PM 14652281 ER PT J AU Campisi, J AF Campisi, J TI Cancer and aging: Basic biologic relationships SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 26-30, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Canc Res & Prevent Fdn, SuperGen, AFLAC Inc, Avon Fdn, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Co, NCI, Takeda Pharmaceut N Amer Inc, Calif Breast Canc Res Program C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 12 IS 11 SU S BP 1361S EP 1361S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 752GT UT WOS:000187153300322 ER PT J AU Mangel, WF Baniecki, ML McGrath, WJ AF Mangel, WF Baniecki, ML McGrath, WJ TI Specific interactions of the adenovirus proteinase with the viral DNA, an 11-amino-acid viral peptide, and the cellular protein actin SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE actin; cofactor; cysteine proteinase; cytokeratin 18; precursor protein ID IN-VITRO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HELA-CELLS; BINDING; COFACTOR; ACTIVATION; CLEAVES; TYPE-2; PAPAIN; VIRION AB The adenovirus proteinase (AVP) is synthesized in an inactive form that requires cofactors for activation. The interaction of AVP with two viral cofactors and with a cellular cofactor, actin, is characterized by quantitative analyses. The results are consistent with a specific model for the regulation of AVP. Late in adenovirus infection, inside nascent virions, AVP becomes partially activated by binding to the viral DNA, allowing it to cleave out an 11-amino-acid viral peptide, pVIc, that binds to AVP and fully activates it. Then, about 70 AVP-pVIc complexes move along the viral DNA, via one-dimensional diffusion, cleaving virion precursor proteins 3200 times to render a virus particle infectious. Late in adenovirus infection, in the cytoplasm, the cytoskeleton is destroyed. The amino acid sequence of the C terminus of actin is homologous to that of pVIc, and actin, like pVIc, can act as a cofactor for AVP in the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 and of actin itself. Thus, AVP may also play a role in cell lysis. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Mangel, WF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41599, R01 AI041599] NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 60 IS 11 BP 2347 EP 2355 DI 10.1007/s00018-003-2318-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 744LQ UT WOS:000186632400008 PM 14625681 ER PT J AU Kirmaier, C Laible, PD Hindin, E Hanson, DK Holten, D AF Kirmaier, C Laible, PD Hindin, E Hanson, DK Holten, D TI Detergent effects on primary charge separation in wild-type and mutant Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; SIDE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BOUND REACTION CENTERS; R-26 REACTION CENTERS; EXCITED-STATE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SPHAEROIDES R-26; PHOTOACTIVE BACTERIOPHEOPHYTIN; MONOMER BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL AB The primary electron-transfer processes in reaction centers (RCs) from wild-type and several mutants of Rhodobacter capsulatus have been investigated as a function of the detergent used to extract the RC protein from the membrane. Wild-type and L(M212)H mutant RCs that have been isolated using the detergent Deriphat 160-C both display somewhat slower initial charge separation (longer P* lifetimes) than the same RCs isolated using the detergent LDAO. For the F(L181)Y/Y(M208)F/L(M212)H triple mutant, the differences in the initial charge separation events for Deriphat-versus LDAO-isolated RCs are more significant. In all cases, use of Deriphat 160-C to extract the protein from the membrane yields RCs in which the Q(Y) band of P is retained at its native position near 865 nm, whereas LDAO extraction yields RCs that have the P band near 850 run. Origins of the differences in both the ground state spectrum and the photochemistry, including possible RC-lipid associations, are considered. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Holten, D (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 70 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 294 IS 3 BP 305 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(03)00283-0 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738AU UT WOS:000186265200009 ER PT J AU Morris, ZS Hanson, DK Pokkuluri, PR Mets, DG Hata, AN Poluektov, OG Thurnauer, MC Schiffer, M Laible, PD AF Morris, ZS Hanson, DK Pokkuluri, PR Mets, DG Hata, AN Poluektov, OG Thurnauer, MC Schiffer, M Laible, PD TI Lysine substitutions near photoactive cofactors in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center have opposite effects on the rate of triplet energy transfer SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL PIGMENTS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES R-26; DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; ASP RESIDUE; STATE; ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; SPECTROSCOPY; SPHEROIDENE AB Rates of triplet energy transfer have been investigated by time-resolved pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in mutant photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) from both Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides and R. capsulatus. Mutant RCs of both species harbor lysines in place of native residues of the L subunit at position 178 or 181 near monomeric bacteriochlorophyll BB. Analysis of kinetic measurements acquired throughout a range of temperatures demonstrated an increased rate of triplet transfer in the L178Ser --> Lys ("L178K") mutant RCs and a decreased rate in the L181Phe --> Lys ("L181K") mutant RCs from both species relative to their respective wild types. Activation energies extracted from Arrhenius plots suggest that triplet transfer in the L178K mutant RC is nearly isoenergetic with wild-type transfer while triplet transfer in the L181K mutant RC requires significantly less activation energy. This latter finding is counter to the observation of slower triplet transfer in the L181K mutant RC. Preliminary structural data offer evidence for direct ligation between the L 181 lysine side chain and the central magnesium of BB, but the side chain of L178K is disordered. Our spectroscopic data suggest that these lysine substitutions elicit opposing changes in the relative geometric orientation of BB and that subtle changes in the protein environment can have dramatic and opposing effects on the rates of the photoprotective triplet energy transfer reaction. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Laible, PD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Morris, Zachary/0000-0001-5558-3547 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 294 IS 3 BP 329 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(03)00285-4 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738AU UT WOS:000186265200011 ER PT J AU Gorden, AEV Xu, JD Raymond, KN Durbin, P AF Gorden, AEV Xu, JD Raymond, KN Durbin, P TI Rational design of sequestering agents for plutonium and other actinides SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SIMULATED WOUND CONTAMINATION; MICROBIAL IRON TRANSPORT; IN-VIVO CHELATION; DIETHYLENETRIAMINE-PENTAACETIC ACID; CENTERED TEMPLATE REACTIONS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE COMPLEX; ACUTE URANIUM INTOXICATION; X-RAY CHARACTERIZATION; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gorden, Anne/D-2477-2011 OI Gorden, Anne/0000-0001-6623-9880 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES02698] NR 467 TC 314 Z9 316 U1 10 U2 91 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 103 IS 11 BP 4207 EP 4282 DI 10.1021/cr990114x PG 76 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 743WG UT WOS:000186596100003 PM 14611263 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Csencsits, R Cook, RE AF O'Loughlin, EJ Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Csencsits, R Cook, RE TI Reduction of Ag-I, Au-III, Cu-II, and Hg-II by Fe-II/Fe-III hydroxysulfate green rust SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE zero-valent; silver; gold; copper; mercury; XAFS ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHROMATE IONS; MERCURY CYCLE; SILVER IONS; PYRITE; XPS AB Green rusts are mixed Fe-II/Fe-III. hydroxides that are found in many suboxic environments where they are believed to play a central role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron. X-ray absorption tine structure analysis of hydroxysulfate green rust suspensions spiked with aqueous solutions of AgCH3COO, AuCln(OH)(4-n), CuCl2, or HgCl2 showed that Ag-I, Au-III, Cu-II, and Hg-II were readily reduced to Ag-0, Au-0, Cu-0, and Hg-0. Imaging of the resulting solids from the Ag-I-, Au-III-, and Cu-II-amended green rust suspensions by transmission electron microscopy indicated the formation of submicron-sized particles of Ag-0, Au-0, and Cu-0. The facile reduction of Ag-I, Au-III, Cu-II, and Hg-II to Ag-0, Au-0, Cu-0, and Hg-0, respectively, by green rust suggests that the presence of green rusts in suboxic soils and sediments can have a significant impact on the biogeochemistry of silver, gold, copper, and mercury, particularly with respect to their mobility. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Room E-137,Bldg 203,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529; NR 58 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 2003 VL 53 IS 5 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00545-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AL UT WOS:000185410200001 PM 12948527 ER PT J AU Duffy, PB Govindasamy, B Iorio, JP Milovich, J Sperber, KR Taylor, KE Wehner, MF Thompson, SL AF Duffy, PB Govindasamy, B Iorio, JP Milovich, J Sperber, KR Taylor, KE Wehner, MF Thompson, SL TI High-resolution simulations of global climate, part 1: present climate SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ECMWF MODEL; SENSITIVITY; CCM3; VARIABILITY; MONSOON; SUMMER AB We examine simulations of today's climate performed with a global atmospheric general circulation model run at spectral truncations of T42, T170, and T239, corresponding to grid cell sizes of roughly 310 km, 75 km, and 55 km, respectively. The simulations were forced with observed sea-surface temperatures and sea-ice concentrations. The T42 simulations and initial simulations at T170 and T239 were performed using a model version that was carefully "tuned" to optimize results at T42; subsequent simulations at T170 and T239 used a model version that was partly re-tuned to improve results at T170. On the scales of a T42 grid cell and larger, nearly all quantities we examined in all the T170 and T239 simulations agree better with observations, at least in terms of spatial patterns, than in the T42 simulations. In some cases the improvements are very substantial. Improvements are seen in all-season, global domain results, and in results pertaining to most seasons and latitude bands. Increasing the model resolution from T42 introduces biases (errors in the mean) into some simulated quantities; the worst of these were removed by the partial retuning we performed at T170. This retuning has little effect on the spatial patterns of results, except in Northern Hemisphere winter at T170, where it tends to bring improvements. We discuss aspects of simulated regional climates, and their dependence on model resolution. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Duffy, PB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; NR 29 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 371 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s00382-003-0339-z PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742CA UT WOS:000186496700002 ER PT J AU Govindasamy, B Duffy, PB Coquard, J AF Govindasamy, B Duffy, PB Coquard, J TI High-resolution simulations of global climate, part 2: effects of increased greenhouse cases SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; TIME-SLICE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SUMMER MONSOON; SENSITIVITY; GCM; CO2; DEPENDENCE; IMPACT AB We report results from the highest-resolution simulations of global warming yet performed with an atmospheric general circulation model. We compare the climatic response to increased greenhouse gases of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) climate model, CCM3, at T42 and T170 resolutions (horizontal grid spacing of 300 and 75 km respectively). All simulations use prescribed sea surface temperatures (SST). Simulations of the climate of 2100 AD use SSTs based on those from NCAR coupled model, Climate System Model (CSM). We find that the global climate sensitivity and large-scale patterns of climate change are similar at T42 and T170. However, there are important regional scale differences that arise due to better representation of topography and other factors at high resolution. Caution should be exercised in interpreting specific features in our results both because we have performed climate simulations using a single atmospheric general circulation model and because we used with prescribed sea surface temperatures rather than interactive ocean and sea-ice models. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modelling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Govindasamy, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modelling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 53 TC 50 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00382-003-0340-6 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 742CA UT WOS:000186496700003 ER PT J AU Dennis, DA Komistek, RD Mahfouz, MR Haas, BD Stiehl, JB AF Dennis, DA Komistek, RD Mahfouz, MR Haas, BD Stiehl, JB TI Multicenter determination of in vivo kinematics after total knee arthroplasty SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Knee-Society CY FEB, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Knee Soc ID ROENTGEN STEREOPHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS; CONDYLAR LIFT-OFF; FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; MOTION; PROSTHESIS; IMPLANT; DESIGN AB A summation analysis of more than 70 individual kinematic studies involving normal knees and 33 different designs of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was done with the objective of analyzing implant design variables that affect knee kinematics. Eight hundred eleven knees (733 subjects) were analyzed either during the stance phase of gait or a deep knee bend maneuver while under fluoroscopic surveillance. Fluoroscopic videotapes then were downloaded onto a workstation computer and anteroposterior (AP) fernorotibial translational patterns were determined using an automated three-dimensional model fitting technique. The highest magnitude of translation was found in the normal and ACL-retaining TKA groups. Paradoxical anterior femoral translation during deep flexion was observed most commonly in PCL-retaining TKA. Substantial variability in kinematic patterns was observed in all groups. The least variability during gait was observed in mobile-bearing TKA designs, whereas posterior-stabilized TKA designs (fixed or mobile-bearing) showed the least variability during a deep knee bend. A medial pivot kinematic pattern was observed in only 55% of knees during deep knee flexion. Kinematic patterns of fixed versus mobile-bearing designs were similar with the exception of mobile-bearing TKA during gait in which femorotibial contact remained relatively stationary with minimal AP femorotibial translation. C1 Rocky Mt Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Denver, CO 80222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Total Joint Reconstruct, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Dennis, DA (reprint author), Rocky Mt Musculoskeletal Res Lab, 2425 S Colorado Blvd,Suite 280, Denver, CO 80222 USA. NR 35 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD NOV PY 2003 IS 416 BP 37 EP 57 DI 10.1097/01.blo.0000092986.12414.b5 PG 21 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 741JF UT WOS:000186454400005 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ Glarborg, P AF Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ Glarborg, P TI A kinetic issue in reburning: The fate of HCNO SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE REDUCTION; PLUS NO REACTION; RATE COEFFICIENT; PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; BRANCHING RATIO; HCCO; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; PROPARGYL C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 31 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2003 VL 135 IS 3 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.07.002 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 747GF UT WOS:000186796300013 ER PT J AU Foster, I Grossman, RL AF Foster, I Grossman, RL TI Data integration in a bandwidth-rich world SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Illinois, Lab Adv Comp, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Data Min, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Two Cultures Grp, Chicago, IL USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Grossman, Robert/B-1865-2009; Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Grossman, Robert/0000-0003-3741-5739; Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 2003 VL 46 IS 11 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1145/948383.948409 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 742XM UT WOS:000186543400017 ER PT J AU Hyman, JM Li, ST Petzold, LR AF Hyman, JM Li, ST Petzold, LR TI An adaptive moving mesh method with static rezoning for partial differential equations SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE moving mesh; static rezone; partial differential equations; h-r method; adaptive mesh method; initial value problems ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; REFINEMENT; INTERPOLATION; DIMENSION; SYSTEMS; LINES AB Adaptive mesh methods are valuable tools in improving the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical solution of evolutionary systems of partial differential equations. If the mesh moves to track fronts and large gradients in the solution, then larger time steps can be taken than if it were to remain stationary. We derive explicit differential equations for moving the mesh so that the time variation of the solution at the mesh points is minimized. Moving the mesh based on this approach allows for larger time steps but does not guarantee that the solution is well resolved in space. We maintain spatial accuracy when there are new emerging layers or wave fronts by adaptively rezoning the mesh points to equidistribute an error estimate. When using a multistep integration method, the past solution values are also interpolated so that the same multistep method can be used after rezoning. The resulting algorithm has very few problem-dependent numerical parameters and is appropriate for a large class of one-dimensional partial differential equations. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm by examples and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate when compared with other adaptive mesh strategies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Hyman, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 46 IS 10-11 BP 1511 EP 1524 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(03)90187-8 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 747ZZ UT WOS:000186838200005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JN Dubois, PF AF Johnson, JN Dubois, PF TI Issue tracking SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Johnson, JN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/J-5127-2014 OI Johnson, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0265-5241 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2003.1238707 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 737QQ UT WOS:000186243600014 ER PT J AU Peskin, ME AF Peskin, ME TI Numerical problem solving for undergraduate core courses SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Peskin, ME (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 5 IS 6 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2003.1238711 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 737QQ UT WOS:000186243600016 ER PT J AU Stahl, K Nielsen, K Jiang, JZ Lebech, B Hanson, JC Norby, P van Lanschot, J AF Stahl, K Nielsen, K Jiang, JZ Lebech, B Hanson, JC Norby, P van Lanschot, J TI On the akaganeite crystal structure, phase transformations and possible role in post-excavational corrosion of iron artifacts SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE archaeological iron; XRD; Mossbauer spectroscopy; exfoliation corrosion ID ARCHAEOLOGICAL IRON; HYDROGEN PLASMA; REFINEMENT; CHLORIDE AB The crystal structure of akaganeite and the akaganeite to hematite transition has been studied by means of conventional and synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. The chemical formula of akaganeite can be written as FeO0.833(OH)(1.167)Cl-0.167. The crystal structure does not contain free water. Heating below 200 degreesC will not alter the akaganeite structure. Initial water loss can be attributed to a large amount of adsorbed water due to a very small particle size; 0.15 mum by 0.03 mum. Chloride is released from the structure only in connection with the transformation to hematite. Due to its stability, the presence of akaganeite does not in itself posses a threat to iron artifacts, but it is rather a symptom of the presence of high concentrations of chloride in an acidic environment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Riso Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Chem Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sch Conservat, DK-1263 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Stahl, K (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014; Lebech, Bente/A-9629-2016; OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050; Lebech, Bente/0000-0002-6403-4141; Stahl, Kenny/0000-0002-4459-3026 NR 22 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2563 EP 2575 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(03)00078-7 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 735DL UT WOS:000186097100010 ER PT J AU Weaver, C Farr, GH Pan, WJ Rowning, BA Wang, JY Mao, JH Wu, DQ Li, L Larabell, CA Kimelman, D AF Weaver, C Farr, GH Pan, WJ Rowning, BA Wang, JY Mao, JH Wu, DQ Li, L Larabell, CA Kimelman, D TI GBP binds kinesin light chain and translocates during cortical rotation in Xenopus eggs SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Frat; Wnt pathway; axis specification; cortical rotation; microtubules ID GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; AXIS-INDUCING ACTIVITY; BETA-CATENIN; SIGNALING PATHWAY; AXONAL-TRANSPORT; EMBRYONIC AXIS; VENTRAL AXIS; WNT PATHWAY; CELL-CYCLE; I-EPSILON AB In Xenopus, axis development is initiated by dorsally elevated levels of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, an intracellular factor regulated by GSK3 kinase activity. Upon fertilization, factors that increase beta-catenin stability are translocated to the prospective dorsal side of the embryo in a microtubule-dependent process. However, neither the identity of these factors nor the mechanism of their movement is understood. Here, we show that the GSK3 inhibitory protein GBP/Frat binds kinesin light chain (KLC), a component of the microtubule motor kinesin. Upon egg activation, GBP-GFP and KLC-GFP form particles and exhibit directed translocation. KLC, through a previously uncharacterized conserved domain, binds a region of GBP that is required for GBP translocation and for GSK3 binding, and competes with GSK3 for GBP. We propose a model in which conventional kinesin transports a GBP-containing complex to the future dorsal side, where GBP dissociates and contributes to the local stabilization of beta-catenin by binding and inhibiting GSK3. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Kimelman, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Weaver, Carole/0000-0002-7623-380X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA85420]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD27262, HD07183]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM63948] NR 52 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD NOV PY 2003 VL 130 IS 22 BP 5425 EP 5436 DI 10.1242/dev.00737 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 755JM UT WOS:000187399800013 PM 14507779 ER PT J AU Dernburg, AF AF Dernburg, AF TI Meiosis researchers exchange information in the Alps SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PROTEIN; RECOMBINATION; SEGREGATION; DROSOPHILA AB The 6(th) European Meiosis Workshop, sponsored by EMBO and organized by Franz Klein of the University of Vienna, met in mid-September. More than 150 participants who have not discovered anything more interesting than sex gathered in a bucolic Alpine valley near the town of Obertraun, Austria, surrounded by granite massifs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dernburg, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Dernburg, Abby/0000-0001-8037-1079 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 5 BP 691 EP 693 DI 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00336-8 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 742XX UT WOS:000186544400007 PM 14602070 ER PT J AU Cudnik, BM Dunham, DW Palmer, DM Cook, A Venable, R Gural, PS AF Cudnik, BM Dunham, DW Palmer, DM Cook, A Venable, R Gural, PS TI Ground-based observations of lunar meteoritic phenomena SO EARTH MOON AND PLANETS LA English DT Article DE hypervelocity impacts; Leonid meteors; lunar impact phenomena; Moon; transient lunar phenomena ID LEONID IMPACT FLASHES; LARGE METEOROIDS; STREAM; MOON AB The occurrence and visibility of meteoroid impacts on the moon as seen from the earth were little more than speculation prior to November 1999. The best evidence of present-day impact activity came from the seismic experiments left on the Moon during the Apollo era. Past systematic attempts at earth-based observations to document lunar impacts revealed nothing conclusive. However, during the Leonid storms of 1999 and 2001, lunar impact events were for the first time confirmed by multiple independent observers. A total of 15 meteoritic impact flash events have been verified during these storms, with an additional 12 unconfirmed but likely events awaiting confirmation. Estimates of the mass of these meteoroids range from less than one gram for the faintest flashes to more than 10 kg for the brightest observed flash. The fraction of visible light to total energy produced by these events, a quantity known as luminous efficiency, averages about 0.001 for the established events. The confirmation of lunar meteoritic events on the Moon opens a new avenue in lunar and planetary research, one which could help bridge the gap between atmospheric sampling of the smallest components of meteoroid streams and interplanetary debris to the larger scale objects accessible to ground-based telescopes. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Cudnik, BM (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9295 J9 EARTH MOON PLANETS JI Earth Moon Planets PD NOV PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 145 EP 161 DI 10.1023/B:MOON.0000047475.61749.c1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 869NK UT WOS:000224991100001 ER PT J AU Ernest, SKM Enquist, BJ Brown, JH Charnov, EL Gillooly, JF Savage, V White, EP Smith, FA Hadly, EA Haskell, JP Lyons, SK Maurer, BA Niklas, KJ Tiffney, B AF Ernest, SKM Enquist, BJ Brown, JH Charnov, EL Gillooly, JF Savage, V White, EP Smith, FA Hadly, EA Haskell, JP Lyons, SK Maurer, BA Niklas, KJ Tiffney, B TI Thermodynamic and metabolic effects on the scaling of production and population energy use SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE allometry; annual biomass production; cross-taxonomic comparison; energy use; macroecology; metabolism; scaling; trophic energy transfer ID BODY-SIZE; LIFE-HISTORIES; DENSITY; EVOLUTION; MAMMALS; ENERGETICS; ECOSYSTEM; BIOLOGY; MODEL AB Ecosystem properties result in part from the characteristics of individual organisms. How these individual traits scale to impact ecosystem-level processes is currently unclear. Because metabolism is a fundamental process underlying many individual- and population-level variables, it provides a mechanism for linking individual characteristics with large-scale processes. Here we use metabolism and ecosystem thermodynamics to scale from physiology to individual biomass production and population-level energy use. Temperature-corrected rates of individual-level biomass production show the same body-size dependence across a wide range of aerobic eukaryotes, from unicellular organisms to mammals and vascular plants. Population-level energy use for both, mammals and plants are strongly influenced by both metabolism and thermodynamic constraints on energy exchange between trophic levels. Our results show that because metabolism is a fundamental trait of organisms, it not only provides a link between individual- and ecosystem-level processes, but can also highlight other import-ant factors constraining ecological structure and dynamics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mernest@unm.edu RI White, Ethan/A-2936-2008; Ernest, Morgan/A-4355-2008; Ernest, SK Morgan/O-2532-2015; OI Ernest, Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Ernest, SK Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; White, Ethan/0000-0001-6728-7745; Enquist, Brian/0000-0002-6124-7096 NR 39 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 9 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 6 IS 11 BP 990 EP 995 DI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00526.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 739CA UT WOS:000186323600006 ER PT J AU Overberg, ME Baik, KH Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Kelly, J Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Tang, W Stavola, M Zavada, JM AF Overberg, ME Baik, KH Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Kelly, J Rairigh, R Hebard, AF Tang, W Stavola, M Zavada, JM TI Hydrogenation effects on magnetic properties of GaMnP SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPINTRONICS; GAN; ZNO; CR AB Carbon-doped (p similar to 10(19) cm(-3)) GaMnP with similar to5 atom % Mn grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy showed ferromagnetism to <50 K in the as-grown state. After exposure to a H-2 plasma for 3 h at 250&DEG;C, the apparent Curie temperature was increased to &SIM;230 K. A plausible mechanism for this improvement in magnetic properties is hydrogen passivation of some of the carbon acceptors and also defects in the epi layer that trap free carriers or promote antiferromagnetic coupling. The results reinforce the notion that crystal defects degrade the magnetic properties of III-V ferromagnetic semiconductors. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Abernathy, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 6 IS 11 BP G131 EP G133 DI 10.1149/1.1612725 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 728FC UT WOS:000185705200017 ER PT J AU Stoddard, N Karoui, A Duscher, G Kvit, A Rozgonyi, G AF Stoddard, N Karoui, A Duscher, G Kvit, A Rozgonyi, G TI In situ point defect generation and agglomeration during electron-beam irradiation of nitrogen-doped Czochralski silicon SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN PRECIPITATION; COMPLEXES; WAFER AB Samples of Czochralski silicon were observed after irradiation by a convergent electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. In a nitrogen-doped sample, the 200 keV electrons induced a vacancy-rich region containing point-defect clusters, surrounded by a ring rich in self-interstitials. No comparable effect existed in nitrogen-free reference samples. It is proposed that Frenkel pairs, created by electron collisions, are separated and stabilized by nitrogen or related complexes. Some interstitials become free to diffuse while the nitrogen, vacancies and oxygen agglomerate. This study demonstrates that the initial formation of voids and precipitate nuclei from point defects can be observed at low temperatures. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoddard, N (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 6 IS 11 BP G134 EP G136 DI 10.1149/1.1614471 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 728FC UT WOS:000185705200018 ER PT J AU Stachowiak, TB Rohr, T Hilder, EF Peterson, DS Yi, MQ Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Stachowiak, TB Rohr, T Hilder, EF Peterson, DS Yi, MQ Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Fabrication of porous polymer monoliths covalently attached to the walls of channels in plastic microdevices SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE microchip; microfluidic; miniaturization; monolith; porous polymer ID IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; DEVICES AB UV-initiated grafting of plastic tubes and microfluidic chips with ethylene diacrylate followed by the preparation of porous polymer monoliths has been studied. The first step affords a thin grafted layer of polymer with a multiplicity of pendent double bonds that are then used in the second step for covalent attachment of the monolith to the wall. As clearly seen on scanning electron micrographs, this procedure prevents the formation of voids at the monolith-channel interface a problem that has always plagued approaches involving bulk polymerization in nontreated channels due to the shrinkage of the monolith during the polymerization process and its lack of compatibility with the material of the device. Irradiation with UV light through a photomask allows precise patterning specifying both the area subjected to surface modification and the location of the monolith within specific areas of the device. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hilder, Emily/A-1001-2009; OI Hilder, Emily/0000-0002-4444-7870; Peterson, Dominic/0000-0001-8244-565X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 17 TC 100 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 21 BP 3689 EP 3693 DI 10.1002/elps.200305536 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 748JL UT WOS:000186858700017 PM 14613194 ER PT J AU Luo, QZ Mutlu, S Gianchandani, YB Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Luo, QZ Mutlu, S Gianchandani, YB Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Monolithic valves for microfluidic chips based on thermoresponsive polymer gels SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE lower critical solution temperature; microfluidic device; miniaturization; monolith; thermoresponsive polymer; valve ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; ON-A-CHIP; FLOW-CONTROL; POROUS POLYMER; SENSITIVE HYDROGELS; TEMPERATURE; DEVICES; CHANNELS; ACTUATOR; MICROACTUATORS AB The direct preparation of thermoresponsive monolithic copolymers by photopatterning of a liquid phase consisting of an aqueous solution of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) has been studied and the products used as valves within the channels of microfluidic devices. The volume change associated with the polymer phase transition at its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) leads to the rapid swelling and the deswelling of the 2.5% cross-linked monolithic gel thus enabling the polymer to close or open the channel and to function as a nonmechanically actuated valve. The LCST at which the valve switches was easily adjusted within a range of 35degreesC-74degreesC by varying the proportions of the monovinyl monomers in the polymerization mixture. The closed valve holds pressures of up to 18 MPa without noticeable dislocation, structural damage, or leakage. In contrast, following deswelling by raising the temperature above LCST the valve offers no appreciable flow resistance since its large, micrometer-size pores are open. Laser-triggered photobleaching of a fluorescent dye contained in the liquid phase enabled monitoring of flow through the device and determination of the times required to open and close the valve. The valves are characterized by very fast actuation times in a range of 1-4 s depending on the type of device. No changes in performance were observed even after repeated open-close cycling of the valves. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Luo, Quanzhou/B-4908-2011; Mutlu, Senol/C-6680-2015; OI Mutlu, Senol/0000-0003-4515-5770; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 53 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 21 BP 3694 EP 3702 DI 10.1002/elps.200305577 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 748JL UT WOS:000186858700018 PM 14613195 ER PT J AU Liu, SR Elkin, C Kapur, H AF Liu, SR Elkin, C Kapur, H TI Sequencing of real-world samples using a microfabricated hybrid device having unconstrained straight separation channels SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequencing; capillary electrophoresis; hybrid device; microchip; miniaturization ID MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; PERFORMANCE; GEOMETRY AB We describe a microfabricated hybrid device that consists of a microfabricated chip containing multiple twin-T injectors attached to an array of capillaries that serve as the separation channels. A new fabrication process was employed to create two differently sized round channels in a chip. Twin-T injectors were formed by the smaller round channels that match the bore of the separation capillaries and separation capillaries were incorporated to the injectors through the larger round channels that match the outer diameter of the capillaries. This allows for a minimum dead volume and provides a robust chip/capillary interface. This hybrid design takes full advantage, such as sample stacking and purification and uniform signal intensity profile, of the unique chip injection scheme for DNA sequencing while employing long straight capillaries for the separations. In essence, the separation channel length is optimized for both speed and resolution since it is unconstrained by chip size. To demonstrate the reliability and practicality of this hybrid device, we sequenced over 1000 real-world samples from Human Chromosome 5 and Ciona intestinalis, prepared at Joint Genome Institute. We achieved average Phred20 read of 675 bases in about 70 min with a success rate of 91 %. For the similar type of samples on MegaBACE 1000, the average Phred20 read is about 550-600 bases in 120 min separation time with a success rate of about 80-90%. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Liu, SR (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG02218-02] NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2003 VL 24 IS 21 BP 3762 EP 3768 DI 10.1002/elps.200305616 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 748JL UT WOS:000186858700026 PM 14613203 ER PT J AU Setlow, RB AF Setlow, RB TI The hazards of space travel SO EMBO REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RADIATION; MARS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Setlow, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1469-221X J9 EMBO REP JI EMBO Rep. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1013 EP 1016 DI 10.1038/sj.embor.7400016 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 739KC UT WOS:000186342800003 PM 14593437 ER PT J AU Perlack, RD Turhollow, AF AF Perlack, RD Turhollow, AF TI Feedstock cost analysis of corn stover residues for further processing SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we evaluate the costs for collecting, handling, and hauling corn stover to an ethanol conversion facility. We estimate costs for a conventional baling system at varying levels of feedstock demand or conversion facility size. Our results generally indicate that stover can be collected, stored, and hauled for about $43.10-51.60/dry ton using conventional baling equipment for conversion facilities ranging from 500 to 4000 dry tons/day. The cost difference between facility sizes is due to transportation. Transportation, collection and baling, and farmer payments account for over 90% of total delivered costs. These estimates are based on average corn stover resource availability assumptions and are inclusive of all costs including farmer payments. Under conditions of high resource availability costs can be lowered by $6-10/dry ton. Delivered costs increase considerably under low resource availability conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Perlack, RD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD NOV PY 2003 VL 28 IS 14 BP 1395 EP 1403 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00123-3 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 723XC UT WOS:000185456000002 ER PT J AU Jepsen, R Langford, R Roberts, J Gailani, J AF Jepsen, R Langford, R Roberts, J Gailani, J TI Effects of arroyo sediment influxes on the Rio Grande River channel near El Paso, Texas SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sediments; erosion; arroyos; flood; Rio Grande River ID EROSION AB Arroyos that flow into the Rio Grande River channel along the U.S.-Mexico border provide intermittent influxes of sediment that may obstruct the channel and cause overflow as well as sedimentation problems downstream. These phenomena were studied using a recently developed, unique, in situ method for measuring the erosion properties of sediments with depth and at high shear stresses. Results of the investigation confirm that the arroyo sediments can affect the channel of the Rio Grande by introducing sediments that are more difficult to erode compared to those already present. Two sites were mapped and characterized in terms of vegetation and soil distribution. Sediment samples were collected, and erosion rates, mineralogy, and sediment grain-size distributions were determined. Results showed that large flows in both arroyos were capable of obstructing the Rio Grande channel by introducing sediments that were more difficult to erode than the existing channel sediments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 88220 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jepsen, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 4100 Natl Parks Highway, Albuquerque, NM 88220 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.2113/9.4.305 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 758LF UT WOS:000187635300002 ER PT J AU Liang, LY Sullivan, AB West, OR Moline, GR Kamolpornwijit, W AF Liang, LY Sullivan, AB West, OR Moline, GR Kamolpornwijit, W TI Predicting the precipitation of mineral phases in permeable reactive barriers SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE permeable reactive barrier; mineral precipitation; speciation model ID LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; ZERO-VALENT IRON; ZEROVALENT IRON; CALCITE GROWTH; GRANULAR IRON; GROUNDWATER; DISSOLUTION; CORROSION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; DECHLORINATION AB The working lifetime of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) using Fe-0 as the reactive media is limited by precipitation of secondary minerals, due to reaction of groundwater with Fe-0. Since PRBs are emplaced at sites with widely differing groundwater chemistry, the suite of minerals that precipitate, as well as the rate of their formation, can vary widely. Using plausible phases obtained from field PRBs, the study shows that chemical equilibrium modeling can correctly predict the amounts of precipitates formed, based on the thermodynamic properties of Fe-0 and groundwater constituents. These predictions were compared to the results from the solid phase analysis from a field column experiment and from a field-installed PRB at Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, TN. Using the column chemical data molar distributions of the precipitates along the flow path were modeled. The maximum precipitation at the Fe-0-sand interface at the influent end was predicted, where pore water showed high saturation index (SI) with respect to calcite and iron (oxyhydr)oxide. In the absence of flow information, the field sampling data were used to construct an SI-pH diagram, from which the extent of reaction with Fe-0, the potential for precipitate buildup, and relative residence time for the pore water were identified. Kinetic and heterogeneous flow effects were also discussed. To illustrate the application of chemical equilibrium modeling to the design and planning phase of PRBs, groundwater data from four PRB sites were analyzed. The analysis shows that up to 0.63 cm(3)/L solid could form in pore water using an average Fe-0 dissolution rate, leading to severe clogging of Fe-0 medium over a 10-yr period of operation. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liang, LY (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, Queens Bldg,POB 925, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 49 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 6 BP 635 EP 653 DI 10.1089/109287503770736159 PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743XM UT WOS:000186598900012 ER PT J AU Northup, DE Barns, SM Yu, LE Spilde, MN Schelble, RT Dano, KE Crossey, LJ Connolly, CA Boston, PJ Natvig, DO Dahm, CN AF Northup, DE Barns, SM Yu, LE Spilde, MN Schelble, RT Dano, KE Crossey, LJ Connolly, CA Boston, PJ Natvig, DO Dahm, CN TI Diverse microbial communities inhabiting ferromanganese deposits in Lechuguilla and Spider Caves SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTOEA-AGGLOMERANS; SP-NOV; LEPTOSPIRILLUM-FERROOXIDANS; VARIOVORAX-PARADOXUS; BUDDING BACTERIA; COMB-NOV; GEN-NOV; ARCHAEA; MANGANESE; OXIDATION AB Lechuguilla Cave is an ancient, deep, oligotrophic subterranean environment that contains an abundance of low-density ferromanganese deposits, the origin of which is uncertain. To assess the possibility that biotic factors may be involved in the production of these deposits and to investigate the nature of the microbial community in these materials, we carried out culture-independent, small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequence-based studies from two sites and from manganese and iron enrichment cultures inoculated with ferromanganese deposits from Lechuguilla and Spider Caves. Sequence analysis showed the presence of some organisms whose closest relatives are known iron- and manganese-oxidizing/reducing bacteria, including Hyphomicrobium, Pedomicrobium, Leptospirillum, Stenotrophomonas and Pantoea. The dominant clone types in one site grouped with mesophilic Archaea in both the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. The second site was dominated almost entirely by lactobacilli. Other clone sequences were most closely related to those of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes and beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria. Geochemical analyses showed a fourfold enrichment of oxidized iron and manganese from bedrock to darkest ferromanganese deposits. These data support our hypothesis that microorganisms may contribute to the formation of manganese and iron oxide-rich deposits and a diverse microbial community is present in these unusual secondary mineral formations. C1 Univ New Mexico, Biol Dept 1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Inst Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Northup, DE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Biol Dept 1, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Crossey, Laura/C-2033-2008 OI Crossey, Laura/0000-0001-6237-8023 NR 68 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 32 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1071 EP 1086 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00500.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 736ME UT WOS:000186173900006 PM 14641587 ER PT J AU Mormile, MR Biesen, MA Gutierrez, MC Ventosa, A Pavlovich, JB Onstott, TC Fredrickson, JK AF Mormile, MR Biesen, MA Gutierrez, MC Ventosa, A Pavlovich, JB Onstott, TC Fredrickson, JK TI Isolation of Halobacterium salinarum retrieved directly from halite brine inclusions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; MICRO-ORGANISMS; SALT DEPOSITS; BACTERIA; DNA; SURVIVAL; CRYSTALS; HALOBIUM; OLD AB Halite crystals were selected from a 186 m subsurface core taken from the Badwater salt pan, Death Valley, California to ascertain if halophilic Archaea and their associated 16S rDNA can survive over several tens of thousands of years. Using a combined microscope microdrill/micropipette system, fluids from brine inclusions were aseptically extracted from primary, hopper texture, halite crystals from 8 and 85 metres below the surface (mbls). U-Th disequilibrium dating indicates that these halite layers were deposited at 9600 and 97 000 years before present (ybp) respectively. Extracted inclusions were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with haloarchaea-specific 16S rDNA primers or placed into haloarchaea culture medium. Enrichment cultures were obtained from 97 kyr halite crystal inclusion fluid and haloarchaea-containing prepared crystals (positive controls), whereas inclusions from crystals of 9.6 kyr halite and the haloarchaea-free halite crystals (negative controls) resulted in no growth. Phylogenetic analysis (16S rDNA) of the 97 kyr isolate, designated BBH 001, revealed a homology of 100% with Halobacterium salinarum. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that BBH 001 was closely related to H. salinarum (81-75% hybridization) and its ascription to this haloarchaea species. The described method of retrieving particle-containing brine from fluid inclusions offers a robust approach for assessing the antiquity of microorganisms associated with evaporites. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Univ Seville, E-41012 Seville, Spain. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mormile, MR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. OI Gutierrez Navarro, Maria del Carmen/0000-0002-5589-6313; Mormile, Melanie/0000-0001-9054-2687 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1094 EP 1102 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00509.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 736ME UT WOS:000186173900008 PM 14641589 ER PT J AU Onstott, TC Moser, DP Pfiffner, SM Fredrickson, JK Brockman, FJ Phelps, TJ White, DC Peacock, A Balkwill, D Hoover, R Krumholz, LR Borscik, M Kieft, TL Wilson, R AF Onstott, TC Moser, DP Pfiffner, SM Fredrickson, JK Brockman, FJ Phelps, TJ White, DC Peacock, A Balkwill, D Hoover, R Krumholz, LR Borscik, M Kieft, TL Wilson, R TI Indigenous and contaminant microbes in ultradeep mines SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WITWATERSRAND BASIN; DEEP SUBSURFACE; SOUTH-AFRICA; SEDIMENTS; GOLD; COLLECTION; REDUCTION; GROWTH; ORIGIN; MICROORGANISMS AB Rock, air and service water samples were collected for microbial analyses from 3.2 kilometres depth in a working Au mine in the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa. The similar to metre-wide mined zone was comprised of a carbonaceous, quartz, sulphide, uraninite and Au bearing layer, called the Carbon Leader, sandwiched by quartzite and conglomerate. The microbial community in the service water was dominated by mesophilic aerobic and anaerobic, alpha-, beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria with a total biomass concentration similar to10(4) cells ml(-1), whereas, that of the mine air was dominated by members of the Chlorobi and Bacteroidetes groups and a fungal component. The microorganisms in the Carbon Leader were predominantly mesophilic, aerobic heterotrophic, nitrate reducing and methylotrophic, beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria that were more closely related to service water microorganisms than to air microbes. Rhodamine WT dye and fluorescent microspheres employed as contaminant tracers, however, indicated that service water contamination of most of the rock samples was < 0.01% during acquisition. The microbial contaminants most likely originated from the service water, infiltrated the low permeability rock through and accumulated within mining-induced fractures where they survived for several days before being mined. Combined PLFA and terminal restriction fragment length profile (T-RFLP) analyses suggest that the maximum concentration of indigenous microorganisms in the Carbon Leader was < 10(2) cells g(-1). PLFA, S-35 autoradiography and enrichments suggest that the adjacent quartzite was less contaminated and contained similar to10(3) cells gram(-1) of thermophilic, sulphate reducing bacteria, SRB, some of which are delta-Proteobacteria. Pore water and rock geochemical analyses suggest that these SRB's may have been sustained by sulphate diffusing from the adjacent U-rich, Carbon Leader where it was formed by radiolysis of sulphide. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, NRB 312, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. SRK Turgis Technol, ZA-2115 Blackheath, South Africa. RP Onstott, TC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1168 EP 1191 DI 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00512.x PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 736ME UT WOS:000186173900015 PM 14641596 ER PT J AU Ozaki, T Kimura, T Ohnuki, T Yoshida, Z Francis, AJ AF Ozaki, T Kimura, T Ohnuki, T Yoshida, Z Francis, AJ TI Association mechanisms of Europium(III) and Curium(III) with Chlorella vulgaris SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Europium(III) Curium(III); Chlorella vulgaris; cellulose; exudates ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; METAL ION-EXCHANGE; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; HYDRATION NUMBER; BIOSORPTION; SORPTION; URANIUM; BINDING; ALGAE; CHITOSAN AB The association of Europium(III) (Eu[III]) and Curium(III) (Cm[III]) with Chlorella vulgaris and with cellulose was studied by a batch method and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The kinetics study performed by the batch method showed that maximum adsorption of Eu(III) and Cm(III) on C. vulgaris was attained within 3 min of contact; afterward, the percentage adsorption decreased with time due to chelation of the ions with exudates released from C. vulgaris with a strong affinity for Eu(III) and Cm(III). The TRLFS revealed that the short-term adsorption of Eu(III) on C. vulgaris was attributable to its coordination with cellulose on the algal cell wall. However, Eu(111) coordinated with the functional groups of cellulose very weakly despite the large distribution coefficients observed. These results indicate that the reactions, both at the cell's surfaces through adsorption and in solution phases through chelation with the exudates, are important in estimating the behavior of Eu(III) and Cm(III) in aqueous environments. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ozaki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2800 EP 2805 DI 10.1897/02-481 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 729RV UT WOS:000185788500037 PM 14587924 ER PT J AU Thoma, U AF Thoma, U TI Scalar mesons and the search for the 0(++) glueball SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID CENTRAL PP INTERACTIONS; RADIATIVE DECAY; FINAL-STATES; GAMMA-GAMMA; 450 GEV/C; PI-PI; F(0)(980); PHI; F(0)(1500); WIDTHS AB The possibility that gluonic excitations of hadronic matter or of the QCD vacuum may exist is perhaps one of the most fascinating topics in hadron spectroscopy. Glueballs are predicted by many models; in particular, present-day lattice gauge calculations require their existence. All these models agree that the lightest glueball should have scalar quantum numbers and a mass around 1.6GeV, which corresponds to the mass region where the scalar q(q) over bar -mesons are expected. Therefore, mixing effects can complicate the search for the glueball. Experiments indeed show an overpopulation of states, for which many different interpretations exist. This reflects the complexity of the situation. New data from various experiments on scalar states give hints toward an interpretation of the scalar states. But still many questions remain. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thoma, U (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 140 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10307-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000003 ER PT J AU Reichelt, T Madey, R Semenov, AY Taylor, S Aghalaryan, A Crouse, E MacLachlan, G Plaster, B Tajima, S Tireman, W Yan, CY Ahmidouch, A Anderson, BD Asaturyan, R Baker, O Baldwin, AR Breuer, H Carlini, R Christy, E Churchwell, S Cole, L Danagoulian, S Day, D Elaasar, M Ent, R Farkondeh, M Fenker, H Finn, FM Gan, L Garrow, K Gueye, P Howell, C Hu, B Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, WY Kowalski, S Lung, A Mack, D Manley, DM Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Mkrtchyan, H Opper, AK Perdrisat, C Njabi, VP Raue, B Reinhold, J Roche, J Sato, Y Seo, W Simicevic, N Smith, G Stepanyan, S Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Ulmer, P Vulcan, W Watson, JW Wells, S Wesselmann, F Wood, S Yan, C An, LY Yang, S Zhang, WM Zhu, H Zhu, X Arenhovel, H AF Reichelt, T Madey, R Semenov, AY Taylor, S Aghalaryan, A Crouse, E MacLachlan, G Plaster, B Tajima, S Tireman, W Yan, CY Ahmidouch, A Anderson, BD Asaturyan, R Baker, O Baldwin, AR Breuer, H Carlini, R Christy, E Churchwell, S Cole, L Danagoulian, S Day, D Elaasar, M Ent, R Farkondeh, M Fenker, H Finn, FM Gan, L Garrow, K Gueye, P Howell, C Hu, B Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, WY Kowalski, S Lung, A Mack, D Manley, DM Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Mkrtchyan, H Opper, AK Perdrisat, C Njabi, VP Raue, B Reinhold, J Roche, J Sato, Y Seo, W Simicevic, N Smith, G Stepanyan, S Tadevosyan, V Tang, L Ulmer, P Vulcan, W Watson, JW Wells, S Wesselmann, F Wood, S Yan, C An, LY Yang, S Zhang, WM Zhu, H Zhu, X Arenhovel, H TI Measurement of the neutron electric form factor via recoil polarimetry SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID QUARK-MODEL; NUCLEON; SCATTERING AB The ratio G(e)(n)/G(m)(n) of the electric to the magnetic form factor of the neutron has been measured by analyzing the polarization of the recoiling neutron in quasi-elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from deuterium at the Q(2) values of 0.45, 1.15, and 1.47 (GeV/c)(2). The experiment has been performed in Hall C of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. With G(m)(n) being known G(e)(n) can be deduced. The preliminary results show that the lowest Q(2) points follow the Galster parametrization and that the 1.47 (GeV/c)(2) point rises above this parametrization. C1 Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. So Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. RP Reichelt, T (reprint author), Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. EM reichelt@physik.uni-bonn.de RI Zhu, Xiaofeng/B-9493-2011; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015; OI Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934; Wesselmann, Frank/0000-0001-7834-7977 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10296-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000012 ER PT J AU Maris, P Raya, A Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM AF Maris, P Raya, A Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM TI Facets of confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; INFRARED BEHAVIOR; QCD; PHYSICS; VERTEX; MASS AB The gap equation is a cornerstone in understanding dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and may also provide clues to confinement. A symmetry-preserving truncation of its kernel enables proofs of important results and the development of an efficacious phenomenology. We describe a model of the kernel that yields: a momentum-dependent dressed-quark propagator in fair agreement with quenched lattice-QCD results; and chiral limit values, f(pi)(0) = 68 MeV and ((q) over barq) = -(190 MeV)(3). It is compared with models inferred from studies of the gauge sector. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Inst Fis & Matemat, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Helmholtz Gemeinschaft, D-53175 Bonn, Germany. RP Maris, P (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10206-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000024 ER PT J AU Leinweber, DB Hedditch, JN Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW Williams, AG Young, RD Zanotti, JM Zhang, JB AF Leinweber, DB Hedditch, JN Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW Williams, AG Young, RD Zanotti, JM Zhang, JB TI FLIC fermions and hadron phenomenology SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID NONPERTURBATIVE O(A) IMPROVEMENT; BARYON RESONANCES; WILSON FERMIONS; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; LATTICE QCD; MASSES AB A pedagogical overview of the formulation of the Fat-Link-Irrelevant-Clover (FLIC) fermion action and its associated phenomenology is described. The scaling analysis indicates FLIC fermions provide a new form of nonperturbative O(a) improvement where near-continuum results are obtained at finite lattice spacing. Spin-(1/2) and spin-(3/2), even- and odd-parity baryon resonances are investigated in quenched QCD, where the nature of the Roper resonance and Lambda*(1405) are of particular interest. FLIC fermions allow efficient access to the light-quark-mass regime, where evidence of chiral nonanalytic behavior in the Delta mass is observed. C1 Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subat Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Leinweber, DB (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subat Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM dleinweber@physics.adelaide.edu.au RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Zanotti, James/H-8128-2012; Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; Williams, Anthony/I-6698-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Zanotti, James/0000-0002-3936-1597; Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Williams, Anthony/0000-0002-1472-1592 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10209-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000027 ER PT J AU Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW AF Detmold, W Melnitchouk, W Thomas, AW TI Moments of isovector quark distributions in lattice QCD SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; CHARGE AB We investigate the connection of lattice calculations of moments of isovector parton distributions to the physical regime through extrapolations in the quark mass. We consider the one-pion loop renormalisation of the nucleon matrix elements of the corresponding operators and thereby develop formulae with which to extrapolate the moments of the unpolarised, helicity and transversity distributions. These formulae are consistent with chiral perturbation theory in chiral limit and incorporate the correct heavy-quark limits. In the polarised cases, the inclusion of intermediate states involving the Delta-isobar is found to be very important. The results of our extrapolations are in general agreement with the phenomenological values of these moments where they are known, and for the first time we make reliable predictions for the low moments of the isovector transversity distribution. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subat Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Detmold, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Detmold, William/0000-0002-0400-8363; Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10214-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000032 ER PT J AU Brown, VR Gibson, BF Carlson, JA Schiavilla, R AF Brown, VR Gibson, BF Carlson, JA Schiavilla, R TI Parity non-conservation in proton-proton elastic scattering SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID VIOLATION AB The parity-non-conserving longitudinal asymmetry in proton-proton (pp) elastic scattering is calculated in the lab energy range 0-350 MeV using contemporary, realistic strong-interaction potentials combined with a weak-interaction potential comprised of rho- and omega-meson exchanges as exemplified by the DDH model. Values for the rho- and omega-meson coupling constants, h(rho)(pp) and h(omega)(pp), are determined from comparison with the measured asymmetries at 13.6 MeV, 45 MeV, and 221 MeV. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Brown, VR (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10218-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000036 ER PT J AU Blaschke, D Burau, G Kalinovsky, Y Barnes, T AF Blaschke, D Burau, G Kalinovsky, Y Barnes, T TI Mott effect and J/psi dissociation at the quark-hadron phase transition SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics CY JUN 09-14, 2002 CL FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Wilhelm & Else Heraeus Fdn, Bundesministerium Bildung & Wissensch, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mainz Microtron Facil, Univ Bonn, Ohio Univ HO FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH ID SUPPRESSION; DECONFINEMENT; COLLISIONS; MESONS; MODEL; SPS AB We investigate the in-medium modification of pseudoscalar and vector mesons in a QCD-motivated chiral quark model by solving the Dyson-Schwinger equations for quarks and mesons at finite temperature for a wide mass range of meson masses, from light (pi, rho) to open-charm (D, D-*) states. At the chiral/deconfinement phase transition, the quark-antiquark bound states enter the continuum of unbound states and become broad resonances (hadronic Mott effect). We calculate the in-medium cross-sections for charmonium dissociation due to collisions with light hadrons in a chiral Lagrangian approach, and show that the D- and D-*-meson spectral broadening lowers the threshold for charmonium dissociation by pi- and rho-mesons. This leads to a step-like enhancement in the reaction rate. We suggest that this mechanism for enhanced charmonium dissociation may be the physical mechanism underlying the anomalous J/psi suppression observed by NA50. C1 Univ Rostock, Dept Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, Lab Informat Technol, Dubna 141980, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Blaschke, D (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 547 EP 549 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10280-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 748YW UT WOS:000186890000097 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC AF Boettger, JC TI Predicted spin-orbit coupling effect on the magnetic ordering of crystalline uranium dioxide SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL-THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; COHESIVE PROPERTIES; LINEAR COMBINATION; BAND-STRUCTURE; UO2; ENERGY; BERYLLIUM; STATE AB The magnetic ordering of fluorite structure uranium dioxide has been investigated using fully-relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian type orbitals - fitting function (LCGTO-FF) calculations, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory. Three types of collinear spin-orderings were considered; ferromagnetic with spins aligned in the (001) direction and two antiferromagnetic (001) layer structures with spins aligned either perpendicular to each plane (001) or parallel to each plane (100). For each ordering, the total energy and spin-moment were calculated both with and without spin-orbit coupling. The ferromagnetic ordering is found to be energetically preferred to the antiferromagnetic orderings, contrary to experiment, whether or not spin-orbit coupling is included. Spin-orbit coupling is shown to have a significant quenching effect on the spin-moment and also introduces a strong magnetic anisotropy in the antiferromagnetic state that favors the (001) alignment over the (100) alignment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boettger, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jn@lanl.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 EI 1434-6036 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2003-00312-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 747XR UT WOS:000186831900002 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stoesslein, U Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, A Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stoesslein, U Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, A Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaborat TI Jet production in charged current deep inelastic e(+)p scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CURRENT CROSS-SECTIONS; POSITRON-PROTON COLLISIONS; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH Q(2); DIJET PRODUCTION; HADRON-COLLISIONS AB The production rates and substructure of jets have been studied in charged current deep inelastic e(+)p scattering for Q(2) > 200 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 110.5 pb(-1). Inclusive jet cross sections are presented for jets with transverse energies E-T(jet) > 14 GeV and pseudorapidities in the range -1 < eta(jet) < 2. Dijet cross sections are presented for events with a jet having E-T(jet) >14 Gev and a second jet having E-T(jet) > 5 GeV. Measurements of the mean events with a jet having E, > 14 GeV and a second jet having E, subjet multiplicity, (n(sbj)), of the inclusive jet sample are presented. Predictions based on parton-shower Monte Carlo models and next-to-leading-order QCD calculations are compared to the measurements. The value of alpha(s) (M-z), determined from (n(sbj)) at y(cut) = 10(-2) for jets with 25 < E-T(jet) < 119 GeV, is alpha(s) (M-z) = 0. 1202 +/- 0.0052 (stat.)(-0.0019)(+0.0060) (syst.)(-0.0053)(+0.0065) (th.). The mean subjet multiplicity as a function of Q(2) is found to be consistent with that measured in NC DlS. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Aegean, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012 OI Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 149 EP 164 DI 10.1140/epic/s2003-01358-2 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 751GY UT WOS:000187058600002 ER PT J AU Holian, BL AF Holian, BL TI Formulating mesodynamics for polycrystalline materials SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-WAVES; PLASTICITY; COPPER; METALS AB For materials consisting of polycrystalline grains, we formulate a minimal basis for mesoscale dynamics - mesodynamics - where the mass points are individual mesoscale grains that interact via a short-ranged and pairwise-additive mesopotential. Newton's equations of motion for the grains are augmented by relative-velocity viscous damping between grains, representing sub-grain dissipative processes. We require, at minimum, two things of the mesopotential: i) in compression, it must be consistent with the nonlinear elastic equation of state, and ii) under tension, the mesoscale bonding between two grains must reflect the fact that grains separate at their mutual interface ( grain boundary) rather than in the bulk. We then show that a polycrystalline system interacting by this minimal mesopotential fails under tension at a yield strength that decreases inversely with the square root of grain size, with a predicted coefficient that agrees remarkably well with Hall-Petch experimental values. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holian, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 64 IS 3 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-00178-y PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 736ZY UT WOS:000186205200006 ER PT J AU Takebe, K Oka, Y Radisky, D Tsuda, H Tochigui, K Koshida, S Kogo, K Hirai, Y AF Takebe, K Oka, Y Radisky, D Tsuda, H Tochigui, K Koshida, S Kogo, K Hirai, Y TI Epimorphin acts to induce hair follicle anagen in C57BL/6 mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE morphogenesis; hair cycle; organ culture assay; anagen induction; molecular dynamics ID KERATINOCYTE GROWTH-FACTOR; IN-VITRO; EPITHELIAL MORPHOGENESIS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; VESICULAR TRANSPORT; ALOPECIA-AREATA; DERMAL PAPILLA; CYCLOSPORINE-A; MOUSE SKIN; EXPRESSION AB Epimorphin is a mesenchymal morphogen that has been shown to mediate epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions in various organs. We now show that epimorphin functions in hair follicle morphogenesis; using a novel ex vivo organ culture assay, we define a mechanism for epimorphin signaling that may provide insight into general developmental processes. We found that epimorphin was produced by follicular mesenchymal cells and bound selectively to follicular epithelial cells, and that treatment with recombinant epimorphin could stimulate procession of hair follicles from telogen (resting stage) to anagen (growing stage). Based on analyses of epimorphin proteolytic digests that suggested a smaller peptide might be able to substitute for the full-length epimorphin molecule, we determined that pep7, a 10-amino acid peptide, was capable of inducing telogen-to-anagen transition both in the culture assay and in the mouse. That pep7 showed maximal activity only when modified with specific sulfhydryl-reactive reagents suggested that a particular structural conformation of the peptide was essential for activity; molecular dynamics studies were pursued to investigate the active peptide structure. These findings define a previously unknown morphogenic process in the hair follicle that may have applications to many other organs. C1 Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Osaka R&D Labs, Sakae Ku, EPM Project Grp, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2448588, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hirai, Y (reprint author), Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Osaka R&D Labs, Sakae Ku, EPM Project Grp, 1 Taya Cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2448588, Japan. EM hirai-yohei@sei.co.jp NR 74 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 17 IS 14 BP 2037 EP 2047 DI 10.1096/fj.03-0386com PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 750AA UT WOS:000186961200040 PM 14597673 ER PT J AU Chistov, A Fournier, H Gurvits, L Koiran, P AF Chistov, A Fournier, H Gurvits, L Koiran, P TI Vandermonde matrices, NP-completeness, and transversal subspaces SO FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXITY AB Let K be an infinite field. We give polynomial time constructions of families of r-dimensional subspaces of K-n with the following transversality property: any linear subspace of K-n of dimension n - r is transversal to at least one element of the family. We also give a new NP-completeness proof for the following problem: given two integers n and m with n less than or equal to m and a n x m matrix A with entries in Z, decide whether there exists an n x n subdeterminant of A which is equal to zero. C1 Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Versailles, F-78035 Versailles, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, LIP, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RP Russian Acad Sci, St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat, St Petersburg, Russia. EM sliss@iias.spb.su; Herve.Fournier@prism.uvsq.fr; gurvits@c3.lanl.gov; Pascal.Koiran@ens-lyon.fr NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-3375 EI 1615-3383 J9 FOUND COMPUT MATH JI Found. Comput. Math. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 3 IS 4 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s10208-002-0076-4 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 739BC UT WOS:000186321500003 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Cheng, L Park, C Zhang, Z Sturchio, NC AF Fenter, P Cheng, L Park, C Zhang, Z Sturchio, NC TI Structure of the orthoclase (001)- and (010)-water interfaces by high-resolution X-ray reflectivity SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; IN-SITU; SURFACE SPECIATION; TEMPERATURE; ALBITE; DIFFRACTION; FELDSPARS; PRESSURE; WATER AB High-resolution in situ X-ray specular reflectivity was used to measure the structures of orthoclase (001) and (010) cleavage surfaces in contact with deionized water at 25degreesC. X-ray reflectivity data demonstrate a high degree of structural similarity between these two orthoclase-water interfaces. Both interfacial structures include cleavage along the plane of minimal bond breakage resulting in surfaces terminated by non-bridging oxygens; structured water within 5 Angstrom of the orthoclase surface (consisting of adsorbed species at the surface and layered water above the surface), with a featureless water profile beyond 5 Angstrom; substitution of outermost K+ ions by an oxygen containing species (presumably H3O+); and small structural displacements of the near surface atoms. The interfacial water structure, in comparison with recent results for other mineral-water interfaces, is intermediate between the minimal structure found at calcite-, barite-, and quartz-water interfaces and the more extensive structure found at the muscovite-water interface. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Res Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Res Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 2003 VL 67 IS 22 BP 4267 EP 4275 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00374-0 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 741DV UT WOS:000186444200004 ER PT J AU Riebe, CS Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC AF Riebe, CS Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC TI Long-term rates of chemical weathering and physical erosion from cosmogenic nuclides and geochemical mass balance SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; SITU-PRODUCED BE-10; PUERTO-RICO; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; DENUDATION RATES; SILICATE ROCKS; SIERRA-NEVADA; EVOLUTION; AL-26; WATERSHEDS AB Quantifying long-term rates of chemical weathering and physical erosion is important for understanding the long-term evolution of soils, landscapes, and Earth's climate. Here we describe how long-term chemical weathering rates can be measured for actively eroding landscapes using cosmogenic nuclides together with a geochemical mass balance of weathered soil and parent rock. We tested this approach in the Rio Icacos watershed, Puerto Rico, where independent studies have estimated weathering rates over both short and long timescales. Results from the cosmogenic/mass balance method are consistent with three independent sets of weathering rate estimates, thus confirming that this approach yields realistic measurements of long-term weathering rates. This approach can separately quantify weathering rates from saprolite and from overlying soil as components of the total. At Rio Icacos, nearly 50% of Si weathering occurs as rock is converted to saprolite; in contrast, nearly 100% of Al weathering occurs in the soil. Physical erosion rates are measured as part of our mass balance approach, making it particularly useful for studying interrelationships between chemical weathering and physical erosion. Our data show that chemical weathering rates are tightly coupled with physical erosion rates, such that the relationship between climate and chemical weathering rates may be obscured by site-to-site differences in the rate that minerals are supplied to soil by physical erosion of rock. One can normalize for variations in physical erosion rates using the "chemical depletion fraction," which measures the fraction of total denudation that is accounted for by chemical weathering. This measure of chemical weathering intensity increases with increasing average temperature and precipitation in data from climatically diverse granitic sites, including tropical Rio Icacos and six temperate sites in the Sierra Nevada, California. Hence, across a wide range of climate regimes, analysis of chemical depletion fractions appears to effectively account for site-to-site differences in physical erosion rates, which would otherwise obscure climatic effects on chemical weathering rates. Our results show that by quantifying rates of physical erosion and chemical weathering together, our mass balance approach can be used to determine the relative importance of climatic and nonclimatic factors in regulating long-term chemical weathering rates. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Riebe, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; Riebe, Clifford/B-7670-2012 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; NR 57 TC 155 Z9 159 U1 4 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 2003 VL 67 IS 22 BP 4411 EP 4427 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00382-X PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 741DV UT WOS:000186444200012 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Finkel, RC Haizhou, M Spencer, JQ Derbyshire, E Barnard, PL Caffee, MW AF Owen, LA Finkel, RC Haizhou, M Spencer, JQ Derbyshire, E Barnard, PL Caffee, MW TI Timing and style of Late Quaternary glaciation in northeastern Tibet SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Tibet; glaciation; monsoon; cosmogenic radionuclide dating; optically stimulated luminescence dating ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; EURASIAN SNOW COVER; APPARENT RELATIONSHIP; HIMALAYAN GLACIATION; NORTHERN PAKISTAN; MOUNT EVEREST; QILIAN SHAN; QUARTZ; LUMINESCENCE; SENSITIVITY AB Glacial successions in the Anyemaqen and Nianbaoyeze Mountains of northeastern Tibet are reassessed and new glacial chronologies are presented for these regions. Cosmogenic radionuclide and optically stimulated luminescence dating indicates that two glacial advances occurred in marine isotope stage (MIS)-3 and MIS-2. In the Anyemaqen Mountains, a third advance occurred in the Early Holocene. We suggest that glaciation was synchronous in the Anyemaqen and Nianbaoyeze Mountains, as well as in other glaciated areas of Tibet and the Himalaya that are influenced by the Asian monsoon. The maximum extent of glaciation occurred early in the last glacial cycle (MIS-3) during a time of increased insolation when the monsoon intensified and supplied abundant precipitation, as snow at high altitude, to feed high-altitude glaciers. This suggests that precipitation, as snow, is fundamental in controlling glaciation in these regions. However, the occurrence of glacial advances during the insolation minimum of MIS-2 suggests that, despite reduced precipitation at this time, the annual temperatures were cold enough to maintain positive glacier mass balances. The numerically defined chronologies for the Anye-maqen and Nianbaoyeze Mountains presented here provide a framework for comparing glacial advances in other parts of high Asia. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Saline Lakes, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Quaternary Res Ctr, Egham, Surrey, England. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 53 TC 86 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 19 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD, STE 960-S, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 115 IS 11 BP 1356 EP 1364 DI 10.1130/B25314.1 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 740QW UT WOS:000186413900004 ER PT J AU Moser, DP Onstott, TC Fredrickson, JK Brockman, FJ Balkwill, DL Drake, GR Pfiffner, SM White, DC Takai, K Pratt, LM Fong, J Lollar, BS Slater, G Phelps, TJ Spoelstra, N Deflaun, M Southam, G Welty, AT Baker, BJ Hoek, J AF Moser, DP Onstott, TC Fredrickson, JK Brockman, FJ Balkwill, DL Drake, GR Pfiffner, SM White, DC Takai, K Pratt, LM Fong, J Lollar, BS Slater, G Phelps, TJ Spoelstra, N Deflaun, M Southam, G Welty, AT Baker, BJ Hoek, J TI Temporal shifts in the geochemistry and microbial community structure of an ultradeep mine borehole following isolation SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; borehole; community structure; deep subsurface; fissure water; mine ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIUM; DEEP GRANITIC AQUIFERS; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE; GOLD-MINE; GEN. NOV.; SP. NOV.; DESULFOTOMACULUM AB A borehole draining a water-bearing dyke fracture at 3.2-km depth in a South African Au mine was isolated from the open mine environment. Geochemical, stable isotopic, nucleic acid-based, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses were employed as culture-independent means for assessing shifts in the microbial community and habitat as the system equilibrated with the native rock-water environment. Over a two-month period, the pH increased from 5.5 to 7.4, concurrent with a drop in pe from -2 to -3. Whereas rDNAs related to Desulfotomaculum spp. represented the major clone type encountered throughout, lipid biomarker profiling along with 16S rDNA clone library and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses indicated the emergence of other Gram-positive and deeply-branching lineages in samples during the later stages of the equilibration period. A biofilm that formed on the mine wall below the borehole produced abundant rDNAs related to the alpha Proteobacteria . beta- and gamma - Proteobacteria appeared to transiently bloom in the borehole shortly after isolation. Chemical modeling and sulfur isotope analyses of the borehole effluent indicated that microbial sulfate reduction was the major terminal electron-accepting process shortly after isolation, whereas Fe +3 reduction dominated towards the end of the experiment. The persistence of Desulfotomaculum -like bacteria throughout suggests that these organisms adapted to changing geochemical conditions as the redox decreased and pH increased following the isolation of the borehole from the mine atmosphere. The restoration of anaerobic aquatic chemistry to this borehole environment may have allowed microbiota indigenous to the local basalt aquifer to become more dominant among the diverse collection of bacterial lineages present in the borehole. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN USA. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Program Deep Sea Environm, Subground Animalculae Retrieval Project, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Biogeochem Labs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geosci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Driefontein Consolidated Mine, Carletonville, South Africa. Geosyntec, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada. No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol Sci, Madison, WI USA. Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Moser, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mailstop 7-50,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM duane.moser@pnl.gov RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Slater, Greg/B-5163-2013; Southam, Gordon/D-1983-2013 OI Slater, Greg/0000-0001-7418-7566; Southam, Gordon/0000-0002-8941-1249 NR 73 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 6 BP 517 EP 548 DI 10.1080/713851170 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 754ZX UT WOS:000187364300001 ER PT J AU Herbel, MJ Blum, JS Oremland, RS Borglin, SE AF Herbel, MJ Blum, JS Oremland, RS Borglin, SE TI Reduction of elemental selenium to selenide: Experiments with anoxic sediments and bacteria that respire Se-oxyanions SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacteria; reduction; sediments; selenides; selenium ID KESTERSON RESERVOIR; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; STRAIN SES-3; SPECIATION; SELENATE; CALIFORNIA; SOILS; FRACTIONATION; GROWTH AB A selenite-respiring bacterium, Bacillus selenitireducens , produced significant levels of Se(-II) (as aqueous HSe - ) when supplied with Se(0). B. selenitireducens was also able to reduce selenite [Se(IV)] through Se(0) to Se(-II). Reduction of Se(0) by B. selenitireducens was more rapid in cells grown on colloidal sulfur [S(0)] or Se(IV) as their electron acceptor than for cell lines grown on fumarate. In contrast, three cultures of selenate-respiring bacteria, Sulfurospirillum barnesii , B. arsenicoselenatis , and Selenihalanaerobacter shriftii either were unable to reduce Se(0) to Se(-II) or had only a very limited capacity to achieve this reduction. Biological reduction of Se(0) to Se(-II) was observed during incubation of estuarine sediment slurries, while no such activity was noted in formalin-killed controls. The majority of the Se(-II) produced was found in the sediments as a solid precipitate of FeSe, rather than in solution as HSe - . These results demonstrate that certain anaerobic bacteria have the capacity to reduce Se(0) to Se(-II), providing a possible biological explanation for the occurrence of the selenide species in some sedimentary rocks. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Herbel, MJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM mherbel@stanford.edu RI Schneider, Larissa/C-9863-2012; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 20 IS 6 BP 587 EP 602 DI 10.1080/713851163 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 754ZX UT WOS:000187364300005 ER PT J AU Lee, KH Kim, HJ AF Lee, KH Kim, HJ TI Source-independent full-waveform inversion of seismic data SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRAVEL-TIME; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; TOMOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS AB A rigorous full-waveform inversion of seismic data has been a challenging subject, partly because of the lack of precise knowledge of the source. Since currently available approaches involve some form of approximations to the source, inversion results are subject to the quality and choice of the source information used. We propose a new full-waveform inversion methodology that does not involve source spectrum information. Thus, potential inversion errors from source estimation can be eliminated. A gather of seismic traces is first Fourier transformed into the frequency domain, and a normalized wavefield is obtained for each trace in the frequency domain. Normalization is done with respect to the frequency response of a reference trace selected from the gather, so the complex-valued normalized wavefield is dimensionless. The source spectrum is eliminated during the normalization procedure. With its source spectrum eliminated, the normalized wavefield lets us construct an inversion algorithm without the source information. The inversion algorithm minimizes misfits between a measured normalized wavefield and a numerically computed normalized wavefield. The proposed approach has been demonstrated successfully using a simple 2D scalar problem. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pukyung Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. RP Lee, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khlee@lbl.gov; hejkim@pknu.ac.kr NR 23 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 68 IS 6 BP 2010 EP 2015 DI 10.1190/1.1635054 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 812JT UT WOS:000220836500024 ER PT J AU Riley, WJ Still, CJ Helliker, BR Ribas-Carbo, M Berry, JA AF Riley, WJ Still, CJ Helliker, BR Ribas-Carbo, M Berry, JA TI O-18 composition of CO2 and H2O ecosystem pools and fluxes in a tallgrass prairie: Simulations and comparisons to measurements SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric CO2; CO2 flux partitioning; ISOLSM; isotopes; model; oxygen isotope ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE RATIO; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY; BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RESPIRED CO2; 3-DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-VAPOR AB In this paper we describe measurements and modeling of O-18 in CO2 and H2O pools and fluxes at a tallgrass prairie site in Oklahoma. We present measurements of the delta(18)O value of leaf water, depth-resolved soil water, atmospheric water vapor, and Keeling plot delta(18)O intercepts for net soil-surface CO2 and ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes during three periods of the 2000 growing season. Daytime discrimination against (COO)-O-18, as calculated from measured above-canopy CO2 and delta(18)O gradients, is also presented. To interpret the isotope measurements, we applied an integrated land-surface and isotope model (ISOLSM) that simulates ecosystem (H2O)-O-18 and (COO)-O-18 stocks and fluxes. ISOLSM accurately predicted the measured isotopic composition of ecosystem water pools and the delta(18)O value of net ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes. Simulations indicate that incomplete equilibration between CO2 and H2O within C-4 plant leaves can have a substantial impact on ecosystem discrimination. Diurnal variations in the delta(18)O value of above-canopy vapor had a small impact on the predicted delta(18)O value of ecosystem water pools, although sustained differences had a large impact. Diurnal variations in the delta(18)O value of above-canopy CO2 substantially affected the predicted ecosystem discrimination. Leaves dominate the ecosystem O-18-isoflux in CO2 during the growing season, while the soil contribution is relatively small and less variable. However, interpreting daytime measurements of ecosystem (COO)-O-18 fluxes requires accurate predictions of both soil and leaf O-18-isofluxes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Illes Balears, Dept Biol, Area Fisiol Vegetal, Illes Balears 07071, Spain. RP Riley, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90-1106,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; Ribas-Carbo, Miquel/N-1634-2013; Riley, William/D-3345-2015 OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; Ribas-Carbo, Miquel/0000-0002-7337-2089; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1567 EP 1581 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00680.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 740DV UT WOS:000186387400005 ER PT J AU BassiriRad, H Constable, JVH Lussenhop, J Kimball, BA Norby, RJ Oechel, WC Reich, PB Schlesinger, WH Zitzer, S Sehtiya, HL Silim, S AF BassiriRad, H Constable, JVH Lussenhop, J Kimball, BA Norby, RJ Oechel, WC Reich, PB Schlesinger, WH Zitzer, S Sehtiya, HL Silim, S TI Widespread foliage delta N-15 depletion under elevated CO2: inferences for the nitrogen cycle SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; FACE; foliage N-15; nitrogen cycle ID N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL-NITROGEN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT; NITRATE; ENRICHMENT; MYCORRHIZAL; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS AB Leaf N-15 signature is a powerful tool that can provide an integrated assessment of the nitrogen (N) cycle and whether it is influenced by rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. We tested the hypothesis that elevated CO2 significantly changes foliage delta(15)N in a wide range of plant species and ecosystem types. This objective was achieved by determining the delta(15)N of foliage of 27 field-grown plant species from six free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments representing desert, temperate forest, Mediterranean-type, grassland prairie, and agricultural ecosystems. We found that within species, the delta(15)N of foliage produced under elevated CO2 was significantly lower (P<0.038) compared with that of foliage grown under ambient conditions. Further analysis of foliage delta(15)N by life form and growth habit revealed that the CO2 effect was consistent across all functional groups tested. The examination of two chaparral shrubs grown for 6 years under a wide range of CO2 concentrations (25-75 Pa) also showed a significant and negative correlation between growth CO2 and leaf delta(15)N. In a select number of species, we measured bulk soil delta(15)N at a depth of 10 cm, and found that the observed depletion of foliage delta(15)N in response to elevated CO2 was unrelated to changes in the soil delta(15)N. While the data suggest a strong influence of elevated CO2 on the N cycle in diverse ecosystems, the exact site(s) at which elevated CO2 alters fractionating processes of the N cycle remains unclear. We cannot rule out the fact that the pattern of foliage delta(15)N responses to elevated CO2 reported here resulted from a general drop in delta(15)N of the source N, caused by soil-driven processes. There is a stronger possibility, however, that the general depletion of foliage delta(15)N under high CO2 may have resulted from changes in the fractionating processes within the plant/mycorrhizal system. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. ARS, Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP BassiriRad, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM hormoz@uic.edu RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1582 EP 1590 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00679.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 740DV UT WOS:000186387400006 ER PT J AU Toledo, MS Suzuki, E Handa, K Hakomori, S AF Toledo, MS Suzuki, E Handa, K Hakomori, S TI Contact inhibition of cell growth, and loss of this process, as related to GM3- and FGF-dependent signaling through cSrc and Csk activity in microdomain: WI-38 vs. VA-13 cells SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY DEC 03-06, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Glycobiol C1 Pacific Northwest Res Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Toledo, Marcos/B-6243-2008; Auzanneau, France-Isabelle/E-9153-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2003 VL 13 IS 11 MA 133 BP 861 EP 861 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 735WU UT WOS:000186138200135 ER PT J AU Mailloux, BJ Fuller, ME Rose, GF Onstott, TC DeFlaun, MF Alvarez, E Hemingway, C Hallet, RB Phelps, TJ Griffin, T AF Mailloux, BJ Fuller, ME Rose, GF Onstott, TC DeFlaun, MF Alvarez, E Hemingway, C Hallet, RB Phelps, TJ Griffin, T TI A modular injection system, multilevel sampler, and manifold for tracer tests SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; SANDY AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER; DESIGN; FIELD; MOVEMENT; GRAVEL; OYSTER AB Ground water injection and sampling systems were developed for bacterial transport experiments in both homogenous and heterogeneous unconsolidated, surficial aquifers. Two types of injection systems, a large single tank and a dynamic mixing tank, were designed to deliver more than 800 L of amended ground water to the aquifer over 12 hours, without altering the ground water temperature, pH, Eh, or dissolved gas composition. Two types of multi-level samplers (MLSs) were designed and installed. Permanent MLSs performed well for the homogenous surficial aquifer, but their installation procedure promoted vertical mixing, which could obfuscate experimental data obtained from vertically stratified, heterogeneous aquifers. A novel, removable MLS was designed to fit in 2- and 4-inch wells. Expandable O-rings between each sampling port hydraulically isolated each port for sample collection when a nut b was tightened at the land surface. A low-cost vacuum manifold system designed to work with both MLS designs used 50 mL centrifuge tubes to efficiently sample 12 MLS ports with one peristaltic pump head. The integrated system was developed and used during four field campaigns over a period of three years. During each campaign, more than 3000 ground water samples were collected in less than one week. This system should prove particularly useful for ground water tracer, injection, and push-pull experiments that require high-frequency and/or high-density sampling. C1 Envirogen Inc, Princeton Res Ctr, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. Golder Associates Inc, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Golder Associates Inc, Jacksonville, FL USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Golder Associates Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mailloux, BJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10115 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 816 EP 827 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02422.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 740QG UT WOS:000186412600015 PM 14649864 ER PT J AU Wilson, MD Hinton, TG AF Wilson, MD Hinton, TG TI Comparative bias associated with various estimates of dose to maximally exposed individuals SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE contamination, environmental; exposure, population; maximum permissible concentrations; safety standards AB Protection of the environment from anthropogenic radiation is a resurging international interest. The paradigm currently in use argues that the population is adequately protected if dose rates to the maximally exposed individuals are below a certain limit. Based on data sampled from natural populations, resource managers need to be able to test the hypothesis that dose rates to the maximally exposed individuals are acceptable. Recognizing the difficulty of sampling the maximally exposed individual within a contaminated environment, risk assessors have used various alternative approaches that vary from changing the paradigm and applying recommended dose rate limits to representatively, rather than maximally, exposed individuals, to using the 95th percentile of the sample mean as an estimator of the population maximum. To determine the effectiveness of numerous proposed alternatives, we used computer simulation techniques to generate a "population" of doses with known distributional qualities and then mathematically "sampled" the population to compare the ability of the various statistics at estimating the known population maximum. The simulation procedure was repeated 1000 times using Monte Carlo techniques, each time producing a measure of the distance between the estimate and the true value. We were thus able to quantify the bias associated with several approaches used to determine compliance with dose rate criteria established by the Department of Energy for protecting biota. The 95th quantile of the sample mean, and the sample maximum underestimated the population maximum by as much as 72 and 44%, respectively. The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the 99.99th percentile was found to be the best predictor of the population maximum, even for small sample sizes of 20 and for both normally and lognormally distributed populations. However, bias associated with the MLE increased significantly if the population's distribution was incorrectly identified. We suggest shifting the regulatory criterion appropriately to argue that if the top 1% (as opposed to the maximum) of the population has a dose rate less than or equal to the regulatory limit then the population is adequately protected, and then using the MLE of the 99.99th percentile as the least biased sample statistic. Results of this study are also relevant when estimating dose to critical subgroups of humans whose lifestyles are such that their doses are among the maximum for the population. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM thinton@srel.edu NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 5 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1097/00004032-200311000-00006 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 733TM UT WOS:000186016800006 PM 14571991 ER PT J AU Whicker, JJ Rodgers, JC Moxley, JS AF Whicker, JJ Rodgers, JC Moxley, JS TI A quantitative method for optimized placement of continuous air monitors SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE air sampling; monitoring, air; radioactivity, airborne; occupational safety ID DEPARTMENT-OF-ENERGY; WORKER PROTECTION; FLOW; VENTILATION AB Alarming continuous air monitors (CAMs) are a critical component for worker protection in facilities that handle large amounts of hazardous materials. In nuclear facilities, continuous air monitors alarm when levels of airborne radioactive materials exceed alarm thresholds, thus prompting workers to exit the room to reduce inhalation exposures. To maintain a high level of worker protection, continuous air monitors are required to detect radioactive aerosol clouds quickly and with good sensitivity. This requires that there are sufficient numbers of continuous air monitors in a room and that they are well positioned. Yet there are no published methodologies to quantitatively determine the optimal number and placement of continuous air monitors in a room. The goal of this study was to develop and test an approach to quantitatively determine optimal number and placement of continuous air monitors in a room. The method we have developed uses tracer aerosol releases (to simulate accidental releases) and the measurement of the temporal and spatial aspects of the dispersion of the tracer aerosol through the room. The aerosol dispersion data is then analyzed to optimize continuous air monitor utilization based on simulated worker exposure. This method was tested in a room within a Department of Energy operated plutonium facility at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, U.S. Results from this study show that the value of quantitative airflow and aerosol dispersion studies is significant and that worker protection can be significantly improved while balancing the costs associated with CAM programs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Radiol Technol Grp, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Whicker, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Mail Stop G761, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jjwhicker@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 5 BP 599 EP 609 DI 10.1097/00004032-200311000-00008 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 733TM UT WOS:000186016800008 PM 14571993 ER PT J AU Anspaugh, LR Shishkina, EA Shved, VA Degteva, MO Tolstykh, EI Napier, BA AF Anspaugh, LR Shishkina, EA Shved, VA Degteva, MO Tolstykh, EI Napier, BA TI Comment on paper by Hayes, Haskell, and Kenner SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID EPR TOOTH DOSIMETRY; TECHA RIVER DATA; STRONTIUM METABOLISM; DENTAL-TISSUES; SR-90; ENAMEL; TEETH; RECONSTRUCTION; POPULATION; SYSTEM C1 Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Urals Res Ctr Radiat Med, Chelyabinsk 454076, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Anspaugh, LR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Shishkina, Elena/G-4595-2016 OI Shishkina, Elena/0000-0003-4464-0889 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 5 BP 622 EP 624 DI 10.1097/00004032-200311000-00013 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 733TM UT WOS:000186016800013 PM 14571997 ER PT J AU Velarde, SK Shores, EF Lee, DW AF Velarde, SK Shores, EF Lee, DW TI Programs and procedures for a large x-ray safety program SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; radiation protection; x rays; safety standards AB As radiation safety surveys of x-ray equipment are the responsibility of many health physicists, actual procedures vary among facilities. In an effort to share survey methodology of a large research institution, aspects of the x-ray safety program at Los Alamos National Laboratory are described. A definition of an intentional x-ray generating device is proposed in light of the absence or inadequacy of such a definition in applicable federal law and. national consensus guidance documents. Regulations and procedures are discussed, and a sample database used in managing the Los Alamos program is presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shores, EF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K483, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eshores@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 85 IS 5 SU S BP S94 EP S100 DI 10.1097/00004032-200311002-00011 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 734RD UT WOS:000186069900009 PM 14570262 ER PT J AU Kurotaki, N Harada, N Shimokawa, O Miyake, N Kawame, H Uetake, K Makita, Y Kondoh, T Ogata, T Hasegawa, T Nagai, T Ozaki, T Touyama, M Shenhav, R Ohashi, H Medne, L Shiihara, T Ohtsu, S Kato, Z Okamoto, N Nishimoto, J Lev, D Miyoshi, Y Ishikiriyama, S Sonoda, T Sakazume, S Fukushima, Y Kurosawa, K Cheng, JF Yoshiura, K Ohta, T Kishino, T Niikawa, N Matsumoto, N AF Kurotaki, N Harada, N Shimokawa, O Miyake, N Kawame, H Uetake, K Makita, Y Kondoh, T Ogata, T Hasegawa, T Nagai, T Ozaki, T Touyama, M Shenhav, R Ohashi, H Medne, L Shiihara, T Ohtsu, S Kato, Z Okamoto, N Nishimoto, J Lev, D Miyoshi, Y Ishikiriyama, S Sonoda, T Sakazume, S Fukushima, Y Kurosawa, K Cheng, JF Yoshiura, K Ohta, T Kishino, T Niikawa, N Matsumoto, N TI Fifty microdeletions among 112 cases of Sotos syndrome: low copy repeats possibly mediate the common deletion SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE Soros syndrome; SoS; NSD1; microdeletion; low copy repeat ID GENOMIC DISORDERS; NSD1 MUTATIONS; REARRANGEMENTS; WEAVER; GENE; HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY; TRANSLOCATION; FEATURES; DISEASE AB Sotos syndrome (SoS) is an autosomal dominant overgrowth syndrome with characteristic craniofacial dysmorphic features and various degrees of mental retardation. We previously showed that haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene is the major cause of SoS, and submicroscopic deletions at 5q35, including NSD1, were found in about a half (20/42) of our patients examined. Since the first report, an additional 70 SoS cases consisting of 53 Japanese and 17 non-Japanese have been analyzed. We found 50 microdeletions (45%) and 16 point mutations (14%) among all the 112 cases. A large difference in the frequency of microdeletions between Japanese and non Japanese patients was noted: 49 (52%) of the 95 Japanese patients and only one (6%) of the 17 non-Japanese had microdeletions. A sequence-based physical map was constructed to characterize the microdeletions. Most of the microdeletions were confirmed to be identical by FISH analysis. We identified highly homologous sequences, i.e., possible low copy repeats (LCRs), in regions flanking proximal and distal. breakpoints of the common deletion. This suggests that LCRs may mediate the deletion. Such LCRs seem to be present in different populations. Thus the different frequency of microdeletions between Japanese and non, Japanese cases in our study may have been caused by patient-selection bias. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Nagasaki Univ, Dept Human Genet, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan. Kyushu Med Sci Nagasaki Lab, Nagasaki, Japan. Nagano Children Hosp, Div Med Genet, Nagano, Japan. Obihiro Kohsei Hosp, Div Pediat, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan. Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Nagasaki Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Nagasaki 852, Japan. Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Dept Endocrinol & Metab, Tokyo, Japan. Shizuoka Childrens Med Ctr, Div Clin Genet & Cytogenet, Shizuoka, Japan. Dokkyo Univ, Koshigaya Hosp, Dept Pediat, Koshigaya, Japan. Kohseiren Showa Hosp, Div Pediat, Kounan, Japan. Okinawa Child Dev Ctr, Okinawa, Japan. Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Med Genet, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Saitama Childrens Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Iwatsuki, Saitama, Japan. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Clin Genet Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Yamagata Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Yamagata 99023, Japan. Kitasato Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228, Japan. Gifu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Gifu 500, Japan. Osaka Med Ctr, Dept Planning & Res, Osaka, Japan. Res Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Izumi, Japan. Kinki Cent Hosp Mutual Aid Assoc Publ Sch Teacher, Dept Pediat, Itami, Hyogo, Japan. Wolfson Med Ctr, Inst Med Genet, Holon, Israel. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, Dept Dev Med Pediat, Suita, Osaka, Japan. Chiba Childrens Hosp, Div Med Genet, Chiba, Japan. Miyazaki Med Coll, Dept Pediat, Miyazaki 88916, Japan. Shinshu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Med Genet, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. Kanagawa Childrens Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. Nagasaki Univ, Ctr Gene Res, Nagasaki 852, Japan. RP Matsumoto, N (reprint author), Nagasaki Univ, Dept Human Genet, Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan. RI Kato, Zenichiro/E-8900-2010; Kurosawa, Kenji/B-6561-2016; OI Kurosawa, Kenji/0000-0002-6817-7748; Shiihara, Takashi/0000-0002-0852-7451 NR 23 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 378 EP 387 DI 10.1002/humu.10270 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 738QJ UT WOS:000186299100005 PM 14517949 ER PT J AU Korber, B AF Korber, B TI AIDS Vaccine 2003 18-21 September 2003, New York, NY, USA SO IDRUGS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The second AIDS Vaccine meeting, AIDS Vaccine 2003, included scientists, policy makers, community advocates and people with an interest in vaccine concepts and trials. While no single strategy is yet emerging that has a clear advantage in the development Of an effective vaccine, new concepts are being conceived, and a greater understanding of the nuances of cross-reactive immunogenicity is developing. Many concepts are moving from hypothesis to the initial stages of immunogenicity testing in animals, and some have progressed to safety and toxicity testing in humans. Included within these strategies is the use of modified monomeric and oligomeric envelope proteins as immunogens, with the expectation that they may reveal stable, exposed, neutralizing epitopes. There are also attempts to address antigenic diversity by employing polyvalent approaches and artificially derived central sequences to create vaccines that may be able to elicit more extensive cross-reactivity. A greater depth of understanding regarding the complex nature of diverse T-cell subsets in shaping the immune response is emerging, while a more directed antigen presentation process via specific dendritic cells is being explored as a potential strategy to enhance the immune response. The meeting covered a broad range of topics, although this report focuses on descriptions of strategies that anticipate the need for vaccine that can contend with the diversity of HIV-1. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Korber, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1P 6LB, ENGLAND SN 1369-7056 J9 IDRUGS JI IDrugs PD NOV PY 2003 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1046 EP 1048 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 745XH UT WOS:000186716000011 PM 15270036 ER PT J AU Cummings, EB AF Cummings, EB TI Streaming dielectrophoresis for continuous-flow microfluidic devices SO IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION; FIELD; FRACTIONATION; CELLS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cummings, EB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ebcummi@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0739-5175 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIOL JI IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 22 IS 6 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1109/MEMB.2003.1266050 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA 772JH UT WOS:000188838500011 PM 15007994 ER PT J AU Merritt, SY Chaitkin, SD AF Merritt, SY Chaitkin, SD TI No-load versus load loss SO IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Merritt & Associates, Bedford, VA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Merritt, SY (reprint author), Merritt & Associates, Bedford, VA USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-2618 J9 IEEE IND APPL MAG JI IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1109/MIA.2003.1245792 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 741BG UT WOS:000186438100006 ER PT J AU Uchida, A Heil, T Liu, Y Davis, P Aida, T AF Uchida, A Heil, T Liu, Y Davis, P Aida, T TI High-frequency broad-band signal generation using a semiconductor laser with a chaotic optical injection SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE broad-band; chaos; chaotic communications; high frequency; injection locking; optical communications; semiconductor lasers ID MODULATION BANDWIDTH; FEEDBACK; LOCKING; SYNCHRONIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; SUBJECT; NOISE AB Chaotic signals with a flat power spectrum over 20 GHz have been generated using two commercially available semiconductor lasers coupled in a unidirectional master-slave scheme. The master laser has an external optical feedback that induces optical chaos in the laser output. A part of the chaotic light output from the master laser is injected into the slave laser. We experimentally demonstrated the generation of broad-band signals up to 22 GHz using lasers whose relaxation oscillation frequency in the free-running state is only around 6.4 GHz. We also show that the experimental results can be well reproduced by numerical simulations using two coupled rate equations. The numerical investigation shows that the high-frequency broad-band signal generation is owing to two key effects: high-frequency oscillations as a result of beating between the master and slave laser lights, and spectrum flattening due to the injection of the chaotic signal. The flatness, stability, and tunability of the power spectra demonstrated in our experiments suggests that the proposed system can be potentially useful for generation of high-frequency broad-band random signals. C1 ATR, Adapt Commun Res Labs, Kyoto 6190288, Japan. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uchida, A (reprint author), ATR, Adapt Commun Res Labs, Kyoto 6190288, Japan. NR 17 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1462 EP 1467 DI 10.1109/JQE.2003.818281 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 738KM UT WOS:000186285800015 ER PT J AU Toliver, P Runser, RJ Chapuran, TE Jackel, JL Banwell, TC Goodman, MS Hughes, RJ Peterson, CG Derkacs, D Nordholt, JE Mercer, L McNown, S Goldman, A Blake, J AF Toliver, P Runser, RJ Chapuran, TE Jackel, JL Banwell, TC Goodman, MS Hughes, RJ Peterson, CG Derkacs, D Nordholt, JE Mercer, L McNown, S Goldman, A Blake, J TI Experimental investigation of quantum key distribution through transparent optical switch elements SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE data security; optical fiber communication; optical switches; quantum cryptography; quantum key distribution ID CRYPTOGRAPHY AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditional physical layer security for the distribution of cryptographic key material. However, most experimental demonstrations have relied on simple point-to-point optical links. In this paper we investigate the compatibility of QKD with reconfigurable optical networks. By performing the first tests of QKD transmission through optimal switches, we study if there are impairment mechanisms other than switch insertion loss that impact the sifted and error corrected secret bit yield. Three types of transparent optical switch elements are investigated including lithium niobate (LiNbO3), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and optomechanical. We show that QKD can be extended beyond point-to-point links to switched multinode architectures including protected ring networks to enhance quantum channel availability. C1 Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lab Telecommun Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Toliver, P (reprint author), Telcordia Technol, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. NR 10 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1669 EP 1671 DI 10.1109/LPT.2003.818687 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 735LA UT WOS:000186113900059 ER PT J AU Gerenrot, D Berlyand, L Phillips, J AF Gerenrot, D Berlyand, L Phillips, J TI Random network model for heat transfer in high contrast composite materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article DE conductivity; percolation; polydispersity; random resistor network; thermal ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PERCOLATION-THRESHOLD; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTOR NETWORKS; CEMENT MORTAR; RENORMALIZATION; SYSTEMS AB Thermal management of future generations of integrated circuits will require the use of packages with higher thermal conductivity and greater areas of contact between particles. In this paper, we introduce a novel percolation computational model of the most commonly suggested design: polymer filled with highly conductive ceramic (e.g., boron nitride) particles. The effective conductivity of random networks of spherical conductors with different degree of: fill, polydispersity, conductivity, and interface contact were determined by solving systems of Kirchoff's equations for cubic resistor network. It was found that above the percolation threshold (approximately 0.36, all cases), the effective conductivity is almost a linear function of the amount of fill or contact area between particles. Also, monodispersed filter yielded significantly higher effective conductivity than systems with three filler sizes. The model shows that if any spatial periodic arrangement is used, then effective conductivity much higher than that of the polymer matrix cannot be reached by increasing the conductivity of the filler. Thus periodic composites below maximal packing volume fraction yield the effective conductivity comparable to that of the polymer. We show that for nonperiodic (random) arrays the conductivity does improve significantly with increasing fill volume above the percolation threshold. Also, in agreement with recent experimental work, we rind the key to significant improvement in thermal conductivity is an increase in contact area between particles. This last result suggests an explanation for recent experimental reports that boron nitride-filled polymers provide for higher conductivity than polymers filled with harder materials. Our model allows for quantitative estimation of the the effective conductivity as a function of the contact area, polydispersity and the volume fraction. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA Weapon Mat & Mfg, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gerenrot, D (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gerenrot@math.psu.edu; berlyand@math.psu.edu; jphillips@lanl.gov RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 26 IS 4 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2003.821070 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 764TW UT WOS:000188223000009 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Lee, SJ Jiles, DC Garton, M Lopez, R Brasche, L AF Lee, JY Lee, SJ Jiles, DC Garton, M Lopez, R Brasche, L TI Sensitivity analysis of simulations for magnetic particle inspection using the finite-element method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (Intermag 2003) CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2003 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS DE finite-element method; magnetic particle inspection; nondestructive evaluation; sensitivity analysis AB Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is widely used for nondestructive evaluation in aerospace applications in which interpretation of inspection results is currently limited to empirical knowledge and experience-based approaches. Advances in computational magnetics, particularly the use of finite-element calcu lations, have enabled realistic numerical simulations of magnetic particle inspection to be undertaken with complicated geometries. In this paper, we report a sensitivity analysis using finite-element-method simulations of magnetic particle inspection for defects with various sizes and geometries. As a result, improved quantitative understanding of the MPI technique and factors that Affects its sensitivity and reliability has been achieved. These results can be used to optimize conditions for conducting these inspections and should lead to improvement in analysis and interpretation of experimental results. C1 Samsung SDS, IT Res Ctr, Boondang 463810, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Aviat Syst Reliabil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Samsung SDS, IT Res Ctr, Boondang 463810, South Korea. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 39 IS 6 BP 3604 EP 3606 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2003.816152 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 755WJ UT WOS:000187434200025 ER PT J AU Azumi, K De Santis, R De Tomaso, A Rigoutsos, I Yoshizaki, F Pinto, MR Marino, R Shida, K Ikeda, M Ikeda, M Arai, M Inoue, Y Shimizu, T Satoh, N Rokhsar, DS Du Pasquier, L Kasahara, M Satake, M Nonaka, M AF Azumi, K De Santis, R De Tomaso, A Rigoutsos, I Yoshizaki, F Pinto, MR Marino, R Shida, K Ikeda, M Ikeda, M Arai, M Inoue, Y Shimizu, T Satoh, N Rokhsar, DS Du Pasquier, L Kasahara, M Satake, M Nonaka, M TI Genomic analysis of immunity in a Urochordate and the emergence of the vertebrate immune system: "waiting for Godot" SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE genome analysis; immunological genes; urochordate; evolution ID LYMPHOCYTE-LIKE CELLS; HALOCYNTHIA-RORETZI; CIONA-INTESTINALIS; COMPLEMENT-SYSTEM; INNATE IMMUNITY; RECEPTOR; CLONING; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; EVOLUTION AB Genome-wide sequence analysis in the invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis, has provided a comprehensive picture of immune-related genes in an organism that occupies a key phylogenetic position in vertebrate evolution. The pivotal genes for adaptive immunity, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes, T-cell receptors, or dimeric immunoglobulin molecules, have not been identified in the Ciona genome. Many genes involved in innate immunity have been identified, including complement components, Toll-like receptors, and the genes involved in intracellular signal transduction of immune responses, and show both expansion and unexpected diversity in comparison with the vertebrates. In addition, a number of genes were identified which predicted integral membrane proteins with extracellular C-type lectin or immunoglobulin domains and intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) (plus their associated signal transduction molecules), suggesting that activating and inhibitory receptors have an MHC-independent function and an early evolutionary origin. A crucial component of vertebrate adaptive immunity is somatic diversification, and the recombination activating genes (RAG) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) genes responsible for the Generation of diversity are not present in Ciona. However, there are key V regions, the essential feature of an immunoglobulin superfamily VC1-like core, and possible proto-MHC regions scattered throughout the genome waiting for Godot. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biochem, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Staz Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 93950 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Bioinformat & Pattern Discovery Grp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Tohoku Univ, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Hirosaki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Informat Syst Engn, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Zool, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Zool, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Adv Sci, Dept Biosyst Sci, Hayama 2400193, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging & Canc, Dept Mol Immunol, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808575, Japan. RP Nonaka, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM mnonaka@biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Satoh, Nori/C-4123-2009; Kasahara, Masanori/G-7651-2011; NONAKA, MASARU/G-4929-2014; shida, kazuhito/H-3400-2016; OI Marino, Rita/0000-0002-4274-2243; shida, kazuhito/0000-0002-2173-2249; Rigoutsos, Isidore/0000-0003-1529-8631 NR 44 TC 188 Z9 207 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD NOV PY 2003 VL 55 IS 8 BP 570 EP 581 DI 10.1007/s00251-003-0606-5 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 743UV UT WOS:000186592700007 PM 14530883 ER PT J AU Taylor, JD Herdman, CM Wu, BC Wally, K Rice, SF AF Taylor, JD Herdman, CM Wu, BC Wally, K Rice, SF TI Hydrogen production in a compact supercritical water reformer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; hydrogen; methanol; Inconel 625; catalyst; reforming ID PALLADIUM MEMBRANE REACTOR; METHANOL; ACID; CU/ZNO/AL2O3; GASIFICATION; CONVERSION; ALCOHOLS; GLUCOSE; CO AB Experiments were conducted to investigate the reforming of organic compounds (primarily methanol) in supercritical water at 550-700degreesC and 27.6 MPa in a tubular Inconel 625 reactor. The results show that methanol can be completely converted to a product stream that is low in methane and near the equilibrium composition of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The effect of reactor temperature, feed concentration of methanol, and residence time on both conversion and product gas composition was investigated and the results are presented. Reaction pathway and potential applications of this technology are discussed. Ethanol and ethylene glycol resulted in less desirable effluent gas, with high concentrations of methane and carbon monoxide. Acetone and diesel fuel both resulted in the reactor becoming plugged. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rice, SF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2003 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1171 EP 1178 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00291-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 703BC UT WOS:000184259300003 ER PT J AU Lupu, R Mehmi, I Atlas, E Tsai, MS Pisha, E Oketch-Rabah, HA Nuntanakorn, P Kennelly, EJ Kronenberg, F AF Lupu, R Mehmi, I Atlas, E Tsai, MS Pisha, E Oketch-Rabah, HA Nuntanakorn, P Kennelly, EJ Kronenberg, F TI Black cohosh, a menopausal remedy, does not have estrogenic activity and does not promote breast cancer cell growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black cohosh; Actaea racemosa; Cimicifuga racemosa; menopausal symptoms; menopause; herbal medicines; phytomedicine; breast cancer; estrogenic activity; hot flashes ID CIMICIFUGA-RACEMOSA; EXTRACTS; SYMPTOMS; PHYTOESTROGENS; PROLIFERATION; WOMEN; RATS AB Black cohosh is an increasingly popular alternative to estrogen replacement therapy for the relief of menopausal symptoms, primarily hot flushes. However, an important consideration for loncy-term therapy is potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, we undertook a study to assess the estrogenic activity of black cohosh to examine its safety for those with. or at high risk of developing, breast cancer. Several assays were utilized as listed: RNAse protection assays, which ascertain the regulation of the expression of E2-responsive genes; estrogen-responsive-element (ERE)-luciferase. which determines modulation of the ER function by transactivation of the ERE; the Ishikawa cell system, which has an E2-regulated endogenous alkaline phosphatase; and colony formation of ER-expressing breast cancer cells, which indicates possible progression of early stage breast cancer into a more aggressive state. Black cohosh extracts did not demonstrate estrogenic activity in any of these assay systems. This is an encouraging step in the assessment of the safety of black cohosh for treatment of menopausal hot flushes. C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Res Inst, Dept Med, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. CUNY, Lehman Coll, Bronx, NY USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Rosenthal Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med, Ctr Complementary & Alternat Med Res Aging & Wome, New York, NY USA. RP Lupu, R (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Res Inst, Dept Med, 1001 Univ Pl, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. FU NCCIH NIH HHS [P50 AT00090] NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1407 EP 1412 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 733DM UT WOS:000185984700021 PM 14532983 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Xu, ZD Huang, YP Ma, DZ Yang, JC Mays, JW AF Huang, Y Xu, ZD Huang, YP Ma, DZ Yang, JC Mays, JW TI Characterization of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) via size exclusion chromatography with online right-angle laser-light scattering and viscometric detectors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE multi-detector SEC; poly(epsilon-caprolactone); Mark-Houwink-Sakurada (MHS) equation; radius of gyration; molecular weight; Flory's characteristic ratio C-infinity ID DIFFERENTIAL VISCOMETER; UNPERTURBED DIMENSIONS; POLYESTERS; CAPROLACTONE; FLEXIBILITY; POLYMERS AB Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) was characterized by size exclusion chromatogrophy on-line with a right-angle laser-light scattering photometer and a four-capillary bridge design differential viscometer (SEC/RI/RALLS/ DV) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25degreesC. The dependence of intrinsic viscosity and radius of gyration of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) on molecular weight was established, and Flory's characteristic ratio C-infinity was calculated for this polymer from these data. The results show that THF is a good solvent fir poly (epsilon-caprolactone). Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) exhibits a random-coil conformation in THF, and SEC with online RALLS and DV detectors offer an easy way to obtain information on chain flexibility. The C-infinity results are in good accord with previously reported values for this polymer. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. E China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-666X J9 INT J POLYM ANAL CH JI Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1080/10236660390237976 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 751VH UT WOS:000187109400002 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC AF Boettger, JC TI Spin-polarized fully relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals calculations for fcc plutonium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences, Biology, and Pharmacology CY FEB 22-MAR 01, 2003 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FL DE antiferromagnetic; density functional theory; ferromagnetic; linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals-fitting function; plutonium ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DELTA-PU; BERYLLIUM; METAL; TRANSFORMATION; MONOLAYERS; SOLIDS; STATE AB The magnetic ordering of plutonium (Pu) in its fcc structure delta-phase is investigated using the fully relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals-fitting function (LCGTO-FF) method, within the generalized-gradient approximation to density functional theory. Three types of collinear spin orderings were considered: ferromagnetic, with spins aligned in the (001) direction; and two antiferromagnetic (001)-layer structures, with spins aligned either perpendicular to each plane (001) or parallel to each plane (100). For each ordering, the total energy and spin moment were calculated with and without spin-orbit coupling included. In both cases, the ground state is predicted to be antiferromagnetic. Adding spin-orbit coupling acts to stabilize the (001) orientation relative to the (100) orientation. At zero pressure, the antiferromagnetic (001) state is bound relative to the nonmagnetic state by roughly 40 mRy per atom. The zero-pressure lattice constant obtained here for the antiferromagnetic (001) state (8.69 bohr) is in substantially better agreement with the measured lattice constant (8.80 bohr) than is the nonmagnetic lattice constant (8.12 bohr). (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jn@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4-5 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1002/qua.10588 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 735YW UT WOS:000186143200004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Krstic, PS Butler, WH AF Zhang, XG Krstic, PS Butler, WH TI Generalized tight-binding approach for molecular electronics modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences, Biology, and Pharmacology CY FEB 22-MAR 01, 2003 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA DE molecular electronics; electron transport; tight-binding Green's function; electronic structure; nanostructure ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DENSITY; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE; WIRES AB We discuss a generalized tight-binding approach for transport calculations in molecular electronics. The parameters of the tight-binding model are directly calculated from ab initio quantum chemistry calculations for a molecular tunneling device. A Green's function approach based on the Caroli formula is used to calculate the transport properties. Our approach is unique in that it readily separates contributions to the total tunneling current from individual Bloch eigenstates (transverse electronic modes or channels) of the electrodes, thus providing a powerful tool in understanding how tunneling is affected by the electronic structure of the electrodes and molecule. The tight-binding model also allows us to show that the placement of the Fermi energy in the electrodes can change the tunneling conductance by orders of magnitude. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4-5 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1002/qua.10675 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 735YW UT WOS:000186143200006 ER PT J AU Lambin, P Mark, GI Meunier, V Biro, LP AF Lambin, P Mark, GI Meunier, V Biro, LP TI Computation of STM images of carbon nanotubes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences, Biology, and Pharmacology CY FEB 22-MAR 01, 2003 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FL DE carbon nanotubes; nanostructures; perturbation theory; scanning tunneling microscopy; wave packet ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAPHITIC CARBON; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TIGHT-BINDING; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; STATES; MICROTUBULES; GENERATION AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is the only probing technique that allows for the investigation of both the topography and the electronic structure of carbon nanosystems at a subnanometer resolution. The interpretation of the STM images of carbon nanostructures involves complications that are normally absent in the study of planar crystalline surfaces. The complications typically appear from a number of quantum effects responsible for distortions in the microscope image of a nano-object. Because of these difficulties, computer simulation plays an extremely important role in the analysis of experimental data. In the current article, we report on two theoretical approaches developed for aiding in the interpretation and understanding of the formation of the STM image of a nanotube: first, the quantum mechanical dynamics of a wave packet, which allows for the modeling of the flow of the tunneling current between a tip and a nanotube supported by a substrate; and, second, a tight-binding perturbation theory that allows for the explicit calculation of realistic STM images and scanning tunneling spectra of carbon nanostructures. An atlas of computed STM images is provided for a series of 27 single-wall nanotubes with diameter around 1.3 nm. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Lab Phys Solide, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. Res Inst Tech Phys & Mat Sci, Budapest, Hungary. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lambin, P (reprint author), Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Lab Phys Solide, 61 Rue Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. EM philippe.lambin@fundp.ac.be RI Biro, Laszlo/A-3057-2010; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Lambin, Philippe/0000-0001-8051-042X; Biro, Laszlo Peter/0000-0001-7261-0420 NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 95 IS 4-5 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1002/qua.10587 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 735YW UT WOS:000186143200016 ER PT J AU Das, S AF Das, S TI Magnesium for automotive applications: Primary production cost assessment SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Production technologies must be cost effective for primary magnesium to become an economically viable alternative material for widespread automotive applications. In this article, the prices at which magnesium becomes competitive with aluminum and steel are examined, including magnesium production cost estimates for current and future scenarios using electrolytic and thermal processes. The economic viability of the industry for automotive applications is also examined in the context of magnesium market price, taking into consideration the dynamics of its supply and demand as well. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,Bldg 3156,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 55 IS 11 BP A22 EP A26 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 742VV UT WOS:000186539500003 ER PT J AU Chen, XY Zhuang, HZ Liu, GK Li, S Niedbala, RS AF Chen, XY Zhuang, HZ Liu, GK Li, S Niedbala, RS TI Confinement on energy transfer between luminescent centers in nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISORDERED-SYSTEMS AB The luminescence dynamics of optical centers in nanocrystals depends critically on the phonon density of states (PDOS), which is quite distinct from that of bulk materials. It is shown that energy transfer (ET) in nanocrystals is confined by discrete PDOS as well as direct size restriction. Temperature-, concentration-, and size-dependence of the fluorescence decay from the (4)S(3/2) state of Er(3+) in Y(2)O(2)S nanocrystals have been investigated using laser spectroscopic experiments and computational simulations. A set of microscopic rate equations that govern the evolution of the excitation probability P(i)(t) are solved iteratively using a Monte Carlo method. The simulations of ET based on a theoretical model with five parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that phonon-assisted ET processes in Er(3+):Y(2)O(2)S nanocrystals contribute partly to the fluorescence decay at 295 K, and is negligible at 5 K. For applications, the nanoconfinement effects on ET may significantly reduce the efficiency of sensitized or upconversion luminescence due to the lack of low-frequency phonon modes and restricted excitation migration in nanophosphors. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OraSure Technol Inc, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gkliu@anl.gov RI Chen, Xueyuan/C-5613-2012 OI Chen, Xueyuan/0000-0003-0493-839X NR 27 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5559 EP 5565 DI 10.1063/1.1614865 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600014 ER PT J AU Keyes, BM Dippo, P Metzger, WK AbuShama, J Noufi, R AF Keyes, BM Dippo, P Metzger, WK AbuShama, J Noufi, R TI Changes in the dominant recombination mechanisms of polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 occurring during growth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; EFFICIENCY; EDGE AB The changes in dominant recombination mechanisms of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films grown from (In,Ga)(2)Se-3 precursors are investigated using energy- and time-resolved photoluminescence. The results are analyzed with a rate-equation analysis and correlated with n/p diode measurements on processed devices. The experimental results quantify a change in the dominant radiative process and an improvement in the underlying material quality. These observations support a growth model incorporating changes in the dominant defect states and recombination mechanisms during this final stage of the growth process. Additionally, evidence is presented that supports the passivation of near-surface recombination sites by CdS. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Keyes, BM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5584 EP 5591 DI 10.1063/1.1613804 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600017 ER PT J AU Reshchikov, MA Huang, D Yun, F Visconti, P He, L Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Molnar, RJ Park, SS Lee, KY AF Reshchikov, MA Huang, D Yun, F Visconti, P He, L Morkoc, H Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Molnar, RJ Park, SS Lee, KY TI Unusual luminescence lines in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MG-DOPED GAN; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-TRANSITIONS; WURTZITE GAN; CUBIC GAN; PHASE EPITAXY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AB A series of sharp intense peaks was observed in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of unintentionally doped GaN in the photon energy range between 3.0 and 3.46 eV. We attributed the majority of these peaks to excitons bound to unidentified structural and surface defects. Most of the structural- and surface-related peaks (at 3.21, 3.32, 3.34, 3.35, 3.38, and 3.42 eV) were observed in Ga polar films. In N polar GaN, we often observed the 3.45 eV peak attributed to excitons bound to the inversion domain interfaces. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. CNR, Inst Studio Nuovi Mat Elettron, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Reshchikov, MA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM mreshchi@saturn.vcu.edu RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; VISCONTI, PAOLO/L-7214-2015 OI VISCONTI, PAOLO/0000-0002-4058-4042 NR 78 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5623 EP 5632 DI 10.1063/1.1609632 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600024 ER PT J AU Wampler, WR Myers, SM AF Wampler, WR Myers, SM TI Hydrogen release from magnesium-doped GaN with clean ordered surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; DESORPTION; GAN(0001); DEPENDENCE; ACTIVATION; DIFFUSION; HREELS; OXYGEN AB We examine physical processes controlling thermal release of hydrogen (H) from magnesium-doped gallium nitride, GaN(Mg). H release from GaN(Mg) was measured under ultra-high-vacuum conditions with surface cleaning and characterization to give clean well-ordered (0001) hexagonal (1x1) surfaces. Second-order release kinetics were observed, indicating recombinative desorption of H-2 is a rate determining process. Observed H release is compared with diffusion-reaction theory, which incorporates current information about H in GaN from theory and previous experiments. Based on previous studies of thermal desorption of H from GaN surfaces, the release model includes recombinative desorption from neutral H states at the surface. We conclude that the formation energy (at T=0) of this surface H state is close to that of a H-2 molecule in vacuum, and that the formation energy of MgH is about 1.1 eV/atom below that of H in the surface state. This implies the surface H coverage must be very low during thermal release of H from GaN(Mg). This, together with a high activation barrier for desorption from the surface, accounts for the high temperatures required to remove H from GaN(Mg) and activate p-type conductivity. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wampler, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5682 EP 5687 DI 10.1063/1.1616986 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600034 ER PT J AU Lian, J Rios, S Boatner, LA Wang, LM Ewing, RC AF Lian, J Rios, S Boatner, LA Wang, LM Ewing, RC TI Microstructural evolution and nanocrystal formation in Pb+-implanted ZrSiO4 single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; CERAMIC MATERIALS; ION IRRADIATION; METAMICT STATE; DOPED ZIRCON; EVENT DAMAGE; WAVE-GUIDES; MONAZITE AB Single crystals of ZrSiO4 (zircon) with a (110) orientation were implanted with 300 keV Pb+ at room temperature to fluences ranging from 10(14) to 10(17) ions/cm(2). The damage accumulation and microstructural evolution were analyzed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and glancing-angle x-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental damage profiles as observed by TEM and XRD methods were compared to Monte Carlo simulations using the SRIM-2000 code. At the lowest ion fluence (10(14) ions/cm(2)), a buried amorphous layer formed in the zircon matrix. The surface layer is highly damaged and consists of zircon nanocrystals. The critical amorphization dose for zircon implanted with 300 keV Pb+ was in the range of 0.25-0.43 displacements per atom. With increasing ion fluence, the thickness of the amorphous layer increased. When the Pb concentration in the substrate exceeded similar to3.5 at. % (i.e., at 10(17) ions/cm(2)), Pb nanoparticles precipitated at room temperature and formed a layer similar to90 nm thick embedded within the amorphous zircon matrix. Effects of the displacement energies employed in the SRIM-2000 simulation on the damage profiles and the critical amorphization dose were also analyzed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lian, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 5695 EP 5703 DI 10.1063/1.1618917 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600036 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Eastman, DE Lai, B Cai, Z McNulty, I Frigo, S Noyan, IC Hu, CK AF Xu, GY Eastman, DE Lai, B Cai, Z McNulty, I Frigo, S Noyan, IC Hu, CK TI Nanometer precision metrology of submicron Cu/SiO2 interconnects using fluorescence and transmission x-ray microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COPPER INTERCONNECTIONS; CU INTERCONNECTS; GRAIN-GROWTH; ELECTROMIGRATION; MICRODIFFRACTION; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; LINES AB We used hard x-ray fluorescence and soft x-ray transmission microscopy to quantitatively measure "in situ" Cu/SiO2 interconnect dimensions down to 0.3 mum dimensions. We describe methods and analysis techniques for measuring submicron linewidths, lengths, and thicknesses with accuracies of 30-60 nm precision. The dimensions and shape of submicron Cu vias, W lines, and a 20 nm Ta liner and an electromigration defect (void) were determined by these methods. These nondestructive techniques promise to be useful for nanometer precision metrology studies of a variety of materials systems. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10589 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 6040 EP 6049 DI 10.1063/1.1614430 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600089 ER PT J AU Espinosa, HD Peng, B Prorok, BC Moldovan, N Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Gruen, DM Mancini, DC AF Espinosa, HD Peng, B Prorok, BC Moldovan, N Auciello, O Carlisle, JA Gruen, DM Mancini, DC TI Fracture strength of ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films - identification of Weibull parameters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The fracture strength of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been investigated using tensile testing of freestanding submicron films. Specifically, the fracture strength of UNCD membranes, grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD), was measured using the membrane deflection experiment developed by Espinosa and co-workers. The data show that fracture strength follows a Weibull distribution. Furthermore, we show that the Weibull parameters are highly dependent on the seeding process used in the growth of the films. When seeding was performed with microsized diamond particles, using mechanical polishing, the stress resulting in a probability of failure of 63% was found to be 1.74 GPa, and the Weibull modulus was 5.74. By contrast, when seeding was performed with nanosized diamond particles, using ultrasonic agitation, the stress resulting in a probability of failure of 63%, increased to 4.13 GPa, and the Weibull modulus was 10.76. The tests also provided the elastic modulus of UNCD, which was found to vary from 940 to 970 GPa for both micro- and nanoseeding. The investigation highlights the role of microfabrication defects on material properties and reliability, as a function of seeding technique, when identical MPCVD chemistry is employed. The parameters identified in this study are expected to aid the designer of microelectromechanical systems devices employing UNCD films. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Espinosa, HD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009; Prorok, Barton/A-7404-2010 NR 30 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 6076 EP 6084 DI 10.1063/1.1613372 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600094 ER PT J AU Fan, W Kabius, B Hiller, JM Saha, S Carlisle, JA Auciello, O Chang, RPH Ramesh, R AF Fan, W Kabius, B Hiller, JM Saha, S Carlisle, JA Auciello, O Chang, RPH Ramesh, R TI Materials science and integration bases for fabrication of (BaxSr1-x)TiO3 thin film capacitors with layered Cu-based electrodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY; FERROELECTRIC CAPACITORS; DIFFUSION-BARRIERS; FAILURE-MECHANISM; COPPER; OXYGEN; DEPOSITION; TANTALUM; OXIDATION; AMBIENT AB The synthesis and fundamental material properties of layered TiAl/Cu/Ta electrodes were investigated to achieve the integration of Cu electrodes with high-dielectric constant (kappa) oxide thin films for application to the fabrication of high-frequency devices. The Ta layer is an excellent diffusion barrier to inhibit deleterious Cu diffusion into the Si substrate, while the TiAl layer provides an excellent barrier against oxygen diffusion into the Cu layer to inhibit Cu oxidation during the growth of the high-kappa layer in an oxygen atmosphere. Polycrystalline (BaxSr1-x)TiO3 (BST) thin films were grown on the Cu-based bottom electrode by rf magnetron sputtering at temperatures in the range 400-600 degreesC in oxygen, to investigate the performance of BST/Cu-based capacitors. Characterization of the Cu-based layered structure using surface analytical methods showed that two amorphous oxide layers were formed on both sides of the TiAl barrier, such that the oxide layer on the free surface of the TiAl layer correlates with TiAlOx, while the oxide layer at the TiAl/Cu interface is an Al2O3-rich layer. This double amorphous barrier layer structure effectively prevents oxygen penetration towards the underlying Cu and Ta layers. The TiAlOx interfacial layer, which has a relatively low dielectric constant compared with BST, reduced the total capacitance of the BST thin film capacitors. In addition, the layered electrode-oxide interface roughening observed during the growth of BST films at high temperature, due to copper grain growth, resulted in large dielectric loss on the fabricated BST capacitors. These problems were solved by growing the BST layer at 450 degreesC followed by a rapid thermal annealing at 700 degreesC. This process significantly reduced the thickness of the TiAlOx layer and interface roughness resulting in BST capacitors exhibiting properties suitable for the fabrication of high-performance high-frequency devices. In summary, relatively high dielectric constant (280), low dielectric loss (0.007), and low leakage current (<2x10(-8) A/cm(2) at 100 kV/cm) were achieved for BST thin film capacitors with Cu-based electrodes. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fan, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009; Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 6192 EP 6200 DI 10.1063/1.1616984 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600110 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE AF Barlow, SE TI Alternative electrostatic Green's function for a long tube SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This note describes an expression for the electrostatic Green's function in a long conducting tube. The expression allows one to readily compute the potentials and fields at and in the vicinity of the singularity where other methods have difficulty. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 9 BP 6221 EP 6222 DI 10.1063/1.1616633 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 735WY UT WOS:000186138600116 ER PT J AU Chain, P Lamerdin, J Larimer, F Regala, W Lao, V Land, M Hauser, L Hooper, A Klotz, M Norton, J Sayavedra-Soto, L Arciero, D Hommes, N Whittaker, M Arp, D AF Chain, P Lamerdin, J Larimer, F Regala, W Lao, V Land, M Hauser, L Hooper, A Klotz, M Norton, J Sayavedra-Soto, L Arciero, D Hommes, N Whittaker, M Arp, D TI Complete genome sequence of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium and obligate chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea (vol 185, pg 2759, 2003) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Chain, P (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Norton, Jeanette/G-2633-2011 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Norton, Jeanette/0000-0002-6596-8691 NR 1 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 185 IS 21 BP 6496 EP 6496 DI 10.1128/JB.185.21.2003.6496 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 734CL UT WOS:000186037600037 ER PT J AU House, JI Archer, S Breshears, DD Scholes, RJ AF House, JI Archer, S Breshears, DD Scholes, RJ TI Conundrums in mixed woody-herbaceous plant systems SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE coexistence; competition; facilitation; modelling; primary production; savanna; shrubland; grassland; rangeland; tree-grass ratios ID TREE-GRASS INTERACTIONS; TROPICAL SAVANNA; GENERAL-MODEL; GLOBAL CHANGE; GRASSLAND/FOREST CONTINUUM; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SUBTROPICAL SAVANNA; SEMIARID LANDSCAPES; SIMULATION-MODEL; AFRICAN SAVANNA AB Aims To identify approaches to improve our understanding of, and predictive capability for, mixed tree-grass systems. Elucidation of the interactions, dynamics and determinants, and identification of robust generalizations that can be broadly applied to tree-grass systems would benefit ecological theory, modelling and land management. Methods A series of workshops brought together scientific expertise to review theory, data availability, modelling approaches and key questions. Location Ecosystems characterized by mixtures of herbaceous and woody plant life-forms, often termed 'savannas', range from open grasslands with few woody plants, to woodlands or forests with a grass layer. These ecosystems represent a substantial portion of the terrestrial biosphere, an important wildlife habitat, and a major resource for provision of livestock, fuel wood and other products. Results Although many concepts and principles developed for grassland and forest systems are relevant to these dual life-form communities, the novel, complex, nonlinear behaviour of mixed tree-grass systems cannot be accounted for by simply studying or modelling woody and herbaceous components independently. A more robust understanding requires addressing three fundamental conundrums: (1) The 'treeness' conundrum. What controls the relative abundance of woody and herbaceous plants for a given set of conditions at given site? (2) The coexistence conundrum. How do the life-forms interact with each other? Is a given woody-herbaceous ratio dynamically stable and persistent under a particular set of conditions? (3) The net primary productivity (NPP) conundrum. How does NPP of the woody vegetation, the herbaceous vegetation, and the total ecosystem (woody + herbaceous) change with changes in the tree-grass ratio? Tests of the theory and conceptual models of determinants of mixed woody-herbaceous systems have been largely site- or region-specific and have seldom been broadly or quantitatively evaluated. Cross-site syntheses based on data and modelling are required to address the conundrums and identify emerging patterns, yet, there are very few data sets for which either biomass or NPP have been quantified for both the woody and the herbaceous components of tree-grass systems. Furthermore, there are few cross-site comparisons spanning the diverse array of woody-herbaceous mixtures. Hence, initial synthesis studies should focus on compiling and standardizing a global data base which could be (1) explored to ascertain if robust generalizations and consistent patterns exist; and (2) used to evaluate the performance of savanna simulation models over a range of woody-herbaceous mixtures. Savanna structure and productivity are the result of complex and dynamic interactions between climate, soils and disturbances, notably fire and herbivory. Such factors are difficult to isolate or experimentally manipulate in order to evaluate their impacts at spatial and temporal scales appropriate for assessing ecosystem dynamics. These factors can, however, be evaluated with simulation models. Existing savanna models vary markedly with respect to their conceptual approach, their data requirements and the extent to which they incorporate mechanistic processes. Model intercomparisons can elucidate those approaches most suitable for various research questions and management applications. Conclusion Theoretical and conceptual advances could be achieved by considering a broad continuum of grass-shrub-tree combinations using data meta-analysis techniques and modelling. C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Arizona, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CSIR Forest Sci & Technol, Div Water Environm & Forest Technol, Ecosyst Management Serv Program, Pretoria, South Africa. RP House, JI (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Winzerlaer Str 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; House, Joanna/B-6477-2016; OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; House, Joanna/0000-0003-4576-3960; Dodd, Michael/0000-0002-4159-4525; Scholes, Robert/0000-0001-5537-6935; Hanan, Niall/0000-0002-9130-5306 NR 145 TC 189 Z9 194 U1 10 U2 72 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1763 EP 1777 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00873.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 736KG UT WOS:000186169500010 ER PT J AU Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO TI On the fracture of human dentin: Is it stress- or strain-controlled? SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE dentin; fracture; double-notched bend test; fractography; microstructure ID TRABECULAR BONE; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; HARDENING MATERIAL; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; CRACK INITIATION; LIFE PREDICTION; HUMAN-ENAMEL; TOUGHNESS; STEEL; MODULUS AB Despite substantial clinical interest in the fracture resistance of human dentin, there is little mechanistic information in archival literature that can be usefully used to model such fracture. In fact, although the fracture event in dentin, akin to other mineralized tissues like bone, is widely believed to be locally strain-controlled, there has never been any scientific proof to support this belief. The present study seeks to address this issue through the use of a novel set of in vitro experiments in Hanks' balanced salt solution involving a double-notched bend test geometry, which is designed to discern whether the critical failure events involved in the onset of fracture are locally stress- or strain-controlled. Such experiments are further used to characterize the notion of "plasticity" in dentin and the interaction of cracks with the salient microstructural features. It is observed that fracture in dentin is indeed locally strain-controlled and that the presence of dentinal tubules does not substantially affect this process of crack initiation and growth. The results presented are believed to be critical steps in the development of a micromechanical model for the fracture of human dentin that takes into consideration the influence of both the microstructure and the local failure mode. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 63 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1549-3296 EI 1552-4965 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 67A IS 2 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10079 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 740ZB UT WOS:000186432200013 PM 14566789 ER PT J AU Matthews, MA Becnel, JM AF Matthews, MA Becnel, JM TI Diffusion coefficients of methyl orange in dense carbon dioxide with the micelle-forming surfactant Dehypon Ls-54 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; REVERSE MICELLES; MICROEMULSIONS; WATER; BEHAVIOR; SOLUBILIZATION; AGGREGATION; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION; PHASE AB The diffusion coefficient of methyl orange in dense carbon dioxide (CO2) has been measured from (87.6 to 226) bar and from (20 to 40) degreesC. A hydrodynamic model and the hard sphere diffusivity model have been fit to the measured data. The effect of the micelle-forming, nonionic, nonfluorous surfactant Dehypon Ls-54 was also investigated. Effective diffusivity of methyl orange in the CO2 + Ls-54 + H2O system was measured at 35 degreesC and 220 bar at Ls-54 concentrations up to 0.165 M. A simple volumetric-based model based on the binary diffusivity data fits the effective diffusivity well, given realistic property estimates. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Matthews, MA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1417 DI 10.1021/je020211e PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 743NK UT WOS:000186579200009 ER PT J AU Tretiak, S Chernyak, V AF Tretiak, S Chernyak, V TI Resonant nonlinear polarizabilities in the time-dependent density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-OVERLAP TECHNIQUE; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; HARTREE-FOCK EQUATIONS; RESPONSE THEORY; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EXCITED-STATES; NONEMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS; OPTICAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; NONADIABATIC COUPLINGS AB The response of the density matrix to an external field is calculated in the adiabatic time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) theory by mapping the equation of motion for the driven single-electron density matrix into the dynamics of coupled harmonic oscillators. The resulting nonlinear response functions and the closed expressions for nonlinear frequency-dependent polarizabilities are derived. These expressions include transition densities and frequencies calculated in the linear response TDDFT, and higher order functional derivatives of the exchange-correlation functional. Limitations of the applicability of the traditional sum over states approach for computing the nonlinear response to the TDDFT are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238 NR 84 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 17 BP 8809 EP 8823 DI 10.1063/1.1614240 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FH UT WOS:000185988900006 ER PT J AU Keutsch, FN Braly, LB Brown, MG Harker, HA Petersen, PB Leforestier, C Saykally, RJ AF Keutsch, FN Braly, LB Brown, MG Harker, HA Petersen, PB Leforestier, C Saykally, RJ TI Water dimer hydrogen bond stretch, donor torsion overtone, and "in-plane bend" vibrations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ LASER SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; INTERMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; ONE MOLECULE; CLUSTERS; ENERGY; PAIR AB We report the measurement and analysis of 64 new K-a=0<--0,1 and K-a=1<--0,1 transitions of (H2O)(2) and 16 new K-a=0<--0 transitions of (D2O)(2) by terahertz laser vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy of a planar supersonic expansion between 140.5 and 145.5 cm(-1). The transitions in both isotopomers correspond to A(') vibrations assigned to the hydrogen bond stretch (translational) and donor torsion overtone vibrations. The interchange splitting is 56.3 GHz in K-a=0 of the excited state of (H2O)(2), nearly 3 times the value of the ground state, and the bifurcation tunneling splitting is 1.8 GHz, over 2 times the value of the ground state. We compare the existing experimental spectra with calculations on state-of-the-art intermolecular potential energy surfaces and critically review the vibrational assignments reported in the literature. We show that the discrepancy between theory and experiment regarding the assignment of the feature near 103 cm(-1) can be resolved by considering E-2-->E-1 transitions, which had not been considered previously. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Intel Corp, Technol & Mfg Grp, Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Struct & Dynam Syst Mol & Solides, UMR 5636, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. RP Saykally, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 17 BP 8927 EP 8937 DI 10.1063/1.1614774 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FH UT WOS:000185988900020 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Ilton, ES AF Rosso, KM Ilton, ES TI Charge transport in micas: The kinetics of Fe-II/III electron transfer in the octahedral sheet SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION-REDUCTION MECHANISM; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; TRIOCTAHEDRAL MICAS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; DIOCTAHEDRAL SMECTITES; POLARON MOTION; IRON-OXIDES; ANNITE AB The two principal Fe-II/III electron exchange reactions underlying charge transport in the octahedral sheet of ideal end-member annite were modeled using a combination of ab initio calculations and Marcus electron transfer theory. A small polaron model was applied which yielded electron hopping activation energies that agree well with the limited available experimental data. A small ab initio cluster model successfully reproduced several important structural, energetic, and magnetic characteristics of the M1 and M2 Fe sites in the annite octahedral sheet. The cluster enabled calculation of the internal reorganization energy and electronic coupling matrix elements for the M2-M2 and M1-M2 electron transfer reactions. The M2-M2 electron transfer is symmetric with a predicted forward/reverse electron hopping rate of 10(6) s(-1). The M1-M2 electron transfers are asymmetric due to the higher ionization potential by 0.46 eV of Fe-II in the M1 site. The electronic coupling matrix elements for these reactions are predicted to be small and of similar magnitude, suggesting the possibility that the coupling is essentially direction independent amongst hopping directions in the octahedral sheet. M1 Fe sites are predicted to be efficient electron traps and charge transport should occur by nearest-neighbor electron hops along the M2 Fe sublattice. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov NR 59 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 17 BP 9207 EP 9218 DI 10.1063/1.1612912 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FH UT WOS:000185988900045 ER PT J AU Budzien, J McCoy, JD Adolf, DB AF Budzien, J McCoy, JD Adolf, DB TI Solute mobility and packing fraction: A new look at the Doolittle equation for the polymer glass transition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FREE-VOLUME; LIQUIDS; MODEL; RELAXATION; SPHERES; MELTS AB Molecular dynamics simulations of the diffusion of penetrants in bead-spring polymers were performed along both constant volume and constant pressure paths at several temperatures. By using an effective hard sphere diameter, the packing fractions of these systems were calculated. It was found that all the data for a given polymer type collapsed to a single curve that can be well described using a modification of the Doolittle equation. Data on polymer simulations from the literature was analyzed in this manner and showed similar results. In this work we demonstrate that the packing fraction analysis that is used to describe hard sphere and colloidal systems can also be extended to polymeric systems. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM mccoy@mailhost.nmt.edu RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010; Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404; NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 17 BP 9269 EP 9273 DI 10.1063/1.1615231 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FH UT WOS:000185988900052 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Alam, MK AF Alam, TM Alam, MK TI Effect of non-exponential and multi-exponential decay behavior on the performance of the direct exponential curve resolution algorithm (DECRA) in NMR investigations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE direct exponential curve resolution algorithm (DECRA); generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM); exponential, non-exponential; multi-exponential; NMR; pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ANNIHILATION FACTOR-ANALYSIS; CORRELATED SPECTRAL DATA; SPIN-ECHO NMR; DIFFUSION EXPERIMENTS; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; PGSE NMR; DATA SET; SPECTROSCOPY; EXAMPLES AB The effect of non-exponential and multi-exponential decay or relaxation behavior on the performance of the direct exponential curve resolution algorithm (DECRA) is investigated through a series of numerical simulations. Three different combinations of decay or relaxation behavior were investigated through DECRA analysis of simulated pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR diffusion spectra that contained the combination of two individual components. The diffusion decay behavior of one component was described by a single-exponential decay, while the second component was described by either (1) a multi-exponential decay, (2) a decay behavior described by the empirical Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relation or (3) a multi-exponential decay behavior correlated with variations in the NMR spectral line shape. The magnitudes and types of errors produced during the DECRA analysis of spectral data with deviations from a pure single-exponential decay behavior are presented. It is demonstrated that the deviation from single-exponential decay impacts the resulting calculated line shapes, the calculated relative concentrations and the quantitative estimation of the decay or relaxation time constants of both components present in the NMR spectra. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Detect, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0886-9383 J9 J CHEMOMETR JI J. Chemometr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 17 IS 11 BP 583 EP 593 DI 10.1002/cem.826 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 773TW UT WOS:000188940000002 ER PT J AU Rotstayn, LD Liu, YG AF Rotstayn, LD Liu, YG TI Sensitivity of the first indirect aerosol effect to an increase of cloud droplet spectral dispersion with droplet number concentration SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; EFFECTIVE-RADIUS; CLIMATE MODEL; WATER CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; SOLAR-RADIATION; SULFATE AEROSOL; BOUNDARY-LAYER AB Observations show that an increase in anthropogenic aerosols leads to concurrent increases in the cloud droplet concentration and the relative dispersion of the cloud droplet spectrum, other factors being equal. It has been suggested that the increase in effective radius resulting from increased relative dispersion may substantially negate the indirect aerosol effect, but this is usually not parameterized in global climate models (GCMs). Empirical parameterizations, designed to represent the average of this effect, as well as its lower and upper bounds, are tested in the CSIRO GCM. Compared to a control simulation, in which the relative dispersion of the cloud droplet spectrum is prescribed separately over land and ocean, inclusion of this effect reduces the magnitude of the first indirect aerosol effect by between 12% and 35%. C1 CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rotstayn, LD (reprint author), CSIRO Atmospher Res, PMB1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012 OI Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223 NR 59 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 16 IS 21 BP 3476 EP 3481 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3476:SOTFIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734WW UT WOS:000186081800006 ER PT J AU Lagasse, RR Richards, DW AF Lagasse, RR Richards, DW TI Determining the size distribution of core-shell spheres and other complex particles by laser diffraction SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diffraction; powder; particle; distribution ID COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; SCATTERING AB The goal of this work is to determine the size distribution of hollow glass spheres by laser diffraction, an experiment which involves measuring angle-dependent scattering of light from particles dispersed in a liquid. The proprietary software supplied with commercial instruments is not strictly applicable to our two-layer, glass-shell, hollow-core spheres because it requires that the particles have spatially homogeneous properties. We therefore developed Fortran code to compute the scattering from core-shell spherical particles. The results show that the scattering from representative hollow glass particles diverges from homogeneous sphere scattering when the radius decreases from 10 to 3 mum. Additionally. scattering measurements on two core-shell hollow glass powders were analyzed using the exact core-shell optical model and homogeneous sphere approximations. In both cases, the size distribution determined using the exact core-shell model differs from that determined using the homogeneous-sphere approximation when the distribution covers radii smaller than about 10 mum, as expected. The size distribution based on the exact core-shell optical model was determined using a new algorithm. Although the basic equations used in the algorithm have been published previously, they are developed here in a different form, which can be implemented using Fortran and MatLab routines available commercially and in the public domain. This algorithm could be used to determine the size distribution of other kinds of particles. such as cylindrical rods, as long as their angle-dependent scattering could be computed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lagasse, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 267 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00669-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 733GP UT WOS:000185991800009 PM 14554168 ER PT J AU Henshaw, WD Schwendeman, DW AF Henshaw, WD Schwendeman, DW TI An adaptive numerical scheme for high-speed reactive flow on overlapping grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; DETONATIONS; MECHANISMS; INITIATION; MESHES; WAVES AB We. describe a method for the numerical solution of high-speed reactive flow in complex geometries using overlapping grids and block-structured adaptive mesh refinement. We consider flows described by the reactive Euler equations with an ideal equation of state and various stiff reaction models. These equations are solved using a second-order accurate Godunov method for the convective fluxes and a Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme for the source term modeling the chemical reactions. We describe an extension of the adaptive mesh refinement approach to curvilinear overlapping grids. Numerical results are presented showing the evolution to detonation in a quarter-plane provoked by a temperature gradient and the propagation of an overdriven detonation in an expanding channel. The first problem, which considers a one-step Arrhenius reaction model, is used primarily to validate the numerical method, while the second problem, which considers a three-step chain-branching reaction model, is used to illustrate mechanisms of detonation failure and rebirth for the channel geometry. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Henshaw, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM henshaw@llnl.gov; schwed@rpi.edu NR 37 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 191 IS 2 BP 420 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00323-1 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 745BL UT WOS:000186667400004 ER PT J AU Sutherland, JC Kennedy, CA AF Sutherland, JC Kennedy, CA TI Improved boundary conditions for viscous, reacting, compressible flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reacting flows; boundary conditions; Navier-Stokes; characteristic; flame-boundary interaction ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; INCOMPLETELY PARABOLIC-SYSTEMS; LINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; PERTURBATIONS; SIMULATIONS; DIFFERENCE; SCHEMES AB Previous studies on physical boundary conditions for flame-boundary interactions of an ideal, multicomponent, compressible gas have neglected reactive source terms in their boundary condition treatments. By combining analyses of incompletely parabolic systems with those based on the hyperbolic Euler equations, a rational set of boundary conditions is determined to address this shortcoming. Accompanying these conditions is a procedure for implementation into a multidimensional code. In the limits of zero reaction rate or one species, the boundary conditions reduce in a predictable way to cases found in the literature. Application is made to premixed and nonpremixed flames in one and two dimensions to establish efficacy. Inclusion of source terms in boundary conditions derived from characteristic analysis is essential to avoid unphysical generation of pressure and velocity gradients as well as flow reversals. Minor deficiencies in the boundary conditions are attributed primarily to the diffusive terms. Imposing vanishing diffusive boundary-normal flux gradients works better than imposing vanishing fluxes but neither is entirely satisfactory. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sutherland, JC (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. OI Sutherland, James/0000-0002-2955-3472 NR 37 TC 91 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 191 IS 2 BP 502 EP 524 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00328-0 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 745BL UT WOS:000186667400007 ER PT J AU Kamolpornwijit, W Liang, L West, OR Moline, GR Sullivan, AB AF Kamolpornwijit, W Liang, L West, OR Moline, GR Sullivan, AB TI Preferential flow path development and its influence on long-term PRB performance: column study SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE permeable reactive barrier; zero-valent iron; mineral precipitation; heterogeneity development; long-term performance; preferential flow ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; GRANULAR IRON; REMEDIATION; CORROSION; DENITRIFICATION AB The operating life of an Fe-0-based permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is limited due to chemical reactions of Fe-0 in groundwater. The relative contributions from mineral precipitation, gas production, and microbial activity to the degradation of PRB performance have been uncertain. In this controlled field study, nitrate-rich, site groundwater was treated by Fe-0 in large-volume, flow-through columns to monitor the changes in chemical and hydraulic parameters over time. Tracer tests showed a close relationship between hydraulic residence time and pH measurements. The ionic profiles suggest that mineral precipitation and accumulation is the primary mechanism for pore clogging around the inlet of the column. Accumulated N-2 gas generated by biotic processes also affected the hydraulics although the effects were secondary to that of mineral precipitation. Quantitative estimates indicate a porosity reduction of up to 45.3% near the column inlet over 72 days of operation under accelerated flow conditions. According to this study, preferential flow through a PRB at a site with similar groundwater chemistry should be detected over similar to 1 year of operation. During the early operation of a PRB, pH is a key indicator for monitoring the change in hydraulic residence time resulting from heterogeneity development. If the surrounding native material is more conductive than the clogged Fe-media, groundwater bypass may render the PRB ineffective for treating contaminated groundwater. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, ENGIN4, Cardiff CF24 07F, S Glam, Wales. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Liang, L (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Sch Engn, ENGIN4, POB 925,Queens Bldg,Parade,Newport Rd, Cardiff CF24 07F, S Glam, Wales. RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 32 TC 83 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 161 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00031-7 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 739ZN UT WOS:000186376600002 PM 14568397 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH AF Hsueh, CH TI Stress distribution and curvature in graded semiconductor layers SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE modeling; stresses; graded layers; semiconducting gallium arsenide ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; THIN-FILMS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; COATINGS; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS; STRAIN AB The elastic stress distribution resulting from both lattice mismatch and thermal mismatch in a film/graded layer/substrate system is considered. Both numerical and analytical models have been developed previously to analyze this problem. An alternative analytical model is developed in the present study to derive the exact closed-form solution. Specific results are calculated for the GaAs/graded GaAs-Si/Si systems. The present results agree With existing numerical and analytical results. The difference between the present analytical model and existing analytical models. is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2003 VL 258 IS 3-4 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01563-X PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 733AW UT WOS:000185978600011 ER PT J AU Roy, UN Cui, Y Guo, M Groza, M Burger, A Wagner, GJ Carrig, TJ Payne, SA AF Roy, UN Cui, Y Guo, M Groza, M Burger, A Wagner, GJ Carrig, TJ Payne, SA TI Growth and characterization of Er-doped KPb2Cl5 as laser host crystal SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE laser hosts; Er3+; KPb2Cl5; mid-IR laser ID VISIBLE UP-CONVERSION; LEAD CHLORIDE; MU-M; LUMINESCENCE AB Single crystals of KPb2Cl5 were grown by vertical Bridgman technique from purified and synthesized material doped with Erbium up to a concentration of 5 mol% ErCl3. The purification was performed by zone refining at a rate of 3 cm/hr for 30 passes, with a final refining at a rate of 1 mm/hr. Segregation coefficient of Er3+ ions was found to be similar to0.5 for KPb2Cl5. The transmission through a 12-mm thick crystal was found to be similar to80%, the mid-infrared and visible upconversion luminescence spectra are reported. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Device, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Coherent Technol Inc, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roy, UN (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Ctr Photon Mat & Device, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RI Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 2003 VL 258 IS 3-4 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01541-0 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 733AW UT WOS:000185978600014 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Watson, DB Roh, Y Gu, B AF Phillips, DH Watson, DB Roh, Y Gu, B TI Mineralogical characteristics and transformations during long-term operation of a zerovalent iron reactive barrier SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; GREEN RUST; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; REMEDIATION; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; PRECIPITATION; HYDROXIDE; MECHANISM AB Design and operation of Fe-0 permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) can be improved by understanding the long-term mineralogical transformations that occur within PRBs. Changes in mineral precipitates, cementation, and corrosion of Fe-0 filings within an in situ pilot-scale PRB were examined after the first 30 months of operation and compared with results of a previous study of the PRB conducted 15 months earlier using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy employing energy dispersive X-ray and backscatter electron analyses. Iron (oxy)hydroxides, aragonite, and maghemite and/or magnetite occurred throughout the cores collected 30 mo after installation. Goethite, lepidocrocite, mackinawite, aragonite, calcite, and siderite were associated with oxidized and cemented areas, while green rusts were detected in more reduced zones. Basic differences from our last detailed investigation include (i) mackinawite crystallized from amorphous FeS, (ii) aragonite transformed into calcite, (iii) akaganeite transformed to goethite and lepidocrocite, (iv) iron (oxy)hydroxides and calcium and iron carbonate minerals increased, (v) cementation was greater in the more recent study, and (vi) oxidation, corrosion, and disintegration of Fe-0 filings were greater, especially in cemented areas, in the more recent study. If the degree of corrosion and cementation that was observed from 15 to 30 mo after installation continues, certain portions of the PRB (i.e., up-gradient entrance of the ground water to the Fe-0 section of the PRB) may last less than five more years, thus reducing the effectiveness of the PRB to mitigate contaminants. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phillips, DH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 35 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2033 EP 2045 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700010 PM 14674525 ER PT J AU Johansen, MP Hakonson, TE Whicker, FW Breshears, DD AF Johansen, MP Hakonson, TE Whicker, FW Breshears, DD TI Pulsed redistribution of a contaminant following forest fire: Cesium-137 in runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PONDEROSA PINE HILLSLOPE; SPATIAL VARIATION; NEW-MEXICO; CS-137; SOIL; SEDIMENT; WILDFIRE; EROSION; RESTORATION; WATERSHEDS AB Of the natural processes that concentrate dispersed environmental contaminants, landscape fire stands out as having potential to rapidly concentrate contaminants and accelerate their redistribution. This study used rainfall simulation methods to quantify changes in concentration of a widely dispersed environmental contaminant (global fallout Cs-137) in soils and surface water runoff following a major forest fire at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. The Cs-137 concentrations at the ground surface increased up to 40 times higher in ash deposits and three times higher for the topmost 50 mm of soil compared with pre-fire soils. Average redistribution rates were about one order of magnitude greater for burned plots, 5.96 KBq ha(-1) mm(-1) rainfall, compared with unburned plots, 0.55 KBq ha(-1) mm(-1) rainfall. The greatest surface water transport of Cs-137, 11.6 KBq ha(-1) mm(-1), occurred at the plot with the greatest amount of ground cover removal (80% bare soil) following fire. Concentration. increases of Cs-137 occurred during surface water erosion, resulting in enrichment of Cs-137 levels in sediments by factors of 1.4 to 2.9 compared with parent soils. The elevated concentrations in runoff declined rapidly with time and cumulative precipitation occurrence and approached pre-fire levels after approximately 240 mm of rainfall. Our results provide evidence of order-of-magnitude concentration increases of a fallout radionuclide as a result of forest fire and rapid transport of radionuclides following fire that may have important implications for a wide range of geophysical, ecosystem, fire management, and risk-based issues. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johansen, MP (reprint author), 528 35th St, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Johansen, Mathew/D-7049-2012; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 52 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2150 EP 2157 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700022 PM 14674537 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, M Lasat, M Ebbs, S Cornish, J Kochian, L AF Fuhrmann, M Lasat, M Ebbs, S Cornish, J Kochian, L TI Uptake and release of cesium-137 by five plant species as influenced by soil amendments in field experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RADIOCESIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL; PHYTOREMEDIATION; MECHANISMS; SPINACH; CS-137 AB Phytoextraction field experiments were conducted on soil contaminated with 0.39 to 8.7 Bq/g of Cs-137 to determine the capacity of five plant species to accumulate Cs-137 and the effects of three soil treatments on uptake. The plants tested were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L. var. aureus); a mixture of redroot pigweed and spreading pigweed (A. graecizans L.); purple amaranth (A. cruteus L.) x Powell's amaranth (A. powellii S. Watson), referred to here as the amaranth hybrid; Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]; and cabbage (Brassica oteracea L. var. capitata). For control plants, the concentration ratios (CR) of Cs-137 were greatest for redroot pigweed and the amaranth hybrid, with average CR values of 1.0 +/- 0.24 and 0.95 +/- 0.14, respectively. The lowest value was for Indian mustard at 0.36 +/- 0.10. The soil treatments included (i) application of NH4NO3 solution to the soil after plants had matured, (ii) addition of composted manure to increase organic matter content of the soil, (iii) combination of the manure and ammonium solution treatments, and (iv) controls. The ammonium solution gave little overall increase in accumulation of Cs-137. The use of composted manure also had little influence, but the combination of the composted manure with application of ammonium solutions had a distinctly negative effect on plant uptake of Cs-137. On average the fraction of Cs-137 taken up from the soil was reduced by 57.4 +/- 1.2% compared with controls. This was the result of release of competing ions, primarily Ca, from the manure and was observed across all five plant species tested. The application of ammonium solution took place in the last two weeks before harvest. The reduction of plant Cs-137 content, by addition of the ammonium solution, as it interacted with the manure, indicates that substantial quantities (CS)-C-137 can be released from the shoots of plants as a result of sudden changes in soil solution chemistry. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res 8722R, Washington, DC 20460 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. MSE Technol Applicat, Butte, MT 59702 USA. USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fuhrmann, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2272 EP 2279 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700036 PM 14674551 ER PT J AU Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Qafoku, OS AF Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Qafoku, OS TI Aluminum effect on dissolution and precipitation under hyperalkaline conditions: I. Liquid phase transformations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL AFFINITY; KINETICS; URANIUM(VI); INHIBITION; KAOLINITE; RATES; PH AB Substantial amounts of self-boiling, Al-rich, hyperalkaline, and saline high-level waste fluids (HLWF) were deposited to the vadose zone at the Hanford Site, in Washington State. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of similar fluids on the extent of dissolution and precipitation in the sediments. Metal- and glass-free systems were used to conduct batch experiments at 323 K under CO2 and O-2 free conditions. Base-induced dissolution of the soil minerals was rapid in the first 48 h as indicated by immediate releases of Si and Fe into the soil solution. Potassium release lagged behind and dissolution of K-bearing minerals (mica and K-feldspar) proceeded faster only after 2 to 3 d of the experiment. Silicon and Fe release exhibited high dependence on aqueous [Al] (rate orders <-1), because Al decreased free OH concentration in the contact solution and probably inhibited soil mineral dissolution. Initial K release exhibited low dependence on [Al] (fractional rate orders). Initial dissolution rates calculated based on Si release varied with aqueous [Al] from 29.47 to 4.35 X 10(-12) Mol m(-2) s(-1). Aluminum participated in the formation of the secondary phases (precipitation rates of 10(-8) mol s(-1)) but the overall precipitation rate of alumino-silicate secondary phases was probably controlled by aqueous [Si] (rates of 10(-9), and rate constants between 0.0054 and 0.0084 h(-1)). The changes in the soil solution chemistry (release of K, Si, Fe, and other elements) may play a significant role in the fate of radionuclides and contaminants like Cs, Sr, Cr, and U in the Hanford sediments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Geochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Qafoku, NP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Geochem Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K3-61, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2354 EP 2363 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700045 PM 14674560 ER PT J AU Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Bish, DL Young, JS McCready, DE Qafoku, OS AF Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Bish, DL Young, JS McCready, DE Qafoku, OS TI Aluminum effect on dissolution and precipitation under hyperalkaline conditions: II. Solid phase transformations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SPENT BAYER LIQUOR; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NITRATE-CANCRINITE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SODALITE; SOLUBILITY AB The high-level radioactive, Al-rich, concentrated alkaline and saline waste fluids stored in underground tanks have accidentally leaked into the vadose zone at the Hanford Site in Washington State. In addition to dissolution, precipitation is likely to occur when these waste fluids contact the sediments. The objective of this study was to investigate the solid phase transformations caused by dissolution and precipitation in the sediments treated with solutions similar to the waste fluids. Batch experiments at 323 K were conducted in metal-and glass-free systems under CO2 and O-2 free conditions. Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) indicated that significant solid phase transformations occurred in the sediments contacted with Al-rich, hyperalkaline, and saline solutions. The XRD and QXRD analyses confirmed that smectite and most likely biotite underwent dissolution. The SEM and the qualitative EDS analyses confirmed the formation of alumino-silicates in the groups of cancrinite and probably sodalite. The morphology of the alumino-silicates secondary phases changed in response to changes in the Si/Al aqueous molar ratio. The transformations in the sediments triggered by dissolution (weathering of soil minerals) and precipitation (formation of secondary phases with high specific surface area and probably high sorption capacities) may play a significant role in the immobilization and ultimate fate of radionuclides and contaminants such as Cs, Sr, and U in the Hanford vadose zone. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Geochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qafoku, NP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Geochem Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K3-61, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2364 EP 2372 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700046 PM 14674561 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EJ Bowman, RS Legiec, IA AF Sullivan, EJ Bowman, RS Legiec, IA TI Sorption of arsenic from soil-washing leachate by surfactant-modified zeolite SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ZEOLITES; CLINOPTILOLITE; CHROMATE; ADSORPTION; OXYANIONS; SOLIDS AB Post-treatment of leachate from soil-washing remedial actions may be necessary depending on the amounts of dissolved contaminants present. Uptake of arsenic species by surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) from a synthetic soil leachate (pH of approximately 12 [NaOH]) was measured as a test of SMZ as a post-treatment sorbent. Batch sorption isotherms were prepared using leachate to SMZ ratios from 40:1 to 4:1, and temperatures of 25 and 15degreesC. Equilibrium levels of dissolved and total solution arsenic were similar. At each temperature, sorption appeared to reach a plateau or maximum, then decreased at the highest solution concentration, corresponding to the lowest amount of zeolite added (2.5 g). A maximum sorption value of 72.0 mmol of arsenic per kg of SMZ (5400 mg/kg) was observed at 25degreesC, and 42.1 mmol/kg (3150 mg/kg) at 15degreesC. Total arsenic recoveries varied from 74 to 125%. Surfactant-modified zeolite removed up to 97% of dissolved organic carbon and decolorized the leachate solutions. Excluding the points for the highest arsenic to SMZ ratio, the sorption isotherms were well described by the linearized form of the Langmuir equation, with coefficients of determination greater than 0.90 at both temperatures. Sorption of arsenic by SMZ is attributed to anion exchange with counterions on the surfactant head groups, and/or partitioning of organic carbon-complexed arsenic into the surfactant bilayer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, RRES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Jackson Lab, Chambers Works, Deepwater, NJ 08023 USA. RP Sullivan, EJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, RRES Div, MS J599, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2387 EP 2391 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 743MC UT WOS:000186574700049 PM 14674564 ER PT J AU Rohrer, CA Hieber, TE Melnyk, LJ Berry, MR AF Rohrer, CA Hieber, TE Melnyk, LJ Berry, MR TI Transfer efficiencies of pesticides from household flooring surfaces to foods SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dietary exposure; pesticides; children; surface transfer; transfer efficiency; contact duration; contact force ID DIETARY EXPOSURE; POTENTIAL EXPOSURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CHLORPYRIFOS; VALLEY; DUST; RISK AB The transfer of pesticides from household surfaces to foods was measured to determine the degree of excess dietary exposure that occurs when children's foods contact contaminated surfaces prior to being eaten. Three household flooring surfaces (ceramic tile, hardwood, and carpet) were contaminated with an aqueous emulsion of commercially available pesticides (diazinon, heptachlor, malathion, chlorpyrifos, isofenphos, and cis- and trans-permethrin) frequently found in residential environments. A surface wipe method, as typically used in residential exposure studies, was used to measure the pesticides available on the surfaces as a basis for calculating transfer efficiency to the foods. Three foods (apple, bologna, and cheese) routinely handled by children before eating were placed on the contaminated surfaces and transfers of pesticides were measured after 10 min contact. Other contact durations (1 and 60 min) and applying additional contact force (1500 g) to the foods were evaluated for their impact on transferred pesticides. More pesticides transferred to the foods from the hard surfaces, that is, ceramic tile and hardwood flooring, than from carpet. Mean transfer efficiencies for all pesticides to the three foods ranged from 24% to 40% from ceramic tile and 15% to 29% from hardwood, as compared to mostly non-detectable transfers from carpet. Contact duration and applied force notably increased pesticide transfer. The mean transfer efficiency for the seven pesticides increased from around 1% at 1 min to 55-83% when contact duration was increased to 60 min for the three foods contacting hardwood flooring. Mean transfer efficiency for 10-min contact increased from 15% to 70% when a 1500 g force was applied to bologna placed on hardwood flooring. Contamination of food occurs from contact with pesticide-laden surfaces, thus increasing the potential for excess dietary exposure of children. C1 US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Council Ageing, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Berry, MR (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 454 EP 464 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500300 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 741JC UT WOS:000186454100005 PM 14603346 ER PT J AU Penner, JE Zhang, SY Chuang, CC AF Penner, JE Zhang, SY Chuang, CC TI Soot and smoke aerosol may not warm climate SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE soot; biomass; aerosol ID BLACK CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MODEL; CLOUD; SENSITIVITY; POLLUTION AB [1] Soot and smoke aerosol contain black carbon, which absorbs solar radiation. These aerosols may reduce the overall negative climate forcing of anthropogenic aerosols by absorbing radiation that might otherwise be scattered back to space. They may also reduce overall cloudiness, an effect termed the "semidirect'' effect, which is thought to enhance climate warming. Here, we evaluate the climate forcing associated with black carbon and other aerosols using the concept of "relaxed forcing,'' which is the forcing associated with two simulations using fixed sea surface temperatures. The consideration of longwave perturbations associated with the relaxed forcing leads to a diminished or even negative semidirect effect associated with absorbing aerosols rather than an enhanced warming. The overall forcing depends significantly on the altitude of injection of the aerosols because higher-altitude injections tend to enhance the negative longwave forcing. In addition, high-altitude injection of absorbing aerosols can increase cloudiness at lower altitudes where temperatures, in general, may decrease. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Penner, JE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM penner@umich.edu RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; chuang, cathy/H-4814-2012 NR 32 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D21 AR 4657 DI 10.1029/2003JD003409 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740HF UT WOS:000186396400001 ER PT J AU Chacko, Z Ponton, E AF Chacko, Z Ponton, E TI Bulk gauge fields in warped space and localized supersymmetry breaking SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in higher dimensions; gauge symmetry; supersymmetry breaking; GUT ID MODEL; RS1 AB We consider five dimensional supersymmetric warped scenarios in which the Standard Model quark and lepton fields are localized on the ultraviolet brane, while the Standard Model gauge fields propagate in the bulk. Supersymmetry is assumed to be broken on the infrared brane. The relative sizes of supersymmetry breaking effects are found to depend on the hierarchy between the infrared scale and the weak scale. If the infrared scale is much larger than the weak scale the leading supersymmetry breaking effect on the visible brane is given by gaugino mediation. The gaugino masses at the weak scale are proportional to the square of the corresponding gauge coupling, while the dominant contribution to the scalar masses arises from logarithmically enhanced radiative effects involving the gaugino mass that are cutoff at the infrared scale. While the LSP is the gravitino, the NLSP which is the stau is stable on collider time scales. If however the infrared scale is close to the weak scale then the effects of hard supersymmetry breaking operators on the scalar masses can become comparable to those from gaugino mediation. These operators alter the relative strengths of the couplings of gauge bosons and gauginos to matter, and give loop contributions to the scalar masses that are also cutoff at the infrared scale. The gaugino masses, while exhibiting a more complicated dependence on the corresponding gauge coupling, remain hierarchical and become proportional to the corresponding gauge coupling in the limit of strong supersymmetry breaking. The scalar masses are finite and a loop factor smaller than the gaugino masses. The LSP remains the gravitino. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zchacko@thsrv.lbl.gov; eponton@fnal.gov RI Ponton, Eduardo/I-4125-2013 OI Ponton, Eduardo/0000-0003-3138-1136 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 IS 11 AR 024 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 771BH UT WOS:000188765300024 ER PT J AU Landsteiner, K Lazaroiu, CL Tatar, R AF Landsteiner, K Lazaroiu, CL Tatar, R TI Chiral field theories from conifolds SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; brane dynamics in gauge theories ID GAUGE-THEORIES; TOPOLOGICAL STRINGS; MATRIX MODELS; LARGE N; ORIENTIFOLDS; DUALITY; BRANES AB We discuss the geometric engineering and large N transition for an N=1 U(N) chiral gauge theory with one adjoint, one conjugate symmetric, one antisymmetric and eight fundamental chiral multiplets. Our IIB realization involves an orientifold of a non-compact Calabi-Yau A(2) fibration, together with D5-branes wrapping the exceptional curves of its resolution as well as the orientifold fixed locus. We give a detailed discussion of this background and of its relation to the Hanany-Witten realization of the same theory. In particular, we argue that the T-duality relating the two constructions maps the Z(2) orientifold of the Hanany-Witten realization into a Z(4) orientifold in type IIB. We also discuss the related engineering of theories with SO/Sp gauge groups and symmetric or antisymmetric matter. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor C16, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Humboldt Univ, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor C16, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM Karl.Landsteiner@uam.es; calin@physik.hu-berlin.de; rtatar@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 IS 11 AR 057 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 771BH UT WOS:000188765300057 ER PT J AU Landsteiner, K Lazaroiu, CL Tatar, R AF Landsteiner, K Lazaroiu, CL Tatar, R TI (Anti)symmetric matter and superpotentials from IIB orientifolds SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstring vacua; supersymmetry and duality; matrix models ID SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE-THEORIES; SEIBERG-WITTEN CURVES; MATRIX MODELS; LARGE N; GEOMETRIC TRANSITION; TOPOLOGICAL STRINGS; BRANE DYNAMICS; SUPERSTRINGS; DUALITIES; EQUATIONS AB We study the IIB engineering of N = 1 gauge theories with unitary gauge group and matter in the adjoint and (anti)symmetric representations. We show that such theories can be obtained as Z(2) orientifolds of certain Calabi-Yau A(2) fibrations, and discuss the explicit T-duality transformation to an orientifolded Hanany-Witten construction. The low energy dynamics is described by a geometric transition of the orientifolded background. Unlike previously studied cases, we show that the orientifold 5-'plane' survives the transition, thus bringing a nontrivial contribution to the effective superpotential. We extract this contribution by using matrix model results and compare with geometric data. A Higgs branch of our models recovers the engineering of SO/Sp theories with adjoint matter through an O5-'plane' T-dual to an O6-plane. We show that the superpotential agrees with that produced by engineering through an O5-'plane' dual to an O4-plane, even though the orientifold of this second construction is replaced by fluxes after the transition. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Theor CXVI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Humboldt Univ, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Theor CXVI, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM KarlLandsteiner@uam.es; calin@physik.hu-berlin.de; rtatar@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 IS 11 AR 044 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 771BH UT WOS:000188765300044 ER PT J AU Nomura, Y AF Nomura, Y TI Higgsless theory of electroweak symmetry breaking from warped space SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; beyond standard model ID MIXINGS; MASSES AB We study a theory of electroweak symmetry breaking without a Higgs boson, recently suggested by Csaki et at. The theory is formulated in 5D warped space with the gauge bosons and matter fields propagating in the bulk. In the 4D dual picture, the theory appears as the standard model without a Higgs field, but with an extra gauge group G which becomes strong at the TeV scale. The strong dynamics of G breaks the electroweak symmetry, giving the masses for the W and Z bosons and the quarks and leptons. We study corrections in 5D which are logarithmically enhanced by the large mass ratio between the Planck and weak scales, and show that they do not destroy the structure of the electroweak gauge sector at the leading order. We introduce a new parameter, the ratio between the two bulk gauge couplings, into the theory and find that it allows us to control the scale of new physics. We also present a potentially realistic theory accommodating quarks and leptons and discuss its implications, including the violation of universality in the W and Z boson couplings to matter and the spectrum of the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the gauge bosons. The theory reproduces many successful features of the standard model, although some cancellations may still be needed to satisfy constraints from the precision electroweak data. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yasunori@thsrv.lbl.gov NR 24 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 IS 11 AR 050 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 771BH UT WOS:000188765300050 ER PT J AU Roberts, JD Jepsen, RA James, SC AF Roberts, JD Jepsen, RA James, SC TI Measurements of sediment erosion and transport with the adjustable shear stress erosion and transport flume SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; erosion; bed load; suspended load; flumes; measurement ID BED-LOAD TRANSPORT; BULK-DENSITY; WATER; RATES; SEA AB Soil and sediments play an important role in water management and water quality. Issues such as water turbidity, associated contaminants, reservoir sedimentation, undesirable erosion and scour, and aquatic habitat are all linked to sediment. properties and behaviors. In situ analysis is necessary to develop an understanding of the erosion and transport of sediments. Sandia National Laboratories has recently patented the Adjustable Shear Stress Erosion and Transport (ASSET) Flume that quantifies in situ erosion of a sediment core with depth while affording simultaneous examination of transport modes (bedload versus suspended load) of the eroded material. Core erosion rates and ratios of bedload to suspended load transport of quartz sediments were studied with the ASSET Flume. The erosion and transport of a fine-grained natural cohesive sediment were also observed. Experiments using quartz sands revealed that the ratio of suspended load to bedload sediment transport is a function of grain diameter and shear stress at the sediment surface. Data collected from the ASSET Flume were used to formulate a novel empirical relation for predicting the ratio of bedload to suspended load as a function of shear stress and grain diameter for noncohesive sediments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roberts, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad Programs, 4100 Natl Pk Highway, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2003 VL 129 IS 11 BP 862 EP 871 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:11(862) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 733GE UT WOS:000185990900005 ER PT J AU Eng, K Coulter, RL Brutsaert, W AF Eng, K Coulter, RL Brutsaert, W TI Vertical velocity variance in the mixed layer from radar wind profilers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE wind velocity; radar; variance analysis; measurement; wind; turbulent boundary layers; turbulence ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE HEAT-FLUX AB Vertical velocity variance data were derived from remotely sensed mixed layer turbulence measurements at the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE) facility in Butler County, Kansas. These measurements and associated data were provided by a collection of instruments that included two 915 MHz wind profilers, two radio acoustic sounding systems, and two eddy correlation devices. The data from these devices were available through the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE) database operated by Argonne National Laboratory. A signal processing procedure outlined by Angevine et al. was adapted and further built upon to derive vertical velocity variance,$(w'(2)) over bar from 915 MHz wind profiler measurements in the mixed layer. The proposed procedure consisted of the application of a height-dependent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) filter, removal of outliers plus and minus two standard deviations about the mean on the spectral width squared, and removal of the effects of beam broadening and vertical shearing of horizontal winds. The scatter associated with $(w'(2)) over bar was mainly affected by the choice of SNR filter cutoff values. Several different sets of cutoff values were considered, and the optimal one was selected which reduced the overall scatter on $(w'(2)) over bar 2 and yet retained a sufficient number of data points to average. A similarity relationship of $(w'(2)) over bar versus height was established for the mixed layer on the basis of the available data. A strong link between the SNR and growth/decay phases of turbulence was identified. Thus, the mid to late afternoon hours, when strong surface heating occurred, were observed to produce the highest quality signals. C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Eng, K (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr,Mail Stop 430, Reston, VA USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 8 IS 6 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2003)8:6(301) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 733JD UT WOS:000185995900001 ER PT J AU Ripp, S Daumer, KA McKnight, T Levine, LH Garland, JL Simpson, ML Sayler, GS AF Ripp, S Daumer, KA McKnight, T Levine, LH Garland, JL Simpson, ML Sayler, GS TI Bioluminescent bioreporter integrated-circuit sensing of microbial volatile organic compounds SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BBIC; bioluminescence; bioreporter; lux; MVOC; p-cymene ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA F1; CATABOLIC PATHWAY; P-CUMATE; METABOLITES; AIR; REPORTER; VOCS; EMISSION; EXPOSURE; TERPENES AB A bioluminescent bioreporter for the detection of the microbial volatile organic compound p-cymene was constructed as a model sensor for the detection of metabolic by-products indicative of microbial growth. The bioreporter, designated Pseudomonas putida UT93, contains a Vibrio fischeri luxCDABE gene fused to a p-cymene/p-cumate-inducible promoter derived from the P. putida F1 cym operon. Exposure of strain UT93 to 0.02-850 ppm p-cymene produced self-generated bioluminescence in less than 1.5 h. Signals in response to specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as m- and p-xylene and styrene, also occurred, but at twofold low er bioluminescent levels. The bioreporter was interfaced with an integrated-circuit microluminometer to create a miniaturized hybrid sensor for remote monitoring of p-cymene signatures. This bioluminescent bioreporter, integrated-circuit device was capable of detecting fungal presence within approximately 3.5 h of initial exposure to a culture of p-cymene-producing Penicillium roqueforti. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Dynamac Corp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sayler, GS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu RI Ripp, Steven/B-2305-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Ripp, Steven/0000-0002-6836-1764; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 11 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s10295-003-0093-6 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 764EF UT WOS:000188191200002 PM 14586805 ER PT J AU Mendez, AJ Gagliardi, RM Hernandez, VJ Bennett, CV Lennon, WJ AF Mendez, AJ Gagliardi, RM Hernandez, VJ Bennett, CV Lennon, WJ TI Design and performance analysis of wavelength/time (W/T) matrix codes for optical CDMA SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE access protocols; code-division multiple access (CDMA); codes; encoding; multiaccess communication; optical fiber communication; numerical modeling ID DIVISION MULTIPLE-ACCESS; HIGH-SPEED; PATTERNS; NETWORKS; SYSTEM AB Two-dimensional (2-D) codes for optical CDMA (OCDMA) are increasingly important because the code set size (cardinality) of such codes is large and the codes have good spectral efficiency, especially when compared to linear or direct sequence codes. As an example, the 2-D codes described in this paper (that use intensity modulation and direct detection, IM/DD) have a cardinality of 32, and their spectral efficiency is similar to 0.5 bit/s/Hz when a guard-time is used to avoid intersymbol interference. The cardinality is readily increased to 64-80, using the techniques described in the paper. The next best 2-D codes of comparable cardinality that use IM/DD tend to have a lower spectral efficiency (going like 1/K, where K is the cardinality) because they do not support multiple entries per row or per column of the code matrix. To improve on the spectral efficiency of the codes described in this paper, bipolar codes must be considered. Two-dimensional codes or matrices can be generated from pseudoorthogonal (PSO) sequences by means of simple quasigraphical operations. Important results of this construction are that both the cardinality and the spectral efficiency or information spectral density of the set of matrices is higher than that of the generating set of sequences. The matrices can be interpreted (implemented) as space/time (S / T) or wavelength/time (W/T) matrix codes for OCDMA applications. The resultant matrix codes are robust, have high information spectral density, and are effective wavelength multipliers. This paper describes the design and construction of the matrices; analyzes their performance from a communications viewpoint; describes their use as codes for the asynchronous, concurrent communication of multiple users; and analyzes the bit error rate performance based on capturing and modeling a typical network topology and performing a numerical modeling of the system. C1 Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mendez, AJ (reprint author), Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009; Hernandez, Vincent/C-2522-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739; NR 25 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2524 EP 2533 DI 10.1109/JLT.2003.819127 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 751JZ UT WOS:000187064500011 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK TI The giant magnetocaloric effect between 190 and 300 K in the Gd5SixGe4-x alloys for 1.4 <= x <= 2.2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gadolinium-germanium-silicide; magnetocaloric effect; magnetic and crystallographic phase transition; heat capacity; magnetic ordering temperature; magnetization ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); GD5SI4-GD5GE4; SYSTEM AB A detailed investigation of the phase relationships and physical properties (isothermal magnetization, heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect) of heat treated Gd5SixGe4-x alloys indicate that the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type phase is stable at 1570K over the composition range of 1.5less than or equal toxless than or equal to2.1. All of the alloys exhibit a first order magnetic-crystallographic phase transformation on cooling and/or application of a magnetic field in the paramagnetic state, which is accompanied by the giant magnetocaloric effect. The maximum values of the isothermal magnetic entropy change decrease systematically but non-linearly with the increasing Si concentration (x), and the giant magnetocaloric effect is observed between 190 (x = 1.5) and 300 K (x = 2.1). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Sci Program, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Met & Ceram Sci Program, US DOE, Ames Lab, 255 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 267 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00305-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 740MY UT WOS:000186407200010 ER PT J AU Miller, MR Mulholland, G Anderson, C AF Miller, MR Mulholland, G Anderson, C TI Experimental cutting tool temperature distributions SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB High temperatures in machining cutting zones activate wear mechanisms that decrease tool life and increase production costs and yet this phenomenon is not fully understood nor characterized. Although experimental work has been Performed, the techniques used have generally been difficult to apply, and lacked sufficient resolution and or acceptable accuracy. Theoretical predictions and computational simulations have been performed to gain further insight into this problem but could not be accurately validated due to the lack of sufficient experimental temperature data. Experimental techniques using modern, digital infrared imaging were developed and successfully applied during this study to gather cutting tool temperature distributions from orthogonal machining operations. This new process has seemingly overcome many problems associated with past experimental techniques. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88001 USA. RP Miller, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 667 EP 673 DI 10.1115/1.1621425 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 746TD UT WOS:000186763000004 ER PT J AU Kamakoti, P Sholl, DS AF Kamakoti, P Sholl, DS TI A comparison of hydrogen diffusivities in Pd and CuPd alloys using density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; diffusion; metal membranes; theory ID COPPER-PALLADIUM ALLOYS; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INFREQUENT EVENTS; METAL MEMBRANES; SEPARATION; DIFFUSION AB Plane wave density functional theory (DFT) is used to examine the binding and diffusion of dilute interstitial H in pure Pd, disordered fcc Cu48Pd52, and ordered bcc Cu50Pd50. Once zero-point (ZP) corrections and lattice relaxations are taken into account, the diffusion activation energy for interstitial H in pure Pd is in quantitative agreement with experimental data. Our DFT results indicate that the diffusion activation energy for interstitial H in ordered bcc Cu50Pd50 is over an order of magnitude smaller than that for pure Pd. We present a detailed description of the range of diffusion activation energies available for local hops of interstitial H in disordered RC Cu48Pd52 and describe how the net activation energy for long-range H diffusion in this material can be inferred from these results. The variation in H binding energies and diffusion activation energies of interstitial H in bcc and fcc CuPd alloys as a function of alloy composition is also discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 32 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 225 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2003.07.008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 745XB UT WOS:000186715500013 ER PT J AU Gonera, M Peryt, TM Durakiewicz, T AF Gonera, M Peryt, TM Durakiewicz, T TI Coiling direction in Globigerina bulloides of middle miocene age SO JOURNAL OF MICROPALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; ARABIAN SEA; DORBIGNY; PACHYDERMA; OCEAN AB Detailed analysis of the early evolutionary stage of Globigerina bulloides in Middle Miocene calcareous nannoplankton zones NN5 and NN6 shows no preference for sinistral or dextral coiling patterns despite seawater temperature variations (as inferred from stable isotope analyses of foraminifer shells). Accordingly, coiling direction was proportional or biased to sinistral. C1 Inst Ochrony Przrody PAN, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. Panstwowy Inst Geol, PL-00975 Warsaw, Poland. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Fizyki, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonera, M (reprint author), Inst Ochrony Przrody PAN, Al A Mickiewicza 33, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBL HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CENTRE, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0262-821X J9 J MICROPALAEONTOL JI J. Micropalaentol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 22 BP 141 EP 146 PN 2 PG 6 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 773WK UT WOS:000188947500005 ER PT J AU Kim, CW Ray, CS Zhu, D Day, DE Gombert, D Aloy, A Mogus-Milankovic, A Karabulut, M AF Kim, CW Ray, CS Zhu, D Day, DE Gombert, D Aloy, A Mogus-Milankovic, A Karabulut, M TI Chemically durable iron phosphate glasses for vitrifying sodium bearing waste (SBW) using conventional and cold crucible induction melting (CCIM) techniques SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY AB A simulated sodium bearing waste (SBW) was successfully vitrified in iron phosphate glasses (IPG) at a maximum waste loading of 40 wt% using conventional and cold crucible induction melting (CCIM) techniques. No sulfate segregation or crystalline phases were detectable in the IPG when examined by SEM and XRD. The IPG wasteforms containing 40 wt% SBW satisfy current DOE requirements for aqueous chemical durability as evaluated from their bulk dissolution rate (D-R), product consistency test; and vapor hydration test. The fluid IPG wasteforms can be melted at a relatively low temperature (1000 degreesC) and for short times (<6 h). These properties combined with a significantly higher waste loading, and the feasibility of CCIM melting offer considerable savings in time, energy, and cost for vitrifying the SBW stored at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory in iron phosphate glasses. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Grad Ctr Mat Res, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 197022, Russia. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Kafkas, Dept Phys, TR-36000 Kars, Turkey. RP Kim, CW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Grad Ctr Mat Res, 101 Straumanis Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 322 IS 2-3 BP 152 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(03)00325-8 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 733MW UT WOS:000186005600007 ER PT J AU Hattori, N Huang, SC Wu, HM Yeh, E Glenn, TC Vespa, PM McArthur, D Phelps, ME Hovda, DA Bergsneider, M AF Hattori, N Huang, SC Wu, HM Yeh, E Glenn, TC Vespa, PM McArthur, D Phelps, ME Hovda, DA Bergsneider, M TI Correlation of regional metabolic rates of glucose with Glasgow coma scale after traumatic brain injury SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PET; cerebral glucose metabolism; concussion; coma; head injury; diffuse axonal injury ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; FDG LUMPED CONSTANT; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; TIME UPTAKE DATA; GRAPHICAL EVALUATION; PRACTICAL SCALE; HUMANS; CONSCIOUSNESS AB After traumatic brain injury (TBI), subcortical white matter damage may induce a functional disconnection leading to a dissociation of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) between the cerebral cortex and deeper brain regions. Therefore, thalamic and brain stem CMRglc may have a closer correlation than does the cerebral cortex with depth of coma after TBI. Methods: Eleven adult healthy volunteers and 23 adult patients with TBI (median initial Glasgow Coma Scale score [GCSini], 8) underwent F-18-FDG PET within 5 d after injury. The CMRglc of cortical areas (remote from hemorrhagic lesions), striatum, thalamus, brain stem, cerebellar cortex, and whole brain was compared with severity of injury and the level of consciousness evaluated using GCSini and the Glasgow Coma Scale score at the time of PET (GCSpet). Results: The regional CMRglc of the brain stem is relatively unaffected by the TBI. Compared with healthy volunteers, TBI patients exhibited significantly depressed CMRglc in the striatum (3.9 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.1 +/- 0.9 mg/100 g/min, P < 0.05) and thalamus (3.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.9 mg/100 g/min, P < 0.05). CMRglc levels were not statistically lower in the cerebellum (2.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.8 mg/100 g/min, P = NS) and brain stem (2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.5 mg/100 g/min, P NS). However, compared between comatose and noncomatose patients, ClVlRg1c values in the thalamus (2.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.6 +/-1.2 mg/100 g/min, P < 0.05), brain stem (2.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.5 mg/100 g/min, P < 0.01), and cerebellar cortex (2.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 3.4 +/- 1.0 mg/100 g/min, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in comatose patients. When individual values of regional ClVlRglc were plotted against posttraumatic level of consciousness, ClVlRglc values for the thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum significantly correlated with the level of consciousness at the time of PET (r = 0.58, P < 0.01; r = 0.66, P < 0.01; r = 0.64, P < 0.01, respectively). CT or MRI findings were normal for the analyzed structures except for 3 patients with diffuse axonal injury of the brain stem. The presence of shear injury was associated with poor GCSini (P < 0.05.) but was not related to GCSpet and brain stem CMRglc. Conclusion: A PET investigation using F-18 FDG demonstrated a significant difference in glucose metabolism in the thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum between comatose and noncomatose patients acutely after TBI. The metabolic rate of glucose in these regions significantly correlated with the level of consciousness at the time of PET. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, US DOE, Ctr Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Brain Injury Res Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Hattori, N (reprint author), Box 956948, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Hattori, Naoya/G-2298-2012 FU PHS HHS [30308] NR 44 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1709 EP 1716 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 741YV UT WOS:000186488700010 PM 14602850 ER PT J AU Futakawa, M Naoe, T Kogawa, H Tsai, CC Ikeda, Y AF Futakawa, M Naoe, T Kogawa, H Tsai, CC Ikeda, Y TI Pitting damage formation up to over 10 million cycles off-line test by MIMTM SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spallation; mercury target; pitting; life estimation; surface hardening treatment; material degradation; 316SS; pressure wave; proton ID MERCURY TARGET; PRESSURE; EROSION; POWER AB A liquid-mercury target system for the MW-scale target is being developed in the world. The pitting damage induced by pressure wave propagation gets to be one of critical issues to estimate the life of the target structure with mercury and to evaluate its structural integrity. The off-line test on the pitting damage at high cycles over 10 millions was carried out using a novel device, the MIMTM which drives electromagnetically to impose pulse pressure into the mercury. It was found from the pitting damage data obtained by the MIMTM and comparison with classical vibratory hone tests that the pitting damage can be characterized in two steps, an incubation period that can extend to 106 cycles in 20% cold worked 316SS and 10(7) cycles in surface hardening treated one and steady state erosion where mass loss scales with the number of cycles to approximately the 1.27 power for mercury. The length of the incubation period is primarily a function of the material and the intensity of the pressure. This observation provides a simple model for estimating lifetime for different materials and beam power. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Futakawa, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. NR 11 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 40 IS 11 BP 895 EP 904 DI 10.3327/jnst.40.895 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 757PR UT WOS:000187571100001 ER PT J AU Li, M Walker, DW Rana, OF Huang, Y Williams, PT Ward, RC AF Li, M Walker, DW Rana, OF Huang, Y Williams, PT Ward, RC TI Engineering high-performance legacy codes as CORBA components for problem-solving environments SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE problem-solving environments; high-performance legacy codes; CORBA components; wrapper generator; parallel and distributed computing ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLUID AB This paper describes techniques used to leverage high-performance legacy codes as CORBA components to a distributed problem-solving environment. It first briefly introduces the software architecture adopted by the environment. Then it presents a CORBA oriented wrapper generator (COWG) which can be used to automatically wrap high-performance legacy codes as CORBA components. Two legacy codes have been wrapped with COWG. One is an MPI-based molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) code, the other is a finite element-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for simulating incompressible Navier-Stokes flows. Performance comparisons between runs of the MDS CORBA component and the original MDS legacy code on a cluster of workstations and on a parallel computer are also presented. Wrapped as CORBA components, these legacy codes can be reused in a distributed computing environment. The first case shows that high-performance can be maintained with the wrapped MDS component. The second case shows that a Web user can submit a task to the wrapped CFD component through a Web page without knowing the exact implementation of the component. In this way, a user's desktop computing environment can be extended to a high-performance computing environment using a cluster of workstations or a parallel computer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brunel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Cardiff Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Cardiff CF24 3XF, S Glam, Wales. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brunel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. EM maozhen.li@brunel.ac.uk RI Rana, Omer/B-5065-2010; Walker, David/B-7978-2010; OI Walker, David/0000-0002-1360-6330 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1152 EP 1163 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2003.07.006 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 743BA UT WOS:000186551500010 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Nadiga, BT AF Holm, DD Nadiga, BT TI Modeling mesoscale turbulence in the barotropic double-gyre circulation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-ALPHA MODEL; EQUATIONS; EDDIES; PARAMETERIZATION; MOTION; FLOW AB This paper presents analytical and numerical results for a class of turbulence closure models called "alpha models,'' in which Lagrangian averaging and turbulence closure assumptions modify the Eulerian nonlinearity. The alpha models are investigated in the setting of the barotropic, double-gyre circulation in an ocean basin. Two variants of the alpha models for the barotropic vorticity (BV) equation are found to produce the correct four-gyre configuration for the mean barotropic circulation in numerical simulations performed at a resolution 4 times as coarse as that required in a resolved BV model. These are the BV-alpha model and the BV-Leray-alpha model. However, at a resolution 8 times as coarse, only the BV-alpha model produces the proper four-gyre configuration. Thus, the combination of modified nonlinearity and viscous dissipation (the viscosity is the same in all of the runs) in the BV-alpha model is found to provide a promising approach to modeling the mean effects of unresolved mesoscale (subgrid scale) activity in this problem. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div T, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Nadiga, BT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div T, MS-B296, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2355 EP 2365 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<2355:MMTITB>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 735GF UT WOS:000186103500011 ER PT J AU Voronin, GA Pantea, C Zerda, TW Zhang, J Wang, L Zhao, Y AF Voronin, GA Pantea, C Zerda, TW Zhang, J Wang, L Zhao, Y TI In situ X-ray diffraction study of germanium at pressures up to 11 GPa and temperatures up to 950 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; high pressure ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANVIL APPARATUS; SILICON; GE; FORM AB In situ X-ray diffraction measurements on germanium were conducted in the pressure range of 5-11 GPa and temperatures up to 950 K. Using our data a better defined P-T diagram for germanium is presented. The coordinates of the triple point between Ge-I-Ge-II-Ge-L have been determined to a better degree of precision. The onsets of the Ge-I-Ge-II transition were found both under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions. Anisotropy of thermal expansion coefficient for the Ge-II is characterized from the c/a ratios in the temperature interval 473-823 K. Phases Ge-III and Ge-IV are shown to be metastable forms of germanium. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr High Pressure Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Voronin, GA (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, TCU Box 298840, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2003 VL 64 IS 11 BP 2113 EP 2119 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(03)00278-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 736FM UT WOS:000186160800005 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT Chatterjee, L Efremenk, YV Strayer, M AF Avignone, FT Chatterjee, L Efremenk, YV Strayer, M TI Neutrino physics at spallation neutron sources SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Avignone, FT (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2497 EP 2498 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/E01 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 750KF UT WOS:000186989300006 ER PT J AU Burman, RL Louis, WC AF Burman, RL Louis, WC TI Neutrino physics at meson factories and spallation neutron sources SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; OSCILLATIONS; LAMPF; APPEARANCE; INTENSITY; FACILITY; DETECTOR; CAPTURE; PROTONS; LIMITS AB This article provides a brief review of neutrino research at LAMPF and at ISIS, including the early history of both programmes. The techniques adopted for the characterization of the neutrino fluxes, and a description of the neutrino experimental programmes at both facilities are given. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burman, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2499 EP 2512 AR PII S0954-3899(03)68152-1 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/006 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 750KF UT WOS:000186989300007 ER PT J AU Hix, WR Mezzacappa, A Messer, OEB Bruenn, SW AF Hix, WR Mezzacappa, A Messer, OEB Bruenn, SW TI Supernova science at spallation neutron sources SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; II SUPERNOVAE; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; POSTBOUNCE EVOLUTION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; STELLAR COLLAPSE; MASSIVE STARS AB New facilities to measure neutrino-nucleus cross sections, such as those possible in conjunction with spallation neutron sources, could provide an experimental foundation for the many neutrino-nucleus weak interaction rates needed in supernova models. This would enable more realistic supernova models and provide a greatly improved ability to understand the physics fundamental to supernovae by comparison of these models with detailed observations. Charged- and neutral-current neutrino interactions on nuclei in the stellar core play a central role in supernova dynamics and nucleosynthesis as well as being important for supernova neutrino detection. Measurements of these reactions on judiciously chosen targets would provide an invaluable test of the complex theoretical models used to compute the large number of neutrino-nucleus cross sections that are needed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RP Hix, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Messer, Bronson/G-1848-2012; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Messer, Bronson/0000-0002-5358-5415; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2523 EP 2542 AR PII S0954-3899(03)68151-X DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/008 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 750KF UT WOS:000186989300009 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT Efremenko, YV AF Avignone, FT Efremenko, YV TI Neutrino-nucleus cross-section measurements at intense, pulsed spallation sources SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERNOVA; C-12; DETECTORS AB There are several proposals to build facilities similar to the neutron spallation source (SNS) under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). These are also prolific sources of intermediate energy neutrinos. We have used the parameters of the SNS to compute the spectra, flux and time structure of neutrinos from stopped-pions and muons from protons impinging on a high-Z target. We demonstrate the feasibility of a broad programme of measurements of neutrino-nucleus cross-sections, important in weak interaction nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics that could be carried out at such facilities. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Avignone, FT (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2615 EP 2628 AR PII S0954-3899(03)68148-X DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/012 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 750KF UT WOS:000186989300013 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ Parsa, Z AF Marciano, WJ Parsa, Z TI Neutrino-electron scattering theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC PARITY VIOLATION; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; GAUGE THEORIES; RESONANT AMPLIFICATION; SPIN ROTATION; U(1) THEORY; SOLAR; MUON; OSCILLATIONS; MATTER AB Standard model predictions for neutrino-electron scattering cross-sections, including effects of electroweak radiative corrections, are reviewed. The sensitivity of these quantities to neutrino dipole moments, Z' bosons and dynamical symmetry breaking is described. Neutrino indices of refraction in matter are also discussed. A perspective on future initiatives with intense neutrino sources, such as from stopped pion decays at a neutron spallation source, superbeams or neutrino factories, is given. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 54 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2629 EP 2645 AR PII S0954-3899(03)68278-2 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/013 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 750KF UT WOS:000186989300014 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT Efremenko, Y AF Avignone, FT Efremenko, Y TI Searches for neutrino oscillations at intense spallation sources SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; MATRIX; MASS AB Spallation neutron sources utilizing intense pulsed GeV proton beams on heavy (high Z) targets are ideal for the investigation of neutrino oscillations involving (nu) over bar (mu) and nu(mu). The fundamentals of neutrino oscillation theory are reviewed. Detailed descriptions of experiments that can be performed in the vicinity of a pulsed I GeV, 2 MW source are given. The parameters of the spallation neutron source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are used as an example. The results anticipated from other proposed sources can be scaled from the results presented here. The detector configuration chosen is a 2000 ton scintillating Cerenkov detector. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Avignone, FT (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM avignone@sc.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 29 IS 11 BP 2665 EP 2675 AR PII S0954-3899(03)68913-9 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/29/11/015 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 750KF UT WOS:000186989300016 ER PT J AU Brown, LR Benner, DC Champion, JP Devi, VM Fejard, L Gamache, RR Gabard, T Hilico, JC Lavorel, B Loete, M Mellau, GC Nikitin, A Pine, AS Predoi-Cross, A Rinsland, CP Robert, O Sams, RL Smith, MAH Tashkun, SA Tyuterev, VG AF Brown, LR Benner, DC Champion, JP Devi, VM Fejard, L Gamache, RR Gabard, T Hilico, JC Lavorel, B Loete, M Mellau, GC Nikitin, A Pine, AS Predoi-Cross, A Rinsland, CP Robert, O Sams, RL Smith, MAH Tashkun, SA Tyuterev, VG TI Methane line parameters in HITRAN SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE methane; database; line parameters; CH3D ID PRESSURE-SHIFT COEFFICIENTS; AIR-BROADENED WIDTH; BAND Q-BRANCH; NU(3) BAND; GROUND-STATE; TETRAHEDRAL MOLECULES; VIBRATIONAL POLYADS; ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MU-M AB Two editions of the methane line parameters (line positions, intensities and broadening coefficients) available from HITRAN in 2000 and 2001 are described., In both versions, the spectral interval covered was the same (from 0.01 to 6184.5 cm(-1)), but the database increased from 48,033 transitions in 2000 to 211,465 lines in 2001 because weaker transitions of (CH4)-C-12 and new bands of (CH4)-C-13 and CH3D were included. The newer list became available in 2001 in the "Update" section of HITRAN. The sources of information are described, and the prospects for future improvements are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Bourgogne, Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 5027, F-21078 Dijon, France. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys Chem, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Lab Theoret Spectroscopy, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Alpine Technol, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Reims, UFR Sci, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, UMR N6089,CNRS, F-51687 Reims, France. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mailstop 183-601, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov RI Champion, Jean-Paul/C-3963-2009; Nikitin, Andrei/K-2624-2013; Tashkun, Sergey/E-8682-2014; Mellau, Georg Christopher/A-8886-2017 OI Nikitin, Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096; Mellau, Georg Christopher/0000-0001-8209-5733 NR 98 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 219 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00155-9 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 711KG UT WOS:000184738800011 ER PT J AU Kleiner, I Tarrago, G Cottaz, C Sagui, L Brown, LR Poynter, RL Pickett, HM Chen, P Pearson, JC Sams, RL Blake, GA Matsuura, S Nemtchinov, V Varanasi, P Fusina, L Di Lonardo, G AF Kleiner, I Tarrago, G Cottaz, C Sagui, L Brown, LR Poynter, RL Pickett, HM Chen, P Pearson, JC Sams, RL Blake, GA Matsuura, S Nemtchinov, V Varanasi, P Fusina, L Di Lonardo, G TI NH3 and PH3 line parameters: the 2000 HITRAN update and new results SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE ammonia; phosphine; molecular parameters; database ID MICROWAVE 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; LASER STARK SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSION-ROTATION SPECTRA; SUB-DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY; FAR-INFRARED-SPECTRUM; ISO-SWS OBSERVATIONS; 10 MU-M; GROUND-STATE; VIBRATIONAL SYSTEM; HETERODYNE MEASUREMENTS AB This paper describes the improvements incorporated into the 2000 version of the HITRAN database for ammonia (NH3), as well as newer results for phosphine (PH3) not included in HITRAN 2000. For ammonia the HITRAN 2000 database contains some 29084 ammonia lines, more than double the number of lines in HITRAN 1996. Specifically, the 2000 update involved replacing pure-rotational and infrared transitions from 0 to 3700 cm(-1) with new calculations for the (NH3)-N-14 isotopomer, whereas in the 4000 to 5300 cm(-1) region, parameters from the 1996 database were retained. The rotational quantum number range for line positions, intensities and line broadening parameters updated in this new HITRAN version goes up to J = 22, 15, 13 and 10 in the 8-1000 mum, 5 mum, 4 mum and 2.8-3.3 mum spectral regions respectively. For phosphine, a new database from 770 to 2156 cm(-1) available for future updates is described and contrasted with parameters in HITRAN 2000. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. RP Kleiner, I (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, Batiment 350, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI Chen, Pin/B-1112-2008 OI Chen, Pin/0000-0003-1195-9666 NR 97 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 293 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00159-6 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 711KG UT WOS:000184738800015 ER PT J AU Devi, VM Benner, DC Smith, MAH Rinsland, CP Sharpe, SW Sams, RL AF Devi, VM Benner, DC Smith, MAH Rinsland, CP Sharpe, SW Sams, RL TI A multispectrum analysis of the v(1) band of (HCN)-C-12-N-14: Part I. Intensities, self-broadening and self-shift coefficients SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE HCN; HCN v(1) band; infrared spectra; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; absolute intensity; broadening and shifts ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTRA; INTEGRATED-INTENSITIES; INFRARED MEASUREMENTS; OVERTONE TRANSITIONS; ABSOLUTE INTENSITY; LASER BANDS; HCN; REGION; CM-1; TEMPERATURE AB The infrared spectrum of HCN in the region between 3150 and 3450 cm(-1) has been recorded at 0.005 and 0.008 cm(-1) resolution using two different Fourier transform spectrometers, the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory (on Kitt Peak) and the Bruker-120HR Fourier transform spectrometer situated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at Richland, Washington. Room temperature measurements were made of positions, absolute intensities, self-broadening and self-shift coefficients for individual lines belonging to the HCN vi band centered near 3311 cm(-1). These are to our knowledge the first extensive set of self-broadening and self shift, measurements in the band. In addition, intensities, self-broadening and self-shift coefficients for several lines of the v(1) + v(2)(1) - v(2)(1) hot band and several intensities for lines in the (HCN)-C-13-N-14 and (HCN)-C-12-N-15 isotopomers were also determined. A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting algorithm was used to fit the entire spectral region covering the 3200-3400 cm(-1) region of up to 27 spectra simultaneously. The measured line intensities in the v(1) band were further analyzed to derive the vibrational band intensity and the Herman-Wallis coefficients. Differences in line intensities between 5 and 10% are found with respect to present measurements and the values given in the HITRAN database for m values beyond 25 in the P branch and 5 in the R branch. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Benner, DC (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 319 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00161-4 PG 23 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 711KG UT WOS:000184738800017 ER PT J AU Rinsland, CP Devi, VM Smith, MAH Benner, DC Sharpe, SW Sams, RL AF Rinsland, CP Devi, VM Smith, MAH Benner, DC Sharpe, SW Sams, RL TI A multispectrum analysis of the v(1) band of (HCN)-C-12-N-14: Part II. Air- and N-2-broadening, shifts and their temperature dependences SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE hydrogen cyanide; infrared spectra; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; DIODE-LASER MEASUREMENTS; FREE TROPOSPHERIC CO; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; OVERTONE TRANSITIONS; HCN; C2H6; CM-1; COEFFICIENTS AB Air- and N-2-broadening, air- and N-2-pressure-induced shift coefficients and the temperature dependence exponent of the broadening coefficients and the temperature dependent coefficient of pressure-induced shifts have been determined for transitions of the v(1) band of (HCN)-C-12-N-14 from 39 laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.005 and 0.008 cm(-1) resolutions with two different Fourier transform spectrometers. The parameters were retrieved from the multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fits to the 3200-3400 cm(-1) region of spectra recorded at temperatures between +26degreesC and -60degreesC. Pure samples of HCN in a 19.95 cell and a 0.958 cm cell at room temperature as well as lean mixtures of HCN in N-2 or dry air in a coolable cell with a 50 cm absorption path were used in the experiments. Line parameters for N-2 broadening were determined by fitting 27 spectra simultaneously while air-broadening parameters were quantified from simultaneous fits to 22 spectra. The average ratio and the standard deviation of the room-temperature air- to N-2-broadening coefficient of lines with assignments between P(29) and R(28) are 0.904 +/- 0.001. Pressure-induced shift coefficients at 296 K are all negative with values between 0 and similar to -0.006 cm(-1) atm(-1) and different rotational dependences in the P-and R-branches. Differences between our results, previous measurements and the parameters that are reported in the 2000 edition of HITRAN (HIgh-resolution TRANsmission) database are quantified and discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rinsland, CP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 401A,21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 343 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00162-6 PG 20 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 711KG UT WOS:000184738800018 ER PT J AU Chackerian, C Sharpe, SW Blake, TA AF Chackerian, C Sharpe, SW Blake, TA TI Anhydrous nitric acid integrated absorption cross sections: 820-5300 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE nitric acid; band intensities; absorption cross sections ID TUNABLE DIODE-LASER; RESOLUTION SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; LINE POSITIONS; HNO3; BAND; CM-1; INTENSITIES; LINESTRENGTHS; PARAMETERS AB Fourier transform infrared absorbance measurements of small aliquots of anhydrous nitric acid were used to determine regional, integrated cross sections at 278.2, 298.22 and 323.15 K. Spectra were recorded with pressure broadened samples (I atmosphere nitrogen), in a 20 cm path length cell at a spectral resolution of 0.112 cm(-1). Spectral regions measured include the vibrational bands: v(1) (similar to 3552 cm(-1)), v(2) (similar to 1710 cm(-1)), v(3), v(4) (similar to 1320 cm(-1)), and v(5), 2v(9) (similar to 890 cm(-1)) and regions of weaker absorption between 820 and 5300 cm(-1). We observe expected changes in the distribution of rovibrational intensities with temperature, but to the accuracy of our measurements, cross-sections integrated over entire vibrational bands are independent of temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chackerian, C (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 429 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00168-7 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 711KG UT WOS:000184738800024 ER PT J AU Rinsland, CP Sharpe, SW Sams, RL AF Rinsland, CP Sharpe, SW Sams, RL TI Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections in the thermal infrared bands Of SF5CF3 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE global warming; absorption cross-section; infrared spectroscopy ID GREENHOUSE-GAS; SPECTRUM; CF3SF5; SF6 AB Absorption cross-sections have been measured at five temperatures between 213 and 323 K in the infrared bands of SF5CF3. The spectra were recorded at a resolution of 0.112 cm(-1) using a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a 20 cm temperature-controlled sample cell. Samples of SF5CF3 were pressurized with high-purity nitrogen to a total pressure of 1013.3 hPa (760 Torr). Six or more spectra with varying SF5CF3 column amounts were analyzed at each temperature. The full spectral range of the measurements was 520-6500 cm(-1), with only weak bands observed beyond 1400 cm(-1). Absorption of thermal radiation in the 8-12 mum atmospheric window region being important for climate change, we report here the integrated cross-sections of the significant absorption bands in that spectral region. Our results closely match room temperature values reported previously. Only small variation of the integrated absorption cross-sections with temperature was found. Our results confirm the accuracy of the previous measurements, which find SF5CF3 important for global climate change on a per molecule basis. Absorption cross-sections derived from a single, near Doppler-limited spectrum recorded at room temperature do not show any rotational fine structure in the 700-950 cm(-1) region. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rinsland, CP (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, 21 Langley Blvd,Mail Stop 401 A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 82 IS 1-4 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00172-9 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 711KG UT WOS:000184738800028 ER PT J AU White, JM Muller, SJ AF White, JM Muller, SJ TI Experimental studies on the effect of viscous heating on the hydrodynamic stability of viscoelastic Taylor-Couette flow SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENTLY ROTATING CYLINDERS; ELASTIC INSTABILITIES; POLYMER-SOLUTION; FLUID RHEOLOGY; SHEAR-FLOW; COMPUTATION; TRANSITION; ENERGETICS; MECHANISM; REGIMES AB Experimental results on the hydrodynamic stability of three dilute polymer solutions (polyisobutylene-based Boger fluids) in Taylor-Couette flow are presented. We demonstrate that viscous heating causes significant destabilization relative to the isothermal viscoelastic case, and we quantify the effect of viscous heating on the critical conditions. Experiments in which the shear rate was stepped to a steady value indicate that the onset time for instability scales with the product of the polymeric relaxation time and the time for the fluid to reach a steady temperature profile under the influence of viscous heating. This time scale was used to perform quasistatic ramp tests to determine the critical Deborah number (De) as a function of the Nahme number, or the magnitude of viscous heating. At low Nahme and Peclet numbers, the critical De remains essentially constant and the disturbance flow is nonaxisymmetric and oscillatory. As the Nahme number (Na) and Peclet number (Pe) are increased, the disturbance flow changes to an axisymmetric and stationary vortex flow similar to Taylor vortices, and the critical De decreases dramatically. At Pe approximate to 108 000 and Na approximate to 0.1, corresponding to a maximum temperature increase in the gap of 1.6 K, the critical Deborah number decreases to a value that is 12% of the plateau value of De, observed at low Na and Pe. These observations are in agreement with linear stability predictions by Al-Mubaiyedh and co-workers (1999, 2000) of viscoelastic Taylor-Couette flow for a multimode Oldroyd-B fluid in which viscous heating is present. (C) 2003 The Society of Rheology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muller, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1492 DI 10.1122/1.1621423 PG 26 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 740ME UT WOS:000186405500010 ER PT J AU Berg, DE AF Berg, DE TI A message from the associate editor SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Berg, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 375 EP 375 DI 10.1115/1.1629753 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900001 ER PT J AU Stol, KA Balas, MJ AF Stol, KA Balas, MJ TI Periodic disturbance accommodating control for blade load mitigation in wind turbines SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Performance of a model-based periodic gain controller for wind turbines is presented using Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC) techniques to estimate fluctuating wind disturbances. The control objective is to regulate rotor speed at above-rated wind speeds while mitigating cyclic blade root loads. Actuation is via individual blade pitch, and sensors are limited to rotor angle and speed. The modeled turbine is a two-bladed, downwind machine with simple blade and tower flexibility having four degrees of freedom. Comparisons are made to a time-invariant DAC controller and to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) design. Simulations are performed using a fluctuating wind input and a nonlinear turbine model. Results indicate that the state-space control designs are effective in reducing blade loads without a sacrifice in speed regulation. The periodic controller shows the most potential because it uses a time-varying turbine model to estimate unmeasured states. The use of additional sensors to help reconstruct the blade flap rate can significantly improve the level of load attenuation, as witnessed in full-state feedback results. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stol, KA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Stol, Karl/0000-0002-1661-167X NR 15 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1115/1.1621672 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900002 ER PT J AU Wright, AD Balas, MJ AF Wright, AD Balas, MJ TI Design of state-space-based control algorithms for wind turbine speed regulation SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Control can improve the performance of wind turbines by enhancing energy capture and reducing dynamic loads. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, we are beginning to design control algorithms for regulation of turbine speed and power using state-space control designs. In this paper, we describe the design of such a control algorithm for regulation of rotor speed in full-load operation (Region 3) for a two-bladed wind turbine. We base our control design on simple linear models of a turbine, which contain rotor and generator rotation, drive train torsion, rotor flap (first mode only), and tower fore-aft degrees of freedom (DOFs). Wind-speed fluctuations are accounted for using Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC). We show the capability of these control schemes to stabilize the modeled turbine modes via pole placement, while using state estimation to reduce the number of turbine measurements that are needed for these algorithms. These controllers are incorporated into a simulation code and simulated for various conditions. Finally, conclusions to this work and future studies are outlined. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wright, AD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 386 EP 395 DI 10.1115/1.1621673 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900003 ER PT J AU Stol, KA AF Stol, KA TI Disturbance tracking control and blade load mitigation for variable-speed wind turbines SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A composite linear state-space controller was developed for a multi-objective problem in the variable-speed operation of wind turbines. Disturbance Tracking Control theory was applied to the design of a torque controller to optimize energy capture under the influence of persistent wind disturbances. A limitation in the theory for common multi-state models is described; this led to the design of a complementary pitch controller The goal of the independent blade pitch design was to minimize blade root fatigue loads. A SymDyn model of a two-bladed, 600-kW machine was used for the simulation studies. Results indicate a 24% reduction in blade fatigue damage using the proposed controllers, compared to a conventional torque-only design. However energy capture was not improved as much as expected, partly due to nonlinearity effects degrading the performance of the state-space estimator design. Tower base fatigue damage was shown to decrease significantly using active pitch. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stol, KA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Stol, Karl/0000-0002-1661-167X NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1115/1.1628678 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900004 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP AF Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP TI Dynamic simulation of a wind farm with variable-speed wind turbines SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Wind power generation has increased very rapidly in the past few years. The total U.S. wind power capacity by the end of 2002 was 4,685 megawatts. As wind power capacity increases, it becomes increasingly important to study the impact of wind farm output on the surrounding power networks. In this paper we attempt to simulate a wind farm by including the properties of the wind turbine, the wind speed time series, the characteristics of surrounding power network, and reactive power compensation. Mechanical stress and fatigue load of the wind turbine components are beyond the scope this paper The paper emphasizes the impact of the wind farms on the electrical side of the power network. We investigate a typical wind farm with variable-speed wind turbines connected to an existing power grid. We also examine different control strategies for feeding wind energy into the power network and present the advantages and disadvantages. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 410 EP 417 DI 10.1115/1.1621674 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900006 ER PT J AU Schreck, S Robinson, M AF Schreck, S Robinson, M TI Boundary layer state and flow field structure underlying rotational augmentation of blade aerodynamic response SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Blade rotation routinely and significantly augments aerodynamic forces during zero yaw horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) operation. To better understand the flow physics underlying this phenomenon, time dependent blade surface pressure data were acquired from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment (UAE), a full-scale HAWT tested in the NASA Ames 80-by-120-foot wind tunnel. Time records of surface pressures and normal force were processed to obtain means and standard deviations. Surface pressure means and standard deviations were analyzed to identify boundary layer separation and shear layer impingement locations. Separation and impingement kinematics were then correlated with normal force behavior. Results showed that rotational augmentation was linked to specific separation and impingement behaviors, and to associated three-dimensionality in surface pressure distributions. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Appl Res Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schreck, S (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Appl Res Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 448 EP 456 DI 10.1115/1.1624087 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900011 ER PT J AU Griffin, DA Ashwill, TD AF Griffin, DA Ashwill, TD TI Alternative composite materials for megawatt-scale wind turbine blades: Design considerations and recommended testing SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Partnerships for Advanced Component Technologies program, Global Energy Concepts LLC (GEC) is performing a study concerning blades for wind turbines in the multi-megawatt range. Earlier in this project constraints to cost-effective scaling-up of the current commercial blade designs and manufacturing methods were identified, and candidate innovations in composite materials, manufacturing processes and structural configurations were assessed. In the present work, preliminary structural designs are developed for hybrid carbon fiber/fiberglass blades at system ratings of 3.0 and 5.0 MW. Structural performance is evaluated for various arrangements of the carbon blade spar and critical performance aspects of the carbon material and blade structure are discussed. Recommendations are made for new testing of composite coupons and blade sub-structure to address the technical uncertainties identified in this work. C1 Global Energy Concepts LLC, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, DA (reprint author), Global Energy Concepts LLC, 5729 Lakeview Dr NE,Suite 100, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 515 EP 521 DI 10.1115/1.1629750 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900018 ER PT J AU Pandey, MD Sutherland, HJ AF Pandey, MD Sutherland, HJ TI Probabilistic analysis of LIST data for the estimation of extreme design loads for wind turbine components SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WEIGHTED MOMENTS; ORDER-STATISTICS AB The robust estimation of wind turbine design loads for service lifetimes of 30 to 50 years that are based on limited field measurements is a challenging problem. Estimating the long-term load distribution involves the integration of conditional distributions of extreme loads over the mean wind speed and turbulence intensity distributions. However the accuracy of the statistical extrapolation can be sensitive to both model and sampling errors. Using measured inflow and structural data from the Long Term Inflow and Structural Test (LIST) program, this paper presents a comparative assessment of extreme loads using three distributions: namely, the Gumbel, Weibull and Generalized Extreme Value distributions. The paper uses L-moments, in place of traditional product moments, with the purpose of reducing the sampling error. The paper discusses the effects of modeling and sampling errors and highlights the practical limitations of extreme value theory. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pandey, MD (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Civil Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1115/1.1626128 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900020 ER PT J AU Nelson, LD Manuel, L Sutherland, HJ Veers, PS AF Nelson, LD Manuel, L Sutherland, HJ Veers, PS TI Statistical analysis of wind turbine inflow and structural response data from the LIST program SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The Long-Term Inflow and Structural Test (LIST) program is gathering inflow and structural response data on a modified version of the Micon 65/13 wind turbine at a test site near Bushland, Texas. Data from 491 ten-minute time data records are analyzed here to determine the dependency of fatigue and extreme loads on inflow parameters. Flap and edge bending moment ranges at a blade root are chosen as the structural response variable, z. Various parameters related to the inflow (including, for example, primary parameters such as the mean and standard deviation of the hub-height horizontal wind speed, and secondary parameters such as Reynolds stresses, vertical shear exponent, etc.) are each considered in an inflow parameter vector, x. Time series for the structural response, z, are processed in order to obtain a structural response parameter, y, where in separate statistical studies, y is taken to be either an equivalent fatigue load or an extreme load. This study describes a procedure by which the important "dependencies" of y on the various variables contained in the inflow parameter vector x, may be determined considering all the available data. These dependencies of y on x are then recomputed using only the data with above-rated mean wind speeds (taken to be approximately 13 m/s). The procedure employed is similar to other studies, but we do not bin the data sets by wind speed since dependencies in one wind speed bin may be different from those in other bins. Also, our procedure, in sharp contrast to previous studies, examines each inflow parameter in the vector, x, in a sequential analysis, rather than by using multivariate regression. Results from the present study suggest that the primary inflow parameters have a small amount of predictive power in establishing fatigue and extreme loads. In addition, large correlations that exist between several of the secondary parameters individually and each of the primary parameters make it difficult for the secondary parameters to provide any additional explanation of turbine response once the primary parameters have been accounted for. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Wind Energy Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nelson, LD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Civil Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Manuel, Lance/J-7884-2012 OI Manuel, Lance/0000-0002-0602-3014 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 541 EP 550 DI 10.1115/1.1627831 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900021 ER PT J AU Wan, YH Milligan, M Parsons, B AF Wan, YH Milligan, M Parsons, B TI Output power correlation between adjacent wind power plants SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) started a project in 2000 to record long-term, high-frequency (1-Hz) wind power data from large commercial wind power plants in the Midwestern United States. Outputs from about 330 MW of installed wind generating capacity from wind power plants in Lake Benton, MN, and Storm Lake, Iowa, are being recorded. Analysis of the collected data shows that although very short-term wind power fluctuations are stochastic, the persistent nature of wind and the large number of turbines in a wind power plant tend to limit the magnitude of fluctuations and rate of change in wind power production. Analyses of power data confirms that spatial separation of turbines greatly reduces variations in their combined wind power output when compared to the output of a single wind power plant. Data show that high-frequency variations of wind power from two wind power plants 200 km apart are independent of each other but low-frequency power changes can be highly correlated. This fact suggests that time-synchronized power data and meteorological data can aid in the development of statistical models for wind power forecasting. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wan, YH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2003 VL 125 IS 4 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1115/1.1626127 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 754HW UT WOS:000187310900022 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, P Holden, TM Rogge, RB Griffith, ML AF Rangaswamy, P Holden, TM Rogge, RB Griffith, ML TI Residual stresses in components formed by the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS (R)) process SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; thermal stresses; laser-engineered net shaping ID STAINLESS-STEEL; METAL AB The residual stress distributions in two laser-engineered net shaping (LENS(R)) samples were mapped by neutron diffraction. The samples took the form of a thin wall and a pillar of square cross-section. Stresses were measured in the three orthogonal symmetry directions of the parts, parallel and perpendicular to the growth direction. Surprisingly, over most of the bulk of the samples the stress was uniaxial and directed along the growth axis, with compression in the centre of the samples and tension at the edges. The magnitudes of the maximum residual stresses were significant fractions (50 and 80 per cent for the thin wall and pillar respectively) of the 0.2 per cent yield point. The origin of the residual stress distributions is discussed qualitatively in terms of the thermal histories of the samples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, ESA, WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rangaswamy, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, ESA, WR, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 22 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 38 IS 6 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1243/030932403770735881 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 750QN UT WOS:000187008500003 ER PT J AU Berntson, A Stojanoff, V Takai, H AF Berntson, A Stojanoff, V Takai, H TI Application of a neural network in high-throughput protein crystallography SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; neural networks; protein crystallography AB High-throughput protein crystallography requires the automation of multiple steps used in the protein structure determination. One crucial step is to find and monitor the crystal quality on the basis of its diffraction pattern. It is often time-consuming to scan protein crystals when selecting a good candidate for exposure. The use of neural networks for this purpose is explored. A dynamic neural network algorithm to achieve a fast convergence and high-speed image recognition has been developed. On the test set a 96% success rate in identifying properly the quality of the crystal has been achieved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stojanoff, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [Y1GM-0080-02] NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1107/S0909049503020855 PN 6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 730HX UT WOS:000185826300007 PM 14551445 ER PT J AU Heyliger, PR Ledbetter, H Kim, S Reimanis, L AF Heyliger, PR Ledbetter, H Kim, S Reimanis, L TI Elastic constants of layers in isotropic laminates SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREE-VIBRATION; COMPOSITE AB The individual laminae elastic constants in multilayer laminates composed of dissimilar isotropic layers were determined using ultrasonic-resonance spectroscopy and the linear theory of elasticity. Ultrasonic resonance allows one to measure the free-vibration response spectrum of a traction-free solid under periodic vibration. These frequencies depend on pointwise density, laminate dimensions, layer thickness, and layer elastic constants. Given a material with known mass but unknown constitution, this method allows one to extract the elastic constants and density of the constituent layers. This is accomplished by measuring the frequencies and then minimizing the differences between these and those calculated using the theory of elasticity for layered media to select the constants that best replicate the frequency-response spectrum. This approach is applied to a three-layer, unsymmetric laminate of WpCu, and very good agreement is found with the elastic constants of the two constituent materials. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heyliger, PR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2618 EP 2625 DI 10.1121/1.1618754 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 741YZ UT WOS:000186489100009 PM 14649998 ER PT J AU Mobley, J Waters, KR Miller, JG AF Mobley, J Waters, KR Miller, JG TI Finite-bandwidth effects on the causal prediction of ultrasonic attenuation of the power-law form SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS; SUSPENSIONS AB Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations exist as a consequence of causality, placing nonlocal constraints on the relationship between dispersion and absorption. The finite-bandwidth method of applying these relations is examined. where the K-K integrals are restricted to the spectrum of the experimental data. These finite-bandwidth K-K relations are known to work with resonant-type data and here are applied to dispersion data consistent with a power-law attenuation coefficient (exponent from 1 to 2). Bandwidth-restricted forms of the zero and once-subtracted K-K relations are used to determine the attenuation coefficient from phase velocity. Analytically, it is shown that these transforms produce the proper power-law form of the attenuation coefficient as a stand-alone term summed with artifacts that are dependent on the integration, limits. Calculations are performed to demonstrate how these finite-bandwidth artifacts affect the K-K predictions under a variety of conditions. The predictions are studied in a local context as a function of subtraction frequency, bandwidth, and power-law exponent. The K-K predictions of the power-law exponent within various decades of the spectrum are also examined. In general, the agreement between finite-bandwidth K-K predictions and exact values grows as the power-law exponent approaches 1 and with increasing bandwidth. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Univ, Lab Ultrason, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Mobley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R37 HL40302] NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2782 EP 2790 DI 10.1121/1.1621394 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 741YZ UT WOS:000186489100024 PM 14650013 ER PT J AU Wagh, AS Jeong, SY AF Wagh, AS Jeong, SY TI Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics: I, A dissolution model of formation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CEMENTS; MAGNESIA AB This is the first of three papers in which the kinetics of formation of chemically bonded phosphate ceramics is discussed. A literature survey indicates that the formation of such ceramics is a three-step process. First, oxides dissolve in a phosphoric acid or an acid phosphate solution and metal ions are released into the solution. The aquoions formed from these cations then react with phosphate anions and form a gel of metal hydrophosphates. In the last step, the saturated gel crystallizes into a ceramic. In this paper, we have proposed that the dissolution is the controlling step and developed a general dissolution model of the kinetics of formation of these ceramics. As an example, the model is used to discuss the kinetics of formation of magnesium phosphate ceramics in detail. In the second and third papers, the model has been used to develop processes to form ceramics of alumina and iron oxides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wagh, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 28 TC 69 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 22 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1838 EP 1844 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03569.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 742KJ UT WOS:000186515700002 ER PT J AU Wagh, AS Grover, S Jeong, SY AF Wagh, AS Grover, S Jeong, SY TI Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics: II, warm-temperature process for alumina ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This is the second of three papers on a dissolution model that describes the formation of chemically bonded phosphate ceramics. In this paper, we discuss the kinetics of formation of aluminum phosphate ceramics between 100degrees and 150degreesC. Using basic thermodynamic formulations, we calculated the temperatures of maximum solubility of alumina and its hydrated phases and predicted the temperatures of formation of ceramics. Differential thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses on samples made in the laboratory confirm these temperatures. The resulting ceramics of alumina bonded with aluminum phosphate (berlinite) show a high compressive strength of 16 000 psi. We have concluded that rapid evaporation of excess water in the slurry generates porosity in the ceramics, and that better processing methods are needed. A consolidation model is presented that describes the microstructure of the ceramic. It predicts that a very small amount of alumina must be converted to form the bonding phase; hence, the product is mostly alumina with a thin coating of berlinite on the surface of alumina particles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wagh, AS (reprint author), Andrews Environm Engn Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46220 USA. OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1845 EP 1849 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03570.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 742KJ UT WOS:000186515700003 ER PT J AU Wagh, AS Jeong, SY AF Wagh, AS Jeong, SY TI Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics: III, reduction mechanism and its application to iron phosphate ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFICIATION; MACHINING WASTES; SWARF AB In this, the last of a series of three papers, we discuss a method of forming iron phosphate ceramics by a reduction process. We report the formation of iron oxide ceramics by reducing hematite with iron in a phosphoric acid solution. The reaction results in a rapid-setting ceramic (at room temperature) with a compressive strength of 3700 psi and a density of 1.7 g/cm(3). Although the exact mineral form of the binder is difficult to determine because it is mostly amorphous and hence is not amenable to X-ray diffraction analyses, this material is expected to consist of iron hydrophosphates. The reduction process is very useful in recycling several industrial wastes that are rich in hematite, including iron mine tailings, red mud (a caustic waste from the alumina industry), and machining swarfs. Formation of ceramics with red mud and swarfs is also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wagh, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Wagh, Arun/0000-0002-8678-7574 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1850 EP 1855 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03571.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 742KJ UT WOS:000186515700004 ER PT J AU Opitz, MR Albertsen, K Beeson, JJ Hennings, DF Routbort, JL Randall, CA AF Opitz, MR Albertsen, K Beeson, JJ Hennings, DF Routbort, JL Randall, CA TI Kinetic process of reoxidation of base metal technology BaTiO3-based multilayer capacitors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DC-ELECTRICAL DEGRADATION; RARE-EARTH CATIONS; RESISTANCE DEGRADATION; CERAMIC CAPACITORS; DIELECTRIC MATERIALS; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; DOPED BATIO3; ELECTRODES; CONDUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERES AB Base metal technology, mainly using Ni electrodes in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), is now well established. This technology requires a so-called reoxidation treatment after sintering the MLCCs in a reducing atmosphere to guarantee a sufficient electrical reliability. Large numbers of electrodes, and production of physically larger components for high-voltage components, are two technological trends that make the control of the reoxidation process rather difficult. The reoxidation process has been studied to determine oxygen diffusion pathways into commercial MLCCs, using O-18 tracer diffusion and finite element calculations. In MLCCs oxygen diffusion mainly occurs along the Ni electrodes. Furthermore, the reoxidation process is mostly controlled by the thermodynamic potential of the Ni/NiO equilibrium in the interior of the capacitor, but it is the short circuit diffusion along the interface of the electrode that controls the kinetics of the oxygen transport into the interior of the capacitor device. C1 Penn State Univ, Ctr Dielect Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ferro Elect Mat BV, NL-5405 PB Uden, Netherlands. Kemet Elect Corp, Fountain Inn, SC 29644 USA. Philips Res Labs, Aachen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Opitz, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Ctr Dielect Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. OI Randall, Clive/0000-0002-5478-2699 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1879 EP 1884 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03576.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 742KJ UT WOS:000186515700009 ER PT J AU Van Stipdonk, M Anbalagan, V Chien, W Gresham, G Groenewold, G Hanna, D AF Van Stipdonk, M Anbalagan, V Chien, W Gresham, G Groenewold, G Hanna, D TI Elucidation of the collision induced dissociation pathways of water and alcohol coordinated complexes containing the uranyl cation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; ACTINIDE ALKOXIDE CHEMISTRY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE ACIDITIES; MOLECULE REACTIONS; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; DIOXOURANIUM(VI) ION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METAL-COMPLEXES; URANIUM AB Multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the dissociation pathways for complexes composed of (1) the uranyl ion, (2) nitrate or hydroxide, and (3) water or alcohol. The complex ions were derived from electrospray ionization (ESI) of solutions of uranyl nitrate in H2O or mixtures of H2O and alcohol. In general, collisional induced dissociation (CID) of the uranyl complexes resulted in elimination of coordinating water and alcohol ligands. For undercoordinated complexes containing nitrate and one or two coordinating alcohol molecules, the elimination of nitric acid was observed, leaving an ion pair composed of the uranyl cation and an alkoxide. For complexes with coordinating water molecules, MSn led to the generation of either [UO22+OH-] or [UO22+NO3-]. Subsequent CID of [UO22+OH-] produced UO2+. The base peak in the spectrum generated by the dissociation of [UO22+NO3-], however, was an H2O adduct to UO2+. The abundance of the species was greater than expected based on previous experimental measurements of the (slow) hydration rate for UO2+ when stored in the ion trap. To account for the production of the hydrated product, a reductive elimination reaction involving reactive collisions with water in the ion trap is proposed. (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Kansas Wesleyan Univ, Dept Chem, Salina, KS USA. RP Van Stipdonk, M (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1205 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00531-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 739ZD UT WOS:000186375700001 PM 14597110 ER PT J AU Tolmachev, AV Vilkov, AN Pasa-Tolic, L Udseth, HR Smith, RD AF Tolmachev, AV Vilkov, AN Pasa-Tolic, L Udseth, HR Smith, RD TI Suppression of the lower charge state ions in the external accumulation RF multipole with a reduced trapping DC potential SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GUIDES; RATIO AB Radio frequency (RF) multipoles are increasingly used in mass spectrometry as two-dimensional ion traps for ion accumulation and preselection. It was reported recently that ions having lower charge states, in particular singly charged ions, can be efficiently removed from such an ion trap when reduced DC trapping voltages are applied. This procedure can be useful for removing singly charged species contributing chemical noise to mass spectra of complex biomolecular samples, e.g., solvent contaminants in LC-MS or relatively low MW ampholytes in CIEF-MS experiments. We consider a physical mechanism and derive relationships that provide a quantitative description for the low charge state ejection phenomenon. Experimental conditions for the efficient discrimination against lower charge states are evaluated. Initial experimental observations reported are in agreement with the theoretical treatment. (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1229 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00535-X PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 739ZD UT WOS:000186375700003 PM 14597112 ER PT J AU Goeringer, DE AF Goeringer, DE TI Factors influencing the analytical performance of an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source as revealed via ionization dynamics modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRESSURE IONIZATION; ION SOURCES; ELECTRON ATTACHMENT; DETECTION SYSTEM; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS; AIR; EXHAUST AB A kinetic model is developed for the dynamic events occurring within an atmospheric sampling glow discharge that affect its performance as an ion source for analytical mass spectrometry. The differential equations incorporate secondary electron generation and thermalization, reagent and analyte ion formation via electron capture and ion-molecule reactions, ion loss via recombination processes, diffusion, and ion-molecule reactions with matrix components, and the sampling and pumping parameters of the source. Because the ion source has a flow-through configuration, the number densities of selected species can be estimated by applying the steady-state assumption. However, understanding of its operation is aided by knowledge of the dynamic behavior, so numerical methods are applied to examine the time dependence of those species as well. As in other plasma ionization sources, the ionization efficiency is essentially determined by the ratio of the relevant ion formation and recombination rates. Although thermal electron and positive reagent ion number densities are comparable, the electron capture/ion-molecule reaction rate coefficient ratio is normally quite large and the ion-electron recombination rate coefficient is about an order of magnitude greater than that for ion-ion recombination. Consequently, the efficiency for negative analyte ion formation via electron capture is generally superior to that for. positive analyte ion generation via ion-molecule reaction. However, the efficiency for positive analyte ion formation should be equal to or better than that for negative analyte ions when both ionization processes occur via ion-molecule reaction processes (with comparable rate coefficients), since the negative reagent ion density is considerably less than that for positive reagent ions. Furthermore, the particularly high number densities of thermal electrons and reagent ions leads to a large dynamic range of linear response for the source. Simulation results also suggest that analyte ion number densities might be enhanced by modification of the standard physical and operating parameters of the source. (C) 2003 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goeringer, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Bldg 4500-S,MS 6131, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1315 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00575-0 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 739ZD UT WOS:000186375700013 PM 14597122 ER PT J AU Qiu, SR Wierzbicki, A Orme, CA Cody, AM Hoyer, JR Nancollas, GH Zepeda, S De Yoreo, JJ AF Qiu, SR Wierzbicki, A Orme, CA Cody, AM Hoyer, JR Nancollas, GH Zepeda, S De Yoreo, JJ TI Molecular modulation of calcium oxalate crystallization by osteopontin and citrate. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Amherst, NY USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1725 I ST, NW STE 510, WASHINGTON, DC 20006 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 22A EP 22A PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219100100 ER PT J AU Gascard, P Liou, A Puttini, S Calinisan, V Han, BG Mohandas, N Jaisser, F Blot-Chabaud, M AF Gascard, P Liou, A Puttini, S Calinisan, V Han, BG Mohandas, N Jaisser, F Blot-Chabaud, M TI A Met-Thr-Pro motif conserved in protein 4.1 and tumor suppressor merlin FERM domain confers upon cytoskeletal protein CAN its anti-proliferative property in the rat cortical collecting duct cell line RCCD1. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY NOV 12-17, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Nephrol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Paris 07, INSERM, U478, Paris, France. New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Blot-Chabaud, Marcel/D-4064-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 SU S BP 339A EP 340A PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 737FE UT WOS:000186219101573 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JK AF Lundquist, JK TI Intermittent and elliptical inertial oscillations in the atmospheric boundary layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION; WIND-STRUCTURE VARIATIONS; LOW-LEVEL JET; DEFORMATION FRONTOGENESIS; HILBERT SPECTRUM; MIGRATING BIRDS; NOCTURNAL JET; PROFILER DATA; TURBULENCE; DISPERSION AB As a convective boundary layer over land decays in the late afternoon, the atmosphere responds to the release of turbulent stresses. For many years, this response has been presumed to take the form of an inertial oscillation, a horizontal circulation with a frequency equal to the local Coriolis frequency, though published documentation of inertial oscillations in the atmosphere has been rare. In fact, documentation of inertial oscillations has been more associated with frontal passages than with the evening transition of the atmospheric boundary layer. A month of boundary layer wind profiler data from the Cooperative Atmosphere - Surface Exchange Study-1999 field program is analyzed here with the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), which allows analysis of intermittent, nonstationary, and amplitude-varying wave events. Inertial motions are found in this dataset, but neither the onset times of these inertial motions nor the preferred levels of occurrence are consistent with the evening-transition hypothesis. Rather, significant correlations of inertial motions with frontal passages are observed. The elliptical nature of the observed inertial motions is consistent with amplification by deformation frontogenesis. The HHT is first demonstrated with a 5-day time series of temperature data to illustrate how the technique allows simultaneous identification of the stationary diurnal temperature cycle, as well as intermittent and nonstationary cooling events like frontal passages and density currents. The age of one density current is calculated from its dispersion characteristics, verifying that the density current in question results from rapid cooling near sunset. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lundquist, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 NR 46 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 60 IS 21 BP 2661 EP 2673 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2661:IAEIOI>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 733HU UT WOS:000185994900007 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Twesten, RD Balasubramanian, M Kropf, J Fischer, D McBreen, J Petrov, I Amine, K AF Abraham, DP Twesten, RD Balasubramanian, M Kropf, J Fischer, D McBreen, J Petrov, I Amine, K TI Microscopy and spectroscopy of lithium nickel oxide-based particles used in high power lithium-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; L-EDGE; OXYGEN CONTRIBUTION; OK-EDGE; K-EDGE; BATTERIES; DEINTERCALATION AB Structural and electronic investigations were conducted on lithium nickel oxide-based particles used in positive electrodes of 18650-type high-power Li-ion cells. K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed trivalent Ni and Co ions in the bulk LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 powder used to prepare the high power electrode laminates. Using oxygen K-edge XAS, high resolution electron microscopy, nanoprobe diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we identified a <5 nm thick modified layer on the surface of the oxide particles, which results from the loss of Ni and Li ordering in the layered R<(3)over bar>m structure. This structural change was accompanied by oxygen loss and a lowering of the Ni- and Co-oxidation states in the surface layer. Growth of this surface layer may contribute to the impedance rise observed during accelerated aging of these Li-ion cells. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Petrov, Ivan/D-4910-2011 OI Petrov, Ivan/0000-0002-2955-4897 NR 31 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 7 U2 49 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 150 IS 11 BP A1450 EP A1456 DI 10.1149/1.1613291 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 734HM UT WOS:000186049600008 ER PT J AU Kim, J Liu, J Chen, C Amine, K AF Kim, J Liu, J Chen, C Amine, K TI Material characterization and electrochemical study on LiNi0.95Ti0.05O2 materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTION; BATTERIES; LINIO2; CELLS AB Layered LiNi0.95Ti0.05O2 cathodes were prepared by solid-state reaction and characterized by various techniques. X-ray diffraction shows that the samples have highly ordered and phase-pure layered compounds after heating at 750degreesC in an O-2 atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution analysis reveal that the LiNi0.95Ti0.05O2 material has spherical morphology with particle size of about 12 mum. The LiNi0.95Ti0.05O2 electrodes exhibited large capacity and excellent electrochemical behavior. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the existence of tetravalent titanium as a substituent. Indications are that the structural integrity of the LiNi1-xTixO2 materials was preserved because the Ti4+ ions prevented impurity Ni2+ migration into the lithium sites. Hybrid pulse power characterization testing shows the area specific impedance of 22 Omega cm(2), indicating that the materials could provide more than enough power to level the load on the main engine of the hybrid electric vehicle. Aging tests also show stable impedance values as a function of time (days) at 55 degreesC, which indicates that the battery based on this material could exhibit long calendar life. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kimj@cmt.anl.gov RI Chen, Chunhua/F-5897-2010; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 150 IS 11 BP A1491 EP A1497 DI 10.1149/1.1614797 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 734HM UT WOS:000186049600014 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Vaughey, JT Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM AF Kim, JS Vaughey, JT Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM TI Significance of the tetrahedral a site on the electrochemical performance of substituted Li1.05M0.05Mn1.90O4 spinel electrodes (M = Li, Mg, Zn, Al) in lithium cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION EXTRACTION REACTIONS; ION BATTERIES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CAPACITY RETENTION; CATHODE MATERIALS; LIMN2O4 SPINEL; DRYING METHOD; DIFFRACTION; OXIDES; PHASE AB The electrochemical performance of substituted Li1.05M0.05Mn1.90O4 spinel electrodes (M = Li, Mg, Zn, Al) in lithium cells has been studied as a function of the oxidation states of the M and Mn ions in the parent electrode, and the occupancy of the tetrahedral A sites by the Li and the M ions. At 5% substitution of manganese, neutron diffraction analyses show that the M ions reside at the A sites of the A[B-2]O-4 spinel structure. The electrochemical data showed that at 50 degreesC the rate of capacity fade can be correlated with the M-ion occupancy of the A sites. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is provided. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 150 IS 11 BP A1498 EP A1502 DI 10.1149/1.1614798 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 734HM UT WOS:000186049600015 ER PT J AU Ralph, JM Rossignol, C Kumar, R AF Ralph, JM Rossignol, C Kumar, R TI Cathode materials for reduced-temperature SOFCs SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS AB The progress toward a commercial solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) continues to be a slow struggle due to materials, stacking, and system challenges. One long-term challenge has been the search for suitable cathode materials for use on intermediate (650-800 degreesC) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes and low-temperature (500-650 degreesC) gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO) electrolytes. The present study has identified La(Sr)FeO3 and possibly Pr(Sr)FeO3 as potential cathode materials for YSZ. A La-deficient La(Sr)FeO3 cathode has achieved an area-specific resistance of 0.1 Omega cm(2) at 800 degreesC, with stable long-term performance. On CGO, Pr(Sr)CoO3, Gd(Sr)CoO3, and Sr(Co/Fe)(1.5)O-3.25 have all achieved an area-specific resistance close to 0.1 Omega cm(2) at 650 degreesC, with relatively stable long-term performance, but further reduction in temperature to 600 degreesC is necessary for efficient CGO operation. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ralph, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 8 U2 41 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 150 IS 11 BP A1518 EP A1522 DI 10.1149/1.1617300 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 734HM UT WOS:000186049600018 ER PT J AU Song, SJ Wachsman, ED Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Song, SJ Wachsman, ED Dorris, SE Balachandran, U TI Defect structure and n-type electrical properties of SrCe0.95Eu0.05O3-delta SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PROTONIC CONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC DEFECTS; MIXED CONDUCTORS; HYDROGEN; SRCE0.95YB0.05O3; MEMBRANES AB The effect of defect structure on the electrical conductivity for Eu-doped SrCeO3 was studied in a reducing range of P-H2, P-H2O, P-O2. A defect model was derived and verified by computational simulation against both electrical conductivity data and Brouwer-type defect equilibria. At higher temperatures, part of the conductivity was due to oxygen vacancies and electrons. At low temperature, protonic conduction dominated. The measured total conductivity is proportional to P-O2(-1/8) in the temperature range of 650-750degreesC, and to P-O2(-1/6) at 800degreesC in wet atmospheres, because of a transition from ionic- to electronic-dominant conduction. The results agree with a derived defect model based on the equilibrium equation for the valence change of Eu ions between trivalent and divalent. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 150 IS 11 BP A1484 EP A1490 DI 10.1149/1.1614796 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 734HM UT WOS:000186049600013 ER PT J AU Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J AF Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J TI Frequency spectrum of focused broadband pulses of electromagnetic radiation generated by polarization currents with superluminally rotating distribution patterns SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID NONSPHERICALLY DECAYING PULSES; APERTURES; FASTER AB We investigate the spectral features of the emission from a superluminal polarization current whose distribution pattern rotates (with an angular frequency omega) and oscillates (with a frequency Omega > omega differing from an integral multiple of omega) at the same time. This type of polarization current is found in recent practical machines designed to investigate superluminal emission. Although all of the processes involved are linear, we find that the broadband emission contains frequencies that are higher than Omega by a factor of the order of (Omega/omega)(2). This generation of frequencies not required for the creation of the source stems from mathematically rigorous consequences of the familiar classical expression for the retarded potential. The results suggest practical applications for superluminal polarization currents as broadband radio-frequency and infrared sources. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ardavan, H (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2137 EP 2155 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.20.002137 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 737ER UT WOS:000186217800016 PM 14620342 ER PT J AU Smith, AV Armstrong, DJ Phillips, MC Gehr, RJ Arisholm, G AF Smith, AV Armstrong, DJ Phillips, MC Gehr, RJ Arisholm, G TI Degenerate type I nanosecond optical parametric oscillators SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PATTERN SELECTION; BROAD-BANDWIDTH; QUANTUM-NOISE; FLUCTUATIONS; MODEL AB We present numerical modeling and laboratory studies of degenerate type I nanosecond optical parametric oscillators. Because the signal and idler waves are identical and parametric gain is phase sensitive, their round-trip phase is a critical parameter. We show that signal spectrum, transverse mode, and conversion efficiency are all strongly influenced by this phase. We also examine the influence of signal-wave injection seeding and phase-velocity mismatch. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Norwegian Def Res Estab, Forsvarets Forskningsinst, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2319 EP 2328 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.20.002319 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741CP UT WOS:000186441400011 ER PT J AU Litzgus, JD Hopkins, WA AF Litzgus, JD Hopkins, WA TI Effect of temperature on metabolic rate of the mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide production; Kinosternon subrubrum; oxygen consumption; Q(10); RQ; respiratory quotient; standard metabolic rate; temperature; turtle ID MOTTLED ROCK RATTLESNAKES; NORTHERN POPULATION; THERMAL BIOLOGY; CLEMMYS GUTTATA; REPRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; ECTOTHERMS; DORMANCY; REPTILES; ECOLOGY AB Temperature plays an important role in various aspects of the life history and physiology of ectotherms. We examined the effect of temperature on standard metabolic rate in the mud turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum. We measured O-2 consumption and CO, production at 20degreesC and 30degreesC using a flow through respirometery system. Standard metabolic rate was significantly higher at 30degreesC (9.25 ml O-2/h, 6.35 ml CO2/h) compared to 20degreesC (2.10 ml O-2/h, 1.96 ml CO2/h). The Q(10) value for O-2 was 5.10, and for CO2 was 3.40. Our findings generally agree with those of other studies of metabolism in vertebrate ectotherms. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 28 IS 8 BP 595 EP 600 DI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2003.08.005 PG 6 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 737YQ UT WOS:000186260300009 ER PT J AU Marakhtanov, AM Tuszewski, M Lieberman, MA Chabert, P AF Marakhtanov, AM Tuszewski, M Lieberman, MA Chabert, P TI Stable and unstable behavior of inductively coupled electronegative discharges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID PLASMA DISCHARGES; ATTACHING GASES; INSTABILITIES AB Plasma instabilities have been observed in low-pressure inductive discharges, in the transition between low density capacitively driven and high density inductively driven discharges when attaching gases such as SF6 and Ar/SF6 mixtures are used. Oscillations of charged particles, plasma potential, and light, with frequencies from a few hertz to tens of kilohertz, are seen for gas pressures between 1 and 100 mTorr and discharge powers in the range of 75-1200 W. The region of instability increases as the plasma becomes more electronegative and the frequency of plasma oscillations increases as the power, pressure, and gas flow rate increase. Time-resolved measurements of electron temperature, and time averaged ion energy distribution at the wall have been made. A volume-averaged (global) model of the instability has been developed, for a discharge containing time varying densities of electrons, positive ions, and negative ions, and time invariant excited states and neutral densities. The particle and energy balance equations are integrated to produce the dynamical behavior. The model agrees well with experimental observations, and also shows a significant influence of the matching network. Values of plasma parameters and of chemical composition are measured to set the values used in the model, as required to obtain the good agreement with experiment. Capacitive coupling plays a crucial role in the instability process. A variable electrostatic (Faraday) shield has been used to control the capacitive coupling from the excitation coil to the plasma. The plasma instability disappears when the shielded area exceeds 65% of the total area of the coil. The model gives a slightly higher value of 85% for instability suppression with the same discharge conditions (Ar/SF6 1:1, 5 mTorr). (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Polytech, Phys Milieux Ionises Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Lieberman, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1849 EP 1864 DI 10.1116/1.1613953 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745XP UT WOS:000186716800009 ER PT J AU Yen, BK White, RL Waltman, RJ Dai, Q Miller, DC Kellock, AJ Marchon, B Kasai, PH Toney, MF York, BR Deng, H Xiao, QF Raman, V AF Yen, BK White, RL Waltman, RJ Dai, Q Miller, DC Kellock, AJ Marchon, B Kasai, PH Toney, MF York, BR Deng, H Xiao, QF Raman, V TI Microstructure and properties of ultrathin amorphous silicon nitride protective coating SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; OXYNITRIDE FILMS; CARBON OVERCOAT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; DILUTION; KINETICS; WEAR AB The effect of N content on the structure and properties of rf reactively sputtered amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx) has been studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray reflectivity, ellipsometry, and nano-indentation. The N content in the film increased with the N-2 concentration in the sputtering gas until the Si3N4 stoichiometry was reached. The hardness of a-SiNx increased with density, which in turn increased with the N content. The maximum hardness of 25 GPa and density of 3.2 g/cm(3) were attained at the stoichiometric Si3N4 composition. With the application of a protective overcoat for magnetic disks in mind, thin a - SiNx films were deposited on CoPtCr media to examine their coverage, pinhole density, and wear resistance. According to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the minimum thickness of a - SiNx required to protect the CoPtCr alloy from oxidation was 10 Angstrom, which was 10 Angstrom thinner than that of the reference amorphous nitrogenated carbon (a - CNx). A statistic model showed this lower thickness required- for a - SiNx can be attributed to its high density, which corresponds to 93% bulk density of Si3N4 - Compared with 45 Angstrom a - CNx coated disks, 15 Angstrom a - SiNx coated disks had. lower pinhole defect density and superior wear resistance. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 IBM Storage Technol Div, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yen, BK (reprint author), IBM Res Div, Almaden Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RI Marchon, Bruno/H-5665-2013 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1895 EP 1904 DI 10.1116/1.1615974 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745XP UT WOS:000186716800015 ER PT J AU Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M AF Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M TI Influence of carbon content and average energy of deposited ions on mechanical and optical properties of Si-C-N films grown by plasma ion immersion processing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; IMPLANTATION; COATINGS AB Amorphous silicon nitride and silicon carbonitride films were deposited by the plasma immersion ion processing technique. The SiCxNy films were obtained in the range of compositions 0less than or equal tox/(x + y)less than or equal to0.53. Gas pressure during the deposition was kept around 0.13 Pa (1 mTorr) and SiH4, N-2, Ar, and C2H2 gas mixtures were used. The composition of the film grown without addition of C2H2 was close to that Of Si3N4. With the addition Of C2H2 the areal density of Si and N atoms remains almost constant, whereas the concentration of C increases. The addition of carbon to the films causes a decrease in hardness from 13.5 to 0.85 GPa, a reduction in the band gaps from about 5 to about 2 eV, and a decrease in the refractive index from about 1.63 to 1.5. The density of the films with the addition of carbon decreases from 2.37 to 0.46 g/cm(3). The evolving physical properties in these films are shown to result from both the increasing fraction of C2H2 in the gas mixture and a reduction in the average energy imparted to the growing film during deposition. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Afanasyev-Charkin, IV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1909 EP 1914 DI 10.1116/1.1615969 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 745XP UT WOS:000186716800017 ER PT J AU Ngo, VV Akker, B Leung, KN Noh, I Scott, KL Wilde, S AF Ngo, VV Akker, B Leung, KN Noh, I Scott, KL Wilde, S TI Demonstrations of electronic pattern switching and 10X pattern demagnification in a maskless microion-beam reduction lithography system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB A proof-of-principle ion projection lithography (IPL) system called maskless microion-beam reduction lithography (MMRL) has been developed and tested at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for future integrated circuits manufacturing and thin-film media patterning [V V. Ngo et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 17, 6 (1999)]. This MMRL system is aimed at completely eliminating the first stage of the conventional IPL system [G. Stengl et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10, 2824 (1992)] that contains the complicated beam optics design in front of the stencil mask and the mask itself. It consists of a multicusp rf plasma generator, a multibeamlet pattern generator, and an all-electrostatic ion optical column. Results from ion beam exposures on poly(methymethacrylate) and Shipley UVII-HS resists using 75 keV H+ are presented in this article. Proof-of-principle electronic pattern switching together with 10X reduction ion optics (using a pattern generator made of nine 50 mum switchable apertures) has been performed and is reported in this article. In addition, the fabrication of a microfabricated pattern generator [K. L. Scott et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18, 6 (2000)] on a silicon on insulator membrane is also presented. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ngo, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, MS 5-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM csvvngo@nuc.berkeley.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2297 EP 2303 DI 10.1116/1.1615978 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600005 ER PT J AU Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Mayer, TM Hodges, VC AF Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Mayer, TM Hodges, VC TI Focused ion beam milling of diamond: Effects of H2O on yield, surface morphology and microstructure SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID RIPPLE FORMATION; ROUGHENING INSTABILITY; DIFFUSION; EROSION; SILICON; MEMS; MICROFABRICATION; BOMBARDMENT; CL-2; AR AB The effects of H2O vapor introduced during focused ion beam (FIB) milling of diamond(100) are examined. In particular, we determine the yield, surface morphology, and microstructural damage that results from FIB sputtering and H2O-assisted FIB milling processes. Experiments involving 20 keV Ga+ bombardment to doses similar to10(18) ions/cm(2) are conducted at a number of fixed ion incidence angles, theta. For each theta selected, H2O-assisted ion milling shows an increased material removal rate compared with FIB sputtering (no gas assist). The amount by which the yield is enhanced depends on the angle of incidence with the largest difference occurring at theta=75degrees. Experiments that vary pixel dwell time from 3 mus to 20 ms while maintaining a fixed H2O gas pressure demonstrate the additional effect of beam scan rate on yield for gas-assisted processes. Different surface morphologies develop during ion bombardment depending on the angle of ion incidence and the presence/absence of H2O. In general, a single mode of ripples having a wave vector aligned with the projection of the ion beam vector forms for theta as high as 70degrees. H2O affects this morphology by lowering the ripple onset angle and decreasing the ripple wavelength. At high angles of incidence (theta>70degrees) a step/terrace morphology is observed. H2O-assisted milling at theta>70degrees results in a smoother stepped surface compared with FIB sputtering. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the amorphized thickness is reduced by 20% when using H2O-assisted FIB milling. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film Vacuum & Packaging Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adams, DP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film Vacuum & Packaging Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dpadams@sandia.gov NR 54 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2334 EP 2343 DI 10.1116/1.1619421 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600011 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP Mirkarimi, PB Walton, CC Sperry, V Larson, C AF Hau-Riege, SP Mirkarimi, PB Walton, CC Sperry, V Larson, C TI Evaluation of the cleanliness of the ion-assisted Mo-Si deposition process for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article AB Particles are a serious concern in the fabrication of reticles for extreme ultraviolet lithography because they nucleate perturbations in the reflective multilayer film that can print in the lithographic image. We call these perturbations defects. It has been suggested that reticle substrates can be planarized and the high-spatial-frequency roughness of the multilayer film can be reduced by using an ion-assisted Mo-Si deposition process. In this article we discuss the cleanliness of this ion-assisted deposition process. Within one cleaning cycle, we improved the cleanliness of the deposition process without ion assist from 3-4 to 0.26 particles/cm(2). Of these, 0.09 particles/cm(2) are due to. manual handling of the wafers. We found that in our experimental setup, the added particle density using a process with ion assist is more then six times larger than the added density without ion-assist, suggesting that further work is necessary to develop a clean ion-assisted deposition process. We char, acterized the chemical composition of some of the added particles and found that they contain Al, C, Fe, Mo, and Si. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriegel@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2466 EP 2470 DI 10.1116/1.1615979 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600033 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Bokor, J Harteneck, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Salmassi, F Baker, S Mirkarimi, P Spiller, E Walton, C O'Connell, D Yan, PY Zhang, GJ AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Anderson, EH Bokor, J Harteneck, B Jackson, K Olynick, D Salmassi, F Baker, S Mirkarimi, P Spiller, E Walton, C O'Connell, D Yan, PY Zhang, GJ TI Printing-based performance analysis of the engineering test stand set-2 optic using a synchrotron exposure station with variable sigma SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; AT-WAVELENGTH; SYSTEM AB While interferometry is routinely used for the characterization and alignment of lithographic optics, the ultimate measure of performance for these optical systems is the transfer of an image or pattern into photoresist. Simple yet flexible exposure systems play an important role in this task because they allow complex system-dependent effects to be isolated from the printing results. One such toot has been implemented for alpha-class extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory using a synchrotron-based illumination source with programmable coherence. This static microfield exposure system has been used to characterize a four-mirror optical system designed for the EUV engineering test stand prototype stepper. Here we present a detailed performance analysis based on the large volume of lithographic data collected from this 0.1 NA system. Process window results are presented for dark field and bright field nested features down to a half pitch of 70 nm (k(1) factor of 0.52) where a depth of focus of approximately 1 mum with 10% exposure latitude is demonstrated. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2697 EP 2700 DI 10.1116/1.1621669 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600074 ER PT J AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, PP Denham, PE Rekawa, SB Jackson, KH Liddle, JA Harteneck, B Gullikson, E Anderson, EH AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, PP Denham, PE Rekawa, SB Jackson, KH Liddle, JA Harteneck, B Gullikson, E Anderson, EH TI Preparations for extreme ultraviolet interferometry of the 0.3 numerical aperture Micro Exposure Tool optic SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID POINT-DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETER; ENGINEERING TEST STAND; VISIBLE-LIGHT; AT-WAVELENGTH; X-RAY; EUV; SYSTEM; METROLOGY; ALIGNMENT; ACCURACY AB An at-wavelength interferometer is being created for the measurement and alignment of the 0.3 numerical aperture Micro Exposure Tool (MET) projection optic at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths. The prototype MET system promises to provide early learning from EUV lithographic imaging down to 20 nm feature size. The threefold increase to 0.3 NA in the image-side numerical aperture presents several challenges for the extension of ultrahigh-accuracy interferometry, including pinhole fabrication and the calibration and removal of systematic error sources. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2706 EP 2710 DI 10.1116/1.1627809 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600076 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Radmilovic, V Stach, EA Park, SJ Persaud, A AF Schenkel, T Radmilovic, V Stach, EA Park, SJ Persaud, A TI Formation of a few nanometer wide holes in membranes with a dual beam focused ion beam system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA AB When nanometer-scale holes (diameters of 50 to a few hundred nm) are imaged in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at pressures in the 10(-5) to 10(-6) Torr range, hydrocarbon deposits build up and result in the closing of holes within minutes of imaging. Additionally, electron or ion beam assisted deposition of material from a gas source allows the closing of holes with films of platinum or tetraethylorthosilicate oxide. In an instrument equipped both with a focused ion beam, and a SEM, holes can be formed and then covered with a thin film to form nanopores with controlled openings, ranging down to only a few nanometers, well below resolution limits of primary beams. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM t_schenkel@lbl.gov RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 10 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2720 EP 2723 DI 10.1116/1.1622935 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600079 ER PT J AU Jiang, XM Ji, Q Ji, LL Chang, A Leung, KN AF Jiang, XM Ji, Q Ji, LL Chang, A Leung, KN TI Resolution improvement for a maskless microion beam reduction lithography system SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID ION PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; TOOL AB A maskless ion projection lithography technique called maskless. microion beam reduction lithography (MMRL) has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. As a candidate for a next generation lithography system, MMRL is designed to achieve sub-70 nm resolution. By adding a 100 mum diam limiting aperture at the focal plane of the ion beam, an aperture angle of 0.56 mrad [corresponding to numerical aperture (NA) = 5.6 x 10(-4)] at the image plane has been obtained, Small NA can decrease the geometrical and axial chromatic aberrations of the MMRL system. Thus resolution better than 150 nm has been obtained. Simulation results indicate that the resolution can be further improved by decreasing the aperture diameter and minimizing the limiting aperture induced aberrations. Meanwhile, the single-shot exposure time can still be as low as 193 ms at NA approximate to 10(-5) if the high brightness ion source design is employed in the MMRL system. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jiang, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xjiang@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2724 EP 2727 DI 10.1116/1.1622937 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600080 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA Salmassi, F Naulleau, PP Gullikson, EM AF Liddle, JA Salmassi, F Naulleau, PP Gullikson, EM TI Nanoscale topography control for the fabrication of advanced diffractive optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron, Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FL ID LITHOGRAPHY; POWER AB Gray-scale electron beam lithography has been used to create high-efficiency (63%, output normalized) blazed gratings suitable for use at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths (i.e., 13.4 nm). The total blaze height at these wavelengths is approximate to7 nm. The surface topography was generated in a single processing step in hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). This material converts to SiO2 upon exposure and forms a robust substrate for subsequent operations,. unlike conventional organic resists. The HSQ is overcoated with a Mo/Si multilayer to provide reflectivity at EUV wavelengths. The grating efficiency is determined by, the fidelity of the profile to the ideal and by the surface roughness of the HSQ. A region of the resist response curve was identified that enabled sufficient topography to be generated while maintaining the surface roughness of the resist below 2.5 nm root mean square. Large area (0.5 x 2.0 mm(2)) gratings were fabricated, and the resulting dose profile was adjusted during the course of the exposure to compensate for observed delay-time/reciprocity effects in HSQ. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jaliddle@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2980 EP 2984 DI 10.1116/1.1622938 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600132 ER PT J AU Mikkelson, A Engelstad, R Lovell, E Blaedel, K Claudet, A AF Mikkelson, A Engelstad, R Lovell, E Blaedel, K Claudet, A TI Extreme ultraviolet lithography mask flatness and electrostatic chucking analysis SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA AB The Semiconductor Industry Association Roadmap for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) calls for significant improvements in the quality and flatness of the substrate and patterned mask. Due to the difficulty of meeting he mask flatness specifications, an alternative strategy has been proposed to ensure that suitable substrates will be available for EUVL. A new SEMI standard for EUVL electrostatic chucks is currently being developed. If such a standard were established, then the flatness requirements for the substrate might be relaxed to permit certain types of bow that can later be flattened by the chuck. The purpose of this study is to identify which shapes can indeed be flattened by an electrostatic chuck. To support the proposed strategy, it is essential that the clamping ability of the electrostatic chuck be characterized and well-understood. The ability of the chuck to flatten the mask will depend primarily on the mechanical stiffness of the chuck and the clamping pressure. Legendre polynomials have been identified as an effective and efficient means of representing EUVL mask surface shapes. Finite element (FE) models have been developed to utilize the Legendre polynomials as input data to, define the surfaces of the reticle. The FE models were then used to determine the clamping response of the various mask shapes. In particular, the maximum reticle-to-chuck gap within the flatness quality area and over the entire reticle has been tracked as a function of clamping pressure and chuck thickness for the low-order Legendre modes. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Computat Mech Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mikkelson, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Computat Mech Ctr, 1513 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mikkelso@cae.wisc.edu NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 3091 EP 3096 DI 10.1116/1.1627810 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600155 ER PT J AU Pedrak, R Ivanov, T Ivanova, K Gotszalk, T Abedinov, N Rangelow, IW Edinger, K Tomerov, E Schenkel, T Hudek, P AF Pedrak, R Ivanov, T Ivanova, K Gotszalk, T Abedinov, N Rangelow, IW Edinger, K Tomerov, E Schenkel, T Hudek, P TI Micromachined atomic force microscopy sensor with integrated piezoresistive, sensor and thermal bimorph actuator for high-speed tapping-mode atomic force microscopy phase-imaging in higher eigenmodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID AFM CANTILEVER; MICROCANTILEVER AB This article describes microprobes for noncontact scanning force microscopy that make use of a direct-oscillating thermally driven bimorph actuator with integrated piezoresistive readout sensor. The sensitivity has been increased using direct current for biasing and alternating current for exciting the thermally driven cantilever in a higher flexural mode. The cantilever operates in the phase-shift atomic force microscopy (AFM) detection technique. The main advantage of phase imaging is the higher z resolution at high scan rates and much lower forces than in height imaging with contact AFM. Critical dimensions measurements illustrating the imaging capability And resolution of our new scanning proximal probe are demonstrated. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Kassel, IMA, Inst Microstruct Technol & Analyt, D-34109 Kassel, Germany. NaWoTec GmbH, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany. NTS Ltd, Botevgrad 2140, Bulgaria. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. Leica Microsyst Lithog GmbH, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Pedrak, R (reprint author), Univ Kassel, IMA, Inst Microstruct Technol & Analyt, D-34109 Kassel, Germany. EM rangelow@uni-kassel.de NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 3102 EP 3107 DI 10.1116/1.1614252 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600157 ER PT J AU Chao, W Anderson, EH Denbeaux, G Harteneck, B Pearson, AL Olynick, D Salmassi, F Song, C Attwood, D AF Chao, W Anderson, EH Denbeaux, G Harteneck, B Pearson, AL Olynick, D Salmassi, F Song, C Attwood, D TI Demonstration of 20 nm half-pitch spatial resolution with soft x-ray microscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Conference on Electron Ion and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN) CY MAY 27-30, 2003 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID MAGNETIC DOMAINS; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; MIRRORS AB The full field, transmission soft x-ray microscope XM-1 is a valuable imaging instrument for many scientific and technological areas involving nanometer features. Operating from 300 to 1800 eV, it combines high spatial resolution, elemental discrimination, magnetic sensitivity, and a capability of imaging in various experimental conditions, such as with applied magnetic fields and electric currents. In this article, we report experiments that enable accurate spatial resolution measurement, using a new type of test pattern, made from thinned multilayer coatings. The resolution of the microscope was measured to be 20 nm, using this method. (C) 2003 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wlchao@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 21 IS 6 BP 3108 EP 3111 DI 10.1116/1.1619956 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 764EL UT WOS:000188193600158 ER PT J AU Di Mascio, M Markowitz, M Louie, M Hogan, C Hurley, A Chung, C Ho, DD Perelson, AS AF Di Mascio, M Markowitz, M Louie, M Hogan, C Hurley, A Chung, C Ho, DD Perelson, AS TI Viral blip dynamics during highly active antiretroviral therapy SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; INTERMITTENT VIREMIA; COMBINATION THERAPY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; HIV-1 INFECTION; SUPPRESSION; REPLICATION; COPIES/ML; PLASMA; DECAY AB Although intermittent episodes of low-level viremia are often observed in well-suppressed highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated patients, the timing and amplitude of viral blips have never been examined in detail. We analyze here the dynamics of viral blips, i.e., plasma VL measurements of >50 copies/ml, in 123 HAART-treated patients monitored for a mean of 2.6 years (range, 5 months to 5:3 years). The mean (+/- the standard deviation) blip frequency was 0.09 +/- 0.11/sample, with about one-third of patients showing no viral blips. The mean viral blip amplitude was 158 +/- 132 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA copies/ml. Analysis of the blip frequency and amplitude distributions suggest that two blips less than 22 days apart have a significant chance of being part of the same episode of viremia. The data are consistent with a hypothetical model in which each episode of viremia consists of a phase of VL rise, followed by two-phase exponential decay. Thus, the term "viral blip" may be a misnomer, since viral replication appears to be occurring over an extended period. Neither the frequency nor the amplitude of viral blips increases with longer periods of observation, but the frequency is inversely correlated with the CD4(+)-T-cell count at the start of therapy, suggesting that host-specific factors but not treatment fatigue are determinants of blip frequency. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Div Theoret, MS-K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00102, R01 RR006555, M01 RR000102, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433, R37 AI028433, R01 AI028433, AI41534, U01 AI041534]; PHS HHS [1A141387, A142848] NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 77 IS 22 BP 12165 EP 12172 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.22.12165-12172.2003 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 738NG UT WOS:000186294300031 PM 14581553 ER PT J AU Kunstman, KJ Puffer, B Korber, BT Kuiken, C Smith, UR Kunstman, J Stanton, J Agy, M Shibata, R Yoder, AD Pillai, S Doms, RW Marx, P Wolinsky, SM AF Kunstman, KJ Puffer, B Korber, BT Kuiken, C Smith, UR Kunstman, J Stanton, J Agy, M Shibata, R Yoder, AD Pillai, S Doms, RW Marx, P Wolinsky, SM TI Structure and function of CC-chemokine receptor 5 homologues derived from representative primate species and subspecies of the taxonomic suborders Prosimii and Anthropoidea SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; CORECEPTOR USAGE; TYPE-1 ENTRY; HIV-1 ENTRY; GENE CCR5; PHYLOGENY; INFECTION; STRAINS AB A chemokine receptor from the seven-transmembrane-domain G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily is an essential coreceptor for the cellular entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HW-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains. To investigate nonhuman primate CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) homologue structure and function, we amplified CCR5 DNA sequences from peripheral blood cells obtained from 24 representative species and subspecies of the primate suborders Prosimii (family Lemuridae) and Anthropoidea (families Cebidae, Callitrichidae, Cercopithecidae, Hylobatidae, and Pongidae) by PCR with primers flanking the coding region of the gene. Full-length CCR5 was inserted into pCDNA3.1, and multiple clones were sequenced to permit discrimination of both alleles. Compared to the human CCR5 sequence, the CCR5 sequences of the Lemuridae, Cebidae, and Cercopithecidae shared 87,91 to 92, and 96 to 99% amino acid sequence homology, respectively. Amino acid substitutions tended to cluster in the amino and carboxy termini, the first transmembrane domain, and the second extracellular loop, with a pattern of species-specific changes that characterized CCR5 homologues from primates within a given family. At variance with humans, all primate species examined from the suborder Anthropoidea had amino acid substitutions at positions 13 (N to D) and 129 (V to I); the former change is critical for CD4-independent binding of SIV to CCR5. Within the Cebidae, Cercopithecidae, and Pongidae (including humans), CCR5 nucleotide similarities were 95.2 to 97.4, 98.0 to 99.5, and 98.3 to 99.3%, respectively. Despite this low genetic diversity, the phylogeny of the selected primate CCR5 homologue sequences agrees with present primate systematics, apart from some intermingling of species of the Cebidae and Cercopithecidae. Constructed HOS.CD4 cell lines expressing the entire CCR5 homologue protein from each of the Anthropoidea species and subspecies were tested for their ability to support HIV-1 and SIV entry and membrane fusion. Other than that of Cercopithecus pygerythrus, all CCR5 homologues tested were able to support both SIV and HIV-1 entry. Our results suggest that the shared structure and function of primate CCR5 homologue proteins would not impede the movement of primate immunodeficiency viruses between species. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Natl Prime Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Med, Tulane Reg Primate Ctr, Dept Zool, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Tulane Univ, Ctr Med, Tulane Reg Primate Ctr, Dept Trop Med, Covington, LA 70433 USA. RP Wolinsky, SM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis Med, Suite 200,676 N St Clair, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; OI Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40880, AI41420, R01 AI040880, R01 AI041420]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD037356, HD37356] NR 52 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 77 IS 22 BP 12310 EP 12318 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.22.12310-12318.2003 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 738NG UT WOS:000186294300045 PM 14581567 ER PT J AU Ohagen, A Devitt, A Kunstman, KJ Gorry, PR Rose, PP Korber, B Taylor, J Levy, R Murphy, RL Wolinsky, SM Gabuzda, D AF Ohagen, A Devitt, A Kunstman, KJ Gorry, PR Rose, PP Korber, B Taylor, J Levy, R Murphy, RL Wolinsky, SM Gabuzda, D TI Genetic and functional analysis of full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env genes derived from brain and blood of patients with AIDS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GP120 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR UTILIZATION; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; SMALL-MOLECULE; HIV-1; NEUTRALIZATION; INFECTION; CORECEPTOR; CCR5 AB The genetic evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the brain is distinct from that in lymphoid tissues, indicating tissue-specific compartmentalization of the virus. Few primary HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) from uncultured brain tissues have been biologically well characterized. In this study, we analyzed 37 full-length env genes from uncultured brain biopsy and blood samples from four patients with AIDS. Phylogenetic analysis of intrapatient sequence sets showed distinct clustering of brain relative to blood env sequences. However, no brain-specific signature sequence was identified. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the number or positions of N-linked glycosylation sites between brain and blood env sequences. The patterns of coreceptor usage were heterogeneous, with no clear distinction between brain and blood env clones. Nine Envs used CCR5 as a coreceptor, one used CXCR4, and two used both CCR5 and CXCR4 in cell-to-cell fusion assays. Eight Envs could also use CCR3, CCR8, GPR15, STRL33, Apj, and/or GPR1, but these coreceptors did not play a major role in virus entry into microglia. Recognition of epitopes by the 2F5, T30, AG10H9, F105, 17b, and C11 monoclonal antibodies varied among env clones, reflecting genetic and conformational heterogeneity. Envs from two patients contained 28 to 32 N-glycosylation sites in gp120, compared to around 25 in lab strains and well-characterized primary isolates. These results suggest that HIV-1 Envs in brain cannot be distinguished from those in blood on the basis of coreceptor usage or the number or positions of N-glycosylation sites, indicating that other properties underlie neurotropism. The study also demonstrates characteristics of primary HIV-1 Envs from uncultured tissues and implies that Env variants that are glycosylated more extensively than lab strains and well-characterized primary isolates should be considered during development of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Depr Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Depr Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Gabuzda, D (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Depr Canc Immunol & AIDS, JFB816,44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Wolinsky, Steven/B-2893-2012; OI Wolinsky, Steven/0000-0002-9625-6697; Murphy, Robert/0000-0003-3936-2052; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA79458]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28691, P30 AI028691]; NIMHD NIH HHS [L60 MD003100]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35734, NS37277, R01 NS035734, R01 NS037277] NR 49 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 77 IS 22 BP 12336 EP 12345 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.22.12336-12345.2003 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 738NG UT WOS:000186294300048 PM 14581570 ER PT J AU Robertson, AN Farrar, CR Sohn, H AF Robertson, AN Farrar, CR Sohn, H TI Singularity detection for structural health monitoring using holder exponents SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB The majority of structural health monitoring studies reported in the technical literature focus on identifying damage-sensitive features that can be extracted from dynamic response data. However, many of these studies assume the structure can be modelled as a linear system before and after damage and use parameters of these models as the damage-sensitive features. The study summarised in this paper proposes a damage-sensitive feature that takes advantage of the non-linearities associated with discontinuities introduced into the dynamic response data as a result of certain types of damage. Specifically, the Holder exponent, a measure of the degree to which a signal is differentiable, is the feature that is used to detect the presence of damage and determine when that damage occurred. A procedure for capturing the time-varying nature of the Holder exponent based on wavelet transforms is demonstrated through applications to non-stationary random signals with underlying discontinuities and then to a harmonically excited mechanical system that contains a loose part. Also, a classification procedure is developed to quantify when changes in the Holder exponent are significant. The results presented herein show the Holder exponent to be an effective feature for identifying damage that introduces discontinuities into the measured dynamic response data. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, Mail Stop T001, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1163 EP 1184 DI 10.1006/mssp.2002.1569 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 713HT UT WOS:000184852000002 ER PT J AU Soderlind, P Landa, A AF Soderlind, P Landa, A TI Simple model for localization in delta-Pu SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; AIRY GAS; APPROXIMATION; PLUTONIUM; TRANSITION; ALLOYS; DENSITY AB First-principles methods are employed to study the effect of localization of the 5f electrons in delta-Pu. First, a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbitals (FPLMTO) method was applied to a model system, (PuxPul-xit)-Pu-loc, where Pu-loc are Pu atoms with localized (nonbonding) 5f electrons and Pu-it atoms with itinerant (bonding) 5f electrons. Within the FPLMTO, this system was treated as an ordered compound, either in the Cu3Au or the CuAu structure to model delta-Pu which crystallize in a face-centred-cubic structure. A more realistic alloy treatment of our model system was provided by the Korringa-Kohn-Rostocker method within Green's function formalism in which compositional disorder is treated by means of the coherent potential approximation. With these two approaches best agreement with the experimental lattice constant for delta-Pu were achieved for a 67-68% fraction of itinerant (Puit) atoms. This corresponds to a little less than four itinerant 5f electrons/atom in delta-Pu which agrees well with some proposed theoretical models, but disagree with at least an other theoretical suggestion. We show that a good lattice constant (by construction), good bulk modulus, and full mechanical stability for delta-Pu follows from our model. The main problem with the present approach and some other presented models, trying to capture localization in delta-Pu, is that the contribution to the total energy from the localized 5f electrons cannot be calculated accurately and therefore one parameter (usually the lattice constant) needs to be fitted to experiment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 11 IS 6 BP 851 EP 858 AR PII s0965-0393(03)67255-4 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/11/6/003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 743LL UT WOS:000186573200003 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Charles, PA O'Donoghue, D Smale, AP AF McGowan, KE Charles, PA O'Donoghue, D Smale, AP TI Correlated optical and X-ray variability in LMC X-2 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; stars : individual : LMC X-2; stars : individual : Sco X-1; X-rays : stars ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; SCORPIUS X-1; LIGHT-CURVE; EMISSION; BINARIES; BURSTS; MODULATION; PHOTOMETRY; ECHOES; PERIOD AB We have obtained high time resolution (seconds) photometry of LMC X-2 in 1997 December, simultaneously with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), in order to search for correlated X-ray and optical variability on time-scales from seconds to hours. We find that the optical and X-ray data are correlated only when the source is in a high, active X-ray state. Our analysis shows evidence for the X-ray emission leading the optical with a mean delay of <20 s. The time-scale for the lag can be reconciled with disc reprocessing, driven by the higher-energy X-rays, only by considering the lower limit for the delay. The results are compared with a similar analysis of archival data of Sco X-1. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. NASA, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 345 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1048 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.07029.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736JX UT WOS:000186168600034 ER PT J AU Kim, S Eyink, GL Restrepo, JM Alexander, FJ Johnson, G AF Kim, S Eyink, GL Restrepo, JM Alexander, FJ Johnson, G TI Ensemble filtering for nonlinear dynamics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; MODELS; PREDICTION; SYSTEMS AB A method for data assimilation currently being developed is the ensemble Kalman filter. This method evolves the statistics of the system by computing an empirical ensemble of sample realizations and incorporates measurements by a linear interpolation between observations and predictions. However, such an interpolation is only justified for linear dynamics and Gaussian statistics, and it is known to produce erroneous results for nonlinear dynamics with far-from-Gaussian statistics. For example, the ensemble Kalman filter method, when used in models with multimodal statistics, fails to track state transitions correctly. Here alternative ensemble methods for data assimilation into nonlinear dynamical systems, in particular, those with a large state space are studied. In these methods conditional probabilities at measurement times are calculated by applying Bayes's rule. These results show that the new methods accurately track the transitions between likely states in a system with bimodal statistics, in which the ensemble Kalman filter method does not perform well. The proposed new ensemble methods are conceptually simple and potentially applicable to large-scale problems. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Eyink, GL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. OI Restrepo, Juan/0000-0003-2609-2882 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 131 IS 11 BP 2586 EP 2594 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2586:EFFND>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740XJ UT WOS:000186427700004 ER PT J AU Wurtz, GA Hranisavljevic, J Wiederrecht, GP AF Wurtz, GA Hranisavljevic, J Wiederrecht, GP TI Electromagnetic scattering pathways for metallic nanoparticles: A near-field optical study SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON POLARITONS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENERGY-TRANSPORT; MICROSCOPY; SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; EXCITATION; RESONANCE; ARRAYS AB Apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy is used at 415.4 nm to investigate the normal component of the field scattered by silver and gold nanoparticles. Resonant excitation of the plasmon for silver produces a confined field distribution in the vicinity of the particle. For gold, driven off-resonance, the near-field response shows a pronounced contribution from propagating components to the scattered field. The differing near-field features are analyzed by considering the polarizability of the particles, the spatial evolution of the field as a function of distance from the sample, and the interactions with the near-field probe. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wiederrecht@anl.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1511 EP 1516 DI 10.1021/nl0345825 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 743PN UT WOS:000186582900009 ER PT J AU Ding, SY Jones, M Tucker, MP Nedeljkovic, JM Wall, J Simon, MN Rumbles, G Himmel, ME AF Ding, SY Jones, M Tucker, MP Nedeljkovic, JM Wall, J Simon, MN Rumbles, G Himmel, ME TI Quantum dot molecules assembled with genetically engineered proteins SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; CDTE AB We report the assembly of quantum dots using an approach that attempts to capitalize on the self-assembling properties of naturally occurring proteins. Colloidal quantum dots made of cadmium selenide core and a zinc sulfide shell, (CdSe)ZnS, were incubated with a genetically modified, bacterial cellulosomal protein, cohesin, and the resultant mixture subjected to fractionation using high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). We note that the HPSEC profile is distinctly bimodal. The peak corresponding to particles of larger effective hydrodynamic radius (R-e) contains a plethora of sizable protein-coated, quantum dot assemblies with a predominance of structures that are trefoil-shaped. The fraction corresponding to particles of smaller R-e contains individual, protein-coated quantum dots that are chemically different from their larger counterparts. This overall procedure is shown to successfully assemble novel quantum dot bioconjugates that exhibit light harvesting properties as well as providing an effective method of purifying quantum dot samples. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rumbles, G (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM garry_rumbles@nrel.gov RI Jones, Marcus/B-3291-2008; Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013; OI Jones, Marcus/0000-0001-9912-1168; Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462 NR 26 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1581 EP 1585 DI 10.1021/nl034578t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 743PN UT WOS:000186582900024 ER PT J AU Branagan, DJ Tang, YL Sergueeva, AV Mukherjee, AK AF Branagan, DJ Tang, YL Sergueeva, AV Mukherjee, AK TI Low-temperature superplasticity in a nanocomposite iron alloy derived from a metallic glass SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB The focus of this research was to use the solid state glass devitrification transformation to develop nanocomposite microstructures in iron-based materials. Mechanical deformation studies on the nanocomposite structures at room temperature revealed that although they exhibited high yield strength (975-1200 MPa), they were brittle and exhibited no tensile elongation. A specialized two-step annealing process was employed which involved first holding for extended times below the crystallization onset temperature to devitrify extremely fine matrix grains followed by heating to temperatures above the crystallization onset temperature for short times. Using this approach, nanocomposite microstructures could be formed consisting of alpha-Fe, Fe23C6 and Fe3B type triplex matrix phases of the order of 75 nm in size which were stabilized by dispersions of 2-10 nm alpha-Fe precipitates along the grain boundaries and embedded in the Fe23C6 type phase. At 750degreesC and a strain rate of 10(-3) s(-1) this stabilized nanoscale microstructure was found to exhibit superplasticity with an ultimate tensile strength of 1800 MPa and a tensile elongation of 230%. Subsequent testing using, 'jump tests' revealed that the strain rate sensitivity factor was equal to 0.51, which, consistent with the microstructural observations, revealed that the main mechanism for elevated temperature deformation was grain boundary sliding/rotational processes. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Branagan, DJ (reprint author), Nanosteel Co, 505 Lindsay Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1216 EP 1222 AR PII S0957-484(03)65008-7 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/14/11/010 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 751DW UT WOS:000187038400012 ER PT J AU Kappes, BB Meacham, BE Tang, YL Branagan, DJ AF Kappes, BB Meacham, BE Tang, YL Branagan, DJ TI Relaxation, recovery, crystallization, and recrystallization transformations in an iron-based amorphous precursor SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRREVERSIBLE STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY MEASUREMENTS; ACTIVATION-ENERGY SPECTRA; METALLIC GLASSES; STRAIN RECOVERY; KINETICS; ALLOYS; MODEL AB The focus of this research was on gaining a fundamental understanding of the structure/property relationships that exist in an Fe-based multicomponent glass-forming alloy. While composition is one key parameter in determining the final microstructure, the specific transformation conditions (temperature and time) related to how a glass devitrifies were found to have significant effects on the development of the devitrified microstructure. Microstructural studies have revealed that recovery, relaxation, crystallization, and recrystallization phenomena are important effects which lead to large differences in the ensuing microstructure resulting in significant differences in properties such as devitrified hardness. The information gained in this study, combined with further investigations into the mechanistic processes governing these transformations, may allow for the further development of nanostructured materials with specific and targeted sets of properties. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Labs, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kappes, BB (reprint author), Nanosteel Co, 505 Lindsay Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD NOV PY 2003 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1228 EP 1234 AR PII S0957-4484(03)65023-3 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/14/11/012 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 751DW UT WOS:000187038400014 ER PT J AU Ma, JS Theiler, J Perkins, S AF Ma, JS Theiler, J Perkins, S TI Accurate on-line support vector regression SO NEURAL COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID WARM-START AB Batch implementations of support vector regression (SVR) are inefficient when used in an on-line setting because they must be retrained from scratch every time the training set is modified. Following an incremental support vector classification algorithm introduced by Cauwenberghs and Poggio (2001), we have developed an accurate on-line support vector regression (AOSVR) that efficiently updates a trained SVR function whenever a sample is added to or removed from the training set. The updated SVR function is identical to that produced by a batch algorithm. Applications of AOSVR in both on-line and cross-validation scenarios are presented. In both scenarios, numerical experiments indicate that AOSVR is faster than batch SVR algorithms with both cold and warm start. C1 Aureon Biosci Corp, New York, NY 10701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ma, JS (reprint author), Aureon Biosci Corp, 28 Wells St, New York, NY 10701 USA. EM junshuima@yahoo.com; jt@lanl.gov; s.perkins@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 165 Z9 216 U1 3 U2 27 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0899-7667 J9 NEURAL COMPUT JI Neural Comput. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2683 EP 2703 DI 10.1162/089976603322385117 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 722QV UT WOS:000185388400007 PM 14577858 ER PT J AU Swanson, JM Volkow, ND AF Swanson, JM Volkow, ND TI Serum and brain concentrations of methylphenidate: implications for use and abuse SO NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Do Different Branches of Mesocorticolimbic System Underlie Different ADHD Variants CY APR 14-20, 2002 CL ELECTR NETWORK DE attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; pharmacokinetics; positron emission tomography; dopamine; clinical use; abuse ID ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ONCE-A-DAY; STIMULANT MEDICATION; INTRAVENOUS METHYLPHENIDATE; RELEASE METHYLPHENIDATE; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; ORAL METHYLPHENIDATE; CHILDREN; ADHD AB When used to treat children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, methylphenidate (MPH) acts primarily by blocking the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) and increasing extracellular DA in the striatum. This is strikingly similar to the mechanism of action of cocaine, a primary stimulant drug of abuse. When administered intravenously, MPH like cocaine has reinforcing effects (euphoria) at doses that exceed a DAT blockade threshold of 60%. When administered orally at clinical doses, the pharmacological effects of MPH also exceed this threshold. but reinforcing effects rarely occur, Here we discuss the pharmacokinetic properties of MPH in serum (and in brain) that differ for oral and intravenous routes of administration and the importance of acute tolerance in determining pharmacodynamic effects in clinical use and illegal abuse. We suggest that intravenous administration of MPH mimics the rapid phasic cell firing of DA neurons, which may be a critical factor associated with reinforcing effects and abuse, while oral administration of MPH mimics the tonic DA cell firing, which may be a critical factor associated with clinical effects. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Swanson, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, 19722 MacArthur Blvd, Irvine, CA 92612 USA. NR 47 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7634 J9 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R JI Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 27 IS 7 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.013 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 747NN UT WOS:000186810900005 PM 14624806 ER PT J AU Jaffe, AH Abroe, M Borrill, J Collins, J Ferreira, P Hanany, S Johnson, B Lee, AT Matsumura, T Rabii, B Renbarger, T Richards, P Smoot, GF Stompor, R Tran, H Winant, C Wu, JHP AF Jaffe, AH Abroe, M Borrill, J Collins, J Ferreira, P Hanany, S Johnson, B Lee, AT Matsumura, T Rabii, B Renbarger, T Richards, P Smoot, GF Stompor, R Tran, H Winant, C Wu, JHP TI Recent results from the MAXIMA experiment SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd CMBNet Workshop on Science and Parameter Extraction CY FEB 20-21, 2003 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP CMBNet, European Comm, 5th Framework Improving Human Potential Program ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; POWER SPECTRUM; UNIVERSE AB MAXIMA is a balloon-borne platform for measuring the anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It has measured the CMB power spectrum with a 10-arcmin FWHM beam, corresponding to a detection of the power spectrum out to spherical harmonic multipole l similar to 1000. The spectrum is consistent with a flat Universe with a nearly scale-invariant initial spectrum of adiabatic density fluctuations. Moreover, the MAXIMA data are free from any notable non-Gaussian contamination and from foreground dust emission. In the same region, the WMAP experiment observes the same structure as that observed by MAXIMA, as evinced by analysis of both maps and power spectra. The next step in the evolution of the MAXIMA program is MAXIPOL, which will observe the polarization of the CMB with comparable resolution and high sensitivity over a small patch of the sky. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Jaffe, AH (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; OI WU, JIUN-HUEI/0000-0001-9608-7662 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 47 IS 8-10 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.07.020 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758QZ UT WOS:000187662800004 ER PT J AU Mauskopf, PD Ade, PAR Balbi, A Cabella, P De Gasperis, G Natoli, P Vittorio, N Bock, JJ Hristov, VV Jones, WC Lange, AE Bond, JR Contaldi, CR Borrill, JJ Boscaleri, A Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Troia, G Iacoangeli, A Masi, S Melchiorri, A Nati, F Piacentini, F Polenta, G Ricciardi, S de Oliveira-Costa, A Tegmark, M di Stefano, G Romeo, G Ganga, K Hivon, E Jaffe, AH Ruhl, JE Kisner, TS Montroy, T Torbet, E Mactavish, C Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Pogosyan, D Prunet, S AF Mauskopf, PD Ade, PAR Balbi, A Cabella, P De Gasperis, G Natoli, P Vittorio, N Bock, JJ Hristov, VV Jones, WC Lange, AE Bond, JR Contaldi, CR Borrill, JJ Boscaleri, A Crill, BP de Bernardis, P De Troia, G Iacoangeli, A Masi, S Melchiorri, A Nati, F Piacentini, F Polenta, G Ricciardi, S de Oliveira-Costa, A Tegmark, M di Stefano, G Romeo, G Ganga, K Hivon, E Jaffe, AH Ruhl, JE Kisner, TS Montroy, T Torbet, E Mactavish, C Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Pogosyan, D Prunet, S TI BOOMERANG returns SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd CMBNet Workshop on Science and Parameter Extraction CY FEB 20-21, 2003 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP CMBNet, European Comm, 5th Framework Improving Human Potential Program DE CMB; Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect; component separation; CMB polarisation ID MULTIFREQUENCY MAPS; POWER SPECTRUM; POLARIZATION AB BOOMERANG was one of the first experiments to map large areas of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with high signal-to-noise during a long duration balloon (LDB) flight in 1998/99. BOOMERANG uses bolometric detectors measuring frequency bands from 90 to 400 GHz, a frequency range that complements the lower frequency range of experiments using HEMT amplifiers such as DASI and WMAP. Here, we discuss the status of the analysis of the B98 data including initial comparison of the B98 data with WMAP and component separation of the B98 maps in order to measure the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. Finally, we describe the second LDB flight of the BOOMERANG telescope in January, 2003 with a receiver designed to map the polarisation of the CMB. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. LBNL, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, IFAC, Florence, Italy. CSU Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, London, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Mauskopf, PD (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 47 IS 8-10 BP 733 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.07.019 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 758QZ UT WOS:000187662800005 ER PT J AU Tuli, JK AF Tuli, JK TI Nuclear data sheets for A=60 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Review ID GIANT-DIPOLE RESONANCE; HIGH-SPIN STATES; MEDIUM-WEIGHT NUCLEI; FP-SHELL NUCLEI; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; CHARGE-EXCHANGE REACTIONS; NEUTRON-RICH ISOTOPES; POLARIZED THERMAL-NEUTRONS; ALPHA-PARTICLE SCATTERING; ISOBARIC ANALOG STATES AB The 1993 evaluation of A=60 (1993Ki10) has been revised using experimental decay and reaction data received by the cutoff date noted below. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 417 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD NOV PY 2003 VL 100 IS 3 BP 347 EP + AR PII S0090-3752(03)00099-1 DI 10.1006/ndsh.2003.0017 PG 134 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 755EB UT WOS:000187389800002 ER PT J AU Callis, RW Cary, WP Chu, S Doane, JL Ellis, RA Felch, K Gorelov, YA Grunloh, HJ Hosea, J Kajiwara, K Lohr, J Luce, TC Peavy, JJ Pinsker, RI Ponce, D Prater, R Shapiro, M Temkin, RJ Tooker, JF AF Callis, RW Cary, WP Chu, S Doane, JL Ellis, RA Felch, K Gorelov, YA Grunloh, HJ Hosea, J Kajiwara, K Lohr, J Luce, TC Peavy, JJ Pinsker, RI Ponce, D Prater, R Shapiro, M Temkin, RJ Tooker, JF TI Maturing ECRF technology for plasma control SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article AB The availability of high power (similar to1 MW), long pulse length (effectively cw), high frequency (> 100 GHz) gyrotrons has created the opportunity for enhanced scientific results on magnetic confinement devices for fusion research worldwide. This has led to successful experiments on electron cyclotron heating, electron cyclotron current drive, non-inductive tokamak operation, tokamak energy transport, suppression of instabilities and advanced profile control leading to enhanced performance. The key development in the gyrotron community that has led to the realization of high power long pulse gyrotrons is the availability of edge cooled synthetic diamond gyrotron output windows, which have low loss and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In addition to the emergence of reliable high power gyrotrons, ancillary equipment for efficient microwave transmission over distances of hundreds of metres, polarization control, diagnostics, and flexible launch geometry have all been developed and proved in regular service. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Commun & Power Ind, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Callis, RW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 2003 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1501 EP 1504 AR PII S0029-5515(03)66860-2 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/43/11/022 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 747RQ UT WOS:000186819100023 ER PT J AU D'Auria, S Hocker, A McGimpsey, S Kordas, K Tesarek, RJ Worm, S AF D'Auria, S Hocker, A McGimpsey, S Kordas, K Tesarek, RJ Worm, S TI Measurement of the radiation field in CDF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL UNIV LEICESTER, LEICESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEICESTER DE radiation monitor; fluence AB The radiation field in the tracking volume has been measured both with dosimeters and using the silicon current. The two measurements agree within a few percent and show that in the present detector the dose rate agrees with predictions based on run-I data, with a slightly less steep dependence on distance from the beam. For the innermost SVX layer the average fluence rate is 1.3 x 10(10) cm(-2) pb(-1). Variations of the fluence with the polar angle have been measured, as an effect of 3.1 mm displacement of the beam with respect to the detector axis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08549 USA. RP D'Auria, S (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 513 IS 1-2 BP 89 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.008 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 741DB UT WOS:000186442500020 ER PT J AU Yu, B Harder, JA Mead, JA Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC AF Yu, B Harder, JA Mead, JA Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC TI Neutron detector development at Brookhaven SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL UNIV LEICESTER, LEICESTER, ENGLAND HO UNIV LEICESTER DE thermal neutron; position-sensitive detector; high rate ID POSITION-SENSITIVE DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; CHAMBER AB Two-dimensional thermal neutron detectors have been the subject of research and development at Brookhaven for over 20 years. Based primarily on multi-wire chambers filled with a gas mixture containing He-3, these detectors have been used in wide-ranging studies of molecular biology and material science samples. At each phase of development, experimenters have sought improvements in key parameters such as position resolution, counting rate, efficiency, solid-angle coverage and stability. A suite of detectors has been developed with sensitive areas ranging from 5 x 5 to 50 x 50 cm(2). These devices incorporate low-noise-position readout and the best position resolution for thermal neutron gas detectors. Recent developments include a 1.5 in x 20 cm detector containing multiple segments with continuously sensitive readout, and detectors with unity gain for ultra-high rate capability and long-term stability. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Bldg 535 B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 513 IS 1-2 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.08.063 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 741DB UT WOS:000186442500076 ER PT J AU Morgan, GL Alrick, KR Saunders, A Cverna, FC King, NSP Merrill, FE Waters, LS Hanson, AL Greene, GA Liljestrand, RP Thompson, RT Henry, EA AF Morgan, GL Alrick, KR Saunders, A Cverna, FC King, NSP Merrill, FE Waters, LS Hanson, AL Greene, GA Liljestrand, RP Thompson, RT Henry, EA TI Total cross sections for the production of Na-22 and Na-24 in proton-induced reactions on Al-27 from 0.40 to 22.4 GeV SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; MANGANESE; BE-7; MG; AL AB Total cross sections for production of Na-22 and Na-24 from the irradiation of Al-27 by protons with incident energies between 0.40 and 22.4 GeV have been measured. The overall uncertainties for these measurements were less than 3%. The measured values compare well with previous measurements and evaluations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hanson, AL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 2003 VL 211 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01364-8 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 738AL UT WOS:000186264500002 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Liu, Y Zaim, H Murray, SN AF Alton, GD Liu, Y Zaim, H Murray, SN TI An efficient negative surface ionization source for RIB generation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE negative-ions beams; negative-ion sources; negative-surface ionization; radioactive ion beams ID ION PRODUCTION; LAB6 AB A high-efficiency, negative surface ionization source, equipped with spherical-sector LaB6 ionizer, has been developed for generating radioactive beams of highly electronegative species for accelerator-based nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics research. The source utilizes direct-surface ionization to form negative-ion beams resulting from interactions between highly electronegative atoms or molecules and a hot (similar to1722 degreesC) LaB6 surface. Even though this type of ionizer has a widely publicized propensity for being easily poisoned, no evidence of this effect was experienced during testing of the source. The source has been extensively evaluated off-line in terms of ionization efficiency for generating beams of Cl- and Br- by feeding AlCl3 and AlBr3 vapors at low-feed rates into the source. The geometry of the ionization volume is designed to minimize direct losses of neutral particles through the extraction aperture and to enhance the probability for striking the LaB6 ionizer. The source is reliable, stable and easy to operate, and ionizes Cl- and Br- with efficiencies for formation and extraction of 30% and 20%, respectively. The design features, principles of operation, off-line performance, operational-parameter and beam-quality (emittance) data for the source are presented in this article. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Versailles St Quentin, Versailles, France. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6000,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 2003 VL 211 IS 3 BP 425 EP 435 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01365-X PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 738AL UT WOS:000186264500019 ER PT J AU Logan, J AF Logan, J TI A review of graphical methods for tracer studies and strategies to reduce bias SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; BRAIN TRANSFER CONSTANTS; REVERSIBLE RADIOLIGAND BINDING; C-11 RACLOPRIDE BINDING; TIME UPTAKE DATA; PARAMETRIC IMAGES; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTERS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MONOAMINE-OXIDASE; BLOOD-FLOW AB Graphical techniques provide simple methods for the analysis of data from tracer studies. They provide considerable ease of computation compared to the optimization of individual model parameters in the solution of the differential equations generally used to describe the binding of tracers. The theoretical work of Patlak which was applied to irreversible tracers formed the basis for extensions of graphical techniques to reversibly binding tracers. The advantage of graphical methods is that they are not dependent upon a particular model structure but provide a measure of tracer binding that can be interpreted in terms of a model structure if desired. They provide a visual way to distinguish the type of binding whether reversible or irreversible in the initial studies of new ligands. Conditions under which the graphical techniques can be applied are considered as well as problems encountered with slow binding components. One problem in the use of these methods particularly the method for reversible tracers is the bias generated due to the presence of statistical noise. Some recently proposed techniques for reducing the noise are considered. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Logan, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jlogan@bnl.gov FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-15380] NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 30 IS 8 BP 833 EP 844 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(03)00114-8 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 762ZA UT WOS:000188041100007 PM 14698787 ER PT J AU Ueki, T Brown, FB Parsons, DK Kornreich, DE AF Ueki, T Brown, FB Parsons, DK Kornreich, DE TI Autocorrelation and dominance ratio in Monte Carlo criticality calculations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BIASES; ERROR AB The cycle-to-cycle correlation (autocorrelation) in Monte Carlo criticality calculations is analyzed concerning the dominance ratio of fission kernels. The mathematical analysis focuses on how the eigenfunctions of a fission kernel decay if operated on by the cycle-to-cycle error propagation operator Of the Monte Carlo stationary source distribution. The analytical results obtained can be summarized as follows: When the dominance ratio of a fission kernel is close to unity, autocorrelation of the k-effective tallies is weak and may be negligible, while the autocorrelation of the source distribution is strong and decays slowly. The practical implication is that when one analyzes a critical reactor with a large dominance ratio by Monte Carlo methods, the confidence interval estimation of the fission rate and other quantities at individual locations must account for the strong autocorrelation. Numerical results are presented for sample problems with a dominance ratio of 0.85-0.99, where Shannon and relative entropies are utilized to exclude the influence of initial nonstationarity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Diagnost Applicat Grp X 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Primary Design & Assessment Grp X 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Technol Modeling & Anal Grp D 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ueki, T (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, 209 Farris Engn Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 145 IS 3 BP 279 EP 290 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 738LR UT WOS:000186289600001 ER PT J AU Einziger, RE Tsai, HC Billone, MC Hilton, BA AF Einziger, RE Tsai, HC Billone, MC Hilton, BA TI Examination of spent pressurized water reactor fuel rods after 15 years in dry storage SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spent fuel dry storage; fuel characterization ID ZIRCONIUM; HYDROGEN AB For approximate to 15 yr Dominion Generation's Surry Nuclear Station 15 X 15 Westinghouse pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel was stored in a dry inert-atmosphere Castor V/21 cask at the Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory at peak cladding temperatures that decreased from similar to350 to 150degreesC. Before storage, the loaded cask was subjected to thermal-benchmark tests, during which time the peak temperatures were greater than 400degreesC. The cask was opened to examine the fuel rods for degradation and to determine if they were suitable for extended storage. No fuel rod breaches and no visible degradation or crud/oxide spallation from the fuel rod surface were observed. The results from profilometry, gas release measurements, metallographic examinations, microhardness determination, and cladding hydrogen behavior are reported in this paper. It appears that little or no fission gas was released from the fuel pellets during either the thermal-benchmark tests or the long-term storage. In the central region of the fuel column, where the axial temperature gradient in storage is small, the measured hydrogen content in the cladding is consistent with the thickness of the oxide layer. At similar to1 m above the fuel midplane, where a steep temperature gradient existed in the cask, less hydrogen is present than would be expected from the oxide thickness that developed in-reactor. Migration of hydrogen during dry storage probably occurred and may signal a higher-than-expected concentration at the cooler ends of the rod. The volume of hydrides varies azimuthally around the cladding, and at some elevations, the hydrides appear to have segregated somewhat to the inner and outer cladding surfaces. It is, however, impossible to determine if this segregation occurred in-reactor or during transportation, thermal-benchmark tests, or the dry storage period. The hydrides retained the circumferential orientation typical of prestorage PWR fuel rods. Little or no cladding creep occurred during thermal-benchmark testing and dry storage. It is anticipated that the creep would not increase significantly during additional storage because of the lower temperature after 15 yr, continual decrease in temperature from the reduction in decay heat, and concurrent reductions in internal rod pressure and stress. This paper describes the results of the characterization of the fuel and intact cladding, as well as the implications of these results for long-term (i.e., beyond 20 yr) dry-cask storage. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Einziger, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 144 IS 2 BP 186 EP 200 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 731PU UT WOS:000185896300005 ER PT J AU Rechard, RP Sanchez, LC Trellue, HR AF Rechard, RP Sanchez, LC Trellue, HR TI Consideration of nuclear criticality when directly disposing highly enriched spent nuclear fuel in unsaturated tuff-1: Nuclear criticality constraints SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE criticality; critical limits; radioactive waste disposal ID NATURAL FISSION REACTOR; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; OKLO; REPOSITORY; URANIUM; NEVADA; GABON; WASTE AB This paper presents the mass, concentration, and volume required for a critical event to occur in homogeneous mixtures of fissile material and various other geologic materials. The fissile material considered is primarily highly enriched uranium spent fuel; however, Pu-239 is considered in some cases. The non-fissile materials examined are those found in the proposed repository area at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: volcanic tuff, iron rust, concrete, and naturally occurring water. For U-235, the minimum critical solid concentration for tuff was 5 kg/m(3) (similar to sandstone), and in goethite, 45 kg/m(3) The critical mass of uranium was sensitive to a number of factors, such as moisture content and fissile enrichment, but had a minimum, assuming almost 100% saturation and >20% enrichment, of 18 kg in tuff as Soddyite (or 9.5 kg as UO2) and 7 kg in goethite. For Pu-239, the minimum critical solid concentration for tuff was 3 kg/m(3) (similar to sandstone); in goethite, 20 kg/m(3) The critical mass of plutonium was also sensitive to a number of factors, but had a minimum, assuming 100% saturation and 80-90% enrichment, of 5 kg in tuff and 6 kg in goethite. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Secur Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rechard, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Secur Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 106 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 144 IS 2 BP 201 EP 221 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 731PU UT WOS:000185896300006 ER PT J AU Rechard, RB Sanchez, LC Trellue, HR AF Rechard, RB Sanchez, LC Trellue, HR TI Consideration of nuclear criticality when directly disposing highly enriched spent nuclear fuel in unsaturated tuff-II: Geochemical constraints SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE criticality; geologic repository performance; radioactive waste disposal ID PENA-BLANCA DISTRICT; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; WASTE-DISPOSAL; ADSORPTION; FILTRATION; SORPTION; NEVADA; REPOSITORY; TRANSPORT; CHIHUAHUA AB This article presents several reasonable cases in which four mechanisms-dissolution, physical mixing, adsorption, and precipitation (either chemical change or evaporation)-might concentrate fissile material it? and around a disposal container for radioactive waste at the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The possible masses, concentrations, and volume are then compared to criticality limits. The cases examined evaluate the geologic barrier role in preventing criticality since engineered options for preventing criticality (e.g., boron or gadolinium neutron absorber in the disposal container) are not considered. The solid concentrations able to form in the natural environment are insufficient for criticality to occur because (a) solutions of U-235 and Pu-239 are clearly not critical; (b) physical mixing of fissile material with the entire potential iron oxide (as goethite-FeOOH) in a waste package is not critical; (c) the adsorption of Pu-239 on consolidated iron oxide in a waste package is not critical; (d) the adsorption of U-235 on consolidated iron oxide in a waste package is not critical when accounting for reduced adsorption because of carbonates at high pH; (e) the filtration of iron oxide colloids, containing fissile material, by the thin invert material is not critical; (f) insufficient retention through precipitation of U-235 or Pu-239 occurs in the invert; (g) adsorption of U-235 and Pu-239 on devitrified or clinoptolite-rich tuff below the repository is not critical; (h) the average precipitation/adsorption of U-235 as uranyl silicates in the tuff is not critical by analogy with calcite deposition in lithophysae at Yucca Mountain; and (i) precipitation/adsorption (caused by cyclic drying) as uranyl silicates on fracture surfaces of the tuff is not critical by analogy with the oxidation of UO2, migration of U-VI and precipitation in fractures at the Nopal I ore deposit in Mexico. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Secur Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rechard, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Secur Technol Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 111 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 144 IS 2 BP 222 EP 251 PG 30 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 731PU UT WOS:000185896300007 ER PT J AU Papadakis, M Gogoshin, G Kakadiaris, IA Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK AF Papadakis, M Gogoshin, G Kakadiaris, IA Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK TI Nonseparable radial frame multiresolution analysis in multidimensions SO NUMERICAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonseparable multiresolution analysis; wavelets; frames ID FILTER BANKS; WAVELETS AB in this article we present a nonseparable multiresolution structure based on frames which is defined by radial frame scaling functions. The Fourier transform of these functions is the indicator (characteristic) function of a measurable set. We also construct the resulting frame multiwavelets, which can be isotropic as well. Our construction can be carried out in any number of dimensions and for a big variety of dilation matrices. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Comp Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Papadakis, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, 651 Philip G Hoffman Hall, Houston, TX 77204 USA. OI Kakadiaris, Ioannis/0000-0002-0591-1079 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0163-0563 J9 NUMER FUNC ANAL OPT JI Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 24 IS 7-8 BP 907 EP 928 DI 10.1081/NFA-120026385 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 749WM UT WOS:000186953100011 ER PT J AU Beck, CW Congdon, JD AF Beck, CW Congdon, JD TI Energetics of metamorphic climax in the southern toad (Bufo terrestris) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE energy allocation; lipids; metamorphosis; physiological constraints ID AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; RANA-TIGRINA; METABOLISM; LARVAE; COSTS AB During metamorphic climax, anuran larvae must rely on stored energy because changes in oral and digestive morphology prevent foraging and efficient assimilation. Thus, the time required to store adequate energy for metamorphic climax may set a lower limit on age at which it can occur. Therefore, the amount and type of energy used during metamorphic climax must be determined. To quantify the energetic costs of metamorphic climax in Bufo terrestris, oxygen consumption during climax was measured. Wet mass, dry mass, and lipid mass for a group of individuals at the initiation of climax (forelimb emergence, FL) and for another group at the end of climax (complete tail resorption, TR) were also measured to determine whether lipids were used to fuel metamorphic climax. The total amount of energy used, maintenance costs, and development costs during metamorphic climax varied considerably among individuals. Variation in energy metabolism during climax was not related to differences in energy metabolism during larval development or body mass at initiation of climax. TR individuals were significantly lighter in terms of wet mass and had less body water than FL individuals. However, the two groups did not differ in dry mass or lipid mass. Therefore, lipid catabolism is not a major source of energy during metamorphic climax in B. terrestris. As a result, decreases in age at metamorphosis may not be constrained by the need to store energy in the form of lipids. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Beck, CW (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cbeck@biology.emory.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2003 VL 137 IS 3 BP 344 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1374-5 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735CA UT WOS:000186093800004 PM 12955492 ER PT J AU Shealy, DL Dickey, FM AF Shealy, DL Dickey, FM TI Laser beam shaping SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shealy, DL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, CH-310,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Shealy, David/A-5299-2008 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 42 IS 11 BP 3077 EP 3079 DI 10.1117/1.1624611 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 745ZN UT WOS:000186721600004 ER PT J AU Tkachuk, AM Ivanova, SE Isaenko, LI Yelisseyev, AP Joubert, MF Guyot, Y Payne, S AF Tkachuk, AM Ivanova, SE Isaenko, LI Yelisseyev, AP Joubert, MF Guyot, Y Payne, S TI Spectroscopic studies of erbium-doped potassium-lead double chloride crystals KPb2Cl5 : Er3+: 1. Optical spectra and relaxation of excited states of the erbium ion in potassium-lead double chloride crystals SO OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH IONS; TELECOMMUNICATION AMPLIFIERS; MU-M; EMISSION PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ALKALI LEAD; LASER; INTENSITIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ABSORPTION AB Optical spectra, intensities of radiative and nonradiative transitions, and luminescence kinetics in erbium-doped potassium-lead double chloride crystals KPb2Cl5:Er3+ (KPC:Er3+) were investigated. The crystals were grown by the Bridaman-Stockbarger method. Their absorption and luminescence spectra were studied experimentally. The crystal-matrix absorption edge was determined at 80 and 300 K. Intensity parameters, radic ative transition probabilities, branching ratios, and nonradiative relaxation rates were estimated by the Judd-Ofelt method. The luminescence kinetics from the emitting levels (4)G(11/2), (2)G(9/2), S-4(3/2), and F-4(9/2) upon selective excitation was studied. (C) 2003 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, All Russia Res Ctr, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Phys, Peterhof 198504, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Technol Inst Moncrystals, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk 630058, Russia. Univ Lyon 1, Lab Physicochim Mat Luminescents, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tkachuk, AM (reprint author), SI Vavilov State Opt Inst, All Russia Res Ctr, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Isaenko, Ludmila/H-7620-2013; Yelisseyev, Alexander/A-3846-2014; Guyot, Yannick/B-5847-2014; Isaenko, Ludmila/A-5272-2014 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0030-400X J9 OPT SPECTROSC+ JI Opt. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 722 EP 740 DI 10.1134/1.1628721 PG 19 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 757WX UT WOS:000187585400011 ER PT J AU Chao, WL Anderson, E Denbeaux, GP Harteneck, B Liddle, JA Olynick, DL Pearson, AL Salmassi, F Song, CY Attwood, DT AF Chao, WL Anderson, E Denbeaux, GP Harteneck, B Liddle, JA Olynick, DL Pearson, AL Salmassi, F Song, CY Attwood, DT TI Soft 20-nm resolution x-ray microscopy demonstrated by use of multilayer test structures SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; MIRRORS AB A spatial resolution of 20 nm is demonstrated at 2.07-nm wavelength by use of a soft x-ray microscope based on Fresnel zone plate lenses and partially coherent illumination. Nanostructural test patterns, formed by sputtered multilayer coatings and transmission electron microscopy thinning techniques, provide clear experimental results. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chao, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 21 BP 2019 EP 2021 DI 10.1364/OL.28.002019 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733XC UT WOS:000186025100003 PM 14587801 ER PT J AU Lu, G Bulatov, VV Kioussis, N AF Lu, G Bulatov, VV Kioussis, N TI A nonplanar Peierls-Nabarro model and its application to dislocation cross-slip SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID PRINCIPLES; SILICON; METALS AB A novel semidiscrete Peierls-Nabarro model is introduced which can be used to study dislocation spreading at more than one slip plane, such as dislocation cross-slip and junctions. Within this essentially continuum model, the nonlinearity which arises from the atomic interaction across the slip plane is dealt with atomistic and/or ab initio calculations. As an example, we study the dislocation cross-slip and the constriction process in two contrasting fee metals, Al and Ag. We find that the screw dislocation in Al can cross-slip spontaneously in contrast with the screw dislocation in Ag, which splits into two partials, and thus cannot cross-slip without first being constricted. The response of the dislocations to an external stress is examined in detail. The dislocation constriction energy and the critical stress for cross-slip are determined, and, from the latter, we estimate the cross-slip energy barrier for the straight screw dislocations. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RP Lu, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3539 EP 3548 DI 10.1080/14786430310001634630 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900004 ER PT J AU Moldovan, D Wolf, D Phillpot, SR AF Moldovan, D Wolf, D Phillpot, SR TI Linking atomistic and mesoscale simulations of nanocrystalline materials: quantitative validation for the case of grain growth SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; THIN-FILMS; FCC METALS; BOUNDARIES; PALLADIUM; ROTATION; SYSTEMS; CREEP AB Using grain growth in nanocrystalline palladium as a simple case study, we demonstrate how a novel mesoscale approach for simulating microstructural evolution in polycrystalline materials can be validated directly against atomic-level simulations of the same system. We first describe molecular dynamics simulations of grain growth in a columnar model microstructure. The atomic-level insights into the grain-growth mechanism gained from these simulations, particularly in the role of grain rotations, are captured theoretically for incorporation into the mesoscale approach, in which the objects evolving in space and time are the grain boundaries and grain junctions rather than the atoms. With all the input parameters to the mesoscale being physically well defined and obtained directly from the atomic-level simulations, the mesoscale simulations are fully prescribed. We find that the morphology of the mesoscale system evolves in an almost identical manner with that of the molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrating that the length- and time-scale linking has been performed correctly. When applied to systems containing large numbers of grains, the now validated mesoscale simulation approach allows the growth topology and long-time growth kinetics to be determined. As an outlook, we describe how the effects of applied stress can be incorporated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moldovan, D (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3643 EP 3659 DI 10.1080/14786430310001603382 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900011 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Singh, BN AF Heinisch, HL Singh, BN TI Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of void lattice formation during irradiation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOMS; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; PRODUCTION BIAS; BCC IRON; COPPER; CLUSTERS; MOLYBDENUM; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION AB Over the last decade, molecular dynamics simulations of displacement cascades have revealed that glissile clusters of self-interstitial crowdions are formed directly in cascades and that they migrate one-dimensionally along close-packed directions with extremely low activation energies. Occasionally, under various conditions, a crowdion cluster can change its Burgers vector and glide along a different close-packed direction. The recently developed production bias model (PBM) of microstructure evolution under irradiation has been structured specifically to take into account the unique properties of the vacancy and interstitial clusters produced in the cascades. Atomic-scale kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations have played a useful role in understanding the defect reaction kinetics of one-dimensionally migrating crowdion clusters as a function of the frequency of direction changes. This has made it possible to incorporate the migration properties of crowdion clusters and changes in reaction kinetics into the PBM. In the present paper we utilize similar KMC simulations to investigate the significant role that crowdion clusters can play in the formation and stability of void lattices. The creation of stable void lattices, starting from a random distribution of voids, is simulated by a KMC model in which vacancies migrate three-dimensionally and self-interstitial atom (SIA) clusters migrate one-dimensionally, interrupted by directional changes. The necessity of both one-dimensional migration and Burgers vectors changes of SIA clusters for the production of stable void lattices is demonstrated, and the effects of the frequency of Burgers vector changes are described. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hl.heinisch@pnl.gov NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3661 EP 3676 DI 10.1080/14786430310001605416 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900012 ER PT J AU Biner, SB Morris, JR AF Biner, SB Morris, JR TI The effects of grain size and dislocation source density on the strengthening behaviour of polycrystals: a two-dimensional discrete dislocation simulation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID ALGORITHM AB In this study, the evolution of the flow stress for grain sizes ranging from about I I to I mum under shear deformation was examined using two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics. The grain boundaries were assumed to be both the only sources for nucleation of the dislocations and also the only obstacles to the dislocation motion. The analyses were confined to a single-slip system within each grain, with various orientations with respect to the slip system of neighbouring grains. The simulations were carried out for two sets of system sizes. In the first set of simulations the grain morphology was kept constant and the simulation unit cell size varied from 25 mum x 25 mum to 2.5 mum x 2.5 mum. In the second set of simulations the simulation unit-cell size was kept at 25 mum x 25 mum and the grain size was varied. For the grain-size ranges considered, an inverse relationship between the grain size and 0.2% offset flow stress in the form of the Hall-Petch relationship with a d(-1/2) dependence was observed, although there is some uncertainty in the exponent. The evolution of flow stress follows a narrow band when expressed as a function of dislocation density divided by the dislocation source density and hence suggests a scaling with the grain size, as seen in an earlier study. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3677 EP 3690 DI 10.1080/14786430310001599414 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900013 ER PT J AU LeSar, R Rickman, JM AF LeSar, R Rickman, JM TI Coarse-grained descriptions of dislocation behaviour SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID RANDOM-WALKS; ISING-MODEL; RENORMALIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; LATTICES; CRYSTALS; SYSTEMS; METALS AB Recent computational advances have permitted mesoscale simulations of systems containing of the order of 10(6) dislocations. While such simulations are beginning to provide a wealth of information about dislocation energetics and dynamics, it is worth noting that the macroscopic deformation response of well-worked materials with dislocation densities ranging between 10(10) and 10(14) m(2) can be accurately described by a smaller number of macrovariables and an appropriate relation between these variables. The large-scale reduction in the number of degrees of freedom required to characterize plastic deformation implies that homogenization, or coarse graining, of variables is appropriate over some range of length and time scales. Here, we describe recent work in which temporal and spatial coarse-graining strategies are identified, which link the mesoscale with the continuum. More specifically, three distinct examples are considered: the impact of solute-dislocation interactions on dislocation mobility (including pinning effects); thermally induced dislocation interactions; dislocation structure and properties at spatially coarse scales, primarily in two dimensions. In this latter example we formulate a continuum Hamiltonian and identify the corresponding macrovariable set (including the dislocation density and its gradients) that is relevant at each level of the coarse-graining hierarchy. Our goal is to show how these seemingly unrelated problems can be viewed as part of a unified picture of coarse-grained dislocation behaviour. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lesar@lanl.gov RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3809 EP 3827 DI 10.1080/14786430310001599513 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900021 ER PT J AU El-Azab, A Liang, Y AF El-Azab, A Liang, Y TI Nanoscale copper oxide ring structure on an SrTiO3 substrate SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID ELECTRON-ELECTRON INTERACTION; MAGNETIC QUANTUM RING; PERSISTENT CURRENTS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION; SURFACE; DIFFUSION; STATES; SINGLE; FILMS AB Nanoscale rings with diameters ranging from 70 to 120 nm and densities of up to 10(9) cm(-2) have been observed on the surface of a thin copper film during processing by oxygen plasma at temperatures in the range from 600 to 700degreesC. The copper film was deposited on SrTiO3 under ultra-high-vacuum conditions at room temperature. The structural and chemical behaviours of the surface have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XPS showed that cupric oxide formed and that the amount of copper left on the surface decreased significantly. AFM showed that self-assembled rings formed at later stages of the process. Theoretical analysis of the initial growth stage showed that the ring morphology arose owing to surface diffusion induced by the elastic strain gradient at the film surface. Analysis of the ring growth dynamics also revealed that sublimation suppresses the growth of the ring morphology except within a finite-wavelength band of growing perturbations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP El-Azab, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd,Box 99, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3847 EP 3869 DI 10.1080/14786430310001605425 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900023 ER PT J AU Hughes, DA Hansen, N AF Hughes, DA Hansen, N TI Deformation structures developing on fine scales SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modelling (MMM) CY JUN 17-22, 2002 CL QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND HO QUEEN MARY UNIV LONDON ID DISLOCATION BOUNDARIES; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; LARGE STRAINS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MISORIENTATION; EVOLUTION; SURFACE; NICKEL AB Quantitative measurement and analysis of structural parameters has shown for a variety of metals and processes that the microstructural evolution follows a universal path of grain subdivision down to the nanoscale. This behaviour has allowed an analysis of the formation and evolution of graded nanoscale structures produced by sliding. Transmission electron microscopy studies and scaling analyses of such structures show the dominating role of dislocations in the development deformation microstructures on multiple length scales. The crucial role of dislocations has been documented by high-resolution electron microscopy analysis, which has revealed the presence of a large number of glide dislocations in layers between geometrically necessary boundaries with individual spacing as fine as 5 nm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 83 IS 31-34 SI SI BP 3871 EP 3893 DI 10.1080/14786430310001605560 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 757YB UT WOS:000187602900024 ER PT J AU Wolfer, WG AF Wolfer, WG TI Image stresses of dislocation loops and lenticular inclusions, and their effects SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-PARAMETER; ENERGY AB Average image stresses infinite solids with defects are evaluated with the Tanaka-Mori-Mura method. It is found that the image stresses depend on the size of the defects in addition to their volume fraction. The failure of earlier approaches to obtain any size dependence is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wolfer, WG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wolfer1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 EI 1362-3036 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 83 IS 11 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1080/09500830310001614504 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 742CR UT WOS:000186498500004 ER PT J AU Inokuti, M Rau, ARP AF Inokuti, M Rau, ARP TI Ugo Fano (1912-2001) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Inokuti, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 BP C96 EP C103 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.068a00C96 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750CP UT WOS:000186974000009 ER PT J AU Inoki, CK Kuan, TS Sagar, A Lee, CD Feenstra, RM Koleske, DD Diaz, DJ Bohn, PW Adesida, I AF Inoki, CK Kuan, TS Sagar, A Lee, CD Feenstra, RM Koleske, DD Diaz, DJ Bohn, PW Adesida, I TI Growth of GaN on porous SiC and GaN substrates SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS-5) CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL NARA, JAPAN ID REDUCTION; EPITAXY AB GaN films were grown on porous SiC and GaN templates using both plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to evaluate possible advantage of epitaxy on a porous substrate. For the growth of GaN on porous SiC by PAMBE, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicate that the exposed SiC suface pores tend to extend into the GaN film as open tubes and to trap Ga droplets. The GaN layers grown on porous templates have fewer threading dislocations originating at the interface, but they have additional defects in the form of half-loop dislocations which act to relieve the strain in the films. For PAMBE of GaN on porous GaN, dislocations existing in the porous seed layer are seen to propagate through the porous layer into the overgrown GaN, resulting in no dislocation reduction. For MOCVD of GaN on porous GaN, the initial regrowth tend to bend laterally the dislocations and enhance their annihilation, resulting in 5-10 x fewer dislocations in the overgrown film. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Vertag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Proc Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kuan, TS (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RI Feenstra, Randall/P-2530-2014 OI Feenstra, Randall/0000-0001-7120-5685 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 200 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 DI 10.1002/pssa.200303542 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 753MF UT WOS:000187234600010 ER PT J AU Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Koleske, DD Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY AF Freitas, JA Moore, WJ Shanabrook, BV Braga, GCB Koleske, DD Lee, SK Park, SS Han, JY TI Shallow donors in GaN SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK ID PHASE EPITAXIAL GAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; SAPPHIRE; EXCITONS; GROWTH; FILMS; SI AB High-resolution, variable temperature PL experiments were performed in the spectral region associated with recombination processes involving the ground and excited states of the neutral donor bound excitons. High-resolution infrared measurements in combination with high-sensitive SIMS unambiguously identified Si and O shallow donors and yield their ground state binding energies. These binding energies are in excellent agreement with values obtained by the analysis of the two-electron-satellite PL spectra considering the participation of ground and excited state donor bound excitons. This work clarifies conflicting aspects existing in donor identification and the binding energies of the impurities and excitons. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Fis, BR-70910 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. RP Freitas, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 240 IS 2 BP 330 EP 336 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303402 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VV UT WOS:000186712100013 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Hanna, MC Geisz, JF Wang, LW Mascarenhas, A AF Zhang, Y Fluegel, B Hanna, MC Geisz, JF Wang, LW Mascarenhas, A TI Effects of heavy nitrogen doping in III-V semiconductors - How well does the conventional wisdom hold for the dilute nitrogen "III-V-N alloys"? SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK ID ELECTRON EFFECTIVE-MASS; BAND-GAP; GAASN ALLOYS; IMPURITY BAND; GAAS1-XNX; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROREFLECTANCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LOCALIZATION; LUMINESCENCE AB Although heavily N doped III-V semiconductors are frequently referred to as dilute nitrogen III-V-nitride alloys in general, it is important to realize that there are some subtle but important differences among them. In the indirect gap semiconductor GaP, since even a single N impurity can have a bound state, as far as the absorption near the band gap is concerned, it is difficult to describe GaP: N as an alloy. The N induced bound states (a hierarchy of impurity complexes) can in fact give rise to rather strong absorption below the indirect band gap, which effectively reduced the energy of the "absorption edge", but the position of the absorption edge cannot be defined in a conventional way. In the direct gap semiconductor GaAs, a single N impurity does not form a bound state but instead has a resonant state above the conduction band edge. In this aspect, GaAs: N is similar to the situation in a conventional alloy, say, GaAs: P, except that the perturbation of N to the host is much stronger than that of P. However, because in reality N incorporation is typically in a random manner and a cluster as small as one N pair can generate bound states, the permissible region for GaAs: N to behave as a regular alloy is in fact rather limited, i.e., only when the N concentration is low enough so that the N pair and cluster states do not significantly interact with the host. In this study, a precise tracking of the evolution of the host and N induced impurity states will be offered for the two prototype systems, GaAs: N and GaP: N, with x varying from as low as similar to10(-5) to similar to10(-2). Such a study gives valuable insight to the underlying physics of the material evolution, sets up a bench-mark for testing the theoretical modeling of this type of system, and serves to enhance our understanding of the behavior of isoelectronic impurities in semiconductors in general. The dissimilarity between GaP: N and GaAs: N indicates that seeking a unified model for all the isoelectronic doping systems is unrealistic. Our study also indicates that for strongly perturbed systems like GaP: N and GaAs: N, certain materials properties could be less well defined or not uniquely defined, as compared to those in other conventional semiconductor alloys. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 240 IS 2 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1002/pssb.200303329 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VV UT WOS:000186712100028 ER PT J AU Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ TI Narrow bandgap group III-nitride alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on II-VI Compounds CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL NIAGARA FALLS, NY ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC LAYER EPITAXY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INDIUM NITRIDE; INN; GAP; DEPENDENCE AB High-quality wurtzite In-rich In1-xGaxN (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.5) and In1-yAlyN films (0 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.25) were grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Optical absorption, photoluminescence and photomodulated reflectance measurements demonstrate that the fundamental bandgap for InN is only about 0.7 eV. The free electron effective mass is found to vary with free electron concentration, the consequence of a strongly non-parabolic conduction band caused by the k (.) p interaction with the valence bands across the narrow bandgap. The bandgap gradually increases with increasing Ga or Al content in In1-xGaxN or In1-yAlyN alloys. The composition dependencies of the bandgaps are well described by bowing parameters of 1.4 eV for In1-xGaxN and 3.0 eV for In1-yAlyN. The direct gaps of the group III-nitride alloy system cover a very broad spectral range from the near-infrared in InN to deep-ultraviolet in AlN. This offers unique opportunities for the use of these alloys in a wide range of optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM w_walukiewicz@lbl.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 240 IS 2 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1002/pssb.2003030475 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 745VV UT WOS:000186712100031 ER PT J AU Striolo, A Tavares, FW Bratko, D Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Striolo, A Tavares, FW Bratko, D Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Analytic calculation of phase diagrams for charged dipolar colloids with orientation-averaged pair potentials SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; EQUILIBRIA; CRYSTALLIZATION; LYSOZYME; BEHAVIOR; FORCES; PH AB Molecular thermodynamics is used to calculate phase diagrams for aqueous charged dipolar colloids or globular proteins. Because normal pressures are not important for condensed systems, here a phase diagram is a plot of temperature versus colloid concentration. Properties of the fluid phase are obtained from the random-phase approximation, whereas those for the solid phase correspond to a perfect crystal. Crystal structures considered are face-centered and body-centered cubic. For each phase, the Helmholtz energy is determined by the sum of a hard-sphere reference term and a perturbation term that uses a potential of mean force for pairs of charged, dipolar colloids that also interact through dispersion forces. In view of different screening effects on charge-charge repulsion and dipolar attraction, the net electrostatic term features an extremum at intermediate ionic strengths leading to a non-monotonic dependence of the phase behavior on salt concentration. Illustrative phase diagrams are shown as a function of colloid charge, dipole moment, and ionic strength of the aqueous medium. Calculated results show that the phase diagram is sensitive to the structure assumed for the solid phase. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Escola Quim, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 5 IS 21 BP 4851 EP 4857 DI 10.1039/b309975j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 742AG UT WOS:000186492100017 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Schneider, HC Phillips, MC AF Chow, WW Schneider, HC Phillips, MC TI Theory of quantum-coherence phenomena in semiconductor quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; INVERSION; AMPLIFICATION; TRANSIENT; STATES AB This paper explores quantum-coherence phenomena in a semiconductor quantum-dot structure. The calculations predict the occurrence of inversionless gain, electromagnetically induced transparency, and refractive-index enhancement in the transient regime for dephasing rates typical under room temperature and high excitation conditions. They also indicate deviations from atomic systems because of strong many-body effects. Specifically, Coulomb interaction involving states of the quantum dots and the continuum belonging to the surrounding quantum well leads to collision-induced population redistribution and many-body energy and field renormalizations that modify the magnitude, spectral shape, and time dependence of quantum-coherence effects. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Kaiserslautern, Dept Phys, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Laser Opt & Remote Sensing Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schneider, Hans Christian/B-9450-2009 OI Schneider, Hans Christian/0000-0001-7656-4919 NR 27 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 053802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.053802 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 750BF UT WOS:000186970900090 ER PT J AU Lopez, CC Paz, JP AF Lopez, CC Paz, JP TI Phase-space approach to the study of decoherence in quantum walks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID WIGNER-FUNCTION AB We analyze the quantum walk on a cycle using discrete Wigner functions as a way to represent the states and the evolution of the walker. The method provides some insight on the nature of the interference effects that make quantum and classical walks different. We also study the behavior of the system when the quantum coin carried by the walker interacts with an environment. We show that for this system quantum coherence is robust for initially delocalized states of the walker. The use of phase-space representation enables us to develop an intuitive description of the nature of the decoherence process in this system. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Gianbiagi, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lopez, CC (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Gianbiagi, Pabellon 1,Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 052305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.052305 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 750BF UT WOS:000186970900026 ER PT J AU Paz, JP Roncaglia, A AF Paz, JP Roncaglia, A TI Quantum gate arrays can be programmed to evaluate the expectation value of any operator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY AB A programmable gate array is a circuit whose action is controlled by input data. In this paper we describe a special-purpose quantum circuit that can be programmed to evaluate the expectation value of any operator O acting on a space of states of N dimensions. The circuit has a program register whose state \Psi(O)>(P) encodes the operator O whose expectation value is to be evaluated. The method requires knowledge of the expansion of O in a basis of the space of operators. We discuss some applications of this circuit and its relation to known instances of quantum state tomography. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Giambiagi, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Giambiagi, Pabellon 1, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Paz, Juan/C-5947-2008 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 052316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.052316 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 750BF UT WOS:000186970900037 ER PT J AU Vanroose, W McCurdy, CW Rescigno, TN AF Vanroose, W McCurdy, CW Rescigno, TN TI Scattering of slow electrons by polar molecules: Application of effective-range potential theory to HCl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; S-MATRIX; CROSS-SECTIONS; DOUBLE POLES; RESONANCES; IMPACT; STATES; HBR; HF AB We present a nonempirical potential model for studying threshold vibrational excitation of polar molecules by electron impact. This work builds on the zero-range potential virtual state model of Gauyacq and Herzenberg [J. P. Gauyacq and A. Herzenberg, Phys. Rev. A 25, 2959 (1982)], using known analytic properties of the S matrix for a dipole potential to predict the analytic continuation of the negative ion potential curve into the continuum. We derive an equation that determines the nuclear dynamics which can be solved without the need for an expansion in target vibrational states. The model is applied to e(-)-HCl and is found to capture the essential features of the observed excitation cross sections, including both the threshold peaks as well as oscillatory structures at energies above threshold. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vanroose, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 052713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.68.052713 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 750BF UT WOS:000186970900054 ER PT J AU Aladyshkin, AY Buzdin, AI Fraerman, AA Mel'nikov, AS Ryzhov, DA Sokolov, AV AF Aladyshkin, AY Buzdin, AI Fraerman, AA Mel'nikov, AS Ryzhov, DA Sokolov, AV TI Domain-wall superconductivity in hybrid superconductor-ferromagnet structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID II SUPERCONDUCTOR; MAGNETIC DOTS; VORTEX STRUCTURE; ARRAYS; FILM; LATTICE; BILAYER; FIELD AB On the basis of a phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau approach we investigate the problem of order parameter nucleation in hybrid superconductor-ferromagnet systems with a domain structure in an applied external magnetic field. Both isolated domain boundaries and periodic domain structures in ferromagnetic layers are considered. We study the interplay between superconductivity localized at the domain walls and far from the walls and show that such an interplay determines a peculiar field dependence of the critical temperature T-c. For a periodic domain structure the behavior of the upper critical field of superconductivity nucleation near T-c is strongly influenced by the overlapping of the superconducting nuclei localized over different domains. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Phys Mol Opt & Hertzienne, CNRS, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aladyshkin, AY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, GSP-105, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Buzdin, Alexander/I-6038-2013; Mel'nikov, Alexander/E-8099-2017 OI Mel'nikov, Alexander/0000-0002-4241-467X NR 37 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 18 AR 184508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.184508 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750PE UT WOS:000187004300070 ER PT J AU Brojeny, AAB Clem, JR AF Brojeny, AAB Clem, JR TI Magnetic-field and current-density distributions in thin-film superconducting rings and disks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-STATE MODEL; EDGE BARRIER; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-PENETRATION; LOSSES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HYSTERESIS; STRIPS; CURVES; NOISE AB We show how to calculate the magnetic-field and sheet-current distributions for a thin-film superconducting annular ring (inner radius a, outer radius b, and thickness dd/2, the two-dimensional screening length obeys Lambda=2lambda(2)/d0, while the characteristic Kondo energy is T(K)approximate to10 K as determined from the C-p/T ratio at T-N. Above 20 K alpha(T) is dominated by crystalline-electric-field (CEF) effects. The data are consistent with a CEF level scheme consisting of excited Gamma(7)((1)) and Gamma(6) doublets lying 71+/-6 K and 195+/-10 K above a Gamma(7)((2)) ground state. In the paramagnetic state (T>T-N) the volume magnetostriction follows a simple scaling law, lambdaproportional to[H/(T+T-lambda)](2). The scaling parameter T-lambda=5 K is consistent with the Kondo temperature determined from alpha(T) and C-p(T) data. Analysis of lambda(H,T) data also indicates that the magnetic and electronic energy scales associated with the Kondo state in Ce2RhIn8 are equivalent. These thermodynamic data indicate that the physical properties of Ce2RhIn8 result from competition between magnetic exchange, Kondo, and CEF interactions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malinowski, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Malinowski, Artur/A-2184-2015 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Malinowski, Artur/0000-0003-3771-9353 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 18 AR 184419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.184419 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750PE UT WOS:000187004300057 ER PT J AU Maniadis, P Kalosakas, G Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR AF Maniadis, P Kalosakas, G Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR TI Polaron normal modes in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RANGE CHARGE-TRANSFER; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NONLINEAR LATTICES; DNA DENATURATION; MOTION; BREATHERS; TRANSPORT; CHAINS; BASES AB A number of experimental and theoretical works have suggested the relevance of polaronic effects for charge migration in DNA. We have previously introduced the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model as an appropriate model for the description of such effects. The polaron normal modes are expected to manifest themselves through the response of the system in an external time-periodic field. Here, following a brief presentation of the polaron solutions and their energies in the Peyrard-Bishop-Holstein model, we report the normal modes of these solutions and discuss the complete density of states of polaron eigenfrequencies and its dependence on the charge-lattice coupling constant. We find a rather intriguing behavior of some localized modes, integral to the polaron, as they show level crossings and avoided level crossings, and/or change character from being predominantly lattice (or electronic) modes for strong charge-lattice coupling to becoming almost exclusively electronic (phononic) modes as the coupling decreases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Maniadis, Panagiotis/A-7861-2012; Kalosakas, George/L-6211-2013 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Kalosakas, George/0000-0001-7763-718X NR 43 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 17 AR 174304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.174304 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750BN UT WOS:000186971600036 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, MK Sanyal, MK Mukadam, MD Yusuf, SM Basu, JK AF Mukhopadhyay, MK Sanyal, MK Mukadam, MD Yusuf, SM Basu, JK TI Field induced two-dimensional ferromagnetic ordering in a gadolinium stearate Langmuir-Blodgett film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; GROWTH AB Magnetic properties of materials confined to nanometer length scales are providing important information regarding low dimensional physics. Using gadolinium based Langmuir-Blodgett films, we have shown that a two-dimensional short range ferromagnetic order with no spontaneous magnetization occur as the field is applied along the normal to the growth (in-plane) direction. However, along the growth (out-of-plane) direction, we observe expected paramagnetic behavior down to a temperature of 2 K and a field of up to 70 kOe. We found that in-plane saturation moment increases and the field required to get this saturation decreases with decreasing temperature. These results are consistent with the theoretical predictions on isolated two-dimensional spin system having critical point at T=0. We have provided preliminary explanations of the observed field induced two-dimensional ferromagnetic ordering by considering asymmetric exchange coupling. C1 Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Surface Phys Div, Kolkata 700064, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Solid State Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Surface Phys Div, 1-AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India. RI Mukhopadhyay, Mrinmay/E-6667-2012; sanyal, milan/J-2527-2015 OI sanyal, milan/0000-0002-3847-8793 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 17 AR 174427 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.174427 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750BN UT WOS:000186971600063 ER PT J AU Nucara, A Perucchi, A Calvani, P Aselage, T Emin, D AF Nucara, A Perucchi, A Calvani, P Aselage, T Emin, D TI Effect of oxygen reduction on the optical conductivity of La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; MANGANITES; ABSORPTION; TRANSPORT; COLLAPSE; POLARON AB Reflectivity measurements are used to obtain the optical conductivity of three La0.75Ca0.25MnO3-y samples annealed under increasingly strong reducing conditions. All three samples are nearly saturated ferromagnets although their Curie temperatures fall progressively from T-c=221 K to T-c=187 K with maximum de-oxygenation. The presence of Drude absorption indicates that the unreduced and the slightly reduced samples are electrical conductors below T-c. However, the most reduced sample manifests an insulatinglike optical conductivity at all temperatures. Thus, ferromagnetism and insulating behavior coexist in the most-reduced sample. This result contradicts the notion that mobile charge carriers of an electrically conducting manganite induce its ferromagnetism. Beyond Drude absorption, midinfrared and near-infrared absorptions are also observed. A midinfrared absorption band is present in all samples. The energy at its peak falls markedly with decreasing temperature. Moreover, near-infrared absorption is found in the nonconducting sample and in the high-temperature insulating phase of the conducting samples. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of models for properties of doped manganites. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Coherentia Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nucara, A (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Coherentia Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Piazzale A Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 17 AR 174432 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.174432 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750BN UT WOS:000186971600068 ER PT J AU Paiva, T Esirgen, G Scalettar, RT Huscroft, C McMahan, AK AF Paiva, T Esirgen, G Scalettar, RT Huscroft, C McMahan, AK TI Doping-dependent study of the periodic Anderson model in three dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATING ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; KONDO VOLUME-COLLAPSE; DYNAMICAL MEAN-FIELD; CONSERVING APPROXIMATIONS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; SCREENING CLOUD; FERMION SYSTEMS; MOTT TRANSITION AB We study a simple model for f-electron systems, the three-dimensional periodic Anderson model, in which localized f states hybridize with neighboring d states. The f states have a strong on-site repulsion which suppresses the double occupancy and can lead to the formation of a Mott-Hubbard insulator. When the hybridization between the f and d states increases, the effects of these strong electron correlations gradually diminish, giving rise to interesting phenomena on the way. We use the exact quantum Monte Carlo, approximate diagrammatic fluctuation-exchange approximation, and mean-field Hartee-Fock methods to calculate the local moment, entropy, antiferromagnetic structure factor, singlet correlator, and internal energy as a function of the f-d hybridization for various dopings. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this work to the volume-collapse phenomenon experimentally observed in f-electron systems. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Roseville, CA 95747 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paiva, T (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 68-528, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Paiva, Thereza/B-9778-2013 OI Paiva, Thereza/0000-0002-4199-3809 NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 19 AR 195111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.195111 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 752LU UT WOS:000187163000045 ER PT J AU Park, S Lee, Y Moodenbaugh, A Vogt, T AF Park, S Lee, Y Moodenbaugh, A Vogt, T TI Synthesis and high-pressure behavior of Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.3H(2)O and related phases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION AB We have prepared powder samples of NaxCoO2.yH(2)O using an alternative synthesis route. Superconductivity was observed in Na0.3CoO2.1.3H(2)O between 4 and 5 K as indicated by the magnetic susceptibility. The bulk compressibilities of Na0.3CoO2.1.3H(2)O, Na0.3CoO2.0.6H(2)O, and Na0.3CoO2 were determined using a diamond anvil cell and synchrotron powder diffraction. Chemical changes occurring under pressure when using different pressure-transmitting media are discussed and further transport measurements are advocated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tvogt@bnl.gov RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 18 AR 180505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.180505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750PE UT WOS:000187004300014 ER PT J AU Rydh, A Welp, U Hiller, JM Koshelev, AE Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Kim, KHP Kim, KH Jung, CU Lee, HS Kang, B Lee, SI AF Rydh, A Welp, U Hiller, JM Koshelev, AE Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Kim, KHP Kim, KH Jung, CU Lee, HS Kang, B Lee, SI TI Surface contribution to the superconducting properties of MgB2 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2 SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-FIELD; PURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORIGIN AB We demonstrate direct evidence of possible surface superconductivity on small, well-shaped MgB2 single crystals. Transport measurements in the range H<1.6H(c2)(c), where H-c2(c) is the bulk upper critical field for the c axis, show non-Ohmic and strongly angular-dependent resistivity. Studies of the alignment of H with selected crystal surfaces, transport and specific heat measurements on the same crystal, and a physical sculpturing of the crystal surfaces using a focused ion beam all support the conclusion. Similar, albeit less pronounced results are obtained for fields in the basal plane. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, NCRICS, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rydh@anl.gov RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009; Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013; Rydh, Andreas/A-7068-2012 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008; Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906; Rydh, Andreas/0000-0001-6641-4861 NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 17 AR 172502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.172502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750BN UT WOS:000186971600018 ER PT J AU Schmeltzer, D Saxena, A Bishop, AR Smith, DL AF Schmeltzer, D Saxena, A Bishop, AR Smith, DL TI Spin diode in the ballistic regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We propose a spin diode based on two semiconducting quantum wires coupled by a tunnel barrier. Applying a voltage and a magnetic field gradient between the two semiconductor wires, we obtain a spin current rectification device which operates in the ballistic regime. Using the scattering states formalism, we derive an exact analytic expression for the tunneling current. The characteristics I(V,H) of the spin diode are determined. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmeltzer, D (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 19 AR 195317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.195317 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 752LU UT WOS:000187163000085 ER PT J AU Sternberg, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Sternberg, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA TI Carbon dimers on the diamond (100) surface: Growth and nucleation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SI AD-DIMERS; NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; DICARBON; HYDROGEN; SI(001); SI(100); FILMS; C-2 AB We use a density-functional based tight-binding method to study diamond growth by C-2 on a nonhydrogenated diamond (100)-(2x1) surface. The study is motivated by advances in the growth of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films under hydrogen-poor conditions. We identify and classify stable adsorbate configurations formed above dimer rows and troughs on the reconstructed surface. We also investigate adsorption and migration barriers using the nudged elastic band method. We find viable adsorption pathways leading to chain growth and step advancement. Initial depositions proceed without barriers into topologically imperfect configurations. The most stable configuration is a growth position that bridges two adjacent surface dimers along a dimer row. It is reached over a barrier of 1.2 eV and has an adsorption energy of -6.9 eV. Many other configurations exist that have adsorption energies differing by up to 2.7 eV. By comparison, analogous structures for silicon are fewer in number and closer in energy because Si lacks pi bonding, which is important for C-2 on diamond. Migration barriers for ad-dimers are in the range of 2-3 eV due to relatively large differences in the energies of intermediate local minima. Comparing our results with previous studies on the (110) surface, we note that barriers leading to growth are higher and pathways are more complex on the (100) surface. The barriers suggest that reactions leading to both growth and re-nucleation are possible, which helps to understand the small observed grain sizes in UNCD. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sternberg, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 20 AR 205330 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.205330 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754KB UT WOS:000187314400068 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Okada, T Wen, P Wang, XL Pan, MX Zhao, DQ Utsumi, W AF Wang, WH Okada, T Wen, P Wang, XL Pan, MX Zhao, DQ Utsumi, W TI Effect of pressure on nucleation and growth in the Zr(46.75)Ti(8.25)Cu(7.5)Ni(10)Be(27.5) bulk glass-forming alloy investigated using in situ x-ray diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALLIC-GLASS; AMORPHOUS ALLOY; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; THERMAL-STABILITY; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; MELTS AB The effects of pressure up to 10 GPa on nucleation and growth in a typical Zr(46.75)Ti(8.25)Cu(7.5)Ni(10)Be(27.5) (vit4) bulk glass-forming alloy during heating, isothermal annealing, and cooling processes were investigated using in situ x-ray diffraction with a synchrotron radiation. It is found that pressure has diverse effects on the nucleation and growth depending on different heat treatments. The constant heating under high pressure can affect the stability of the supercooled liquid state and increase the crystallization temperature. Isothermal high pressure annealing leads to nanocrystallization, which is attributed to the copious nucleation and slow growth velocity. Pressure can enhance the glass forming ability of the alloy by effectively suppressing the crystallization during cooling; bulk glass can be obtained by cooling the melt alloy under high pressure at low cooling rate. The various effects of high pressure on the nucleation and growth and the crystalline phases formed are discussed from the points of view of nucleation kinetics and thermodynamics. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, SPring 8, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wang, WH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM whw@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 18 AR 184105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.184105 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750PE UT WOS:000187004300020 ER PT J AU Wu, J Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W He, G Haller, EE Mars, DE Chamberlin, DR AF Wu, J Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W He, G Haller, EE Mars, DE Chamberlin, DR TI Mutual passivation effects in Si-doped diluted InyGa1-yAs1-xNx alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ION-IMPLANTATION; BAND; NITROGEN; DIFFUSION; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; STATES; FIELD AB We report systematic investigations of the mutual passivation effects of Si hydrogenic donors and isovalent nitrogen in dilute InGaAs1-xNx alloys. Upon thermal annealing at temperatures above similar to650 degreesC, the Si atoms diffuse assisted by the formation and migration of Ga vacancies. When they find nitrogen atoms, they form stable Si-Ga-N-As nearest-neighbor pairs. As a result of the pair formation, the electrical activity of Si-Ga donors is passivated. At the same time, the effect of an equal number of N-As atoms is also deactivated. The passivation of the shallow donors and the N-As atoms is manifested in a drastic reduction in the free electron concentration and, simultaneously, an increase in the fundamental band gap. Analytical calculations of the passivation process based on Ga vacancies mediated diffusion show good agreement with the experimental results. Monte Carlo simulations have also been performed for a comparison with these results. The effects of mutual passivation on the mobility of free electrons are quantitatively explained on the basis of the band anticrossing model. Optical properties of annealed Si-doped InGaAs1-xNx samples are also discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM w_walukiewicz@lbl.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 19 AR 195202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.195202 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 752LU UT WOS:000187163000060 ER PT J AU Zasadzinski, JF Coffey, L Romano, P Yusof, Z AF Zasadzinski, JF Coffey, L Romano, P Yusof, Z TI Tunneling spectroscopy of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta: Eliashberg analysis of the spectral dip feature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE SPIN EXCITATION; DENSITY-OF-STATES; QUASI-PARTICLE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTING STATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SYMMETRY; PEAK AB Eliashberg strong-coupling theory, extended to a d-wave symmetric gap function, is used to fit quantitatively a published tunneling spectrum of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta near optimal doping. The shape, location, and strength of the high-bias spectral dip feature is adequately reproduced using a single-peak alpha(2)F(omega) centered at 36.5 meV. alpha(2)F(omega) also self-consistently determines the measured gap value Delta=32 meV. Possible origins of the bosonic spectrum that give rise to high-T-C superconductivity are discussed. C1 IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Sannio, INFM, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. Univ Sannio, Fac Sci, I-82100 Benevento, Italy. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 18 AR 180504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.180504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 750PE UT WOS:000187004300013 ER PT J AU Bellini, V Capogni, M Caracappa, A Casano, L D'Angelo, A Ghio, F Girolami, B Hoblit, S Hu, L Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Miceli, L Moricciani, D Sandorfi, AM Schaerf, C Thorn, CE AF Bellini, V Capogni, M Caracappa, A Casano, L D'Angelo, A Ghio, F Girolami, B Hoblit, S Hu, L Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Miceli, L Moricciani, D Sandorfi, AM Schaerf, C Thorn, CE TI Polarized Compton scattering from He-4 in the Delta region SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COHERENT PI(0) PHOTOPRODUCTION; RESONANCE REGION; PHOTON SCATTERING; DELTA(1232) RESONANCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; HOLE MODEL; C-12; PHOTOABSORPTION; ENERGY AB Differential cross sections and beam asymmetries of Compton scattering from He-4 have been measured with linearly polarized photons in the energy range from 206 to 310 MeV . The quality of the results has the potential to provide strong constraints on the understanding of the reaction mechanism in the Delta resonance region. A phenomenological analysis of the experimental results has been performed fitting the data to a multipole expansion including dipole and quadrupole scatterings in the impulse approximation. Results indicate that quadrupole contributions should not be neglected to reproduce the general trend of the experimental results. Comparison with predictions from recent theoretical models shows that important discrepancies exist particularly at backward angles. The additional information carried by the incident photon spin increases the difficulty in achieving a comprehensive description of experimental data. C1 Univ Catania, Dipartmento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 2, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Bellini, V (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dipartmento Fis, Corso Italia 57, I-95129 Catania, Italy. RI D'Angelo, Annalisa/A-2439-2012; moricciani, dario/C-5002-2014; GHIO, FRANCESCO/F-2092-2015; BELLINI, Vincenzo/B-1239-2012 OI D'Angelo, Annalisa/0000-0003-3050-4907; moricciani, dario/0000-0002-1737-8857; BELLINI, Vincenzo/0000-0001-6906-7463 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054607 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300045 ER PT J AU Distel, JR Cleveland, BT Lande, K Lee, CK Wildenhain, PS Allen, GE Burman, RL AF Distel, JR Cleveland, BT Lande, K Lee, CK Wildenhain, PS Allen, GE Burman, RL TI Measurement of the cross section for the reaction I-127(nu(e),e(-))Xe-127(bound states) with neutrinos from the decay of stopped muons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ENERGY NEUTRINOS; SOLAR MODELS; DETECTOR; NUMBER; GALLEX; FLUX; C-12 AB The cross section for the reaction I-127(nu(e), e(-))Xe-127(bound states) has been measured for electron neutrinos from the decay of stopped muons to be [2.84+/-0.91(stat )+/-0.25(syst )]x10(-40) cm(2). A tank containing 1540 kg of I-127 in the form of NaI solution was placed 8.53 m from the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility beamstop, where it received a typical flux of 5x10(7) nu(e)/(cm(2) s) . The Xe-127 atoms produced by neutrino capture were extracted from the target solution, placed in miniature proportional counters, and their number was determined by counting. This is the first measurement of a neutrino capture cross section for an I nucleus and is in good agreement with a recent calculation. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Distel, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054613 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300051 ER PT J AU Klay, JL Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Anderson, MG Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Chung, P Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Huo, L Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Law, C Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, SY Pinkenburg, C Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Wang, S Wells, R Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN AF Klay, JL Ajitanand, NN Alexander, JM Anderson, MG Best, D Brady, FP Case, T Caskey, W Cebra, D Chance, JL Chung, P Cole, B Crowe, K Das, AC Draper, JE Gilkes, ML Gushue, S Heffner, M Hirsch, AS Hjort, EL Huo, L Justice, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kintner, JC Krofcheck, D Lacey, RA Lauret, J Law, C Lisa, MA Liu, H Liu, YM McGrath, R Milosevich, Z Odyniec, G Olson, DL Panitkin, SY Pinkenburg, C Porile, NT Rai, G Ritter, HG Romero, JL Scharenberg, R Srivastava, B Stone, NTB Symons, TJM Wang, S Wells, R Whitfield, J Wienold, T Witt, R Wood, L Zhang, WN TI Charged pion production in 2A to 8A GeV central Au plus Au collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HADRONIC MATTER; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; AU+AU COLLISIONS; S+S COLLISIONS; ENERGY; SPECTRA; FLOW AB Momentum spectra of charged pions over nearly full rapidity coverage from target to beam rapidity have been extracted from 0-5% most central Au +Au collisions in the beam energy range from 2A to 8A GeV by the E895 experiment. Using a thermal parametrization to fit the transverse mass spectra, rapidity density distributions are extracted. The observed spectra are compared with predictions from the RQMD version 2.3 cascade model and also to a thermal model including longitudinal flow. The total 4pi yields of the charged pions are used to infer an initial-state entropy produced in the collisions. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem & Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. St Marys Coll, Moraga, CA 94575 USA. Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Klay, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012 NR 53 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054905 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300057 ER PT J AU Mihaila, B AF Mihaila, B TI Continuum coupled-cluster expansion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATIONALLY-INVARIANT TREATMENT; MONTE-CARLO; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PAIR CORRELATIONS; COORDINATE SPACE; NUCLEON SYSTEMS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; O-16; C-12 AB We review the basics of the coupled-cluster expansion formalism for numerical solutions of the many-body problem, and we outline the principles of an approach directed towards an adequate inclusion of continuum effects in the associated single-energy spectrum. We illustrate our findings by considering the simple case of a single-particle quantum mechanics problem. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bmihaila@lanl.gov RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054327 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300037 ER PT J AU Pop, VT Gyulassy, M Barrette, J Gale, C Wang, XN Xu, N Filimonov, K AF Pop, VT Gyulassy, M Barrette, J Gale, C Wang, XN Xu, N Filimonov, K TI Minijet scale and energy loss at relativistic energies in event generator models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; P(T) AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; ELLIPTIC FLOW; RAPIDITY DENSITIES; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV AB Recent data from relativistic heavy ion collider on rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of hadrons produced in ultrarelativistic reaction of both Au+Au and p+p are compared to predictions of the HIJING and RQMD models. The original default minijet scale p(0)=2 GeV /c and energy loss, dE/dx=2 GeV /fm in HIJING lead to a too rapid growth of the multiplicity with energy. RQMD model without minijet leads on the other hand to a too slowly increasing multiplicity with energy. Therefore, we study what variations of p(0) and dE/dx are required in HIJING to account for the observed N-part and roots dependence of the global dN(ch)/dy and dE(T)/dy observables as well as the jet quenching pattern out to p(T)similar to8 GeV . We show that a slight increase of p(0) from the default 2.0 GeV/c at roots=130A GeV to 2.2 GeV/c at roots=200A GeV is sufficient to account for the bulk observables. Jet quenching of pi(0) above p(T)>4 GeV/c at 200A GeV is found to be well reproduced in central Au+Au by the original HIJING default prediction. However, the effective surface emission in the HIJING model formulation of energy loss overpredicts the quenching in more peripheral collisions. Neither HIJING nor HIJING /B (B) over bar can account for the observed anomalous excess of moderate p(T)<4 GeV/c baryons. The agreement of RQMD with data in this p(T) region is shown to be fortuitous because, without minijets, it fails to reproduce the p+p spectrum. C1 McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. NR 139 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054902 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300054 ER PT J AU Reviol, W Chiara, CJ Pechenaya, O Sarantites, DG Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO AF Reviol, W Chiara, CJ Pechenaya, O Sarantites, DG Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO TI Spectroscopy of Pb-186 and Tl-186 via evaporation residue detection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHAPE COEXISTENCE; BANDS AB New spectroscopic information for the proton-rich nuclei Pb-186 and Tl-186 has been obtained from an experiment using the Ti-48+Nd-142 reaction at two different beam energies near the Coulomb barrier. The evaporation residue nuclei from this very fissile system have been selected with the detector system HERCULES and residue gated gamma rays have been measured with GAMMASPHERE. The electric quadrupole (E2) character of several transitions in Pb-186 has been established. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reviol, W (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054317 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300027 ER PT J AU Robinson, AP Davids, CN Mukherjee, G Seweryniak, D Sinha, S Wilt, P Woods, PJ AF Robinson, AP Davids, CN Mukherjee, G Seweryniak, D Sinha, S Wilt, P Woods, PJ TI Proton decay study of Lu-150 and Lu-150(m) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EMITTERS AB Lu-150 was produced via the 1p3n fusion-evaporation channel by bombarding a Rn-96 target with a 297-MeV Ni-58 beam, evaporation residues were analyzed using the fragment mass analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. A new delay-line amplification system was used to make a new more precise measurement of proton decay from the isomeric state in Lu-150 [E-p=1.286(6) MeV, t(1/2)=52.5(-8.7)(+13) mus]. In addition the half-life of the proton emitting ground state was measured to be 43(5) ms. Proton decay partial half-lives for both transitions are compared with theory. The isomeric transition is found to have a significantly smaller spectroscopic factor than the h(11/2) ground state transition. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Robinson, AP (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054301 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300011 ER PT J AU Schiller, A Algin, E Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE Guttormsen, M Hjorth-Jensen, M Johnson, CW Mitchell, GE Rekstad, J Siem, S Voinov, A Younes, W AF Schiller, A Algin, E Bernstein, LA Garrett, PE Guttormsen, M Hjorth-Jensen, M Johnson, CW Mitchell, GE Rekstad, J Siem, S Voinov, A Younes, W TI Level densities in Fe-56,Fe-57 and Mo-96,Mo-97 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON RESONANCES; STRENGTH FUNCTION; NUCLEI; SPECTRA; TRANSITION; RATES; STATE; WIDTH AB Level densities up close to the neutron binding energy have been extracted from primary gamma spectra for Fe-56,Fe-57 and Mo-96,Mo-97 nuclei using (He-3,alphagamma) and (He-3,He-3 'gamma) reactions on Fe-57 and Mo-97 targets. It is shown that statistical spectroscopy provides a useful tool in this mass region. Apparent step structures in the level-density curves are tentatively explained by a schematic microscopic model comprising single-particle level spacings and seniority-conserving and seniority-nonconserving interactions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Osmangazi Univ, Dept Phys, TR-26480 Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Schiller, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schiller@nscl.msu.edu RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054326 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054326 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300036 ER PT J AU Stoitsov, MV Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W Pittel, S Dean, DJ AF Stoitsov, MV Dobaczewski, J Nazarewicz, W Pittel, S Dean, DJ TI Systematic study of deformed nuclei at the drip lines and beyond SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD DESCRIPTION; LOCAL-SCALE TRANSFORMATION; FOCK-BOGOLIUBOV EQUATIONS; MANY-PARTICLE SYSTEMS; PAIRING CORRELATIONS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; GROUND-STATE; REGION AB An improved prescription for choosing a transformed harmonic-oscillator (THO) basis for use in configuration-space Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) calculations is presented. The new HFB +THO framework that follows accurately reproduces the results of coordinate-space HFB calculations for spherical nuclei, including those that are weakly bound. Furthermore, it is fully automated, facilitating its use in systematic investigations of large sets of nuclei throughout the periodic table. As a first application, we have carried out calculations using the Skyrme force SLy4 and volume pairing, with exact particle-number projection following application of the Lipkin-Nogami prescription. Calculations were performed for all even-even nuclei from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line having proton numbers Z=2,4,...,108 and neutron numbers N=2,4,...,188 . We focus on nuclei near the neutron drip line and find that there exist numerous particle-bound even-even nuclei (i.e., nuclei with negative Fermi energies) that have at the same time negative two-neutron separation energies. This phenomenon, which was earlier noted for light nuclei, is attributed to bound shape isomers beyond the drip line. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Stoitsov, MV (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. NR 41 TC 186 Z9 188 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054312 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300022 ER PT J AU Wiringa, RB Arriaga, A Pandharipande, VR AF Wiringa, RB Arriaga, A Pandharipande, VR TI Quadratic momentum dependence in the nucleon-nucleon interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; FEW-BODY NUCLEI; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; 2-NUCLEON INTERACTION; 3-NUCLEON FORCES; CONSTRUCTION; POTENTIALS; MATTER; MODELS; CHARGE AB We investigate different choices for the quadratic momentum dependence required in nucleon-nucleon potentials to fit phase shifts in high partial waves. In the Argonne v(18) potential L-2 and (L.S)(2) operators are used to represent this dependence. The v(18) potential is simple to use in many-body calculations since it has no quadratic momentum-dependent terms in S waves. However, p(2) rather than L-2 dependence occurs naturally in meson-exchange models of nuclear forces. We construct an alternate version of the Argonne potential, designated Argonne v(18pq) , in which the L-2 and (L.S)(2) operators are replaced by p(2) and Q(ij) operators, respectively. The quadratic momentum-dependent terms are smaller in the v(18pq) than in the v(18) interaction. Results for the ground-state binding energies of H-3 , He-3 , and He-4 , obtained with the variational Monte Carlo method, are presented for both the models with and without three-nucleon interactions. We find that the nuclear wave functions obtained with v(18pq) are slightly larger than those with v(18) at interparticle distances <1 fm . The two models provide essentially the same binding in the light nuclei, although v(18pq) gains less attraction when a fixed three-nucleon potential is added. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, P-1700 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Wiringa, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arriaga, Ana/N-2369-2015 OI Arriaga, Ana/0000-0002-8113-7425 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 054006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.68.054006 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 757TV UT WOS:000187578300010 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Ahn, MH Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Casarsa, M Caskey, W Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerri, C Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Coca, MN Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Frisch, H Fujii, Y Furic, I Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, DW Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heider, E Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jarrell, J Jeans, D Jensen, H Jones, M Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kartal, S Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khazins, D Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK King, BT Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Loverre, P Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, R Morello, M Moulik, T Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nicollerat, AS Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, S Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schemitz, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schofield, G Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Sidoti, A Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tannenbaum, B Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, N Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, W Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Ahn, MH Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Casarsa, M Caskey, W Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerri, C Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Coca, MN Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De 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Wester, W Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay D-0 ->mu(+)mu(-) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CDF; TRACKER AB We report on a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decay D-0-->mu(+)mu(-) in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.96 TeV using 65 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. A displaced-track trigger selects long-lived D-0 candidates in the D-0-->mu(+)mu(-) search channel, the kinematically similar D-0-->pi(+)pi(-) channel used for normalization, the Cabibbo-favored D-0-->K(-)pi(+) channel used to optimize the selection criteria in an unbiased manner, and their charge conjugates. Finding no signal events in the D-0-->mu(+)mu(-) search window, we set an upper limit on the branching fraction B(D-0-->mu(+)mu(-))less than or equal to2.5x10(-6) (3.3x10(-6)) at the 90% (95%) confidence level. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki Grp, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Rome La Sapienza 1, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; NR 18 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. 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Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dorsten, MP Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Biagini, ME Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J T'Jampens, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FF Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Meyer, TI Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the branching fractions for the exclusive decays of B-0 and B+ to (D)over-bar(()*()) D-(*K-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK; MESONS; SEARCH AB We report the observation of 823+/-57 B-0 and 970+/-65 B+ decays to doubly charmed final states (D) over bar (()*D-)(()*K-), where (D) over bar (()*()) and D-(*()) are fully reconstructed and K is either a K+/- or a K-0. We use a sample of 82.3+/-0.9 million B (B) over bar events collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The 22 possible B decays to (D) over bar (()*D-)(()*K-) are reconstructed exclusively and the corresponding branching fractions or limits are determined. The branching fractions of the B-0 and of the B+ to (D) over bar (()*D-)(()*K-) are found to be B(B-0-->(D) over bar (()*D-)(()*K-))=[4.3+/-0.3(stat)+/-0.6(syst)]%, B(B+-->(D) over bar (()*D-)(()*K-))=[3.5+/-0.3(stat)+/-0.5(syst)]%. A search for decays to orbitally excited D-s states, B-->(D) over bar (()*D-)(sJ)+ (D-sJ(+)-->D-(*K-)0(+)), is also performed. No statistically significant contributions from D-s1(+)(2536)-->(DK+)-K-*0 and D-sJ(+)(2573)-->(DK+)-K-0 to the (D) over bar (()*D-)(()*K-)0(+) final state are found and we set 90% C.L. limits on their production rates. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 092001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.092001 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900004 ER PT J AU Bars, I Deliduman, C Pasqua, A Zumino, B AF Bars, I Deliduman, C Pasqua, A Zumino, B TI Superstar in noncommutative superspace via covariant quantization of the superparticle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB A covariant quantization method is developed for the off-shell superparticle in 10 dimensions. On shell it is consistent with light cone quantization, while off shell it gives a noncommutative superspace that realizes nonlinearly a hidden 11-dimensional super Poincare symmetry. The nonlinear commutation rules are then used to construct the supersymmetric generalization of the covariant Moyal star product in noncommutative superspace. As one of the possible applications, we propose this new product as the star product in supersymmetric string field theory. Furthermore, the formalism introduces new techniques and concepts in noncommutative (super)geometry. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Feza Gursey Inst, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bars, I (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Bars, Itzhak/A-3971-2008 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 106006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.106006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750PH UT WOS:000187004600084 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF Bell, NF Hooper, D Pakvasa, S Weiler, TJ AF Beacom, JF Bell, NF Hooper, D Pakvasa, S Weiler, TJ TI Measuring flavor ratios of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; RADIO DETECTION; ANTARCTIC ICE; TAU-NEUTRINOS; TELESCOPE; ASTRONOMY; FLUX; TEV; OSCILLATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB We discuss the prospects for next generation neutrino telescopes, such as IceCube, to measure the flavor ratios of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. The expected flavor ratios at the sources are phi(nue):phi(numu):phi(nutau)=1:2:0, and neutrino oscillations quickly transform these to 1:1:1. The flavor ratios can be deduced from the relative rates of showers (nu(e) charged current, most nu(tau) charged current, and all flavors neutral current), muon tracks (nu(mu) charged current only), and tau lepton lollipops and double bangs (nu(tau) charged current only). The peak sensitivities for these interactions are at different neutrino energies, but the flavor ratios can be reliably connected by a reasonable measurement of the spectrum shape. Measurement of the astrophysical neutrino flavor ratios tests the assumed production mechanism and also provides a very long baseline test of a number of exotic scenarios, including neutrino decay, CPT violation, and small-deltam(2) oscillations to sterile neutrinos. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM beacom@fnal.gov; nfb@fnal.gov; hooper@pheno.physics.wisc.edu; pakvasa@phys.hawaii.edu; tom.weiler@vanderbilt.edu OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 79 TC 163 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 093005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.093005 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900010 ER PT J AU Campbell, J Ellis, RK Rainwater, D AF Campbell, J Ellis, RK Rainwater, D TI Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for W+2 jet and Z+2 jet production at the CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MASS HIGGS-BOSON; HIGH-PT W; HADRON COLLIDERS; FERMILAB TEVATRON; CROSS-SECTIONS; VECTOR-BOSON; AMPLITUDES; PARTONS AB We present cross sections and differential distributions for QCD radiative corrections to the QCD processes pp-->W+2 jets and pp-->Z+2 jets at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Calculations are performed with the Monte Carlo program MCFM. Cross section dependence on the renormalization and factorization scales is greatly reduced, except for the heavy-flavor case of W(+/-)b (b) over bar, which has new features at next-to-leading order at the LHC. We also present cross sections for W(+/-)b (b) over bar and Z+2 jets in kinematic configurations relevant for Higgs boson searches. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. DESY, Theory Grp, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnmc@hep.anl.gov; ellis@fnal.gov; david.rainwater@desy.de NR 36 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094021 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.094021 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900040 ER PT J AU Fleming, S Leibovich, AK Mehen, T AF Fleming, S Leibovich, AK Mehen, T TI Resumming the color-octet contribution to e(+)e(-)-> J/psi plus X SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID J/PSI-PRODUCTION; QUARKONIA PRODUCTION; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; E&E ANNIHILATIONS; B-DECAY; V-UB; FACTORIZATION; POLARIZATION; COLLIDERS AB Recent observations of the spectrum of J/psi produced in e(+)e(-) collisions at the Y(4S) resonance are in conflict with fixed-order calculations using the nonrelativistic QCD effective field theory. One problem is that leading order color-octet mechanisms predict an enhancement of the cross section for J/psi with a maximal energy that is not observed in the data. However, in this region of phase space large perturbative corrections (Sudakov logarithms) as well as enhanced nonperturbative effects are important. In this paper we use the newly developed soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) to systematically include these effects. We find that these corrections significantly broaden the color-octet contribution to the J/psi spectrum. Our calculation employs a one-stage renormalization group evolution rather than the two-stage evolution used in previous SCET calculations. We give a simple argument for why the two methods yield identical results to lowest order in the SCET power counting. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM spf@andrew.cmu.edu; adam@fnal.gov; mehen@phy.duke.edu RI Fleming, Sean/C-3677-2015 OI Fleming, Sean/0000-0002-9553-7198 NR 61 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.094011 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900030 ER PT J AU Fuller, GM Kusenko, A Mocioiu, I Pascoli, S AF Fuller, GM Kusenko, A Mocioiu, I Pascoli, S TI Pulsar kicks from a dark-matter sterile neutrino SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE; SPACE VELOCITIES; EARLY UNIVERSE; OSCILLATIONS; CONVERSIONS; SUPERNOVAE; DYNAMICS AB We show that a sterile neutrino with a mass in the 1-20 keV range and a small mixing with the electron neutrino can simultaneously explain the origin of the pulsar motions and the dark matter in the Universe. An asymmetric neutrino emission from a hot nascent neutron star can be the explanation of the observed pulsar velocities. In addition to the pulsar kick mechanism based on resonant neutrino transitions, we point out a new possibility: an asymmetric off-resonant emission of sterile neutrinos. The two cases correspond to different values of the masses and mixing angles. In both cases we identify the ranges of parameters consistent with the pulsar kick, as well as cosmological constraints. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 68 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 10 AR 103002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.103002 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750PH UT WOS:000187004600010 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Tuchin, K AF Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Tuchin, K TI Cronin effect and high-p(T) suppression in pA collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; BFKL POMERON; PARTON SATURATION; LARGE NUCLEUS; SMALL-X AB We review the predictions of the theory of a color glass condensate for a gluon production cross section in p(d)A collisions. We demonstrate that, at moderate energies, when the gluon production cross section can be calculated in the framework of the McLerran-Venugopalan model, it has only a partonic level Cronin effect in it. At higher energies or rapidities corresponding to smaller values of the Bjorken x, quantum evolution becomes important. The effect of quantum evolution at higher energies or rapidities is to introduce the suppression of high-p(T) gluons slightly decreasing the Cronin enhancement. At still higher energies or rapidities quantum evolution leads to the suppression of produced gluons at all values of p(T). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 119 TC 270 Z9 270 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.094013 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900032 ER PT J AU Nemoto, Y Nakajima, N Matsufuru, H Suganuma, H AF Nemoto, Y Nakajima, N Matsufuru, H Suganuma, H TI Negative-parity baryon spectrum in quenched anisotropic lattice QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC SCREENING LENGTHS; 2 LIGHT QUARKS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; GAUGE-THEORY; PLASMA; THERMODYNAMICS; FERMIONS; MODEL AB We investigate the negative-parity baryon spectra in quenched lattice QCD. We employ the anisotropic lattice with a standard Wilson gauge and O(a) improved Wilson quark actions at three values of lattice spacings with a renormalized anisotropy xi=a(sigma)/a(tau)=4, where a(sigma) and a(tau) are spatial and temporal lattice spacings, respectively. The negative-parity baryons are measured with the parity projection. In particular, we pay much attention to the lowest SU(3) flavor-singlet negative-parity baryon, which is assigned as the Lambda(1405) in the quark model. For the flavor octet and decuplet negative-parity baryons, the calculated masses are close to the experimental values of corresponding lowest-lying negative-parity baryons. In contrast, the flavor-singlet baryon is found to be about 1.7 GeV, which is much heavier than the Lambda(1405). Therefore it is difficult to identify the Lambda(1405) to be the flavor-singlet three-quark state, which seems to support an interesting picture of the pentaquark (udsq (q) over bar) state or the N (K) over bar molecule for the Lambda(1405). C1 Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Kochi Med Sch, Ctr Med Informat Sci, Kochi 7838505, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Nemoto, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 094505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.094505 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900045 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Ashie, Y Fukuda, S Fukuda, Y Ishihara, K Itow, Y Koshio, Y Minamino, A Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Namba, T Nambu, R Obayashi, Y Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, H Takeuchi, Y Yamada, S Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Nakayama, S Okada, A Ooyabu, T Saji, C Desai, S Earl, M Kearns, E Messier, MD Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Goldhaber, M Barszczak, T Casper, D Gajewski, W Kropp, WR Mine, S Liu, DW Smy, MB Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Gago, A Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Kim, JY Lim, IT Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Takemori, D Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishii, T Kameda, J Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Sakuda, M Totsuka, Y Yoshida, M Kohama, M Iwashita, T Suzuki, AT Inagaki, T Kato, I Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Chen, ML Goodman, JA Guillian, G Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Scholberg, K Habig, A Ackermann, M Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Martens, K Malek, M Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Toshito, T Mitsuda, C Miyano, K Shibata, T Kajiyama, Y Nagashima, Y Takita, M Kim, HI Kim, SB Okazawa, H Ishizuka, T Choi, Y Seo, HK Etoh, M Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Shirai, J Suzuki, A Koshiba, M Hatakeyama, Y Ichikawa, Y Koike, M Nishijima, K Ishino, H Morii, M Nishimura, R Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Berns, HG Boyd, SC Stachyra, AL Wilkes, RJ AF Yoo, J Ashie, Y Fukuda, S Fukuda, Y Ishihara, K Itow, Y Koshio, Y Minamino, A Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Namba, T Nambu, R Obayashi, Y Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, H Takeuchi, Y Yamada, S Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Nakayama, S Okada, A Ooyabu, T Saji, C Desai, S Earl, M Kearns, E Messier, MD Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Goldhaber, M Barszczak, T Casper, D Gajewski, W Kropp, WR Mine, S Liu, DW Smy, MB Sobel, HW Vagins, MR Gago, A Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Kim, JY Lim, IT Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Takemori, D Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishii, T Kameda, J Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Sakuda, M Totsuka, Y Yoshida, M Kohama, M Iwashita, T Suzuki, AT Inagaki, T Kato, I Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Chen, ML Goodman, JA Guillian, G Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Scholberg, K Habig, A Ackermann, M Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Martens, K Malek, M Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Toshito, T Mitsuda, C Miyano, K Shibata, T Kajiyama, Y Nagashima, Y Takita, M Kim, HI Kim, SB Okazawa, H Ishizuka, T Choi, Y Seo, HK Etoh, M Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Shirai, J Suzuki, A Koshiba, M Hatakeyama, Y Ichikawa, Y Koike, M Nishijima, K Ishino, H Morii, M Nishimura, R Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Berns, HG Boyd, SC Stachyra, AL Wilkes, RJ CA Super-Kamiokande Collaboration TI Search for periodic modulations of the solar neutrino flux in Super-Kamiokande-I SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; MOMENT AB A search for periodic modulations of the solar neutrino flux was performed using the Super-Kamiokande-I data taken from 31 May 1996 to 15 July 2001. The detector's capability of measuring the exact time of events, combined with a relatively high yield of solar neutrino events, allows a search for short-time variations in the observed flux. We employed the Lomb test to look for periodic modulations of the observed solar neutrino flux. The obtained periodogram is consistent with statistical fluctuation and no significant periodicity was found. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kamioka Observ, Gifu 5061205, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Res Ctr Cosm Neutrinos, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Shizuoka Seika Coll, Shizuoka 4258611, Japan. Shizuoka Univ, Dept Syst Engn, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RI Takeuchi, Yasuo/A-4310-2011; Nakamura, Kenzo/F-7174-2010; Obayashi, Yoshihisa/A-4472-2011; Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016; Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011; Suzuki, Yoichiro/F-7542-2010; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Wilkes, R.Jeffrey/E-6011-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Sakurai, Nobuyuki/M-5009-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Koshio, Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015 OI Sakurai, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-1002-217X; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505; NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 9 AR 092002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.092002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 750BR UT WOS:000186971900005 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, GA TI Equation of state for a partially ionized gas. II SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ION SYSTEM; THOMAS-FERMI; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PRESSURE; MATTER; ATOMS AB The derivation of equations of state for fluid phases of a partially ionized gas or plasma is addressed from a fundamental point of view. A spherical cellular model is deduced for the hot curve limit (or ideal Fermi gas). Next the Coulomb interactions are added to the spherical cellular model for general ionic charge Z. Then an independent electron model within a Z electron cell plus several many-body effects are employed. Numerical examples of the theory for several elements (H, Li, N, Na, K, Ni, Rb, Pd, Cs, and Er) are reported. These results reduce in various limits of temperature and density to the expected behavior. They display electron, localization-delocalization phase transitions of liquid-gas character. In the higher Z elements, a second possible critical point has been found. The critical pressure, electron density and temperature for the lower-density critical points seem to obey power laws as a function of Z. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 056112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056112 PN 2 PG 23 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TQ UT WOS:000187183600022 PM 14682851 ER PT J AU Bandulet, HC Labaune, C Fuchs, J Michel, P Myatt, J Depierreux, S Baldis, HA AF Bandulet, HC Labaune, C Fuchs, J Michel, P Myatt, J Depierreux, S Baldis, HA TI Observation of ion acoustic waves associated with plasma-induced incoherence of laser beams using Thomson scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; PHYSICS AB We have carried out experiments to investigate the physical processes responsible for the recently discovered phenomenon of plasma-induced incoherence (PII) of a laser beam. Using a Thomson scattering diagnostic, we have observed ion acoustic waves (IAW) having wave vectors transverse to the interaction beam spectral and temporal characteristics of which show a clear correlation with other signatures of PII for various conditions of plasma density and laser intensity. These results support the recent theoretical interpretation for which the IAW result from the coupling between forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and self-focusing of the laser light in PII mechanisms. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA,CNRS,UMR 7605, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP CEA, DIF, Boite Postale 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RI Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 056405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056405 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TQ UT WOS:000187183600063 PM 14682892 ER PT J AU ben-Avraham, D Ben-Naim, E Lindenberg, K Rosas, A AF ben-Avraham, D Ben-Naim, E Lindenberg, K Rosas, A TI Self-similarity in random collision processes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; EQUATIONS; GASES AB Kinetics of collision processes with linear mixing rules are investigated analytically. The velocity distribution becomes self-similar in the long-time limit and the similarity functions have algebraic or stretched exponential tails. The characteristic exponents are roots of transcendental equations and vary continuously with the mixing parameters. In the presence of conservation laws, the velocity distributions become universal. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP ben-Avraham, D (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Rosas, Alexandre/F-7412-2010 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; Rosas, Alexandre/0000-0001-7983-358X NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 050103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.050103 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TN UT WOS:000187183400003 PM 14682779 ER PT J AU Dodin, IY Fisch, NJ AF Dodin, IY Fisch, NJ TI Relativistic electron acceleration in focused laser fields after above-threshold ionization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; PONDEROMOTIVE-FORCE; VACUUM; SCATTERING; PULSES; TRANSITION; ULTRASHORT; ENERGIES; CAPTURE; BEAM AB Electrons produced as a result of above-threshold ionization of high-Z atoms can be accelerated by currently producible laser pulses up to GeV energies, as shown recently by Hu and Starace [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 245003 (2002)]. To describe electron acceleration by general focused laser fields, we employ an analytical model based on a Hamiltonian, fully relativistic, ponderomotive approach. Though the above-threshold ionization represents an abrupt process compared to laser oscillations, the ponderomotive approach can still adequately predict the resulting energy gain if the proper initial conditions are introduced for the particle drift following the ionization event. Analytical expressions for electron energy gain are derived and the applicability conditions of the ponderomotive formulation are studied both analytically and numerically. The theoretical predictions are supported by numerical computations. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dodin, IY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 056402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056402 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TQ UT WOS:000187183600060 PM 14682889 ER PT J AU Garcia, AL Wagner, W AF Garcia, AL Wagner, W TI Direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; KINETIC-EQUATION; ALGORITHM; MODELS; GASES AB In this paper we describe a direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm for the Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann equation in terms of Markov processes. This provides a unifying framework for both the classical Boltzmann case as well as the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein cases. We establish the foundation of the algorithm by demonstrating its link to the kinetic equation. By numerical experiments we study its sensitivity to the number of simulation particles and to the discretization of the velocity space, when approximating the steady-state distribution. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Weierstrass Inst Appl Anal & Stochast, Berlin, Germany. San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 2003 VL 68 IS 5 AR 056703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056703 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 752TQ UT WOS:000187183600078 PM 14682907 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM Neuman, SP Lenhard, RJ AF Tartakovsky, AM Neuman, SP Lenhard, RJ TI Immiscible front evolution in randomly heterogeneous porous media SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VISCOUS LIQUID; SOILS; INSTABILITY; FLOW; FLUID AB The evolution of a sharp interface between two immiscible fluids in a randomly heterogeneous porous medium is investigated analytically using a stochastic moment approach. The displacing fluid is taken to be at constant saturation and to have a much larger viscosity than does the displaced fluid, which is therefore effectively static. Capillary pressure at the interface is related to porosity and permeability via the Leverett J-function. Whereas porosity is spatially uniform, permeability forms a spatially correlated random field. Displacement is governed by stochastic integro-differential equations defined over a three-dimensional domain bounded by a random interface. The equations are expanded and averaged in probability space to yield leading order recursive equations governing the ensemble mean and variance of interface position, rate of propagation and pressure gradient within the displacing fluid. Solutions are obtained for one-dimensional head- and flux-driven displacements in statistically homogeneous media and found to compare well with numerical Monte Carlo simulations. The manner in which medium heterogeneity affects the mean pressure gradient is indicative of how it impacts the stability of the mean interface. Capillary pressure at the interface is found to have a potentially important effect on its mean dynamics and stability. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2025, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 2003 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3331 EP 3341 DI 10.1063/1.1612944 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 731BY UT WOS:000185865700009 ER PT J AU Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Bell, RE Kaye, SM LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Synakowski, EJ Darrow, DS Soukhanovskii, V Bourdelle, C AF Stutman, D Finkenthal, M Bell, RE Kaye, SM LeBlanc, BP Menard, JE Synakowski, EJ Darrow, DS Soukhanovskii, V Bourdelle, C CA NSTX Team TI Impurity transport measurements in beam heated low-confinement mode discharges in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; ASPECT-RATIO; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; PHYSICS; NSTX; GRADIENT; PROFILES; SYSTEM; SHEAR AB Impurity injection experiments were performed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment [NSTX, M. Ono , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] for a first assessment of low-Z impurity transport in a low field, low-aspect ratio device. Short neon puffs were injected in beam heated, co-rotating L-mode (low confinement) discharges and the radial penetration of the successive neon charge states has been monitored with arrays of filtered ultrasoft x-ray diodes. Time-dependent modeling of the neon emissivity in several spectral bands indicates a core diffusion coefficient in the neoclassical range (<1 m(2)/s) in these strongly rotating plasmas, consistent with the low thermal ion transport inferred from the power balance analysis. By contrast, due to the large Larmor radii in NSTX turbulent diffusion would reach tens of m(2)/s if tokamak-like instability growth rates were assumed. The much lower experimental diffusivity then suggests that turbulent ion transport must be largely suppressed in the NSTX core. It is not yet clear in what measure this is due to the large ExB flow shear characteristic of beam heated NSTX discharges, or to the long wavelength instability growth rates being intrinsically low in the NSTX core, as recently predicted. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CEA Cadarache, DRFC, DSM, Assoc Euratom CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Stutman, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4387 EP 4395 DI 10.1063/1.1610473 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400023 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Scannapieco, AJ Cranfill, CW Clover, MR Hoffman, NM Collins, J AF Wilson, DC Scannapieco, AJ Cranfill, CW Clover, MR Hoffman, NM Collins, J TI Degradation of radiatively driven inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions by multifluid interpenetration mixing SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; OMEGA LASER SYSTEM; SPHERICAL IMPLOSIONS; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN; NOVA LASER; TARGETS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; GAIN AB The observed degradation of radiatively driven single shell capsule yield with increasing convergence ratio can be quantitatively understood by mixing between the gaseous deuterium-tritium (DT) or deuterium (DD) and the pusher. Calculations using a multifluid interpenetration mix model can replicate the performance of experiments at the NOVA [C. Bibeau , Appl. Opt. 31, 5799 (1992)] and OMEGA [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] lasers, using a single fitting parameter, a mixing length ratio. When mix is similarly treated at the ablator-solid DT interface, cryogenic single shell ignition capsules for the National Ignition Facility [J. A. Paisner, E. M. Campbell, and W. J. Hogan, Fusion Technol. 26, 755 (1994)] and the Laser Mega Joule [ P. A. Holstein , Laser Part. Beams 17, 403 (1999)] calculate to ignite and burn with gains of several due to isolation of the ignition hot spot from the pusher material. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4427 EP 4434 DI 10.1063/1.1613653 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400028 ER PT J AU Nishimura, K Liang, E Gary, SP AF Nishimura, K Liang, E Gary, SP TI Charge separation effects in magnetized electron-ion plasma expansion into a vacuum SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID GAUSS LAW; INSTABILITIES; FIELD; CODES AB Charge separation effects in the expansion of magnetized relativistic electron-ion plasmas into a vacuum are examined using 2 1/2-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations. The electrostatic field at the plasma surface decelerates electrons and accelerates ions. A fraction of the surface electrons is trapped and accelerated by the pondermotive force of the propagating electromagnetic pulse, a mechanism we call the diamagnetic relativistic pulse accelerator. This charge separation is enhanced as the initial plasma temperature is decreased. The overall energy gain of the plasma particles through the expansion strongly depends on the initial plasma temperature. Moreover, the electrons become relatively less energized and the ions more energized as the plasma temperature decreases. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Nishimura, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4559 EP 4562 DI 10.1063/1.1611882 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400043 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA van Milligen, BP Pedrosa, MA Balbin, R Hidalgo, C Newman, DE Sanchez, E Frances, M Garcia-Cortes, I Bleuel, J Endler, M Riccardi, C Davies, S Matthews, GF Martines, E Antoni, V Latten, A Klinger, T AF Carreras, BA van Milligen, BP Pedrosa, MA Balbin, R Hidalgo, C Newman, DE Sanchez, E Frances, M Garcia-Cortes, I Bleuel, J Endler, M Riccardi, C Davies, S Matthews, GF Martines, E Antoni, V Latten, A Klinger, T TI Self-similarity of the plasma edge fluctuations (vol 5, pg 3632, 1998) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EURATOM, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, Spain. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. Inst Expt & Angew Phys, Kiel, Germany. RP Carreras, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sanchez, Edilberto/D-4620-2009; van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/H-3341-2015; Balbin, Rosa/F-8210-2010 OI Sanchez, Edilberto/0000-0003-1062-7870; van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/0000-0002-5223-391X; Balbin, Rosa/0000-0001-5231-1300 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4591 EP 4591 DI 10.1063/1.1621395 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400055 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA van Milligen, BP Pedrosa, MA Balbin, R Hidalgo, C Newman, DE Sanchez, E Bravenec, R McKee, G Garcia-Cortes, I Bleuel, J Endler, M Riccardi, C Davies, S Matthews, GF Martines, E Antoni, V AF Carreras, BA van Milligen, BP Pedrosa, MA Balbin, R Hidalgo, C Newman, DE Sanchez, E Bravenec, R McKee, G Garcia-Cortes, I Bleuel, J Endler, M Riccardi, C Davies, S Matthews, GF Martines, E Antoni, V TI Experimental evidence of long-range correlations and self-similarity in plasma fluctuations (vol 6, pg 1885, 1999) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carreras, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015; Balbin, Rosa/F-8210-2010 OI van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274; Balbin, Rosa/0000-0001-5231-1300 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2003 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4592 EP 4592 DI 10.1063/1.1621396 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 733FN UT WOS:000185989400056 ER PT J AU Touryan, K AF Touryan, K TI National labs and industry assist FSU institutes SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Touryan, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 2003 VL 56 IS 11 BP 10 EP 11 DI 10.1063/1.1634512 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738HQ UT WOS:000186281500002 ER PT J AU McDonald, A Hime, A AF McDonald, A Hime, A TI Andre Stephane Hamer - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP McDonald, A (reprint author), Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 2003 VL 56 IS 11 BP 88 EP 88 DI 10.1063/1.1634545 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738HQ UT WOS:000186281500026 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI The advantage of togetherness SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD NOV PY 2003 VL 16 IS 11 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 748UQ UT WOS:000186879800018 ER PT J AU Johnson, D AF Johnson, D CA NSTX Team TI Diagnostic development for ST plasmas on NSTX SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; IMAGING REFLECTOMETER; WAVE REFLECTOMETRY; TOKAMAK EXPERIMENT; TURBULENCE; OPERATION; INSTABILITIES; POLARIMETRY; PROFILE; SYSTEM AB Spherical tori (ST) have much lower aspect ratio (a/R) and lower toroidal magnetic field than conventional tokamaks and stellarators. This paper will highlight some of the challenges and opportunities these features pose in the diagnosis of ST plasmas in the National Spherical Tor-us Experiment (NSTX), and discuss some of the corresponding diagnostic development that is underway. The low aspect ratio necessitates a small centre stack, with tight space constraints and large thermal excursions, complicating the design of magnetic sensors in this region. The toroidal magnetic field on the NSTX is less than or equal to0.6 T, making it impossible to use ECE as a good monitor of electron temperature. A promising new development for diagnosing electron temperature is electron Bernstein wave radiometry, which is currently being pursued on the NSTX. A high-resolution charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system is being installed. Since non-inductive current initiation and sustainment are top-level NSTX research goals, measurements of the current profile J(R) are essential to many planned experiments. On the NSTX several modifications are planned to adapt the motional Stark effect (MSE) technique to lower field, and two novel MSE systems are being prototyped. Several high-speed two-dimensional imaging techniques are being developed for viewing both visible and x-ray emission. The toroidal field is equivalent to the poloidal field at the outside plasma edge, producing a large field pitch (>50degrees) at the outer midplane. The large shear in pitch angle makes some fluctuation diagnostics like beam emission spectroscopy very difficult, while providing a means of achieving spatial localization for microwave scattering investigations of high-k turbulence, which are predicted to be virulent for NSTX plasmas. A brief description of several of these techniques will be given in the context of the current NSTX diagnostic set. C1 PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Johnson, D (reprint author), PPPL, James Forrestal Campus,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD NOV PY 2003 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1975 EP 1987 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/45/11/003 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 751QC UT WOS:000187077600004 ER PT J AU Park, KW Webster, DA Stark, BC Howard, AJ Kim, KJ AF Park, KW Webster, DA Stark, BC Howard, AJ Kim, KJ TI Fusion protein system designed to provide color to aid in the expression and purification of proteins in Escherichia coli SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE recombinant plasmid; affinity purification; Vitreoscilla; bacterial hemoglobin; expression vector ID VITREOSCILLA HEMOGLOBIN GENE; GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; BACTERIAL HEMOGLOBIN; HIV-1 INTEGRASE; GROWTH; BURKHOLDERIA; METABOLISM; CLEAVAGE; OXIDASES AB We have designed and constructed a new fusion expression vector (pKW32), which contains the His-tagged Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) coding gene upstream of the multiple cloning site. The pKW32 vector was designed to express target proteins as VHb fusions, which can be purified in one step by affinity chromatography. Due to the color of the heme in VHb, the VHb-fused target proteins have a red color that provides a visual aid for estimating their expression level and solubility. The red color can also be used as a visual marker throughout purification, while the concentration of the fusion protein can be determined by measuring the amount of VHb using carbon monoxide difference spectra. In addition, because of inherently high solubility of VHb, the fusion can increase the solubility of sparingly soluble target proteins. Target proteins can be easily separated from His-tagged VHb due to the presence of a thrombin-cleavage site between them. A mutant VHb, the soluble domain of Vitreoscilla cytochrome bo subunit II, and HIV integrase expressed and purified using the pKW32 system have native function. In addition, the integrase, which is known to be difficult to purify because of low solubility, was purified simply and without solubilizing agents using our system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, IMCA, CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Howard, AJ (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, 3101 S Dearborn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD NOV PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0147-619X(03)00046-5 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 742DU UT WOS:000186501600001 PM 14597006 ER PT J AU Balazs, B DeTeresa, S Maxwell, R Kokko, E Smith, T AF Balazs, B DeTeresa, S Maxwell, R Kokko, E Smith, T TI Techniques for the analysis of aging signatures of silica-filled siloxanes SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Polymer Modification Degradation and Stabilization (MODEST 2002) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2002 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE modeling; siloxane; computed tomography; finite element analysis AB Degradation mechanisms for complex polymer systems are often subtle and difficult to detect, yet a precise understanding of their effect on a polymer component's macroscopic performance is necessary for understanding aging behavior. Furthermore, predictions of the engineering performance of aged components are prone to large errors when the service lifetimes are much greater than the duration of laboratory aging tests, especially when multiple degradation mechanisms contribute to the overall aging. In order to avoid these errors, lifetime-performance models for components are needed that acknowledge the changes brought about by aging or damage over many size domains, from the macroscopic to the molecular level. We are studying a silica-filled siloxane foam using techniques which link aging and damage over several size domains in order to improve our material/component lifetime predictions. Parameters such as radiation-induced crosslinking, changes in motional dynamics caused by desiccation, and mechanical damage are incorporated into Finite Element Analysis codes and combined with computed tomographic data to provide "age-aware" models and predictive capability at the component level. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balazs, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00189-7 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 732YZ UT WOS:000185974300007 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RS Chambers, D Balazs, B Cohenour, R Sung, W AF Maxwell, RS Chambers, D Balazs, B Cohenour, R Sung, W TI NMR analysis of gamma-radiation induced degradation of halthane-88 polyurethane elastomers SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Polymer Modification Degradation and Stabilization (MODEST 2002) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2002 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE polyurethane; NMR; radiation; degradation; DMA ID DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; C-13-NMR TIME CONSTANTS; URETHANE ELASTOMERS; POLYMER MORPHOLOGY; SPECTROSCOPY; ACRYLATES; NETWORKS; SERIES AB We report H-1 and C-13 NMR analysis of changes in chain dynamics in a polyurethane elastomer system, Halthane 88-3, caused by exposure to 1.2 MeV gamma radiation from a Co-60 source. H-1 NMR relaxation measurements clearly discriminate between interfacial, soft segment, and sol domains in the polymer. The H-1 T-2 of the interfacial domain and the soft segment domain increased with the increased dose of gamma-radiation. C-13 CPMAS experiments also show that the hard segment domain remained unchanged up to cumulative dose of 100 kGray. The H-1 and C-13 NMR results strongly suggest that the Halthane 88-3 elastomer undergoes chain scission, primarily in the long chains that make up the soft segments of the polymer. The NMR results are compared to results from DMA and a direct correlation between observables has been demonstrated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Honeywell FM&T, Kansas City, MO 64141 USA. RP Maxwell, RS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 82 IS 2 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00190-3 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 732YZ UT WOS:000185974300008 ER PT J AU Carroll, AS AF Carroll, AS TI Review of Brookhaven nuclear transparency measurements in (p,2p) reactions at large Q(2) SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics CY NOV 18-22, 2002 CL INDIAN INST TECH, KANPUR, INDIA HO INDIAN INST TECH DE nuclear; color transparency; protons; alternating gradient synchrotron; large angle ID LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; COLOR TRANSPARENCY; ELASTIC-SCATTERING AB In this contribution we summarize the results of two experiments to measure the transparency of nuclei in the (p, 2p) quasi-elastic scattering process near 90degrees in the pp center-of-mass. The incident momenta went from 6 to 14.4 GeV/c, corresponding to 4.8 < Q(2) < 12.7 (GeV/c)(2). First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which has more complete kinematic definition of quasi-elastic events. E850 covers a larger range of incident momenta, and thus provides more information regarding the nature of the unexpected fall in the transparency above 9 GeV/c. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the carbon data. We use the transparencies measured in the five nuclei from Li to Pb to set limits on the rate of expansion for protons involved in quasi-elastic scattering at large momentum transfer. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carroll, AS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 61 IS 5 BP 847 EP 858 DI 10.1007/BF02704453 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750DQ UT WOS:000186976400008 ER PT J AU Deshpande, A AF Deshpande, A TI Spin physics at RHIC: Present and future SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics CY NOV 18-22, 2002 CL INDIAN INST TECH, KANPUR, INDIA HO INDIAN INST TECH DE relativistic heavy-ion collider; spin; polarized colliders; eRHIC; deep inelastic scattering AB In 2001-2002 the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was first commissioned for polarized proton collisions. Polarized protons were injected into the RHIC, accelerated to 100 GeV, stored and the two beams were made to collide in four interaction regions. I will review the progress made by the RHIC spin program, followed by the physics goals for the next few years, After that I will present a brief overview of a proposal to build a high intensity polarized electron/positron beam facility at BNL which would enable deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments to be pursued at BNL by its collisions with the RHIC hadron beams. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Deshpande, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 61 IS 5 BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1007/BF02704454 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750DQ UT WOS:000186976400009 ER PT J AU Carroll, AS Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Ballintijn, M Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Carroll, AS Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Ballintijn, M Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI PHOBOS at RHIC: Some global observations SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics CY NOV 18-22, 2002 CL INDIAN INST TECH, KANPUR, INDIA HO INDIAN INST TECH ID CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; HADRON-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ANNIHILATION AB Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies for a large span of pseudorapidities, \eta\ < 5.4. Three empirical observations have emerged from this data set which require theoretical examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely, particle production in central Au + Au collisions, when expressed as dN/deta' (eta' equivalent to eta -y(beam)), becomes energy independent at high energy for a broad region of eta' around eta' = 0. This energy-independent region grows with energy, allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle production in e(+)e(-) and Au + Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in e(+)e(-) and in scaled Au + Au. This observation was not predicted and has not been explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately with the number of participating nucleon pairs for > 65. This scaling occurs both for the total multiplicity and for high p(T) particles (3 < p(T) < 4.5 GeV/c). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Chiayi 62117, Taiwan. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South Africa. Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Carroll, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 61 IS 5 BP 865 EP 876 DI 10.1007/BF02704455 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 750DQ UT WOS:000186976400010 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Wang, WR Shin, DH Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Liu, JY Wang, WR Shin, DH Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of tRNA (m1G37) methyltransferase from Aquifex aeolicus at 2.6 angstrom resolution: A novel methyltransferase fold SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; MODELS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Struct Genomics Ctr, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genomics Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Struct Genomics Ctr, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 15 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 326 EP 328 DI 10.1002/prot.10479 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 749WD UT WOS:000186951800019 PM 14517984 ER PT J AU Coleman, MA Miller, KA Beernink, PT Yoshikawa, DM Albala, JS AF Coleman, MA Miller, KA Beernink, PT Yoshikawa, DM Albala, JS TI Identification of chromatin-related protein interactions using protein microarrays SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE histone; nucleosome; protein array; RAD51B; RAD51C; SMARCAL1 ID DNA-REPAIR PROTEINS; RAD51 PARALOGS; REMODELING COMPLEXES; MOUSE GENES; HUMAN-CELLS; HISTONE; TRANSCRIPTION; XRCC3; PURIFICATION; FILAMENT AB Dynamic structural changes in chromatin are mediated by protein interactions that modulate multiple cellular processes including replication, transcription, recombination and DNA repair. Complexes that recognize chromatin are defined by several distinct groups of proteins that either directly modify histones or interact with histone-DNA complexes. A protein microarray format was used to analyze the interaction of various DNA repair proteins with chromatin components. We applied proteins, antibodies and DNA to functionalized glass slides and interrogated the slides with our proteins of interest to identify novel protein-protein interactions for proteins involved in DNA double-strand break repair. Here we demonstrate that the DNA repair protein RAD51B, and not its cognate partner RAD51C, interacts with histones and not nucleosomes. Nucleosome-specific interactions were demonstrated with the recently identified SWI/SNF protein, SMARCAL1. Unique RAD51B-histone interactions were corroborated using Far Western analysis. This is the first demonstration of an interaction between RAD51B and histone proteins that may be important for the successful repair of DNA double-strand breaks. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Albala, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 E Ave,L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 81019-01] NR 43 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD NOV PY 2003 VL 3 IS 11 BP 2101 EP 2107 DI 10.1002/pmic.200300593 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 743PJ UT WOS:000186582500005 PM 14595808 ER PT J AU Conklin, J AF Conklin, J TI The personal 360 SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Conklin, J (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 36 IS 11 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 742XY UT WOS:000186544500029 ER PT J AU Ollivier, H Milman, P AF Ollivier, H Milman, P TI Proposal for realization of a Toffoli gate via cavity-assisted atomic collision SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE cavity QED; cavity-assisted atomic collision; Toffoli gate ID QUANTUM LOGIC; IMPLEMENTATION; ENTANGLEMENT; SCHEME AB Cavity QED is a versatile tool to explore small scale quantum information processing. Within this setting, we describe a particular protocol for implementing a Toffoli gate with Rydberg atoms and a cavity field. Our scheme uses both resonant and non resonant interactions, and in particular a cavity-assisted atomic collision. The experimental feasibility of the protocol is carefully analyzed with the help of numerical simulations and takes into account the decoherence process. Moreover, we show that our protocol is optimal within the constraints imposed by the experimental setting. C1 Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, Projet Codes, F-78153 Le Chesnay, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Dept Phys, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Coll France, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Ollivier, H (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, Projet Codes, BP 105 Domaine Voluceau, F-78153 Le Chesnay, France. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 3 IS 6 BP 603 EP 610 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 748MA UT WOS:000186864600003 ER PT J AU Terrones, G Gauglitz, PA AF Terrones, G Gauglitz, PA TI Deformation of a spherical bubble in soft solid media under external pressure SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID OFFSHORE SOILS; GAS-BUBBLES; SEDIMENTS AB In this paper, a theoretical investigation on the deformation of a spherical bubble embedded in soft solid media under externally applied pressure is presented. The effects that surface tension and mechanical properties have on interactions between the bubble compressibility and the surrounding medium are quantified. Within the framework of classical plasticity theory and following the refined treatment for large plastic displacements set forth by Chadwick, solutions are found for the finite deformation of the bubble radius and the internal bubble pressure in terms of implicit functions. Solutions are applicable to a wide range of material properties and external forcing conditions when soft solid media undergo elastic and finite plastic deformations. The validity of the solutions is not restricted to small values of the ratio between yield stress and elastic modulus. It is hypothesized that the existence of a plastic region in the neighbourhood of the bubble might explain upward bubble migration in soft solids due to pressure fluctuations in the presence of a gravitational field. Examples of the main features of the solutions are discussed in terms of dimensionless parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Proc Sci & Engn Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Terrones, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS T086, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terrones@lanl.gov OI Terrones, Guillermo/0000-0001-8245-5022 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-5614 J9 Q J MECH APPL MATH JI Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 56 BP 513 EP 525 DI 10.1093/qjmam/56.4.513 PN 4 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 762NF UT WOS:000187988500003 ER PT J AU Hull, JR AF Hull, JR TI Applications of high-temperature superconductors in power technology SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FAULT CURRENT LIMITER; BA-CU-O; MAGNETIC BEARINGS; RELUCTANCE MOTORS; COATED CONDUCTORS; FLYWHEEL SYSTEM; CURRENT LEADS; DESIGN; SMES; COIL AB Since the discovery of the first high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) in the late 1980s, many materials and families of materials have been discovered that exhibit superconductivity at temperatures well above 20 K. Of these, several families of HTSs have been developed for use in electrical power applications. Demonstration of devices such as motors, generators, transmission lines, transformers, fault-current limiters, and flywheels in which HTSs and bulk HTSs have been used has proceeded to ever larger scales. First-generation wire, made from bismuth-based copper oxides, was used in many demonstrations. The rapid development of second-generation wire, made by depositing thin films of yttrium-based copper oxide on metallic substrates, is expected to further accelerate commercial applications. Bulk HTSs, in which large single-grain crystals are used as basic magnetic components, have also been developed and have potential for electrical power applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hull, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 81 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1865 EP 1886 AR PII S0034-4885(03)25269-6 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/66/11/R01 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 754MD UT WOS:000187320200001 ER PT J AU Yoshida, PG AF Yoshida, PG TI Japan's R&D spending continues higher as hopes brighten for economy SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Dept Commerce, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Yoshida, PG (reprint author), US DOE, FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0895-6308 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 46 IS 6 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 738MR UT WOS:000186292900001 ER PT J AU Kropf, AJ Finch, RJ Fortner, JA Aase, S Karanfil, C Segre, CU Terry, J Bunker, G Chapman, LD AF Kropf, AJ Finch, RJ Fortner, JA Aase, S Karanfil, C Segre, CU Terry, J Bunker, G Chapman, LD TI Bent silicon crystal in the Laue geometry to resolve x-ray fluorescence for x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ANALYZER; OPTICS; BRAGG AB A highly strained, curved silicon crystal in the Laue geometry has been used as a large-area x-ray fluorescence analyzer for x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The analyzer is able to resolve the Lalpha fluorescence lines for neighboring actinide elements. A large gain in the signal to background ratio has been demonstrated for small quantities of Np in the presence of U, with the U fluorescence peak approaching 1000 times the magnitude of the off-peak background. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kropf@cmt.anl.gov RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Segre, Carlo/B-1548-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; Segre, Carlo/0000-0001-7664-1574; NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 4696 EP 4702 DI 10.1063/1.1618014 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 737XE UT WOS:000186256400015 ER PT J AU Horst, RH Stephens, TS Coons, JE Winter, HH AF Horst, RH Stephens, TS Coons, JE Winter, HH TI Compression stress relaxation apparatus for the long-time monitoring of the incremental modulus SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS; LARGE DEFORMATIONS; SUPERPOSITION; NETWORKS AB A compression apparatus for aging experiments on soft rubbers and foams is presented. The sample is compressed between two parallel surfaces and held there for long-time relaxation studies. The specific purpose of the test is twofold: possible exposure of the sample to aggressive environment under compression during aging and measurement of sample modulus without unloading, i.e., while leaving the sample under constant compression at all times. To determine the restoring force in the compressed sample, the compression strain is modulated with an incremental strain while measuring the force response. The total force gives the compression modulus, and the slope of the force-strain curve allows the determination of the incremental modulus. Stress relaxation data for silicon foam, Dow Corning S-5370 RTV, with 68% void fraction are shown. The modulus of the compressed sample decays over long experimental times of several days. The decay can be described by two relaxation modes, a short mode at 1500 s and a long mode at about 10(5) s. The incremental modulus changes sharply in the first 1000 s (first mode) and then levels off. The apparatus consists of two self-contained components, the removable sample holder (compression jig) and the stationary test station, which performs the modulation of the strain and all measurements (restoring force and incremental modulus). This allows separation of functions. The apparatus design specifically focused on the control of the incremental strain modulation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Winter, HH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Stephens, Thomas/D-9512-2012; OI Coons, Jim/0000-0003-1392-298X NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 4737 EP 4744 DI 10.1063/1.1611617 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 737XE UT WOS:000186256400022 ER PT J AU Qian, SN Takacs, P AF Qian, SN Takacs, P TI Wave front-splitting phase shift beam splitter for pencil beam interferometer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TRACE-PROFILER; HEAT-LOAD MIRROR; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB A beam splitter to create two separated parallel beams is a critical part of the pencil beam interferometer. Beam splitters can be separated into two categories based upon their operating principle: amplitude splitting or wave front splitting. A wave front-splitting phase shift beam splitter (WS-PSBS) with a monolithic structure and equal optical path is described that is well suited to the stability requirements of a pencil beam interferometer. Several techniques to produce a WS-PSBS are presented. In addition, the WS-PSBS using double thin plates or a single plate, made from microscope cover plates, has great advantages of economy, convenience, availability, and ease of adjustment over other types of beam splitters. A comparison of stability measurements made with the WS-PSBS and other equal optical path beam splitters is presented. The pencil beam interferometer using the WS-PSBS can achieve a stability of 0.45 murad root mean square over 15-24 h periods. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535 B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 4881 EP 4884 DI 10.1063/1.1619556 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 737XE UT WOS:000186256400044 ER PT J AU Rogers, B Manning, L Jones, M Sulchek, T Murray, K Beneschott, B Adams, JD Hu, Z Thundat, T Cavazos, H Minne, SC AF Rogers, B Manning, L Jones, M Sulchek, T Murray, K Beneschott, B Adams, JD Hu, Z Thundat, T Cavazos, H Minne, SC TI Mercury vapor detection with a self-sensing, resonating piezoelectric cantilever SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; INTEGRATED ACTUATOR; FEEDBACK ACTUATION; OPTICAL-LEVER; MICROCANTILEVERS; SENSORS; ADSORPTION; LIQUID; QUANTITIES AB A microcantilever with an integrated piezoelectric film is demonstrated as a mercury vapor detector. The cantilever is self-sensing and self-actuating, and therefore does not need alignment of an external, optical detection system. This gives the new sensor system an advantage in array applications. Mercury vapor, when adsorbed onto gold on the cantilever, causes the stiffness, and therefore the natural frequency, of the cantilever to increase as a result of mercury gold amalgamation. This shift is detected using the piezoelectric portion of the cantilever in conjunction with a bridge circuit and amplifier. A mercury concentration of 93 ppb in nitrogen is detected. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Ventures Nanosci Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nanodevices Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Rogers, B (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM rogers@unr.edu; jdadams@unr.edu RI Hu, Zhiyu/J-7742-2013 NR 29 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 74 IS 11 BP 4899 EP 4901 DI 10.1063/1.1614876 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 737XE UT WOS:000186256400047 ER PT J AU Pittel, S Dukelsky, J Dimitrova, S Stoitsov, M AF Pittel, S Dukelsky, J Dimitrova, S Stoitsov, M TI The density matrix renormalization group in nuclear physics: a status report SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL TAXCO, MEXICO DE nuclear shell model; density matrix; renormalization group; 25-1d shell ID GRAINS; CHAIN AB We report on the current status of recent efforts to develop the Density Matrix Renormalization Group method for use in large-scale nuclear shell-model calculations. C1 Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Dukelsky, Jorge/I-1118-2015 OI Dukelsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7715-5487 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 SU 4 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752GL UT WOS:000187152700015 ER PT J AU Stracener, DW Beene, JR Dowling, DT Juras, RC AF Stracener, DW Beene, JR Dowling, DT Juras, RC TI Radioactive ion beam production at the HRIBF SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL TAXCO, MEXICO DE radioactive ion beams; RIB production targets; RIB facility; RIB experiments ID OAK-RIDGE; ACCELERATOR AB Radioactive ion beams are produced at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) using the ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) technique where the atoms are produced in a thick target, transported to an ion source, ionized, and extracted from the ion source to form an ion beam. These radioactive ion beams are then accelerated to energies of a few MeV per nucleon and delivered to experimental stations for use in nuclear physics and astrophysics studies. Recently developed radioactive ion beams include Al-25 from a SiC target and Cl-34 from a CeS target. In addition, highly-purified beams of neutron-rich Ge, Sn, Br, and I isotopes from a uranium carbide target are delivered to experiments, for example, 2 x 10(5) ions per second of Ge-80 (95% pure) and 6 x 10(5) ions per second of Sn-130 (>99% pure) at energies up to 3 MeV per nucleon. Recently completed experiments using these radioactive ion beams include Coulomb excitation of even-even Te isotopes and even-even Sn isotopes, sub-barrier fusion with a beam of Sn-132, measurements of astrophysically important proton capture cross-sections using F-17,F-18 beams, and the observation of two-proton emission from Ne-18 using a F-17 beam. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM 7dw@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 SU 4 BP 92 EP 96 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752GL UT WOS:000187152700017 ER PT J AU Boedo, JA Rudakov, D Moyer, R Krasheninnikov, S Whyte, D McKee, G Tynan, G Schaffer, M Stangeby, P West, P Allen, S Leonard, A AF Boedo, JA Rudakov, D Moyer, R Krasheninnikov, S Whyte, D McKee, G Tynan, G Schaffer, M Stangeby, P West, P Allen, S Leonard, A CA DIII-D Team TI Intermittent convection and transport in the boundary of DIII-D SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Congress of the Venezolano-de-Fisica CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL CARACAS, VENEZUELA SP Venezolano Fisica DE tokamaks; plasma dynamics and flow; transport properties ID FAST SCANNING PROBE; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; PLASMA TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; EDGE AB It is found that 50% of the particle transport in the edge and scrape-off-layer (SOL) of the DIII-D tokamak is due to intermittent plasma objects (IPOs) that can possess higher density and temperature than the surrounding plasma and move radially and poloidally at up to 1500 m/s and up to 5000 m/s respectively. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 SU 3 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 751GD UT WOS:000187043700038 ER PT J AU Iglesias, EJ Elton, RC Griem, HR Scott, HA AF Iglesias, EJ Elton, RC Griem, HR Scott, HA TI Time resolved air-wedge-shearing interferometry and spectroscopy on a picosecond plasma SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Congress of the Venezolano-de-Fisica CY DEC 10-14, 2001 CL CARACAS, VENEZUELA SP Venezolano Fisica DE laser-produced-plasma; shearing interferometer; picosecond; Stark width AB We present the results of an air-wedge shearing interferometer applied to a KrF, less than or equal to 20 ps, laser-xproduced plasma on a boron-carbide target. We produced synthetic interferograms in order to match the experimental ones by solving the differential equation of light rays in a plasma. The plasma was represented by an axisymmetric function with a variable dependence along the plasma axis. Inferred electron densities were compared to results obtained from the atomic postprocessor CRETIN running on fits to Lasnex hydro data, and from spectroscopically measured Stark widths in the XUV. C1 Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. Univ Maryland, Inst Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Iglesias, EJ (reprint author), Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 SU 3 BP 126 EP 129 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 751GD UT WOS:000187043700039 ER PT J AU Papenbrock, T Dean, DJ AF Papenbrock, T Dean, DJ TI Factorization of low-lying shell-model states SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL TAXCO, MEXICO DE Nuclear structure; shell model ID TRUNCATION AB Shell-model ground-states may accurately be approximated by products of proton and neutron states. The optimal factors are determined by a variational principle and result, from the solution of rather low-dimensional eigenvalue problems. Computations of the ground-state and low-lying excitations in Si-28 show that the method converges exponentially quickly as the number of retained factors is increased. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X; Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEXICANA FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 SU 4 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 752GL UT WOS:000187152700024 ER PT J AU He, J Joy, DC AF He, J Joy, DC TI Measurement of total gas scattering cross-section SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE scattering; cross-section; x-ray analysis; variable pressure scanning electron microscope; gas pressure ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; DEPOSITION AB Experimental measurements are presented of the total scattering cross-section of four gases: He, Air, CH4, and Argon as a function of electron beam energy. The method used was that of Gauvin. A comparison of theoretical estimates of the total scattering cross-section with the experimental data indicates that the model used gives a results. The data confirm that the gases generally reliable results tend to be molecular rather than atomic in nature in this pressure range (1-300 Pascal). The factors affecting the accuracy of these results are examined. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Sci & Engn Facil 232, EM Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Joy, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Sci & Engn Facil 232, EM Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 25 IS 6 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 751EV UT WOS:000187040600002 ER PT J AU Weeks, BL Camarero, J Noy, A Miller, AE Stanker, L De Yoreo, JJ AF Weeks, BL Camarero, J Noy, A Miller, AE Stanker, L De Yoreo, JJ TI A microcantilever-based pathogen detector SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE microfabrication; cantilever; biosensor; immunosensor; surface functionalization ID FORCE MICROSCOPY AB The ability to detect small amounts of materials, especially bacterial organisms, is important for medical diagnostics and national security issues. Engineered micromechanical systems provide one approach for constructing multifunctional, highly sensitive, real-time, immunospecific biological detectors. We present qualitative detection of specific Salmonella enterica strains using a functionalized silicon nitride microcantilever. Detection is achieved due to a change in the surface stress on the cantilever surface in situ upon binding of a small number of bacteria. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that less than 25 adsorbed bacteria are required for detection. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USDA, Western Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Weeks, BL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 10 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 11 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 25 IS 6 BP 297 EP 299 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 751EV UT WOS:000187040600004 PM 14696978 ER PT J AU Marchi, CS Kouzeli, M Rao, R Lewis, JA Dunand, DC AF Marchi, CS Kouzeli, M Rao, R Lewis, JA Dunand, DC TI Alumina-aluminum interpenetrating-phase composites with three-dimensional periodic architecture SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs); solid freeform processes; liquid infiltration; compression test; thermal expansion ID METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-EXPANSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH; PREFORMS; NETWORKS AB Robotic deposition was used to create an alumina structure with three-dimensional periodicity,and submillimeter feature size. Liquid metal infiltration of this structure resulted in an Al2O3-Al interpenetrating-phase composite exhibiting low thermal expansion and high compressive strength. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Magnet Resonance Sci Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Marchi, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-9402,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 29 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 IS 9 BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00441-X PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 716PW UT WOS:000185038400009 ER PT J AU Yang, XY Kramer, MJ Rozhkova, EA Sordelet, DJ AF Yang, XY Kramer, MJ Rozhkova, EA Sordelet, DJ TI Coincident lattice sites between cubic beta-Zr(Pt) and an isochemical icosahedral phase in rapidly solidified Zr80Pt20 alloys SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE rapid solidification; quasicrystals; beta-Zr(Pt) superstructure; TEM ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; ZR-PD AB Epitaxial growth of a bcc hyperstoichiometric beta-Zr(Pt) (Im3m) superstructure on an icosahedral phase has been studied in rapidly solidified Zr80Pt20 alloys. Icosahedral twofold axes coincide with <110>, <111>, <112> and <113> axes in beta-Zr(Pt). The beta-Zr(Pt) has a close crystallographic match and nearly identical stoichiometry to the i phase, but, it is not an approximant. Both the beta-Zr(Pt) and the i phase are distorted. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yang, XY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, USDOE, 107 Met Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 IS 9 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00440-8 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 716PW UT WOS:000185038400013 ER PT J AU Rigney, DA Fu, XY Hammerberg, JE Holian, BL Falk, ML AF Rigney, DA Fu, XY Hammerberg, JE Holian, BL Falk, ML TI Examples of structural evolution during sliding and shear of ductile materials SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE friction; shear bands; microstructure; driven systems ID METALLIC GLASSES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; WEAR; DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; BANDS; FLOW AB The focus of this paper is on structural changes, sometimes accompanied by composition changes, that develop adjacent to sliding interfaces in ductile materials. Examples of observations on sliding of crystalline and non-crystalline materials are compared with recent molecular dynamics simulations. Similarities between cases of sliding and localized shear are also noted. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA 19486 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rigney, DA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 477 Watts Hall,2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Falk, Michael/A-8478-2008 OI Falk, Michael/0000-0002-8383-4259 NR 33 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 IS 10 BP 977 EP 983 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00472-X PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 720NE UT WOS:000185266200009 ER PT J AU Clatterbuck, DM Chrzan, DC Morris, JW AF Clatterbuck, DM Chrzan, DC Morris, JW TI The influence of triaxial stress on the ideal tensile strength of iron SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron; mechanical properties; ideal strength; ab initio electron theory ID ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; STABILITY; ENERGY AB The effect of a superimposed hydrostatic tension or compression on the ideal tensile strength of Fe has been computed ab initio using the Projector Augmented Wave method. Interestingly, a superimposed hydrostatic tension increases the ideal tensile strength while hydrostatic compression decreases it. This result can be explained by a simple crystallographic model. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clatterbuck, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mailstop 66, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1007 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(03)00490-1 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 720NE UT WOS:000185266200014 ER PT J AU Skukla, MK Lal, R Ebinger, M AF Skukla, MK Lal, R Ebinger, M TI Tillage effects on physical and hydrological properties of a typic argiaquoll in Central Ohio SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE no-till; bulk density; water stable aggregation; infiltration rate; soil porosity; soil organic carbon ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; INFILTRATION; STRATIFICATION; CULTIVATION; RAINFALL; POROSITY; ROTATION AB No-till management is generally preferred over conventional tillage, especially in fine-textured soils where tillage can increase soil compaction, disrupt the natural structure formation process, and have long lasting effects on soil quality. The objective of this project was to quantify the interactive and residual effects of different tillage systems on the water transmission and structural properties of Kokomo silty clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquoll). Soil physical properties were assessed at the Don Scott experimental farm of the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 9 years after initiating the study and 20 months after the last tillage operation. Three tillage treatments were replicated four times: moldboard plow (MB), chisel plow (CP), and no-till (NT). Tillage operations took place during the fall of each year between 1993 and 2000, and soil samples for physical property assessment were obtained during summer 2002 for 0-10- and 10-20-cm depths. The water infiltration tests conducted on each of the 12 experimental plot showed that the highest cumulative infiltration (1, 90 cm) and steady state infiltration (i(c), 27 cm h(-1)) were for the NT treatment and varied in the order NT > CP similar to MB. Soil bulk density (rho(b)) varied in the order MB > NT similar to CP, available water capacity (AWC) and air filled porosity (f(a)) NT > MB similar to CP. The water stable aggregation (WSA) (943 g kg(-1)) and the volume of transmission (TrP) (0.10 cm(3)cm(- 3)) and storage pores (StP) (0.31 cm(3)cm(-3)) were the highest for the NT plots for 0-10-cm depth. For the 10-20-cm depth, the WSA and MWD were in the order NT > MB similar to CP; AWC-NT (2.00 cm) similar to CP (1.71 cm) > MB (1.36 cm). Tillage effects on soil properties between MB and CP seemed to diminish at the end of the growing season, and the infiltration rate after 5 min, i(c), I, WSA; and soil rho(b) values were similar. Canonical correlation analysis indicated strong association between volumes of StP and I, i(c) and soil rho(b), and SOC and soil rho(b). C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, FAES, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Skukla, MK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, FAES, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM Shukla.9@osu.edu RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X EI 1538-9243 J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 168 IS 11 BP 802 EP 811 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000100470.96182.4a PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 745NR UT WOS:000186695200006 ER PT J AU Kahle, M Kleber, M Torn, MS Jahn, R AF Kahle, M Kleber, M Torn, MS Jahn, R TI Carbon storage in coarse and fine clay fractions of illitic soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; NATURAL ORGANIC MATERIALS; SURFACE-AREAS; MATTER; COMPLEXES; TURNOVER; N-15; TOOL AB The storage of organic C in coarse (0.2-2 mum) and fine (<0.2 mu m) clay fractions of illitic topsoils from loess was investigated in terms of the effect of particle size and mineral phase properties. We compared (i) C functional groups by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), (ii) the stable C isotope ratio (delta(13) C ratio) of organic pools, and (iii) residence time of C by (14)C analyses. To investigate relationships between C storage and the size of mineral surface area or the amount of hydrous oxides, specific surface areas (SSAs, BET-N(2) method) and the content of dithionite-extractable Fe (Fe(d)) were analyzed. The chemistry of the organic matter stored in clay subfractions was different. Compared with coarse clay, fine clay contained relatively (i) more ketonic/aldehyde, carboxyl and phenolic C, and (ii) less anomeric, O-alkyl, and methoxyl/N-alkyl C, and had (iii) a lower C content and C/N ratio and (iv) a higher delta(13)C ratio. In 11 out of 14 fractions, C had turnover times of few centuries or less. In fine clay, the increase in SSA resulting from oxidation of organic matter explained 66% of the variation in C content, in coarse clay 97%. We calculated loadings of mineral surface area with C and Fe(d). Carbon loading exceeded Fed loading in coarse clay while it was of the same range in fine clay. The results may be interpreted as an indication that a certain portion of the mineral surface area controls the C content in both clay subtractions. The character of the important surface may differ between the subtractions. C1 Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Pflanzenernahrung & Bodenkunde, D-06108 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kahle, M (reprint author), Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Pflanzenernahrung & Bodenkunde, Weidenplan 14, D-06108 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. EM kahle@landw.uni-halle.de RI Jahn, Reinhold/F-1931-2013; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1732 EP 1739 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 741GN UT WOS:000186450500012 ER PT J AU Berenov, AV Foltyn, SR Schneider, CW Warburton, PA MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Berenov, AV Foltyn, SR Schneider, CW Warburton, PA MacManus-Driscoll, JL TI Determination of Ca diffusion in YBCO films by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE YBCO films; Ca doping; diffusion; SIMS ID LANTHANUM CHROMITES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-X; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUBSTITUTIONS; MULTILAYERS; EXCHANGE; CALCIUM; GROWTH AB Ca diffusion was studied in c-axis and a-axis oriented YBCO films by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). The films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Ca(NO(3))(2) solutions were deposited on the film surface and annealed over a large temperature range (300-870 degreesC) in air. The rate of Ca diffusion was measured to be the same in the c-axis and a-axis oriented films. The activation energy for Ca diffusion in YBCO was measured to be 67 +/- 10 kJ/mol. Fast diffusion along the grain boundaries was observed at temperatures below 700 degreesC with an activation energy of 46 +/- 12 kJ/mol. At 300 degreesC, the grain boundary diffusion coefficient is around 1.7 X 10(-14) cm(2) s(-1), which is 100 times larger than the corresponding bulk diffusion coefficient. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, Ctr Elect Correlat & Magnetism, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. UCL, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Berenov, AV (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. EM a.berenov@imperial.ac.uk RI Warburton, Paul/B-6987-2009; Berenov, Andrey/A-3020-2011; Schneider, Christof/I-5857-2014 OI Schneider, Christof/0000-0002-4292-8574 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 164 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.ssi.2003.08.052 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 752CB UT WOS:000187128300004 ER PT J AU Duckworth, RC Thompson, JR Gouge, MJ Lue, JW Ijaduola, AO Yu, D Verebelyi, DT AF Duckworth, RC Thompson, JR Gouge, MJ Lue, JW Ijaduola, AO Yu, D Verebelyi, DT TI Transport ac loss studies of YBCO coated conductors with nickel alloy substrates SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HTS CONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; TAPES; FIELD AB Transport alternating current (ac) loss measurements were performed on a series of rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate (RABiTS) processed YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated conductors at 77 K. While each sample possessed a I mum layer of YBCO and a 3 mum silver cap layer, two different nickel alloy substrates were used and their impact on the ac loss was examined. Both substrates possessed a 75 mum Ni-5 at%W base, but one substrate also had a 2 mum nickel overlayer as part of the buffer layer architecture. The ac losses, which were determined by thermal and electrical measurements, contained two dominant contributions: superconductive hysteresis in the YBCO and ferromagnetic hysteresis in the substrates. The superconductive component followed the Norris elliptic model for the substrate with the nickel overlayer and the Norris thin strip model for the substrate without the nickel overlayer. The substrates' ferromagnetic loss was determined separately through magnetization measurements, which showed that this loss contribution was independent of the presence of the nickel overlayer for effective ac currents less than 50 A. While the overall loss was lower for the thin-strip-like conductor with no nickel overlayer, further research is necessary to strengthen this connection. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duckworthrc@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1294 EP 1298 AR PII S0953-2048(03)63523-2 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/11/007 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 749EQ UT WOS:000186906300012 ER PT J AU Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Aytug, T Kang, S Lee, DF Goyal, A Payzant, EA Salama, K AF Bhuiyan, MS Paranthaman, M Sathyamurthy, S Aytug, T Kang, S Lee, DF Goyal, A Payzant, EA Salama, K TI MOD approach for the growth of epitaxial CeO2 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; FABRICATION; TAPES AB We have grown epitaxial CeO2 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors using a newly developed metal organic decomposition (MOD) approach. Precursor solution of 0.25 M concentration was spin coated on short samples of Ni-3 at%W (Ni-W) substrates and heat-treated at 1100 degreesC in a gas mixture of Ar-4%H-2 for 15 min. Detailed x-ray studies indicate that CeO2 films have good out-of-plane and in-plane textures with full-width-half-maximum values of 5.8degrees and 7.5degrees, respectively. High temperature in situ XRD studies show that the nucleation of CeO2 films starts at 600 degreesC and the growth completes within 5 min when heated at 1100 degreesC. SEM and AFM investigations of CeO2 films reveal a fairly dense microstructure without cracks and porosity. Highly textured YSZ barrier layers and CeO2 cap layers were deposited on MOD CeO2-buffered Ni-W substrates using rf-magnetron sputtering. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was used to grow YBCO films on these substrates. A critical current, J(c), of about 1.5 MA cm(-2) at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO (PLD)/CeO2 (sputtered)/YSZ (sputtered) /CeO2 (spin-coated)/Ni-W. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Bhuiyan, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 102 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 32 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1309 AR PII S0953-2048(03)67719-5 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/11/009 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 749EQ UT WOS:000186906300014 ER PT J AU Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Suenaga, M AF Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Suenaga, M TI A new method of HF control for synthesizing YBCO using the BaF2 ex situ process SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7 FILMS; DEPOSITION; SRTIO3 AB The removal of hydrogen fluoride gas (HF) is a significant problem for the ex situ processing of large area YBCO precursor coated conductors employed in the BaF2 process. We propose a new solution based on the in situ chemical absorption of HE This approach allows the design of a simple ex situ reactor, which, in theory, has an extremely large capacity to uniformly absorb HF and permit the uniform growth of crystalline YBCO. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Solovyov, VF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 16 IS 11 BP L37 EP L39 AR PII S0953-2048(03)63218-5 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/16/11/L01 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 749EQ UT WOS:000186906300001 ER PT J AU Buckley, AN Hartmann, AJ Lamb, RN Stampfl, APJ Freeland, JW Coulthard, I AF Buckley, AN Hartmann, AJ Lamb, RN Stampfl, APJ Freeland, JW Coulthard, I TI Threshold AlKLL Auger spectra of oxidized aluminium foils SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE oxidized aluminium; threshold AlKLL; OK-edge XANES; AlK-edge XANES; XPS ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; AL K-EDGE; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; TRANSITION METAL-ALLOYS; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY EELS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANT AUGER; OXIDE-FILMS; FINE-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-ANALYSIS AB Threshold Al KLL Auger electron spectroscopy and K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy have been used to examine technical purity (99.5%) aluminium foil before and after chemical treatment that altered the thickness and degree of hydroxylation of the oxidized layer. Comprehensive surface chemical characterization was effected by means of monochromatized Al Kalpha-excited photoelectron spectroscopy. Threshold Al KL2,3L2,3 spectra were obtained for three of the foils investigated and these spectra were in broad agreement with those observed previously for pure Al foil. The relative intensities of the spectral components for two of the foils were clearly consistent with the previously proposed assignment of the resonantly enhanced Auger component, situated between those arising from the metal and Al(III) oxide, to a thin interfacial layer. The threshold Auger spectra from the aluminium foil bearing the thickest and most hydroxylated. oxidized layer were not obviously consistent with the interfacial layer model but O K-edge spectra revealed that this surface layer was fundamentally different from the others and could have had a greater interfacial surface area. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Saskatchewan, Canadian Light Source Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Lucas Hts, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Buckley, AN (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 35 IS 11 BP 922 EP 931 DI 10.1002/sia.1626 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 745CN UT WOS:000186671200007 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM AF Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM TI Adsorption of water molecules on the CdTe(001) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water; physical adsorption; density functional calculations ID SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSITION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DYNAMICS AB The adsorption of water molecules on the CdTe(0 0 1) surface is studied by density-functional total-energy calculations within the generalized gradient approximation. We find that water is adsorbed molecularly on Cd atoms, and dissociative adsorption is energetically unfavorable. We also find that the formation of Cd and Te vacancies on the surface and electron and hole doping do not alter significantly the adsorption behavior of water molecules on the CdTe(0 0 1) surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NCPV, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), NCPV, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2003.08.045 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 737RN UT WOS:000186245700011 ER PT J AU Aikens, CM Webb, SP Bell, RL Fletcher, GD Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS AF Aikens, CM Webb, SP Bell, RL Fletcher, GD Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS TI A derivation of the frozen-orbital unrestricted open-shell and restricted closed-shell second-order perturbation theory analytic gradient expressions SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE analytic derivative; Moller-Plesset perturbation theory; frozen core ID CORRELATED WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; COUPLED-CLUSTER; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ENERGY GRADIENTS; EXCITED-STATES; BASIS SETS; IMPLEMENTATION; SILICOCENE; COMPOUND AB A detailed derivation of the frozen-orbital second-order perturbation theory (MP2) analytic gradient in the spin-orbital basis is presented. The summation ranges and modification of the MP2 gradient terms that result from the frozen-orbital approximation are clearly identified. The frozen-orbital analytic gradients for unrestricted MP2 and closed-shell MP2 are determined from the spin-orbital derivation. A discussion of useful implementation procedures is included. Timings from full and frozen-orbital MP2 gradient calculations on the molecule silicocene (the silicon analog of the sandwich compound ferrocene) are also presented. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NCI, Adv Biomed Comp Ctr, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NASA, ELORET Corp, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov OI Aikens, Christine/0000-0002-0854-7997 NR 35 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 110 IS 4 BP 233 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00214-003-0453-3 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 742XH UT WOS:000186543000001 ER PT J AU Huang, JY Jia, QX AF Huang, JY Jia, QX TI Structural properties of SrWO4 films synthesized by pulsed-laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE thin films; pulsed-laser deposition; HREM; strontium tungstate ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; LUMINESCENCE; TUNGSTATES AB Epitaxial SrWO4 films were successfully deposited with or without a buffer layer on the sapphire substrate by pulsed-laser deposition. The interface structures were characterized by high resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and it indicated that the film deposited on a CeO2 buffer layer shows a much better epitaxy than that deposited directly on the substrate, because of the small lattice mismatch between the film and the buffer layer. HREM also revealed definite orientation relationship among the film, the buffer layer, and the substrate, i.e. [(1) over bar 10](00 (4) over bar)(SrWO4)//[1 (1) over bar0](002)(CeO3)//[20 (12) over bar]((1) over bar 10 (2) over bar)(sapphire). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Huang, JY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2003 VL 444 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01026-5 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 737RC UT WOS:000186244700015 ER PT J AU Long, PH Herbert, RA Peckham, JC Grumbein, SL Shackelford, CC Abdo, K AF Long, PH Herbert, RA Peckham, JC Grumbein, SL Shackelford, CC Abdo, K TI Morphology of nasal lesions in F344/N rats following chronic inhalation exposure to naphthalene vapors SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE naphthalene; rat; olfactory; inhalation; toxicity; carcinogenicity; neuroblastoma; adenoma ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; MICE; TOXICITY; CARCINOGENICITY; ACETALDEHYDE; GENOTOXICITY; HAMSTERS; TUMORS; CAVITY AB Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) administered by inhalation at concentrations of 10, 30, or 60 ppm for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 105 weeks caused nonneoplastic and neoplastic effects in nasal respiratory and olfactory regions of male and female F344/N rats. Non-neoplastic nasal effects were characterized by an increase in the incidence and severity of a complex group of lesions, including atypical hyperplasia, atrophy, chronic inflammation, and hyaline degeneration of olfactory epithelium; hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, hyaline degeneration, and goblet cell hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium; and hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of mucosal glands. Neoplastic effects were characterized by the induction of two types of rare primary nasal tumors, olfactory neuroblastomas and respiratory epithelial adenomas. The incidences of olfactory neuroblastomas in males at 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm were, respectively, 0%, 0%, 8%, and 6%, whereas in females they were 0%, 4%, 6%, and 24%. The incidences of respiratory epithelial adenomas in males at 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 30 ppm, and 60 ppm were, respectively, 0%, 12%, 17%, and 31% and in females 0%, 0%, 8%, and 4%. The olfactory neuroblastomas and respiratory epithelial adenomas were considered carcinogenic effects related to naphthalene exposure based on their relatively high incidence in exposed rats, their absence in concurrent control rats and NTP historical controls, and their rare spontaneous occurrence in rats of any strain. C1 Pathol Associates Inc, W Chester, OH 45069 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Expt Pathol Labs Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Battelle NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Long, PH (reprint author), Pathol Associates Inc, 6217 Centre Pk Dr, W Chester, OH 45069 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2003 VL 31 IS 6 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1080/01926230390242016 PG 10 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 737AF UT WOS:000186205900009 PM 14585734 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SB Wullschleger, SD Nosal, M AF McLaughlin, SB Wullschleger, SD Nosal, M TI Diurnal and seasonal changes in stem increment and water use by yellow poplar trees in response to environmental stress SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th North American Forest Biology Workshop CY JUL 15-18, 2002 CL WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PULLMAN, WASHINGTON SP Soc Amer Foresters, Tree Physiol & Forest Genet Working Grp HO WASHINGTON STATE UNIV DE climate; dendrometers; growth; regression; sap flow ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT OZONE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NORWAY SPRUCE; FOREST TREES; DOUGLAS-FIR; SAP FLOW; GROWTH-RESPONSES; RADIUS CHANGES; PICEA-ABIES AB To evaluate indicators of whole-tree physiological responses to climate stress, we determined seasonal, daily and diurnal patterns of growth and water use in 10 yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) trees in a stand recently released from competition. Precise measurements of stem increment and sap flow made with automated electronic dendrometers and thermal dissipation probes, respectively, indicated close temporal linkages between water use and patterns of stem shrinkage and swelling during daily cycles of water depletion and recharge of extensible outer-stem tissues. These cycles also determined net daily basal area increment. Multivariate regression models based on a 123-day data series showed that daily diameter increments were related negatively to vapor pressure deficit (VPD), but positively to precipitation and temperature. The same model form with slight changes in coefficients yielded coefficients of determination of about 0.62 (0.57-0.66) across data subsets that included widely variable growth rates and VPDs. Model R-2 was improved to 0.75 by using 3-day running mean daily growth data. Rapid recovery of stem diameter growth following short-term, diurnal reductions in VPD indicated that water stored in extensible stem tissues was part of a fast recharge system that limited hydration changes in the cambial zone during periods of water stress. There were substantial differences in the seasonal dynamics of growth among individual trees, and analyses indicated that faster-growing trees were more positively affected by precipitation, solar irradiance and temperature and more negatively affected by high VPD than slower-growing trees. There were no negative effects of ozone on daily growth rates in a year of low ozone concentrations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37931 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Math & Stat, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP McLaughlin, SB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 23 IS 16 BP 1125 EP 1136 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 741HG UT WOS:000186452200005 PM 14522718 ER PT J AU Huisman, JA Hubbard, SS Redman, JD Annan, AP AF Huisman, J. A. Hubbard, S. S. Redman, J. D. Annan, A. P. TI Measuring Soil Water Content with Ground Penetrating Radar: A Review SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB We present a comprehensive review of methods to measure soil water content with ground penetrating radar (GPR). We distinguish four methodologies: soil water content determined from reflected wave velocity, soil water content determined from ground wave velocity, soil water content determined from transmitted wave velocity between boreholes, and soil water content determined from the surface reflection coefficient. For each of these four methodologies, we discuss the basic principles, illustrate the quality of the data with field examples, discuss the possibilities and limitations, and identify areas where future research is required. We hope that this review will further stimulate the community to consider ground penetrating radar as one of the possible tools to measure soil water content. C1 [Huisman, J. A.] Univ Amsterdam, Ctr Geoecol Res, Inst Biodivers & Ecosyst Dynam IBED Phys Geog, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Hubbard, S. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hubbard, S. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Redman, J. D.; Annan, A. P.] Sensors & Software Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada. RP Huisman, JA (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Dep Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35372 Giessen, Germany. EM sander.huisman@agrar.uni-giessen.de RI Huisman, J.A. (Sander)/I-7078-2012; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 FU NWO-ALW [750-19-804]; USDA [2001-35102-09866] FX This study was financially supported by NWO-ALW grant number 750-19-804 (J.A. Huisman) and by USDA grant number 2001-35102-09866 (Y. Rubin). T.P.A. Ferre is thanked for initiating this review. Three anonymous reviewers are thanked for their constructive comments. NR 83 TC 374 Z9 392 U1 8 U2 109 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 476 EP 491 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VB UT WOS:000207558000003 ER PT J AU Gee, GW Zhang, ZF Ward, AL AF Gee, Glendon W. Zhang, Z. Fred Ward, Andy L. TI A Modified Vadose Zone Fluxmeter with Solution Collection Capability SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To assess contaminant fluxes in the vadose zone water flux and solute concentrations must be known but they are seldom measured simultaneously at the same location. A water fluxmeter (WFM) with divergence control was modified to measure solute concentrations by adding a funnel and collection vial to the bottom of the meter. Laboratory experiments using coarse and fine sands showed that measured solute concentrations and known water fluxes can be combined to provide estimates of solute flux. Water containing a NO(3)(-) tracer was applied at a rate of 1.97 x 10(-8) m s(-1) (621 mm yr(-1)), and water flux was simultaneously measured along with NO(3)(-) concentrations in the outflow water. The general agreement in fitted and measured pore-water velocities suggests that the breakthrough curves of NO(3)(-) measured using the drainage through the WFM can be used to estimate the pore-water velocity of the soil. Solute travel-time through the 60-cm-long wick was <10% of the travel time through the sands and could be neglected. Flow divergence was examined by measuring the soil water content and pressure head at different positions and by measuring the water flux passing through and around the WFM. Divergence was controlled by a 15-cm-high barrier such that more than 80% of the flow passed through the fluxmeter in both soils. Results show that the modified SFM can provide a convenient method for long-term monitoring of contaminant flux. C1 [Gee, Glendon W.; Zhang, Z. Fred; Ward, Andy L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gee, GW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3200 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glendon.gee@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Hanford Ground Water/Vadose Zone Integrated Project Science and Technology Initiative. We thank Karen Waters-Husted, who provided valuable help in recording and collecting drainage data. We also acknowledge the late John Cary, who brilliantly pioneered vadose zone fluxmeter work and provided much of the inspiration for our efforts. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VB UT WOS:000207558000020 ER PT J AU Pace, MN Mayes, MA Jardine, PM Mehlhorn, TL Zachara, JM Bjornstad, BN AF Pace, M. N. Mayes, M. A. Jardine, P. M. Mehlhorn, T. L. Zachara, J. M. Bjornstad, B. N. TI Quantifying the Effects of Small-Scale Heterogeneities on Flow and Transport in Undisturbed Cores from the Hanford Formation SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Accelerated migration of contaminants in the vadose zone has been observed beneath tank farms at the U. S. Department of Energy's Hanford Reservation, Richland, WA. This paper focuses on quantifying hydrologic processes that control the fate and transport of contaminants in the unsaturated sediments beneath the Hanford tank farms. The experimental approach involved the use of field relevant, long-term unsaturated nonreactive transport experiments in undisturbed sediments from the Hanford Formation. Undisturbed sediment cores were collected from a laminated fine-grained sand unit within the Hanford Formation in both the vertical direction (flow cross bedding) and the horizontal direction (flow bedding parallel). Laboratory-scale saturated and unsaturated flow experiments were conducted using multiple nonreactive tracers to investigate hydrologic processes controlling the vertical and lateral spread of contaminants. The nonreactive tracers differ in their free-water molecular diffusion coefficients, thus providing a quantitative measure of diffusional processes and the presence of immobile water. Asymmetric breakthrough curves (BTCs) and coelution of tracers were observed during saturated flow in both horizontal and vertical cores, indicating advection enhanced solute dispersion with no accompanying immobile water. Unsaturated tracer transport in the vertical and horizontal cores resulted in earlier breakthrough, asymmetric BTCs, and differential breakthrough of tracers where the elution of piperazine-1-4-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES) preceded that of pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA), which preceded that of Br. These results suggest that physical nonequilibrium processes (PNE) such as preferential finger flow coupled with immobile water may control the unsaturated movement of contaminants in the Hanford Formation. C1 [Pace, M. N.; Mayes, M. A.; Jardine, P. M.; Mehlhorn, T. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zachara, J. M.; Bjornstad, B. N.] Pacific NW Lab, Environm Dynam & Simulat Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Pace, MN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pacem@ornl.gov FU Hanford Site Integration Project Science and Technology Endeavor, Vadose Zone Technical Element, Richland, WA; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Hanford Site Integration Project Science and Technology Endeavor, Vadose Zone Technical Element, Richland, WA. The authors would like to thank Matt Fields, ORNL, for his work on the microbiological degradation of PFBA. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the University of Tennessee-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 664 EP 676 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VB UT WOS:000207558000025 ER PT J AU Hutchison, JM Seaman, JC Aburime, SA Radcliffe, DE AF Hutchison, J. M. Seaman, J. C. Aburime, S. A. Radcliffe, D. E. TI Chromate Transport and Retention in Variably Saturated Soil Columns SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Most subsurface contamination passes through the unsaturated zone before reaching an aquifer; however, transport studies are often conducted under saturated conditions because of the difficulty in maintaining steady-state flow. Chromate migration was measured in coarse-textured, oxide-rich sediment under different water contents using vacuum and centrifuge techniques to obtain a steady-state unsaturated flow regime. Leaching solutions contained 0.5 or 1.0 mM Cr(VI) and tritium in artificial groundwater. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were modeled using CXTFIT assuming equilibrium conditions, since evaluation of data using a "two-region" physical nonequilibrium model indicated that mobile water was >90% regardless of saturation level. Dispersivity increased nonlinearly with decreasing water content. Retardation (R) increased with decreasing water content, but water content had little effect on the distribution coefficient calculated from R, K(d-app). The average K(d-app) of all Cr(VI) experiments (water content range: 0.07-0.43 cm(3) cm(-3)) was 0.633 mL g(-1), very similar to the distribution coefficient derived from batch equilibration, K(d) (0.684 mL g(-1)). Though results in both transport systems were similar, average solute residence times in the vacuum system were 4 to 23 times longer than in the centrifuge system at comparable water contents. The centrifuge system column experiments could also be run over a greater range in volumetric water content (0.07-0.42 cm(3) cm(-3)) than the vacuum column system (0.23-0.43 cm(3) cm(-3)). C1 [Hutchison, J. M.; Seaman, J. C.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Aburime, S. A.] Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Engn, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Radcliffe, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Seaman, JC (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM seaman@srel.edu FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX This research was supported by the Environmental Remediation Sciences Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy through the Financial Assistance Award no. DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. The authors would like to acknowledge the thoughtful comments of Dr. Marianne Guerin and Julian Singer on an earlier version of the manuscript, the assistance of Dr. Machelle Wilson in conducting statistical analysis, and the laboratory assistance of J. Logan, J. McIntosh, A. Kelsey-Wall, and Dr. M. Uddin. NR 64 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 2 IS 4 BP 702 EP 714 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA V11VB UT WOS:000207558000028 ER PT J AU Imbeni, V Martini, C Prandstraller, D Poli, A Trepanier, C Duerig, TW AF Imbeni, V Martini, C Prandstraller, D Poli, A Trepanier, C Duerig, TW TI Preliminary study of micro-scale abrasive wear of a NiTi shape memory alloy SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE NiTi; shape memory; micro-scale abrasion; biomedical applications; wear ID PSEUDOELASTIC TINI ALLOY; RESISTANT MATERIAL; BEHAVIOR; ANGULARITY AB Nitinol (NiTi), a nearly equiatomic nickel-titanium alloy is known for its unique shape memory and superelastic properties, which result from martensitic transformations. It is the material of choice for numerous biomedical applications such as endovascular stents, vena cava filters, dental files and guidewires for non-invasive surgery, etc. Micro-scale abrasion tests (MSATs) have been performed on the NiTi shape memory alloy, so as to evaluate the influence of different commercial abrasives such as silicon carbide, alumina and glass on the wear behaviour. The aim of the work was the selection of the most effective abrasive for cleaning the inner surface of laser-cut cardiovascular stents. Abrasive particles have been characterised by X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDS before and after MSATs. Worn surfaces have been studied by stylus profilometry, SEM and atomic force microscopy. The effect of abrasive particle hardness, size and angularity on the wear behaviour has been evaluated and discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bologna, Inst Met, Bologna, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nitinol Devices & Components, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. RP Imbeni, V (reprint author), 239 Brannan St,Apt 3E, San Francisco, CA 94107 USA. RI MARTINI, CARLA/R-3924-2016 OI MARTINI, CARLA/0000-0001-9281-6469 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD NOV PY 2003 VL 254 IS 12 BP 1299 EP 1306 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00092-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 737TH UT WOS:000186247500010 ER PT J AU Radhakrishnan, S Racherla, G Sekharan, CN Rao, NSV Batsell, SG AF Radhakrishnan, S Racherla, G Sekharan, CN Rao, NSV Batsell, SG TI Protocol for dynamic ad-hoc networks using distributed spanning trees SO WIRELESS NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE ad-hoc network; routing; spanning tree; distributed algorithm; simulation AB A dynamic ad-hoc network consists of a collection of mobile hosts with frequently changing network topology. We propose a distributed algorithm that adapts to the topology by utilizing spanning trees in the regions where the topology is stable, and resorting to an intelligent flooding-like approach in highly dynamic regions of the network. Routing is performed using the spanning trees based a hold-and-forward or shuttling mechanisms. We introduce the notion of connectivity-through-time and the parameter holding-time as new fundamental concepts that can be used by ad-hoc routing algorithms. For various network connectivity scenarios we evaluate the impact of these concepts on the performance of ad-hoc routing algorithms. Using simulation, we study the throughput, reachability and message-reachability ratio of the proposed schemes under various connection/disconnection rates and holding times. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Networking Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1022-0038 J9 WIREL NETW JI Wirel. Netw. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 9 IS 6 BP 673 EP 686 DI 10.1023/A:1025916720618 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 726UL UT WOS:000185619100010 ER PT J AU Gubicza, J Dragomir, IC Ribarik, G Baik, SC Zhu, YT Vailev, RZ Ungar, T AF Gubicza, J Dragomir, IC Ribarik, G Baik, SC Zhu, YT Vailev, RZ Ungar, T TI Dislocation structure and crystallite size distribution in plastically deformed Ti determined by X-ray peak profile analysis SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR METALLKUNDE LA English DT Article DE crystallite size distribution; dislocation structure; Ti; severe plastic deformation; X-ray peak profile analysis ID ALPHA-TITANIUM; PURE TI; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; ECAP; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURES; DEPENDENCE; CONTRAST AB Ultrafine-grained titanium produced by equal channel angular pressing and subsequent cold rolling is studied by Xray diffraction. It is found that a texture exists in which the hexagonal basal planes are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the billet. The crystallite size distribution and the dislocation structure are determined by X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis. The median and the variance of the crystallite size distribution are obtained as m = 39 nm and sigma = 0.14, respectively. The dislocation model of anisotropic broadening of peak profiles enables to determine the active slip systems. It was found that all three possible hexagonal Burgers vectors of dislocations exist, with the composition of 66% type, 33% type and 1% type. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Gen Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Solid State Phys, Budapest, Hungary. Tech Univ Clausthal, Inst Mat Engn & Technol, D-3392 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa, Russia. RP Ungar, T (reprint author), Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Gen Phys, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM ungar@ludens.elte.hu RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Ribarik, Gabor/A-9213-2012 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-3093 J9 Z METALLKD JI Z. Metallk. PD NOV PY 2003 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1185 EP 1188 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 810IR UT WOS:000220698500003 ER PT J AU Baxa, U Taylor, KL Wall, JS Simon, MN Cheng, NQ Wickner, RB Steven, AC AF Baxa, U Taylor, KL Wall, JS Simon, MN Cheng, NQ Wickner, RB Steven, AC TI Architecture of Ure2p prion filaments - The N-terminal domains form a central core fiber SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN DETERMINANT; PODOSPORA-ANSERINA; MASS ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO; SCRAPIE; GENE; ORGANIZATION AB The [URE3] prion is an inactive, self-propagating, filamentous form of the Ure2 protein, a regulator of nitrogen catabolism in yeast. The N-terminal "prion" domain of Ure2p determines its in vivo prion properties and in vitro amyloid-forming ability. Here we determined the overall structures of Ure2p filaments and related polymers of the prion domain fused to other globular proteins. Protease digestion of 25-nm diameter Ure2p filaments trimmed them to 4-nm filaments, which mass spectrometry showed to be composed of prion domain fragments, primarily residues similar to1-70. Fusion protein filaments with diameters of 14-25 nm were also reduced to 4-nm filaments by proteolysis. The prion domain transforms from the most to the least protease-sensitive part upon filament formation in each case, implying that it undergoes a conformational change. Intact filaments imaged by cryo-electron microscopy or after vanadate staining by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) revealed a central 4-nm core with attached globular appendages. STEM mass per unit length measurements of unstained filaments yielded 1 monomer per 0.45 nm in each case. These observations strongly support a unifying model whereby subunits in Ure2p filaments, as well as in fusion protein filaments, are connected by interactions between their prion domains, which form a 4-nm amyloid filament backbone, surrounded by the corresponding C-terminal moieties. C1 NIAMSD, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Labs, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steven, AC (reprint author), Bldg 50,Rm 1517,50 South Dr,MSC 8025, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 46 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 44 BP 43717 EP 43727 DI 10.1074/jbc.M306004200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 736EA UT WOS:000186157000121 PM 12917441 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Felinger, A Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Felinger, A Guiochon, G TI Overloaded gradient elution chromatography on heterogeneous adsorbents in reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE stationary phases; LC; overloaded band profiles; heterogeneous surface; general isotherm modeling; gradient elution; preparative chromatography; phenol ID SINGLE-COMPONENT; BAND PROFILES; PARAMETERS; MODEL AB Overloaded band profiles of phenol were measured on a C-18-Kromasil column in gradient elution conditions. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methanol and water. The volume fraction of methanol was allowed to vary between 0 and 0.5. A general adsorption model, which expresses the amount of phenol adsorbed q* as a function of both its concentration C and the composition phi of the organic modifier (methanol) in the mobile phase, was empirically derived from previous independent adsorption experiments based on frontal analysis (FA) and frontal analysis by the characteristic point (FACP). Accordingly, the general model was an extension of the simplest heterogeneous model, the Bilangmuir model, to non-isocratic conditions. The low-energy sites followed the classical linear solvent strength model (LSSM), but not the high-energy sites whose saturation capacity linearly decreased with phi. The general model was validated by comparing the experimental and simulated band profiles in gradient elution conditions, in linear and non-linear conditions, as well. The band profiles were calculated by means of the equilibrium-dispersive model of chromatography with a finite difference algorithm. A very good agreement was observed using steps gradient (Deltaphi) from 0 to 50% methanol and gradient times t(g) of 20, 25, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100 min. The agreement was still excellent for steps gradient from 5 to 45% (t(g) = 25 min), 5 to 35% (t(g) = 50 min), 5 to 25% (t(g) = 50 min) and 5 to 15% (t(g) = 50 min). Significative differences appeared between experience and simulation when the slope of the gradient (Deltaphi/t(g)) became too strong beyond 3.3% methanol per minute. This threshold value probably mirrored the kinetic of arrangement of the G(18)-bonded chains when the methanol content increased in the mobile phase. It suggested that the chromatographic system was not in a full thermodynamic equilibrium state when very steep mobile phase gradients were applied. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Felinger, Attila/A-1595-2008 OI Felinger, Attila/0000-0001-7130-1968 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 1017 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01285-8 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 730XZ UT WOS:000185856600005 PM 14584690 ER PT J AU Koike, M Kondo, Y Kita, K Takegawa, N Masui, Y Miyazaki, Y Ko, MW Weinheimer, AJ Flocke, F Weber, RJ Thornton, DC Sachse, GW Vay, SA Blake, DR Streets, DG Eisele, FL Sandholm, ST Singh, HB Talbot, RW AF Koike, M Kondo, Y Kita, K Takegawa, N Masui, Y Miyazaki, Y Ko, MW Weinheimer, AJ Flocke, F Weber, RJ Thornton, DC Sachse, GW Vay, SA Blake, DR Streets, DG Eisele, FL Sandholm, ST Singh, HB Talbot, RW TI Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE reactive nitrogen; nitrate; sulfur dioxide; sulfate; transport; East Asia ID AIRBORNE OBSERVATIONS; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; WESTERN PACIFIC; CHEJU ISLAND; NITRIC-ACID; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; OUTFLOW; KOREA; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Measurements of gaseous and particulate reactive nitrogen and sulfur species, as well as other chemical species, were made using the P-3B and DC-8 aircraft over the western Pacific during the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment, conducted between February and April 2001. These measurements provide a good opportunity to study the extent to which anthropogenic NOx and SO2 emitted over the East Asian countries remain as NOy and SOx (=SO2 + nssSO(4)(2-)) in the form of gas or fine particles when an air mass is transported into the western Pacific region. In this paper a method to estimate transport efficiencies, epsilon(NOy) and epsilon(SOx), in an air mass that has experienced multiple injection, mixing, and loss processes is described. In this analysis, CO and CO2 are used as passive tracers of transport, and the emission inventories of CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2 over the East Asia region are used. Results from the P-3B presented in this study indicate that 20-40% and 15% of NOx emitted over the northeastern part of China remained as NOy over the western Pacific in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT), respectively. In the FT, PAN is found to have been the dominant form of NOy, while only 0.5% of emitted NOx remained as NOx. The transport efficiency of SOx is estimated to have been 25-45% and 15-20% in the BL and FT, respectively. Median values of the nssSO(4)(2-)/SOx ratio are 0.4-0.6 both in the BL and FT, however large variability is found in the FT. These results are generally consistent with those derived using DC-8 data. The results obtained in this study indicate that more than half of NOy and SOx were lost over the continent and that the vertical transport from the BL to FT further reduced their amounts by a factor of 2, likely due to wet removal. Budgets of NOy and SOx were also studied for air masses, which we sampled during TRACE-P and the flux out from the continent in these cases is estimated to be 20% of the emissions. Flux in the BL and FT is found to have a similar contribution. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Fac Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03820 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kita@env.sci.ibaraki.ac.jp; takegawa@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; masui@aos.eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; yuzom@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; m.k.ko@larc.nasa.gov; wein@ucar.edu; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; rweber@eas.gatech.edu; dct@drexel.edu; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; s.a.vay@larc.nasa.gov; dblake@orion.oac.uci.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; eisele@ncar.ucar.edu; scott.sandholm@eas.gatech.edu; hsingh@mail.arc.nasa.gov; robert.talbot@unh.edu RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Miyazaki, Yuzo/C-6920-2010 NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D20 AR 8789 DI 10.1029/2002JD003284 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 740GW UT WOS:000186395500005 ER PT J AU Wright, JW Stouffer, RL Rodland, KD AF Wright, JW Stouffer, RL Rodland, KD TI Estrogen inhibits cell cycle progression and retinoblastoma phosphorylation in rhesus ovarian surface epithelial cell culture SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiestrogen; estrogen; ERK; OSE; proliferation; Rb ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; GROWTH ARREST; CARCINOMA CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; RECEPTOR; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB Estrogen promotes the growth of some ovarian cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations, but has been shown to inhibit growth of normal ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells at micromolar concentrations (1 mug/ml). OSE cells express the estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, and are the source of 90% of ovarian cancers. The potential sensitivity of OSE cells to estrogen stresses the importance of understanding the estrogen-dependent mechanisms at play in OSE proliferation and transformation, as well as in anticancer treatment. We investigated the effects of estradiol on cell proliferation in vitro, and demonstrate an intracellular locus of action of estradiol in cultured rhesus ovarian surface epithelial (RhOSE) cells. We show that ovarian and breast cells are growth-inhibited by micromolar concentrations of estradiol, and that this inhibition correlates with estrogen receptor expression. We further show that normal rhesus OSE cells do not activate ERK or Akt in response to estradiol, nor does estradiol block the ability of serum to stimulate ERK or induce cyclin D expression. Contrarily, estradiol inhibits serum-dependent retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation and blocks DNA synthesis. This inhibition does not formally arrest cells, and is reversible within hours of estrogen withdrawal. Our data are consistent with growth inhibition by activation of Rb and indicate that sensitivity to hormone therapy in anticancer treatment can be modulated by cell cycle regulators downstream of the estrogen receptor. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Reprod Sci, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wright, JW (reprint author), Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Reprod Sci, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM wrightj@ohsu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-78722]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00163]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-20869] NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2003.08.001 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 740FG UT WOS:000186391800001 PM 14580716 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Grosse Perdekamp, M Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, LD Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Grosse Perdekamp, M Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, LD Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AU COLLISIONS AB The anisotropy parameter (v(2)), the second harmonic of the azimuthal particle distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particle production at central rapidities (\eta\<0.35) with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (\eta\=3-4 ). We observe that the v(2) of mesons falls below that of (anti)baryons for p(T)>2 GeV/c, in marked contrast to the predictions of a hydrodynamical model. A quark-coalescence model is also investigated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. KFKI, Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPN Orsay, F-91406 Orsay, France. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Sci Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015 OI du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; NR 21 TC 953 Z9 966 U1 28 U2 69 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 182301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.182301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800009 PM 14611335 ER PT J AU Anastasiou, C Dixon, L Melnikov, K Petriello, F AF Anastasiou, C Dixon, L Melnikov, K Petriello, F TI Dilepton rapidity distribution in the Drell-Yan process at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENERGIES AB We compute the rapidity distribution of the virtual photon produced in the Drell-Yan process through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. We introduce a powerful new method for calculating differential distributions in hard scattering processes. This method is based upon a generalization of the optical theorem; it allows the integration-by-parts technology developed for multiloop diagrams to be applied to noninclusive phase-space integrals, and permits a high degree of automation. We apply our results to the analysis of fixed-target experiments. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Anastasiou, C (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 131 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 182002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.182002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800008 PM 14611276 ER PT J AU Bianchi, A Movshovich, R Capan, C Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Bianchi, A Movshovich, R Capan, C Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI Possible Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconducting state in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TYPE-2 SUPERCONDUCTORS; PAULI PARAMAGNETISM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HEAVY-FERMION; MIXED-STATE; FIELD; UPD2AL3; CERU2 AB We report specific heat measurements of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 in the vicinity of the superconducting critical field H-c2, with magnetic fields in the [110], [100], and [001] directions, and at temperatures down to 50 mK. The superconducting phase transition changes from second to first order for fields above 10 T for Hparallel to[110] and Hparallel to[100]. In the same range of magnetic fields, we observe a second specific heat anomaly within the superconducting state. We interpret this anomaly as a signature of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) inhomogeneous superconducting state. We obtain similar results for Hparallel to[001], with the FFLO state occupying a smaller part of the phase diagram. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971; NR 28 TC 404 Z9 406 U1 5 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 187004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.187004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800041 PM 14611309 ER PT J AU Keavney, DJ Wu, D Freeland, JW Johnston-Halperin, E Awschalom, DD Shi, J AF Keavney, DJ Wu, D Freeland, JW Johnston-Halperin, E Awschalom, DD Shi, J TI Element resolved spin configuration in ferromagnetic manganese-doped gallium arsenide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SUM-RULES; SEMICONDUCTOR; EPILAYERS; STATES; MN AB We report induced Ga and As moments in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs detected using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Mn, Ga, and As L-3,L-2 edges. Across a broad composition range, we find As and Ga dichroism signals which indicate an As 4s moment coupled antiparallel to the Mn 3d moment, and a smaller parallel Ga 4s moment. The Ga moment follows that of Mn in both doping and temperature dependence. These results are consistent with recent predictions of induced GaAs host moments and support the model of carrier-mediated ferromagnetic ordering involving As-derived valence band states. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Keavney, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel/B-5902-2012; OI Wu, Di/0000-0003-2073-1022 NR 26 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 187203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.187203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800044 PM 14611312 ER PT J AU Pattison, LK Cullen, DM Smith, JF Fletcher, AM Walker, PM El-Masri, HM Podolyak, Z Wood, RJ Scholey, C Wheldon, C Mukherjee, G Balabanski, D Djongolov, M Dalsgaard, T Thisgaard, H Sletten, G Kondev, F Jenkins, D Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Frauendorf, S Almehed, D AF Pattison, LK Cullen, DM Smith, JF Fletcher, AM Walker, PM El-Masri, HM Podolyak, Z Wood, RJ Scholey, C Wheldon, C Mukherjee, G Balabanski, D Djongolov, M Dalsgaard, T Thisgaard, H Sletten, G Kondev, F Jenkins, D Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Frauendorf, S Almehed, D TI Multiphonon vibrations at high angular momentum in Os-182 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID K=25 ISOMER; NUCLEI; STATES AB Evidence is presented for multiphonon excitations based on a high-spin (25 (h) over bar) intrinsic state in the deformed nucleus Os-182. Angular momentum generation by this mode competes with collective rotation. The experimental data are compared with tilted-axis cranking calculations, supporting the vibrational interpretation. However, the lower experimental energies provide evidence that more complex interactions of states are playing a role. C1 Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Pattison, LK (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; Thisgaard, Helge/B-9362-2017 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; Thisgaard, Helge/0000-0001-9492-448X NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 182501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.182501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800010 ER PT J AU Phillips, MC Wang, HL Rumyantsev, I Kwong, NH Takayama, R Binder, R AF Phillips, MC Wang, HL Rumyantsev, I Kwong, NH Takayama, R Binder, R TI Electromagnetically induced transparency in semiconductors via biexciton coherence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL RESPONSE; QUANTUM-WELLS; LIGHT; STORAGE; STATES AB We report an experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of electromagnetically induced transparency in a GaAs quantum well, in which the absorption of an exciton resonance is reduced by more than twentyfold. The destructive quantum interference in this scheme is set up by a control pulse that couples to a resonance of biexcitons. These studies illustrate that many-particle interactions, which are inherent in semiconductors and are often detrimental to quantum coherences, can also be harnessed to manipulate these coherences. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Wang, Hailin/A-2362-2011 NR 27 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 183602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.183602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800015 PM 14611283 ER PT J AU Stephens, RB Hatchett, SP Turner, RE Tanaka, KA Kodama, R AF Stephens, RB Hatchett, SP Turner, RE Tanaka, KA Kodama, R TI Implosion of indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IGNITION; FUSION; PLASMA; GAIN AB We have examined the implosion of an indirectly driven reentrant-cone shell target to clarify the issues attendant on compressing fuel for a fast ignition target. The target design is the hydrodynamic equivalent of a NIF cryoignition target scaled to be driven by Omega. Implosions were imaged with backlit x radiographs and modeled with LASNEX. The simulations were generally in good agreement with the experiments with respect to the shell diameter, density, and symmetry, but did not show the prestagnation central absorption maximum. The existence of material between the original cone and the shell is sensitive to gold M-band radiation, which penetrates the shell and ablates gold from the cone. The simulated radiographs using recently measured M-band fractions showed absorption between the cone and shell similar to the experiment. This gold ablation might be a problem in a cryoignition target. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. RP Stephens, RB (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RI Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016; OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 12 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 185001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.185001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800019 PM 14611287 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Hoh, JH Woolf, TB AF Stevens, MJ Hoh, JH Woolf, TB TI Insights into the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion from simulation: Evidence for the association of splayed tails SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LIPID-BILAYERS; ENERGY; MODEL; PROTEIN AB We present coarse-grained simulations of fusion between two liposomes from which a detailed picture of lipid movements emerges. In these simulations the bilayers dilate at the contact edge, and the resulting increase in the area per lipid produces a tilting of the individual molecules as predicted. Fusion is initiated when some of these tilted lipids splay their aliphatic tails, such that the molecules are shared between the opposing leaflets. Multiple splayed lipids subsequently associate with their aliphatic tails in contact, which produces a new hydrophobic core. As the tails extend into a more parallel conformation the two outer leaflets become contiguous to produce a hemifused structure. The results have interesting implications for biological membrane fusion and suggest new possibilities for designing molecules that control fusion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 7 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 18 AR 188102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.188102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 738EY UT WOS:000186274800051 PM 14611319 ER PT J AU Ridgwell, AJ Kennedy, MJ Caldeira, K AF Ridgwell, AJ Kennedy, MJ Caldeira, K TI Carbonate deposition, climate stability, and neoproterozoic ice ages SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SNOWBALL EARTH; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DEGLACIATION; DIOXIDE; CYCLE; PRECIPITATION; ACCUMULATION; EXCURSIONS; HYPOTHESIS; RECORD AB The evolutionary success of planktic calcifiers during the Phanerozoic stabilized the climate system by introducing a new mechanism that acts to buffer ocean carbonate-ion concentration: the saturation-dependent preservation of carbonate in sea-floor sediments. Before this, buffering was primarily accomplished by adjustment of shallow-water carbonate deposition to balance oceanic inputs from weathering on land. Neoproterozoic ice ages of near-global extent and multimillion-year duration and the formation of distinctive sedimentary (cap) carbonates can thus be understood in terms of the greater sensitivity of the Precambrian carbon cycle to the loss of shallow-water environments and CO2-climate feedback on ice-sheet growth. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ridgwell, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 29 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 31 PY 2003 VL 302 IS 5646 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1126/science.1088342 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 737XQ UT WOS:000186258000047 PM 14593177 ER PT J AU Feineman, MD DePaolo, DJ AF Feineman, MD DePaolo, DJ TI Steady-state Ra-226/Th-230 disequilibrium in mantle minerals: Implications for melt transport rates in island arcs SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Th-230/Ra-226; island arcs; diffusion; disequilibrium; phlogopite; amphibole ID TRACE-ELEMENT FRACTIONATIONS; U-235 PA-231 DISEQUILIBRIA; U-SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; EAST PACIFIC RISE; URANIUM SERIES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; HIGH-PRESSURES; COSTA-RICA AB Measurements of the concentrations of the U-238 decay series isotopes (U-234, Th-230, Ra-226) have been used to estimate the rates at which magma is generated and transported in the mantle. The usual assumption is that solid mantle minerals are in radioactive equilibrium prior to melting. However, if one or more of the nuclides in the chain is strongly concentrated by a minor mineral, and if the diffusivity of that nuclide is large enough, steady-state radioactive disequilibrium can result in the solid phase. It can be inferred from available data that radium is strongly concentrated in minor hydroxyl-bearing mantle minerals (phlogopite and amphibole) relative to Th, and Ra diffusion in clinopyroxene is fast relative to the typical grain diameter at ca. 1100degreesC. Consequently, we show with simple analytical models that a steady-state Ra deficiency in clinopyroxene (cpx), accompanied by a complementary steady-state Ra excess in neighboring phlogopite (phlog) or amphibole (amph), is likely to be the normal situation in hydrous mantle peridotite with average clinopyroxene grain radii of ca. 1 mm. The steady state (Ra-226/Th-230) (parentheses indicating activity ratio) in the hydrous mineral is limited roughly by the mass ratio with clinopyroxene (i.e. cpx/phlog or cpx/amph) and could be as high as 10-100. The exceptionally high (Ra-226/Th-230) of some island arc lavas could therefore be a result of preferential contribution of phlogopite or amphibole during partial melting of hydrous mantle. This effect may ease time constraints for source-to-surface melt migration at island arcs. Incipient melting of hydrous minerals from channel walls during melt transport and/or late-stage incorporation of phlogopite or amphibole into arc magmas may also contribute to generating high (Ra-226/Th-230). Steady-state ((226) Ra/Th-230) disequilibrium. due to diffusive loss Of Ra-226 from clinopyroxene is also important for melt/solid and fluid/solid partitioning, and must be incorporated into models relating isotopic disequilibrium to melt and fluid transport rates. Diffusive effects could be important for other-U-series nuclides in some circumstances. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feineman, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 215 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0012-821SX(03)00454-0 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 738YY UT WOS:000186316500002 ER PT J AU Dischino, DD Cianci, CW Civiello, R AF Dischino, DD Cianci, CW Civiello, R TI Development of a photoaffinity label for respiratory syncyetial virus inhibitors SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE photoaffinity label; radioiodination; RSV inhibitor ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; INFECTIONS; INFLUENZA; RISK AB The syntheses of tritiated and radio-iodinated respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor photoaffinity labels are reported. H-3-1-Isopropyl-3-(1-[2-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)-ethyl]- 1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one (1), was prepared in two steps by the initial tritiation of N-isopropenyl-2-benzimidazolone followed by coupling to 2-chloromethyl-1-[2-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzoimidazole. The mono and diiodo-radio-iodinated derivatives of 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(1-[2-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)-ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro- benzoimidazol-2-one (2, 3), were prepared by the radio-iodination of the corresponding phenol with (NaI)-I-125 and iodogen. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Dept Synthet Chem, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Dept Virol, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Dept Chem, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Tritium Labeling Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Struct Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dischino, DD (reprint author), Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Dept Synthet Chem, 5 Res Pkwy, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. EM douglas.dischino@bms.com NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1105 EP 1116 DI 10.1002/jlcr.743 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 745RW UT WOS:000186702700002 ER PT J AU Decker, BK Macdonald, RG AF Decker, BK Macdonald, RG TI Determination of the rate constant for the radical-radical reaction CN(X-2 Sigma(+))+OH(X-2 Pi) at 292 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE; KINETIC DATA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LASER-ABSORPTION; BRANCHING RATIO; ISOCYANIC ACID; DIPOLE-MOMENT; OH RADICALS; CN; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB The rate constant for the reaction of the cyano radical, CN(X(2)Sigma), with the hydroxyl radical, OH(X(2)Pi), has been measured to be (1.4 +/- 0.48) x 10(-10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at a temperature of 292 +/- 2 K. The error estimate includes both systematic and random error at the level of one standard deviation. The measurements were carried out by simultaneously monitoring the temporal dependencies of the CN and OH radical concentrations on the same photolytic laser pulse that created the transient species. The rate constant was determined by two independent methods of data analysis: one based on the simulation of CN and OH concentration profiles using a detailed kinetic mechanism and the other based on a new integrated-profiles analysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macdonald, RG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 43 BP 9137 EP 9146 DI 10.1021/jp030591q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 736DQ UT WOS:000186156000011 ER PT J AU Dunietz, BD Head-Gordon, M AF Dunietz, BD Head-Gordon, M TI Manifestations of symmetry breaking in self-consistent field electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARTREE-FOCK EQUATIONS; VALENCE-BOND METHOD; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; STABILITY CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; DISSOCIATION BEHAVIOR; PERTURBATION-THEORY; 3-ELECTRON BOND AB Studies of symmetry-breaking are reported for self-consistent field wave functions applied to three homonuclear diatomics: F-2(+), O-2(+), and Cr-2. The results complement and extend existing reports on symmetry-breaking in three main ways. Two of these aspects concern manifestations of symmetry-breaking. First, calculations are reported that show energies at long interatomic separations which are lower than the sum of the atomic limits. This artifactual behavior, observed both with Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham density functional theory, appears to be largely associated with insufficiently flexible atomic orbital basis sets. Second, potential curves with spurious maxima and minima are found, associated with changes in spin-coupling. The third and final aspect, concerns the origin of symmetry-breaking. It is argued that the simplest way to understand symmetry breaking is as a consequence of the incorrect asymptotic behavior of limited wave functions at long interatomic distances. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 43 BP 9160 EP 9167 DI 10.1021/jp0224665 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 736DQ UT WOS:000186156000013 ER PT J AU Leng, YS Keffer, DJ Cummings, PT AF Leng, YS Keffer, DJ Cummings, PT TI Structure and dynamics of a benzenedithiol monolayer on a Au(111) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; LATTICE SUMS; SYSTEMS; CONDUCTANCE; ELECTRONICS; ADSORPTION AB We use the universal force field (UFF) developed by Rappe et al. (Rappe, A. K.; Casewit, C. J.; Colwell, K. S.; Goddard, W. A.; Skiff, W. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10024) and the specific classical potentials developed from ab initio calculations for Au-benzenedithiol (BDT) molecule interaction to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a BDT monolayer on an extended Au(111) surface. The simulation system consists of 100 BDT molecules and three rigid An layers in a simulation box that is rhombic in the plane of the ALL surface. A multiple time scale algorithm, the double-reversible reference system propagator algorithm (double RESPA) based on the Nose-Hoover dynamics scheme, and the Ewald summation with a boundary correction term for the treatment of long-range electrostatic interactions in a 2-D slab have been incorporated into the simulation technique. We investigate the local bonding properties of Au-BDT contacts and molecular orientation distributions of BDT molecules. These results show that whereas different basis sets from ab initio calculations may generate different local bonding geometric parameters (the bond length, etc.) the packing structures of BDT molecules maintain approximately the same well-ordered herringbone structure with small peak differences in the probability distributions of global geometric parameters. The methodology developed here opens an avenue for classical simulations of a metal-molecule-metal complex in molecular electronics devices. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Leng, YS (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Keffer, David/C-5133-2014; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Keffer, David/0000-0002-6246-0286; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 43 BP 11940 EP 11950 DI 10.1021/jp034405s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 736DM UT WOS:000186155700017 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MC Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stoesslein, U Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MC Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stoesslein, U Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of deeply virtual Compton scattering at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TRACKING DETECTOR; REAR CALORIMETER; DIPOLE PICTURE; EP COLLISIONS; BFKL POMERON; QCD ANALYSIS; ZEUS; CONSTRUCTION; GENERATOR; DESIGN AB The cross-section for deeply virtual Compton scattering in the reaction ep --> egammap has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using integrated luminosities of 95.0 pb(-1) of e(+) p and 16.7 pb(-1) of e(-) p collisions. Differential cross-sections are presented as a function of the exchanged-photon virtuality, Q(2), and the centre-of-mass energy, W, of the gamma*p system in the region 5 < Q(2) < 100 GeV(2) and 40 < W < 140 GeV. The measured cross-sections rise steeply with increasing W. The measurements are compared to QCD-based calculations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Univ Calabria, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Expt, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015 OI Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070 NR 20 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 573 IS 1-4 BP 46 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.08.048 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 737TL UT WOS:000186247800008 ER PT J AU Bell, NF Rawlinson, AA Sawyer, RF AF Bell, NF Rawlinson, AA Sawyer, RF TI Speed-up through entanglement - many-body effects in neutrino processes SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS AB We study a system containing many particles of identical kinematics with a zero range interaction that scatters one from the other, and with the possible exchange of an attribute. Taking an initial condition in which the attribute is asymmetrically distributed in the regions of momentum space occupied by the particles, we study the rate at which it becomes uniformly distributed, through collisions. We find, in some circumstances, a rate that is much faster than that which would be estimated from cross-sections. This behavior is attributable in some general sense to N-particle entanglement. We suggest applications to neutrino physics, where the attribute is neutrino flavor. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bell, NF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nfb@fnal.gov; a.rawlinson@physics.unimelb.edu.au; sawyer@vulcan.physics.ucsb.edu NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 573 IS 1-4 BP 86 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.08.035 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 737TL UT WOS:000186247800011 ER PT J AU de Gouvea, A Murayama, H AF de Gouvea, A Murayama, H TI Statistical test of anarchy SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB "Anarchy" is the hypothesis that there is no fundamental distinction among the three flavors of neutrinos. It describes the mixing angles as random variables, drawn from well-defined probability distributions dictated by the group Haar measure. We perform a Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistical test to verify whether anarchy is consistent with all neutrino data, including the new result presented by KamLAND. We find a KS probability for Nature's choice of mixing angles equal to 64%, quite consistent with the anarchical hypothesis. In turn, assuming that anarchy is indeed correct, we compute lower bounds on \U-e3\(2), the remaining unknown "angle" of the leptonic mixing matrix. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Gouvea, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM degouvea@fnal.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 15 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 30 PY 2003 VL 573 IS 1-4 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.08.045 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 737TL UT WOS:000186247800012 ER PT J AU Du, X Purtschert, R Bailey, K Lehmann, BE Lorenzo, R Lu, ZT Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Sturchio, NC Young, L AF Du, X Purtschert, R Bailey, K Lehmann, BE Lorenzo, R Lu, ZT Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Sturchio, NC Young, L TI A new method of measuring Kr-81 and Kr-85 abundances in environmental samples SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; KRYPTON AB [1] We demonstrate a new method for determining the Kr-81/Kr ratio in environmental samples based upon two measurements: the Kr-85/Kr-81 ratio measured by Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) and the (85) Kr/Kr ratio measured by Low-Level Counting (LLC). This method can be used to determine the mean residence time of groundwater in the range of 10(5) - 10(6) a. It requires a sample of 100 mul STP of Kr extracted from approximately two tons of water. With modern atmospheric Kr samples, we demonstrate that the ratios measured by ATTA and LLC are directly proportional to each other within the measurement error of +/- 10%; we calibrate the Kr-81/Kr ratio of modern air measured using this method; and we show that the Kr-81/Kr ratios of samples extracted from air before and after the development of the nuclear industry are identical within the measurement error. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Du, X (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Purtschert, Roland/N-7108-2016 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Purtschert, Roland/0000-0002-4734-7664 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 20 AR 2068 DI 10.1029/2003GL018293 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 740GL UT WOS:000186394600005 ER PT J AU Perkins, LW Klasson, KT Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR AF Perkins, LW Klasson, KT Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR TI Development of nitrolysis for excess sludge treatment II: A factorial study for industrial wastes SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OZONE; WATER AB Excess sludge generated in industrial wastewater treatment was converted to soluble organic products and gases in a nitrolysis reaction. The conversion of industrial excess sludge reached 80% by mass (99% conversion after removal inerts from the calculation). The most instrumental operating parameters in increasing this conversion were reaction temperature and acid/sludge ratio in the reactor. The reduction in mass and volume of the excess sludge shows promise in reducing the liability and cost associated with disposal. The production of organic acids (e.g., acetic acid) was also demonstrated, leading to an even more promising treatment alternative for excess sludge. The operating parameters that affect the production of organic acids were also studied. The reaction rate of the process was compared to a previously developed model, showing good agreement. The stoichiometry of the process was investigated, showing more than 90 mg of acetic acid and more than 50 mg of formic acid produced per gram of industrial excess sludge reacted. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Perkins, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 22 BP 5457 EP 5461 DI 10.1021/ie0304311 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 736KB UT WOS:000186169000008 ER PT J AU Waku, T Argyle, MD Bell, AT Iglesia, E AF Waku, T Argyle, MD Bell, AT Iglesia, E TI Effects of O-2 concentration on the rate and selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane catalyzed by vanadium oxide: Implications for O-2 staging and membrane reactors SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOWER ALKANES; PROPANE; TRANSIENT; ETHYLENE; PATHWAYS AB Staged-O-2 introduction and the effects of O-2 concentration on primary and secondary reactions were examined during oxidative dehydrogenation on V2O5/gamma-Al2O3 containing predominately isolated monovanadates. Cofeed and staged-O-2 introduction modes led to similar ethane dehydrogenation and combustion rates, despite significant differences in the average 02 concentrations, as expected from their zero-order O-2 dependences. The rate of ethene conversion to COx, however, was lower when O-2 coreactants were introduced gradually as ethane conversion increased. These effects reflect inhibition of homogeneous ethene combustion pathways, which in contrast with their heterogeneous counterparts show a positive dependence in O-2. Axial O-2 distribution using multiple injectors or membranes will therefore influence alkene yields only by decreasing homogeneous alkene oxidation rates. Homogeneous contributions are much smaller in large reactors, because catalyst-to-volume ratios are greater than those in laboratory reactors. Other oxidation reactions occurring via redox cycles with lattice oxygens as the most abundant intermediates are expected to exhibit a response similar to that f O-2 staging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nippon Oil Corp, Cent Tech Res Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2310815, Japan. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Argyle, Morris/A-8702-2009; Argyle, Morris/D-4952-2013; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Argyle, Morris/0000-0001-9430-9145; Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 22 BP 5462 EP 5466 DI 10.1021/ie0304661 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 736KB UT WOS:000186169000009 ER PT J AU Kang, QJ Zhang, DX Chen, SY AF Kang, QJ Zhang, DX Chen, SY TI Simulation of dissolution and precipitation in porous media SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE dissolution/precipitation; Peclet number; Damkohler number; porous media; lattice-Boltzmann method ID BOLTZMANN METHOD; FLUID-FLOWS; TRANSPORT; MANTLE; MODEL; INSTABILITY; DEPOSITION; FRACTURES; EQUATIONS; EVOLUTION AB [1] We apply the lattice-Boltzmann method to simulate fluid flow and dissolution and precipitation in the reactive solid phase in a porous medium. Both convection and diffusion as well as temporal geometrical changes in the pore space are taken into account. The numerical results show that at high Peclet and Peclet-Damkohler numbers, a wormhole is formed and permeability increases greatly because of the dissolution process. At low Peclet and high Peclet-Damkohler numbers, reactions mainly occur at the inlet boundary, resulting in the face dissolution and the slowest increase of the permeability in the dissolution process. At moderate Peclet and Peclet-Damkohler numbers, reactions are generally nonuniform, with more in the upstream and less in the downstream. At very small Peclet-Damkohler number, dissolution or precipitation is highly uniform, and these two processes can be approximately reversed by each other. These numerical examples have not been yet confirmed by physical experimentation. Nevertheless, we believe that these simulation results can serve to estimate the effects of dissolution and precipitation during reactive fluid flow. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Peking Univ, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Lab Turbulence & Complex Syst, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Kang, QJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qkang@lanl.gov; syc@pegasus.me.jhu.edu RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; NR 27 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS B10 AR 2505 DI 10.1029/2003JB002504 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 740HU UT WOS:000186397600004 ER PT J AU Furuta, P Brooks, J Thompson, ME Frechet, JMJ AF Furuta, P Brooks, J Thompson, ME Frechet, JMJ TI Simultaneous light emission from a mixture of dendrimer encapsulated chromophores: A model for single-layer multichromophoric organic light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-TRANSFER; POLYPHENYLENE DENDRIMERS; CONJUGATED DENDRIMERS; TRANSPORT MATERIALS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METAL-COMPLEXES; SITE-ISOLATION; DEVICES; EFFICIENCY; ANTENNA AB The site isolation of two dyes capable of electronic interaction via Forster energy transfer has been studied with the two dyes coumarin 343 and pentathiophene encapsulated by dendrons containing both solubilizing and electroactive moieties. Photoluminescence studies of mixtures of the dendritic dyes show that at high dendron generation, significant site isolation is achieved with relative emission characteristics influenced by both the degree of site isolation and the emission quantum yield of the dyes. Electroluminescence studies carried out in organic light emitting diode devices confirm that color tuning may be achieved by mixing the two encapsulated dyes in a single layer. However, selective carrier trapping by one of the core component dyes can dramatically influence the effectiveness of other components in the device. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thompson, ME (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. OI Thompson, Mark/0000-0002-7764-4096; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 47 TC 183 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 43 BP 13165 EP 13172 DI 10.1021/ja0371348 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 735PN UT WOS:000186123900045 PM 14570491 ER PT J AU Tanner, PA Mak, CSK Edelstein, NM Murdoch, KM Liu, GK Huang, J Seijo, L Barandiaran, Z AF Tanner, PA Mak, CSK Edelstein, NM Murdoch, KM Liu, GK Huang, J Seijo, L Barandiaran, Z TI Absorption and emission spectra of Ce3+ in elpasolite lattices SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL POTENTIAL CALCULATIONS; CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES; CORE POTENTIALS; SPIN-ORBIT; LANTHANIDE; COMPLEX; SPECTROSCOPY; CS2NAYCL6; CHLORIDE AB The experimental determination of the electronic energy levels for Ce3+ in some chloroelpasolite hosts for both the ground 4f(1) and the excited 5d(1) configurations is described. High-resolution f-f absorption and f-T-2(2g) d absorption and emission spectra have been recorded at low temperatures for Ce3+ diluted into various hexachloroelpasolite lattices. A fluorescence spectrum at similar to50 000 cm(-1) is tentatively assigned to the emission from the highest 5d crystal field level, E-2(g), of a Ce3+ impurity in Cs2NaErCl6, enabling the values of all the energy levels of both the 4f(1) and 5d(1) configurations to be given for Ce3+ in elpasolite hosts. Vibronic structure superimposed on the electronic transitions is analyzed in terms of a simple configurational coordinate model involving the ground and excited configurations. It is found that the difference in the Ce-Cl bond length between the 4f(1) and 5d(1) configurations is similar to0.04 Angstrom. Ab initio model potential calculations on the (CeCl6)(3-) cluster embedded in a reliable representation of the Cs2NaYCl6 host support these conclusions. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, C XIV, Dept Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Univ Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Tanner, PA (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Biol & Chem, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Mak, Shuk Kwan/D-3111-2009; Seijo, Luis/G-3872-2011; Barandiaran, Zoila/K-5218-2014 OI Seijo, Luis/0000-0002-0621-3694; Barandiaran, Zoila/0000-0001-7166-6844 NR 54 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 43 BP 13225 EP 13233 DI 10.1021/ja036659x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 735PN UT WOS:000186123900052 PM 14570498 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Georgakilas, AG Bennett, PV Laval, J Sutherland, JC AF Sutherland, BM Georgakilas, AG Bennett, PV Laval, J Sutherland, JC TI Quantifying clustered DNA damage induction and repair by gel electrophoresis, electronic imaging and number average length analysis SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the European-Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 03-07, 2002 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Enviro Mutagen Soc ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; BROMIDE-STAINED DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS; MOLECULAR LENGTH; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; HUMAN-LEUKOCYTES; IRRADIATED DNA; HUMAN-CELLS AB Assessing DNA damage induction, repair and consequences of such damages requires measurement of specific DNA lesions by methods that are independent of biological responses to such lesions. Lesions affecting one DNA strand (altered bases, abasic sites, single strand breaks (SSB)) as well as damages affecting both strands (clustered damages, double strand breaks) can be quantified by direct measurement of DNA using gel electrophoresis, gel imaging and number average length analysis. Damage frequencies as low as a few sites per gigabase pair (10(9) bp) can be quantified by this approach in about 50 ng of non-radioactive DNA, and single molecule methods may allow such measurements in DNA from single cells. This review presents the theoretical basis, biochemical requirements and practical aspects of this approach, and shows examples of their applications in identification and quantitation of complex clustered damages. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Gustave Roussy, LBPA ENS Cachan, CNRS, UMR 8113, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Laval, J (reprint author), Inst Gustave Roussy, LBPA ENS Cachan, CNRS, UMR 8113, Rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France. EM jlaval@igr.fr FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 88335, R01 CA 86897] NR 53 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 531 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.08.005 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 754NJ UT WOS:000187323000006 PM 14637248 ER PT J AU Hang, B Chenna, A Guliaev, AB Singer, B AF Hang, B Chenna, A Guliaev, AB Singer, B TI Miscoding properties of 1,N-6-ethanoadenine, a DNA adduct derived from reaction with the antitumor agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the European-Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 03-07, 2002 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP European Enviro Mutagen Soc DE BCNU; ethano adduct; etheno adduct; polymerase; translesion DNA synthesis ID OVARY CELL-LINE; POLYMERASE-ETA; TRANSLESION SYNTHESIS; OLIGOMERIC DNA; LESION-BYPASS; ERROR-PRONE; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; Y-FAMILY AB 1,N-6-Ethanoadenine (EA) is an exocyclic adduct formed from DNA reaction with the antitumor agent, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl) -1-nitrosourea (BCNU). To understand the role of this adduct in the mechanism of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity by BCNU, an oligonucleotide with a site-specific EA was synthesized using phosphoramidite chemistry. We now report the in vitro miscoding properties of EA in translesion DNA synthesis catalyzed by mammalian DNA polymerases (pols) alpha, beta, eta and iota. These data were also compared with those obtained for the structurally related exocyclic adduct, 1,N-6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA). Using a primer extension assay, both pols alpha and beta were primarily blocked by EA or epsilonA with very minor extension. Pol eta, a member of the Y family of polymerases, was capable of catalyzing a significant amount of bypass across both adducts. Pol eta incorporated all four nucleotides opposite EA and epsilonA, but with differential preferences and mainly in an error-prone manner. Human pol iota, a paralog of human pol eta, was blocked by both adducts with a very small amount of synthesis past epsilonA. It incorporated C and, to a much lesser extent, T, opposite either adduct. In addition, the presence of an A adduct, e.g. epsilonA, could affect the specificity of pol iota toward the template T immediately 3' to the adduct. In conclusion, the four polymerases assayed on templates containing an EA or epsilonA showed differential bypass capacity and nucleotide incorporation specificity, with the two adducts not completely identical in influencing these properties. Although there was a measurable extent of error-free nucleotide incorporation, all these polymerases primarily misincorporated opposite EA, indicating that the adduct, similar to epsilonA, is a miscoding lesion. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 47723, CA 72079] NR 58 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD OCT 29 PY 2003 VL 531 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.07.006 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 754NJ UT WOS:000187323000013 PM 14637255 ER PT J AU Asthagiri, D Pratt, LR Kress, JD Gomez, MA AF Asthagiri, D Pratt, LR Kress, JD Gomez, MA TI The hydration state of HO-(aq) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CHEMICAL THEORY; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ION-WATER CLUSTERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FREE-ENERGIES; SOLVATION; OH; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISM AB The HO-(aq) ion participates in myriad aqueous phase chemical processes of biological and chemical interest. A molecularly valid description of its hydration state, currently poorly understood, is a natural prerequisite to modeling chemical transformations involving HO-(aq). Here it is shown that the statistical mechanical quasi-chemical theory of solutions predicts that HO . [H2O](3)(-) is the dominant inner shell coordination structure for HO-(aq) under standard conditions. Experimental observations and other theoretical calculations are adduced to support this conclusion. Hydration free energies of neutral combinations of simple cations with HO-(aq) are evaluated and agree well with experimental values. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Chem, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. RP Pratt, LR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/A-3383-2010; Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/P-9450-2016 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451; Asthagiri, Dilipkumar/0000-0001-5869-0807 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 380 IS 5-6 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738AX UT WOS:000186265500008 ER PT J AU Miyake, T Saito, S AF Miyake, T Saito, S TI Geometry and electronic structure of rhombohedral C-60 polymer SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID C-60; GAS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CARBON; PHASE; FORM; C60 AB Geometry and electronic structure of the rhombohedral C, polymer are studied by means of density-functional theory (DFT) within the local-density-approximation (LDA). It is found that stacking sequence proposed by Chen et al. is more stable than the original model by Nunez-Regueiro et al., although the energy difference between the two is very small. The material is a semiconductor with the LDA gap of 0.68 eV. Conduction bands show dependence on the way of stacking, and density of states has a sharp peak at the conduction bottom. Bond lengths are also calculated and found to be in good agreement with the results of the X-ray structure analysis. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miyake, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1 Oh Okayama, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. EM miyake@stat.phys.titech.ac.jp NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 380 IS 5-6 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.067 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 738AX UT WOS:000186265500017 ER PT J AU Izu, LT Chen-Izu, Y Means, SA Shadid, J McCulle, SL Allen, BM Ward, C Balke, CW AF Izu, LT Chen-Izu, Y Means, SA Shadid, J McCulle, SL Allen, BM Ward, C Balke, CW TI The interplay of Ca2+dynamics and ryanodine receptor distribution influences Ca2+wave propagation in atrial myocytes SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 245 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360600306 ER PT J AU Brown, KK Winegar, DA Franklin, MC Michaud, EJ Knapp, FF AF Brown, KK Winegar, DA Franklin, MC Michaud, EJ Knapp, FF TI PPAR gamma activation restores insulin sensitivity, reduces triacylglycerol accumulation and improves glucose uptake in the diabetic mouse heart in vivo SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 280 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360600341 ER PT J AU Urbich, C Heeschen, C Aicher, A Hofmann, WK Peters, C Reinheckel, T Pennacchio, LA Zeiher, AM Dimmeler, S AF Urbich, C Heeschen, C Aicher, A Hofmann, WK Peters, C Reinheckel, T Pennacchio, LA Zeiher, AM Dimmeler, S TI The lysosomal peptidase cathepsin L is required for endothelial progenitor cell-induced neovascularization SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Frankfurt, Dept Hematol & Oncol, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Mol Med & Zelforschung, Freiburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 1050 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360601110 ER PT J AU Grosskopf, I Baroukh, N Lee, SJ Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA Berkeley, L Cooper, AD AF Grosskopf, I Baroukh, N Lee, SJ Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA Berkeley, L Cooper, AD TI Apolipoprotein AV determines plasma triglyceride levels by enhancing lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and removal of their remnants SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Palo Alto Med Fdn, Rsch Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 1217 BP 258 EP 258 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360601276 ER PT J AU Vanden Hoek, TL Alvarado, JP Anderson, T Zhao, DH Abella, BS Oras, J Franklin, JE Wardrip, C Kasza, KE Becker, LB AF Vanden Hoek, TL Alvarado, JP Anderson, T Zhao, DH Abella, BS Oras, J Franklin, JE Wardrip, C Kasza, KE Becker, LB TI Hypothermia induction via NG tube using single bolus cold saline versus saline slurry SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 76th Annual Scientific Session of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-12, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 108 IS 17 SU S MA 1937 BP 420 EP 420 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 739RQ UT WOS:000186360601994 ER PT J AU Park, B Chandross, M Stevens, MJ Grest, GS AF Park, B Chandross, M Stevens, MJ Grest, GS TI Chemical effects on the adhesion and friction between alkanethiol monolayers: Molecular dynamics simulations SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH; SURFACE; AU(111); COMPRESSION; GOLD AB The chemical effects on the adhesion and friction between alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. Alkanethiol SAMs (S(CH2)(n)X) are investigated as a function of the terminal group (X = CH3, OH, COOH) and chain length n. The adhesive force is calculated as a function of the separation between two SAMs with the same terminal group. The maximum attraction for methyl-terminated SAMs is much weaker than for the OH- and COOH-terminated SAMs which form interlayer hydrogen bonds. The COOH-terminated SAMs have the strongest attraction. For the COOH- and OH-terminated SAMs, the adhesion-separation curves depend strongly on n. In both cases the change in the position of the attractive minimum is large as a function of n. The magnitude of the attractive minimum varies little for OH-terminated SAMs, and the variation is also small for COOH-terminated SAMs once the odd:even effect is considered. The source of the n dependence is structural changes within the SAMs. For separations within the attractive region of the adhesion curve, the interlayer hydrogen bond interactions pull the chains to a more upright tilt angle than the equilibrium, single-monolayer tilt angle. Longer chains have more upright tilt angles for separations in the attractive region. For COOH SAMs with n less than or equal to 13 the maximum adhesion is significantly larger for odd n in comparison to even n - 1. The difference between even and odd cases decreases with n, and for n > 13 the difference is smaller than our uncertainty. Friction simulations between two SAMs with the same n show that the shear stress is significantly larger for X = COOH than for CH3. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 22 BP 9239 EP 9245 DI 10.1021/la0341106 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 736NQ UT WOS:000186177200023 ER PT J AU Kim, HI Kushmerick, JG Houston, JE Bunker, BC AF Kim, HI Kushmerick, JG Houston, JE Bunker, BC TI Viscous "interphase" water adjacent to oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated monolayers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PROTEIN SURFACE INTERACTIONS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; MOLECULAR-CONFORMATION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; ADSORPTION; RESISTANCE; FILMS; GOLD; VISCOSITY AB We report measurements of the interaction force between functionalized probe tips and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-terminated monolayers. Force profiles obtained with the interfacial force microscope indicate the presence of an interphase water layer adjacent to the OEG-terminated monolayer that generates a repulsive hydration force. This interphase layer extends up to 5 nm from the surface and has a viscosity that is 6 orders of magnitude greater than that of bulk water. The possible role this interphase layer plays in the exceptional protein resistance of such systems is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 22 BP 9271 EP 9275 DI 10.1021/la034585x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 736NQ UT WOS:000186177200028 ER PT J AU Smalley, JF AF Smalley, JF TI Indirect laser-induced temperature jump study of the chain-length dependence of the pK(a)'s of omega-mercaptoalkanoic acid monolayers self-assembled on gold SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TERMINATED ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CYTOCHROME-C; THIOL MONOLAYERS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SURFACE-CHARGE; CONTACT-ANGLE; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; FILMS AB The indirect laser-induced temperature-jump (ILIT) technique is used to measure the pK(a)'s of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs on gold electrodes) composed of dibutanoic acid disulfide (DBAD) and 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA) in contact with 1.00 M ionic strength NaClO4 electrolyte solutions. The ILIT technique may be used to determine the pK(a) of a surface-attached acid because the size of the ILIT response is related to the potential drop across the electrode/electrolyte interface that is, in turn, related to the extent of ionization of the acid. The pertinent data are the potentials of zero ILIT response (E-pzr) versus pH. It is found that the measured E-pzr versus pH data set for the DBAD monolayers is (within experimental error) the same as that measured for the MHA monolayers. Additionally, an analysis of the combined DBAD/MHA data set gives a pK(a) (4.5 +/- 0.2) and a total concentration (Gamma(T)) of either DBAD or MHA comprising the SAM (Gamma(T) = (5.4 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) mol/cm(2)) that (again within experimental error) are the same as those previously determined for SAMs composed of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) in contact with 1.00 M ionic strength electrolyte solutions. This result implies that, at least in the range of thickness defined by monolayers made from DBAD and MUA, the properties of the microenvironment of the SAM/electrolyte interface are independent of monolayer thickness. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Smalley, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 22 BP 9284 EP 9289 DI 10.1021/la0348968 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 736NQ UT WOS:000186177200030 ER PT J AU Kosuri, MR Gerung, H Li, QM Han, SM Bunker, BC Mayer, TM AF Kosuri, MR Gerung, H Li, QM Han, SM Bunker, BC Mayer, TM TI Vapor-phase adsorption kinetics of 1-decene on H-terminated Si(100) SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SI(111) SURFACE; SILICON SURFACES; HYDROGEN; DESORPTION; FILMS; LITHOGRAPHY AB We have investigated in situ and in real time vapor-phase self-assembly of 1-decene on Si, using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIRS). The adsorption of 1-decene on hydrogenated Si(100) results in a decane-terminated hydrophobic surface, indicated by the sessile-drop water contact angle at 107 +/- 2degrees. This maximum contact angle is achieved at 160 degreesC under 30 mTorr of vapor-phase 1-decene. The fractional surface coverage of decane, calculated from the IR absorbance of C-H stretching vibrational modes near 2900 cm(-1), follows a Langmuir isotherm. The absolute surface coverage calculated from the IR absorbance saturates at 3.2 x 10(14) cm(-2). On the basis of this isotherm, the empirical rate constant (k'(2)) that governs the rate-limiting step in 1-decene adsorption on HF-treated Si(100) is (3.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-2) min(-1). The thickness and cant angle of the decane monolayer at the saturation coverage are calculated from angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS). The calculated thickness ranges from 8.4 to 18 Angstrom due to the uncertainty in the attenuation lengths of C(1s) and Si(2p) photoelectrons through the decane layer. For the same uncertainty, the calculated cant angle ranges from 0 to 55degrees. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is independently used to approximate the film thickness at 16 Angstrom. Monitoring the decane monolayer over a period of 50 days using AR-XPS indicates that the Si surface underneath the decane monolayer gets oxidized with time, leading to the degradation of the decane layer. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Han, SM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 44 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 22 BP 9315 EP 9320 DI 10.1021/la035153p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 736NQ UT WOS:000186177200035 ER PT J AU Yee, CK Ulman, A Ruiz, JD Parikh, A White, H Rafailovich, M AF Yee, CK Ulman, A Ruiz, JD Parikh, A White, H Rafailovich, M TI Alkyl selenide- and alkyl thiolate-functionalized gold nanoparticles: Chain packing and bond nature SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; N-ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; H STRETCHING MODES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYCRYSTALLINE GOLD; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BIOSENSOR; LONG; SIZE AB We have studied the effects of relative mole ratios of the reactant precursors in the one-phase synthesis of alkaneselenoate- and alkanethiolate-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Specifically, we prepared a series of dodecaneselenoate (DDSe)- and dodecanethiolate (DDT)-functionalized gold nanoparticles using four different Se/Au and S/Au mole ratios in reactant mixtures at two different reaction temperatures employing three different solvents. In all cases, the synthesis relied on the reduction of H[AuCl4], in the presence of dodecanethiol (DDT) and didodecyl diselenide (DD2Se2) using lithium triethylborohydride (superhydride) as the reducing agent. Nanoparticle formation, structure, and bonding characteristics were investigated using a combination of transmission electron microscopy UV absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Passivation by alkyl selenide was more efficient and was characterized by greater chain density and stronger Au-Se bond strength when high ligand/substrate ratios were employed. Particle size was surprisingly uniform in all cases, independent of mole ratio. By contrast, particle size (2-5 nm) was found to increase with increasing mole ratios when the passivating ligand was alkanethiolate, whose chain grafting density increased with increasing mole ratio, fully coincided with the literature. These results can be reconciled in terms of a simple mechanistic scenario wherein the nanoparticle formation using alkanethiolate ligands proceeds via the formation of a "polymer-like" intermediate between the Au ions and the alkanethiolate ligands prior to reduction whereas such an intermediate is not formed when selenoate is used as the binding ligand. C1 Polytech Univ, Six Metrotech Ctr, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, JDR & ANP, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Ulman, A (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Six Metrotech Ctr, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RI PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 NR 41 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 22 BP 9450 EP 9458 DI 10.1021/la020628i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 736NQ UT WOS:000186177200053 ER PT J AU Wemmer, DE AF Wemmer, DE TI The energetics of structural change in maltose-binding protein SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 22 BP 12529 EP 12530 DI 10.1073/pnas.2335923100 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 738RF UT WOS:000186301100001 PM 14569013 ER PT J AU Kenig, F Simons, DJH Crich, D Cowen, JP Ventura, GT Rehbein-Khalily, T Brown, TC Anderson, KB AF Kenig, F Simons, DJH Crich, D Cowen, JP Ventura, GT Rehbein-Khalily, T Brown, TC Anderson, KB TI Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WESTERN INTERIOR SEAWAY; CYANOBACTERIUM LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; MOLECULAR INDICATORS; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; MICROBIAL MATS; HYDROCARBONS; BIOMARKERS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; SPECTROMETRY; CONSTRAINTS AB A pseudohomologous series of branched aliphatic alkanes with a quaternary substituted carbon atom (BAQCs, specifically 2,2-di-methylalkanes and 3,3- and 5,5-diethylalkanes) were identified in warm (65degreesC) deep-sea hydrothermal waters and Late Cretaceous black shales. 5,5-Diethylalkanes were also observed in modern and Holocene marine shelf sediments and in shales spanning the last 800 million years of the geological record. The carbon number distribution of BAQCs indicates a biological origin. These compounds were observed but not identified in previous studies of 2.0 billion- to 2.2 bill ion-year-old metasediments and were commonly misidentified in other sediment samples, indicating that BAQCs are widespread in the geological record. The source organisms of BAQCs are unknown, but their paleobiogeographic distribution suggests that they have an affinity for sulfides and might be nonphotosynthetic sulfide oxidizers. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Envirom Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kenig, F (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Envirom Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Kenig, Fabien/A-4961-2008; OI Kenig, Fabien/0000-0003-4868-5232 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 22 BP 12554 EP 12558 DI 10.1073/pnas.1735581100 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 738RF UT WOS:000186301100009 PM 14551322 ER PT J AU Gore, J Ritort, F Bustamante, C AF Gore, J Ritort, F Bustamante, C TI Bias and error in estimates of equilibrium free-energy differences from nonequilibrium measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HYSTERESIS; EQUALITY; SYSTEMS AB In 1997, Jarzynski proved a remarkable equality that allows one to compute the equilibrium free-energy difference DeltaF between two states from the probability distribution of the nonequilibrium work W done on the system to switch between the states, e(-DeltaF/kT) = , [Jarzynski, C. (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 2690-2693]. The Jarzynski equality provides a powerful free-energy difference estimator from a set of N irreversible experiments and is closely related to free-energy perturbation, a common computational technique for estimating free-energy differences. Despite the many applications of the Jarzynski estimator, its behavior is only poorly understood. In this article we derive the large N limit for the Jarzynski estimator bias, variance, and mean square error that is correct for arbitrary perturbations. We then analyze the properties of the Jarzynski estimator for all N when the probability distribution of work values is Gaussian, as occurs, for example, in the near-equilibrium regime. This allows us to quantitatively compare it to two other free-energy difference estimators: the mean work estimator and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem estimator. We show that, for near-equilibrium switching, the Jarzynski estimator is always superior to the mean work estimator and is even superior to the fluctuation-dissipation estimator for small N. The Jarzynski-estimator bias is shown to be the dominant source of error in many cases. Our expression for the bias is used to develop a bias-corrected Jarzynski free-energy difference estimator in the near-equilibrium regime. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Phys, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 32543, R01 GM032543, R37 GM032543] NR 23 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 22 BP 12564 EP 12569 DI 10.1073/pnas.1635159100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 738RF UT WOS:000186301100012 PM 14528008 ER PT J AU Kemal, KS Foley, B Burger, H Anastos, K Minkoff, H Kitchen, C Philpott, SM Gao, W Robison, E Holman, S Dehner, C Beck, S Meyer, WA Landay, A Kovacs, A Bremer, J Weiser, B AF Kemal, KS Foley, B Burger, H Anastos, K Minkoff, H Kitchen, C Philpott, SM Gao, W Robison, E Holman, S Dehner, C Beck, S Meyer, WA Landay, A Kovacs, A Bremer, J Weiser, B TI HIV-1 in genital tract and plasma of women: Compartmentalization of viral sequences, coreceptor usage, and glycosylation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; IN-VIVO; BLOOD; NEUTRALIZATION; RECOMBINATION; POPULATIONS; CELLS; TRANSMISSION; SECRETIONS AB Worldwide, 90% of HIV-1 infections are transmitted heterosexually. Because the genital mucosa are the sites of initial contact with HIV-1 for most exposed individuals, study of the virus from the genital tract is critical for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various tissues have documented compartmentalization of viral genomes. Whether compartmentalization was associated with viral phenotypic differences or immune status, however, was not well understood. We compared HIV-1 gp120 env sequences from the genital tract and plasma of 12 women. Eight women displayed compartmentalized HIV-1 RNA genomes, with viral sequences from each site that were clearly discrete, yet phylogenetically related. The remaining four exhibited env sequences that were intermingled between the two sites. Women with compartmentalized HIV-1 genomes had higher CD4(+) cell counts than those displaying intermingled strains (P = 0.02). Intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants comprising sequences that were characteristic of both sites were identified. We next compared viral phenotypes in each compartment. HIV-1 coreceptor usage was often compartmentalized (P less than or equal to 0.01). The number of Winked glycosylation sites, associated with neutralization resistance, also differed between compartments (P < 0.01). Furthermore, disparities between the density of gp120 glycosylations in each compartment correlated with higher CD4(+) counts (P = 0.03). These data demonstrate that the genital tract and plasma can harbor populations of replicating HIV-1 with different phenotypes. The association of higher CD4(+) cell counts with compartmentalization of viral genomes and density of gp120 glycosylations suggests that the immune response influences the development of viral genotypes in each compartment. These findings are relevant to the prevention and control of HIV-1 infection. C1 Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Albany Med Coll, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. SUNY Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. RP Weiser, B (reprint author), Wadsworth Ctr, New York State Dept Hlth, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI035004, R01 AI052015, U01 AI 35004, U01 AI031834, U01 AI034993, U01 AI 34993, R01 AI052065-01, R01 AI052065, R01 AI 52015, U01 AI 31834]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01 HD 032632, U01 HD032632] NR 34 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 28 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 22 BP 12972 EP 12977 DI 10.1073/pnas.2134064100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 738RF UT WOS:000186301100084 PM 14557540 ER PT J AU Pogorelsky, IV Pavlishin, IV Ben-Zvi, I Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Hirose, T Greenberg, B Kaganovich, D Zigler, A Andreev, N Bobrova, N Sasorov, P AF Pogorelsky, IV Pavlishin, IV Ben-Zvi, I Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Hirose, T Greenberg, B Kaganovich, D Zigler, A Andreev, N Bobrova, N Sasorov, P TI Transmission of high-power CO2 laser pulses through a plasma channel SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY DISCHARGE AB A 5 J, 180 ps CO2 laser pulse is channeled by a 17 mm long capillary discharge. Plasma dynamic simulations confirm occurrence of optical guiding conditions along a plasma column of a quasiparabolic radial profile with the minimum axial free-electron density similar to10(17) cm(-3). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Inst High Dens Energy, Moscow, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; Kamiya, Yoshio/L-4394-2014 OI Kamiya, Yoshio/0000-0001-8716-2536 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3459 EP 3461 DI 10.1063/1.1622983 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 734QQ UT WOS:000186068400005 ER PT J AU Pan, W Lai, K Bayrakci, SP Ong, NP Tsui, DC Pfeiffer, LN West, KW AF Pan, W Lai, K Bayrakci, SP Ong, NP Tsui, DC Pfeiffer, LN West, KW TI Cyclotron resonance at microwave frequencies in two-dimensional hole system in AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE MASSES; LANDAU-LEVELS; GAS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GAAS; INTERFACE; SUBBANDS AB Cyclotron resonance at the microwave frequency is used to measure the band edge mass (m(b)) in the two-dimensional hole (2DH) system, confined in 30 nm quantum wells in the Al0.1Ga0.9As/GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As heterostructures. We find that for 2DH density pless than or equal to1.0x10(10) cm(-2), m(b) is nearly constant, similar to0.35m(e). It increases with increasing density, to similar to0.5m(e) at p=7.4x10(10) cm(-2). (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Pan, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3519 EP 3521 DI 10.1063/1.1623008 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 734QQ UT WOS:000186068400025 ER PT J AU Janotti, A Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Janotti, A Wei, SH Zhang, SB TI Donor-donor binding in semiconductors: Engineering shallow donor levels for ZnTe SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; N-TYPE ZNTE; ELECTRON-GAS; ZNSE; GROWTH AB In the past, codoping by mixing donors with acceptors has been proposed to lower the dopant ionization energy. However, the level repulsion between donor and acceptor states is weak due to symmetry considerations. Here, we propose an innovative approach to lower the donor ionization energy by combining donor with donor. Using first-principles band structure method, we demonstrated this concept with n-type doping in ZnTe. For example, we find that the Br-Te-Sn-Zn pair has a binding energy of 0.9 eV and a shallow epsilon(+/0) donor level at 70 meV below the conduction-band minimum, compared to 240 meV for the isolated Br-Te impurity. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008-6114, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM janottia@ornl.gov RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3522 EP 3524 DI 10.1063/1.1622791 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 734QQ UT WOS:000186068400026 ER PT J AU Mandal, P AF Mandal, P TI Structural disorder in Ti-Fe-Si icosahedral quasicrystal SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Ti-Fe-Si quasicrystal; icosahedral phase; chemical inhomogeneity; diffuse scattering; phason strain ID AL-CU-CO; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; PHASES; MN; DIFFRACTION; ALLOYS; SYMMETRY; ARCS AB A systematic structural investigation on rapidly solidified Ti-Fe-Si alloy system with various compositions and processing conditions has been carried out. Transmission electron microscopic studies on as-quenched alloys reveal the presence of various kinds of structural disorder. Different kinds of disorder and the resulting deviation from the icosahedral symmetry have been reported. This appears to be the first report of these results on a Ti-Fe-Si system. Anisotropy in the shape of diffraction spots, strong arcs of diffuse scattering of icosahedral phase in melt-quenched alloys have been observed. The microstructure of the icosahedral Ti-Fe-Si alloys has been characterized. Results have been compared with other known Ti based quasicrystalline alloys and analyzed on the basis of current understanding. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mandal, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 322 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(03)00433-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 735QJ UT WOS:000186125800019 ER PT J AU Plotkin, S AF Plotkin, S TI NSR reform SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Plotkin, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 41 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 738LP UT WOS:000186289400001 ER PT J AU Abarzhi, SI Nishihara, K Glimm, J AF Abarzhi, SI Nishihara, K Glimm, J TI Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities for fluids with a finite density ratio SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Rayleigh-Taylor; Richtmyer-Meshkov; non-linear dynamics; coherent structures; non-local; singularities ID INTERFACE TRACKING; VORTEX SHEETS; BUBBLES; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; SINGULARITIES; SIMILARITY; SIMULATION; MOTION; MODEL AB We report non-linear solutions describing the large-scale coherent motion of bubbles and spikes in the Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities for fluids with a finite density ratio in general three-dimensional case. The non-local character of the interface dynamics is taken into account with a multiple harmonic analysis. The theory yields a non-trivial dependence of the bubble velocity and curvature on the density ratio and reveals an important qualitative distinction between the dynamics of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov bubbles. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Abarzhi, SI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Turbulence Res, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Nishihara, Katsunobu/J-8172-2016 OI Nishihara, Katsunobu/0000-0002-5572-1169 NR 51 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 27 PY 2003 VL 317 IS 5-6 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.09.013 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 737TP UT WOS:000186248100018 ER PT J AU Stollberg, DW Hampikian, JM Riester, L Carter, WB AF Stollberg, DW Hampikian, JM Riester, L Carter, WB TI Nanoindentation measurements of combustion CVD Al2O3 and YSZ films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nanoindentation; combustion CVD; combustion chemical vapor deposition; alumina; Al2O3; yttria stabilized zirconia; YSZ; modulus; hardness; fracture toughness ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INDENTATION; CERAMICS; HARDNESS; LOAD; ALUMINA; MGO AB Combustion chemical vapor deposition (combustion CVD) was used to deposit thin films of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and alumina (Al2O3). Nanoindentation analysis for hardness, modulus and fracture toughness of the films as well as several bulk materials, including single crystal Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, YSZ and polycrystalline Al2O3 was conducted. YSZ films that were produced with a total cation molarity of 0.005 M possessed significant surface roughness that was not conducive to nanoindentation measurements. The lower concentration investigated, 0.002 M provided a repeatable deposition condition that produced thin films with consistent hardness and modulus values. Load-displacement measurements at very low loads (up to total displacements of 200 nm) showed that the Al2O3 films tended to plastically deform, whereas the YSZ films showed less of a tendency to do so. For Al2O3 films that were 0.38+/-0.09 mum thick, the modulus, hardness and fracture toughness values were 28.6+/-1.6 GPa, 479+/-15 GPa and 2.22+/-0.31 MPa m(0.5), respectively; for YSZ films that were 0.65+/-0.05 mum thick, the values were 16.1+/-4.6 GPa, 388+/-89 GPa and 1.67+/-0.46 MPa m(0.5), respectively. These values were found to be consistent with the values measured via nanoindentation in this work for bulk samples of Al2O3 and YSZ, as well as to those reported in the literature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hampikian, JM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. OI Callahan, Janet /0000-0001-6665-1584 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 359 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00339-3 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 726RU UT WOS:000185613700014 ER PT J AU Phung, X Groza, J Stach, EA Williams, LN Ritchey, SB AF Phung, X Groza, J Stach, EA Williams, LN Ritchey, SB TI Surface characterization of metal nanoparticles SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; surface layers; oxidation ID PARTICLES; OXIDATION AB Air exposed aluminum and nickel nanoparticles were investigated using high-resolution and analytical transmission electron microscopy (HREM/AEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The diameter of the Al particles ranged from 20 to 260 nm with an average size of 100 +/- 50 nm. Individual Ni particles were spherical, ranging from 7 to 230 nm in size with an average size of 70 +/- 45 nm. The Al nanoparticles were covered by a 3 nin thick amorphous and compact surface oxide layer. Ni nanoparticles were surrounded by a non-uniform, crystalline surface oxide layer. Elemental analysis indicated that the Al nanoparticles contained O and Si and that the oxygen is associated with the particle surface layer, while no oxygen confinement in the surface layer was found in Ni nanoparticles. XPS confirmed the NiO presence in the surface layer of Ni particles. These results suggest that the sintering behavior of these metal nanoparticles may be inhibited, though to a different degree, due to the surface oxides. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groza, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mat Sci & Chem Engn, 1 Shield Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 20 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 359 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00348-4 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 726RU UT WOS:000185613700030 ER PT J AU Garrell, MG Ma, BM Shih, AJ Lara-Curzio, E Scattergood, RO AF Garrell, MG Ma, BM Shih, AJ Lara-Curzio, E Scattergood, RO TI Mechanical properties of polyphenylene-sulfide (PPS) bonded NdFe-B permanent magnets SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE polyphenylene-sulfide bonded magnets; tensile strength; flexural strength; elastic modulus ID FE AB Mechanical properties, namely tensile and flexural strengths and elastic modulus, of polyphenylene-sulfide (PPS) bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets have been studied from -40 to 180 degreesC. The ultimate tensile strength (S-ut) of PPS bonded magnets decreases with increasing temperature. The tensile strength of PPS bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets was reduced significantly above 100 degreesC. At 180 degreesC, the PPS bonded magnets still exhibit a S-ut of 16-18 MPa. For bonded magnets with about 60% volume fraction of Nd-Fe-B powder, the PPS bonded magnet shows about twice the tensile strength and half the ultimate strain compared to that of Nylon bonded magnet. At room temperature, the flexural strength is, in general, comparable to the tensile strength. Dynamic elastic modulus measured using the impact resonance method was in good agreement with the elastic modulus obtained from tensile tests. Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses of the fractured surfaces revealed two distinct failure mechanisms. Debonding along the Nd-Fe-B particle and PPS interface is the main cause for failures at 100 and 180 degreesC. The fracture of Nd-Fe-B particle was observed on the fracture surface of specimens tested at -40 and 23 degreesC. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Magnequench Tech Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Scattergood, Ronald/D-5204-2009 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 359 IS 1-2 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00400-3 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 726RU UT WOS:000185613700045 ER PT J AU Yu, MH Devi, PS Lewis, LH Oouma, P Parise, JB Gambino, RJ AF Yu, MH Devi, PS Lewis, LH Oouma, P Parise, JB Gambino, RJ TI Towards a magnetic core-shell nanostructure: a novel composite made by a citrate-nitrate auto-ignition process SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microstructure; exchange bias; ferromagnet; ferrimagnet; antiferromagnet; citrate-nitrate auto-ignition ID EXCHANGE BIAS; NANOPARTICLES; BILAYERS; GARNET; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PRECURSORS; OXIDES; FILMS AB The magnetic properties and microstructure in nanocrystalline ferrimagnetic (FIM) Y3Fe3Al2O12 (Al-YIG) powder precipitated during an auto-ignition of a citrate-nitrate gel precursor onto commercial ferromagnetic (FM) CrO2 powders were studied. The synthesis objective was to create an ideal core-shell structure of CrO2 surrounded by Al-YIG with possible application for magnetocaloric applications; however, agglomeration of the acicular CrO2 particles prevented individual particles from complete encapsulation by Al-YIG. This result was confirmed by electron microscopy. Due to the metastability of CrO2, magnetic interaction between the ferromagnetic CrO2 and the ferrimagnetic Al-YIG is found to be mediated by antiferromagnetic (AFM) Cr2O3. Low-temperature magnetic measurement provides distinct evidence of an exchange bias shift in the major hysteresis loop with features that are consistent with interfacial exchange from two kinds of interfaces: CrO2 (FM)/Cr2O3 (AFM) and Y3Fe3Al2O12 (FIM)/Cr2O3 (AFM). Subsequent ex situ heat treatment of the reacted particles accelerates the CrO2/Cr2O3 transformation and produces additional alterations to the low-temperature magnetic hysteresis loops. The results of this work provide evidence that the magnetic couplings at the FM/AFM and FIM/AFM interfaces are flexible under the action of applied fields, a conclusion that may be traced to the unique spin arrangement expected at the phase interfaces. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Yu, MH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Mat Sci & Engn Bldg 90, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM yuminghui90@hotmail.com NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 103 IS 3 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(03)00259-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 728TD UT WOS:000185731700010 ER PT J AU Shirasaki, Y Kawai, N Yoshida, A Matsuoka, M Tamagawa, T Tori, K Sakamoto, T Suzuki, M Urata, Y Sato, R Nakagawa, Y Takahashi, D Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Donaghy, TQ Vanderspek, R Yamauchi, M Takagishi, K Hatsukade, I AF Shirasaki, Y Kawai, N Yoshida, A Matsuoka, M Tamagawa, T Tori, K Sakamoto, T Suzuki, M Urata, Y Sato, R Nakagawa, Y Takahashi, D Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Lamb, DQ Graziani, C Donaghy, TQ Vanderspek, R Yamauchi, M Takagishi, K Hatsukade, I TI Design and performance of the wide-field X-ray monitor on board the high-energy transient explorer 2 SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; instrumentation : detector; instrumentation : proportional counter; space vehicles : instruments; X-rays : bursts ID ASTROMETRIC CALIBRATION; SYSTEMATIC-ERROR AB The Wide-field X-ray Monitor (WXM) is one of the scientific instruments carried on the High Energy Transient Explorer 2 (HETE-2) satellite launched on 2000 October 9. HETE-2 is an international mission consisting of a small satellite dedicated to provide broad-band observations and accurate localizations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A unique feature of this mission is its capability to determine and transmit GRB coordinates in almost real-time through the burst alert network. The WXM consists of three elements: four identical Xe-filled one-dimensional position-sensitive proportional counters, two sets of one-dimensional coded apertures, and the main electronics. The WXM counters are sensitive to X-rays between 2 keV and 25 keV within a field-of-view of about 1.5 sr, with a total detector area of about 350cm(2). The in-flight triggering and localization capability can produce a real-time GRB location of several to 30 arcmin accuracy, with a limiting sensitivity of 10(-7) era cm(-2). In this report, the details of the mechanical structure, electronics, on-board software, ground and in-flight calibration, and in-flight performance of the WXM are discussed. C1 Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. NASDA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3048505, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. MIT, CSR, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RP Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM yuji.shirsaki@nao.ac.jp NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0004-6264 EI 2053-051X J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC JPN JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. PD OCT 25 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1049 DI 10.1093/pasj/55.5.1033 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 738HK UT WOS:000186281000018 ER PT J AU Brewer, L Corzett, M Lau, EY Balhorn, R AF Brewer, L Corzett, M Lau, EY Balhorn, R TI Dynamics of protamine 1 binding to single DNA molecules SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HERRING SPERM DNA; L-AMINO ACIDS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; BULL PROTAMINE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; CHAIN LENGTHS; PROTEIN; CHROMATIN; IDENTIFICATION; CONDENSATION AB Protamine molecules bind to and condense DNA in the sperm of most vertebrates, packaging the sperm genome in an inactive state until it can be reactivated following fertilization. By using methods that enable the analysis of protamine binding to individual DNA molecules, we have monitored the kinetics of DNA condensation and decondensation by protamine 1 (P1) and synthetic peptides corresponding to specific segments of the bull P1 DNA binding domain. Our results show that the number of clustered arginine residues present in the DNA binding domain is the most important factor affecting the condensation and stability of the DNA-protamine complex prior to the formation of inter-protamine disulfide cross-links. The high affinity of P1 for DNA is achieved by the coordinated binding of three anchoring domains, which together in bull P1 contain 19 Arg residues. The single DNA molecule experiments show that sequences containing two or more anchoring domains have an off-rate that is at least 3 orders of magnitude slower than those containing a single domain. The use of Arg, rather than Lys residues, and the inclusion of Tyr or Phe residues in the hinge regions between anchoring domains provide additional stability to the complex. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balhorn, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [1K25 HD 01387-03] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 43 BP 42403 EP 42408 DI 10.1074/jbc.M303610200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 733FP UT WOS:000185989500103 PM 12912999 ER PT J AU Skavrada, M Jandera, P Cherrak, DE Aced, A Guiochon, G AF Skavrada, M Jandera, P Cherrak, DE Aced, A Guiochon, G TI Adsorption isotherms and retention behavior of 1,1 '-bis(2-naphthol) on CHIRIS AD1 and CHIRIS AD2 columns SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE chiral stationary phases, LC; adsorption isotherms; atropoisomer separation; 1,1 '-bis(2-naphthol) ID ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOBILE-PHASE; DERIVATIVES; 2,4,5,6-TETRACHLORO-1,3-DICYANOBENZENE AB The separation of the atropoisomers of 1, 1'-bis(2-naphthol) was studied on CHIRIS AD1 and CHIRIS AD2, two Pirkle-type chiral stationary phases. Satisfactory selectivity was found only on CHIRIS AD2. The ternary mobile phases comprised hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The effects of their composition and of the temperature on the retention under analytical conditions and on the single-component and competitive isotherms were investigated. The retention of the R- and S-isomers on CHIRIS AD1 and CHIRIS AD2 is controlled by the enthalpic contribution to adsorption, but the effect of the mobile phase on the retention should be attributed mainly to the entropic contribution. The adsorption of the less retained R-isomer is controlled by the achiral interactions, which are the same as for the S-isomer. The single-component and competitive isotherms of the R- and S-isomers are adequately described by the sum of a Langmuir term for the achiral contribution to adsorption and a linear-term characterising the selective or chiral adsorption of the S-isomer in the concentration range experimentally available, i.e. within the solubility limit of 1,1'-bis(2-naphthol). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Pardubice, Dept Analyt Chem, CZ-53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 1016 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01325-6 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 727ZC UT WOS:000185689900002 PM 14601835 ER PT J AU Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Forrest, LR Woolf, TB AF Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Forrest, LR Woolf, TB TI Molecular dynamics simulation of dark-adapted rhodopsin in an explicit membrane bilayer: Coupling between local retinal and larger scale conformational change SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rhodopsin; molecular dynamics; membrane protein; simulation ID PROTONATED SCHIFF-BASE; LIGHT-DEPENDENT CHANGES; NONLAMELLAR-FORMING LIPIDS; VISUAL PIGMENT RHODOPSIN; G-PROTEIN; BOVINE RHODOPSIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRANSMEMBRANE HELICES; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; METARHODOPSIN-II AB The light-driven photocycle of rhodopsin begins the photoreceptor cascade that underlies visual response. In a sequence of events, the retinal covalently attached to the rhodopsin protein undergoes a conformational change that communicates local changes to a global conformational change throughout the whole protein. In turn, the large-scale protein change then activates G-proteins and signal amplification throughout the cell. The nature of this change, involving a coupling between a local process and larger changes throughout the protein, may be important for many membrane proteins. In addition, functional work has shown that this coupling occurs with different efficiency in different lipid settings. To begin to understand the nature of the efficiency of this coupling in different lipid settings, we present a molecular dynamics study of rhodopsin in an explicit dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine bilayer. Our system was simulated for 40 ns and provides insights into the very early events of the visual cascade, before the full transition and activation have occurred. In particular, we see an event near 10 ns that begins with a change in hydrogen bonding near the retinal and that leads through a series of coupled changes to a shift in helical tilt. This type of event, though rare on the molecular dynamics time-scale, could be an important clue to the types of coupling that occur between local and large-scale conformational change in many membrane proteins. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 110 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 333 IS 3 BP 493 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.08.045 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 735FP UT WOS:000186102000002 PM 14556740 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S De Cecco, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fan, Q Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, 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Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for lepton flavor violating decays of a heavy neutral particle in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; GAUGE BOSONS; SUPERSYMMETRY; PHYSICS; COLLIDERS AB We report on a search for a high mass, narrow width particle that decays directly to emu, etau, or mutau. We use approximately 110 pb(-1) of data collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab from 1992 to 1995. No evidence of lepton flavor violating decays is found. Limits are set on the production and decay of sneutrinos with R-parity violating interactions. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. 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RI Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, X Draper, JE Drees, KA Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Ganti, MS Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Kollegger, T Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Rykov, V Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, HY Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Transverse-momentum and collision-energy dependence of high-p(T) hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QCD; MODEL AB We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at rootS(NN)=200 GeV. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for 5 K pi decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID D-MESON SYSTEM AB We present results of a search for D-0-(D) over bar (0) mixing and a measurement of R-D, the ratio of doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays to Cabibbo-favored decays, using D-0-->K(+)pi(-) decays from 57.1 fb(-1) of data collected near roots=10.6 GeV with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. At the 95% confidence level, allowing for CP violation, we find the mixing parameters x('2)<0.0022 and -0.056VV AB With a sample of approximately 89x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector, we perform a search for B meson decays into pairs of charmless vector mesons (phi, rho, and K-*). We measure the branching fractions, determine the degree of longitudinal polarization, and search for CP violation asymmetries in the processes B+-->phiK(*+), B-0-->phiK(*0), B+-->rho(0)K(*+), and B+-->rho(0)rho(+). We also set an upper limit on the branching fraction for the decay B-0-->rho(0)rho(0). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Mackay, Catherine/0000-0003-4252-6740; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Watson, Nigel/0000-0002-8142-4678; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; NR 19 TC 205 Z9 203 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 17 AR 171802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.171802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735WV UT WOS:000186138300006 PM 14683353 ER PT J AU Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Durakiewicz, T Butterfield, MT Guziewicz, E Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Arko, AJ Eriksson, O AF Joyce, JJ Wills, JM Durakiewicz, T Butterfield, MT Guziewicz, E Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Arko, AJ Eriksson, O TI Photoemission and the electronic structure of PuCoGa5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-PU; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PLUTONIUM; LOCALIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB The electronic structure of the first Pu-based superconductor PuCoGa5 is explored using photoelectron spectroscopy and a novel theoretical scheme. Exceptional agreement between calculation and experiment defines a path forward for understanding the electronic structure aspects of Pu-based materials. The photoemission results show two separate regions of 5f electron spectral intensity, one at the Fermi energy and another centered 1.2 eV below the Fermi level. The results for PuCoGa5 clearly indicate 5f electron behavior on the threshold between localized and itinerant. Comparisons to delta phase Pu metal show a broader framework for understanding the fundamental electronic properties of the Pu 5f levels in general within two configurations, one localized and one itinerant. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Joyce, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jjoyce@lanl.gov RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258 NR 29 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 17 AR 176401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.176401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735WV UT WOS:000186138300035 PM 14611363 ER PT J AU Ogitsu, T Schwegler, E Gygi, F Galli, G AF Ogitsu, T Schwegler, E Gygi, F Galli, G TI Melting of lithium hydride under pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE; EQUATION; STATE; NAH; GPA; ALUMINUM; CURVE; RBH; KH AB We have computed the melting line of lithium hydride up to 200 GPa using the two-phase simulation technique coupled with first-principles molecular dynamics. Our predicted melting temperature at high pressures varies slowly with compression, ranging from 2000 to 2450 K at 50-200 GPa pressures. The compressed fluid close to the melting line retains the ionic character of the low pressure molten state, while at higher temperatures dynamical hydrogen clustering processes are observed, which are accompanied by changes in the electronic structure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ogitsu, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 26 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 17 AR 175502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.175502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735WV UT WOS:000186138300028 PM 14611356 ER PT J AU Portillo, S Quarles, CA AF Portillo, S Quarles, CA TI Absolute doubly differential cross sections for electron bremsstrahlung from rare gas atoms at 28 and 50 keV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD BREMSSTRAHLUNG; POLARIZATION MECHANISM; RELATIVISTIC DESCRIPTION; Z-DEPENDENCE; SPECTRA; ENERGY; COLLISIONS; RESONANCES; RADIATION; CONTINUUM AB Absolute doubly differential bremsstrahlung cross sections from Xe, Kr, Ar, and Ne have been measured for electron bombarding energies of 28 and 50 keV. Bremsstrahlung photons have been detected at 90degrees to the incident electron beam at energies ranging from 5 keV up to the kinematic end point. The results are compared with predictions of ordinary bremsstrahlung and of total bremsstrahlung that include polarizational bremsstrahlung from the target atom calculated in the stripping approximation. All previous absolute cross sections have been from thin-film solid targets and have not shown any polarizational bremsstrahlung contribution. The present results, the first from free atoms, provide definitive evidence for the contribution of polarizational bremsstrahlung to the photon spectrum from electron bremsstrahlung. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Portillo, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 54 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 17 AR 173201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.173201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735WV UT WOS:000186138300017 PM 14611345 ER PT J AU Tsui, F He, L Ma, L Tkachuk, A Chu, YS Nakajima, K Chikyow, T AF Tsui, F He, L Ma, L Tkachuk, A Chu, YS Nakajima, K Chikyow, T TI Novel germanium-based magnetic semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; MN; GE AB Epitaxial synthesis and properties of novel Co and Mn-doped Ge magnetic semiconductors were studied. Epitaxial growth of high quality films with high doping concentrations has been stabilized by the use of two dopants. The magnetic and transport properties of the system exhibit high T-C and large magnetoresistance effects that can be controlled systematically by the doping concentration. The maximum T-C achieved in the semiconducting materials is similar to270 K at a composition of Co0.12Mn0.03Ge0.85. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Tsui, F (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI He, Liang/E-5935-2012 NR 15 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 24 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 17 AR 177203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.177203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 735WV UT WOS:000186138300046 PM 14611374 ER PT J AU Dou, YS Torralva, BR Allen, RE AF Dou, YS Torralva, BR Allen, RE TI Detailed mechanism for trans-cis photoisomerization of butadiene following a femtosecond-scale laser pulse SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; CONICAL INTERSECTION; INTERNAL-CONVERSION; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; RHODOPSIN; POLYENES; ISOMERIZATION AB The detailed dynamical processes involved in trans --> cis photoisomerization of butadiene have been studied in realistic simulations, employing a technique that is described in the text. Many interesting features are observed, including the following sequence of events: (i) The initial electronic excitation converts the central single bond to a double bond and the terminal double bonds to single bonds, so the molecule at first rotates about only these end bonds. (ii) There is then a series of rapid nonadiabatic transfers of population among electronic states near the HOMO-LUMO gap, which ultimately result in depopulation of the excited states. (iii) The bonds consequently revert to their original ground-state character, permitting a continuous rotation about the central single bond. At the end, the molecule is essentially in the ground electronic state for the new conformation. The simulation results clearly demonstrate the couplings of C-C-C bending vibrations to nonadiabatic electronic transitions and involvement of hydrogen migration in the molecular orbital intersections. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allen, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 23 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 42 BP 8817 EP 8824 DI 10.1021/jp034771b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 733FW UT WOS:000185990100002 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Ivanic, J Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L Ivanic, J Ruedenberg, K TI Split-localized orbitals can yield stronger configuration interaction convergence than natural orbitals SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC WAVEFUNCTIONS; INCORPORATING LIMITED TRIPLE; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; QUANTUM THEORY; CORRELATION-ENERGY; FORS MODEL; BASIS-SETS; SYSTEMS AB The convergence of configuration interaction (CI) expansions depends upon the orbitals from which the configurations are formed. Since their introduction half a century ago, natural orbitals have gained an increasing popularity for generating rapidly converging CI expansions and the notion has become widespread that they always yield the fastest CI convergence. It is shown here that, in fact, certain localized orbitals often yield a better CI convergence than natural orbitals, as measured by a wave function criterion as well as by an energy criterion. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bytautas, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 51 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 16 BP 8217 EP 8224 DI 10.1063/1.1610434 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 731BW UT WOS:000185865500002 ER PT J AU Yang, X Wang, XB Wang, LS Niu, SQ Ichiye, T AF Yang, X Wang, XB Wang, LS Niu, SQ Ichiye, T TI On the electronic structures of gaseous transition metal halide complexes, FeX4- and MX3- (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, X=Cl, Br), using photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; REDUCED RUBREDOXIN; LIGAND COVALENCY; MOFE-PROTEIN; ACTIVE-SITE; GAS-PHASE; PHOTODETACHMENT; NITROGENASE; CRYSTAL AB We report a photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretical study on a series of transition metal halide complexes: FeX4- and MX3- (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, X=Cl, Br). PES spectra were obtained at two photon energies (193 and 157 nm), revealing the complicated electronic structures of these metal complexes and their variation with the ligand-field geometry and metal center substitution. Density functional calculations were carried out to obtain information about the structures, energetics, and molecular orbitals of the metal complexes and used to interpret the PES spectra. For the tetrahedrally coordinated ferric complexes (FeX4-), the PES data directly confirm the "inverted level scheme" electronic structure, where the Fe 3d electrons lie below those of the ligands due to a strong spin-polarization of the Fe 3d levels. For the three-coordinate complexes (MX3-), the calculations also revealed strong spin polarizations, but the molecular orbital diagrams present a "mixed level scheme," in which the ligand orbitals and the Fe 3d majority spin orbitals are spaced closely in the same energy regions. This "mixed level scheme" is due to the larger splitting of the 3d orbitals in the stronger D-3h ligand field and the smaller spin polarizations of the divalent metal centers. The calculations show that the metal 3d orbitals are stabilized gradually relative to the ligand orbitals from Mn to Ni in the tri-halide complexes consistent with the PES spectral patterns. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 52 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 16 BP 8311 EP 8320 DI 10.1063/1.1610431 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 731BW UT WOS:000185865500013 ER PT J AU Cool, TA Nakajima, K Mostefaoui, TA Qi, F McIlroy, A Westmoreland, PR Law, ME Poisson, L Peterka, DS Ahmed, M AF Cool, TA Nakajima, K Mostefaoui, TA Qi, F McIlroy, A Westmoreland, PR Law, ME Poisson, L Peterka, DS Ahmed, M TI Selective detection of isomers with photoionization mass spectrometry for studies of hydrocarbon flame chemistry SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS SECTIONS; OH RADICALS; SHOCK-TUBE; AB-INITIO; PROPYNE; ALLENE; PYROLYSIS; ETHYLENE; MODEL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE AB We report the first use of synchrotron radiation, continuously tunable from 8 to 15 eV, for flame-sampling photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS). Synchrotron radiation offers important advantages over the use of pulsed vacuum ultraviolet lasers for PIMS; these include superior signal-to-noise, soft ionization, and access to photon energies outside the limited tuning ranges of current VUV laser sources. Near-threshold photoionization efficiency measurements were used to determine the absolute concentrations of the allene and propyne isomers of C3H4 in low-pressure laminar ethylene-oxygen and benzene-oxygen flames. Similar measurements of the isomeric composition of C2H4O species in a fuel-rich ethylene-oxygen flame revealed the presence of substantial concentrations of ethenol (vinyl alcohol) and acetaldehyde. Ethenol has not been previously detected in hydrocarbon flames. Absolute photoionization cross sections were measured for ethylene, allene, propyne, and acetaldehyde, using propene as a calibration standard. PIE curves are presented for several additional reaction intermediates prominent in hydrocarbon flames. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14886 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cool, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14886 USA. RI POISSON, Lionel/A-6669-2008; Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Bohall, Kenji/A-7498-2011; Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 OI POISSON, Lionel/0000-0002-7131-968X; NR 47 TC 181 Z9 191 U1 5 U2 69 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 16 BP 8356 EP 8365 DI 10.1063/1.1611173 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 731BW UT WOS:000185865500018 ER PT J AU Liu, S Chen, MW Lyons, LR Korth, H Albert, JM Roeder, JL Anderson, PC Thomsen, MF AF Liu, S Chen, MW Lyons, LR Korth, H Albert, JM Roeder, JL Anderson, PC Thomsen, MF TI Contribution of convective transport to stormtime ring current electron injection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ring current; electron loss; magnetic storms; electron transport; particle drift trajectories ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; LARGE-SCALE; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; MODEL MAGNETOSPHERE; CRRES; ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS AB [1] Significant increases in electron fluxes and energy densities at energies from 200 eV to greater than or equal to 1 MeV have been observed during magnetic storms to L values as low as 2. To investigate the processes responsible for these flux increases of ring current electrons, we simulate the guiding-center drift and loss of electrons from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere during storms. We use a dipole field plus a constant southward interplanetary magnetic field as our magnetic field model. Over this magnetic field model we impose corotation, quiescent Stern-Volland, and storm-associated enhancements in the convection electric field. We perform phase-space mapping simulations with imposed initial ( theoretical results or Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) observations) and boundary ( averaged Los Alamos National Laboratory/multiple-particle analyzer or CRRES observations) conditions for hypothetical and real storm events, respectively. Wave-particle interactions are the dominant loss process for ring current electrons. Wave activity outside the plasmapause is enhanced during storms due to the particle injection from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere during active times. Our loss model takes such enhanced losses into account. We compare our simulated electron fluxes with previously reported fluxes observed by Explorer 45 for hypothetical storms and with in situ fluxes from CRRES/low-energy plasma analyzer (LEPA) ( similar to100 eV to similar to 20 keV) and CRRES/medium-energy sensor A ( MEA) ( 153 keV to 1.582 MeV) for two storm events ( 26 August 1990 and 10 October 1990). We find that direct injection from the plasma sheet by enhanced convection can account for increases in the stormtime ring current electron fluxes from 10 to similar to 50 keV. Our simulations quantitatively reproduce the enhanced low-energy ( similar to 10 keV) electron fluxes observed by CRRES/LEPA at equatorial radial distances of similar to 3 to 6.6R(E). Our simulated electron fluxes at intermediate energies (similar to 50 keV) overestimate the corresponding fluxes observed by Explorer 45 at L similar to 3 - 5, suggesting that the loss model that we are currently using underestimates the actual electron losses at energies of similar to 50 keV. We find that transport via enhanced convection cannot account for the rapid filling of the slot region at 3 - 5R(E) for greater than or equal to 100 keV electrons when we apply linearly interpolated Data Acquisition and Processing Program ( DMSP) cross-polar-cap potentials in our simple electric field model. However, when we superimpose stormtime fluctuations of the cross-tail potential drop over linearly interpolated DMSP potentials, we find that the fluxes of electrons are enhanced up to energies of similar to 150 keV at L similar to 3 - 5R(E) during the October 1990 event because radial diffusion of the high-energy electrons during the 22-hour main phase can be significant. However, it still cannot account for the stormtime flux increases of E greater than or equal to 200 keV at L similar to 3 - 5. This may be in part because the simple electric field model that we are using underestimates the electric field intensity in the slot region. Local acceleration mechanisms, which we have not included in our model, may also play an important role. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM hanzo@atmos.ucla.edu; mchen@aero.org; larry@atmos.ucla.edu; haje.korth@jhuapl.edu; jay.albert.1@bc.edu; james.roeder@aero.org; phillip.c.anderson@aero.org; mthomsen@lanl.gov RI Chen, Margaret/C-9658-2013; OI Chen, Margaret/0000-0001-7771-4771; Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A10 AR 1372 DI 10.1029/2003JA010004 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 736YL UT WOS:000186200800004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Butler, WH AF Zhang, XG Butler, WH TI Band structure, evanescent states, and transport in spin tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; GROUND-STATE; LAYER; MGO; TRANSMISSION; POLARIZATION; FE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INTERFACES AB First-principles based electronic structure calculations provide important insight into spin-dependent transport in tunnelling junctions with magnetic electrodes. They have shown that Bloch electrons are qualitatively different from free electrons in determining the tunnelling probability and magnetoresistance of tunnelling junctions, and that tunnelling wavefunctions within the barrier region are usually different from those modelled by a simple barrier potential. Several factors are important in determining the tunnelling current and magnetoresistance of a tunnelling junction. These include the symmetry of the Bloch wavefunctions, the presence or absence of interface resonance states, the nature of the chemical bond between the electrode atoms and the atoms in the barrier layer, and the complex bands (evanescent states) within the barrier layer. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 49 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 41 BP R1603 EP R1639 AR PII S0953-8984(03)21199-1 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/41/R01 PG 37 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 748TC UT WOS:000186876300003 ER PT J AU Iverson, CN Carter, CAG Baker, RT Scollard, JD Labinger, JA Bercaw, JE AF Iverson, CN Carter, CAG Baker, RT Scollard, JD Labinger, JA Bercaw, JE TI C-H bond activation by unsymmetrical 2-(N-arylimino)pyrrolide Pt complexes: Geometric effects on reactivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYLPLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES; HYDROCARBON OXIDATION; MECHANISM; METHANE; PT(II); MODEL; INTERMEDIATE; DIOXYGEN; ADDUCT C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Arnold & Mabel Beckman Labs Chem Synth, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Baker, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 42 BP 12674 EP 12675 DI 10.1021/ja036511d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 733FY UT WOS:000185990300004 PM 14558792 ER PT J AU Lewis, FD Liu, XY Wu, YS Zuo, XB AF Lewis, FD Liu, XY Wu, YS Zuo, XB TI Stepwise evolution of the structure and electronic properties of DNA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; HAIRPINS; LINKERS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewis, FD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM lewis@chem.northwestern.edu RI Zuo, Xiaobing/F-1469-2010; OI Zuo, Xiaobing/0000-0002-0134-4804 NR 17 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 42 BP 12729 EP 12731 DI 10.1021/ja036449k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 733FY UT WOS:000185990300031 PM 14558819 ER PT J AU Wasinger, EC de Groot, FMF Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Wasinger, EC de Groot, FMF Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of non-heme iron sites: Experimental determination of differential orbital covalency SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; COPPER MODEL COMPLEXES; GROUND-STATE; K-EDGE; PHENYLALANINE-HYDROXYLASE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BRANCHING RATIO; ACTIVE-SITES; PRE-EDGE AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been utilized to obtain the L-edge multiplet spectra for a series of non-heme ferric and ferrous complexes. Using these data, a methodology for determining the total covalency and the differential orbital covalency (DOC), that is, differences in covalency in the different symmetry sets of the d orbitals, has been developed. The integrated L-edge intensity is proportional to the number of one-electron transition pathways to the unoccupied molecular orbitals as well as to the covalency of the iron site, which reduces the total L-edge intensity and redistributes intensity, producing shake-up satellites. Furthermore, differential orbital covalency leads to differences in intensity for the different symmetry sets of orbitals and, thus, further modifies the experimental spectra. The ligand field multiplet model commonly used to simulate L-edge spectra does not adequately reproduce the spectral features, especially the charge transfer satellites. The inclusion of charge transfer states with differences in covalency gives excellent fits to the data and experimental estimates of the different contributions of charge transfer shake-up pathways to the t(2g) and e(g) symmetry orbitals. The resulting experimentally determined DOC is compared to values calculated from density functional theory and used to understand chemical trends in high- and low-spin ferrous and ferric complexes with different covalent environments. The utility of this method toward problems in bioinorganic chemistry is discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Utrecht, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Solomon@stanford.edu RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40392] NR 67 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 22 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 42 BP 12894 EP 12906 DI 10.1021/ja034634s PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 733FY UT WOS:000185990300050 PM 14558838 ER PT J AU Taatjes, CA AF Taatjes, CA TI Infrared frequency-modulation measurements of absolute rate coefficients for Cl+HD -> HCl (DCl)+D(H) between 295 and 700 K (vol 306, pg 33, 1999) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 380 IS 3-4 BP 490 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.08.122 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 736CW UT WOS:000186154000041 ER PT J AU Kinne, S Lohmann, U Feichter, J Schulz, M Timmreck, C Ghan, S Easter, R Chin, M Ginoux, P Takemura, T Tegen, I Koch, D Herzog, M Penner, J Pitari, G Holben, B Eck, T Smirnov, A Dubovik, O Slutsker, I Tanre, D Torres, O Mishchenko, M Geogdzhayev, I Chu, DA Kaufman, Y AF Kinne, S Lohmann, U Feichter, J Schulz, M Timmreck, C Ghan, S Easter, R Chin, M Ginoux, P Takemura, T Tegen, I Koch, D Herzog, M Penner, J Pitari, G Holben, B Eck, T Smirnov, A Dubovik, O Slutsker, I Tanre, D Torres, O Mishchenko, M Geogdzhayev, I Chu, DA Kaufman, Y TI Monthly averages of aerosol properties: A global comparison among models, satellite data, and AERONET ground data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE tropospheric aerosol; aerosol component modeling; aerosol module evaluation; direct aerosol radiative forcing; regional comparisons ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SEA-SALT; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOL; MINERAL AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; DUST AEROSOLS AB [1] New aerosol modules of global ( circulation and chemical transport) models are evaluated. These new modules distinguish among at least five aerosol components: sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, sea salt, and dust. Monthly and regionally averaged predictions for aerosol mass and aerosol optical depth are compared. Differences among models are significant for all aerosol types. The largest differences were found near expected source regions of biomass burning ( carbon) and dust. Assumptions for the permitted water uptake also contribute to optical depth differences ( of sulfate, organic carbon, and sea salt) at higher latitudes. The decline of mass or optical depth away from recognized sources reveals strong differences in aerosol transport or removal among models. These differences are also a function of altitude, as transport biases of dust do not always extend to other aerosol types. Ratios of optical depth and mass demonstrate large differences in the mass extinction efficiency, even for hydrophobic aerosol. This suggests that efforts of good mass simulations could be wasted or that conversions are misused to cover for poor mass simulations. In an attempt to provide an absolute measure for model skill, simulated total optical depths ( when adding contributions from all five aerosol types) are compared to measurements from ground and space. Comparisons to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) suggest a source strength underestimate in many models, most frequently for ( subtropical) tropical biomass or dust. Comparisons to the combined best of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS) indicate that away from sources, model simulations are usually smaller. Particularly large are discrepancies over tropical oceans and oceans of the Southern Hemisphere, raising issues on the treatment of sea salt in models. Totals for mass or optical depth in many models are defined by the absence or dominance of only one aerosol component. With appropriate corrections to that component ( e. g., to removal, to source strength, or to seasonality) a much better model performance can be expected. Still, many important modeling issues remain inconclusive as the combined result of poor coordination ( different emissions and meteorology), insufficient model output ( vertical distributions, water uptake by aerosol type), and unresolved measurement issues ( retrieval assumptions and temporal or spatial sampling biases). C1 Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. CEA, CNRS, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, GIT, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Coppito, Laquila, Italy. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM kinne@dkrz.de; ulrike.lohmann@dal.ca; feichter@dkrz.de; schulz@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; timmreck@dkrz.de; steve.ghan@pnl.gov; richard.easter@pnl.gov; chin@gator1.gsfc.nasa.gov; ginoux@rondo.gsfc; toshi@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; itegen@bgc-jena.mpg.de; dorothy.koch@yale.edu; herzogm@umich.edu; penner@umich.edu; pitari@vxscaq.aquila.infn.it; brent@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; tom@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; asmirnov@spamer.gsfc.nasa.gov; dubovik@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; ilya@aeronet.nasa.gov; didier.tanre@univ-lille1.fr; torres@tparty.gsfc.nasa.gov; mmishchenko@giss.nasa.gov; ig117@columbia.edu; achu@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; yoram.j.kaufman@nasa.gov RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Smirnov, Alexander/C-2121-2009; ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Smirnov, Alexander/0000-0002-8208-1304; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158 NR 64 TC 179 Z9 181 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D20 AR 4634 DI 10.1029/2001JD001253 PG 42 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 736XL UT WOS:000186198500001 ER PT J AU Bourdillon, AJ Boothroyd, CB Williams, GP Vladimirsky, Y AF Bourdillon, AJ Boothroyd, CB Williams, GP Vladimirsky, Y TI Near field x-ray lithography simulations for printing fine bridges SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOLITHOGRAPHY AB By using the near field in proximity x-ray lithography (PXL), a technique is demonstrated that extends beyond a resolution of 25 nm print feature size for dense lines. 'Demagnification by bias' of clear mask features is positively used in Fresnel diffraction together with multiple exposures of sharp peaks. Exposures are performed without lenses or mirrors between the mask and wafer, and 'demagnification' is achieved in a selectable range, 1x-9x. The pitch is kept small by multiple stepped exposures of sharp, intense image peaks followed by single development. Low pitch nested lines are demonstrated. The optical field is kept compact at the mask. Since the mask-wafer gap scales as the square of the mask feature size, the mask feature sizes and mask-wafer gaps are comparatively large. Because the features are themselves larger, the masks are more easily manufactured. Meanwhile, exposure times for development levels high on sharp peaks are short, and there are further benefits including defect reduction, virtual elimination of sidebands, etc. A critical condition (CC) has been identified that is typically used for the highest resolution. Many devices, including batches of microprocessors, have been demonstrated previously by traditional I x PXL, which is the only next generation lithography developed and which is now further extended. For two-dimensional near field patterning, temporal and spatial incoherence at the CC have been used to show not only that peculiarities in the aerial pattern, such as 'ripple' and 'bright spots', can be virtually eliminated but also that there is an optimum demagnification, around 3 x, in the Fresnel diffraction, where the contrast and, therefore, critical dimension control are highest. In the simulation of a bridge pattern, 'ripple' is likewise controlled. Blur and run-out are compared for various sources. Magnification corrections can be applied by various means. Extension to 15 nm printed features is predicted. C1 UhrlMasc Inc, San Jose, CA 95170 USA. Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bourdillon, AJ (reprint author), UhrlMasc Inc, POB 700001, San Jose, CA 95170 USA. EM bourdillona@prodigy.net NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 20 BP 2471 EP 2482 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/20/008 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 744CX UT WOS:000186611300010 ER PT J AU Page, MJ Soria, R Wu, K Mason, KO Cordova, FA Priedhorsky, WC AF Page, MJ Soria, R Wu, K Mason, KO Cordova, FA Priedhorsky, WC TI XMM-Newton RGS spectroscopy of LMC x-3 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; binaries : general; stars : early-type; stars : winds, outflows; galaxies : Seyfert ID BLACK-HOLE CANDIDATES; COMPTON-HEATED WINDS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; ACCRETION DISKS; CORONAE; DISCOVERY; LMC-X-3; MODELS; STATE; LONG AB We present soft X-ray spectroscopy of the black hole binary LMC X-3 from the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer. The observations span the full range of spectral states seen in LMC X-3. The spectra are completely dominated by continuum emission, and the neutral absorbing column measured from the OI edge (N(H) = 3.8(-0.7)(+0 8) x 10(20) cm(-2)) is consistent with the Galactic interstellar column density towards LMC X-3. We find no evidence for variability of the neutral absorbing column. We also constrain the ionized column density using the upper limits to the equivalent width of the OII-O VIII K- shell resonance lines: we find that the equivalent hydrogen column density of gas in which O is partially ionized is < 8 x 10(20) cm(-2). From this upper limit we can rule out a line-driven stellar wind as the power source for the X-ray emission of LMC X-3 except when it is faint. At wavelengths longward of the peak emission the spectral shape is well described by a multitemperature disc-blackbody spectrum; the power-law component, which dominates at shorter wavelengths, does not continue longward of the disc-blackbody peak. This implies that the multitemperature disc-blackbody component supplies the seed photons that are Compton upscattered in the hot corona, consistent with the standard paradigm for black hole X-ray binary spectral states. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, MJ (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM mjp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 345 IS 2 BP 639 EP 649 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06967.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731FG UT WOS:000185873400023 ER PT J AU Batarin, VA Brennan, T Butler, J Cheung, H Datsko, VS Davidenko, AM Derevschikov, AA Dzhelyadin, RI Fomin, YV Frolov, V Goncharenko, YM Grishin, VN Kachanov, VA Khodyrev, VY Khroustalev, K Konoplyannikov, AK Konstantinov, AS Kravtsova, VI Kubota, Y Leontiev, VM Lukanin, VS Maisheev, VA Matulenko, YA Melnick, YM Meschanin, AP Mikhalin, NE Minaev, NG Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Mountain, R Nogach, LV Pikalov, VA Ryazantsev, AV Semenov, PA Shestermanov, KE Soloviev, LF Solovianov, VL Stone, S Ukhanov, MN Uzunian, AV Vasiliev, A Yakutin, AE Yarba, J AF Batarin, VA Brennan, T Butler, J Cheung, H Datsko, VS Davidenko, AM Derevschikov, AA Dzhelyadin, RI Fomin, YV Frolov, V Goncharenko, YM Grishin, VN Kachanov, VA Khodyrev, VY Khroustalev, K Konoplyannikov, AK Konstantinov, AS Kravtsova, VI Kubota, Y Leontiev, VM Lukanin, VS Maisheev, VA Matulenko, YA Melnick, YM Meschanin, AP Mikhalin, NE Minaev, NG Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Mountain, R Nogach, LV Pikalov, VA Ryazantsev, AV Semenov, PA Shestermanov, KE Soloviev, LF Solovianov, VL Stone, S Ukhanov, MN Uzunian, AV Vasiliev, A Yakutin, AE Yarba, J TI Study of radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals using intense high-energy beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiation hardness; color centers; lead tungstate; scintillating crystal AB We report on the effects of radiation on the light output of lead tungstate crystals. The crystals were irradiated by pure, intense high-energy electron and hadron beams as well as by a mixture of hadrons, neutrons and gammas. The crystals were manufactured in Bogoroditsk, Apatity (both Russia), and Shanghai (China). These studies were carried out at the 70-GeV proton accelerator in Protvino. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Semenov, PA (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 512 IS 3 BP 488 EP 505 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)02014-X PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 738LV UT WOS:000186290100005 ER PT J AU Dullmann, CE Eichler, B Eichler, R Gaggeler, HW Jost, DT Kindler, U Piguet, D Soverna, S Thorle, P Trautmann, N Turler, A AF Dullmann, CE Eichler, B Eichler, R Gaggeler, HW Jost, DT Kindler, U Piguet, D Soverna, S Thorle, P Trautmann, N Turler, A TI Miss Piggy, a californium-252 fission fragment source as a generator of short-lived radionuclides SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE spontaneous fission; sources of radioactive nuclei; fission fragments; short-lived isotopes; carrier-free nuclides; californium-252 ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; OLGA-II; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION; CHLORIDES; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM AB Carrier-free short-lived nuclides are employed in many different fields of modern nuclear chemistry. The two main production strategies are either thermal neutron-induced fission of U-235 or Pu-239 at nuclear reactors or spallation neutron sources or charged particle-induced nuclear reactions at accelerator facilities. An alternative method is to use a spontaneously fissioning nuclide. A facility applying this technique ("Miss Piggy") was built at the University of Berne (Switzerland). Californium-252 (Cf-252), which has a 3% fission branch and a half-life of 2.645 a, is used for the production of short-lived fission products that are stopped in an adjacent recoil chamber. Short-lived nuclides are transported out of the recoil chamber using the well-known gas-jet technique. Over 100 nuclides have been identified so far and used in different applications. Since such a device does not require any large facility and is easy to operate it serves well the needs of typical university laboratories. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Dullmann, CE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 88R0192, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Eichler, Robert/G-5130-2011; Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 2003 VL 512 IS 3 BP 595 EP 605 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01932-6 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 738LV UT WOS:000186290100014 ER PT J AU Vestel, MJ Grummon, DS Gronsky, R Pisano, AP AF Vestel, MJ Grummon, DS Gronsky, R Pisano, AP TI Effect of temperature on the devitrification kinetics of NiTi films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE thin films; transmission electron microscopy; shape memory alloys; crystallization; kinetics ID SPUTTERED THIN-FILMS; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEPOSITION; ALLOYS; TI-X(NI,CU)(1-X); TRANSFORMATIONS; CRYSTALS; TINI AB The effect of isothermal devitrification temperature on the reaction kinetics and the microstructure of freestanding NiTi films have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The minimum temperature for complete crystallization of amorphous sputtered films was found to be 400 degreesC, and analysis of the nucleation kinetics yielded Avrami exponents between 2 and 3 for all films. Crystalline grains always nucleated first at the surface, grew laterally until impingement, then grew inward to form columnar grains. Surface roughness delayed the onset of surface nucleation. In very smooth surfaced films, multiple DSC exotherms heralded repeated nucleation of new wide, flat grains within the film interior. This secondary microstructure exhibited different kinetics than the columnar grains, and Avrami exponents consistent with a continuous nucleation mode. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LUSTER, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LUSTER, Div Engn, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS71R0259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mvestel@lbl.gov NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 18 BP 5309 EP 5318 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00389-6 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 735NH UT WOS:000186121100006 ER PT J AU Scaffidi, J Pender, J Pearman, W Goode, SR Colston, BW Carter, JC Angel, SM AF Scaffidi, J Pender, J Pearman, W Goode, SR Colston, BW Carter, JC Angel, SM TI Dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with combinations of femtosecond and nanosecond laser pulses SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) CY 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; PRE-ABLATION SPARK; IN-SITU ANALYSIS; ND-YAG LASER; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PIGMENT IDENTIFICATION; RAMAN MICROSCOPY; SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE AB Nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses were combined in an orthogonal preablation spark dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) configuration. Even without full optimization of interpulse alignment, ablation focus, large signal, signal-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-background ratio enhancements were observed for both copper and aluminum targets. Despite the preliminary nature of this study, these results have significant implications in the attempt to explain the sources of dual-pulse LIBS enhancements. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Scaffidi, J (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM angel@mail.chem.sc.edu OI Angel, Stanley/0000-0002-0328-0568; Goode, Scott/0000-0001-5445-5682 NR 69 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 30 BP 6099 EP 6106 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006099 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733KV UT WOS:000186000200024 PM 14594072 ER PT J AU Blevins, LG Shaddix, CR Sickafoose, SM Walsh, PM AF Blevins, LG Shaddix, CR Sickafoose, SM Walsh, PM TI Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at high temperatures in industrial boilers and furnaces SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) CY 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; SPARK EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ECHELLE SPECTROMETER; COMBUSTION ENVIRONMENTS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; METAL EMISSIONS; MONITOR; INSTRUMENTATION; DIAGNOSTICS AB Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied (1) near the superheater of an electric power generation boiler burning biomass, coal, or both; (2) at the exit of a glass-melting furnace burning natural gas and oxygen; and (3) near the nose arches of two paper mill recovery boilers burning black liquor. Difficulties associated with the high temperatures and high particle loadings in these environments were surmounted by use of novel LIBS probes. Echelle and linear spectrometers coupled to intensified CCD cameras were used individually and sometimes simultaneously. Elements detected include Na, K, Ca, Mg, C, B, Si, Mn, Al, Fe, Rb, Cl, and Ti. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Blevins, LG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lgblevi@sandia.gov NR 66 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 30 BP 6107 EP 6118 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006107 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733KV UT WOS:000186000200025 PM 14594073 ER PT J AU Martin, M Evans, B O'Neill, H Woodward, J AF Martin, M Evans, B O'Neill, H Woodward, J TI Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy used to detect palladium and silver metal dispersed in bacterial cellulose membranes SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) CY 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL AB The technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been used for the first time to our knowledge for the identification of metals such as palladium and silver that were dispersed in bacterial cellulose membranes. These results for palladium-dispersed films have been correlated to a calibration curve obtained by use of atomic absorption spectroscopy and were found to be in good agreement. The experiments were conducted by use of wet and dry metal-doped membranes. The metal peaks obtained with a dry membrane are greater than five times higher in signal-to-background ratio than when metals are detected by a hydrated membrane. The advantage of this laser-based technique is that minimal sample handling and sample preparation are needed and measurements are completed in real time (a few seconds). Hence this technique can be used for the detection of metals in dry membranes that would be used in the construction of electrode assemblies. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martin, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM martinm1@ornl.gov OI Martin, Madhavi/0000-0002-6677-2180; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 30 BP 6174 EP 6178 DI 10.1364/AO.42.006174 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 733KV UT WOS:000186000200033 PM 14594081 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Shaheen, SE Williams, EL Jabbour, GE AF Wang, Q Shaheen, SE Williams, EL Jabbour, GE TI Hybrid organic-inorganic photoconductive diode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; HETEROJUNCTION; PHOTOCURRENT AB A hybrid organic-inorganic diode has been fabricated by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of low process temperature (<140 degreesC) hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) onto a spin-coated layer of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). The hybrid device was found to be a photoconductive diode with a high photosensitivity of near 700, a high photogain of over 100, and a response time of 500 mus. The high photosensitivity of the a-Si:H intrinsic layer and the large barrier for carrier injection at the PVK/a-Si:H interface are responsible for the good performance. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3404 EP 3406 DI 10.1063/1.1619559 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 732PH UT WOS:000185954400058 ER PT J AU Fosbury, RAE Villar-Martin, M Humphrey, A Lombardi, M Rosati, P Stern, D Hook, RN Holden, BP Stanford, SA Squires, GK Rauch, M Sargent, WLW AF Fosbury, RAE Villar-Martin, M Humphrey, A Lombardi, M Rosati, P Stern, D Hook, RN Holden, BP Stanford, SA Squires, GK Rauch, M Sargent, WLW TI Massive star formation in a gravitationally lensed HII galaxy at z=3.357 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : abundances; galaxies : high-redshift; gravitational lensing; HII regions; stars : formation ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; KECK-II-TELESCOPE; MS 1512-CB58; ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH; SPIRAL GALAXIES; ALPHA EMITTERS; POPULATION III; SPECTRUM; CLUSTER; REGIONS AB The Lynx arc, with a redshift of 3.357, was discovered during spectroscopic follow-up of the z =0.70 cluster RX J0848+ 4456 from the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey. The arc is characterized by a very red R - K color and strong, narrow emission lines. Analysis of HST WFPC2 imaging and Keck optical and infrared spectroscopy shows that the arc is an H II galaxy magnified by a factor of similar to 10 by a complex cluster environment. The high intrinsic luminosity, the emission-line spectrum, the absorption components seen in Lyalpha and C IV, and the rest-frame ultraviolet continuum are all consistent with a simple H II region model containing similar to 10(6) hot O stars. The best-fit parameters for this model imply a very hot ionizing continuum (T-BB similar or equal to 80, 000 K), a high ionization parameter (log U similar or equal to - 1), and a low nebular metallicity (Z/Z(.) similar or equal to 0: 05). The narrowness of the emission lines requires a low mass-to-light ratio for the ionizing stars, suggestive of an extremely low metallicity stellar cluster. The apparent overabundance of silicon in the nebula could indicate enrichment by past pair-instability supernovae, requiring stars more massive than similar to140 M-.. C1 ST ECF, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CALTECH, SIRTF Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. European Space Agcy, Res & Space Sci Dept, Space Telescopes Div, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Fosbury, RAE (reprint author), ST ECF, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM rfosbury@eso.org RI Humphrey, Andrew/M-4118-2013; Villar Martin, Montserrat/C-3126-2017 OI Fosbury, Robert/0000-0001-9975-8003; LOMBARDI, MARCO/0000-0002-3336-4965; Humphrey, Andrew/0000-0002-0510-2351; Villar Martin, Montserrat/0000-0003-2566-2126 NR 48 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP 797 EP 809 DI 10.1086/378228 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZH UT WOS:000185916000006 ER PT J AU Dong, SF Lin, DNC Murray, SD AF Dong, SF Lin, DNC Murray, SD TI Star formation and feedback in dwarf galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; radiative transfer; stars : formation ID COLD DARK-MATTER; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; H-I CONTENT; SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; DISK GALAXIES; LEO-I; GAS; SIMULATIONS AB We examine the star formation history and stellar feedback effects of dwarf galaxies under the influence of extragalactic ultraviolet radiation. Previous work has indicated that the background UV flux can easily ionize the gas within typical dwarf galaxies, delaying or even preventing cooling and star formation within them. Many dwarf galaxies within the Local Group are, however, observed to contain multiple generations of stars, the oldest of which formed in the early epochs of cosmic evolution, when the background UV flux was intense. In order to address this paradox, we consider the dynamical evolution of gas in dwarf galaxies using a one-dimensional, spherically symmetric, Lagrangian numerical scheme to compute the effects of radiative transfer and photoionization. We include a physically motivated star formation recipe and consider the effects of feedback. This scheme allows us to follow the history of the gas and of star formation within dwarf galaxies, as influenced by both external and internal UV radiation. Our results indicate that star formation in the severe environment of dwarf galaxies is a difficult and inefficient process. In potentials with total mass less than a few times 10(6) M-. and velocity dispersion less than a few kilometers per second, residual gas is efficiently photoionized by cosmic background UV radiation. Since the density scale height of the gas within these galaxies is comparable to their size, gas may be tidally removed from them, leaving behind starless residual dark matter clumps. For intermediate-mass systems, such as the dSphs around the Galaxy, star formation can proceed within early cosmic epochs despite the intense background UV flux. Triggering processes such as merger events, collisions, and tidal disturbance can lead to density enhancements, reducing the recombination timescale, allowing gas to cool and star formation to proceed. However, the star formation and gas retention efficiency may vary widely in galaxies with similar dark matter potentials because they depend on many factors, such as the baryonic fraction, external perturbation, initial mass function, and background UV intensity. We suggest that the presence of very old stars in these dwarf galaxies indicates that their initial baryonic-to-dark matter content was comparable to the cosmic value. This constraint suggests that the initial density fluctuation of baryonic matter may be correlated with that of the dark matter. For the more massive dwarf elliptical galaxies, the star formation efficiency and gas retention rate are much higher. Their mass-to-light ratio is regulated by star formation feedback and is expected to be nearly independent of their absolute luminosity. The results of our theoretical models reproduce the observed (M/L)- M-v correlation. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Murray, Stephen/I-8685-2016 OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP 930 EP 943 DI 10.1086/378091 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZH UT WOS:000185916000016 ER PT J AU Sharma, P Hammett, G Quataert, E AF Sharma, P Hammett, G Quataert, E TI Transition from collisionless to collisional magnetorotational instability SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; MHD; plasmas ID LANDAU-FLUID MODELS; ACCRETION FLOWS; TURBULENCE SIMULATIONS; ALFVENIC TURBULENCE; HYDROMAGNETIC-WAVES; PLASMA; TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS; GYROFLUID; DISKS AB Recent calculations by Quataert and coworkers found that the growth rates of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in a collisionless plasma can differ significantly from those calculated using MHD. This can be important in hot accretion flows around compact objects. In this paper we study the transition from the collisionless kinetic regime to the collisional MHD regime, mapping out the dependence of the MRI growth rate on collisionality. A kinetic closure scheme for a magnetized plasma is used that includes the effect of collisions via a BGK operator. The transition to MHD occurs as the mean free path becomes short compared to the parallel wavelength 2pi/k(parallel to). In the weak magnetic field regime where the Alfven and MRI frequencies omega are small compared to the sound wave frequency k(parallel to)c(0), the dynamics are still effectively collisionless even if omega much less than nu, so long as the collision frequency nu much less than k(parallel to)c(0); for an accretion flow this requires nu less than or similar to Omegarootbeta. The low collisionality regime not only modifies the MRI growth rate, but also introduces collisionless Landau or Barnes damping of long-wavelength modes, which may be important for the nonlinear saturation of the MRI. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sharma, P (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP 1121 EP 1130 DI 10.1086/378234 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZH UT WOS:000185916000029 ER PT J AU Cheng, CZ Ren, Y Choe, GS Moon, YJ AF Cheng, CZ Ren, Y Choe, GS Moon, YJ TI Flux rope acceleration and enhanced magnetic reconnection rate SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : numerical; MHD; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARE; PLASMA EJECTION; EVOLUTION; ARCADE; MODEL; FIELD; MOTION; DISRUPTION; LOOPS AB A physical mechanism of flares has emerged from our 2.5-dimensional resistive MHD simulations of the dynamical evolution of current sheet formation and magnetic reconnection and flux rope acceleration subject to the continuous, slow increase of magnetic shear in the arcade. With anomalous nonuniform resistivity in the current sheet the simulation results relate the flux rope's accelerated rising motion with an enhanced magnetic reconnection rate and thus an enhanced reconnection electric field in the current sheet during the. are rise phase. The simulation results provide good quantitative agreement with observations of the acceleration of flux ropes, which are manifested in the form of ejected soft X-ray plasmas, erupting. laments, or CMEs. For the X-class. are events studied in this paper the peak reconnection electric field is similar toO(10(3) V m(-1)) or larger, enough to accelerate electrons to over 100 keV in a field-aligned distance of 0.1 km and produce impulsive hard X-ray emission observed during the. are rise phase. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. Korea Astron Observ, Taejon 305348, South Korea. RP Cheng, CZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP 1341 EP 1346 DI 10.1086/378170 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZH UT WOS:000185916000046 ER PT J AU Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Grebel, EK Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Martinez-Delgado, D Odenkirchen, M Rix, HW Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Schneider, DP York, DG AF Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Grebel, EK Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Martinez-Delgado, D Odenkirchen, M Rix, HW Brinkmann, J Lamb, DQ Schneider, DP York, DG TI Sagittarius tidal debris 90 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Sagittarius); Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : structure ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; MILKY-WAY; DWARF GALAXY; HALO; STARS; SYSTEM AB A new overdensity of A-colored stars in distant parts of the Milky Way's stellar halo, at a dereddened Sloan Digital Sky Survey magnitude of g(0) = 20.3, is presented. Identification of associated variable RR Lyrae candidates supports the claim that these are blue horizontal branch stars. The inferred distance of these stars from the Galactic center is 90 kpc, assuming that the absolute magnitude of these stars is M-g0 = 0.7 and that the Sun is 8.5 kpc from the Galactic center. The new tidal debris is within 10 kpc of the same plane as other confirmed tidal debris from the disruption of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and could be associated with the trailing tidal arm. Distances to the Sagittarius stream estimated from M stars are about 13% smaller than our inferred distances. The tidal debris has a width of at least 10degrees and is traced for more than 20degrees across the sky. The globular cluster NGC 2419 is located within the detected tidal debris and may also have once been associated with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Newberg, HJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. OI /0000-0002-1891-3794 NR 22 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP L191 EP L194 DI 10.1086/379316 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZJ UT WOS:000185916100017 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Rykoff, ES Akerlof, CW Ashley, MC Bizyaev, D McKay, TA Mukadam, A Phillips, A Quimby, R Schaefer, B Sullivan, D Swan, HF Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J AF Smith, DA Rykoff, ES Akerlof, CW Ashley, MC Bizyaev, D McKay, TA Mukadam, A Phillips, A Quimby, R Schaefer, B Sullivan, D Swan, HF Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J TI ROTSE-III observations of the early afterglow from GRB 030329 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 29 MARCH 2003; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; JETS AB Using two identical telescopes at widely separated longitudes, the ROTSE-III network observed decaying emission from the remarkably bright afterglow of gamma-ray burst GRB 030329. In this report we present observations covering 56% of the period from 1.5 to 47 hr after the burst. We find that the light curve is piecewise consistent with a power-law decay. When the ROTSE-III data are combined with data reported by other groups, there is evidence for five breaks within the first 20 hr after the burst. Between two of those breaks, observations from 15.9 to 17.1 hr after the burst at 1 s time resolution with McDonald Observatory's 2.1 m telescope reveal no evidence for fluctuations or deviations from a simple power law. Multiple breaks may indicate complex structure in the jet. There are also two unambiguous episodes at 23 and 45 hr after the burst in which the intensity becomes consistent with a constant for several hours, perhaps indicating multiple injections of energy into the GRB/afterglow system. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, 500 E Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM donaldas@umich.edu; erykoff@umich.edu; akerlof@umich.edu; mcba@phys.unsw.edu.au; dmbiz@baade.physics.utep.edu; tamckay@umich.edu; anjum@astro.as.utexas.edu; a.phillips@unsw.edu.au; quimby@astro.as.utexas.edu; schaefer@astro.as.utexas.edu; denis.sullivan@vuw.ac.nz; hflewell@umich.edu; vestrand@lanl.gov; wheel@hej3.as.utexas.edu; jwren@laanl.gov RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Flewelling, Heather/0000-0002-1050-4056 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 596 IS 2 BP L151 EP L154 DI 10.1086/379534 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 731ZJ UT WOS:000185916100007 ER PT J AU Guloy, AM Mudring, AV Corbett, JD AF Guloy, AM Mudring, AV Corbett, JD TI Nine hexagonal Ca(5)Pb(3)Z phases in stuffed Mn5Si3-type structures with transition metal interstitial atoms Z. Problems with classical valence states in possible Zintl phases SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY; SYSTEM; HOST; BA; SR; STABILIZATION; SERIES; YB AB Ternary hexagonal Ae(5)Tt(3)Z phases have been obtained from high-temperature reactions (1000-1300 degreesC in Ta) only for Ae (alkaline-earth metal) = Ca, Tt (tetrel) = Pb, and Z = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ru, or Cd. The hexagonal crystal structures (stuffed Mn5Si3-type, P6(3)/mcm, Z = 2) were refined for Z = Mn and Fe (a = 9.3580(3), 9.3554(5) Angstrom, c = 7.009(1), 7.009(1) Angstrom, respectively). In contrast, Ca(5)Pb(3)Z for Z = Cu or Ag form only with a trigonal structure (P (3) over bar c1, Z = 2, a = 9.4130(3) Angstrom, c = 7.052(1) Angstrom for Cu) in which regular displacements of only the linear strings of Ca1 atoms occur. The existence of these compounds stands in contrast to the nonexistence of all binary Ae(5)Tt(3) products from Ca to Ba (Ae) and Si to Pb (Tt) with a Mn5Si3-type structure. Therefore, it once seemed attractive to consider the Z elements in these Ca(5)Pb(3)Z compounds as reducing agents (electron donors). The Mn and Fe structures appropriately exhibit greatly enlarged antiprismatic calcium cavities about Z. Other indications of relatively electron-poor environments around Fe are found in its properties, which include soft ferromagnetism with an elevated magnetic moment (6.3 mu(B)) and a large Fe 3p(3/2) binding energy relative to that in La5Ge3Fe, La15Ge9Fe, etc. The Ca5Pb3Mn phase exhibits metallic behavior (rho(295) = 135 muOmega cm) and temperature-independent Pauli paramagnetism. These properties are supported by ab initio band structure calculations for Ca5Pb3Mn, which show strong Ca-Pb bonding and a broad Pb-based band, with appreciable Ca-Mn and Ca-Pb bonding states at and above E-F. Distortion of the Cu analogue gives strengthened Ca-Pb bonding and reduced Cu-Ca1 repulsions. A Zintl phase description of these compounds and some releated compounds in terms of closed Pb bands is not appropriate. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77024 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mudring, Anja/C-4739-2014 OI Mudring, Anja/0000-0002-2800-1684 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 21 BP 6673 EP 6681 DI 10.1021/ic0301728 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 733WP UT WOS:000186023900016 PM 14552619 ER PT J AU Brady, ED Clark, DL Gordon, JC Hay, PJ Keogh, DW Poli, R Scott, BL Watkin, JG AF Brady, ED Clark, DL Gordon, JC Hay, PJ Keogh, DW Poli, R Scott, BL Watkin, JG TI Tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)samarium: X-ray structure and DFT study SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; LANTHANIDE CHEMISTRY; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; C-H; COORDINATION; COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL; LIGAND; BONDS AB The compound Sm[N(SiMe3)(2)](3) has been investigated experimentally by X-ray crystallography and computationally by DFT methods. The structure is analogous to that of other tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]lanthanides, featuring positional disorder of the metal atom above and below the plane defined by the three N donor atoms, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal configuration. One of the methyl groups of each amido ligand is placed above the apex of the pyramid at close distance to the metal center suggesting the presence of agostic interactions. The DFT calculations have been carried out on the real molecule and on a Si[N(SiH3)(SiH2Me)](3) model where the unique Me group was placed above the apex of the pyramid to probe the agostic interaction. In both cases, the optimized geometry reproduces very well the experimental structure and indicates the presence of P-Si-C agostic interactions. A comparison of the optimized geometries obtained in the presence/absence of the Sm d and the Si d orbitals serves to illustrate the relevance of these orbitals for (i) the establishment of the pyramidal configuration at Sm, (ii) the Sm-N bond length, and (iii) the Sm-(beta-Si-C) bond length. The bonding analysis, which was carried out by both Mulliken and NBO methods, not only confirms the importance of the metal d orbitals for the Sm-N and Sm-(beta-Si-C) chemical bonding but also illustrates the relevance of electrostatic terms in the agostic interaction. Sm-N and N-Si pi bonding is present according to the bonding analysis but is not important for enforcing the planar configuration at N, nor the pyramidal configuration at Sm. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bourgogne 1, Fac Sci Gabriel, LSEO, UMR 5632, F-21000 Dijon, France. RP Hay, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Poli, Rinaldo/C-7483-2017; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Poli, Rinaldo/0000-0002-5220-2515; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 33 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 21 BP 6682 EP 6690 DI 10.1021/ic0341690 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 733WP UT WOS:000186023900017 PM 14552620 ER PT J AU Li, B Mudring, AV Corbett, JD AF Li, B Mudring, AV Corbett, JD TI Valence compounds versus metals. Synthesis, characterization, and electronic structures of cubic Ae(4)Pn(3) phases in the systems Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu; Pn = As, Sb, Bi SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EU4BI3; BA3P2 AB The isostructural compounds Sr4Bi3, Ba4Bi3, and Ba4Assimilar to2.60 were prepared by direct reactions of the corresponding elements and their structures determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data as anti-Th3P4 type in the cubic space group I (4) over bar 3d, Z = 4 (a = 10.101(1) Angstrom, 10.550(1) Angstrom, 9.973(1) Angstrom, respectively). The two bismuth compounds are stoichiometric, and the arsenide refines as Ba4As2.60(2). Only unrelated phases are obtained for all binary combinations among the title components for either Ca or Sb. The magnetic susceptibility and resistivities of Ba4Bi3 and Eu4Bi3 show that they are good metallic conductors (similar to40 muQ.cm at 298 K), whereas Ba4As2.60 exhibits rho(150) > 1000 muQ.cm. The electronic structures of Sr4Bi3, Ba4Bi3, and Ba4As3 were calculated by TB-LMTO-ASA methods. Mixing of cation d states into somewhat disperse valence p bands on Bi results in empty bands at E-F and metallic behavior, whereas the narrower valence band in the electron-deficient Ba4As3 leads to vacancies in about 11% of the anion sites and a valence compound. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdc@ameslab.gov RI Mudring, Anja/C-4739-2014 OI Mudring, Anja/0000-0002-2800-1684 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 20 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 21 BP 6940 EP 6945 DI 10.1021/ic0301472 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 733WP UT WOS:000186023900043 PM 14552646 ER EF