FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Straume, T Rugel, G Marchetti, AA Ruhm, W Korschinek, G McAninch, JE Carroll, K Egbert, S Faestermann, T Knie, K Martinelli, R Wallner, A Wallner, C AF Straume, T Rugel, G Marchetti, AA Ruhm, W Korschinek, G McAninch, JE Carroll, K Egbert, S Faestermann, T Knie, K Martinelli, R Wallner, A Wallner, C TI Measuring fast neutrons in Hiroshima at distances relevant to atomic-bomb survivors SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOSIMETRY SYSTEM 1986; NI-63; NAGASAKI; EU-152; CO-60; CL-36; MAGNET; CA-41; IONS AB Data from the survivors of the atomic bombs serve as the major basis for risk calculations of radiation-induced cancer in humans(1). A controversy has existed for almost two decades, however, concerning the possibility that neutron doses in Hiroshima may have been much larger than estimated. This controversy was based on measurements of radioisotopes activated by thermal neutrons that suggested much higher fluences at larger distances than expected(2-6). For fast neutrons, which contributed almost all the neutron dose, clear measurement validation has so far proved impossible at the large distances (900 to 1,500 m) most relevant to survivor locations(6). Here, the first results are reported for the detection of Ni-63 produced predominantly by fast neutrons (above about 1 MeV) in copper samples from Hiroshima. This breakthrough was made possible by the development of chemical extraction methods(7,8) and major improvements in the sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry for detection of Ni-63 atoms (refs 8-11). When results are compared with Ni-63 activation predicted by neutron doses for Hiroshima survivors(6), good agreement is observed at the distances most relevant to survivor data. These findings provide, for the first time, clear measurement validation of the neutron doses to survivors in Hiroshima. C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Univ Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Straume, T (reprint author), Univ Utah, 729 Arapeen Dr,Suite 2334, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RI Wallner, Anton/G-1480-2011; OI Wallner, Anton/0000-0003-2804-3670; Faestermann, Thomas/0000-0002-6603-8787 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6948 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1038/nature01815 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 706LG UT WOS:000184454700039 PM 12891354 ER PT J AU Wu, B Niu, Q AF Wu, B Niu, Q TI Superfluidity of Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice: Landau-Zener tunnelling and dynamical instability SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; GAS; EQUATION; WAVES; PLASMA AB Superflow of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice is represented by a Bloch wave, a plane wave with periodic modulation of the amplitude. We review the theoretical results of the interaction effects in the energy dispersion of the Bloch waves and in the linear stability of such waves. For sufficiently strong repulsion between the atoms, the lowest Bloch band develops a loop at the edge of the Brillouin zone, with the dramatic consequence of a finite probability of Landau-Zener tunnelling even in the limit of a vanishing external force. Superfluidity can exist in the central region of the Brillouin zone in the presence of a repulsive interaction, beyond which Landau instability takes place where the system can lower its energy by making a transition into states with smaller Bloch wavenumbers. In the outer part of the region of Landau instability, the Bloch waves are also dynamically unstable in the sense that a small initial deviation grows exponentially in time. In the inner region of Landau instability, a Bloch wave is dynamically stable in the absence of persistent external perturbations. Experimental implications of our findings will be discussed. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, B (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Wu, Biao/B-3329-2008; Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 OI Wu, Biao/0000-0001-9229-5894; NR 76 TC 165 Z9 167 U1 5 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 5 AR 104 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/5/1/104 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706XE UT WOS:000184479700002 ER PT J AU Ware, R Carpenter, R Guldner, J Liljegren, J Nehrkorn, T Solheim, F Vandenberghe, F AF Ware, R Carpenter, R Guldner, J Liljegren, J Nehrkorn, T Solheim, F Vandenberghe, F TI A multichannel radiometric profiler of temperature, humidity, and cloud liquid SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE microwave radiometer; thermodynamic profiling; weather forecasting ID WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER AB [1] A microwave radiometer is described that provides continuous thermodynamic (temperature, water vapor, and moisture) soundings during clear and cloudy conditions. The radiometric profiler observes radiation intensity at 12 microwave frequencies, along with zenith infrared and surface meteorological measurements. Historical radiosonde and neural network or regression methods are used for profile retrieval. We compare radiometric, radiosonde, and forecast soundings and evaluate the accuracy of radiometric temperature and water vapor soundings on the basis of statistical comparison with radiosonde soundings. We find that radiometric soundings are equivalent in accuracy to radiosonde soundings when used in numerical weather forecasting. A case study is described that demonstrates improved fog forecasting on the basis of variational assimilation of radiometric soundings. The accuracy of radiometric cloud liquid soundings is evaluated by comparison with cloud liquid sensors carried by radiosondes. Accurate high-resolution three-dimensional water vapor and wind analysis is described on the basis of assimilation of simulated thermodynamic and wind soundings along with GPS slant delays. Examples of mobile thermodynamic and wind profilers are shown. Thermodynamic profiling, particularly when combined with wind profiling and slant GPS, provides continuous atmospheric soundings for improved weather and dispersion forecasting. C1 Radiometr Corp, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Weather Decis Technol Inc, Norman, OK 73069 USA. German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, D-15848 Lindenberg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ware, R (reprint author), Radiometr Corp, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, 2840 Wilderness Pl G, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 30 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 4 AR 8079 DI 10.1029/2002RS002856 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 710ZC UT WOS:000184711800002 ER PT J AU Moutinho, HR Albin, D Yan, Y Dhere, RG Li, X Perkins, C Jiang, CS To, B Al-Jassim, MM AF Moutinho, HR Albin, D Yan, Y Dhere, RG Li, X Perkins, C Jiang, CS To, B Al-Jassim, MM TI Deposition and properties of CBD and CSSUS thin films for solar cell application SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE cadmium sulfide; close-spaced sublimation; chemical-bath deposition ID CDTE; MICROSTRUCTURE; FABRICATION AB We deposited cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films using the chemical-bath deposition (CBD) and close-spaced sublimation (CSS) techniques. The films were then treated in CdCl2 vapor at 400 degreesC for 5 min. The CSS US films had hexagonal structure, and good crystallinity. The CdCl2 treatment did not produce major changes, but there was a decrease in the density of planar defects. The untreated CBD US films had cubic structure and poorer crystallinity than the CSS films. After the CdCl2 treatment, these films recrystallized to the hexagonal phase, resulting in better crystallinity and a lower density of planar defects. The conformal coverage and the presence of bulk oxygen are the key issues in making the CBD films more suitable for photovoltaic applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Moutinho, HR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 167 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 NR 19 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 31 PY 2003 VL 436 IS 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00646-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 697LY UT WOS:000183945700005 ER PT J AU Song, J Wesely, ML AF Song, J Wesely, ML TI On comparison of modeled surface flux variations to aircraft observations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE footprint; eddy covariance; aircraft; land surface model; latent heat flux; sensible heat flux ID ESTIMATING WATERSHED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FIFE SITE; PART I; CASES-97; PASS AB Evaluation of models of air-surface exchange is facilitated by an accurate match of areas simulated with those seen by micrometeorological flux measurements. Here, spatial variations in fluxes estimated with the parameterized subgrid-scale surface (PASS) flux model were compared to flux variations seen aboard aircraft above the Walnut River Watershed (WRW) in Kansas. Despite interference by atmospheric eddies, the areas where the modeled sensible and latent heat fluxes were most highly correlated with the aircraft flux estimates were upwind of the flight segments. To assess whether applying a footprint function to the surface values would improve the model evaluation, a two-dimensional correlation distribution was used to identify the locations and relative importance of contributing modeled surface pixels upwind of each segment of the flight path. The agreement between modeled surface fluxes and aircraft measurements was improved when upwind fluxes were weighted with an optimized footprint parameter phi, which can be estimated from wind profiler data and surface eddy covariance. Variations of the flight-observed flux were consistently greater than those modeled at the surface, perhaps because of the smoothing effect of using 1 km pixels in the model. In addition, firnited. flight legs prevented sufficient filtering of the effects of atmospheric convection, possibly accounting for some of the more prominent changes in fluxes measured along the flight paths. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 159 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00042-X PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694QH UT WOS:000183785100003 ER PT J AU Ivanic, J Ruedenberg, K AF Ivanic, J Ruedenberg, K TI A MCSCF method for ground and excited states based on full optimizations of successive Jacobi rotations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electronic structure theory; variation principle orbital optimization; Jacobi-rotation based minimization; multi-configuration self-consistent field method (MCSCF) ID GENERALIZED BRILLOUIN THEOREM; MULTICONFIGURATION WAVEFUNCTIONS; ORBITAL OPTIMIZATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MATRIX; SCF; CL AB A new multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) method based on successive optimizations of Jacobi rotation angles is presented. For given one- and two-particle density matrices and an initial set of corresponding integrals, a technique is developed for the determination of a Jacobi angle for the mixing of two orbitals, such that the exact energy, written as a function of the angle, is fully minimized. Determination of the energy-minimizing orbitals for given density matrices is accomplished by successive optimization and updating of Jacobi angles and integrals. The total MCSCF energy is minimized by alternating between CI and orbital optimization steps. Efficiency is realized by optimizing CI and orbital vectors quasi-simultaneously by not fully optimizing each in each improvement step. On the basis of the Jacobi-rotation based approach, a novel MCSCF procedure is formulated for excited states, which avoids certain shortcomings of traditional excited-state MCSCF methods. Applications to specific systems show the practicability of the developed methods. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ivanic, J (reprint author), NCI, Canc Res & Dev Ctr, POB B, Frederick, MD 21792 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1250 EP 1262 DI 10.1002/jcc.10291 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 695CF UT WOS:000183813000011 PM 12820133 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, RK Lim, BS Glaser, T Holm, RH Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Szilagyi, RK Lim, BS Glaser, T Holm, RH Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Description of the ground state wave functions of Ni dithiolenes using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; CORRECT ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; METAL-LIGAND COVALENCY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION COMPOUNDS; NICKEL DITHIOLENES AB The pterin-dithiolene cofactor is an essential component of the catalytic sites of all molybdoenzymes except nitrogenase. Understanding its bonding to transition metals allows for development of electronic structure/function correlations in catalysis. The electronic structure description for a series of bis(dithiolene) complexes ([NiL2](z), L = 1,2-Me2C2S2; Z = 2-, 1 -, 0) using sulfur XAS provides the basis for extension to the biologically relevant metal-containing dithiolenes. The transition dipole integral has been developed for the dithiolene sulfur through correlation of XAS pre-edge energy positions of sulfide-, thiolate-, and enedithiolate-S. The ground state wave functions of all three NiL2 complexes have more than 50% S character experimentally demonstrating the noninnocent behavior of the dithiolene ligand. The S K-edge experimental results are correlated with spin-unrestricted, broken-symmetry density functional calculations. These show only limited spin polarization in the neutral complex and delocalized, ligand based ground states for the mono- and dianionic complexes. These XAS and DFT results are correlated with other spectroscopic features and provide insight into reactivity. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM holm@chemistry.harvard.edu; Hedman@SLAC.Stanford.Edu; Hodgson@SLAC.Stanford.EDU; Edward.Solomon@Stanford.EDU RI Szilagyi, Robert/G-9268-2012; Glaser, Thorsten/H-5187-2013 OI Szilagyi, Robert/0000-0002-9314-6222; Glaser, Thorsten/0000-0003-2056-7701 FU NCRR NIH HHS [NIH RR 01209]; PHS HHS [NIH 28856] NR 79 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 30 BP 9158 EP 9169 DI 10.1021/ja029806k PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 704WT UT WOS:000184364500049 PM 15369373 ER PT J AU Giedt, J AF Giedt, J TI Optical unification SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE coupling unification; four-dimensional string models ID SUPERSTRING STANDARD MODEL; GAUGE COUPLING UNIFICATION; ABELIAN FLAT DIRECTIONS; STRING UNIFICATION; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; D-TERMS; CONDENSATION; PREDICTION; GUTS; LEP AB We discuss string scale unification facilitated by exotic matter with masses at intermediate scales, between the observable sector supersymmetry breaking scale and the string scale. We point out a mechanism by which string scale unification may occur while producing a (lower) virtual unification scale independent of the location of the intermediate scale and the value of the string coupling. The apparent unification obtained by extra, polating low energy gauge couplings is not accidental when this mechanism is invoked; virtual unification is robust. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Giedt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 50A-5101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 30 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 23 BP 1625 EP 1633 DI 10.1142/S0217732303011514 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 705KN UT WOS:000184394400006 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZT Saengkerdsub, S Dai, S AF Zhang, ZT Saengkerdsub, S Dai, S TI Intersurface ion-imprinting synthesis on layered mazadifte hosts SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; EPOXY POLYMER; MAGADIITE; SURFACE; SILICA; CLAY; SORBENTS; BINDING AB A new methodology has been developed to provide effective functionalization of the intersurfaces of ordered, crystalline, layered magadiite via an imprinting synthesis. Although the surface imprinting has been conducted successfully on a variety of substrates, no report has appeared on imprinting synthesis on the intergalleries of the layered materials. This methodology has resulted in a simplified experimental procedure for functionalizing layered silicates with good control of the distributions of functional ligands on magadiite. Our results demonstrate that the imprint-functionalized magadiite has better selectivity and a higher capacity for metal-ion templates than the nonimprinted analogue. The possibility of continuous variation of the basal spacing and the crystalline structures of the layered materials highlight a new opportunity for conducting imprinting synthesis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 15 BP 2921 EP 2925 DI 10.1021/cm034162g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 705DF UT WOS:000184379900012 ER PT J AU Lurio, L Kim, H Ruhm, A Basu, J Lal, J Sinha, S Mochrie, SGJ AF Lurio, L Kim, H Ruhm, A Basu, J Lal, J Sinha, S Mochrie, SGJ TI Surface tension and surface roughness of supported polystyrene films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; CAPILLARY WAVES; LIQUID INTERFACES; SCATTERING; ENERGY AB Surface-diffuse X-ray scattering has been measured from a series of polystyrene (PS) films supported on oxide-terminated Si substrates. Films of thicknesses ranging from 84 to 359 nm were investigated over a temperature range from 120 to 180 degreesC, all above the bulk PS glass transition temperature. The surface tension was extracted from the absolute intensity of diffuse scattering. The values show a slight excess of the surface tension (similar to20%) over the bulk material. Capillary wave theory is used to describe the observed diffuse scattering down to in-plane length scales of 2 nm, the limit of our resolution. The total surface roughness exceeds the value that would be expected from capillary wave theory, indicating the presence of excess roughness at length scales less than 2 nm. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 121724, South Korea. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM lurio@physics.niu.edu NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 15 BP 5704 EP 5709 DI 10.1021/ma0341891 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 705MJ UT WOS:000184398600037 ER PT J AU Stancik, CM Pople, JA Trollsas, M Lindner, P Hedrick, JL Gast, AP AF Stancik, CM Pople, JA Trollsas, M Lindner, P Hedrick, JL Gast, AP TI Impact of core architecture on solution properties of dendrimer-like star copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; DRUG-DELIVERY APPLICATIONS; POWER-LAW APPROACH; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SITE-ISOLATION; BRANCHED MACROMOLECULES; ORDERING PHENOMENA; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; SEMIDILUTE SOLUTIONS AB We present a small-angle neutron scattering study of a series of isomeric dendrimer-like star copolymers investigated in solution. Each copolymer consists of a highly branched core with linear partially deuterated polymer chains emanating from the outermost generation to create a starlike copolymer. By studying the copolymers in solvents contrast matched to the outer starlike chains, we focus our study on the effects of the core branching architecture. In our dilute solution data analysis we use models to obtain analytical expressions for the form factor of the copolymer cores. We find the core radius of gyration and fractal dimension depend on the core branching architecture. From our semidilute data we obtain experimental structure factors and see evidence of liquidlike structuring in some copolymers. Thus, the architectural features of these isomeric copolymers have an impact on both the conformation of and interactions between these molecules in solution. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Gast, AP (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 71 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 29 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 15 BP 5765 EP 5775 DI 10.1021/ma021450+ PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 705MJ UT WOS:000184398600045 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG El-Kady, I AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG El-Kady, I TI Experimental observation of photonic-crystal emission near a photonic band edge SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAP; LIGHT AB A three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal is realized with a photonic band edge at lambdasimilar to4 mum wavelength. Its thermal emission is suppressed in the band gap regime and, at the same time, exhibits sharp peaks near the band edge. It is further observed that energy conversion efficiency from one side of the sample reaches etasimilar to40%. This finding is attributed to a complete metallic photonic band gap in the infrared (lambdagreater than or equal to6 mum) and the enhanced density of photon states near the band edge of our tungsten photonic crystal. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0603,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 NR 15 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 593 EP 595 DI 10.1063/1.1594263 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704JM UT WOS:000184336600001 ER PT J AU Liao, XZ Zhou, F Lavernia, EJ Srinivasan, SG Baskes, MI He, DW Zhu, YT AF Liao, XZ Zhou, F Lavernia, EJ Srinivasan, SG Baskes, MI He, DW Zhu, YT TI Deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline Al: Partial dislocation slip SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; LENGTH-SCALE; METALS; NUCLEATION AB We report experimental observation of a deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline face-centered-cubic Al, partial dislocation emission from grain boundaries, which consequently resulted in deformation stacking faults (SFs) and twinning. These results are surprising because (1) partial dislocation emission from grain boundaries has not been experimentally observed although it has been predicted by simulations and (2) deformation stacking faults and twinning have not been reported in Al due to its high SF energy. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Liao, XZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758 NR 21 TC 272 Z9 282 U1 11 U2 83 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 632 EP 634 DI 10.1063/1.1594836 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704JM UT WOS:000184336600014 ER PT J AU Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Metzger, WK Johnston, SW AF Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Metzger, WK Johnston, SW TI Trap-dominated minority-carrier recombination in GaInNAs pn junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; DEEP LEVELS; N JUNCTION; INGAASN; GENERATION; NITROGEN; GAAS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We use dark current-voltage measurements on GaInNAs pn junctions as a direct probe of the dominant recombination mechanism in this material. The dark current is dominated by recombination through traps. Using the classic theory of Sah, Noyce, and Shockley, we deduce trap energies and carrier capture lifetimes as a function of band gap E-g. The trap energy is found to be roughly constant at similar to0.4 eV below the conduction band or above the valence band as E-g decreases from similar to1.1 to 0.9 eV with increasing [N]. Concomitantly, the capture lifetimes decrease from 5 to 0.08 ns. This rapid decrease has important implications for performance of high-[N] minority-carrier devices. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Friedman, DJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 698 EP 700 DI 10.1063/1.1596711 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704JM UT WOS:000184336600036 ER PT J AU Kresin, V Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S AF Kresin, V Ovchinnikov, Y Wolf, S TI "Giant" Josephson proximity effect SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; T-C AB The "giant" Josephson current through the superconductor-normal-superconductor (S-N-'-S) junction where the barrier N-' is an underdoped cuprate is explained. The thickness of N-' greatly exceeds the coherence length. The origin of this phenomenon is related to the origin of the metallic pseudogap state. The ability of a giant barrier to transfer a Josephson current is due to the inhomogeneous nature of the barrier and the presence of the superconducting "islands" embedded in the normal metallic matrix. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117332, Russia. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Kresin, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 722 EP 724 DI 10.1063/1.1596732 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 704JM UT WOS:000184336600044 ER PT J AU Jang, GW Jeong, JH Kim, YY Sheen, D Park, C Kim, MN AF Jang, GW Jeong, JH Kim, YY Sheen, D Park, C Kim, MN TI Checkerboard-free topology optimization using non-conforming finite elements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE topology optimization; checkerboard; non-conforming finite element ID PLANAR LINEAR ELASTICITY; DESIGN AB The objective of the present study is to show that the numerical instability characterized by checkerboard patterns can be completely controlled when non-conforming four-node finite elements are employed. Since the convergence of the non-conforming finite element is independent of the Lame parameters, the stiffness of the non-conforming element exhibits correct limiting behaviour, which is desirable in prohibiting the unwanted formation of checkerboards in topology optimization. We employ the homogenization method to show the checkerboard-free property of the non-conforming element in topology optimization problems and verify it with three typical optimization examples. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Res Initiat Ctr Multiscale Design, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Math, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Shinlim Dong San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM yykim@snu.ac.kr RI Sheen, Dongwoo/B-3890-2014 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUL 28 PY 2003 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1717 EP 1735 DI 10.1002/nme.738 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 706NH UT WOS:000184459400004 ER PT J AU Chiang, MH Williams, CW Soderholm, L Antonio, MR AF Chiang, MH Williams, CW Soderholm, L Antonio, MR TI Coordination of actinide ions in Wells-Dawson heteropolyoxoanion complexes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE actinides; electrostatic interactions; lanthanides; polyoxometalates; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; RARE-EARTH IONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; PHOSPHOTUNGSTATE; LANTHANIDE(III); DIFFRACTION; EXTRACTION; HYDRATION; ELEMENTS AB Although many low-valent ((III), (IV)) actinide (An) ions are known to form coordination complexes with the alpha-2 isomer of the lacunary Wells-Dawson polyoxoanion, [P2W17O61](10-), there is little structural information about the An-O interactions, particularly in solution. We have probed the An-O coordination environment for the series of clusters [An(alpha-2P(2)W(17)O(61))(2)] (n-) with An(4+) (Th4+, U4+, Np4+, Pu4+) and An(3+) (Np3+, Pu3+, Am3+) in both solution and solid phases using Xray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Comparisons are made with the lanthanide (Ln) coordination environments in the series of 4f-ion clusters, [Ln(n+)(alpha-2-P2W17O61)(2)](n-20), and with the related monovacant Lindqvist anions, [Ln(n+)(W5O18)(2)] (n-12), for n = 3, 4. The average An-O-8 and Ln-O-8 distances correlate with their cationic VIII-coordinate ionic radii, indicating that the An and Ln ions have indistinguishable coordination behavior. Metrical details are consistent with simple charge and size considerations for both trivalent and tetravalent An ions as well as Ln ions coordinated with alpha-2-[P2W17O61](10-) and [W5O18](6-). This result is contrasted to trends established for these f-ions coordinated to the Preyssler anion [Ln(n+)P(5)W(30)O(110)](n-15). (C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/E-2044-2015 OI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-7632-9369 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 IS 14 BP 2663 EP 2669 DI 10.1002/ejic.200300014 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 707FZ UT WOS:000184501100016 ER PT J AU Jalil, PA Faiz, M Tabet, N Hamdan, NM Hussain, Z AF Jalil, PA Faiz, M Tabet, N Hamdan, NM Hussain, Z TI A study of the stability of tungstophosphoric acid, H3PW12O40, using synchrotron XPS, XANES, hexane cracking, XRD, and IR spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED HETEROPOLY ACIDS; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; SILICA; NMR; OXIDATION AB Tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) has been investigated using different spectroscopic and chemical techniques. Bulk-sensitive techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicate that the acid is stable at temperatures as high as 300 degreesC or higher. However, our work suggests that, besides the surface dehydration, HPW starts loosing stability at temperatures as low as 200 degreesC. For instance, P 2p peak was not detected in the synchrotron radiation XPS spectrum of HPW preheated at 100 degreesC, but was clearly observed after preheating the acid at 200 and 400 degreesC. This suggests the destruction of the molecules of the surface leading to the apparent enrichment of surface with phosphorous. These results may explain why HPW deactivates very fast, e.g., 8 min at 200 degreesC, in hexane-cracking experiments. This could limit the use of HPW in surface reactions that even require moderate temperatures. Detailed infrared spectroscopic investigation of the HPW as a function of temperature showed a gradual increase in absorbance of the W-O-W corner-shared vibration relative to the absorbance of the other bands. This indicates that the symmetry, and hence the stability, of the molecule was decreased upon heating. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Chem, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Phys, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jalil, PA (reprint author), King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Chem, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 217 IS 2 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00066-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 689NT UT WOS:000183500400006 ER PT J AU Trattner, KJ Fuselier, SA Peterson, WK Chang, SW Friedel, R Aellig, MR AF Trattner, KJ Fuselier, SA Peterson, WK Chang, SW Friedel, R Aellig, MR TI Reply to comment on "Origins of energetic ions in the cusp'' by R. Sheldon, J. Chen, and T. A. Fritz SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE cusp; energetic ions; ion acceleration ID EARTHS BOW SHOCK; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOSHEATH; UPSTREAM; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; SIMULATION; INJECTION; LATITUDE; EVENTS C1 Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Trattner, KJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, 3251 Hanover St,B255,L9-42, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A7 AR 1303 DI 10.1029/2002JA009781 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 710UJ UT WOS:000184700000002 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Wirth, BD Odette, GR AF Miller, MK Wirth, BD Odette, GR TI Precipitation in neutron-irradiated Fe-Cu and Fe-Cu-Mn model alloys: a comparison of APT and SANS data SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Field Emission Symposium (FIELD EMISSION 2001) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE atom probe; small-angle neutron scattering; microstructural characterization; neutron irradiation; precipitation ID PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS AB The size, number density and compositions of ultrafine copper-manganese precipitates that form in Fe-0.80at.% Cu and Fe-0.78at.% Cu-1.05at.% Mn model alloys that were neutron irradiated to a fluence of similar to1 X 10(23) nm(-2) (E > I MeV) at 288 degreesC have been estimated by atom probe tomography and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. The number density of precipitates was approximately an order of magnitude higher in the Fe-Cu-Mn alloy than in the Fe-Cu alloy. A direct comparison of the microstructural parameters estimated by each technique revealed good agreement between the radii of gyration and the number densities. However, the copper content in precipitates inferred from SANS was significantly higher than estimated from the atom probe results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal & Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal & Microstruct Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 19 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 139 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00679-2 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00679-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 691LE UT WOS:000183607100023 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Kenik, EA Russell, KF Heatherly, L Hoelzer, DT Maziasz, PJ AF Miller, MK Kenik, EA Russell, KF Heatherly, L Hoelzer, DT Maziasz, PJ TI Atom probe tomography of nanoscale particles in ODS ferritic alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th International Field Emission Symposium (FIELD EMISSION 2001) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2001 CL BERLIN, GERMANY DE atom probe; mechanical alloying; microstructural characterization; precipitation; segregation; dislocations ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STEELS; OXYGEN AB An atom probe tomography characterization of the microstructure of as-processed and crept mechanically-alloyed, oxide-dispersion-strengthened (MA/ODS) ferritic alloys has been performed. The significant enrichments of Cr, W, Ti, Y, 0, C and B in the vicinity of dislocations and the presence of ultrastable 4-nm-diameter Ti-, Y- and O-enriched particles appears to be responsible for their improved high temperature mechanical properties. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal & Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal & Microstruct Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 11 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 9 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 353 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 145 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00680-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00680-9 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 691LE UT WOS:000183607100024 ER PT J AU Abazajian, KN Dodelson, S AF Abazajian, KN Dodelson, S TI Neutrino mass and dark energy from weak lensing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; POWER SPECTRUM; WEIGHING NEUTRINOS; GALAXIES; SUPERNOVAE; CONSTANT; UNIVERSE; SCALES; LIMITS; MATTER AB Weak gravitational lensing of background galaxies by intervening matter directly probes the mass distribution in the Universe. This distribution is sensitive to both the dark energy and neutrino mass. We examine the potential of lensing experiments to measure features of both simultaneously. Focusing on the radial information contained in a future deep 4000 deg(2) survey, we find that the expected (1-sigma) error on a neutrino mass is 0.1 eV, if the dark-energy parameters are allowed to vary. The constraints on dark-energy parameters are similarly restrictive, with errors on w of 0.09. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 44 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 041301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.041301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300005 PM 12906650 ER PT J AU Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Braun-Munzinger, P Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Esumi, SI Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kushpil, V Lenkeit, B Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Milov, A Miskowiec, D Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Richter, M Sako, H Schmitz, W Sedykh, S Seipp, W Sharma, A Shimansky, S Slivova, J Specht, HJ Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Xie, W Yurevich, S Yurevich, V AF Adamova, D Agakichiev, G Appelshauser, H Belaga, V Braun-Munzinger, P Cherlin, A Damjanovic, S Dietel, T Dietrich, L Drees, A Esumi, SI Filimonov, K Fomenko, K Fraenkel, Z Garabatos, C Glassel, P Hering, G Holeczek, J Kushpil, V Lenkeit, B Maas, A Marin, A Milosevic, J Milov, A Miskowiec, D Panebrattsev, Y Petchenova, O Petracek, V Pfeiffer, A Rak, J Ravinovich, I Rehak, P Richter, M Sako, H Schmitz, W Sedykh, S Seipp, W Sharma, A Shimansky, S Slivova, J Specht, HJ Stachel, J Sumbera, M Tilsner, H Tserruya, I Wessels, JP Wienold, T Windelband, B Wurm, JP Xie, W Yurevich, S Yurevich, V CA CERES NA45 Collaboration TI Enhanced production of low-mass electron-positron pairs in 40-AGeV Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SUPER PROTON SYNCHROTRON; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; RHO-MESON; DILEPTONS; SPECTROMETER; RESTORATION; MATTER; GEV/C AB We report on first measurements of low-mass electron-positron pairs in Pb-Au collisions at the CERN SPS beam energy of 40 AGeV. The observed pair yield integrated over the range of invariant masses 0.2e(+)e(-) annihilation with a modified rho propagator. They may be linked to chiral symmetry restoration and support the notion that the in-medium modifications of the rho are more driven by baryon density than by temperature. C1 NPI ASCR, Rez, Czech Republic. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. JINR, Dubna, Russia. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP NPI ASCR, Rez, Czech Republic. RI Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 NR 24 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 042301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.042301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300007 PM 12906652 ER PT J AU Bushaw, BA Nortershauser, W Ewald, G Dax, A Drake, GWF AF Bushaw, BA Nortershauser, W Ewald, G Dax, A Drake, GWF TI Hyperfine splitting, isotope shift, and level energy of the 3S states of Li-6,Li-7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; RESONANCE LINES; CHARGE RADIUS; LI-I; LITHIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; LASERS; IONS; FINE AB We study the 2S-3S transition of Li-6,Li-7 by high-precision laser spectroscopy using two-photon Doppler-free excitation and photoionization detection. Interferometric cross referencing to metrologic Rb 3S-5D two-photon transitions allowed measurement of the transition isotope shift and hyperfine splitting in the 3S state with precision at the 30 kHz level. The results are IS=11 453.734(30) MHz, A(3S)(Li-6)=35.263(15) MHz, and A(3S)(Li-7)=93.106(11) MHz. Combined with recent theoretical work, the isotope shift yields a new value for the change in squared nuclear charge radii DeltaR(2)=0.47(5) fm(2). This is compared with other work and some existing discrepancies are resolved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Bushaw, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 26 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.043004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300011 PM 12906656 ER PT J AU Ostrom, H Triguero, L Nyberg, M Ogasawara, H Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A AF Ostrom, H Triguero, L Nyberg, M Ogasawara, H Pettersson, LGM Nilsson, A TI Bonding of saturated hydrocarbons to metal surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-OCTANE; CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS; C-H; CYCLOHEXANE; ADSORPTION; ALKANES; CU(111); SPECTROSCOPY; CYCLOPROPANE; REACTIVITY AB The adsorption of octane on Cu(110) was studied by x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopy, in combination with spectrum calculations in the framework of density functional theory, as a model system for alkane adsorption on transition metals. Significant electron sharing between the adsorbate and metal surface and involvement of both bonding and antibonding C-H molecular orbitals in the molecule-metal bond was found. The calculations were extended to the case of octane adsorbed on Ni(110), and the position of the metal d band was found to be important for the bonding. The results were generalized to show that this is important for the efficiency as an alkane dehydrogenation catalyst. C1 Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. KTH Syd, SE-13640 Haninge, Sweden. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, FYSIKUM, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM nilsson@slac.stanford.edu RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pettersson, Lars/F-8428-2011; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 046102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.046102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300033 PM 12906678 ER PT J AU Peterka, DS Lindinger, A Poisson, L Ahmed, M Neumark, DM AF Peterka, DS Lindinger, A Poisson, L Ahmed, M Neumark, DM TI Photoelectron imaging of helium droplets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-HELIUM; ELECTRON BUBBLE; ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; SUPERFLUID HE-4; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; ATOMS; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; DETACHMENT AB The photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy of He nanodroplets (10(4) atoms) has been studied by photoelectron imaging with photon energies from 22.5-24.5 eV. Total electron yield measurements reveal broad features, whose onset is similar to1.5 eV below the ionization potential of atomic He. The photoelectron spectra are dominated by very low energy electrons, with less than 0.6 meV. These results are attributed to the formation and autoionization of highly vibrationally excited He-n* Rydberg states within the cluster, followed by strong final state interactions between the photoelectron and the droplet. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Peterka, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI POISSON, Lionel/A-6669-2008; Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI POISSON, Lionel/0000-0002-7131-968X; Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.043401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300012 PM 12906657 ER PT J AU Schnell, M Gwinner, G Badnell, NR Bannister, ME Bohm, S Colgan, J Kieslich, S Loch, SD Mitnik, D Muller, A Pindzola, MS Schippers, S Schwalm, D Shi, W Wolf, A Zhou, SG AF Schnell, M Gwinner, G Badnell, NR Bannister, ME Bohm, S Colgan, J Kieslich, S Loch, SD Mitnik, D Muller, A Pindzola, MS Schippers, S Schwalm, D Shi, W Wolf, A Zhou, SG TI Observation of trielectronic recombination in Be-like Cl ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION AB Recombination involving the core excitation of two electrons, which may be termed trielectronic recombination, has been experimentally identified for the first time. Using Cl13+ ions circulating in the TSR heavy-ion storage ring, we have observed surprisingly strong low-energy trielectronic recombination resonances, comparable to the dielectronic process. At higher electron-ion collision energies, trielectronic recombination is suppressed due to the autoionization of the triply excited intermediate state into excited final states. The formation of the intermediate state depends sensitively on configuration mixing, making trielectronic recombination a challenge to atomic-structure calculations. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Schnell, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Zhou, Shan-Gui/B-3058-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Zhou, Shan-Gui/0000-0003-4753-3325; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929 NR 12 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.043001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300008 PM 12906653 ER PT J AU Volkov, VV Zhu, Y AF Volkov, VV Zhu, Y TI Phase imaging and nanoscale currents in phase objects imaged with fast electrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OF-INTENSITY EQUATION; HOLOGRAPHY; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT AB We derive the magnetic transport-of-intensity equation (MTIE) that links defocused contrast of magnetic nanoobjects imaged by partially coherent electron waves to their micromagnetic parameters. This provides Maxwell's explanation for observable contrast in terms of the Z component of currents existing around vortices in superconductors and domain vortices and walls in ferromagnets. The solution of the MTIE via Fourier transform is used for quantitative mapping of magnetic flux and projected induction in magnetic and superconducting materials imaged by Lorentz microscopy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkov, VV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 043904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.043904 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300016 PM 12906661 ER PT J AU Yeo, S Nakatsuji, S Bianchi, AD Schlottmann, P Fisk, Z Balicas, L Stampe, PA Kennedy, RJ AF Yeo, S Nakatsuji, S Bianchi, AD Schlottmann, P Fisk, Z Balicas, L Stampe, PA Kennedy, RJ TI First-order transition from a Kondo insulator to a ferromagnetic metal in single crystalline FeSi1-xGex SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; FESI; SEMICONDUCTORS; FEGE; GAP; GE AB The phase diagram of FeSi1-xGex, obtained from magnetic, thermal, and transport measurements on single crystals, shows a discontinuous transition from Kondo insulator to ferromagnetic metal with x at a critical concentration, x(c)approximate to0.25. The gap of the insulating phase strongly decreases with x. The specific heat gamma coefficient appears to track the density of states of a Kondo insulator. The phase diagram is consistent with an insulator-metal transition induced by a reduction of the hybridization with x in conjunction with disorder on the Si/Ge ligand site. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Yeo, S (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Schlottmann, Pedro/G-1579-2013; Kennedy, Robin/K-6440-2013; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 AR 046401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.046401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 704ZR UT WOS:000184372300034 PM 12906679 ER PT J AU Santer, BD Wehner, MF Wigley, TML Sausen, R Meehl, GA Taylor, KE Ammann, C Arblaster, J Washington, WM Boyle, JS Bruggemann, W AF Santer, BD Wehner, MF Wigley, TML Sausen, R Meehl, GA Taylor, KE Ammann, C Arblaster, J Washington, WM Boyle, JS Bruggemann, W TI Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height changes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; REANALYSES; MODEL; UNCERTAINTIES AB Observations indicate that the height of the tropopause-the boundary between the stratosphere and troposphere-has increased by several hundred meters since 1979. Comparable increases are evident in climate model experiments. The latter show that human-induced changes in ozone and well-mixed greenhouse gases account for similar to80% of the simulated rise in tropopause height over 1979-1999. Their primary contributions are through cooling of the stratosphere (caused by ozone) and warming of the troposphere (caused by well-mixed greenhouse gases). A model-predicted fingerprint of tropopause height changes is statistically detectable in two different observational ("reanalysis") data sets. This positive detection result allows us to attribute overall tropopause height changes to a combination of anthropogenic and natural external forcings, with the anthropogenic component predominating. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Santer, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363 NR 32 TC 225 Z9 255 U1 10 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5632 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1126/science.1084123 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704LE UT WOS:000184340500032 PM 12881562 ER PT J AU Petit, L Svane, A Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM AF Petit, L Svane, A Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM TI First-principles calculations of PuO2 +/- x SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; WATER AB The electronic structure of PuO2+/-x was studied using first-principles quantum mechanics, realized with the self-interaction corrected local spin density method. In the stoichiometric PuO2 compound, Pu occurs in the Pu(IV) oxidation state, corresponding to a localized f(4) shell. If oxygen is introduced onto the octahedral interstitial site, the nearby Pu atoms turn into Pu(V) (f(3)) by transferring electrons to the oxygen. Oxygen vacancies cause Pu(III) (f(5)) to form by taking up electrons released by oxygen. At T=0, the PuO2 compound is stable with respect to free oxygen, but the delicate energy balance suggests the possible deterioration of the material during long-term storage. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Svane, A (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; OI Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 18 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 25 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5632 BP 498 EP 501 DI 10.1126/science.1086505 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704LE UT WOS:000184340500037 PM 12881566 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MB Iron, MA Redfern, PC Martin, JML Curtiss, LA Radom, L AF Sullivan, MB Iron, MA Redfern, PC Martin, JML Curtiss, LA Radom, L TI Heats of formation of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides: Surprisingly demanding targets for high-level ab initio procedures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GAUSSIAN-3X G3X THEORY; CATION AFFINITY SCALE; ZERO-POINT ENERGIES; 3RD-ROW ATOMS K; GAS-PHASE; BASIS-SETS; COUPLED-CLUSTER; HARTREE-FOCK AB High-level ab initio calculations, including variants of the Wn and G3 procedures, have been used to determine the structures and heats of formation of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides (M2O, MOH: M = Li, Na, and K; MO, M(OH)(2): M = Be, Mg, and Ca). Our best structures were obtained at the CCSD(T)(riv,rv)/aug'-cc-pWCVQZ level and are in uniformly close agreement with available experimental data, with a mean absolute deviation from experimental metal-oxygen bond lengths of just 0.007 Angstrom. Structures obtained with CCSD(T)/cc-pWCVQZ, B3-LYP/cc-pVTZ, B3-LYP/6-31 G(2df,p), and MP2(full)/6-311+G(3df,2p) are also in good agreement with experiment. Zero-point vibrational energies and enthalpy temperature corrections are found to be relatively insensitive to the various procedures employed. However, the heats of formation for these molecules are challenging targets for high-level ab initio procedures. In the Wn-type procedures, it is found that expanding the correlation space on the metal atoms from the normal relaxed valence (rv) (or frozen-core) specification to relaxed inner valence (riv) requires the use of newly developed core-valence basis sets (cc-pWCVnZ) in the extrapolation calculations to obtain reliable results. Our best calculated heats of formation (DeltaH(f) (298)) come from a procedure designated W2C//ACQ, while oG3[CC](dir,full) is the best of the G3-type procedures. Recommended DeltaH(f) (298) values, weighted toward the W2C//ACQ results, are -157 +/- 5 (Li2O), -25 +/- 5 (Na2O), -60 +/- 5 (K2O), +130 +/- 12 (BeO), +142 +/- 10 (MgO), +26 +/- 17 (CaO), -239 +/- 5 (LiOH), -189 +/- 5 (NaOH), -223 +/- 5 (KOH), -632 +/- 7 (Be(OH)(2)), -547 +/- 5 (Mg(OH)(2)), and -604 +/- 19 (Ca(OH)(2)) kJ mol(-1). C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60515 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Martin, JML (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM comartin@wicc.weizmann.ac.il; curtiss@anl.gov; radom@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Sullivan, Michael/B-4824-2008; Iron, Mark/K-1758-2012; Martin, Jan/A-7457-2008 OI Sullivan, Michael/0000-0001-5454-9355; Iron, Mark/0000-0001-9774-2358; Martin, Jan/0000-0002-0005-5074 NR 78 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 29 BP 5617 EP 5630 DI 10.1021/jp034851f PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 702UG UT WOS:000184242300017 ER PT J AU Fennimore, AM Yuzvinsky, TD Han, WQ Fuhrer, MS Cumings, J Zettl, A AF Fennimore, AM Yuzvinsky, TD Han, WQ Fuhrer, MS Cumings, J Zettl, A TI Rotational actuators based on carbon nanotubes SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Nanostructures are of great interest not only for their basic scientific richness, but also because they have the potential to revolutionize critical technologies. The miniaturization of electronic devices over the past century has profoundly affected human communication, computation, manufacturing and transportation systems. True molecular-scale electronic devices are now emerging that set the stage for future integrated nanoelectronics(1). Recently, there have been dramatic parallel advances in the miniaturization of mechanical and electromechanical devices(2). Commercial microelectromechanical systems now reach the submillimetre to micrometre size scale, and there is intense interest in the creation of next-generation synthetic nanometre-scale electromechanical systems(3,4). We report on the construction and successful operation of a fully synthetic nanoscale electromechanical actuator incorporating a rotatable metal plate, with a multi-walled carbon nanotube serving as the key motion-enabling element. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@physics.berkeley.edu RI Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010; Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Yuzvinsky, Thomas/0000-0001-5708-2877 NR 21 TC 771 Z9 789 U1 23 U2 153 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6947 BP 408 EP 410 DI 10.1038/nature01823 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704BT UT WOS:000184318400037 PM 12879064 ER PT J AU Sygula, A Sygula, R Ellern, A Rabideau, PW AF Sygula, A Sygula, R Ellern, A Rabideau, PW TI Novel twin corannulene: Synthesis and crystal structure determination of a dicorannulenobarrelene dicarboxylate SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMIBUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; BUCKYBOWLS; DERIVATIVES; INVERSION; CURVATURE AB [GRAPHICS] The dicorannulenobarrelene 1 was synthesized with the final step achieved by a nickel-mediated fourfold intramolecular coupling of dibromomethyl with bromomethyl groups. Low-temperature H-1 NMR spectra of 1 show a presence of three conformers with approximate populations of 0.82:0.13:0.05, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. In the crystal, 1 incorporates two CCl4 molecules and adopts the bis-exo conformation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sygula, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rabideau@iastate.edu NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 5 IS 15 BP 2595 EP 2597 DI 10.1021/ol034692i PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 703AJ UT WOS:000184257600004 PM 12868867 ER PT J AU Ambrogiani, M Andreotti, A Argiro, S Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Fan, X Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, KE Graham, M Hahn, A Jin, S Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Maas, P Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Marsh, W Martini, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Peoples, J Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, J Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Savrie, M Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Streets, J Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zioulas, G AF Ambrogiani, M Andreotti, A Argiro, S Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Fan, X Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, KE Graham, M Hahn, A Jin, S Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G Lo Vetere, M Luppi, E Maas, P Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Marsh, W Martini, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, MM Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pedlar, TK Peoples, J Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, J Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Savrie, M Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Streets, J Tomaradze, A Uman, I Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zioulas, G CA Fermilab E835 Collaboration TI Measurement of the resonance parameters of the charmonium ground state, eta(c)(1(1)S(0)) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID QCD RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; SPIN-DEPENDENT FORCES; HEAVY-QUARK SYSTEMS; 2-PHOTON COLLISIONS; PARTIAL-WIDTH; ETA(C) MESON; DECAYS; SPECTROSCOPY; RATES; MASS AB The resonance parameters of the charmonium ground state, eta(c)(1(l)S(0)), have been measured by means of the reaction (p) over barp --> eta(c) --> gammagamma. The mass and total width are determined to be 2984.1 +/- 2.1 +/- 1.0 MeV/c(2) and 20.4(-6.7)(+7.7) +/- 2.0 Mev, respectively. The product of branching ratios B((p) over barp --> eta(c))B(eta(c) --> gammagamma) is determined to be (22.4(-3.7)(+3.8) +/- 2.0) x 10(-8), from which B(eta(c) --> gammagamma) = (1.87(-0.31-0.50)(+0.32+0.95)) x 10(-4), and Gamma(eta(c) --> gammagamma) = 3.8(-1.0-1.0)(+1.1+1-9) keV are derived using B(eta(c) --> (p) over barp) (12 +/- 4) x 10(-4) from the literature. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. INFN, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Seth, KK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012 OI Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 566 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00805-0 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 703RH UT WOS:000184294400006 ER PT J AU Link, JM Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM Polycarpo, E dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Segoni, I Wahl, M Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, EE Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Wang, M Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Reyes, M Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M Cerutti, A D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Pegna, DL Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Luiggi, E Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Ramirez, JE Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM Polycarpo, E dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Segoni, I Wahl, M Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, EE Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Wang, M Benussi, L Bertani, M Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Reyes, M Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M Cerutti, A D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Pegna, DL Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Luiggi, E Mendez, H Paris, A Quinones, J Ramirez, JE Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI Studies of correlations between D and (D)over-bar mesons in high energy photoproduction SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PI-CU INTERACTIONS; PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; HEAVY-QUARK CORRELATIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; PAIR CORRELATIONS; 230 GEV/C; CHARM; HADROPRODUCTION AB Studies of D (D) over bar correlations for a large sample of events containing fully and partially reconstructed pairs of charmed D mesons recorded by the Fermilab photoproduction experiment FOCUS (FNAL-E831) are presented. Correlations between D and (D) over bar mesons are used to study heavy quark production dynamics. We present results for fully and partially reconstructed charm pairs and comparisons to a recent version of PYTHIA with default parameter settings. We also comment on the production of psi (3770) in our data. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Peaquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Guanajuato, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Dipartimento Fis Teorica & Nucl, Pavia, Italy. INFN, Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014 OI Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 566 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00808-6 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 703RH UT WOS:000184294400007 ER PT J AU Page, PR Capstick, S AF Page, PR Capstick, S TI Using pi(2)(1670)-> b(1)(1235)pi to constrain hadronic models SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE pi(2) (1670); P-3(0) model; gluon exchange; pion exchange; instanton ID HYBRID MESONS; DECAY; BREAKING AB We show that current analyses of experimental data indicate that the strong decay mode pi(2) --> b(1)pi is anomalously small. Non-relativistic quark models with spin-1 quark pair creation, such as P-3(0), S-3(1) and D-3(1) models, as well as instanton and lowest order one-boson (in this case pi) emission models, can accommodate the analyses of experimental data, because of a quark-spin selection rule. Models and effects that violate this selection rule, such as higher order one-boson emission models, as well as mixing with other Fock states, may be constrained by the small pi(2) --> b(1)pi decay. This can provide a viability check on newly proposed decay mechanisms. We show that for mesons made up of a heavy quark and anti-quark, the selection rule is exact to all orders of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) perturbation theory. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prp@lanl.gov; capstick@csit.fsu.edu RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 566 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00804-9 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 703RH UT WOS:000184294400014 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, H Lowe, J Stephenson, GJ Goldman, T AF Burkhardt, H Lowe, J Stephenson, GJ Goldman, T TI The wavelength of neutrino and neutral kaon oscillations SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE neutrinos; kaons; oscillations ID LAMBDA-OSCILLATIONS; DECAYS; MUONS AB Neutral kaons, and probably also neutrinos, exhibit oscillations between flavor eigenstates, as a result of being produced in a superposition of mass eigenstates. Several recent papers have addressed the question of the energies and momenta of the components of these states, and their effect on the coherence of the states and on the wavelength of the oscillations. We point out that the mass eigenstates need have neither equal momentum nor equal energy, but can nevertheless be coherent, and that a correct treatment of the kinematics recovers the usual result for the wavelength of the flavor oscillations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burkhardt, H (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM lowe@panda3.phys.unm.edu NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 24 PY 2003 VL 566 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00776-7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 703RH UT WOS:000184294400019 ER PT J AU Perkins, LW Klasson, KT Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR AF Perkins, LW Klasson, KT Counce, RM Bienkowski, PR TI Development of nitrolysis for excess sludge treatment: A factorial study SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID OXIDATION AB This research is focused on developing a process called nitrolysis for treatment of excess sludge from wastewater processing. In this process, the excess sludge is treated with nitric acid (up to 11 wt %) at an elevated temperature (>160 degreesC) and pressure (100 psig). The result of this treatment is a substantial conversion of the excess sludge to soluble organic. This conversion reduces the viscosity and solids content of the excess sludge stream, thus reducing the disposal costs. The products of the reaction include biodegradable organics that may be recycled to the wastewater treatment process. Other products include potentially recoverable organic acids such as acetic acid. These acids are produced at about 0.15 g/g of dry excess sludge that reacts. This study investigates the operating parameters that could improve the conversion of excess sludge to products and/or biodegradable soluble organics. The parameters used in this study included temperature, acid concentration, sludge concentration, and reaction time. An initial factorial study of these parameters indicated that the acid and sludge concentrations were the most influential in the conversion process. Increasing the acid concentration would convert more of the excess sludge to product. Although the initial study did not show a change in conversion above 160 degreesC, decreasing the temperature below 160 degreesC showed a significant decrease in the excess sludge conversion from 75% to 22%. The lower acid concentration also showed a significant drop in conversion, decreasing from >60% at 11.2 wt % acid to 10% at 0.4 wt % acid. Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon tests were used to verify the material balance around the reactor with better than 90% closure. These tests also demonstrated that the initial hydrolysis step in the biomass degradation is very rapid (<5 min). C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Perkins, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 15 BP 3544 EP 3548 DI 10.1021/ie030125n PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 703JJ UT WOS:000184276000005 ER PT J AU Fisk, Z Moreno, NO Thompson, JD AF Fisk, Z Moreno, NO Thompson, JD TI Properties of Cu-flux-grown UCu2Si2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Science Research CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI, JAPAN HO JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB Single crystals of UCu2Si2 grown from Cu flux have a 50 K antiferromagnetic transition below the 100 K ferromagnetic transition, this not being seen in polycrystalline material. We speculate on the possible reason for this. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fisk, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 28 SI SI BP S1917 EP S1921 AR PII S0953-8984(03)62917-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/28/303 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708JK UT WOS:000184563300005 ER PT J AU Kotegawa, H Kawasaki, S Harada, A Kawasaki, Y Okamoto, K Zheng, GQ Kitaoka, Y Yamamoto, E Haga, Y Onuki, Y Itoh, KM Haller, EE AF Kotegawa, H Kawasaki, S Harada, A Kawasaki, Y Okamoto, K Zheng, GQ Kitaoka, Y Yamamoto, E Haga, Y Onuki, Y Itoh, KM Haller, EE TI Unconventional superconductivity in ferromagnetic UGe2: a Ge-73 nuclear magnetic resonance/nuclear quadrupole resonance study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Science Research CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI, JAPAN HO JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST ID COEXISTENCE AB We report Ge-73 nuclear magnetic resonance/nuclear quadrupole resonance (NMR/NQR) measurements on the itinerant ferromagnetic superconductor UGe2 at ambient pressure (P = 0) and P = 1.3 GPa. Measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 of the Ge-73 NMR at P = 0 have revealed a T1T = constant behaviour well below T-Curie = 52 K, evidencing the presence of a non-zero density of states at the Fermi level for the up-and down-spin bands in the ferromagnetic state. At P = 1.3 GPa, where the ferromagnetic transition is reduced to T-Curie = 26 K, the dependence on temperature (T) of NQR 1/T-1 at zero field has demonstrated the onset of the superconducting transition at T, = 0.55 K. The lack of a coherence peak in (1/T-1) just below T,, followed by a T-3-like behaviour, provide compelling evidence for the unconventional nature of the superconducting state that coexists with the ferromagnetic state on a microscopic scale in UGe2. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Osaka Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. RI KAWASAKI, Shinji/B-2586-2011; Zheng, Guo-qing/B-1524-2011; Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 28 SI SI BP S2043 EP S2046 AR PII S0953-8984(03)62795-5 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/28/323 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708JK UT WOS:000184563300025 ER PT J AU Lindbaum, A Heathman, S Le Bihan, T Haire, RG Idiri, M Lander, GH AF Lindbaum, A Heathman, S Le Bihan, T Haire, RG Idiri, M Lander, GH TI High-pressure crystal structures of actinide elements to 100 GPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Science Research CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI, JAPAN HO JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST ID DELTA-PU; PHASE; DELOCALIZATION; ELECTRONS; PLUTONIUM; AMERICIUM AB The structural behaviour of the actinide metals with pressure is being studied using diamond-anvil cells and the high-brilliance and angle-dispersive techniques now available at the ID30 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. A review is given of recent work at room temperature and up to 100 GPa. The results illustrate clearly the difference between the earlier metals (Pa, U) and those further across the actinide series (Am, Cm, and Cf). The complex structures at atmospheric pressure of the lighter actinides are a consequence of itinerant 5f electrons, and these metals show less compressibility (i.e. exhibit larger bulk moduli) and few (if any) phase transitions under pressure. In contrast, the transplutonium metals do not have 5f electrons contributing to their cohesive energies at atmospheric pressure, are therefore `soft' (have lower bulk moduli), and show multiple phase transitions before their 5f electrons become itinerant. After delocalization of their 5f electrons due to pressure, they acquire structures displayed by the light actinides. C1 Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lindbaum, A (reprint author), Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Solid State Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10-138, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RI LE BIHAN, Tristan/I-5063-2013 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 28 SI SI BP S2297 EP S2303 AR PII S0953-8984(03)62665-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/28/371 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708JK UT WOS:000184563300073 ER PT J AU Maple, MB Ho, PC Frederick, NA Zapf, VS Yuhasz, WM Bauer, ED Christianson, AD Lacerda, AH AF Maple, MB Ho, PC Frederick, NA Zapf, VS Yuhasz, WM Bauer, ED Christianson, AD Lacerda, AH TI Superconductivity and the high-field ordered phase in the heavy-fermion compound PrOs4Sb12 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Science Research CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI, JAPAN HO JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST ID RARE-EARTH; SKUTTERUDITE STRUCTURE; FILLED SKUTTERUDITES; ELECTRON MATERIALS; TRANSITION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; PR; CE; ND AB Superconductivity is observed in the filled skutterudite compound PrOs4Sb12 below a critical temperature T-c = 1.85 K and appears to develop out of a nonmagnetic heavy Fermi liquid with an effective mass m* approximate to 50 m(e), where m(e) is the free electron mass. Features associated with a cubic crystalline electric field are present in magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements, yielding a Pr3+ energy level scheme consisting of a Gamma(3) nonmagnetic doublet ground state, a low-lying Gamma(5) triplet excited state at similar to10 K, and Gamma(4) triplet and Gamma(1) singlet excited states at much higher temperatures. Measurements also indicate that the superconducting state is unconventional and consists of two distinct superconducting phases. At high fields and low temperatures, an ordered phase of magnetic or quadrupolar origin is observed, suggesting that the superconductivity may occur in the vicinity of a magnetic or quadrupolar quantum critical point. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maple, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mbmaple@ucsd.edu RI Yuhasz, William/C-9418-2009; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016 OI Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 28 SI SI BP S2071 EP S2080 AR PII S0953-8984(03)62659-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/28/327 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708JK UT WOS:000184563300029 ER PT J AU Phillips, NE Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, JD AF Phillips, NE Fisher, RA Bouquet, F Hundley, MF Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Thompson, JD TI Specific heat of CeRhIn5: the pressure-driven transition from antiferromagnetism to heavy-fermion superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Science Research CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI, JAPAN HO JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST ID URU2SI2 AB CeRhIn5 has an unusual transition at a critical pressure of similar to15 kbar. Specific-heat data show a gradual change in the zero-field 'magnetic' anomaly from one typical of antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering at ambient pressure to one that is more characteristic of a Kondo-singlet ground state at 21 kbar. However, at 15 kbar there is a discontinuous change from an AF ground state to a superconducting ground state, with evidence of a weak thermodynamic first-order transition. For pressures near 12 kbar, there is a pressure-dependent, second-order transition. The low-energy excitations above 15 kbar are characteristic of superconductivity with line nodes in the energy gap, and with extended gapless behaviour at intermediate pressures less than 21 kbar. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Phillips, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 28 SI SI BP S2095 EP S2099 AR PII S0953-8984(03)62569-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/28/330 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708JK UT WOS:000184563300032 ER PT J AU Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Moreno, NO Morales, LA Wastin, F Rebizant, J Boulet, P Colineau, E Lander, GH AF Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Moreno, NO Morales, LA Wastin, F Rebizant, J Boulet, P Colineau, E Lander, GH TI Discovery of plutonium-based superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Science Research CY NOV 12-14, 2002 CL JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST, TOKAI, JAPAN HO JAPAN ATOM ENERGY RES INST AB The discovery of superconductivity in single crystals of PuCoGa5 with transition temperature T-c = 18.5 K is discussed. The existing data lead to the speculation that the superconductivity in PuCoGa5 may be unconventional. In such a scenario the properties of PuCoGa5 would be intermediate between those of isostructural UCoGa5 and CeCoIn5, more heavily studied f-electron materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Sarrao, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; BOULET, Pascal/D-6494-2011 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; BOULET, Pascal/0000-0003-0684-4397 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 28 SI SI BP S2275 EP S2278 AR PII S0953-8984(03)62549-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/28/368 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708JK UT WOS:000184563300070 ER PT J AU Shim, JP Striebel, KA AF Shim, JP Striebel, KA TI Characterization of high-power lithium-ion cells during constant current cycling - Part I. Cycle performance and electrochemical diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium-ion battery; cycle performance; capacity fade; impedance ID CATHODE MATERIAL; BATTERIES; IMPEDANCE; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODE AB Twelve cm(2) pouch type lithium-ion cells were assembled with graphite anodes, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes and 1 M LiPF6/EC/DEC electrolyte. These pouch cells were cycled at different depths of discharge (100 and 70% DOD) at room temperature to investigate cycle performance and pulse power capability. The capacity loss and power fade of the cells cycled over 100% DOD was significantly faster than the cell cycled over 70% DOD. The overall cell impedance increased with cycling, although the ohmic resistance from the electrolyte was almost constant. From electrochemical analysis of each electrode after cycling, structural and/or impedance changes in the cathode are responsible for most of the capacity and power fade, not the consumption of cycleable Li from side-reactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm & Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Striebel, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm & Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 23 PY 2003 VL 122 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00351-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 704WR UT WOS:000184364400011 ER PT J AU Kreishman-Deitrick, M Egile, C Hoyt, DW Ford, JJ Li, R Rosen, MK AF Kreishman-Deitrick, M Egile, C Hoyt, DW Ford, JJ Li, R Rosen, MK TI NMR analysis of methyl groups at 100-500 kDa: Model systems and Arp2/3 complex SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-PROTEIN OMPX; N-15,C-13,H-2-LABELED PROTEINS; PERDEUTERATED PROTEINS; POLARIZATION-TRANSFER; ACTIN POLYMERIZATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RELAXATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ASSIGNMENTS; DOMAIN AB Large macromolecular machines are among the most important and challenging targets for structural and mechanistic analyses. Consequently, there is great interest in development of NMR methods for the study of multicomponent systems in the 50-500 kDa range. Biochemical methods also must be developed in concert to produce such systems in selectively labeled form. Here, we present H-1/C-13-HSQC spectra of protonated methyl groups in a model system that mimics molecular weights up to similar to560 kDa. Signals from side chain methyl groups of Ile, Leu, and Val residues are clearly detectable at correlation times up to similar to330 ns. We have also developed a biochemical procedure to produce the 240 kDa, heteroheptameric Arp2/3 actin nucleation complex selectively labeled at one subunit and obtained H-1/C-13-HSQC spectra of this assembly. Sensitivity in spectra of both the Arp2/3 complex and the model system indicate that methyl groups will be useful sources of information in nonsymmetric systems with molecular weights greater than 600 kDa at concentrations less than 100 muM. Methyl analyses will complement TROSY and CRINEPT analyses of amides in NMR studies of structure and molecular interactions of extremely large macromolecules and assemblies. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rosen, MK (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Biochem, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RI Hoyt, David/H-6295-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057063, R01 GM56322] NR 47 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 28 BP 8579 EP 8586 DI 10.1021/bi034536j PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702XA UT WOS:000184249000023 PM 12859205 ER PT J AU Horwich, A Bertelsen, E Fenton, W Furtak, K Fiaux, J Chaudhry, C Adams, P Ranson, N Saibil, H Chaudhuri, T Wuthrich, K AF Horwich, A Bertelsen, E Fenton, W Furtak, K Fiaux, J Chaudhry, C Adams, P Ranson, N Saibil, H Chaudhuri, T Wuthrich, K TI Chaperonin-mediated protein folding. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. ETH, Inst Mol Biol & Biophys, Zurich, Switzerland. Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Crystallog, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 28 MA 43 BP 8603 EP 8603 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702XA UT WOS:000184249000068 ER PT J AU Yeates, TO Padilla, J Yoshido, S AF Yeates, TO Padilla, J Yoshido, S TI Designing self-assembling materials and regular protein materials. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, DOE Ctr Genom & Proeom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 28 MA 47 BP 8604 EP 8604 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702XA UT WOS:000184249000072 ER PT J AU Damo, SM Kim, HS Lee, SY Oyeyemi, O Klinman, JP Wemmer, DE AF Damo, SM Kim, HS Lee, SY Oyeyemi, O Klinman, JP Wemmer, DE TI Structure of a thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 28 MA 97 BP 8615 EP 8616 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702XA UT WOS:000184249000122 ER PT J AU Kadam, KL Mohagheghi, A McMillan, J AF Kadam, KL Mohagheghi, A McMillan, J TI System configurations for processes based on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Div Fuels & Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 28 MA 203 BP 8640 EP 8640 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 702XA UT WOS:000184249000228 ER PT J AU Dequeant, M Eglin, JL Graves-Brook, MK Smith, LT AF Dequeant, M Eglin, JL Graves-Brook, MK Smith, LT TI The hydrolysis of cyanophenols at a bimetallic Re-2(III,III) core SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE N,O ligands; rhenium; metal-metal interactions; hydrolysis ID CONTAINING NITRILE HYDRATASE; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CARBOXAMIDO-N; ACTIVE-SITE; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; MODEL-COMPOUND; THIOLATO-S; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; COORDINATION AB Studies of nitrile hydrolysis at the dirhenium core of [N(C4H9)(4)](2)[Re2Cl8] were extended through both the inclusion of a series of substituted nitriles. 2-, 3-. and 4-cyanophenol and either silver or thallium salts to promote the removal of chloride from [N(C4H9)(4)](2)[Re2Cl8]. Based on the expanded studies, steric limitations resulting from the -OH group are not evident in the hydrolysis reaction for this series of benzonitriles, and the reaction resulted in the synthesis of bridging amidate ligands coordinated to the dirhenium core in [N(C4H9)(4)][Re2Cl6(2-HOC6H4NHC(O))] (1), [N(C4H9)(4)][Re2Cl6(3-HOC6H4NHC(O))] (2), and [N(C4H9)(4)][Re2Cl6(4-HOC6H4NHC(O))] (3), respectively. In addition to the structural and spectroscopic characterization of the series of compounds, the reactions were performed by simply heating the nitrile and [N(C4H9)(4)](2)[Re2Cl8] in methylene chloride: alcohol solvent mixtures, and using AgBF4 and thallium(l) triflate (TIO3SCF3) to promote chloride removal in order to compare the general reaction times and yields. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Eglin, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663,Mail Stop G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eglin@lanl.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 351 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00209-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 706EX UT WOS:000184441200020 ER PT J AU Eglin, JL Smith, LT Staples, RJ AF Eglin, JL Smith, LT Staples, RJ TI Tungsten to tungsten quadruple bonds: over 30 years of research, 50 structurally characterized compounds and 100 known compounds SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE tungsten; quadruple bond; formamidinate ligand ID EARLY TRANSITION-METALS; MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEX; X = CL; DITUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS; MULTIPLE BONDS; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; DIMOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS; HOMOLOGOUS CHROMIUM; ORDERED ASSEMBLIES; PORPHYRIN DIMERS AB Since the first reported structure of a quadruply bonded ditungsten complex in 1977, the field of W-2(II, II) chemistry has expanded as new synthetic methodologies have been developed. Based on a recently developed synthetic route in our laboratory, the synthesis and structures of two new W-2(II, II) complexes with substituted formamidinate ligands are reported. With the addition of these two new structures, the number of structurally characterized quadruply bonded W-2(II, II) complexes exceeds 50 and over 100 W-2(II, II) complexes have been synthesized. A compilation of the quadruply bonded W-2(II, II) compounds, W-W bond distances, and synthetic methodologies is presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. DIAL, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Eglin, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Staples, Richard/0000-0003-2760-769X NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 351 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(03)00123-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 706EX UT WOS:000184441200029 ER PT J AU Laman, DM Joly, AG Ray, D AF Laman, DM Joly, AG Ray, D TI The structures of fluorene-(H2O)(1,2) determined by rotational coherence spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIP INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SUB-DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY; BENZENE-WATER COMPLEX; IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; LARGE MOLECULES; HYDROGEN-BOND; CLUSTERS; SPECTRA; C6H6-(H2O)N AB Rotational coherence spectroscopy (RCS), via time-correlated single photon counting, and two-color resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry, have been used to characterize fluorene-(water)(1,2) [FL-(H2O)(1,2)] van der Waals clusters generated in supersonic jets. Rotational coherence traces have been obtained at excitation energies corresponding to several resonant features in the S-1<--S-0 R2PI spectra of FL-(H2O)(1,2). RCS simulations and diagonalization of the moment of inertia tensor have been used to obtain S-1 excited state rotational constants and structures of FL-(H2O)(1,2) that are consistent with the experimental rotational coherence traces. The RCS results indicate that: (i) the water molecule in FL-H2O resides above the central five member ring and interacts with both aromatic sites; (ii) the water molecules in FL-(H2O)(2) form a water dimer that is most likely oriented along the long axis of fluorene and is hydrogen-bonded to both aromatic sites. The S-1<--S-0 R2PI spectra of FL-(D2O)(1,2) and FL-HDO have also been obtained. The 0(0)(0) transition is a doublet in the R2PI spectra of FL-H2O, FL-D2O, and a singlet in the R2PI spectrum of FL-HDO. The presence of this doublet in the FL-H2O/D2O spectra, and the absence of such a splitting in the FL-HDO spectrum, is an indication of internal rotation of the water molecule on a potential energy surface that changes upon electronic excitation. Lastly, the use of RCS and time-resolved fluorescence as a tool for assigning features in R2PI spectra that are of ambiguous origin due to fragmentation of higher mass clusters into lower mass channels is demonstrated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cent Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laman, DM (reprint author), Cent Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1970 EP 1977 DI 10.1063/1.1584031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 700FY UT WOS:000184103000012 ER PT J AU Davis, AV Wester, R Bragg, AE Neumark, DM AF Davis, AV Wester, R Bragg, AE Neumark, DM TI Vibrational relaxation in I-2(-)(Ar)(n) (n=1,2,6,9) and I-2(-)(CO2)(n) (n=1,4,5) clusters excited by femtosecond stimulated emission pumping SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONADIABATIC MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GROUND-STATE; CHARGE FLOW; ULTRAFAST PHOTODISSOCIATION; SOLVENT DYNAMICS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; IONS; I-2(-) AB Vibrational relaxation dynamics in I-2(-)(Ar)(n) (n=1,2,6,9) and I-2(-)(CO2)(n) (n=1,4,5) clusters are studied using femtosecond stimulated emission pumping (fs-SEP) in conjunction with femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. fs-SEP generates coherently excited I-2(-) within the cluster; results are reported here for excitation energies of 0.57 and 0.75 eV. The time-dependent PE spectra track relaxation of the clustered I-2(-) through coherent intensity oscillations observed at short times (<10 ps) and shifts of the photoelectron spectra that can be seen out to several hundred picoseconds. The relaxation rates depend on the cluster type and excitation energy: the overall time scale in I-2(-)(CO2)(n) clusters is relatively independent of both, but in I-2(-)(Ar)(n) clusters the time scale generally increases with cluster size and decreases with excitation energy. The observed dynamics for I-2(-)(CO2) and several of the I-2(-)(Ar)(n) clusters directly probe the time scale for solvent evaporation. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Wester, Roland/J-6293-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Wester, Roland/0000-0001-7935-6066 NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2020 EP 2031 DI 10.1063/1.1585029 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 700FY UT WOS:000184103000018 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Meyer, TJ AF Trammell, SA Meyer, TJ TI Kinetics of absorbed chromophore exchange on metal oxide electrodes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TIO2; COMPLEXES; SURFACE; PHOTOVOLTAICS; SENSITIZATION; ASSEMBLIES; DISPLAYS; DEVICES; FILMS; CELLS AB Exchange experiments utilizing Ru(bpy)(2)(4,4'-(CO2H)(2)bpy)(2+) and Os(bpy)(2)(4,4'-(CO2H)(2)bpy)(2+) (4,4'-(CO2H)(2)bpy is 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) provide evidence for a distribution of binding sites on ITO electrodes by electrochemical monitoring and on optically transparent, nanoparticle TiO2 films by optical monitoring. Using the Albery model of dispersed kinetics for the analysis of exchange, the results are consistent with dissociative loss from the surface with k(1) = 0.1 s(-1) for the dissociative step in CH3CN on ITO. Equilibrium binding data after exchange suggest that a site or distribution of sites is also present that undergoes exchange on a very slow time scale. Complete exchange takes place in EtOH, and the rate is greatly enhanced compared to that in CH3CN, suggesting that EtOH labilizes the surface to exchange. On TiO2 the time scale for exchange is far longer than that on ITO, and in CH3CN it scales with film thickness. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS A127 ALDSR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 15 BP 6081 EP 6087 DI 10.1021/la0268909 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 702WM UT WOS:000184247800018 ER PT J AU Frauenfelder, H McMahon, BH Fenimore, PW AF Frauenfelder, H McMahon, BH Fenimore, PW TI Myoglobin: The hydrogen atom of biology and a paradigm of complexity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIGAND-BINDING; CONFORMATIONAL RELAXATION; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; GLOBIN; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; HEMOGLOBIN; QUAKES; STATES C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 15 BP 8615 EP 8617 DI 10.1073/pnas.1633688100 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704ZC UT WOS:000184371000003 PM 12861080 ER PT J AU Vila-Sanjurjo, A Ridgeway, WK Seymaner, V Zhang, W Santoso, S Yu, K Cate, JHD AF Vila-Sanjurjo, A Ridgeway, WK Seymaner, V Zhang, W Santoso, S Yu, K Cate, JHD TI X-ray crystal structures of the WT and a hyper-accurate ribosome from Escherichia coli SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL SWITCH; P-SITES; SUBUNIT; MUTATIONS; SELECTION; TRANSLOCATION; ANTIBIOTICS AB Protein biosynthesis on the ribosome requires accurate reading of the genetic code in mRNA. Two conformational rearrangements in the small ribosomal subunit, a closing of the head and body around the incoming tRNA and an RNA helical switch near the mRNA decoding site, have been proposed to select for complementary base-pairing between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons. We determined x-ray crystal structures of the WT and a hyper-accurate variant of the Escherichia coli ribosome at resolutions of 10 and 9 A, respectively, revealing that formation of the intact 70S ribosome from its two subunits closes the conformation of the head of the small subunit independent of mRNA decoding. Moreover, no change in the conformation of the switch helix is observed in two steps of tRNA discrimination. These 70S ribosome structures indicate that mRNA decoding is coupled primarily to movement of the small subunit body, consistent with previous proposals, whereas closing of the head and the helical switch may function in other steps of protein synthesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Whitehead Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. RP Cate, JHD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI vila-sanjurjo, anton/L-1941-2014 OI vila-sanjurjo, anton/0000-0001-7820-1644 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 22 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 15 BP 8682 EP 8687 DI 10.1073/pnas.1133380100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 704ZC UT WOS:000184371000018 PM 12853578 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Woodford, JB Erdemir, A Fenske, GR AF Johnson, JA Woodford, JB Erdemir, A Fenske, GR TI Near-surface characterization of amorphous carbon films by neutron reflectivity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; SUPERLOW-FRICTION; COATINGS; DEPOSITION AB A high-density top-surface layer of approximately 30 Angstrom was found in a form of diamondlike carbon, "near-frictionless carbon," developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Three diamondlike-carbon films were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with different hydrogen-to-methane ratios in the plasma. Complementary films were prepared with deuterated methane and deuterium, in the same ratios. Results from neutron relectivity experiments are presented, along with model comparisons, and a hypothesis is postulated. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 452 EP 454 DI 10.1063/1.1590731 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 701UE UT WOS:000184186700016 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ TI Irradiation-induced recovery of disorder in gallium nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM-IRRADIATION; IMPLANTED GAN; DEFECTS AB Gallium nitride has been irradiated to two fluences with energetic Au2+ ions at 300 K. Two different damage levels and depth profiles were produced that are characterized by near-surface damage accumulation and deeper-regime damage saturation. Thermal annealing at 873 K resulted in disorder recovery only in the near-surface region at low fluence. However, simultaneous irradiation with 5.4 MeV Si2+ ions during annealing at 873 K induced significant recovery over the entire damage profile at both low and high fluences. The irradiation-enhanced recovery is primarily attributed to defect-stimulated recovery and epitaxial recrystallization processes due to the creation of mobile Frenkel pairs. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 458 EP 460 DI 10.1063/1.1594282 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 701UE UT WOS:000184186700018 ER PT J AU Lewis, LH Yu, MH Gambino, RJ AF Lewis, LH Yu, MH Gambino, RJ TI Simple enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in giant magnetocaloric materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD AB A simple method of enhancing the magnetocaloric effect (MCE)) in ferromagnetic materials is described. Thin layers of pure Fe of 0.1- and 0.2-mum thickness were evaporated onto both sides of polished 0.6-mm, slices of the giant magnetocaloric material Gd5Si1.5Ge2.5. The slices were stacked for magnetic measurement in the temperature range from 165 to 235 K to assess the MCE. Sample geometries with the iron layers oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the applied field were measured. In the metamagnetic transition temperature range, the Fe layer in the parallel geometry lowers the onset field of the metamagnetic transition by 4240 Oe for the 0.1-mum layer thickness and by 4940 Oe for the 0.2-mum layer thickness from the base value of 8700 Oe at 187 K in the absence of Fe layers. Furthermore, the 0.1-mum layer of Fe oriented perpendicular to the applied field is found to enhance the entropy change, and thus the magnetocaloric effect, by approximately 11% above its base value at 191.5 K; intriguingly, the 0.2-mum Fe layer does not obviously alter the MCE from its base value. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 515 EP 517 DI 10.1063/1.1593821 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 701UE UT WOS:000184186700037 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Cullum, B Kasili, P AF Vo-Dinh, T Cullum, B Kasili, P TI Development of a multi-spectral imaging system for medical applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTER; CANCER-DIAGNOSIS; FLUORESCENCE AB We describe the development of a multi-spectral imaging (MSI) system based on a rapid-scanning solid-state device, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), for wavelength selection and a two-dimensional charge-coupled device for detection. The MSI device is designed for in vivo optical detection in medical diagnostic applications. Unlike conventional grating spectrometers, the AOTF is a miniature solid-state device that has no moving parts, and can be rapidly tuned to any wavelength within its operating range. The large aperture of the AOTF and its high spatial resolution allows the optical image from an imaging fibre optic probe to be recorded by the detector. These characteristics, combined with their small size, make AOTFs important new alternatives to conventional monochromators, especially for spectral imaging in biomedical applications. The MSI can also be used for dual-modality diagnostics to detect both fluorescence and diffuse reflectance images. The usefulness and potential of the MSI system is illustrated in several applications of biomedical interest, such as reflectance fluorescence imaging of skin and brain tissues. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 14 BP 1663 EP 1668 AR PII S0022-3727(03)58687-9 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/14/302 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 714CM UT WOS:000184894800007 ER PT J AU Das, C Trivedi, A Mitra, K Vo-Dinh, T AF Das, C Trivedi, A Mitra, K Vo-Dinh, T TI Short pulse laser propagation through tissues for biomedical imaging SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING MEDIA; TURBID MEDIA; ABSORBING MEDIA; TIME-DOMAIN; LIGHT; TRANSPORT; RECONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM AB An experimental and numerical study is performed to analyse short pulse laser propagation through tissue phantoms with and without inhomogeneities embedded in it. Short pulse laser probing techniques have distinct advantages over conventional very large pulse width or cw lasers primarily due to the additional information conveyed about the tissue interior by the temporal variation of the observed signal. Both the scattered temporal transmitted and reflected optical signals are measured experimentally using a streak camera for samples irradiated with a short pulse laser source. Parametric study involving different scattering and absorption coefficients of tissue phantoms and inhomogeneities as well as the detector position and orientation is performed. The temporal and spatial profiles of the scattered optical signals are compared with the numerical modelling results obtained by solving the transient radiative transport equation using the discrete ordinates technique. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mitra, K (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM kmitra@fit.edu; vodinht@ornl.gov RI Mitra, Kunal/C-6560-2016 OI Mitra, Kunal/0000-0002-7277-4908 NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 14 BP 1714 EP 1721 AR PII S0022-3727(03)57391-0 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/14/310 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 714CM UT WOS:000184894800015 ER PT J AU Gourley, PL AF Gourley, PL TI Biocavity laser for high-speed cell and tumour biology SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PROTEIN; DNA; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEMS; SINGLE; CANCER AB Through recent interdisciplinary scientific research, modem medicine has significantly advanced the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, little progress has been made in reducing the death rate due to cancer, which remains the leading cause of death in much of the world. Pathologists rely on microscopic examination of cell morphology using methods that originated over a hundred years ago. These staining methods are labour-intensive, time-consuming, and sometimes in error. New micro-analytical methods for high speed (real-time) automated screening of tissues and cells could advance pathology and minimize cancer deaths. By teaming experts in physical/chemical sciences and engineering with those in medicine, it may be possible to develop micro-analytical cell spectral/imaging techniques to rapidly distinguish normal and abnormal cells. In this paper, we review the physics and applications of the biocavity laser which may enable these advances in the near future. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. RP Gourley, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 14 BP R228 EP R239 AR PII S0022-3727(03)39018-7 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/14/202 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 714CM UT WOS:000184894800003 ER PT J AU Djurcic, Z Glasgow, D Hu, LW McKeown, RD Piepke, A Swinney, R Tipton, B AF Djurcic, Z Glasgow, D Hu, LW McKeown, RD Piepke, A Swinney, R Tipton, B TI Novel technique for ultra-sensitive determination of trace elements in organic scintillators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE KamLAND; low background; neutrino oscillations; NAA; trace element; liquid scintillator ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; WATER; IRRADIATION AB A technique based on neutron activation has been developed for an extremely high sensitivity analysis of trace elements in organic materials. Organic materials are sealed in plastic or high-purity quartz and irradiated at the HEIR and MITR. The most volatile materials such as liquid scintillator (LS) are first preconcentrated by clean vacuum evaporation. Activities of interest are separated from side activities by acid digestion and ion exchange. The technique has been applied to study the liquid scintillator used in the KamLAND neutrino experiment. Detection limits of <2.4 x 10(-15) g K-40/g LS, < 5.5 x 10(-15) g Th/g LS, and < 8 x 10(-15) g U/g LS have been achieved. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. MIT, Nucl Reactor Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, 206 Gallalee POB 970324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM andreas@bama.ua.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 3 BP 680 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01362-7 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 708UG UT WOS:000184587400008 ER PT J AU Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Marandella, G Nomura, Y Okui, T Oliver, SJ Papucci, M AF Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Marandella, G Nomura, Y Okui, T Oliver, SJ Papucci, M TI Radiative electroweak symmetry breaking from a quasi-localized top quark SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID ANOMALIES; 5D AB consider 5D supersymmetric SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) theories compactified at the TeV scale on S-1/Z(2) with supersymmetry broken by boundary conditions. Localizing the top quark at a boundary of a fifth dimension by a bulk mass term M-1, reduces the strength of radiative electroweak symmetry breaking. For M-t R approximate to 1-2, the natural value for the top and bottom squark masses are raised to 500-1200 GeV, and all other superpartners may have masses of the compactification scale, which has a natural range of 1/R similar or equal to 1.5-3.5 TeV. The superpartner masses depend only on 1/R, and are precisely correlated amongst themselves and with the mass of the Higgs boson, which is lighter than 130 GeV. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. INFN, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Barbieri, R (reprint author), Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 663 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(03)00371-7 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 699DJ UT WOS:000184040400007 ER PT J AU Manley, ME AF Manley, ME TI Thermodynamics of phonon-stabilized Fermi distributions with application to uranium SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SOLIDS AB Since phonons are built on the free energy of electrons, their frequencies call be altered by thermal electronic excitations, implying that thermal electronic excitations can alter the phonon entropy. The effect of this extra phonon entropy oil electronic distribution functions and thermodynamic properties is calculated in the limit of classical vibrations. The phonon entropy stabilizes electrons above the Fermi level by more than the usual k(B)T The thermodynamic coupling of electron and phonon degrees of freedom allows far more heat capacity than in equivalent independent systems. The method developed is used to explain uranium data from the literature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 21 BP 2467 EP 2473 DI 10.1080/1478643031000119967 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 700UH UT WOS:000184129200003 ER PT J AU Brandow, BH AF Brandow, BH TI Strongly anisotropic s-wave gaps in exotic superconductors SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC PENETRATION DEPTH; MUON-SPIN-RELAXATION; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; DENSITY-OF-STATES; ELECTRONIC-TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; STRONG-COUPLING SUPERCONDUCTOR; MICROWAVE SURFACE-RESISTANCE; QUASI-PARTICLE EXCITATION; PYROCHLORE OXIDE CD2RE2O7 AB The exotic superconductors, defined as those that follow the phenomenological trend reported by Uemura (T-c approximately proportional to lambda(L)(-2)), at present constitute the most broad and general class Of Superconductors which can reasonably be considered 'similar to the high-T-c cuprates'. It is therefore of much interest to determine the forms of their pairing gap functions. We examine evidence for the gap forms in non-cuprate exotics and demonstrate some general features. The cubic materials often have highly anisotropic gaps. The planar materials tend to have an even stronger gap anisotropy, to the extent that they often have gap nodes, but nevertheless they usually have an s-wave-like gap symmetry. There is good evidence for the latter even in the controversial cases of planar organics and nickel borocarbides. Exceptions to these generalizations are also pointed out and discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM baird@cnls.lanl.gov NR 278 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JUL 21 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 21 BP 2487 EP 2519 DI 10.1080/0141861031000111129 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 700UH UT WOS:000184129200005 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Baade, D Hoflich, P Wheeler, JC AF Wang, LF Baade, D Hoflich, P Wheeler, JC TI Spectropolarimetry of the type Ic supernova SN 2002ap in M74: More evidence for asymmetric core collapse SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M74, NGC 628); supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2002ap); techniques : polarimetric ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 25 APRIL 1998; IA SUPERNOVA; OBSERVATIONAL CONSEQUENCES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; HYPERNOVA; EXPLOSIONS; ASPHERICITY; HYDRODYNAMICS; POLARIMETRY AB High-quality spectropolarimetry ( range 417-860 nm; spectral resolution 1.27 nm with 0.265 nm pixel(-1)) of SN 2002ap was obtained with the ESO Very Large Telescope Melipal (+FORS1) at three epochs that correspond to -6, -2, +1, and +3 days for a V maximum of 2002 February 9. The polarization spectra show three distinct broad (similar to100 nm) features at similar to400, 550, and 750 nm that evolve in shape, amplitude, and orientation in the Q-U plane. The continuum polarization grows from nearly zero to similar to0.5%. The 750 nm feature is polarized at a level greater than or similar to1%. We identify the 550 and 750 nm features as Na I D and O I 777.4 nm moving at about 20,000 km s(-1). The blue feature may be Fe II. The position angle of the continuum is similar to83degrees, and that of the O I line is similar to133degrees. This indicates that the Ni-56 that provides the continuum luminosity is distributed with a systematically different geometry than that of the fast-moving outer oxygen structure. The lack of significant polarization prior to optical maximum indicates that the photosphere was not extremely highly distorted at early times but became more aspherical toward optical maximum. The structure is consistent with the impact of a bipolar flow from the core that has severely distorted, but is stopped within, the outer envelope of a carbon/oxygen core. The difference in position angle of the oxygen feature and the continuum demands a symmetry breaking that may be difficult to provide in a single-star model. This difference may be a clue to the binary nature of the progenitor. We conclude that the features that characterize SN 2002ap, specifically its high velocity, can be accounted for in an asymmetric model with a larger ejecta mass than SN 1994I such that the photosphere remains longer in higher velocity material. The characteristics of "hypernovae" may be the result of orientation effects in a mildly inhomogeneous set of progenitors, rather than requiring an excessive total energy or luminosity. In the analysis of asymmetric events with spherically symmetric models, it is probably advisable to refer to "isotropic equivalent" energy, luminosity, ejected mass, and nickel mass. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 50 232, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 50 232, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 62 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 1 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1086/375576 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700EA UT WOS:000184098600036 ER PT J AU Gorczyca, TW Kodituwakku, CN Korista, KT Zatsarinny, O Badnell, NR Behar, E Chen, MH Savin, DW AF Gorczyca, TW Kodituwakku, CN Korista, KT Zatsarinny, O Badnell, NR Behar, E Chen, MH Savin, DW TI Assessment of the fluorescence and Auger database used in plasma modeling SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line : formation; X-rays : general ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SHELL AUGER; TRANSITION RATES; COSTER-KRONIG; IONIZATION; YIELDS; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA; ATOMS; IONS AB We have investigated the accuracy of the 1s vacancy fluorescence database of Kaastra & Mewe resulting from the initial atomic physics calculations and the subsequent scaling along isoelectronic sequences. In particular, we have focused on the relatively simple Be- and F- like 1s vacancy sequences. We find that the earlier atomic physics calculations for the oscillator strengths and autoionization rates of singly charged B II and Ne II are in sufficient agreement with our present calculations. However, the substantial charge dependence of these quantities along each isoelectronic sequence, the incorrect configuration averaging used for B II, and the neglect of spin-orbit effects (which become important at high Z) all cast doubt on the reliability of the Kaastra & Mewe data for application to plasma modeling. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gorczyca, TW (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 592 IS 1 BP 636 EP 643 DI 10.1086/375561 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 700EA UT WOS:000184098600054 ER PT J AU Davis, R AF Davis, R TI A half-century with solar neutrinos SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID FUSION CATALYSIS; OSCILLATIONS; CAPTURE; FLUX; QUARKS; SEARCH; MATTER; MODELS; TIME; SUN C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 18 IS 18 BP 3089 EP 3108 DI 10.1142/S0217751X03016069 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 715LP UT WOS:000184973800001 ER PT J AU Reisner, J Wyszogrodzki, A Mousseau, V Knoll, D AF Reisner, J Wyszogrodzki, A Mousseau, V Knoll, D TI An efficient physics-based preconditioner for the fully implicit solution of small-scale thermally driven atmospheric flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Navier-Stokes equations; physics-based preconditioning; nonlinear solver ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHOD; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; EQUATIONS; HYBRID; SCHEME AB In atmospheric flow situations typical of a small-scale atmospheric thermal, a separation of time scales exists between the fast sound wave time scale and the advective time scale. Atmospheric models have been designed to take advantage of this disparity of time scales with numerical approaches such as the semi-implicit or split-explicit approach being used to efficiently step over the fast sound waves. Some of these numerical approaches are first order in time. To improve accuracy over these methods, a fully implicit and nonlinearly consistent (INC) flow solver has beer] developed for the Navier-Stokes equation set. In our INC method, the equation set is solved by use of the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method. An efficient preconditioner has been developed which uses the semi-implicit method to solve the governing equations. Being that this preconditioner was designed to attack the fastest waves in the system and not other features in the implicit system such as advection or turbulent diffusion, the preconditioning technique is labeled as a physics-based preconditioner. A variety of linear solvers including SSOR, Krylov methods and/or multigrid approaches are used to approximately invert the pressure matrix in the semi-implicit algorithm. A suite of simulations will be conducted utilizing different linear solvers for the simple problem of the bouyant rise of a warm bubble. The problem will also document the ability of the INC approach to achieve second order in time accuracy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reisner, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D401, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej/M-1772-2014 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 189 IS 1 BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00198-0 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 703TK UT WOS:000184296900002 ER PT J AU Sial, S Neuberger, J Lookman, T Saxena, A AF Sial, S Neuberger, J Lookman, T Saxena, A TI Energy minimization using Sobolev gradients: application to phase separation and ordering SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sobolev gradients; Ginzburg-Landau theory; phase separation AB A common problem in physics and engineering is the calculation of the minima of energy functionals. The theory of Sobolev gradients provides an efficient method for seeking the critical points of such a functional. We apply the method to functionals describing coarse-grained Ginzburg-Landau models commonly used in pattern formation and ordering processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Math Appl, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ N Texas, Dept Math, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Western Ontario, Dept Math Appl, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM ss@cmrg.apmaths.uwo.ca; jwn@unt.edu; txl@viking.lanl.gov; abs@viking.lanl.gov NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 189 IS 1 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00202-X PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 703TK UT WOS:000184296900005 ER PT J AU Layton, AT Spotz, WF AF Layton, AT Spotz, WF TI A semi-Lagrangian double Fourier method for the shallow water equations on the sphere SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shallow water equations; double Fourier series; numerical weather prediction; spectral methods; semi-Lagrangian scheme; semi-implicit scheme; spherical coordinates ID SERIES; MODEL; SCHEMES AB We describe a numerical method, based on the semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit approach, for solving the shallow water equations (SWEs) in spherical coordinates. The most popular spatial discretization method used in global atmospheric models is currently the spectral transform method, which generates high-order numerical solutions and provides an elegant solution to the pole problems induced by a spherical coordinate system. However, the standard spherical harmonic spectral transform method requires associated Legendre transforms, which for problems with resolutions of current interest, have a computational complexity of O(N-3), where N is the number of spatial subintervals in one dimension. Thus, the double Fourier spectral method, which uses trigonometric series, may be a viable alternative. The advantage of the double Fourier method is that fast Fourier transforms, which have a computational complexity of O(N-2 log N), can be used in both the longitudinal and latitudinal directions. In this implementation, the SWEs are discretized in time by means of the three-time-level semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit method, which integrates along fluid trajectories and allows large time steps while maintaining stability. Numerical results for the standard SWEs test suite are presented to demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the method. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Layton, AT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Phillips Hall Campus,Box 3250, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 189 IS 1 BP 180 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00207-9 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 703TK UT WOS:000184296900010 ER PT J AU McKinley, MS Brooks, ED Szoke, A AF McKinley, MS Brooks, ED Szoke, A TI Comparison of implicit and symbolic implicit Monte Carlo line transport with frequency weight vector extension SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; symbolic; photon; transport; teleportation errors X ray laser ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER EQUATIONS; DIFFUSION; SCHEME AB We compare the implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) technique to the symbolic IMC (SIMC) technique, with and without weight vectors in frequency space, for time-dependent line transport in the presence of collisional pumping. We examine the efficiency and accuracy of the IMC and SIMC methods for test problems involving the evolution of a collisionally pumped trapping problem to its steady-state, the surface heating of a cold medium by a beam, and the diffusion of energy from a localized region that is collisionally pumped. The importance of spatial biasing and teleportation for problems involving high opacity is demonstrated. Our numerical solution, along with its associated teleportation error, is checked against theoretical calculations for the last example. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McKinley, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 189 IS 1 BP 330 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00213-4 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 703TK UT WOS:000184296900016 ER PT J AU Li, HC McCabe, C Cui, ST Cummings, PT Cochran, HD AF Li, HC McCabe, C Cui, ST Cummings, PT Cochran, HD TI On the development of a general force field for the molecular simulation of perfluoroethers SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIX REVERSAL DEFECTS; LIQUID MOLAR VOLUMES; UV-CURABLE SYSTEMS; PHASE COEXISTENCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PERFLUOROPOLYETHER STRUCTURES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; EQUILIBRIA; ALKANES; DYNAMICS AB We report the development of a transferable force field for the accurate modelling of perfluoroethers. The potential model takes the general form in which separate bond bending and torsional terms describe the intramolecular interactions, with the addition of van der Waals and electrostatic terms to describe the non-bonded interactions. Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations were carried out to obtain the partial charges and intramolecular torsional and bending potentials. The van der Waals interactions are described by Lennard-Jones potentials, the parameters of which are optimized to reproduce the available experimental vapour-liquid equilibrium data. An extension of the Gibbs-Duhem method was used to speed up the optimization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Cochran, HD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2003 VL 101 IS 14 BP 2157 EP 2169 DI 10.1080/0026897031000154329 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 712QM UT WOS:000184808400003 ER PT J AU Dorelli, JC Scudder, JD AF Dorelli, John C. Scudder, Jack D. TI Electron heat flow in the solar corona: Implications of non-Maxwellian velocity distributions, the solar gravitational field, and Coulomb collisions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solar corona; electron heat flux; nonlocal heat flow; Fokker-Planck equation; kappa distribution; nonequilibrium thermodynamics AB It has long been known that weak electron temperature gradients in fully ionized plamas (satisfying lambda vertical bar del T(e)vertical bar/T(e) less than or similar to 10(-4), where lambda(e) is the electron mean free path and T(e) is the electron temperature) can lead to the development of significant non-Maxwellian suprathermal tails on electron velocity distributions, invalidating the Spitzer and Harm [ 1953] perturbation theory [Gray and Kilkenny, 1980; Bell et al., 1981; Scudder and Olbert, 1983]. In this paper we work out the implications of such nonlocal heat flow for electrons in the solar corona, comparing a new analytical theory to numerical solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation. While electron-electron Coulomb collisions are strong enough at coronal densities to influence the local temperature, the electron heat flux is determined by the essentially collisionless high-energy tail. The deceleration of suprathermal electrons in the polarization electric field allows electron heat to flow radially outward against the local temperature gradient, in contrast to the local thermodynamic equilibrium picture, in which heat is constrained to flow down the local temperature gradient. We discuss the implications of this effect for empirical constraints of coronal heating mechanisms. C1 [Dorelli, John C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Scudder, Jack D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52245 USA. RP Dorelli, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jdorelli@lanl.gov; jds@space-theory.physics.uiowa.edu RI Dorelli, John/C-9488-2012; Scudder, Jack/D-8417-2013 OI Scudder, Jack/0000-0001-7975-5630 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 19 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A7 AR 1294 DI 10.1029/2002JA009484 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V93FP UT WOS:000206301300001 ER PT J AU Van der Hoven, SJ Solomon, DK Moline, GR AF Van der Hoven, SJ Solomon, DK Moline, GR TI Modeling unsaturated flow and transport in the saprolite of fractured sedimentary rocks: Effects of periodic wetting and drying SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unsaturated zone; transport modeling; oxygen isotopes; saprolite; dual porosity; fractures ID MASS-TRANSFER; POROUS-MEDIA; MACROPOROSITY; SOIL; MESOPOROSITY; WATER; ZONE AB Whereas a number of unsaturated zone modeling studies have been conducted on dual-porosity systems where the matrix has low permeability, few have been conducted on systems where the matrix has relatively high permeability. In humid climates, in situ weathering of bedrock can form saprolite. Saprolite usually has high matrix porosity ( and variable permeability) that is a reservoir for solute storage and can have relict fractures that transport solute rapidly. On the basis of a field investigation where natural chemical tracers were monitored at high resolution during storm events, a numerical model was created that simulated variably saturated transport in the saprolite. A series of simulations were performed to explore solute transport during cycles of wetting and drying. Modeling results indicated that the advective flux of solutes from the fractures into the matrix during wetting was greater than from the matrix back into the fractures during drying, resulting in a net storage of solutes in the matrix. We hypothesize that the amount of net solute storage in the matrix may increase as the frequency of wetting/drying cycles increases, up to an optimum frequency. At frequencies higher than the optimum, the amount of solute storage in the matrix may decrease because the system behaves more like a fully saturated system where diffusion is the dominant transport process between fractures and matrix. These conclusions have significant implications for such processes as remedial strategies for contaminants in the unsaturated zone, the application of fertilizers, and quantification of mineral weathering and dissolution rates. C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61790 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van der Hoven, SJ (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Campus Box 4400, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM sjvande2@ilstu.edu RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016 OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 19 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 7 AR 1186 DI 10.1029/2002WR001926 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 837RO UT WOS:000222653700001 ER PT J AU Widlak, P Lanuszewska, J Cary, RB Garrard, WT AF Widlak, P Lanuszewska, J Cary, RB Garrard, WT TI Subunit structures and stoichiometries of human DNA fragmentation factor proteins before and after induction of apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CASPASE-ACTIVATED DNASE; CHROMATIN CONDENSATION; ENDONUCLEASE-G; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NUCLEASE ACTIVITY; CELL-DEATH; NAKED DNA; ICAD-S; INHIBITOR; CLEAVAGE AB DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is one of the major endonucleases responsible for internucleosomal DNA cleavage during apoptosis. Understanding the regulatory checkpoints involved in safeguarding non-apoptotic cells against accidental activation of this nuclease is as important as elucidating its activation mechanisms during apoptosis. Here we address these issues by determining DFF native subunit structures and stoichiometries in human cells before and after induction of apoptosis using the technique of native pore-exclusion limit electrophoresis in combination with Western analyses. For comparison, we employed similar techniques with recombinant proteins in conjunction with atomic force microscopy. Before induction of apoptosis, the expression of DFF subunits varied widely among the cell types studied, and the chaperone/inhibitor subunits DFF45 and DFF35 unexpectedly existed primarily as monomers in vast excess of the latent nuclease subunit, DFF40, which was stoichiometrically associated with DFF45 to form heterodimers. DFF35 was exclusively cytoplasmic as a monomer. Nuclease activation upon caspase-3 cleavage of DFF45/DFF35 was accompanied by DFF40 homo-oligomer formation, with a tetramer being the smallest unit. Interestingly, intact DFF45 can inhibit nuclease activity by associating with these homooligomers without mediating their disassembly. We conclude that DFF nuclease is regulated by multiple pre- and post-activation fail-safe steps. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Mol Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Ctr Oncol, Dept Expt & Clin Radiobiol, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garrard, WT (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Mol Biol, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. OI Widlak, Piotr/0000-0001-5099-4726 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GMR01-59809] NR 66 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 29 BP 26915 EP 26922 DI 10.1074/jbc.M303807200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 701ER UT WOS:000184155700080 PM 12748178 ER PT J AU Szego, K Young, DT Barraclough, B Berthelier, JJ Coates, AJ McComas, DJ Crary, FJ Dougherty, MK Erdos, G Gurnett, DA Kurth, WS Thomsen, MF AF Szego, Karoly Young, David T. Barraclough, Bruce Berthelier, Jean-Jacques Coates, Andrew J. McComas, David J. Crary, Frank J. Dougherty, Michele K. Erdos, Geza Gurnett, Donald A. Kurth, William S. Thomsen, Michelle F. TI Cassini plasma spectrometer measurements of Jovian bow shock structure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cassini; fields and particles; Jupiter; bow shock; solar wind parameters AB The Cassini spacecraft on its way to Saturn flew by Jupiter and crossed its bow shock more than forty times on the dusk-side of the planet, whereas the early missions targeting Jupiter explored the dawnside. Here we report the first results concerning these bow shock crossings, based on the measurements of the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS), the magnetometer, and the radio and plasma wave science (RPWS) instrument. We present data for five bow shock crossings, one at about 1920 local time (LT), the other four between 2100 and 2130 LT, 47.5 degrees-50 degrees beyond terminator. During the flyby the solar activity was high and variable. The measurements confirm that the Jovian bow shock is huge, extending over 700 R(J) down the flank; Cassini was the first to observe such distant shock features. The bow shock was turbulent and very dynamic and magnetic fluctuations were superimposed on the shock; the downstream ion distributions exhibited bimodal structure time to time. For all bow shock crossings the onset of ion thermalization was a clear shock signature supported by an electrostatic wave signal; thermalization can be used as a signature of the shock location even in those cases when the field data are rather smeared. The strength of the shock potential weakened toward more distant regions even if the local Mach number did not decrease. Reflected protons were not detected upstream above our current sensitivity limit, but the incoming solar wind fluctuated in the foot region. We argue that the Jovian bow shock is not always in a steady state, and some of the observations might be connected with this fact. C1 [Szego, Karoly; Erdos, Geza] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Barraclough, Bruce; Thomsen, Michelle F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Coates, Andrew J.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Dougherty, Michele K.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. [Gurnett, Donald A.; Kurth, William S.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Young, David T.; McComas, David J.; Crary, Frank J.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Szego, K (reprint author), KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Konkoly Thege Str 29-33,Bldg 3, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. EM szego@rmki.kfki.hu; dyoung@swri.ed1u; bbarraclough@lanl.gov; jean-jacques.berthelier@cetp.ipsl.fr; ajc@mssl.ucl.ac.uk; dmccomas@swri.edu; fcrary@umich.edu; m.dougherty@ic.ac.uk; erdos@rmki.kfki.hu; donald-gurnett@uiowa.edu; william-kurth@uiowa.edu; mthomsen@lanl.gov RI Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; OI Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 FU Hungarian OTKA [T-32634]; NASA [961152]; PPARC FX The work of K. S. was supported by the Hungarian OTKA grant T-32634. The research at The University of Iowa was supported by NASA through contract 961152 through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Work at MSSL-UCL was supported by PPARC. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A7 AR 1287 DI 10.1029/2002JA009517 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V93FO UT WOS:000206301200002 ER PT J AU Gillespie, B Vu, DM Shah, PS Marshall, SA Dyer, RB Mayo, SL Plaxco, KW AF Gillespie, B Vu, DM Shah, PS Marshall, SA Dyer, RB Mayo, SL Plaxco, KW TI NMR and temperature-jump measurements of de novo designed proteins demonstrate rapid folding in the absence of explicit selection for kinetics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; two-state; NMR lineshape ID TRANSITION-STATE; LATTICE MODEL; ENERGY FUNCTIONS; FAST EVENTS; SIMULATION; THERMODYNAMICS; CONFORMATIONS; APOMYOGLOBIN; HOMEODOMAIN; RELAXATION AB We address the importance of natural selection in the origin and maintenance of rapid protein folding by experimentally characterizing the folding kinetics of two de novo designed proteins, NC3-NCAP and ENH-FSM1. These 51 residue proteins, which adopt the helix-turn-helix homeodomain fold, share as few as 12 residues in common with their most closely related natural analog. Despite the replacement of up to 3/4 of their residues by a computer algorithm optimizing only thermodynamic properties, the designed proteins fold as fast or faster than the 35,000 s(-1) observed for the closest natural analog. Thus these de novo designed proteins, which were produced in the complete absence of selective pressures or design constraints explicitly aimed at ensuring rapid folding, are among the most rapidly folding proteins reported to date. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Plaxco, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Plaxco, Kevin/O-1793-2013 OI Plaxco, Kevin/0000-0003-4772-8771 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM053640, R01GM62868-01A1] NR 44 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 330 IS 4 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00616-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 699WQ UT WOS:000184079300014 PM 12850149 ER PT J AU Chakravorty, A Diehl, HT Duryea, J Guglielmo, G Heller, K Ho, PM James, C Johns, K Kaplan, DM Longo, MJ Luk, KB Rameika, R Rubin, HA Teige, S Thomson, GB Zou, Y AF Chakravorty, A Diehl, HT Duryea, J Guglielmo, G Heller, K Ho, PM James, C Johns, K Kaplan, DM Longo, MJ Luk, KB Rameika, R Rubin, HA Teige, S Thomson, GB Zou, Y TI Measurement of decay parameters for Xi(-)->Lambda pi(-) decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; HYPERON DECAYS; XI-HYPERON; POLARIZATION; INVARIANCE; PROTONS; SEARCH; MESON AB Based on 1.35x10(6) polarized Xi(-) events, we measure the parameter phi(Xi) to be -1.61degrees+/-2.66degrees+/-0.37degrees for the Xi(-)-->Lambdapi(-) decay. New results for the parameters beta(Xi) and gamma(Xi) are also presented. Assuming that the CP-violating phase difference is negligible, we deduce the strong phase difference between the P-wave and S-wave amplitudes of the Lambdapi final state to be 3.17degrees+/-5.28degrees+/-0.73degrees, reducing the uncertainty in estimating the level of CP violation in Xi-hyperon decay. C1 IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Chakravorty, A (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 031601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.031601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900006 PM 12906410 ER PT J AU Hicks, DG Celliers, PM Collins, GW Eggert, JH Moon, SJ AF Hicks, DG Celliers, PM Collins, GW Eggert, JH Moon, SJ TI Shock-induced transformation of Al2O3 and LiF into semiconducting liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GPA 1.4 MBAR; DENSE MATTER; PRESSURES; SAPPHIRE; FLUID; COMPRESSION; HYDROGEN; EQUATION; HOT AB Shock compression of sapphire (Al2O3) and lithium fluoride (LiF) to pressures above 5 Mbar has been observed to transform these transparent, wide band-gap insulators into partially degenerate liquid semiconductors with optical reflectivities of several percent. Reflectivities rise steadily with shock pressure up to 45% in sapphire at 20 Mbar and 20% in LiF at 13 Mbar. Using a simple model, the electron scattering length was inferred to be approximately the interatomic distance. In addition, several equation-of-state points at these pressures were measured. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hicks, DG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 26 TC 62 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 035502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.035502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900023 PM 12906427 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Seidman, DN Asta, M Woodward, C Ozolins, V AF Marquis, EA Seidman, DN Asta, M Woodward, C Ozolins, V TI Mg segregation at Al/Al3Sc heterophase interfaces on an atomic scale: Experiments and computations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AL-SC ALLOYS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; ALUMINUM; PRECIPITATION; DIFFUSION; SCANDIUM; METALS AB Microscopic factors governing solute partitioning in ternary two-phase Al-Sc-Mg alloys are investigated combining three-dimensional-atom-probe (3DAP) miscroscopy measurements with first-principles computations. 3DAP is employed to measure composition profiles with subnanometer-scale resolution, leading to the identification of a large enhancement of Mg solute at the coherent alpha-Al/Al3Sc (fcc/L1(2)) heterophase interface. First-principles calculations establish an equilibrium driving force for this interfacial segregation reflecting the nature of the interatomic interactions. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 036101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.036101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900025 PM 12906429 ER PT J AU Ranjbar, VH Lee, SY Huang, H Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Tepikian, S AF Ranjbar, VH Lee, SY Huang, H Luccio, AU MacKay, WW Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Tepikian, S TI Observation of higher-order snake resonances in polarized proton acceleration in RHIC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Higher-order and coupled snake resonances were observed during the 2002 polarized proton run in RHIC. Strong depolarization was observed when the fractional part of the vertical betatron tune approached 1/4, and when the fractional part of the horizontal tune approached 3/14. Because of the closed orbit error, each snake resonance splits into two. From the width of the observed snake resonances, we can derive the strength of the imperfection spin resonance. Our results appear consistent with the measured closed orbit error. C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ranjbar, VH (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 034801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.034801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900017 PM 12906421 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, GF Kenning, GG Orbach, R AF Rodriguez, GF Kenning, GG Orbach, R TI Full aging in spin glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE FUNCTION; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS AB The discovery of dynamic memory effects in the magnetization decays of spin glasses in 1983 marked a turning point in the study of the highly disordered spin glass state. Detailed studies of the memory effects have led to much progress in understanding the qualitative features of the phase space. Even so, the exact nature of the magnetization decay functions has remained elusive, causing confusion. In this Letter, we report strong evidence that the thermoremanent magnetization decays scale with the waiting time t(w). By employing a series of cooling protocols, we demonstrate that the rate at which the sample is cooled to the measuring temperature plays a major role in the determination of scaling. As the effective cooling time t(c)(eff) decreases, t/t(w) scaling improves and for t(c)(eff)<20 s we find almost perfect t/t(w) scaling, i.e., full aging. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US DOE, Off Director Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rodriguez, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 037203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.037203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900042 PM 12906446 ER PT J AU Zachar, O Zaliznyak, I AF Zachar, O Zaliznyak, I TI Dimensional crossover and charge order in half-doped manganites and cobaltites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC ORDER; RANDOM FIELDS; LA1.5SR0.5COO4 AB We propose a generic model for understanding the effect of quenched disorder on charge-ordering in half-doped manganese and cobalt oxides with different crystal structures. Current experimental observations are explained in the light of the global phase diagram of the model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zachar, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 AR 036401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.036401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 706AF UT WOS:000184428900026 PM 12906430 ER PT J AU Laskin, A Gaspar, DJ Wang, WH Hunt, SW Cowin, JP Colson, SD Finlayson-Pitts, BJ AF Laskin, A Gaspar, DJ Wang, WH Hunt, SW Cowin, JP Colson, SD Finlayson-Pitts, BJ TI Reactions at interfaces as a source of sulfate formation in sea-salt particles SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CHLORIDE DEPLETION; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; DIMETHYL-SULFIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOL; CHEMISTRY; OZONE; MECHANISM; H2SO4 AB Understanding the formation of sulfate particles in the troposphere is critical because of their health effects and their direct and indirect effects on radiative forcing, and hence on climate. Laboratory studies of the chemical and physical changes in sodium chloride, the major component of sea-salt particles, show that sodium hydroxide is generated upon reaction of deliquesced sodium chloride particles with gas-phase hydroxide. The increase in alkalinity will lead to an increase in the uptake and oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfate in sea-salt particles. This chemistry is missing from current models but is consistent with a number of previously unexplained field study observations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Laskin, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 45 TC 163 Z9 172 U1 7 U2 88 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5631 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1126/science.1085374 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702CG UT WOS:000184207300035 PM 12843398 ER PT J AU Huber, DL Manginell, RP Samara, MA Kim, BI Bunker, BC AF Huber, DL Manginell, RP Samara, MA Kim, BI Bunker, BC TI Programmed adsorption and release of proteins in a microfluidic device SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; SILICA; SYSTEMS; SILVER; GOLD AB A microfluidic device has been developed that can adsorb proteins from solution, hold them with negligible denaturation, and release them on command. The active element in the device is a 4-nanometer-thick polymer film that can be thermally switched between an antifouling hydrophilic state and a protein-adsorbing state that is more hydrophobic. This active polymer has been integrated into a microfluidic hot plate that can be programmed to adsorb and desorb protein monolayers in less than 1 second. The rapid response characteristics of the device can be manipulated for proteomic functions, including preconcentration and separation of soluble proteins on an integrated fluidics chip. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bunker, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469 NR 20 TC 395 Z9 398 U1 13 U2 119 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 18 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5631 BP 352 EP 354 DI 10.1126/science.1080759 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702CG UT WOS:000184207300039 PM 12869757 ER PT J AU Vicente, MGH Wickramasinghe, A Nurco, DJ Wang, HJH Nawrocky, MM Makar, MS Miura, M AF Vicente, MGH Wickramasinghe, A Nurco, DJ Wang, HJH Nawrocky, MM Makar, MS Miura, M TI Synthesis, toxicity and biodistribution of two 5,15-di[3,5-(nido-carboranylmethyl)phenyl]porphyrins in EMT-6 tumor bearing mice SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; BRAIN-TUMORS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; B-10(N,ALPHA)LI-7 REACTION; PYRROLIC COMPOUNDS; BORON; CHEMISTRY; PORPHYRINS; TISSUE AB The total synthesis of a 5,15-di[3,5-(o-carboranylmethyl)phenyl]porphyrin 5, its zinc(II) complex 6, and the corresponding nido-carboranylporphyrins 7 and 8 are reported. The molecular structures of porphyrin 6 and of potassium nido-carborane were obtained and are described. The biodistribution of nido-carboranylporphyrins 7 and 8 in BALB/c mice bearing EMT-6 mammary tumors are presented and compared. Both compounds are effective tumor localizers and delivered therapeutic concentrations of boron to tumors (mean +/- standard deviation): 32.5 +/- 7.1 and 54.3 +/- 14 mug/g for 7 and 8, respectively, 2 days after the last of 3 injections of a total boron dose of 23 mg/kg body weight. The zinc(II) complex 8 was found to deliver 1.2-1.7 times higher amounts of boron to tumors than 7, with lower tumor-to-blood boron concentration ratios (9.8/1 and 4.7/1 for 7 and 8, respectively, 2 days after injections). The tumor-to-brain boron concentration ratios were >100/1 for both porphyrins 2 days after administration. Both nido-carboranylporphyrins 7 and 8 were well-tolerated at the concentrations used (75 and 78 mg/kg body weight, respectively) and no morbidity or mortality were observed in these studies. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vicente, MGH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-22252] NR 34 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 14 BP 3101 EP 3108 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(03)00240-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 695FM UT WOS:000183820500007 PM 12818672 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA AF Shvartsburg, AA TI Aromatic ring destruction in complexes of dipositive metal cations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DMSO COMPLEXES; IONS; ACETONITRILE; COORDINATION; CHEMISTRY; FRAGMENTATION; TRICATIONS AB Singly charged metal cations do not normally activate the pi-ring in monoaromatic ligands. Here pyridine complexes of six dipositive metal cations (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu) are probed using collisional dissociation. Except for Cu, species with one-three ligands (depending on the metal) exhibit two significant aromaticity-destroying ligand cleavage processes. One proceeds with charge reduction yielding singly charged bare or ligated metal cyanide cations and C4H5+, and the other retains the double charge eliminating one or two small neutrals such as NH2 or CH3. The previously reported cluster-to-metal charge transfer producing charged ligand clusters is shown to not occur. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Chem, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Shvartsburg, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Nalt Lab, MSIN K8-98,3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 376 IS 1-2 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00815-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 704AM UT WOS:000184315600002 ER PT J AU Burgess, I Zamlynny, V Szymanski, G Schwan, AL Faragher, RJ Lipkowski, J Majewski, J Satija, S AF Burgess, I Zamlynny, V Szymanski, G Schwan, AL Faragher, RJ Lipkowski, J Majewski, J Satija, S TI Neutron reflectivity studies of field driven transformations in a monolayer of 4-pentadecyl pyridine at Au electrode surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neutron reflectometry; gold electrode; insoluble surfactants; cathodic desorption; 4-pentadecyl-pyridine ID MERCURY/ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION INTERFACE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PASSIVE OXIDE LAYER; SPECULAR REFLECTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL MODIFICATION; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; AU(111) ELECTRODE; WATER INTERFACE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; REFLECTOMETRY AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) has been employed to study the structure and composition of thin films formed by 4-pentadecyl-pyridine (C15-4Py) at a gold electrode surface. The thickness and the water content of films of C15-4Py have been measured as a function of the potential applied to the electrode. At positive potentials, where condensed film is formed, the monolayer contains defects that are filled with water. At very negative potentials, the film is desorbed from the electrode surface. NR has demonstrated that, at these potentials, the amphiphilic molecules remain in close proximity to the gold surface as a thicker and water rich film. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MLNSCE, LANSCE 12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipkowski, J (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 550 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00292-4 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 711DP UT WOS:000184724600017 ER PT J AU Adams, DM Brus, L Chidsey, CED Creager, S Creutz, C Kagan, CR Kamat, PV Lieberman, M Lindsay, S Marcus, RA Metzger, RM Michel-Beyerle, ME Miller, JR Newton, MD Rolison, DR Sankey, O Schanze, KS Yardley, J Zhu, XY AF Adams, DM Brus, L Chidsey, CED Creager, S Creutz, C Kagan, CR Kamat, PV Lieberman, M Lindsay, S Marcus, RA Metzger, RM Michel-Beyerle, ME Miller, JR Newton, MD Rolison, DR Sankey, O Schanze, KS Yardley, J Zhu, XY TI Charge transfer on the nanoscale: Current status SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DOT CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYER; SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; CAPPED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; BRIDGED MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB This is the report of a DOE-sponsored workshop organized to discuss the status of our understanding of charge-transfer processes on the nanoscale and to identify research and other needs for progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The current status of basic electron-transfer research, both theoretical and experimental, is addressed, with emphasis on the distance-dependent measurements, and we have attempted to integrate terminology and notation of solution electron-transfer kinetics with that of conductance analysis. The interface between molecules or nanoparticles and bulk metals is examined, and new research tools that advance description and understanding of the interface are presented. The present state-of-the-art in molecular electronics efforts is summarized along with future research needs. Finally, novel strategies that exploit nanoscale architectures are presented for enhancing the efficiences of energy conversion based on photochemistry, catalysis, and electrocatalysis principles. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Radiat Lab, Schapiro Ctr CEPSR 12, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kamat, Prashant/B-7969-2008; Maria Elisabeth, Michel-Beyerle/F-7869-2012; Schanze, Kirk/A-7200-2009; OI Schanze, Kirk/0000-0003-3342-4080; Kamat, Prashant/0000-0002-2465-6819 NR 331 TC 715 Z9 720 U1 31 U2 421 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 28 BP 6668 EP 6697 DI 10.1021/jp0268462 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 699YG UT WOS:000184084300003 ER PT J AU Garcia-Adeva, AJ Conradson, DR Villella, P Conradson, SD AF Garcia-Adeva, AJ Conradson, DR Villella, P Conradson, SD TI Signatures of collective local and nanoscale distortions in diffraction experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SCATTERING; PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; PHASE-SEPARATION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION; CRYSTALS; DISORDER; ALLOYS AB The effects of periodic and aperiodic distortions on the structure factor and radial distribution function of single-component lattices are investigated. To this end, different kinds of distortions are applied to the otherwise perfect square lattice and the corresponding radial distribution function and structure factor for the resulting lattices are calculated. When the applied distortions have a periodic character, they are very easily recognized in the calculated structure factors as new superlattice peaks. However, when the periodicity of the distortions is suppressed, the signatures of disorder only show up as smooth and subtle features on the diffuse part of the scattering, making it very difficult to identify the nature of the distortions present in the lattice. The implications of these results are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol MST 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol MST 8, Mailstop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Garcia Adeva, Angel/L-5157-2014 OI Garcia Adeva, Angel/0000-0003-2776-2390 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 28 BP 6704 EP 6716 DI 10.1021/jp034016y PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 699YG UT WOS:000184084300005 ER PT J AU Borodin, O Douglas, R Smith, GA Trouw, F Petrucci, S AF Borodin, O Douglas, R Smith, GA Trouw, F Petrucci, S TI MD Simulations and experimental study of structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics of poly(ethylene oxide) and its oligomers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MELTS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FORCE-FIELD; 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and its oligomers, using quantum chemistry-based force fields with and without many-body polarizable interactions. Inclusion of the many-body polarization in the model resulted in increased populations of the tgt and tgg conformations of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and slightly slower dynamics. Increasing the PEO dipole moment also led to increased populations of the tgt and ttg conformers and slower dynamics. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering, dielectric relaxation, and C-13 spin-lattice relaxation experiments have been performed on PEO and its oligomers. New C-13 NMR experiments yielded spin-lattice relaxation times that were similar to2-3 times larger than those in the previous experiments, which is in good agreement with the current simulation results. Good agreement between the MD simulation results using many-body polarizable and two-body nonpolarizable potentials was found with experiments for thermodynamic, transport, structural, and dynamic properties. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Polytech Univ, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 122 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 304, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Oleg.Borodin@utah.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291; NR 37 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 28 BP 6813 EP 6823 DI 10.1021/jp0275387 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 699YG UT WOS:000184084300018 ER PT J AU Gillooly, JF Charnov, EL Brown, JH Savage, VM West, GB AF Gillooly, JF Charnov, EL Brown, JH Savage, VM West, GB TI Allometry: How reliable is the biological time clock? Reply SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gillooly, JF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6946 BP 270 EP 270 DI 10.1038/424270a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 701RZ UT WOS:000184183900030 ER PT J AU Bryant, Z Stone, MD Gore, J Smith, SB Cozzarelli, NR Bustamante, C AF Bryant, Z Stone, MD Gore, J Smith, SB Cozzarelli, NR Bustamante, C TI Structural transitions and elasticity from torque measurements on DNA SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Knowledge of the elastic properties of DNA is required to understand the structural dynamics of cellular processes such as replication and transcription. Measurements of force and extension on single molecules of DNA(1-3) have allowed direct determination of the molecule's mechanical properties, provided rigorous tests of theories of polymer elasticity(4), revealed unforeseen structural transitions induced by mechanical stresses(3,5-7), and established an experimental and conceptual framework for mechanical assays of enzymes that act on DNA(8). However, a complete description of DNA mechanics must also consider the effects of torque, a quantity that has hitherto not been directly measured in micromanipulation experiments. We have measured torque as a function of twist for stretched DNA-torsional strain in over- or underwound molecules was used to power the rotation of submicrometre beads serving as calibrated loads. Here we report tests of the linearity of DNA's twist elasticity, direct measurements of the torsional modulus (finding a value similar to40% higher than generally accepted), characterization of torque-induced structural transitions, and the establishment of a framework for future assays of torque and twist generation by DNA-dependent enzymes. We also show that cooperative structural transitions in DNA can be exploited to construct constant-torque wind-up motors and force-torque converters. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 335 Z9 346 U1 1 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 424 IS 6946 BP 338 EP 341 DI 10.1038/nature01810 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 701RZ UT WOS:000184183900048 PM 12867987 ER PT J AU Gunion, J Han, T Jiang, J Sopczak, A AF Gunion, J Han, T Jiang, J Sopczak, A TI Determining tan beta with neutral and charged Higgs bosons at a future e(+)e(-) linear collider SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; TOP-QUARK-MASS; 2-HIGGS-DOUBLET MODEL; MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRY; PAIR-PRODUCTION; S-CHANNEL; MSSM; COLLISIONS; POLARIZATION AB The ratio of neutral Higgs field vacuum expectation values, tan beta, is one of the most important parameters to determine in either the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) or a general type-II two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM). Assuming an energy and integrated luminosity of roots- = 500 GeV and L = 2000 fb(-1) at a future linear collider (LC), we show that a very accurate determination of tanbeta will be possible for low and high tanbeta values by measuring the production rates of Higgs bosons and reconstructing Higgs boson decays. In particular, based on a TESLA simulation, and assuming no other light Higgs bosons and 100 less than or equal to m(A) less than or equal to 200 GeV, we find that the rate for the process e(+)e(-) --> b (b) over barA --> b (b) over barb (b) over bar provides a good determination of tan P at high tan P. In the MSSM Higgs sector, in the sample case of MA = 200 GeV, we find that the rates for e(+)e(-) --> b (b) over barA + b (b) over barH --> b (b) over barb (b) over bar and for e(+)e(-) --> HA --> b (b) over barb (b) over bar provide a good determination of tanbeta at high and low tan)3, respectively. We also show that the direct measurement of the average total widths of the H and A in e(+)e(-) --> HA --> b (b) over barb (b) over bar events provides an excellent determination of tanbeta at large values. In addition, the charged Higgs boson process e(+)e(-) --> H+H- --> t (b) over bart (b) over bar has been studied. The sensitivity to tanbeta at the LHC obtained directly from heavy Higgs boson production is briefly compared to the LC results. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Davis, HEP, Davis Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. RP Gunion, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, HEP, Davis Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM andre.sopczak@cern.ch NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 565 IS 1-4 BP 42 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03000763-9 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 700CP UT WOS:000184095300006 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, W Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Boch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, D Skillicorn, OI Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, A Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, R Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, K Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Rigby, M Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, P Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, GD Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, W Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Boch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Moritz, M Nguyen, CN Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Wessoleck, H Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lee, SW Lupi, A Saxon, D Skillicorn, OI Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, A Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Lim, H Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, R Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, K Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grzelak, G Patel, S Rigby, M Sutton, MR Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, P Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Saull, PRB Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, GD Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaborat TI Dijet angular distributions in photoproduction of charm at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY FLAVOR PRODUCTION; ENERGY HADRON-COLLISIONS; INITIAL-STATE RADIATION; CARLO GENERATOR CASCADE; QUARK PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; SMALL-X; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD COHERENCE; PHOTON AB Dijet angular distributions of photoproduction events in which a D*(+/-) meson is produced in association with one of two energetic jets have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb(-1). Differential cross sections as a function of the angle between the charm-jet and the proton-beam direction in the dijet rest frame have been measured for samples enriched in direct or resolved photon events. The results are compared with predictions from leading order parton-shower Monte Carlo models and with next-to-leading-order QCD calculations. The angular distributions show clear evidence for the existence of charm originating from the photon. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Min & Met Krakow, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Aegean, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, Didcot, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rik.yoshida@desy.de RI Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012 OI Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; NR 58 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 565 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00752-4 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 700CP UT WOS:000184095300009 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Rapidity asymmetry in high-energy d + A collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TO-LEADING ORDER; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON-PRODUCTION; KAON PRODUCTION; 158A GEV; QCD; PARTICLES AB In contrast to the recent prediction,of high p(T) hadron suppression within the parton saturation model, it is shown that multiple parton scattering suffered by the projectile will enhance high p(T) hadron spectra in d + A collisions relative to a superposition of binary p + p collisions at RHIC. A stronger enhancement in the forward rapidity region of the projectile is also predicted, resulting in a unique rapidity asymmetry of the hadron spectra at high p(T). The shape of the rapidity asymmetry should be reversed for low p(T) hadrons that are dominated by soft and coherent interactions which suppress hadron spectra in the projectile rapidity region. The phenomenon at the LHC energies is shown. to be qualitatively different because of parton shadowing. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Mailstop 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 565 IS 1-4 BP 116 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00756-1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 700CP UT WOS:000184095300012 ER PT J AU Chacko, Z Grojean, C Perelstein, M AF Chacko, Z Grojean, C Perelstein, M TI Fine structure constant variation from a late phase transition SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; TIME-VARIATION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; UNIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; DOUBLET; SEARCH; SO(10) AB Recent experimental data indicates that the fine structure constant a may be varying on cosmological time scales. We consider the possibility that such a variation could be induced by a second order phase transition which occurs at late times (z similar to 1-3) and involves a change in the vacuum expectation value (vev) of a scalar with milli-eV mass. Such light scalars are natural in supersymmetric theories with low SUSY breaking scale. If the vev of this scalar contributes to masses of electrically charged fields, the low-energy value of alpha changes during the phase transition. The observational predictions of this scenario include isotope-dependent deviations from Newtonian gravity at sub-millimeter distances, and (if the phase transition is a sharp event on cosmological time scales) the presence of a well-defined step-like feature in the alpha (z) plot. The relation between the fractional changes in a and the QCD confinement scale is highly model dependent, and even in grand unified theories the change in a does not need to be accompanied by a large shift in nucleon masses. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Chacko, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI grojean, christophe/0000-0002-7196-7361 NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 17 PY 2003 VL 565 IS 1-4 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00766-4 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 700CP UT WOS:000184095300019 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Zhang, W Wood, B DebRoy, T AF Elmer, JW Palmer, TA Zhang, W Wood, B DebRoy, T TI Kinetic modeling of phase transformations occurring in the HAZ of C-Mn steel welds based on direct observations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE spatially resolved X-ray diffraction; phase transformations; kinetics; welding; steels ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; FUSION WELDS; ARC WELDS; AUSTENITE; DIAGRAMS; FERRITE; TIME; MICROSTRUCTURE AB In situ Spatially Resolved X-Ray Diffraction (SRXRD) experiments were performed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welds of AISI 1005 C-Mn steel to directly observe welding induced phase transformations. These real-time observations were semi-quantified using diffraction peak profile analysis to construct a phase transformation map revealing ferrite (alpha) and austenite (gamma) phase concentration gradients in the HAZ. Weld thermal cycles were calculated using a three-dimensional heat transfer and fluid flow model and then combined with the SRXRD phase map to provide a complete description of the HAZ under actual welding conditions. Kinetic modelling of the alpha-->gamma phase transformation during heating was performed using a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami analysis, modified to take into account non-uniform weld heating and transformation in the alpha+gamma two-phase field. The results provide the most accurate JMA kinetic parameters to date for this alloy, n=1.45 and ln(ko)=12.2, for an activation energy Q=117.1 kJ/mole. Using this kinetic description of the alpha-->gamma phase transformation, time temperature transformation (TTT) and continuous heating transformation (CHT) diagrams for this alloy were constructed to illustrate how the combination of SRXRD experiments and numerical modeling from one weld can be used to predict phase transformations for a variety of welding and heat treating applications. (C) 2003 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010; Zhang, Wei/B-9471-2013 NR 37 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 9 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 12 BP 3333 EP 3349 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00049-1 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 701VH UT WOS:000184189300001 ER PT J AU Borovsky, JE Funsten, HO AF Borovsky, Joseph E. Funsten, Herbert O. TI MHD turbulence in the Earth's plasma sheet: Dynamics, dissipation, and driving SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE viscoelastic; quasi-viscosity; vorticity; turbulence; MHD; magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling AB The turbulent flows and tangled magnetic fields of the Earth's plasma sheet are explored theoretically and by means of ISEE-2 plasma and magnetic-field measurements. The goal is to obtain a basic understanding of (1) the dynamics, (2) the driving, and (3) the dissipation of the turbulence. Dynamically, the turbulence of the plasma sheet appears to be a turbulence of eddies, rather than a turbulence of Alfven waves or other MHD modes. In this respect, it is similar to the two-dimensional turbulence of the solar wind. Previously published statistical arguments that the correlation length (= integral scale = eddy size) of the turbulence fluctuations in the plasma sheet is l(eddy) similar to 1.6 R-E are confirmed by analyzing plasma sheet magnetic-field measurements during two special "sweeping" intervals that follow the passage of interplanetary shocks. For dissipation of the turbulence, two mechanisms appear to be important. The first is a cascade of energy in the turbulence to small spatial scales, where internal dissipation at non-MHD spatial scales should occur. The second mechanism is electrical coupling of the turbulent flows to the resistive ionosphere, which introduces a "quasi-viscosity" to the plasma sheet. This quasi-viscosity is complicated owing (1) to a time delay associated with Alfven-transit-time coupling (introducing a viscoelasticity to the turbulence), (2) to a scalesize dependence of the coupling (introducing a hypoviscosity), and (3) to a dependence of the coupling on the sign of the flow shear (introducing a sign-vorticity effect). For the coupling of the plasma sheet turbulence to the ionosphere, retarded-time Reynolds numbers R* are derived to describe the importance of the resulting dissipation (quasi-viscosity) and a Deborah number D is derived to describe the importance of the time lag (elasticity). The difference of the plasma sheet turbulence from homogeneous turbulence is discussed; this dissimilarity is owed to (a) dissipation at all wave numbers in the plasma sheet, (b) the presence of boundaries, and (c) the limited range of spatial scales that will allow scale-invariant dynamics. A better description of the plasma sheet turbulence would be "turbulence in a box" or a turbulent wake. C1 [Borovsky, Joseph E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Funsten, Herbert O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borovsky, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jborovksy@lanl.gov; hfunsten@lanl.gov RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 FU NASA; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors wish to thank Ralph Aldredge, Elizabeth Antonova, Joachim Birn, Bill Daughton, Rick Elphic, Peter Gary, Jack Gosling, Sandy Kedge, Bill Matthaeus, Kurt Moore, Elena Neagu, Anatoli Petrukovich, Michelle Thomsen, and Dan Winske for their help and to thank Sam Bame, Jack Gosling, Alan Lazarus, Chris Russell, and Ed Smith for satellite data. This work was supported by NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy. Lou-Chuang Lee thanks A. J. Klimas and John W. Bonnell for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 310 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 108 IS A7 AR 1284 DI 10.1029/2002JA009625 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V93FN UT WOS:000206301100001 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Holland, D Urquidi, J Gee, IA Benmore, CJ Johnson, CE AF Johnson, JA Holland, D Urquidi, J Gee, IA Benmore, CJ Johnson, CE TI Structure of oxychloride glasses by neutron and x-ray 'difference' and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ZINC-CHLORIDE; DIFFRACTION; LEAD; OXIDE; SB2O3; ZNCL2 AB A previous study of the binary system, [Sb2O3](x)-[ZnCl2](1-x) (Johnson et al 2003 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 755-64), where nominally x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00, has been extended to include Sb2O3-PbCl2. Information about the structure has been obtained from a combination of neutron and x-ray diffraction measurements, which were complemented by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data clearly show preferential bonding of oxygen to antimony and chlorine to zinc or lead in a single-phase glass with minimal change in the polyhedral structure with composition. The structure appears to be controlled by the need to avoid Sb-Cl-Sb links. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014; OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 27 BP 4679 EP 4693 AR PII S0953-8984(03)59343-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/15/27/303 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708ZQ UT WOS:000184600600007 ER PT J AU Smirnov, AI Poluektov, OG AF Smirnov, AI Poluektov, OG TI Substrate-supported lipid nanotube arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANES; BILAYERS C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smirnov, AI (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204,2620 Yarbrough Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Smirnov, Alex/Q-9818-2016 OI Smirnov, Alex/0000-0002-0037-2555 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 16 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 28 BP 8434 EP 8435 DI 10.1021/ja0349406 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 700YC UT WOS:000184137900008 PM 12848539 ER PT J AU Belgrader, P Elkin, CJ Brown, SB Nasarabadi, SN Langlois, RG Milanovich, FP Colston, BW Marshall, GD AF Belgrader, P Elkin, CJ Brown, SB Nasarabadi, SN Langlois, RG Milanovich, FP Colston, BW Marshall, GD TI A reusable flow-through polymerase chain reaction instrument for the continuous monitoring of infectious biological agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROCHIP PCR; DNA AB Continuous monitoring of the environment for infectious diseases and related biowarfare agents requires the implementation of practical cost-effective methodologies that are highly sensitive and specific. One compatible method employed in clinical diagnostics is real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The utility of this technique for environmental monitoring is limited, however, by the utilization of single-use consumables in commercial PCR instruments. This greatly increases mechanical complexity, because sophisticated robotic mechanisms must replenish the disposable elements. An alternative strategy develops an autonomous monitoring system consisting of reusable modules that readily interface with fluidic circuitry in a flow-through scheme. The reduced complexity should increase reliability while decreasing operating costs. In this report, we describe a reusable, flow-through PCR module that functions as one component in such a system. This module was rigorously evaluated with Bacillus anthracis genomic DNA and demonstrated high repeatability, sensitivity, and efficiency, with no evidence of sample-to-sample carryover. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Microfluid Syst Inc, Pleasanton, CA 94566 USA. Global FIA Inc, Fox Island, WA 98333 USA. RP Colston, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 73 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 14 BP 3446 EP 3450 DI 10.1021/ac034062u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 709WL UT WOS:000184649500024 PM 14570196 ER PT J AU Shen, YF Moore, RJ Zhao, R Blonder, J Auberry, DL Masselon, C Pasa-Tolic, L Hixson, KK Auberry, KJ Smith, RD AF Shen, YF Moore, RJ Zhao, R Blonder, J Auberry, DL Masselon, C Pasa-Tolic, L Hixson, KK Auberry, KJ Smith, RD TI High-efficiency on-line solid-phase extraction coupling to 15-150-mu m-id column liquid chromatography for proteomic analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CAPILLARY; IONIZATION AB The ability to manipulate and effectively utilize small proteomic samples is important for analyses using liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) and becomes more challenging for very low flow rates due to extra column volume effects on separation quality. Here we report on the use of commercial switching valves (150-mum channels) for implementing the on-line coupling of capillary LC columns operated at 10 000 psi with relatively large solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns. With the use of optimized column connections, switching modes, and SPE column dimensions, high-efficiency on-line SPE-capillary and nanoscale LC separations were obtained demonstrating peak capacities of similar to1000 for capillaries having inner diameters between 15 and 150 mum. The on-line coupled SPE columns increased the sample processing capacity by similar to400-fold for sample solution volume and similar to10-fold for sample mass. The proteomic applications of this on-line SPE-capillary LC system were evaluated for analysis of both soluble and membrane protein tryptic digests. Using an ion trap tandem MS it was typically feasible to identify 1100-1500 unique peptides in a 5-h analysis. Peptides extracted from the SPE column and then eluted from the LC column covered a hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity range that included an estimated similar to98% of all tryptic peptides. The SPE-capillary LC implementation also facilitates automation and enables use of both disposable SPE columns and electrospray emitters, providing a robust basis for automated proteomic analyses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86340] NR 26 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 14 BP 3596 EP 3605 DI 10.1021/ac0300690 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 709WL UT WOS:000184649500043 PM 14570215 ER PT J AU Perez, GP Yelton, WG Cernosek, RW Simonson, RJ Crooks, RM AF Perez, GP Yelton, WG Cernosek, RW Simonson, RJ Crooks, RM TI Gas adsorption gates based on ultrathin composite polymer films SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-CONFINED MONOLAYERS; PHASE PROBE MOLECULES; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); MIXED MONOLAYERS; SENSOR MATERIALS; DENDRIMER; MEMBRANES; GOLD; GROWTH AB High surface area alumina coatings were prepared on surface acoustic wave (SAW) mass balances. These coatings were fabricated by anodic etching of evaporated aluminum films. The coatings consisted of roughly collinear pores penetrating through the monolithic alumina film. The nanoporous (NP) coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the pore number density and diameter were found to be (3.8 +/- 0.5) x 10(3) pores/mum(2) and 6.8 +/- 4.8 nm, respectively. The mass of volatile organic compounds that adsorbed onto naked and chemically modified NP alumina coatings was measured using SAW mass balances and compared to the mass absorbed onto SAW devices having planar aluminum coatings. Thirty-four times more heptane adsorbed to the naked NP coating than to the planar coating. The mass loading response was also measured after modification with organic thin films (3 - 12 nm thick) that spanned the pores of the NP coating. These organic thin films were composed of sixth-generation, amine-terminated poly(amido amine) dendrimers and poly(maleic anhydride)c-poly(methyl vinyl ether) (Gantrez). The key result of this study is that these organic thin films modulate adsorption of VOCs onto the pore walls of the NP alumina. Specifically, a single 3-nm-thick monolayer of the dendrimer reduces permeability of the VOCs by similar to17%, whereas a 12-nm-thick G6-NH2/Gantrez composite reduces permeability by 100%. Thus, the polymer composite acts as a nonselective gate that controls access of VOCs to the underlying surface area of the pores. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Photon Microsyst Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Micro Analyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crooks, RM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POB 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 14 BP 3625 EP 3630 DI 10.1021/ac0264473 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 709WL UT WOS:000184649500046 PM 14570218 ER PT J AU Siriwardane, RV Poston, JA Fisher, EP Lee, TH Dorris, SE Balachandran, U AF Siriwardane, RV Poston, JA Fisher, EP Lee, TH Dorris, SE Balachandran, U TI Characterization of ceramic-metal composite hydrogen separation membranes consisting of barium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide and palladium SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high temperature membranes; hydrogen separation membranes; ceramic membranes; surface characterization of membranes ID DESULFURIZATION SORBENTS AB Cermet (ceramic-metal composite) hydrogen separation membranes consisting of barium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide and palladium were characterized by utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/ energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Characterization was performed at room temperature and 650 degreesC, and after exposure to hydrogen. Changes in both elemental composition and oxidation states were observed at elevated temperatures and as a function of time. Permeation of hydrogen through the membranes also changed with time and temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Siriwardane, RV (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 217 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00562-2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 699RF UT WOS:000184069200008 ER PT J AU Li, Y Yu, JH Liu, DH Yan, WF Xu, RR Xu, Y AF Li, Y Yu, JH Liu, DH Yan, WF Xu, RR Xu, Y TI Design of zeolite frameworks with defined pore geometry through constrained assembly of atoms SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL LAYERED ALUMINOPHOSPHATES; SYSTEMATIC ENUMERATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; (3-) STOICHIOMETRY; 1ST PRINCIPLES; PREDICTION; TECTOSILICATES; TOPOLOGY; NETWORKS; RINGS AB A computational method for design of zeolite frameworks with specified pore geometry has been developed through constrained assembly of atoms around a specified pore structure. Forbidden zones, corresponding to a porous pattern, are first defined in a unit cell, and then, atoms are inserted on the basis of specified symmetry and distance constraints. Using the design of zeolite frameworks with a hexagonal space group P6(3)/mmc (No. 194) as an example, various structure topologies have been generated by our computer program, through enumeration of combinations of different pore sizes, different numbers of unique T atoms, and different site symmetries. These structures include a number of known zeolite frameworks, including GME, ERI, EAB, LOS, AFX, and AFG, as well as a number of novel zeolite frameworks that have comparable potential energies to known zeolites. Interesting frameworks with cross-linked channels can be obtained by assuming some particular space groups. A framework with 3-D interconnected 12-membered ring channels has been designed by assuming the tetragonal space group P4(2)/mmc (No. 131). This method provides a fast search of new and interesting zeolite frameworks with desired pore geometry and will be an aid for a synthetically oriented chemist. C1 Jilin Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Jilin Univ, Coll Chem, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. RI Li, Yi/C-1180-2011; yu, jihong/C-1381-2011 OI Li, Yi/0000-0002-5222-3674; yu, jihong/0000-0003-1991-2942 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 15 IS 14 BP 2780 EP 2785 DI 10.1021/cm0213826 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 699ZE UT WOS:000184087000019 ER PT J AU Davis, AN Morton, SA Counce, RM DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC AF Davis, AN Morton, SA Counce, RM DePaoli, DW Hu, MZC TI Ionic strength effects on hexadecane contact angles on a gold-coated glass surface in ionic surfactant solutions SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE surfactant; ionic strength; contact angle; gold surface; aqueous cleaning ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; CATIONIC SURFACTANTS; ADSORPTION; SILICA; OIL; PH; CLASSIFICATION; DETERGENCY; INTERFACE; KINETICS AB As aqueous surfactant cleaning becomes increasingly prevalent in industry, an understanding behind surfactant cleaning behavior is needed to improve the systems. Improvements in these aqueous surfactant solution systems can reduce the impact of the industrial cleaning systems on the environment and improve their efficiency. Studying various parameters of the cleaning systems can provide useful insight into surfactant behavior. The contact angle of the soil to the solid surface is strongly related to cleaning system performance and is a relatively simple parameter to measure. For this study, a simplified cleaning system was studied to investigate the effects of modifications to the surfactant system. The contact angle of hexadecane on a gold-coated glass surface in aqueous surfactant solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were determined up to and above the critical micelle concentrations. The effects of modifying the ionic strength of the aqueous surfactant solution by the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) have been studied. Similar trends in contact angle behavior of the oil droplet to the gold-coated surface were found for both the anionic (SDS) and cationic (CTAB) surfactant systems. The addition of NaCl to the aqueous surfactant systems resulted in a significant increase in the contact angles over the surfactants concentration ranges. The increasing trend in the contact angles was observed for NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mM, while little effect was noted for the higher NaCl concentrations. The observed effect is consistent with literature on electrostatic-charge-induced changes in surfactant adsorption at the solid surface. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Technol Div, Seperat & Mat Res Grp, Dept Chem Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Counce, RM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 419 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 221 IS 1-3 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(03)00132-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 705BY UT WOS:000184377400008 ER PT J AU Lister, TE Pinhero, PJ AF Lister, TE Pinhero, PJ TI The effect of localized electric fields on the detection of dissolved sulfur species from Type 304 stainless steel using scanning electrochemical microscopy SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE SECM; stainless; corrosion; pitting; IR effect ID IN-SITU OBSERVATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; PITTING CORROSION; SULFIDE INCLUSIONS; INITIATION AB This paper discusses a method for imaging localized sulfur concentrations dissolved from sulfide inclusions in Type 304 stainless steels. The method involves amperometric detection using the I-/I-3(-) redox couple as a mediator for sulfide oxidation. The microelectrode current for I- oxidation is amplified by chemical reduction of I-3(-) to I- by dissolved thiosulfate and/or H2S. While galvanostatically inducing corrosion, an unexpected current inversion at the microelectrode was observed at higher sample current densities in close proximity to the area where sulfur was detected at lower sample current. In the article first describing this method, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147 (2000) 4120 did not observe this feature. It was found that the inverted feature resulted from the localized increase in the electric field at the corrosion site, shifting the potential of the microelectrode when positioned over the site. The electric field measurement is analogous to measurements performed using a scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). This paper presents the first known combination of localized electric fields and chemical detection for determining localized electrochemical activity at a corroding surface. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Pinhero, PJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM pinhpj@inel.gov NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 48 IS 17 BP 2371 EP 2378 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00228-7 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 701KN UT WOS:000184166900001 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Bennett, DH AF McKone, TE Bennett, DH TI Chemical-specific representation of air-soil exchange and soil penetration in regional multimedia models SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CONTAMINANT FATE; TRANSPORT; VOLATILIZATION; VOLATILE; HYDROCARBONS; SUBSTANCES AB In multimedia mass-balance models, the soil compartment is an important sink as well as a conduit for transfers to vegetation and shallow groundwater. Here a novel approach for constructing soil transport algorithms for multimedia fate models is developed and evaluated. The resulting algorithms account for diffusion in gas and liquid components; advection in gas, liquid, or solid phases; and multiple transformation processes. They also provide an explicit quantification of the characteristic soil penetration depth. We construct a compartment model using three and four soil layers to replicate with high reliability the flux and mass distribution obtained from the exact analytical solution describing the transient dispersion, advection, and transformation of chemicals in soil layers with different properties but a fixed boundary condition at the air-soil surface. The soil compartment algorithms can be dynamically linked to other compartments (air, vegetation, groundwater, surface water) in multimedia fate models. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance of the algorithms in a model with applications to benzene, benzo[a]pyrene, MTBE, TCDD, and tritium. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3123 EP 3132 DI 10.1021/es0258529 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 702QF UT WOS:000184234000013 PM 12901660 ER PT J AU Susskind, H Hymowitz, MH Lau, YH Atkins, HL Hurewitz, AN Valentine, ES Meek, AG Zucker, S AF Susskind, H Hymowitz, MH Lau, YH Atkins, HL Hurewitz, AN Valentine, ES Meek, AG Zucker, S TI Increased plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung and breast cancer are altered during chest radiotherapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation-induced lung injury; radiation pneumonitis; radiotherapy; matrix metalloproteinase; Tc-99m DTPA; lung clearance ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; RADIATION PNEUMONITIS; X-IRRADIATION; MATRIX; INJURY; COLLAGENASE; STROMELYSIN; COMPLEXES; ASSAY AB Purpose: Does the release of plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by radiation-activated airway epithelial cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells play a role in the radiation damage or repair process in the lungs? We evaluated lung damage by ionizing radiation using plasma levels of MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and MMP-3 as biologic markers of tissue damage, and also their relationship to changes in pulmonary epithelial permeability, clinical signs and symptoms, and lung structural changes. Methods and Materials: Seven serial studies were conducted in each of 8 patients undergoing chest radiotherapy (RT) for lung or breast cancer, beginning before the first treatment (baseline) and then biweekly to similar to100 days during and after RT. Chest radiographs were monitored for each patient. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) were used to measure plasma MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels. Lung permeability was evaluated by measuring the rate of epithelial clearance of similar to150 muCi (similar to5.6 MBq) inhaled Tc-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetate aerosol (DTPA). Results: Lung and breast cancer resulted in very high plasma levels of MMP-9 (126-893 ng/mL) and TIMP-1 (496-8,985 ng/mL) in all subjects studied before initiation of RT. This compares with plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 values in healthy volunteers of 29 +/- 11 ng/mL and 436 +/- 86 ng/mL, respectively. RT was followed by a sharp decrease in plasma MMP-9 within the first 2 weeks, but without a corresponding change in TIMP-1. In contrast, plasma MMP-3 levels, which are generally increased with inflammation, were elevated in only 1 of 5 subjects. Conclusion: Lung and breast cancer are associated with high plasma levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. These high baseline plasma levels of MMP-9 were reduced in the first 2 weeks of RT in 7 of 8 subjects, and TIMP-1 plasma levels remained high in all subjects. The decrease in plasma MMP-9 after initiation of chest RT appears to reflect a suppressive effect on cancer-induced cellular responses rather than a primary role for MMP-9 in radiation-induced lung damage. Likewise, the lack of a rise in plasma MMP-3 levels does not support a role for MMP-3 in tissue injury or repair in the lung. It remains to be determined whether plasma MMP-9 measurements will serve as a useful parameter in predicting cancer relapse. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Clin Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Northport, NY USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Res, Northport, NY USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Susskind, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Clin Res Ctr, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1161 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(03)00161-5 PG 9 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 697HX UT WOS:000183937500033 PM 12829155 ER PT J AU Lin, LL Li, ZY Ho, KM AF Lin, LL Li, ZY Ho, KM TI Lattice symmetry applied in transfer-matrix methods for photonic crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; BAND-GAP STRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; MODAL METHOD; FORMULATION AB Transfer-matrix methods have been routinely used to calculate the transmission and reflection spectra of electromagnetic waves propagating through a photonic crystal slab. In this article we show that the intrinsic lattice symmetries within a photonic crystal can be used to reduce numerical computations of the electromagnetic problem. We have employed this lattice-symmetry enhanced transfer-matrix method to handle two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs of square and triangular lattices and three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystal slabs. The calculated transmission spectra agree excellently with the photonic band structures in predicting the photonic band gap positions, indicating the accuracy and efficiency of this proposed approach. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, LL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 811 EP 821 DI 10.1063/1.1587011 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200001 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ AF Smirnov, A Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ TI Enhanced ionization in the cylindrical Hall thruster SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; DISCHARGE AB Conventional annular Hall thrusters do not scale efficiently to low power. An alternative approach, a cylindrical Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field distribution, has been investigated. A relatively large 9-cm-diam version of a cylindrical thruster, operated in 300-1000 W power range, and the 2.6 cm miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster, operated in the power range 50-300 W, exhibited performance comparable with conventional annular Hall thrusters of the similar size. The cylindrical thrusters have unusually high propellant utilization, compared to conventional Hall thrusters. Numerical simulations, performed within the framework of a quasi-one-dimensional stationary thruster model, show that the increase in the propellant utilization does not appear to be quantitatively explained by a reduction of plasma wall losses. A more complete theoretical model, likely including kinetic effects, will be necessary to explain the observed propellant utilization effect. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 852 EP 857 DI 10.1063/1.1585114 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200005 ER PT J AU Beyea, SD Caprihan, A Glass, SJ DiGiovanni, A AF Beyea, SD Caprihan, A Glass, SJ DiGiovanni, A TI Nondestructive characterization of nanopore microstructure: Spatially resolved Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherms using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS; CONFINED SYSTEMS; SIMULATION AB This article presents the results of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of gas adsorption/desorption in nanoporous solids. MR images obtained as a function of the equilibrium pressure, at constant temperature, form a pixel-by-pixel map of adsorption isotherms. Analysis of these isotherms using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory results in spatial maps of the specific surface area, the net energy of adsorption, and the pore morphology. Results obtained using MRI for gamma-Al2O3 and ZnO powders and partially sintered ceramics of these materials, as well as Vycor(R) porous glass, compare well to results for bulk samples obtained using conventional N-2 BET adsorption. MRI studies of gas adsorption are shown to provide statistical averages of the pore microstructure parameters, resolved on a macroscopic scale. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beyea, SD (reprint author), New Mexico Resonance, 2301 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 935 EP 941 DI 10.1063/1.1581348 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200018 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KJ Arp, U Baciero, A Zurro, B Karlin, BA AF McCarthy, KJ Arp, U Baciero, A Zurro, B Karlin, BA TI Response of chromium-doped alumina screens to soft x rays using synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES; QUANTUM EFFICIENCIES; DETECTORS; BEAMLINE; PLASMAS; DECAY; RANGE AB We have measured the response of chromium-doped alumina screens to soft x-ray radiation and derived quantum efficiency curves for the energy range from 2.5 to 4.5 keV. Persistent luminescence (or afterglow) from this material is observed for several minutes following the removal of the x-ray source. It is also observed that the luminescence output rises gradually for several minutes before maximizing during x-ray irradiation. In the article we discuss possible sources of this delayed luminescence and its consequences for application of these screens as soft x-ray detectors. Such screens have found application as narrow-band radiation detectors for a hot fusion plasma diagnostic. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Asociac Euratom, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McCarthy, KJ (reprint author), CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Asociac Euratom, Avenida Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Baciero, Alfonso/B-4942-2008; Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; Zurro, Bernardo/L-2199-2014; OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 958 EP 962 DI 10.1063/1.1586988 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200021 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Wu, J Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Beeman, JW Pillai, MR Aziz, MJ AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Wu, J Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Beeman, JW Pillai, MR Aziz, MJ TI Synthesis of GaNxAs1-x thin films by pulsed laser melting and rapid thermal annealing of N+-implanted GaAs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP ENERGY; ION-IMPLANTATION; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; SOLAR-CELLS; NITROGEN; GAINNAS; DEPENDENCE; GANAS AB We present a systematic investigation on the formation of the highly mismatched alloy GaNxAs1-x using N+-implantation followed by a combination of pulsed laser melting and rapid thermal annealing. Thin films of GaNxAs1-x with x as high as 0.016 and an activation efficiency of the implanted N up to 50% have been synthesized with structural and optical properties comparable to films grown by epitaxial deposition techniques with similar substitutional N content. The effects of N+ implantation dose, laser energy fluence, and rapid thermal annealing temperature on the N incorporation as well as optical and structural properties of the GaNxAs1-x films are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kmyu@lbl.gov RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 30 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 1043 EP 1049 DI 10.1063/1.1582393 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695QR UT WOS:000183842200034 ER PT J AU Shabalovskaya, S Rondelli, G Anderegg, J Simpson, B Budko, S AF Shabalovskaya, S Rondelli, G Anderegg, J Simpson, B Budko, S TI Effect of chemical etching and aging in boiling water on the corrosion resistance of nitinol wires with black oxide resulting from manufacturing process SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nitinol surface treatment; corrosion resistance; potentiodynamic; modified ASTM F746 potentiostatic and scratch tests; stress-corrosion-cracking; precipitates ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; AORTIC ENDOGRAFTS; TITANIUM-ALLOY; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; IMPLANTS; BEHAVIOR; TESTS; LAYER; TINI AB The effect of chemical etching in a HF/HNO3 acid solution and aging in boiling water on the corrosion resistance of Nitinol wires with black oxide has been evaluated with the use of potentiodynamic, modified potentiostatic ASTM F746, and scratch tests. Scanning-electron microscopy, elemental XPS, and Auger analysis were employed to characterize surface alterations induced by surface treatment and corrosion testing. The effect of aging in boiling water on the temperatures of martensitic transformations and shape recovery was evaluated by means of measuring the wire electroresistance. After corrosion tests, as-received wires revealed uniformly cracked surfaces reminiscent of the stress-corrosion-cracking phenomenon. These wires exhibited negative breakdown potentials in potentiostatic tests and variable breakdown potentials in potentiodynamic tests (- 100 mV to + 400 mV versus SCE). Wires with treated surfaces did not reveal cracking or other traces of corrosion attacks in potentiodynamic tests up to + 900-1400-mV potentials and no pitting after stimulation at + 800 mV in potentiostatic tests. They exhibited corrosion behavior satisfactory for medical applications. Significant improvement of corrosion parameters was observed on the reverse scans in potentiodynamic tests after exposure of treated wires to potentials > 1000 mV. In scratch tests, the prepared surfaces repassivated only at low potentials, comparable to that of stainless steel. Tremendous improvement of the corrosion behavior of treated Nitinol wires is associated with the removal of defect surface material and the growth of stable TiO2 oxide. The role of precipitates in the corrosion resistance of Nitinol-scratch repassivation capacity in particular-is emphasized in the discussion. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab,DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. CNR, Inst Energy & Interface, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Shabalovskaya, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab,DOE, Room 234,Wilhelm Rd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01 HL67632-01] NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 66B IS 1 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.10017 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 697CB UT WOS:000183923700007 PM 12808592 ER PT J AU Novaro, V Roskelley, CD Bissell, MJ AF Novaro, V Roskelley, CD Bissell, MJ TI Collagen-IV and laminin-1 regulate estrogen receptor alpha expression and function in mouse mammary epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE basement membrane; extracellular matrix; mammary fibroblasts; integrins ID BREAST-CARCINOMA CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYCLIN D1; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; ALPHA-6-BETA-4 INTEGRIN; ALPHA-2-BETA-1 INTEGRIN; INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; MALIGNANT PHENOTYPE AB The expression level and functional activity of estrogen receptor alpha is an important determinant of breast physiology and breast cancer treatment. However, it has been difficult to identify the signals that regulate estrogen receptor because cultured mammary epithelial cells generally do not respond to estrogenic signals. Here, we use a combination of two- and three-dimensional culture systems to dissect the extracellular signals that control endogenous estrogen receptor alpha. Its expression was greatly reduced when primary mammary epithelial cells were placed on tissue culture plastic; however, the presence of a reconstituted basement membrane in combination with lactogenic hormones partially prevented this decrease. Estrogen receptor alpha expression in primary mammary fibroblasts was not altered by these culture conditions, indicating that its regulation is cell type specific. Moreover, estrogen receptor-dependent reporter gene expression, as well as estrogen receptor a levels, were increased threefold in a functionally normal mammary epithelial cell line when reconstituted basement membrane was, added to the medium. This regulatory effect of reconstituted basement membrane was reproduced by two of its components, collagen-IV and laminin-1, and it was blocked by antibodies against alpha2, alpha6 and beta1 integrin subunits. Our results indicate that integrin-mediated response to specific basement membrane components, rather than cell rounding or cell growth arrest induced by reconstituted basement membrane, is critical in the regulation of estrogen receptor alpha expression and function in mammary epithelial cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Anat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Roskelley, Calvin /F-4630-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA057621-07, R01 CA057621, CA57621] NR 59 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 116 IS 14 BP 2975 EP 2986 DI 10.1242/jcs.00523 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 704XZ UT WOS:000184368100017 PM 12808020 ER PT J AU Miller, WH Zhao, Y Ceotto, M Yang, S AF Miller, WH Zhao, Y Ceotto, M Yang, S TI Quantum instanton approximation for thermal rate constants of chemical reactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; MECHANICAL RATE CONSTANTS; COLLINEAR H&H2 REACTION; NONSEPARABLE SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; REPRESENTATION; FORMULATION; SIMULATIONS; COLLISIONS; DENSITY AB A quantum mechanical theory for chemical reaction rates is presented which is modeled after the [semiclassical (SC)] instanton approximation. It incorporates the desirable aspects of the instanton picture, which involves only properties of the (SC approximation to the) Boltzmann operator, but corrects its quantitative deficiencies by replacing the SC approximation for the Boltzmann operator by the quantum Boltzmann operator, exp(-betaH). Since a calculation of the quantum Boltzmann operator is feasible for quite complex molecular systems (by Monte Carlo path integral methods), having an accurate rate theory that involves only the Boltzmann operator could be quite useful. The application of this quantum instanton approximation to several one- and two-dimensional model problems illustrates its potential; e.g., it is able to describe thermal rate constants accurately (similar to10-20% error) from high to low temperatures deep in the tunneling regime, and applies equally well to asymmetric and symmetric potentials. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhao, Yi/G-4632-2010; Ceotto, Michele/C-6805-2009 OI Ceotto, Michele/0000-0002-8270-3409 NR 42 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1329 EP 1342 DI 10.1063/1.1580110 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 696YL UT WOS:000183915100007 ER PT J AU El Akramine, O Kollias, AC Lester, WA AF El Akramine, O Kollias, AC Lester, WA TI Quantum Monte Carlo study of singlet-triplet transition in ethylene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; EXCITED-STATES; HARTREE-FOCK; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; ENERGY; ATOMS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB A theoretical study is reported of the transition between the ground state ((1)A(g)) and the lowest triplet state (1 B-3(1u)) of ethylene based on the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) variant of the quantum Monte Carlo method. Using DMC trial functions constructed from Hartree-Fock calculations, complete active-space self-consistent field and multiconfiguration self-consistent field wave functions, we have computed the atomization energy and heat of formation of both states and the adiabatic and vertical energy differences between these states using both all-electron and effective core potential DMC methods. The ground-state atomization energy and heat of formation are found to agree with experiment to within the error bounds of the computation and experiment. Predictions by the DMC method of the triplet-state atomization energy and heat of formation are presented. The adiabatic singlet-triplet energy difference is found to differ by 5 kcal/mol from the value obtained in a recent photodissociation experiment. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP El Akramine, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1483 EP 1488 DI 10.1063/1.1579466 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 696YL UT WOS:000183915100023 ER PT J AU George, GN Pickering, IJ Harris, HH Yu, EY AF George, GN Pickering, IJ Harris, HH Yu, EY TI Structural insights in bioinorganic chemistry from X-ray absorption spectroscopy. SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 37 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80467-1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800056 ER PT J AU Scheidt, WR Wyllie, GRA Ellison, MK Sage, JT Rai, BK Durbin, SM Sturhahn, W Alp, EE AF Scheidt, WR Wyllie, GRA Ellison, MK Sage, JT Rai, BK Durbin, SM Sturhahn, W Alp, EE TI Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS): An exciting new technique for the study of iron porphyrinates and heme proteins. SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 51 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80490-7 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800079 ER PT J AU Neu, MP Boukhalfa, H Ruggiero, CE Lack, JG Hersman, LE Reilly, SD AF Neu, MP Boukhalfa, H Ruggiero, CE Lack, JG Hersman, LE Reilly, SD TI Microbial siderophore influence on plutonium biogeochemistry SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80518-4 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800107 ER PT J AU Averill, BA Eldredge, PA Wang, YL Hu, XC Xu, D AF Averill, BA Eldredge, PA Wang, YL Hu, XC Xu, D TI Modeling the structure of the nifEN complex, a putative scaffold for the biosynthesis of the FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 78 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80537-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800126 ER PT J AU Aitken, JB Thomas, SE Armstrong, RS Lay, PA Stocker, R Witting, PK Dillon, CT Lai, B AF Aitken, JB Thomas, SE Armstrong, RS Lay, PA Stocker, R Witting, PK Dillon, CT Lai, B TI Investigation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase using synchrotron radiation techniques. SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA ID TRYPTOPHAN BINDING; INTERFERON-GAMMA; EQUILIBRIUM C1 Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lay, Peter/B-4698-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 87 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80546-9 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800135 ER PT J AU Alderden, RA Hall, MD Amjadi, S Hambley, TW Beale, P Zhang, M Lai, B Stampfl, APJ AF Alderden, RA Hall, MD Amjadi, S Hambley, TW Beale, P Zhang, M Lai, B Stampfl, APJ TI Increasing the cellular accumulation of platinum(IV) complexes SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Metals Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Sydney Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ANSTO, Australian Synchrotron Res Program, Menai, NSW, Australia. RI Hall, Matthew/B-2132-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80548-2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800137 ER PT J AU Davydov, R Hoffman, BM Behrouzian, B Shanklin, J AF Davydov, R Hoffman, BM Behrouzian, B Shanklin, J TI Characterization of the diiron(III) site in stearoyl-ACP desaturase through EPR and ENDOR of the protein radiolytically reduced at 77k: Effect of substrate SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 122 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80600-1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800189 ER PT J AU George, SD Basumallick, L Szilagyi, RK Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF George, SD Basumallick, L Szilagyi, RK Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Spectroscopic investigation of stellacyanin mutants: Axial ligand interactions at the blue copper site SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Szilagyi, Robert/G-9268-2012 OI Szilagyi, Robert/0000-0002-9314-6222 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800191 ER PT J AU Doonan, CJ George, GN Harris, HH Young, CG AF Doonan, CJ George, GN Harris, HH Young, CG TI Models of the molybdenum hydroxylase enzyme family SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 126 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80605-0 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800194 ER PT J AU Freeman, HC Cohen, A Dooley, DM Duff, AP Ellis, PJ Guss, JM Langley, DB Trambaiolo, DM AF Freeman, HC Cohen, A Dooley, DM Duff, AP Ellis, PJ Guss, JM Langley, DB Trambaiolo, DM TI New crystallographic studies of copper amine oxidases SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Mol & Microbial Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI Guss, Jules/B-1283-2009; Langley, David/B-1861-2009 OI Langley, David/0000-0003-2752-0041 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 132 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80615-3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800204 ER PT J AU Ghiladi, RA Rusnak, FM Cabelli, DE de Montellano, PRO AF Ghiladi, RA Rusnak, FM Cabelli, DE de Montellano, PRO TI Superoxide reactivity of KatG from M. tuberculosis: Implications for isoniazid resistance SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 138 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80626-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800215 ER PT J AU Hall, MD Hambley, TW Beale, P Zhang, M Dillon, CT Foran, GJ Stampfl, AP Lai, B AF Hall, MD Hambley, TW Beale, P Zhang, M Dillon, CT Foran, GJ Stampfl, AP Lai, B TI Does platinum(IV) survive in tumour cells? SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Ctr Heavy Metals Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Sydney Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hall, Matthew/B-2132-2010 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 141 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80630-X PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800219 ER PT J AU Maher, MJ Santini, JM George, GN AF Maher, MJ Santini, JM George, GN TI Structural studies on the selenate reductase from Thauera selenatis. SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Maher, Megan/B-2239-2012; George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80701-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800290 ER PT J AU Nielsen, DJ Doonan, CJ Young, CG George, GN Harris, H AF Nielsen, DJ Doonan, CJ Young, CG George, GN Harris, H TI Monomeric Tp(Pr)Mo(V)OSR complexes via the chemical reduction of Tp(Pr)Mo(VI)OSR. SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 202 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80725-0 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800314 ER PT J AU Sproules, SA Hill, JP White, JM Young, CG George, GN AF Sproules, SA Hill, JP White, JM Young, CG George, GN TI Redox interplay of molybdenum- and tungsten-thio centres: A possible catalytic role for pterin-dithiolene SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA ID COMPLEXES; ENZYMES C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 234 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80777-8 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800366 ER PT J AU Xiao, ZG George, GN Wedd, AG AF Xiao, ZG George, GN Wedd, AG TI The C-terminal domain of the membrane copper pump Ctr1 in yeast binds Cu as a cuprous-thiolate polynuclear cluster SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Biological Inorganic Chemistry CY JUL 19-23, 2003 CL CAIMS, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; OI Xiao, Zhiguang/0000-0001-6908-8897 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1 BP 251 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(03)80805-X PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698QG UT WOS:000184009800394 ER PT J AU Monteiro, OR Delplancke-Ogletree, MP Klepper, CC AF Monteiro, OR Delplancke-Ogletree, MP Klepper, CC TI Boron carbide coatings prepared by cathodic arc deposition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM DEPOSITION AB Boron carbide films are attractive materials for use as tribologcal coatings for low and high operating temperatures, especially for applications that require high hardness. The properties of boron carbide films prepared by cathodic arc using a heated B4C cathode are investigated. The B: C ratio in the film was about 3, and the only detected impurity was oxygen with a content below 5%. The effect of substrate bias on the film characteristics was studied. A direct correlation between hardness and elastic modulus and bias voltage applied to the substrate was observed for bias voltages in the interval of 0 - 500 V. Microstructure and chemistry of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Dept Ind Chem, Brussels, Belgium. HY Tech Res Corp, Radford, VA 24141 USA. RP Monteiro, OR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 38 IS 14 BP 3117 EP 3120 DI 10.1023/A:1024729330748 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 701VT UT WOS:000184190200018 ER PT J AU Liu, BT Muller, SJ Denn, MM AF Liu, BT Muller, SJ Denn, MM TI Interactions of two rigid spheres translating collinearly in creeping flow in a Bingham material SO JOURNAL OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE yield stress; Bingham material; regularization; viscoplasticity; particle interactions ID FINITE-ELEMENT; VISCOUS FLUID; MOTION AB The interactions of two identical rigid spheres of radius R translating in a Bingham material in creeping flow along their line of centers are calculated at various sphere separations using the finite element method. The yield surfaces are determined by an extrapolation using a regularized constitutive model. Two spheres falling in a line interact at separations greater than that corresponding to the superposition of yield surfaces for isolated spheres falling in an unbounded medium. Three distinct regimes are identified: for L / R > 5.5, the spheres move in separate yield envelopes; for 4 < L/R < 5.5, the spheres fall in a single coalesced envelope in which at least part of the region between the spheres is yielded; for L/R < 4 the spheres fall in a coalesced envelope and are connected by an unyielded plug. Drag reduction of up to 30% relative to the single-sphere case is observed as the sphere separation is decreased. The yield surfaces for two approaching spheres show a shorter range of interaction compared to the case of two falling spheres; a very slight drag reduction relative to the single-sphere case is observed for two approaching spheres. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY City Coll, Benjamin Levich Inst Physicochem Hydrodynam, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Muller, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0257 J9 J NON-NEWTON FLUID JI J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0377-0257(03)00111-3 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 715BN UT WOS:000184950800003 ER PT J AU Abe, S Chen, LH AF Abe, S Chen, LH TI Tuning the photophysical properties of an ionic conjugated polymer through interactions with conventional polyelectrolytes SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Letter DE conjugated polymers; polyelectrolytes; fluorescence; photophysics ID SURFACTANT COMPLEXATION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; CHARGE; MIXTURES; FILMS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60549 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60549 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 14 BP 1676 EP 1679 DI 10.1002/polb.10521 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 695BZ UT WOS:000183812400008 ER PT J AU Yim, H Kent, MS Huber, DL Satija, S Majewski, J Smith, GS AF Yim, H Kent, MS Huber, DL Satija, S Majewski, J Smith, GS TI Conformation of end-tethered PNIPAM chains in water and in acetone by neutron reflectivity SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID COIL-TO-GLOBULE; POLY-N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURE; VOLUME PHASE-TRANSITION; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CHAIN; BETA-CASEIN; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) AB Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is perhaps the most well-known member of the class of temperature responsive polymers. It has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water at about 32 degreesC. This very sharp transition (similar to5 degreesC) is attributed to alterations in the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the amide group. In this work we investigated the conformation of end-tethered PNIPAM chains at the interface of silicon with D2O and d-acetone using neutron reflection. End-tethered PNIPAM layers were prepared utilizing the interaction between COOH-terminated PNIPAM and OH-terminated self-assembled monolayers ("method A") and also by polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide monomers from the silicon surface ("method B"). Reflectivity data from the protonated layers in deuterated water were obtained using a liquid cell over a range of temperature from 10 to 55 degreesC. For method A, PNIPAM molecular weights of 33K and 220K were examined. In D2O, we observed very limited change in the conformation of the tethered chains as the temperature increased through the LCST. No conformational change was detected for the lowest molecular weight PNIPAM-COOH sample (33K). Only a slight change in conformation with temperature was detected for the higher molecular weight sample (220K) and the sample from method B. The profiles indicated that the chains were well hydrated above 32 degreesC, consistent with the observation of very low receding water contact angles. On the other hand, a significant change in the segment concentration profiles occurred when D2O was replaced by d-acetone. Bilayer profiles were observed for all samples in D2O. By contrast, in d-acetone the profiles were composed of a single monotonically decaying layer. Surprisingly, the profiles were more contracted in d-acetone than in D2O despite the fact that PNIPAM dissolves in d-acetone but solutions of PNIPAM in D2O are cloudy above the LCST. This observation, as well as the lack of conformational change with temperature for these low surface density brushes in D2O, is explained on the basis of a concentration-dependent Flory X parameter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1851, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1122, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1851, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469 NR 61 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 14 BP 5244 EP 5251 DI 10.1021/ma021548o PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 700PT UT WOS:000184120900032 ER PT J AU Daughdrill, GW Buchko, GW Botuyan, MV Arrowsmith, C Wold, MS Kennedy, MA Lowry, DF AF Daughdrill, GW Buchko, GW Botuyan, MV Arrowsmith, C Wold, MS Kennedy, MA Lowry, DF TI Chemical shift changes provide evidence for overlapping single-stranded DNA- and XPA-binding sites on the 70 kDa subunit of human replication protein A SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; DAMAGED-DNA; FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS; NMR; RPA; COMPLEX; RECOGNITION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM AB Replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric single-stranded DNA- (ssDNA) binding protein that can form a complex with the xeroderma pigmentosum group A protein (XPA). This complex can preferentially recognize UV-damaged DNA over undamaged DNA and has been implicated in the stabilization of open complex formation during nucleotide excision repair. In this report, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between a fragment of the 70 kDa subunit of human RPA, residues 1-326 (hRPA70(1-326)), and a fragment of the human XPA protein, residues 98-219 (XPA-MBD). Intensity changes were observed for amide resonances in the H-1-N-15 correlation spectrum of uniformly N-15-labeled hRPA70(1-326) after the addition of unlabeled XPA-MBD. The intensity changes observed were restricted to an ssDNA-binding domain that is between residues 183 and 296 of the hRPA70(1-326) fragment. The hRPA70(1-326) residues with the largest resonance intensity reductions were mapped onto the structure of the ssDNA-binding domain to identify the binding surface with XPA-MBD. The XPA-MBD-binding surface showed significant overlap with an ssDNA-binding surface that was previously identified using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Overlapping XPA-MBD- and ssDNA-binding sites on hRPA70(1-326) suggests that a competitive binding mechanism mediates the formation of the RPA-XPA complex. To determine whether a ternary complex could form between hRPA70(1-326), XPA-MBD and ssDNA, a H-1-N-15 correlation spectrum was acquired for uniformly N-15-labeled hRPA70(1-326) after the simultaneous addition of unlabeled XPA-MBD and ssDNA. In this experiment, the same chemical shift perturbations were observed for hRPA70(1-326) in the presence of XPA-MBD and ssDNA as was previously observed in the presence of ssDNA alone. The ability of ssDNA to compete with XPA-MBD for an overlapping binding site on hRPA70(1-326) suggests that any complex formation between RPA and XPA that involves the interaction between XPA-MBD and hRPA70(1-326) may be modulated by ssDNA. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Microbiol Mol Biol & Biochem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ontario Canc Inst, Div Mol & Struct Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Iowa City, IA 52240 USA. RP Daughdrill, GW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Microbiol Mol Biol & Biochem, POB 443052,Life Sci S Room 142, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Wold, Marc/F-5806-2010; Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM044721] NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 31 IS 14 BP 4176 EP 4183 DI 10.1093/nar/gkg451 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 700HN UT WOS:000184106700042 PM 12853635 ER PT J AU Schofield, MA Zhu, YM AF Schofield, MA Zhu, YM TI Fast phase unwrapping algorithm for interferometric applications SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY EQUATION; DECOMPOSITION; PROFILOMETRY; RETRIEVAL; TRANSPORT AB A wide range of interferometric techniques recover phase information that is mathematically wrapped on the interval (-pi, pi]. Obtaining the true unwrapped phase is a longstanding problem. We present an algorithm that solves the phase unwrapping problem, using a combination of Fourier techniques. The execution time for our algorithm is equivalent to the computation time required for performing eight fast Fourier transforms and is stable against noise and residues present in the wrapped phase. We have extended the algorithm to handle data of arbitrary size. We expect the state of the art of existing interferometric applications, including the possibility for real-time phase recovery, to benefit from our algorithm. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schofield, MA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 32 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 28 IS 14 BP 1194 EP 1196 DI 10.1364/OL.28.001194 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 697ED UT WOS:000183928500008 PM 12885018 ER PT J AU Goeckner, HP Olson, RJ Kwok, WK Claus, H Kouvel, JS AF Goeckner, HP Olson, RJ Kwok, WK Claus, H Kouvel, JS TI Effects of Pb-ion irradiation on the vortex pinning in melt-textured YBa2Cu3Ox SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE melt-textured YBCO; Pb-ion irradiation; effects on vortex pinning ID FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATION; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; MAGNETIZATION; CURRENTS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURES; ENHANCEMENT AB Melt-textured YBa2Cu3Ox quasicrystalline samples were studied for the effects of Pb-ion irradiation on the vortex pinning. The strength of the pinning was monitored by measurements of the saturation remanent magnetization (MR) as a detailed function of temperature from 4.2 K up to T-c (approximate to92 K). Our results show that M-R is greatly enhanced by the Pb-ion irradiation at all temperatures below T,. Specifically, when compared to a similar but nonirradiated sample, the MR of an optimally irradiated sample is raised by a factor of 3.4 at 4.2 K and, more strikingly, by 12.7 at 77 K. Contrastingly, in an earlier study of a gamma-ray irradiated Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 sample, the vortex pinning was seen to be enhanced but mainly near 4.2 K, suggesting that the gamma-ray irradiation produces highly localized pinning sites. Hence, our present results imply conversely that the Pb-ion irradiation creates extended structural defects that are effective as vortex pinning sites up to relatively high temperatures, including that of liquid nitrogen. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. McMurry Univ, Dept Phys, Abilene, TX 79697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kouvel, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 390 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(03)00804-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696VR UT WOS:000183908700003 ER PT J AU Albrecht, JD Smith, DL AF Albrecht, JD Smith, DL TI Spin-polarized electron transport at ferromagnet/semiconductor Schottky contacts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; HETEROSTRUCTURE AB We theoretically investigate electron spin-injection and spin-polarization sensitive current detection at a Schottky contact between a ferromagnetic metal and an n-type or a p-type semiconductor. We use spin-dependent continuity equations and transport equations at the drift-diffusion level of approximation. Spin-polarized electron current and density in the semiconductor are described for four scenarios corresponding to the injection or the collection of spin-polarized electrons at Schottky contacts to n-type or p-type semiconductors. The transport properties of the interface are described by a spin-dependent interface resistance, resulting from an interfacial tunneling region. The spin-dependent interface resistance is crucial for achieving spin-injection or spin-polarization sensitivity in these configurations. We find that the depletion region resulting from the Schottky barrier formation at a metal/semiconductor interface is detrimental to both spin injection and spin detection. However, the depletion region can be tailored using a doping density profile to minimize these deleterious effects. For example, a heavily doped region near the interface, such as a delta-doped layer, can be used to form a sharp potential profile through which electrons tunnel to reduce the effective Schottky energy barrier that determines the width of the depletion region. The model results indicate that efficient spin-injection and spin-polarization detection can be achieved in properly designed structures and can serve as a guide for the structure design. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035340 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035340 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600112 ER PT J AU An, JM Raczkowski, D Wu, YZ Won, CY Wang, LW Canning, A Van Hove, MA Rotenberg, E Qiu, ZQ AF An, JM Raczkowski, D Wu, YZ Won, CY Wang, LW Canning, A Van Hove, MA Rotenberg, E Qiu, ZQ TI Quantization condition of quantum-well states in Cu/Co(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; METAL-SURFACES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; EXCHANGE; OVERLAYERS; ELECTRON; BARRIER; FILMS AB Recent photoemission data exhibit individual quantum-well states (QWSs) at integer numbers (1-20) of monolayers in a Cu(001) film grown on a Co(001) substrate film, itself grown pseudomorphically on Cu(001). Ab initio calculations confirm the concept of the quantization condition inherent in the phase accumulation model (PAM) to predict the energies of QWSs as a function of their thickness, and provide new insight into their nature. In addition, it is shown that band structures and reflection phases obtained from either experiment or ab initio theory can quantitatively predict QWS energies within the PAM model. It is shown that a simple superposition of oppositely traveling Bloch states, phase-shifted by the reflections from surface and interface, gives an excellent representation of the QWSs within the ultrathin film. We point out an improvement to the standard local density approximation to better represent the image potential of the free surface and its influence on QWS. It is also shown that QWSs are tolerant of interdiffusion across the Co/Cu interface, which may broaden the photoemission peaks characteristic of QWSs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jman@lbl.gov RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; wu, YiZheng/O-1547-2013; Wu, yizheng/P-2395-2014; Qiu, Zi Qiang/O-4421-2016 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Wu, yizheng/0000-0002-9289-1271; Qiu, Zi Qiang/0000-0003-0680-0714 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045419 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600101 ER PT J AU Chan, TL Wang, CZ Hupalo, M Tringides, MC Lu, ZY Ho, KM AF Chan, TL Wang, CZ Hupalo, M Tringides, MC Lu, ZY Ho, KM TI First-principles studies of structures and stabilities of Pb/Si(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; ELECTRON-GAS; SURFACE; PB; SI(111); MONOLAYERS; GROWTH AB Various structures of Pb/Si(111) from 1/6 ML to 4/3 ML are investigated using first-principles calculations. Our calculations for the 1/6-ML mosaic phase and 1/3-ML beta-phase yield good agreement with the experimental results. The higher coverage range 1/3 < theta < 4/3 ML has been controversial experimentally, especially close to 4/3 ML with several different phases being observed (root3 x root7, hexagonal incommensurate, striped incommensurate, etc.). We compare the unit cell energies of different structures to deduce the energetically favorable ones. Structures consisting of very flat Pb overlayers have lower energy than missing-top-layer structures or structures with stacking faults. This is in very good agreement with experiments which measure high Pb mobility on the a phase. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI 上官, 敏慧/E-8964-2012 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045410 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600092 ER PT J AU Dudiy, SV Zunger, A AF Dudiy, SV Zunger, A TI Optical consequences of long-range order in wurtzite AlxGa1-xN alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; VALENCE-BAND SPLITTINGS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ALGAN ALLOYS; QUANTUM DOTS; GAN; ALN; SEMICONDUCTORS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB The effect of 1: 1 long range order on optical properties of AlxGa1-xN alloys is investigated by means of first-principles calculations combined with large-scale atomistic empirical-pseudopotential simulations. We propose an intra-band mechanism of ordering-induced band gap reduction for different optical polarization. The scaling of band gap reductions with order parameter is analyzed. Our simulations of inhomogeneous ordering suggest that coexistence of ordered and random domains may explain the large magnitude of the observed redshifts upon ordering. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 041302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.041302 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600006 ER PT J AU Franceschetti, A Pantelides, ST AF Franceschetti, A Pantelides, ST TI Excited-state relaxations and Franck-Condon shift in Si quantum dots SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STOKES SHIFT; NANOCRYSTALS; SILICON AB Excited-state relaxations in molecules are responsible for a redshift of the absorption peak with respect to the emission peak (Franck-Condon shift). The magnitude of this shift in semiconductor quantum dots is still unknown. Here we report first-principle calculations of excited-state relaxations in small (diameter less than or equal to2.2 nm) Si nanocrystals, showing that the Franck-Condon shift is surprisingly large (similar to60 meV for a 2.2-nm-diameter nanocrystal). The physical mechanism responsible for the Stokes shift changes abruptly around similar to1 nanometer in size, providing a clear demarcation between "molecules" and "nanocrystals." C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Franceschetti, A (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.033313 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600025 ER PT J AU Franco, N Klepeis, JE Bostedt, C Van Buuren, T Heske, C Pankratov, O Callcott, TA Ederer, DL Terminello, LJ AF Franco, N Klepeis, JE Bostedt, C Van Buuren, T Heske, C Pankratov, O Callcott, TA Ederer, DL Terminello, LJ TI Experimental and theoretical electronic structure determination for PtSi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM SILICIDE FORMATION; TRANSITION-METAL SILICIDES; DEEP-SUBMICRON LINES; VALENCE-BAND; THERMAL-STABILITY; IN-SITU; RADIOACTIVE SILICON; CONTACT METALLURGY; THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE AB We present a complete experimental and theoretical electronic structure study of PtSi using a combination of synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-PES), soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (SXE), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and first principles electronic structure calculations. We have carried out both SXE and XAS measurements of the Si L-2,L-3 edge, which probe the Si 3s and 3d partial density-of-states (PDOS) in the valence and conduction bands, respectively. We have also obtained SR-PES data at photon energies of 80 and 130 eV for the valence band of PtSi. By taking advantage of the Cooper minimum effect we are able to probe the contribution of the Pt 5d orbitals. As an aid to interpreting the experimental spectra we have performed first principles calculations of the PDOS for the Pt 6p and 5d as well as the Si 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals. We have carried out core-level PES measurements for Pt 4f and Si 2p and find a double shift in which both core levels are shifted to higher binding energy. First principles calculations confirm the presence of this double shift. Our combined experimental and theoretical results lead us to conclude that the Pt 5d orbitals are not highly localized as has been assumed in all previous experimental studies of PtSi. Rather we find that the influence of the 5d orbitals extends throughout the whole valence band and that the nature of the chemical bonds is more complex than the earlier studies have assumed. Our first principles calculations of the energy-resolved electronic charge density confirm this interpretation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Franco, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Pankratov, Oleg/C-5553-2013 NR 86 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045116 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600036 ER PT J AU Gray, SK Kupka, T AF Gray, SK Kupka, T TI Propagation of light in metallic nanowire arrays: Finite-difference time-domain studies of silver cylinders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSPORT; RESONANCE; SCATTERING; NANOSCALE; CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS AB Finite-difference time-domain studies of a variety of silver cylinder arrays with nanometer-scale diameters (nanowires) interacting with light are presented. We show how reasonable estimates of scattering and absorption cross sections for metallic nanoscale objects can be obtained from such calculations. We then study the explicit time-domain behavior of both simple linear chains of such cylinders, as well as more elaborate arrays. A funnel-like configuration is found to be one interesting possibility for achieving propagation of light through features confined in one dimension to less than 100 nm. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@tcg.anl.gov NR 37 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045415 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600097 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB Martin, I Mozyrsky, D AF Hastings, MB Martin, I Mozyrsky, D TI Quantum dynamics in nonequilibrium strongly correlated environments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; TRANSPORT; STATES; OSCILLATIONS; TRANSISTOR AB We consider a biased quantum point contact between two Luttinger liquids measuring a quantum-mechanical system (oscillator). There are three main physical results. First, we find that for voltages higher than the oscillator level spacing, the effect of the measurement is equivalent to coupling to a heat bath, with an effective temperature that only depends on the device I-V characteristic. Second, we find that this heating changes the I-V characteristics on the junction. Finally, we predict a modulation of the tunneling current at the oscillator frequency. Also, we find that a generalized nonequilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation connects the decoherence and dissipation of the oscillator to the current-voltage characteristics of the device. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035101 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600038 ER PT J AU Joglekar, YN Nguyen, HK Murthy, G AF Joglekar, YN Nguyen, HK Murthy, G TI Edge reconstructions in fractional quantum Hall systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GINZBURG-LANDAU THEORY; COMPOSITE FERMIONS; FIELD-THEORY; STATES; EXCITATIONS; EXPONENT; LIQUIDS; REGIME; RANGE; ORDER AB Two-dimensional electron systems exhibiting the fractional quantum Hall effects are characterized by a quantized Hall conductance and a dissipationless bulk. The transport in these systems occurs only at the edges of the incompressible quantum Hall regions, where gapless excitations are present. We present a microscopic calculation of the edge states in the fractional quantum Hall systems at various filling factors using the extended Hamiltonian theory of the fractional quantum Hall effect. We find that at nu = 1/3, the quantum Hall edge undergoes a reconstruction as the background potential softens, whereas the quantum Hall edges at higher filling factors, such as nu = 2/5,3/7, are robust against reconstruction. We present the results for the dependence of the edge states on various system parameters such as temperature, functional form and range of electron-electron interactions, and the confining potential. Our results have implications for the tunneling experiments into the edge of a fractional quantum Hall system. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Joglekar, YN (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035332 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035332 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600104 ER PT J AU Li, JA Akhadov, EA Baker, J Boatner, LA Bonart, D Fritsch, J Safron, SA Schroder, U Skofronick, JG Trelenberg, TW AF Li, JA Akhadov, EA Baker, J Boatner, LA Bonart, D Fritsch, J Safron, SA Schroder, U Skofronick, JG Trelenberg, TW TI Surface structure and dynamics of KTaO3(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HE-ATOM-SCATTERING; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; PHONON DISPERSION-CURVES; WAVE BASIS-SET; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-TRANSITION; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; RECONSTRUCTION AB Elastic and inelastic helium atom scattering experiments have been carried out on the KTaO3(001) surface, prepared by cleaving in situ under ultra high vacuum conditions. Several unusual observations were recorded in the helium diffraction studies. These include the appearance of metastable surface features immediately after cleaving (which decay to the stable (1x1) surface after a few hours), the formation and dissolution of small (2x1) and (1x2) domains depending on the thermal history of the surface, large hysteresis in the diffraction beam intensities measured for surface temperatures between 200 K and 50 K depending on whether the surface is being warmed or cooled, and permanent changes in the diffraction intensities as a result of poling normal to the surface plane. The single-phonon energy-transfer experiments yield three surface phonon dispersion branches in the (100) and (110) high-symmetry azimuths. Calculations of the lattice dynamics using the VASP approach are described and the results are compared with the measurements. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045402 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600084 ER PT J AU Li, ZY Ho, KM AF Li, ZY Ho, KM TI Light propagation through photonic crystal waveguide bends by eigenmode examinations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP STRUCTURES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; TRANSMISSION; SLABS AB Propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves through sharp bends of photonic crystal waveguides is usually understood using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. In this approach, the waveguide arms must be sufficiently long to separate the useful pulses from other parasite pulses. In addition, there is strong fluctuation in the transmission and reflection spectra near the waveguide cutoff frequency. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a frequency-domain approach in which the EM field profile for the guided mode at each single frequency is examined and then taken as a reference to decompose the total field within each waveguide of the bend system into the superposition of two counterpropagating guided modes. A theoretical model describing the multireflection processes within each waveguide is developed to retrieve the transmission and reflection coefficients for the bend from the superposition coefficients of the guided modes. The proposed approach has been applied to two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide bend structures, with a simulation domain significantly smaller than in the FDTD technique. Good agreement with existing results is achieved, and no apparent fluctuation is found in the spectra even at frequencies close to the waveguide cutoff frequency, indicating the effectiveness and efficiency of the new method. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045201 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600043 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK AF Lyo, SK TI Coulomb drag between two-dimensional and one-dimensional electron gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM WIRES; LUTTINGER LIQUIDS; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; REGIME AB We investigate the low-temperature Coulomb drag resistance between a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) electron layer and an electron gas in a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire theoretically using a Fermi liquid model. The 2D layer is assumed to be degenerate. The dependence of the resistance on the temperature, the layer-wire distance, and the electron density is studied. In high-density wires, the dominant contribution to the drag arises from small-momentum-transfer (i.e., forward) scattering near each Fermi point. In low-density wires, however, backscattering becomes important at low temperatures. The resistance is found to be significantly larger in low-density wires. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 045310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045310 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600061 ER PT J AU Persson, C Zunger, A AF Persson, C Zunger, A TI Deep nitrogen-induced valence- and conduction-band states in GaAs1-xNx SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BROKEN-SYMMETRY APPROACH; X-RAY-EMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORE-HOLE; II-VI; SEMICONDUCTORS; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; GAN AB Most studies of the anomalous electronic properties of the GaAs1-N-x alloy have focused on near-edge states, but x-ray spectroscopic experiments [V. N. Strocov et al., Phys. Status Solidi B 233, RI (2002)] have now revealed anomalous properties deep inside the valence and conduction bands. Indeed, whereas N p character is found in GaN in the energy region near the valence-band maximum (VBM), when similar to3% N is introduced into GaAs one finds that N p character exists about 2-3 eV below the VBM and as two narrow peaks just above the conduction-band minimum. First-principles calculations of the N p character in Ga32As31N and GaN show that the valence resonances are due the fact that the VBM of GaAs0.97N0.03 itself lies > 2 eV above that of GaN. Thus, there is no need to involve an N--> As charge transfer to explain the data. This conclusion is further confirmed by our calculated valence--> conduction-band absorption spectra. We also show that the broken-symmetry core-hole calculations are necessary to explain, within the local density approximation (LDA), the energy of the N 1s<--valence-band transitions. As to the conduction-band peaks observed experimentally in the x-ray absorption, our LDA calculations do not reveal the sharp peaks seen in the measured spectra, leading to the possibility that the latter may not be related to substitutional N. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Persson, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035212 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600069 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Smith, DL Bishop, AR AF Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Smith, DL Bishop, AR TI Effect of field-effect transistor geometry on charge ordering of transition-metal oxides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON LIQUID; LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; WEAK MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB We examine the effect of field-effect transistor (FET) geometry on the charge ordering phase diagram of transition-metal oxides using numerical simulations of a semiclassical model including long-range Coulomb fields, resulting in nanoscale pattern formation. We find that the phase diagram is unchanged for insulating layers thicker than approximately twice the magnetic correlation length. For very thin insulating layers, the onset of a charge "clump" phase is shifted to lower values of the strength of the magnetic dipolar interaction, and intermediate diagonal stripe and geometric phases can be suppressed. Our results suggest that, for sufficiently thick insulating layers, charge injection in FET geometry can be used to experimentally probe the intrinsic charge ordering phases in these materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.033101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600001 ER PT J AU Rhie, HS Link, S Durr, HA Eberhardt, W Smith, NV AF Rhie, HS Link, S Durr, HA Eberhardt, W Smith, NV TI Systematics of image-state lifetimes on d band metal surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; POTENTIAL STATES; TRANSITION-METALS; BINDING-ENERGIES; COPPER SURFACES; DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND; ELECTRONS; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB The fs dynamics of electrons in image states has been modeled on a variety of noble and transition metal surfaces. It is shown that the experimentally observed lifetimes can be described satisfactorily in terms of two key parameters: the penetration length z(o) of the image state into the bulk and the energy phase space S available for the quasiparticle decay. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Durr, Hermann/F-6205-2012 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 033410 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.033410 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600036 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, FJ Cohen, ML AF Ribeiro, FJ Cohen, ML TI Ab initio pseudopotential calculations of infinite monatomic chains of Au, Al, Ag, Pd, Rh, and Ru SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ENERGY; GOLD CHAINS; CONDUCTANCE; WIRES; MECHANISMS; ATOMS AB Ab initio pseudopotential total-energy calculations on infinite monatomic chains of Au, At, Ag, Pd, Rh, and Ru were performed within the local-density approximation. We used the frozen phonon approximation to study the stability of these chains as a function of strain. Within a window of strains the An, At, Ag, Pd, and Rh linear chains are stable with respect to q = pi/a deformations. For large strains all the chains dimerize. All the chains exibit at least one zero-strain zigzag stable equilibrium configuration, and Au, At, and Rh zigzag chains exibit two. The ideal strengths of the different chains were calculated. The stability of the chains is discussed in connection with the electronic structure. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ribeiro, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Ribeiro, Filipe/0000-0003-3843-7702 NR 21 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035423 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600137 ER PT J AU Schelling, PK Keblinski, R AF Schelling, PK Keblinski, R TI Thermal expansion of carbon structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; DIAMOND; SOLIDS AB Using an empirical bond-order potential, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and lattice dynamics calculations, we study the thermal expansion of diamond, graphite and single-walled carbon nanotubes. MD simulations demonstrate that, while the C-C bond length increases at a similar rate with increasing temperature in all structures, the thermal expansion coefficient varies greatly in a manner consistent with experiment. An analysis of the mode-dependent Gruneisen parameters provides a detailed picture of how structure influences the competition between various vibrational modes associated with negative and positive Gruneisen parameters in determining the overall thermal expansion coefficient. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Schelling, PK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 7 U2 37 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035425 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600139 ER PT J AU Smith, S Mascarenhas, A Ahrenkiel, SP Hanna, AC Olson, JA AF Smith, S Mascarenhas, A Ahrenkiel, SP Hanna, AC Olson, JA TI Spatially resolved below-gap emission in partially ordered GaxIn1-xP alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GAINP2; GA0.52IN0.48P; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; GA0.5IN0.5P; DEPENDENCE; (GAIN)P; DENSITY AB We have examined the spatial variation in the photoluminescence (PL) of a series of partially ordered GaxIn1-xP (x = 0.52) samples with order parameters ranging from etasimilar to0.12 to etasimilar to0.49 using low-temperature scanning confocal, scanning solid immersion lens, and scanning and fixed-aperture near-field microscopy with spatial resolution in the range from 200 nm to 0.7 mum. A wide variation in the characteristic low-energy emission band and the associated ultrasharp PL lines was observed for samples with similar ordering-related properties (e.g., eta and domain size). In particular, not all samples exhibit sharp-line PL when examined using mu-PL techniques. In samples that do show these lines, near-field spectroscopic imaging is used to map their location in space with respect to the more slowly varying excitonic emission: no spatial correlation between the antiphase boundaries (APB's) which form in these alloys and the appearance of ultrasharp PL lines was observed. A correlation between the occurrence of ultrasharp PL lines and the presence of extended defects was found for some samples. Temperature-dependent and time-resolved studies show evidence of excitation transfer between a dense ensemble of discrete, localized states. The data suggest that models appealing solely to the properties of the APB in ordered GaInP cannot explain this emission, and that extended defects and/or impurities may play a more important role than previously thought. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 AR 035310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.035310 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 719XD UT WOS:000185229600082 ER PT J AU Song, C Park, J Koo, J Lee, KB Rhee, JY Bud'ko, SL Canfield, RC Harmon, BN Goldman, AI AF Song, C Park, J Koo, J Lee, KB Rhee, JY Bud'ko, SL Canfield, RC Harmon, BN Goldman, AI TI Charge-density-wave orderings in LaAgSb2: An x-ray scattering study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ND; GD; SM; LA; TM AB X-ray scattering measurements on LaAgSb2 have revealed the onset of charge-density-wave (CDW) modulations associated with anomalies in the resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of this compound. Below the transition temperature of T-1,T-CDW 207 K, a periodic charge and lattice modulation with tau(1) similar to 0.026(2 pi/a) develops along the a direction of the tetragonal structure (a50 nm) is caused by Fermi-level-induced hole saturation. Ion channeling, electrical, and magnetization measurements on a series of Ga1-x-yMnxBeyAs layers show a dramatic increase of the concentration of Mn interstitials accompanied by a reduction of T-C with increasing Be concentration, while the free hole concentration remains relatively constant at similar to5 x10(20) cm(-3). These results indicate that the concentrations of free holes and ferromagnetically active Mn spins are governed by the position of the Fermi level, which controls the formation energy of compensating interstitial Mn donors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 25 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 4 AR 041308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.041308 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 720AZ UT WOS:000185239600012 ER PT J AU Cardall, CY Mezzacappa, A AF Cardall, CY Mezzacappa, A TI Conservative formulations of general relativistic kinetic theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BOLTZMANN NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; POSTBOUNCE EVOLUTION; EXPLOSIONS; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; MECHANISM; STAR; REVIVAL; SHOCK AB Experience with core-collapse supernova simulations shows that accurate accounting of total particle number and 4-momentum can be a challenge for computational radiative transfer. This accurate accounting would be facilitated by the use of particle number and 4-momentum transport equations that allow transparent conversion between volume and surface integrals in both configuration and momentum space. Such conservative formulations of general relativistic kinetic theory in multiple spatial dimensions are presented in this paper, and their relevance to core-collapse supernova simulations is described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cardall, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 023006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.023006 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719XA UT WOS:000185229300011 ER PT J AU Diakonov, D Oswald, M AF Diakonov, D Oswald, M TI Covariant derivative expansion of the Yang-Mills effective action at high temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID 3-LOOP FREE-ENERGY; HOT GAUGE-THEORIES; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; QUARK CONFINEMENT; QCD PRESSURE; WILSON LINE; DEBYE MASS; LATTICE AB Integrating out fast varying quantum fluctuations about Yang-Mills fields A(i) and A(4), we arrive at the effective action for those fields at high temperatures. Assuming that the fields A(i) and A(4) are slowly varying but that the amplitude of A(4) is arbitrary, we find a nontrivial effective gauge invariant action both in the electric and magnetic sectors. Our results can be used for studying correlation functions at high temperatures beyond the dimensional reduction approximation, as well as for estimating quantum weights of classical static configurations such as dyons. C1 NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Diakonov, D (reprint author), NORDITA, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Diakonov, Dmitri/F-2450-2012 OI Diakonov, Dmitri/0000-0003-4334-2513 NR 64 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 AR 025012 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.68.025012 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 719XA UT WOS:000185229300080 ER PT J AU Bordallo, HN Chapon, L Manson, JL Ling, CD Qualls, JS Hall, D Argyriou, DN AF Bordallo, HN Chapon, L Manson, JL Ling, CD Qualls, JS Hall, D Argyriou, DN TI Structural and magnetic behavior of a quasi-1D antiferromagnetic chain compound Cu(NCS)(2)(PYZ) SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Internatioanal Conference on Molecule-Bases Magnets (ICMM 2002) CY OCT 05-10, 2002 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN DE X-ray diffraction; neutron powder diffraction; pyrazine; quantum spin chain; copper ID MOLECULE-BASED MAGNETS; PYRAZINE; PYZ AB Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) were used to determine the structure of Cu(NCS)(2)(PYZ) (pyz = pyrazine = C4N2H4), which consists of a stacking of Cu-pyz-Cu chains. While NPD measurements showed no evidence of long-range magnetic ordering, the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization suggests that the system can be adequately described on the local scale as a spin-1/2 antiferromagnet (AFM) chain with an intrachain exchange interaction J/k(B) = -8 K (similar to0.7 meV). Comparison of isothermal magnetization data acquired up to 30 T at 1.6 K to a linear chain model shows excellent agreement, making this material a nearly ideal example of an isotropic Heisenberg AFM chain. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Phys & Geol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Bordallo, HN (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, SF-1,Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RI Ling, Chris D/B-2228-2009; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Ling, Chris D/0000-0003-2205-3106; Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 14-17 BP 2045 EP 2049 DI 10.1016/S0277-5387(03)00188-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 709AB UT WOS:000184601600049 ER PT J AU Weiss, JF Landauer, MR AF Weiss, JF Landauer, MR TI Protection against ionizing radiation by antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ionizing radiation; radioprotectors; therapeutics; antioxidants; vitamins; phytochemicals ID IN-VIVO RADIOPROTECTION; X-RAY-IRRADIATION; BONE-MARROW CHROMOSOMES; NATURAL BETA-CAROTENE; INDUCED DNA-DAMAGE; VITAMIN-E; CLASTOGENIC FACTORS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; COMBINED PENTOXIFYLLINE AB The potential of antioxidants to reduce the cellular damage induced by ionizing radiation has been studied in animal models for more than 50 years. The application of antioxidant radioprotectors to various human exposure situations has not been extensive although it is generally accepted that endogenous antioxidants, such as cellular non-protein thiols and antioxidant enzymes, provide some degree of protection. This review focuses on the radioprotective efficacy of naturally occurring antioxidants, specifically antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals, and how they might influence various endpoints of radiation damage. Results from animal experiments indicate that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and selenium compounds, are protective against lethality and other radiation effects but to a lesser degree than most synthetic protectors. Some antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have the advantage of low toxicity although they are generally protective when administered at pharmacological doses. Naturally occurring antioxidants also may provide an extended window of protection against low-dose, low-dose-rate irradiation, including therapeutic potential when administered after irradiation. A number of phytochemicals, including caffeine, genistein, and melatonin, have multiple physiological effects, as well as antioxidant activity, which result in radioprotection in vivo. Many antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals have antimutagenic properties, and their modulation of long-term radiation effects, such as cancer, needs further examination. In addition, further studies are required to determine the potential value of specific antioxidant nutrients and phytochemicals during radiotherapy for cancer. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 US DOE, Off Hlth Studies, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Pathophysiol & Toxicol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Weiss, JF (reprint author), US DOE, Off Hlth Studies, EH-61270 Corp Sq,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 190 TC 306 Z9 329 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 15 PY 2003 VL 189 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00149-5 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 700QE UT WOS:000184122000001 PM 12821279 ER PT J AU Callebaut, H Kumar, S Williams, BS Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Callebaut, H Kumar, S Williams, BS Hu, Q Reno, JL TI Analysis of transport properties of tetrahertz quantum cascade lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHONON-SCATTERING; SYSTEMS AB We present a self-consistent modeling of a 3.4-THz intersubband laser device. An ensemble Monte Carlo simulation, including both carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon scattering, is used to predict current density, population inversion, gain, and electron temperature. However, these two scattering mechanisms alone appear to be insufficient to explain the observed current density. In addition, the insufficient scattering yields a gain that is slightly higher than inferred from experiments. This suggests the presence of a non-negligible scattering mechanism which is unaccounted for in the present calculations. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Callebaut, H (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336 NR 17 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.1063/1.1590749 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 699CT UT WOS:000184038900001 ER PT J AU Zeng, XZ Mao, SS Liu, C Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE AF Zeng, XZ Mao, SS Liu, C Mao, XL Greif, R Russo, RE TI Laser-induced plasmas in micromachined fused silica cavities SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABLATION AB Cavity formation is a frequent result in many laser ablation applications. Although most theoretical investigations have been devoted to laser ablation on a flat surface, the development of a laser plasma inside a cavity is of both fundamental as well as practical significance. In this study, the temperature and electron number density of laser-induced plasmas in fused silica cavities were determined using spectroscopic methods. The effects of cavity aspect ratio on plasma properties were investigated. The temperature and electron number density of laser-induced plasma were measured to be much higher and to decrease faster for a plasma inside a cavity than on the flat surface. Cavity wall influences on the plasma expansion are discussed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeng, XZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 240 EP 242 DI 10.1063/1.1591996 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 699CT UT WOS:000184038900012 ER PT J AU Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Yu, KM Wu, J Haller, EE Nabetani, Y Mukawa, T Ito, Y Matsumoto, T AF Shan, W Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW Yu, KM Wu, J Haller, EE Nabetani, Y Mukawa, T Ito, Y Matsumoto, T TI Effect of oxygen on the electronic band structure in ZnOxSe1-x alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAINNAS ALLOYS; NITROGEN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; IMPURITIES AB The effect of alloying small amounts of ZnO with ZnSe on the electronic band structure has been studied. Optical transitions in molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown ZnOxSe1-x epitaxial films (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to1.35%) were investigated using photoreflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The fundamental band-gap energy of the alloys was found to decrease at a rate of about 0.1 eV per atomic percent of oxygen. The pressure dependence of the band gap was also found to be strongly affected by O incorporation. Both the effects can be quantitatively explained by an anticrossing interaction between the extended states of the conduction band of ZnSe and the highly localized oxygen states located at approximately 0.22 eV above the conduction-band edge. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Yamanashi, Dept Elect Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi 4008511, Japan. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM WShan@lbl.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 299 EP 301 DI 10.1063/1.1592885 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 699CT UT WOS:000184038900032 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Moreno, J Fleming, JG AF Lin, SY Moreno, J Fleming, JG TI Three-dimensional photonic-crystal emitter for thermal photovoltaic power generation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND; RADIATION AB A three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal is experimentally realized with a complete photonic band gap at wavelengths lambdagreater than or equal to3 mum. At an effective temperature of similar to1535 K, the photonic crystal exhibits a sharp emission at lambdasimilar to1.5 mum and is promising for thermal photovoltaic (TPV) power generation. Based on the spectral radiance, a proper length scaling and a planar TPV model calculation, an optical-to-electric conversion efficiency of similar to34% and electrical power of similar to14 W/cm(2) is theoretically possible. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0603,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 265 Z9 276 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1063/1.1592614 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 699CT UT WOS:000184038900059 ER PT J AU Davis, R AF Davis, R TI A half-century with solar neutrinos (Nobel Lecture) SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Review DE neutrinos; Noble lecture; radiochemistry ID FUSION CATALYSIS; OSCILLATIONS; CAPTURE; FLUX; QUARKS; SEARCH; MATTER; MODELS; TIME; SUN AB The Sun derives its energy from fusion reactions in which hydrogen is transformed into helium. Every time four protons are turned into a helium nucleus, two neutrinos are produced. These neutrinos take only tow seconds to reach the surface of the Sun and another eight minutes or so to reach the surface of the Sun and another eight minutes or so to reach the Earth. Thus, neutrinos tell us what happened in the center of the Sun eight minutes ago. The Sun produces one third as many neutrinos as predicted by the standard solar model of particle physics. The authors pioneering work proved that nothing was wrong with the experiments or the theory, something was "wrong" with the neutrinos, in the sense that they behave in ways beyond the standard model. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 4 IS 7 BP 662 EP 671 DI 10.1002/cphc.200300806 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 702UU UT WOS:000184243600001 ER PT J AU Serban, R Li, ST Petzold, LR AF Serban, R Li, ST Petzold, LR TI Adaptive algorithms for optimal control of time-dependent partial differential-algebraic equation systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive algorithm; partial differential-algebraic equation ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SOFTWARE AB This paper describes an adaptive algorithm for optimal control of time-dependent partial differential-algebraic equation (PDAE) systems. A direct method based on a modified multiple shooting type technique and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used for solving the optimal control problem, while an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm is employed to dynamically adapt the spatial integration mesh. Issues of coupling the AMR solver to the optimization algorithm are addressed. For time-dependent PDAEs which can benefit from the use of an adaptive mesh, the resulting method is shown to be highly efficient. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Petzold, LR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM petzold@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1457 EP 1469 DI 10.1002/nme.786 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 699HC UT WOS:000184050100008 ER PT J AU Lapoux, V Alamanos, N Auger, F Drouart, A Gillibert, A Jouanne, C Lobo, G Nalpas, L Obertelli, A Pollacco, E Raabe, R Skaza, F Sida, JL Beaumel, D Becheva, E Blumenfeld, Y Delaunay, F Giot, L Khan, E Lagoyannis, A Musumarra, A Navratil, P Pakou, A Roussel-Chomaz, P Savajols, H Scarpaci, JA Stepantsov, S Wolski, R Zerguerras, T AF Lapoux, V Alamanos, N Auger, F Drouart, A Gillibert, A Jouanne, C Lobo, G Nalpas, L Obertelli, A Pollacco, E Raabe, R Skaza, F Sida, JL Beaumel, D Becheva, E Blumenfeld, Y Delaunay, F Giot, L Khan, E Lagoyannis, A Musumarra, A Navratil, P Pakou, A Roussel-Chomaz, P Savajols, H Scarpaci, JA Stepantsov, S Wolski, R Zerguerras, T TI Structure of light exotic nuclei He-6,He-8 and C-10,C-11 from (p,p ') reactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics of Unstable Nuclei (ISPUN 02) CY NOV 20-25, 2002 CL HALONG BAY, VIETNAM ID OPTICAL-MODEL ANALYSIS; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PROTON-SCATTERING; HE-6; ISOTOPES; HALO; ENERGY; STATES C1 CEA Saclay, SPhN, DAPNIA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. IPN Orsay, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. GANIL, F-14021 Caen, France. Univ Ioannina, Dpt Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Sud, I-95123 Catania, Italy. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, FLNR, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Lapoux, V (reprint author), CEA Saclay, SPhN, DAPNIA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 722 BP 49C EP 54C DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(03)01334-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 698QV UT WOS:000184011000010 ER PT J AU Quentin, P Laftchiev, H Samsoen, D Mikhailov, IN AF Quentin, P Laftchiev, H Samsoen, D Mikhailov, IN TI Pairing correlations in high spin states SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics of Unstable Nuclei (ISPUN 02) CY NOV 20-25, 2002 CL HALONG BAY, VIETNAM ID SEMICLASSICAL DESCRIPTION; COLLECTIVE MOTION; ROTATING NUCLEI; INERTIA C1 CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, CNRS, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, T DO, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Bogoliubv Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Quentin, P (reprint author), CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, IN2P3, CNRS, BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 722 BP 395C EP 400C DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(03)01396-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 698QV UT WOS:000184011000064 ER PT J AU Chernyak, V Chertkov, M Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V AF Chernyak, V Chertkov, M Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V TI Compensation for extreme outages caused by polarization mode dispersion and amplifier noise SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBERS; PMD; ORDER AB Fluctuations of Bit-Error-Rate (BER) stimulated by birefringent disorder in an optical fiber system are found to be strong. The effect may not be analyzed in terms of the average BER but rather requires analyzing the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of BER. We report the emergence of the extremely extended algebraic-like tail of the PDF, corresponding to anomalously large values of BER. We analyze the dependence of the PDF tail, and thus the outage probability, on the first-order PMD compensation scheme. Effectiveness of compensation is illustrated quantitatively using a simple, however, practical example. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Chernyak, V (reprint author), Corning Inc, SP-DV-02-8, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 11 IS 14 BP 1607 EP 1612 DI 10.1364/OE.11.001607 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 702BB UT WOS:000184203800002 PM 19466038 ER PT J AU Gorbunova, MG Bonnesen, PV Engle, NL Bazelaire, E Delmau, LH Moyer, BA AF Gorbunova, MG Bonnesen, PV Engle, NL Bazelaire, E Delmau, LH Moyer, BA TI New amino-functionalized 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene bis- and mono-(benzo-crown-6 ethers) for pH-switched cesium nitrate extraction SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-RIM; CALIX<4>ARENES; COMPLEXATION; CONFORMATION; TRANSPORT; CATION; ANION; ION; MOLECULES; RECEPTORS AB Four calix[4]arene benzo-crown-6 ethers functionalized with primary amine groups in various positions have been synthesized. The cesium extraction behavior under alkaline and acidic conditions has been measured for these compounds and compared with that of non-amine containing analogs. Extraction strength when the amine group is neutral is not affected by the amino substituent, but protonation causes a marked decrease in extraction strength, permitting pH-switched back-extraction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bonnesen, PV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6119, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bonnesenpv@ornl.gov RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; Engle, Nancy/0000-0003-0290-7987 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUL 14 PY 2003 VL 44 IS 29 BP 5397 EP 5401 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)01310-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 697AA UT WOS:000183919000005 ER PT J AU Sanishvili, R Yakunin, AF Laskowski, RA Skarina, T Evdokimova, E Doherty-Kirby, A Lajoie, GA Thornton, JM Arrowsmith, CH Savchenko, A Joachimiak, A Edwards, AM AF Sanishvili, R Yakunin, AF Laskowski, RA Skarina, T Evdokimova, E Doherty-Kirby, A Lajoie, GA Thornton, JM Arrowsmith, CH Savchenko, A Joachimiak, A Edwards, AM TI Integrating structure, bioinformatics, and enzymology to discover function - BioH, a new carboxylesterase from Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; BIOTIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN; ESTERASE; CLONING; CONSERVATION; REFINEMENT; PIMELATE; GENOMICS; PATHWAY AB Structural proteomics projects are generating three-dimensional structures of novel, uncharacterized proteins at an increasing rate. However, structure alone is often insufficient to deduce the specific biochemical function of a protein. Here we determined the function for a protein using a strategy that integrates structural and bioinformatics data with parallel experimental screening for enzymatic activity. BioH is involved in biotin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli and had no previously known biochemical function. The crystal structure of BioH was determined at 1.7 Angstrom resolution. An automated procedure was used to compare the structure of BioH with structural templates from a variety of different enzyme active sites. This screen identified a catalytic triad (Ser(82), His(235), and Asp(207)) with a configuration similar to that of the catalytic triad of hydrolases. Analysis of BioH with a panel of hydrolase assays revealed a carboxylesterase activity with a preference for short acyl chain substrates. The combined use of structural bioinformatics with experimental screens for detecting enzyme activity could greatly enhance the rate at which function is determined from structure. C1 Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Clin Genom Cent Proteom, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biochem, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. RP Edwards, AM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, 112 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. RI Yakunin, Alexander/J-1519-2014; OI Thornton, Janet/0000-0003-0824-4096; Yakunin, Alexander/0000-0003-0813-6490; Laskowski, Roman/0000-0001-5528-0087 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62414, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-02] NR 38 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 28 BP 26039 EP 26045 DI 10.1074/jbc.M303867200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 697AN UT WOS:000183920200100 PM 12732651 ER PT J AU Howitt, J Bewley, MC Graziano, V Flanagan, JM Freimuth, P AF Howitt, J Bewley, MC Graziano, V Flanagan, JM Freimuth, P TI Structural basis for variation in adenovirus affinity for the cellular coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TYPE-5 FIBER PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY; 1.7-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SURFACE-RECEPTORS; SEROTYPE-2 FIBER; AIRWAY EPITHELIA; BINDING DOMAIN; HEAD DOMAIN; SUBGROUP-C; B VIRUSES AB The majority of adenovirus serotypes can bind to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on human cells despite only limited conservation of the amino acid residues that comprise the receptor-binding sites of these viruses. Using a fluorescence anisotropy-based assay, we determined that the recombinant knob domain of the fiber protein from adenovirus serotype (Ad) 2 binds the soluble, N-terminal domain (domain 1 (D1)) of CAR with 8-fold greater affinity than does the recombinant knob domain from Ad12. Homology modeling predicted that the increased affinity of Ad2 knob for CAR D1 could result from additional contacts within the binding interface contributed by two residues, Ser(408) and Tyr(477), which are not conserved in the Ad12 knob. Consistent with this structural model, substitution of serine and tyrosine for the corresponding residues in the Ad12 knob (P417S and S489Y) increased the binding affinity by 4- and 8-fold, respectively, whereas the double mutation increased binding affinity 10-fold. X-ray structure analysis of Ad12 knob mutants P417S and S489Y indicated that both substituted residues potentially could form additional hydrogen bonds across the knob-CAR interface. Structural changes resulting from these mutations were highly localized, implying that the high tolerance for surface variation conferred by the stable knob scaffold can minimize the impact of antigenic drift on binding specificity and affinity during evolution of virus serotypes. Our results suggest that the interaction of knob domains from different adenovirus serotypes with CAR D1 can be accurately modeled using the Ad12 knob-CAR D1 crystal structure as a template. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Freimuth, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI36251] NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 28 BP 26208 EP 26215 DI 10.1074/jbc.M301492200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 697AN UT WOS:000183920200120 PM 12716886 ER PT J AU Felinger, A Zhou, DM Guiochon, G AF Felinger, A Zhou, DM Guiochon, G TI Determination of the single component and competitive adsorption isotherms of the 1-indanol enantiomers by the inverse method SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherms; inverse method of isotherm determination; chiral stationary phases, LC; 1-indanol; cellulose tribenzoate ID IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB The inverse method of isotherm determination consists in calculating the numerical values of the coefficients of an isotherm model that give a set of chromatographic profiles in best possible agreement with the set of experimental profiles available. This method was applied to determine the adsorption isotherms of the 1-indanol enantiomers on a cellulose tribenzoate chiral stationary phase. Both single-component and competitive isotherms were determined by using no more than one or two overloaded band profiles. The isotherms determined from the overloaded band profiles agreed extremely well with the isotherms determined by frontal analysis. Several isotherm models were used and tested. The best-fit isotherm was selected by means of statistical evaluation of the results. The results show that the adsorption is best characterized with a model describing heterogeneous adsorption with bimodal adsorption energy distribution. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Felinger, Attila/A-1595-2008 OI Felinger, Attila/0000-0001-7130-1968 NR 21 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 1005 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00889-6 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 703TJ UT WOS:000184296800004 PM 12924781 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Woodstock, AD AF Thrall, KD Woodstock, AD TI Evaluation of the dermal bioavailability of aqueous xylene in F344 rats and human volunteers SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article ID TIME BREATH ANALYSIS; ABSORPTION; TOLUENE; INHALATION; METABOLISM; CHEMICALS; NEAT AB Xylene is a clear, colorless liquid used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries and is commonly found in paint thinners, paints, varnishes, and adhesives. Although humans are most likely to be exposed to xylene via inhalation, xylene is also found in well and surface water. Therefore, an assessment of the dermal contribution to total xylene uptake is useful for understanding human exposures. To evaluate the significance of these exposures, the dermal absorption of o-xylene was assessed in F344 male rats and human volunteers using a combination of real-time exhaled breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Animals were exposed to o-xylene dermally. Immediately following the initiation of exposure, individual animals were placed in a glass off-gassing chamber and exhaled breath was monitored. Human volunteers participating in the study placed both legs into a stainless steel hydrotherapy tub containing an initial concentration of approximately 500 mug/L o-xylene. Exhaled breath was continually analyzed from each volunteer before, during, and after exposure to track absorption and subsequent elimination of the compound in real time. In both animal and human studies, a PBPK model was used to estimate the dermal permeability coefficient (K-p) to describe each set of exhaled breath data. Rat skin was found to be approximately 12 times more permeable to aqueous o-xy/ene than human skin. The estimated human and rat aqueous o-xylene K-p values were 0.005 +/- 0.007 cm/h and 0.058 +/- 0.009 cm/h, respectively. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Chem Dosimetry Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Chem Dosimetry Grp, Div Biol Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1-P42-ES10338-01] NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 66 IS 13 BP 1267 EP 1281 DI 10.1080/15287390390223213 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 698AX UT WOS:000183976400006 PM 12851123 ER PT J AU Czerny, B Doroshenko, VT Nikolajuk, M Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A Loska, Z Madejski, G AF Czerny, B Doroshenko, VT Nikolajuk, M Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A Loska, Z Madejski, G TI Variability of accretion flow in the core of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instabilities; galaxies : active; galaxies : individual : NGC 4151; galaxies : Seyfert; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY VARIABILITY; RADIATION PRESSURE INSTABILITY; SHORT-TIMESCALE VARIABILITY; NARROW-LINE REGION; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; NGC 4151; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; CONTINUUM VARIABILITY AB We analyse observations of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 covering 90 years in the optical band and 27 years in the 2-10 keV X-ray band. We compute the normalized power spectrum density, the structure function and the autocorrelation function for these data. The results show that the optical and X-ray variability properties are significantly different. X-ray variations are predominantly in the time-scale range of 5-1000 d. The optical variations also have a short time-scale component that may be related to X-ray variability, but the dominant effect is the long time-scale variability, with time-scales longer than similar to10 yr. We compare our results with observations of NGC 5548 and Cyg X-1. We conclude that the long time-scale variability may be caused by radiation pressure instability in the accretion disc, although the observed time-scale in NGC 4151 is by a factor of a few longer than expected. X-ray variability of this source is very similar to what is observed in Cyg X-1 but scaled with the mass of the black hole, which suggests that the radiation pressure instability does not affect the X-ray production considerably. C1 Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Crimean Lab Sternberg Astron Inst, UA-98409 Nauchnyi, Crimea, Ukraine. Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Astron Observ, PL-60286 Poznan, Poland. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM bcz@camk.edu.pl RI Czerny, Bozena/A-2363-2015 OI Czerny, Bozena/0000-0001-5848-4333 NR 89 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 342 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1240 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06623.x PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 697VY UT WOS:000183965000025 ER PT J AU DiMauro, L Doyuran, A Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Loos, H Murphy, JB Rakowsky, G Rose, J Shaftan, T Sheehy, B Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Yu, LH AF DiMauro, L Doyuran, A Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Loos, H Murphy, JB Rakowsky, G Rose, J Shaftan, T Sheehy, B Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Yu, LH TI First SASE and seeded FEL lasing of the NSLS DUV FEL at 266 and 400 nm SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE Free Electron Laser; UV radiation; SASE ID RADIATION AB The Deep Ultra-Violet Free Electron Laser (DUVFEL) at the National Synchrotron Light Source consists of a 5 MeV photoinjector, a 200 MeV S-band linear accelerator, a four-magnet chicane compressor and a 10 m wiggler with a 3.9 cm period. The commissioning of the SDL accelerator was completed recently and it is routinely producing a high-quality electron beam with a peak current of similar to400 A and a normalised emittance of 3-4 mm mrad. The first SASE lasing of the DUV FEL has been demonstrated at both 266 and 400 ran. The gain length of the SASE experiments was measured to be 66 cm in both cases and up to 20 nJ per pulse was obtained. A laser seeded FEL at 266 nm is in the very early stages of commissioning and amplification of the laser seed has been observed. The goal of the seeded,laser FEL is to saturate the FEL and thereby generate sufficient third harmonic at 89 nm for experimental applications. Here we report the observation and measurements of SASE at 400 and 266 nm and the first results of seeded FEL. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shaftan, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009; OI Loos, Henrik/0000-0001-5085-0562 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00825-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100004 ER PT J AU Fawley, WM AF Fawley, WM TI Some issues and subtleties in numerical simulation of X-ray FELs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE SASE; X-ray; FEL; numerical FEL simulation ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SATURATION; RADIATION; NOISE; GAIN; CODE AB Part of the overall design effort for X-ray FELS such as the LCLS and TESLA projects has involved extensive use of particle simulation codes to predict their output performance and underlying sensitivity to various input parameters (e.g. electron beam emittance). This paper discusses some of the numerical issues that must be addressed by simulation codes in this regime; We first give a brief overview of the standard approximations and simulation methods adopted by time-dependent (i.e. polychromatic) codes such as GINGER (LBNL Report No. LBNL-49625, 2002), GENESIS (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 429 (1999) 233), and FAST3D (Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 429 (1999) 233), including the effects of temporal discretization and the resultant limited spectral bandpass, and then discuss the accuracies and inaccuracies of these codes in predicting incoherent spontaneous emission (i.e. the extremely low gain regime). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fawley, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, MS 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 47-112, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00827-1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100005 ER PT J AU Benson, S AF Benson, S TI Operation of an optical klystron with small dispersion SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE high power; undulators; high gain ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER AB The IR Upgrade design at Jefferson Lab uses an optical klystron in order to enhance the flexibility of the free-electron laser system and to match the efficiency to the energy recovery lattice. Most optical klystrons operate with a strong dispersion section (J. Phys. 44 (1983) CI-333). The IR upgrade design requires operation with a dispersion of only a few periods in order to allow the full range of efficiency of the FEL to be explored. This paper will study the details of an optical klystron in this small dispersion limit. The peak gain vs. dispersion section strength has an oscillatory behavior,, suggesting that the dispersion section strength should be adjusted in unit steps rather than continuously. The gain vs. the effective number of periods is calculated and found to be, on average, in good agreement with theory. Finally, some comments on the relative merits of using an optical klystron or a uniform wiggler in a high power FEL will be presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, MS 6A Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, MS 6A Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 40 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00833-7 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100009 ER PT J AU Huang, ZR Kim, KJ AF Huang, ZR Kim, KJ TI Spontaneous and amplified radiation at the initial stage of a SASE FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE spontaneous undulator radiation; free-electron laser; self-amplified spontaneous emission ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; GAIN AB At the initial stage of a self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL), spontaneous undulator radiation in certain experimental configurations can dominate the amplified signal over an extended undulator distance. In this paper we study both the spontaneous and the amplified radiation in the framework of the paraxial wave equation and determine the transition from the dominance of spontaneous emission to exponential amplification. We compare theoretical expectations with SASE simulation codes GINGER and GENESIS. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, ZR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zrh@slac.stanford.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00839-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100015 ER PT J AU Schroeder, CB Fawley, WM Esarey, E AF Schroeder, CB Fawley, WM Esarey, E TI Statistical properties of radiation power levels from a high-gain free-electron laser at and beyond saturation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron laser; coherent amplification; photon statistics AB We investigate the statistical properties (e.g., shot-to-shot power fluctuations) of the radiation from a high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the nonlinear regime. We consider the case of an FEL amplifier reaching saturation whose shot-to-shot fluctuations in input radiation power follow a gamma distribution. We analyze the corresponding output power fluctuations. at and beyond saturation, including beam energy spread effects, and find that there are well-characterized values of undulator length for which the fluctuations reach a minimum. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fawley, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 71R0259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 110 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00850-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100025 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DC Freund, HP AF Nguyen, DC Freund, HP TI Possibility of a high-power, high-gain FEL amplifier SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE high-power FEL; high gain; FEL amplifier; SASE; tapered wiggler; energy-spread compression; energy recovery ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; SATURATION AB High-gain FEL amplifiers offer many unique advantages such as robust operation without a high-Q optical cavity and potentially high extraction efficiencies with the use of tapered wigglers. Although a high average power, cw FEL amplifier has not been demonstrated, many key physics issues such as electron beam brightness requirements, single-pass gain, saturation, etc. have been resolved. In this paper, we study the feasibility of a high-power FEL based on the high-gain, tapered-wiggler amplifier. We show that with suitable electron beam parameters, a peak output power of 1 GW and a micropulse energy of 8 mJ can be achieved. We also outline a possible configuration of a high-power, high-gain FEL amplifier with energy recovery. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Nguyen, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00853-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100027 ER PT J AU Sajaev, V Huang, Z AF Sajaev, V Huang, Z TI Spectral measurements of the second harmonic of the SASE FEL radiation at APS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron laser; self-amplified spontaneous emission; spectrum ID NONLINEAR HARMONIC-GENERATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; GAIN; SATURATION AB We present the z-dependent spectral measurement results for the second harmonic of the SASE FEL radiation before and after saturation. The measurements were performed at the Advanced Photon Source FEL with the fundamental wavelength of 530 nm. The spectral properties of the second harmonic are compared with those of the fundamental and with the theoretical expectations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sajaev, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 154 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00861-1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100035 ER PT J AU Gottschalk, SC Dowell, DH Quimby, DC AF Gottschalk, SC Dowell, DH Quimby, DC TI Permanent magnet systems for free-electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron lasers; permanent magnets; beamline optics; dipoles; quadruples; sextupoles ID FLUX LOSS; DESIGN AB We review uses of permanent magnets (PMs) in free-electron lasers (FELs). Recently, PMs have been considered to replace many of the electromagnet (EM) dipoles, quadrupoles, and sextupoles in FEL beamlines and linear collider quadrupoles. PM beamline optics offer several advantages over EMs (Proceedings of the Particle Acceleration Conference, 2001, p. 3218). They are more compact, need no power, and do not require cooling water. In addition, adjustable-strength quadrupoles may have a precisely tuneable magnetic centerline. High pole tip fields (1.5 T in dipoles and 1.2T in quadrupoles) are easily achieved. PM technology opens up new bend design possibilities. We describe a new, high performance, all-PM bend, the Ballard bend, that is first-order isochronous and doubly achromatic. It is suitable for use in the exhaust beam leg of an energy recovery FEL. We have designed and built a compact, high field sector PM dipole. Measured field profiles agree to 10 ppm of predictions. Compact PM quadrupoles were also designed and built. Measurements of field strength, axial profile, magnetic centerline tuning, and passive temperature compensation of strength and centerline shift agreed very well with predictions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 STI Optron Inc, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Gottschalk, SC (reprint author), STI Optron Inc, 2755 Northup Way, Bellevue, WA 98004 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00867-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100041 ER PT J AU Vasserman, IB Sasaki, S Dejus, RJ Makarov, OA Moog, ER Trakhtenberg, EM Vinokurov, NA AF Vasserman, IB Sasaki, S Dejus, RJ Makarov, OA Moog, ER Trakhtenberg, EM Vinokurov, NA TI Magnetic measurements and tuning of the LCLS prototype undulator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE LCLS; undulator; magnetic measurement AB A full-length 30-mm-period prototype undulator segment has been constructed for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) project. It is a 3.42-m-long planar permanent magnet hybrid device with a fixed gap near 6.35 mm. The magnetic structure was assembled from a set of 500 magnets that were purchased from Shin-Etsu. A subset of the magnets was measured in a Helmholtz coil system to check the accuracy of the vendor's measurements of the magnetic moments. A specially designed half-period fixture was used for Hall probe measurements of the magnetic field of all the magnet blocks. The magnets were sorted based on the vendor's data of the. total magnetic moment and our measurements of the field integrals. The trajectory calculated from Hall probe measurements of the assembled device was within the specified tolerance (deviation < 2 mum in both planes) but showed a trajectory offset and kick at the entrance. A small number of shims was applied to minimize the trajectory offset and kick and to increase the amplitude of the spontaneous radiation. The measured maximum gap I taper at the ends of the device and the temperature dependence of the effective magnetic field are also reported. The tuned device met all specified tolerances. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Sasaki, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00870-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100043 ER PT J AU Shinn, MD Baker, GR Behre, CP Benson, SV Bevins, ME Dillon-Townes, LA Dylla, HF Feldl, EJ Gubeli, JF Lassiter, RD Martin, FD Neil, GR AF Shinn, MD Baker, GR Behre, CP Benson, SV Bevins, ME Dillon-Townes, LA Dylla, HF Feldl, EJ Gubeli, JF Lassiter, RD Martin, FD Neil, GR TI Design of the Jefferson Lab IR Upgrade FEL optical cavity SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron laser; high average power laser; optical resonator ID LASER AB Jefferson Lab is in the process of upgrading the Free-Electron Laser Facility to provide higher output power as well as broader wavelength and timing flexibility. As part of the upgrade, a new optical cavity is being constructed. Using a near-concentric configuration, it will provide high average power (similar to10 kW) output using one of three sets of dielectrically coated mirrors. A fourth-mirror set will provide broadband tuning throughout the mid-IR, but at a lower average power of similar to1 kW. The new optical cavity offers unique features such as in vacuo active stabilization of the mirror orientation and deformable high-reflector mirrors. The status of the construction of the optical cavity and a review of its capabilities will be presented. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shinn, MD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00873-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100044 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Chae, YC Lewellen, JW Berg, WJ Borland, M Biedron, SG Dejus, RJ Erdmann, M Huang, Z Kim, KJ Li, Y Milton, S Moog, ER Rule, DW Sajaev, V Yang, BX AF Lumpkin, AH Chae, YC Lewellen, JW Berg, WJ Borland, M Biedron, SG Dejus, RJ Erdmann, M Huang, Z Kim, KJ Li, Y Milton, S Moog, ER Rule, DW Sajaev, V Yang, BX TI Evidence for transverse dependencies in COTR and microbunching in a SASE FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE SASE FEL; microbunching; coherent optical transition radiation ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION AB Using coherent optical transition radiation (COTR) techniques, we have observed transverse dependencies, which in some aspects relate to the electron-beam microbunching in a visible wavelength (540nm) self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL). The experimental COTR observations include the z-dependent e-beam sizes, the z-dependent angular distributions, and the z-dependent spectra (which show an x-dependence). A 30-40% narrowing of the observed beam size using COTR is explainable by the mechanism's dependence on the square of the number of microbunched particles. However, additional effects are needed to explain beam size reductions by factors of 2-3 at different z locations. Localized e-beam structure in the gun or induced in the bunch compression process may result in microbunching transverse dependence, and hence the observed COTR effects. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 32,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00874-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100045 ER PT J AU Bentson, L Bolton, P Bong, E Emma, P Galayda, J Hastings, J Krejcik, P Rago, C Rifkin, J Spencer, CM AF Bentson, L Bolton, P Bong, E Emma, P Galayda, J Hastings, J Krejcik, P Rago, C Rifkin, J Spencer, CM TI FEL research and development at the SLAC sub-picosecond photon source, SPPS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE compression; short; bunch; diagnostics AB An upgrade project to the SLAC linac allows ultra-short electron bunches to be interleaved with the routine high-energy physics program operation, for use with an undulator to produce short-pulse, high-brightness X-rays. The linac upgrade comprises of the installation in the summer of 2002 of a bunch compressor chicane of similar design to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) project. A final compression stage in the high-energy Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) line compresses the 28 GeV, 3.4 nC electron bunch to 80 fs FWHM, where a 5 in section of undulator (K = 4.45) will produce 1.5 Angstrom X-rays with 3 x 10(7) photons per pulse and a peak brightness of 4 x 10(24) photons mm(-2) mrad(-2)s(-1) (0.1% BW). The facility will allow us to test the dynamics and associated technology of bunch compression and gain valuable experience for the LCLS using the SLAC linac. New ultra-short electron bunch diagnostic techniques will be developed hand in hand with the same ultra-fast laser technology to be used for LCLS. Issues of high peak power (27 G)V) X-ray transport and optics can be addressed at this facility as well as pump-probe and ultra-fast laser timing and stability issues. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Krejcik, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 18,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00875-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100046 ER PT J AU Bolton, PR Clendenin, JE Dowell, DH Krejcik, P Rifkin, J AF Bolton, PR Clendenin, JE Dowell, DH Krejcik, P Rifkin, J TI Electro-optic sampling of single electron beam bunches of ultrashort duration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE laser; electrons; electro-optics; pockets FROG ID LENGTH AB The effect of ultrafast electron beam bunch dynamics on single shot electro-optic sampling detection schemes is examined. It is shown that ultrashort electron bunch fields of adequate magnitude can dynamically impose additional bandwidth on laser probe pulses. The significance of this effect is evaluated by comparing the dynamics of the laser probe to that of the nonradiative field of a single electron bunch for a given crystal material. Dynamic effects can be distinguished with ultrafast temporal resolution of the transmitted probe spectrum. Furthermore, velocity matching of probe and bunch fields in a co-propagation scheme is less restrictive. Such time resolved spectra then can noninvasively determine single bunch dynamics and represent a new type of electro-optic sampling. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bolton, PR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 220 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00876-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100049 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Biedron, SG Dejus, RJ Berg, WJ Borland, M Chae, YC Erdmann, M Huang, Z Kim, KJ Li, Y Lewellen, JW Milton, SV Moog, E Sajaev, V Yang, BX AF Lumpkin, AH Biedron, SG Dejus, RJ Berg, WJ Borland, M Chae, YC Erdmann, M Huang, Z Kim, KJ Li, Y Lewellen, JW Milton, SV Moog, E Sajaev, V Yang, BX TI Observations of z-dependent microbunching harmonic intensities using COTR in a SASE FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE SASE FEL; microbunching; coherent optical transition radiation; harmonics ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; GENERATION AB The nonlinear generation of harmonics in a self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser continues to be of interest. Complementary to such studies is the search for information on the electron beam microbunching harmonic components, which are revealed by coherent optical transition radiation experiments. An initial z-dependent set of data has been obtained with the fundamental at 530 nm and the second harmonic at 265 nm. The latter data were collected after every other undulator in a nine-undulator string. These results are compared to estimates based on GINGER and an analytical model for nonlinear harmonic generation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 32,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lumpkin@aps.anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00871-4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100055 ER PT J AU Russell, SJ AF Russell, SJ TI Overview of high-brightness, high-average-current photoinjectors for FELs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE photoinjector; electron gun; high average current; high average power; FEL ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; EMITTANCE COMPENSATION; RF-GUN; JEFFERSON LAB; BEAM; ACCELERATOR; TECHNOLOGY; INJECTOR; PROGRAM; CHARGE AB We are now nearing the end of the second decade since the inaugural photoinjector experiments were carried out at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1985. The interim period has seen a dramatic increase in the number of photoinjectors in operation around the world, in our physical understanding of their operation, and, consequently, the brightness of their beams. For some time now, photoinjectors have been the solution of choice for electron beam applications requiring very high-quality electron beams, such as free-electron lasers (FELs). In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in high-average-power FELs and, as a result, high-average-current photoinjectors. Here, we present an overview of photoinjector development with particular emphasis on high-average-current devices in FEL applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Russell, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM srussell@lanl.gov NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00934-3 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100066 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Chang, XY AF Wang, XJ Chang, XY TI Femto-seconds kilo-ampere electron beam generation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE high-brightness; bunch compression; injector ID ACCELERATOR; DRIVEN; FEL; RF AB Generating femtoseconds electron bunches is critical for X-ray free electron laser, laser accelerators and many other applications. Computer simulation of ultra-short (10-100 fs, rms) kilo-ampere electron bunch production from a photocathode injector are presented in this report. The electron beam is produced by an 8 ps (FWHM) laser from a photocathode RF gun injector operating at the longitudinal emittance compensation mode. The electron beam is compressed continuously in the RF gun, drift space followed the RF gun and energy boost linac operating at 70degrees off-crest. Simulation shows that, 10 fs (rms) kilo-ampere electron beam can be produce at about 40 MeV with transverse emittance less than 1 mm-mrad. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 310 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00935-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100067 ER PT J AU Huang, ZR Borland, M Emma, P Kim, KJ AF Huang, ZR Borland, M Emma, P Kim, KJ TI Theory and simulation of CSR microbunching in bunch compressors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE Coherent Synchrotron Radiation; microbunching instability; high-brightness electron beams AB CSR microbunching instability in bunch compressors is studied both analytically and numerically. The iterative solutions of the integral equation for the instability provide approximate expressions of CSR microbunching due to initial density and energy modulation, and can be applied to a series of bending systems consisting of multiple compressor chicanes and transport lines. Two similar but independent simulation methods are developed and are compared to each other as well as with theory. We determine the total gain in density modulation for all bend systems of the Linac Coherent Light Source and discuss initial conditions that start the unstable process. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Huang, ZR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zrh@aps.anl.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00937-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100069 ER PT J AU Lewellen, JW Brau, CA AF Lewellen, JW Brau, CA TI RF Photoelectric injectors using needle cathodes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE RF photoinjector; electron; source AB Photocathode RF guns, in various configurations, are the injectors of choice for both current and future applications requiring high-brightness electron beams. Many of these applications, such as single-pass free-electron lasers, require beams with high brilliance but not necessarily high charge per bunch. Field-enhanced photoelectric emission has demonstrated electron-beam current density as high as 10(10) A/m(2), with a quantum efficiency in the UV that approaches 10% at fields on the order of 10(10)V/m. Thus, the use of even a blunt needle holds promise for increasing cathode quantum efficiency without sacrificing robustness. We present an initial study on the use of needle cathodes in photoinjectors to enhance beam brightness while reducing beam charge. Benefits include lower drive-laser power requirements, easier multibunch operation, lower emittance, and lower beam degradation due to charge-dependent effects in the postinjector accelerator. These benefits result from a combination of a smaller cathode emission area, greatly enhanced RF field strength at the cathode, and the charge scaling of detrimental postinjector linac effects, e.g., transverse wakefields and CSR. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lewellen, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 401-B2207,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00938-0 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100070 ER PT J AU Dowell, DH Bolton, PR Clendenin, JE Emma, P Gierman, SM Graves, WS Limborg, CG Murphy, BF Schmerge, JF AF Dowell, DH Bolton, PR Clendenin, JE Emma, P Gierman, SM Graves, WS Limborg, CG Murphy, BF Schmerge, JF TI Slice emittance measurements at the SLAC gun test facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE photoinjectors; transverse emittance; slice emittance; free electron lasers AB A goal of the Gun Test Facility (GTF) at SLAC is to investigate the production of high-brightness electron beams for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray FEL. High brightness in the RF photocathode gun occurs when the time-sliced emittance is nearly the same as the cathode thermal emittance and when the slices are all lined up, i.e., their Twiss parameters are nearly identical. In collaboration with the BNL Source Development Lab (SDL), we have begun a systematic study of the slice emittance at GTF. The technique involves giving the bunch a near linear energy chirp using the booster linac and dispersing it with a magnetic spectrometer. Combined with knowledge of the longitudinal phase space, this establishes the energy-time correlation on the spectrometer screen. The slice emittances are determined by varying the strengths of the quadrupoles in front of the spectrometer. Spectrometer images for a range of quadrupole settings are then binned into small energy/time windows and analysed for the slice emittance and Twiss parameters. Results for various gun parameters are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dowell, DH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Mail Stop 18,2575 San Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00939-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100071 ER PT J AU Dowell, DH Bolton, PR Clendenin, JE Gierman, SM Limborg, CG Murphy, BF Schmerge, JF Shaftan, T AF Dowell, DH Bolton, PR Clendenin, JE Gierman, SM Limborg, CG Murphy, BF Schmerge, JF Shaftan, T TI Longitudinal emittance measurements at the SLAC gun test facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE photoinjectors; longitudinal emittance; free electron lasers AB The Gun Test Facility (GTF) was built to test high-brightness sources for the proposed Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. The longitudinal emittance has been determined by measuring the energy spectrum after the linac as a function of the linac phase. The phase-space parameters defining the beam pulse width, correlated energy spread, and slice energy spread at the linac entrance (similar to 5 MeV beam energy) are fit to the measured energy spectra. A large, linear energy-time correlation is observed for bunch charges from 15 to 300 pC. Preliminary Parmela calculations show this correlation results from the strong longitudinal space charge forces in this short 2-ps long bunch. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dowell, DH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Mail Stop 18 2575,Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00940-9 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100072 ER PT J AU Freund, HP Douglas, D O'Shea, PG AF Freund, HP Douglas, D O'Shea, PG TI Multiple-beam free-electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron laser; multiple-beams ID GENERATION AB Free-electron Lasers (FELs) have operated over,virtually the entire electromagnetic spectrum from microwaves through the ultraviolet and up to average power levels of 2 W. Advances in injector technology are needed to operate at shorter wavelengths, such as X-rays, or higher average powers. This can be achieved using multiple injectors and combining the beams. Initial simulations of this concept have been applied to the proposed design of the 1.5 Angstrom Linac Coherent Light Source. Further studies will be conducted on the limitations of the effects of space-charge and coherent synchrotron radiation on the physics of combining beams. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 Goodridge Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00947-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100081 ER PT J AU Limborg, C AF Limborg, C TI Design considerations for the LCLS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE X-ray FEL; photoinjectors; coherent synchrotron radiation; resistive wall wakefield AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is a single pass X-ray FEL designed to produce very short (similar to 200 fs) and very high power (8 GW), short wavelength (1.5 Angstrom) pulses. The new facility to be built at SLAC as a multiple laboratory collaboration will have peak brilliance performance exceeding those obtained presently in third generation synchrotron radiation sources by 10 orders of magnitude. In this paper, we review the accelerator physics design challenges. We report on advances made in photo-injectors. We discuss the issues of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation produced in the bunch compressors and undulator vacuum chamber wakefields. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SSRL, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Limborg, C (reprint author), SSRL, SLAC, M869,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 378 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00948-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100082 ER PT J AU Doyuran, A Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Loos, H Murphy, J Rakowsky, G Rose, J Shaftan, T Sheehy, B Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Yu, LH AF Doyuran, A Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Loos, H Murphy, J Rakowsky, G Rose, J Shaftan, T Sheehy, B Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Yu, LH TI Observation of SASE and amplified seed of the DUV-FEL at BNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE FEL; HGHG; electron; seed laser; accelerator; high gain ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; RADIATION AB The Deep Ultra Violet FEL (DUV-FEL) experiment. is being commissioned in the Source Development Laboratory at NSLS in Brookhaven National Laboratory. The goal of the project is to produce coherent radiation below 100 nm wavelength using High-Gain Harmonic Generation utilizing a seed laser. As a first step of this experiment, self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) has been achieved at 400 and 266 nm with electron beam energies at 140 and 171.7 MeV. As an intermediate stage of the experiment, direct seeding with the 266 nm laser also has been accomplished. We report the measurements of the SASE and direct seeding. We measure the FEL properties for various electron beam conditions and discuss the performance of the FEL. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Doyuran, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009; OI Loos, Henrik/0000-0001-5085-0562 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 392 EP 395 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00951-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100085 ER PT J AU Fawley, WM Barletta, WA Bocchetta, CJ Bonifacio, R AF Fawley, WM Barletta, WA Bocchetta, CJ Bonifacio, R TI Simulation studies of a possible multi-stage XFEL at ELETTRA SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE harmonic cascade FEL; VUV/soft X-ray FEL; MOPA configuration ID GENERATION AB Presently there is strong interest in developing a fourth-generation light source at VUV and soft X-ray wavelengths at the ELETTRA facility at Trieste. One proposal centers around using the existing linac at 1.0 GeV energy with a new photocathode and bunch compression to achieve an output beam at 600 A current, 2-4 mm mrad normalized emittance and 0.05% instantaneous energy spread. To achieve output radiation in the 10-40-nm-wavelength region, we consider a multi-stage device which is initiated by a coherent seed laser operating at 200 nm. We present numerical simulations of various undulator/optical-klystron configurations, seeking to optimize the overall output power level while minimizing the total length of undulator sections needed. Our results suggest that multi-MW instantaneous powers are possible at 10-nm wavelengths. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sincrotrone Trieste, SCpA, SS, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Fawley, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 396 EP 399 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00952-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100086 ER PT J AU Li, YL Lewellen, J Huang, ZR Sajaev, V Milton, SV AF Li, YL Lewellen, J Huang, ZR Sajaev, V Milton, SV TI Time-resolved measurement of a self-amplified free-electron laser SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE self-amplified spontaneous emission; phase measurement; energy chirp; statistic analysis ID SASE-FEL; GAIN; GENERATION AB We report on a time-resolved measurement of self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL) pulses. We observed that the spikes in such FEL pulses have an intrinsic positive chirp and the energy chirp in the electron bunch mapped directly into the FEL output. The measurement also provides rich information on the statistics of the FEL pulses. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 401,Rm B2196, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ylli@aps.anl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00956-2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100090 ER PT J AU Murokh, A Agustsson, R Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Bertolini, L van Bibber, K Carr, R Cornacchia, M Frigola, P Hill, J Johnson, E Klaisner, L Le Sage, G Libkind, M Malone, R Nuhn, HD Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rakowsky, G Rosenzweig, J Ruland, R Skaritka, J Toor, A Tremaine, A Wang, X Yakimenko, V AF Murokh, A Agustsson, R Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Bertolini, L van Bibber, K Carr, R Cornacchia, M Frigola, P Hill, J Johnson, E Klaisner, L Le Sage, G Libkind, M Malone, R Nuhn, HD Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rakowsky, G Rosenzweig, J Ruland, R Skaritka, J Toor, A Tremaine, A Wang, X Yakimenko, V TI Results of the VISA SASE FEL experiment at 840 nm SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; GAIN AB VISA (Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier) is a high-gain self-amplified spontaneous emission FEL, which achieved saturation at 840 nm within a single-pass 4-m undulator. A gain length shorter than 18 cm has been obtained, yielding the gain of 2 x 10(8) at saturation. The FEL performance, including spectral, angular, and statistical properties of SASE radiation, has been characterized for different electron beam conditions. The results are compared to 3-D SASE FEL theory and start-to-end numerical simulations of the entire injector, transport, and FEL system. Detailed agreement between simulations and experimental results is obtained over the wide range of the electron beam parameters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Murokh, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM murokh@physics.ucla.edu NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00957-4 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100091 ER PT J AU Petra, M Den Hartog, PK Moog, ER Sasaki, S Sereno, N Vasserman, IB AF Petra, M Den Hartog, PK Moog, ER Sasaki, S Sereno, N Vasserman, IB TI Radiation effects studies at the Advanced Photon Source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE radiation effects; Wiggler magnets; permanent magnets ID ND-FE-B; PERMANENT-MAGNETS; IRRADIATION; FLUX AB At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) concern for radiation-induced demagnetization of the insertion devices (IDs) in the storage ring and in the. free-electron laser has prompted systematic radiation effects studies towards the development of efficient techniques for ID protection. The studies include radiation dose monitoring, investigation of the factors that could lead to ID demagnetization at the APS, as well as, potentially, a dedicated radiation effects testbed at the APS providing GeV electron beams. Such studies could also be directly applicable to future generation facilities, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source. Results and discussion of the radiation damage studies at the APS are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petra, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 422 EP 425 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00958-6 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100092 ER PT J AU Reiche, S Emma, P Pellegrini, C AF Reiche, S Emma, P Pellegrini, C TI Pulse length control in an X-ray FEL by using wakefields SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE FEL; LCLS; wakefields; simulation AB For the users of the high-brightness radiation sources of free-electron lasers it is desirable to reduce the FEL pulse length to 10 fs and below for time-resolving pump and probe experiments. Although it can be achieved by conventional compression methods for the electron beam or the chirped FEL pulse, the technical realization is demanding. In this presentation we study the impact of longitudinal wakefields in the undulator and how their properties can be used to reduce the amplifying part of the bunch to the desired length. Methods of actively controlling the wakefields are presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Reiche, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00959-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100093 ER PT J AU Tremaine, A Wang, XJ Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cornacchia, M Malone, R Murokh, A Nuhn, HD Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Skaritka, J Yakimenko, V AF Tremaine, A Wang, XJ Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cornacchia, M Malone, R Murokh, A Nuhn, HD Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Skaritka, J Yakimenko, V TI Measurements of nonlinear harmonic radiation and harmonic microbunching in a visible SASE FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE nonlinear; harmonic; saturation; microbunching ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION AB The experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic generation (NHG) and electron beam microbunching at saturation from a visible SASE FEL are presented in this report. The gain lengths, spectra and energies of NHG were experimentally measured up to the third harmonic, and agree with theoretical predictions. Electron beam microbunching in both the fundamental and the second harmonic as the function of the SASE output were experimentally observed over the full range of SASE gain. The bunching factors for both the fundamental (b(1)) and second harmonic (b(2)) were experimentally characterized at saturation. The microbunching data provides another test of SASE saturation as well as correlating the NHG and electron beam microbunching modes to the fundamental SASE. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Tremaine, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00963-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100097 ER PT J AU Ming, X AF Ming, X TI High gain free electron lasers driven by flat electron beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE flat beam; elliptical beam; high gain free electron laser AB A variational solution of the fundamental eigenmode is presented for high gain free electron lasers driven by flat electron beam having unequal emittances, betatron focusings and beam sizes in two transverse planes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ming, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 450 EP 454 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00964-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100098 ER PT J AU Yu, LH Wu, JH AF Yu, LH Wu, JH TI Simulations for the FERMI@ELETTRA proposal to generate 40-and 10-nm coherent radiation using the HGHG scheme SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB ID GAIN HARMONIC-GENERATION; FREE-ELECTRON-LASER AB We present the results of simulations for a free-electron laser system designed and based on upgraded parameters for the 1.0-GeV LINAC, that in its present form is located at the third-generation synchrotron radiation facility ELETTRA in Trieste, Italy. The calculation is carried out for two of the three beam lines of the project. For the first beam line, the system is based on the HGHG scheme to generate 40-nm coherent radiation by a 200-nm seed laser. For the second beam line we consider cascading the HGHG scheme twice to generate 10-nm radiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, ATF, NSLS, Bldg 725C,Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00965-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100099 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Derbenev, Y Li, R AF Zhang, YH Derbenev, Y Li, R TI Image charge undulator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB AB A relativistic electron beam moving close to periodic grating surfaces may undergo undulating motion due to its image charge wakefields. This motion can be a mechanism for producing hard incoherent or coherent radiation. A new device, an image charge undulator, is proposed to realize this mechanism. We demonstrate the physics principle of this device by a two-dimensional model with an infinitely long uniform sheet current. The new undulator could be employed for constructing a single-pass, high-intensity, compact-size and ultra-short-wavelength light source. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Adv Studies Accelerators, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 459 EP 463 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00966-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100100 ER PT J AU Kuba, J Wootton, A Bionta, RM Shepherd, R Fill, EE Ditmire, T Dyer, G London, RA Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Booth, R Bajt, S Smith, RF Feit, MD Levesque, R McKernan, M AF Kuba, J Wootton, A Bionta, RM Shepherd, R Fill, EE Ditmire, T Dyer, G London, RA Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Booth, R Bajt, S Smith, RF Feit, MD Levesque, R McKernan, M TI X-ray optics research for free electron lasers: study of material damage under extreme fluxes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE x-ray optics; x-ray-matter interaction; FEL; x-ray sources; x-ray laser; Linac coherent light source ID DIFFRACTION AB Free electron lasers operating in the 0.1-1.5nm wavelength range have been proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (USA) and DESY (Germany). The unprecedented brightness and associated fluence (up to 30J cm(-2)) predicted for pulses <300 fs pose new challenges for optical components. A criterion for optical component design is required, implying an understanding of X-ray-material interactions at these extreme conditions. In our experimental effort, the extreme conditions are simulated by the currently available sources ranging from optical lasers, through X-ray lasers (XRLs) at 14.7 nm down to K-alpha sources (similar to0.15 nm). In this paper, we present an overview of our research project on X-ray-matter interaction, including both computer modeling and preliminary results from optical laser experiments, the COMET tabletop high brightness ps XRL and a K-alpha experimental campaign carried out at the JanUSP laser facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kuba, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-251, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00899-4 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100103 ER PT J AU Bocchetta, CJ Bulfone, D Cargnello, F Danailov, M D'Auria, G Diviacco, B Ferianis, M Gambitta, A Karantzoulis, E Loda, G Lonza, M Mazzolini, F Morelli, D Pangon, G Smaluk, V Stefanutti, M Svandrlik, M Tosi, L Tromba, G Vascotto, A Visintini, R Bakker, R Barletta, WA Fawley, WM Bonifacio, R Biedron, SG Borland, MD Milton, SV De Silvestri, S Walker, RP Wu, JH Yu, LH AF Bocchetta, CJ Bulfone, D Cargnello, F Danailov, M D'Auria, G Diviacco, B Ferianis, M Gambitta, A Karantzoulis, E Loda, G Lonza, M Mazzolini, F Morelli, D Pangon, G Smaluk, V Stefanutti, M Svandrlik, M Tosi, L Tromba, G Vascotto, A Visintini, R Bakker, R Barletta, WA Fawley, WM Bonifacio, R Biedron, SG Borland, MD Milton, SV De Silvestri, S Walker, RP Wu, JH Yu, LH TI Overview of FERMI@ELETTRA: a proposed ultra-bright coherent X-ray source in Italy SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron laser; user facility; VUV; soft X-ray; proposal ID GAIN HARMONIC-GENERATION AB Together with the INFM and other Italian institutes, Sincrotrone Trieste has proposed and developed FERMI@ELETTRA in response to the Italian government's call for proposals from national institutes for a multipurpose pulsed laser X-ray source. The proposed FEL source will be located at the third-generation synchrotron radiation facility ELETTRA and will utilize the fully available 1.0-GeV normal conducting linac. The project is organized along three stages of development, allowing gradual improvements for the production of 40-, 10-, and 1.2-nm radiation. The first two phases involve upgrading the linac with a high-brightness photo-injector and bunch compressor for the generation of increasingly higher quality electron beams. The third phase requires both an increase in peak current and beam energy to 3.0GeV. The requirements of the user-community necessitate reproducible radiation sources with controllable polarization and wavelength. For this APPLE-type undulators will be implemented and seeding schemes will be used where possible. An overview of the proposal is presented elucidating linac upgrades and overall layout, electron beam simulations, and laser seed schemes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. BESSY GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Politecn Milan, INFM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bocchetta, CJ (reprint author), Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 Km 163,5 Area Sci Pk, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. OI Danailov, Miltcho/0000-0002-1888-1331 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 484 EP 488 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00901-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100105 ER PT J AU Neumann, JG O'Shea, PG Demske, D Graves, WS Sheehy, B Loos, H Carr, GL AF Neumann, JG O'Shea, PG Demske, D Graves, WS Sheehy, B Loos, H Carr, GL TI Electron beam modulation using a laser-driven photocathode SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE free-electron devices; prebunching; electron beam modulation AB Coherent synchrotron radiation may lead to a microwave instability on an electron bunch at wavelengths much smaller than the bunch length. It is possible that ripples (prebunching) on the electron bunch distribution may seed this instability. We report on research exploring this effect using a longitudinally modulated drive laser to generate a modulated electron beam. Our first step is to develop simulations that will help us study the beam generation process using PARMELA. Preliminary experiments on laser beam and electron beam modulation, conducted at the Source Development Laboratory at the National Synchrotron Light Source, show modulation at frequencies in the terahertz regime is attainable. Longitudinal prebunching may enhance the performance of FEL or other radiative devices in the terahertz regime. Alternatively, longitudinal control over the electron beam might be an effective method of suppressing coherent synchrotron radiation instabilities that cause beam break-up. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Neumann, JG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Loos, Henrik/0000-0001-5085-0562 NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 498 EP 501 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00904-5 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100108 ER PT J AU Rocca, JJ Filevich, J Hammarsten, EC Jankowska, E Benware, B Marconi, MC Luther, B Vinogradov, A Artiukov, I Moon, S Shlyaptsev, VN AF Rocca, JJ Filevich, J Hammarsten, EC Jankowska, E Benware, B Marconi, MC Luther, B Vinogradov, A Artiukov, I Moon, S Shlyaptsev, VN TI Extremely compact soft X-ray lasers based on capillary discharges SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE capillary discharge; soft X-ray interferometry; soft X-ray applications ID TABLETOP LASER; REPETITION-RATE; INTERFEROMETRY; PLASMA; NM AB Extremely compact high repetition rate soft X-ray lasers based on capillary discharge excitation have demonstrated average powers of a few milliWatt at 46.9 nm, milli-Joule-level pulse energy, peak spectral brightness several orders of magnitude larger than third-generation synchrotron beam lines, and excellent spatial coherence. Examples of the use of a capillary discharge soft X-ray laser in dense plasma diagnostics and laser ablation of materials are summarized. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, 1320 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rocca@engr.colostate.edu RI Vinogradov, Alexander/M-5331-2015 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00908-2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100112 ER PT J AU Neil, GR Carr, GL Gubeli, JF Jordan, K Martin, MC McKinney, WR Shinn, M Tani, M Williams, GP Zhang, XC AF Neil, GR Carr, GL Gubeli, JF Jordan, K Martin, MC McKinney, WR Shinn, M Tani, M Williams, GP Zhang, XC TI Production of high power feratosecond terahertz radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, ILLINOIS HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE Linac; THz; recirculation ID COHERENT SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; TRANSITION RADIATION; EMISSION AB The terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum is attracting interest for a broad range of applications ranging from diagnosing electron beams to biological imaging. Most sources of short pulse THz radiation utilize excitation of biased semiconductors or electro-optic crystals by high peak power lasers. For example, this was done by using an un-doped InAs wafer irradiated by a femtosecond free-electron laser (FEL) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Microwatt levels of THz radiation were detected when excited with FEL pulses at 1.06 mum wavelength and 10 W average power. Recently substantially higher powers of femtosecond THz pulses produced by synchrotron emission were extracted from the electron beamline. Calculations and measurements confirm the production of coherent broadband THz radiation from relativistic electrons with an average power of nearly 20 W, a world record in this wavelength range by a factor of 10,000. We describe the source, presenting theoretical calculations and their experimental verification. Potential applications of this exciting new source include driving new non-linear phenomena, performing pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of novel materials, and studying molecular vibrations and rotations, low frequency protein motions, phonons, superconductor bandgaps, electronic scattering, collective electronic excitations (e.g., charge density waves), and spintronics. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Supercond Photon, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave MS 6a, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014; Zhang, Xi-Cheng/G-1306-2016 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139; Zhang, Xi-Cheng/0000-0003-3721-1357 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 537 EP 540 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00913-6 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100115 ER PT J AU Austin, RH Xie, AH van der Meer, L Shinn, M Neil, G AF Austin, RH Xie, AH van der Meer, L Shinn, M Neil, G TI Self-trapped states in proteins SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Free Electron Laser Conference/9th Free Electron Laser Users Workshop CY SEP 09-13, 2002 CL ARGONNE NATL LAAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAAB DE picosecond; infrared; amide-I; myoglobin ID MYOGLOBIN AB We show here that the temperature dependence of the amide-I band of myoglobin shows evidence for a low lying self-trapped state at 1626 cm(-1). This low-lying state has a 30 ps lifetime at 50 K, much longer than the relaxation time of the main amide-I band at 50 K. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. FOM, Inst Plasma Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Austin, RH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM austin@princeton.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 507 IS 1-2 BP 561 EP 563 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00919-7 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 711CY UT WOS:000184723100120 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Meyer, TI Roat, C Ahmed, S Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN Mackay, C Wilson, FF Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Chao, M Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Schwanke, U Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Tinslay, J Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Morton, GW Nash, JA Sanders, P Taylor, GP Back, JJ Bellodi, G Harrison, PF Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Cowan, G Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Forti, AC Hart, PA Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Weatherall, JH Williams, JC Farbin, A Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Hast, C Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Brau, B Pulliam, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L Stark, J Manfredi, PF Re, V Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Coupal, DP Dong, D Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Grauges-Pous, E Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Meyer, TI Roat, C Ahmed, S Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Observation of the decay B-+/- -> pi(+/-)pi(0), study of B-+/- -> K-+/-pi(0), and search for B-0 -> pi(0)pi(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present results for the branching fractions and charge asymmetries in B+/--->h(+/-)pi(0) (where h(+/-)=pi(+/-),K+/-) and a search for the decay B-0-->pi(0)pi(0) using a sample of approximately 88x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We measure B(B+/--->pi(+/-)pi(0))=(5.5(-0.9)(+1.0)+/-0.6)x10(-6), where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The B+/--->pi(+/-)pi(0) signal has a significance of 7.7sigma including systematic uncertainties. We simultaneously measure the K(+/-)pi(0) branching fraction to be B(B+/--->K(+/-)pi(0))=(12.8(-1.1)(+1.2)+/-1.0)x10(-6). The charge asymmetries are A(pi +/- pi 0)=-0.03(-0.17)(+0.18)+/-0.02 and A(K +/- pi 0)=-0.09+/-0.09+/-0.01. We place a 90% confidence-level upper limit on the branching fraction B(B-0-->pi(0)pi(0)) of 3.6x10(-6) . C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009 OI Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 021801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.021801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000006 ER PT J AU Bai, JZ Ban, Y Bian, JG Cai, X Chang, JF Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, J Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, YB Chi, SP Chu, YP Cui, XZ Dai, YM Dai, YS Dong, LY Du, SX Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Fang, J Fang, SS Fu, CD Fu, HY Fu, LP Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, YN Gong, MY Gong, WX Gu, SD Guo, YN Guo, YQ Guo, ZJ Han, SW Harris, FA He, J He, KL He, M He, X Heng, YK Hong, T Hu, HM Hu, T Huang, GS Huang, L Huang, XP Izen, JM Ji, XB Jiang, CH Jiang, XS Jin, DP Jin, S Jin, Y Jones, BD Ke, ZJ Kong, D Lai, YF Li, F Li, G Li, HH Li, J Li, JC Li, K Li, QJ Li, RB Li, RY Li, W Li, WG Li, XQ Li, XS Liu, CF Liu, CX Liu, F Liu, F Liu, HM Liu, JB Liu, JP Liu, RG Liu, Y Liu, ZA Liu, ZX Lou, XC Lu, GR Lu, F Lu, HJ Lu, JG Lu, ZJ Luo, XL Ma, EC Ma, FC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, ZP Meng, XC Mo, XH Nie, J Nie, ZD Olsen, SL Paluselli, D Peng, HP Qi, ND Qian, CD Qiu, JF Rong, G Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, F Song, LW Sun, HS Sun, SS Sun, YZ Sun, ZJ Tang, SQ Tang, X Tian, D Tian, YR Toki, W Tong, GL Varner, GS Wang, J Wang, JZ Wang, L Wang, LS Wang, M Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, WF Wang, YF Wang, Z Wang, Z Wang, Z Wang, ZY Wei, CL Wu, N Xia, XM Xie, XX Xu, GF Xu, Y Xue, ST Yan, ML Yan, WB Yang, GA Yang, HX Yang, J Yang, SD Ye, MH Ye, YX Ying, J Yu, CS Yu, GW Yuan, CZ Yuan, JM Yuan, Y Yue, Q Zang, SL Zeng, Y Zhang, BX Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, HY Zhang, J Zhang, JM Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, YJ Zhang, YY Zhang, YY Zhang, ZP Zhao, DX Zhao, JW Zhao, JW Zhao, PP Zhao, WR Zhao, YB Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhong, XC Zhou, BQ Zhou, GM Zhou, L Zhou, NF Zhu, KJ Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhu, ZA Zhuang, BA Zou, BS AF Bai, JZ Ban, Y Bian, JG Cai, X Chang, JF Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, J Chen, J Chen, JC Chen, YB Chi, SP Chu, YP Cui, XZ Dai, YM Dai, YS Dong, LY Du, SX Du, ZZ Dunwoodie, W Fang, J Fang, SS Fu, CD Fu, HY Fu, LP Gao, CS Gao, ML Gao, YN Gong, MY Gong, WX Gu, SD Guo, YN Guo, YQ Guo, ZJ Han, SW Harris, FA He, J He, KL He, M He, X Heng, YK Hong, T Hu, HM Hu, T Huang, GS Huang, L Huang, XP Izen, JM Ji, XB Jiang, CH Jiang, XS Jin, DP Jin, S Jin, Y Jones, BD Ke, ZJ Kong, D Lai, YF Li, F Li, G Li, HH Li, J Li, JC Li, K Li, QJ Li, RB Li, RY Li, W Li, WG Li, XQ Li, XS Liu, CF Liu, CX Liu, F Liu, F Liu, HM Liu, JB Liu, JP Liu, RG Liu, Y Liu, ZA Liu, ZX Lou, XC Lu, GR Lu, F Lu, HJ Lu, JG Lu, ZJ Luo, XL Ma, EC Ma, FC Ma, JM Malchow, R Mao, ZP Meng, XC Mo, XH Nie, J Nie, ZD Olsen, SL Paluselli, D Peng, HP Qi, ND Qian, CD Qiu, JF Rong, G Shen, DL Shen, H Shen, XY Sheng, HY Shi, F Song, LW Sun, HS Sun, SS Sun, YZ Sun, ZJ Tang, SQ Tang, X Tian, D Tian, YR Toki, W Tong, GL Varner, GS Wang, J Wang, JZ Wang, L Wang, LS Wang, M Wang, M Wang, P Wang, PL Wang, WF Wang, YF Wang, Z Wang, Z Wang, Z Wang, ZY Wei, CL Wu, N Xia, XM Xie, XX Xu, GF Xu, Y Xue, ST Yan, ML Yan, WB Yang, GA Yang, HX Yang, J Yang, SD Ye, MH Ye, YX Ying, J Yu, CS Yu, GW Yuan, CZ Yuan, JM Yuan, Y Yue, Q Zang, SL Zeng, Y Zhang, BX Zhang, BY Zhang, CC Zhang, DH Zhang, HY Zhang, J Zhang, JM Zhang, JW Zhang, LS Zhang, QJ Zhang, SQ Zhang, XY Zhang, YJ Zhang, YY Zhang, YY Zhang, ZP Zhao, DX Zhao, JW Zhao, JW Zhao, PP Zhao, WR Zhao, YB Zhao, ZG Zheng, JP Zheng, LS Zheng, ZP Zhong, XC Zhou, BQ Zhou, GM Zhou, L Zhou, NF Zhu, KJ Zhu, QM Zhu, YC Zhu, YC Zhu, YS Zhu, ZA Zhuang, BA Zou, BS CA BES Collaboration TI Observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the p(p)over-bar mass spectrum from radiative J/psi ->gamma p(p)over-bar deecays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-LIKE REGION; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DYNAMICAL MODEL; FORM-FACTORS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ANALOGY; MESON AB We observe a narrow enhancement near 2m(p) in the invariant mass spectrum of p (p) over bar pairs from radiative J/psi-->gammap (p) over bar decays. No similar structure is seen in J/psi-->pi(0)p (p) over bar decays. The results are based on an analysis of a 58x10(6) event sample of J/psi decays accumulated with the BESII detector at the Beijing electron-positron collider. The enhancement can be fit with either an S- or P-wave Breit-Wigner resonance function. In the case of the S-wave fit, the peak mass is below 2m(p) at M=1859(-10)(+3) (stat)(-25)(+5)(syst) MeV/c(2) and the total width is Gamma<30 MeV/c(2) at the 90% confidence level. These mass and width values are not consistent with the properties of any known particle. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Henan Normal Univ, Xinxiang 453002, Peoples R China. Huazhong Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Hunan Univ, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China. Liaoning Univ, Shenyang 110036, Peoples R China. Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. Sichuan Univ, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Wuhan Univ, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310028, Peoples R China. RP Bai, JZ (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RI Chen, Jie/H-6210-2011; Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588 NR 17 TC 207 Z9 214 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 022001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.022001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000007 PM 12906471 ER PT J AU Chakhalian, JA Kiefl, RF Miller, R Brewer, J Dunsiger, SR Morris, G MacFarlane, WA Sonier, JE Eggert, S Affleck, I Keren, A Verdaguer, M AF Chakhalian, JA Kiefl, RF Miller, R Brewer, J Dunsiger, SR Morris, G MacFarlane, WA Sonier, JE Eggert, S Affleck, I Keren, A Verdaguer, M TI Local magnetic susceptibility of the positive muon in the quasi-one-dimensional s=1/2 antiferromagnet dichlorobis (pyridine) copper(II) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KNIGHT-SHIFT; CHAINS; CONSEQUENCES; IMPURITIES AB We report muon spin rotation measurements of the local magnetic susceptibility around a positive muon in the paramagnetic state of the quasi-one-dimensional spin 1/2 antiferromagnet dichlorobis (pyridine) copper (II). Signals from three distinct sites are resolved and have a temperature dependent frequency shift which is significantly different than the magnetic susceptibility. This difference is attributed to a muon induced perturbation of the spin 1/2 chain. The obtained frequency shifts are compared with transfer matrix density-matrix renormalization-group numerical simulations. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Chalmers Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Inorgan & Mat Mol, CNRS, Unite 7071, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Chakhalian, JA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RI Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015; Eggert, Sebastian/G-2762-2011 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 027202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.027202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000041 PM 12906505 ER PT J AU de Koning, M Cai, W Bulatov, VV AF de Koning, M Cai, W Bulatov, VV TI Anomalous dislocation multiplication in FCC metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; ALUMINUM; CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; NUCLEATION AB Direct atomistic simulations of dislocation multiplication in fcc aluminum reveal an unexpected mechanism, in which a Frank-Read source emits dislocations with Burgers vectors different from that of the source itself. The mechanism is traced to a spontaneous nucleation of partial dislocation loops within the stacking fault. Understanding and a quantitative description of this unusual process are achieved through the development of a continuum model for dislocation nucleation based on the coarse-grained dislocation dynamics approach and a minimal amount of atomistic input. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de Koning, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-371, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI de Koning, Maurice/E-1115-2012 OI de Koning, Maurice/0000-0002-0035-4170 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 025503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.025503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000023 PM 12906487 ER PT J AU Demsar, J Averitt, RD Ahn, KH Graf, MJ Trugman, SA Kabanov, VV Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ AF Demsar, J Averitt, RD Ahn, KH Graf, MJ Trugman, SA Kabanov, VV Sarrao, JL Taylor, AJ TI Quasiparticle relaxation dynamics in heavy fermion compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON; SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TIME; AG AB We present the first femtosecond studies of electron-phonon (e-ph) thermalization in heavy-fermion compounds. The e-ph thermalization time tau(ep) increases below the Kondo temperature by more than 2 orders of magnitude as T=0 K is approached. Analysis using the two-temperature model and numerical simulations based on Boltzmann's equations suggest that this anomalous slowing down of the e-ph thermalization derives from the large electronic specific heat and the suppression of scattering between heavy electrons and phonons. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Demsar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008; Demsar, Jure/F-7243-2016 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444; NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 027401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.027401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000043 PM 12906507 ER PT J AU Dodelson, S Rozo, E Stebbins, A AF Dodelson, S Rozo, E Stebbins, A TI Primordial gravity waves and weak lensing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES; MODES; MAPS AB Inflation produces a primordial spectrum of gravity waves in addition to the density perturbations which seed structure formation. We compute the signature of these gravity waves in the large scale shear field. The shear can be divided into a gradient mode (G or E) and a curl mode (C or B). The latter is produced only by gravity waves, so the observations of a nonzero curl mode could be seen as evidence for inflation. We find that the expected signal from inflation is small, peaking on the largest scales at l(l+1)C-l/2pi<10(-11) at l=2 and falling rapidly thereafter. Even for an all-sky deep survey, this signal would be below noise at all multipoles. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Dodelson, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 021301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.021301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000004 ER PT J AU Ripani, M Burkert, VD Mokeev, V Battaglieri, M De Vita, R Golovach, E Taiuti, M Adams, G Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Berman, BL Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkhanov, B Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Mozer, MU Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Quinn, B Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF Ripani, M Burkert, VD Mokeev, V Battaglieri, M De Vita, R Golovach, E Taiuti, M Adams, G Anciant, E Anghinolfi, M Asavapibhop, B Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bellis, M Berman, BL Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bouchigny, S Bradford, R Branford, D Briscoe, WJ Brooks, WK Calarco, JR Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Cetina, C Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Djalali, C Dodge, GE Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Fatemi, R Fedotov, G Feldman, G Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Guo, L Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkhanov, B Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klimenko, AV Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, SE Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Lukashin, K Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Minehart, R Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Morand, L Morrow, SA Mozer, MU Muccifora, V Mueller, J Murphy, LY Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nasseripour, R Nelson, SO Niccolai, S Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Nozar, M O'Rielly, GV Opper, AK Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Quinn, B Raue, BA Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ritchie, BG Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Santoro, JP Sapunenko, V Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Simionatto, S Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, LC Sober, DI Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thoma, U Thompson, R Todor, L Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weller, H Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Wood, MH Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI Measurement of ep -> e ' p pi(+)pi(-) and baryon resonance analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE ACCEPTANCE SPECTROMETER; CONSTITUENT QUARK-MODEL; VIRTUAL PHOTONS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; REGION; CLAS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CHROMODYNAMICS; DEPENDENCE; PHYSICS AB The cross section for the reaction ep-->e'ppi(+)pi(-) was measured in the resonance region for 1.4omega martensitic transformation in pure titanium. A systematic algorithm enumerates all possible pathways whose energy barriers are evaluated. A new, homogeneous pathway emerges with a barrier at least 4 times lower than other pathways. The pathway is shown to be favorable in any nucleation model. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Trinkle, DR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Hennig, Richard/A-2978-2008; Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 OI Hennig, Richard/0000-0003-4933-7686; NR 34 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 025701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.025701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000026 PM 12906490 ER PT J AU Yoshida, T Zhou, XJ Sasagawa, T Yang, WL Bogdanov, PV Lanzara, A Hussain, Z Mizokawa, T Fujimori, A Eisaki, H Shen, ZX Kakeshita, T Uchida, S AF Yoshida, T Zhou, XJ Sasagawa, T Yang, WL Bogdanov, PV Lanzara, A Hussain, Z Mizokawa, T Fujimori, A Eisaki, H Shen, ZX Kakeshita, T Uchida, S TI Metallic behavior of lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4 with a Fermi surface forming an arc SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION AB Lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4 in the so-called "insulating" spin-glass phase has been studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We have observed that a "quasiparticle" (QP) peak crosses the Fermi level in the node direction of the d-wave superconducting gap, forming an "arc" of Fermi surface, which explains the metallic behavior at high temperatures of the lightly doped materials. The QP spectral weight of the arc smoothly increases with hole doping, which we attribute to the nsimilar tox behavior of the carrier number in the underdoped and lightly doped regions. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yoshida, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; Mizokawa, Takashi/E-3302-2015 OI Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696; Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; Mizokawa, Takashi/0000-0002-7682-2348 NR 19 TC 238 Z9 241 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 027001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.027001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000038 PM 12906502 ER PT J AU Zhu, LY Arrington, J Averett, T Beise, E Calarco, J Chang, T Chen, JP Chudakov, E Coman, M Clasie, B Crawford, C Dieterich, S Dohrmann, F Dutta, D Fissum, K Frullani, S Gao, H Gilman, R Glashausser, C Gomez, J Hafidi, K Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Holt, RJ de Jager, CW Jiang, X Kinney, E Kramer, K Kumbartzki, G LeRose, J Liyanage, N Mack, D Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meekins, D Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Mitchell, J Nanda, S Potterveld, D Ransome, R Reimer, PE Reitz, B Saha, A Schulte, EC Seely, J Sirca, S Strauch, S Sulkosky, V Vlahovic, B Weinstein, LB Wijesooriya, K Williamson, CF Wojtsekhowski, B Xiang, H Xiong, F Xu, W Zeng, J Zheng, X AF Zhu, LY Arrington, J Averett, T Beise, E Calarco, J Chang, T Chen, JP Chudakov, E Coman, M Clasie, B Crawford, C Dieterich, S Dohrmann, F Dutta, D Fissum, K Frullani, S Gao, H Gilman, R Glashausser, C Gomez, J Hafidi, K Hansen, JO Higinbotham, DW Holt, RJ de Jager, CW Jiang, X Kinney, E Kramer, K Kumbartzki, G LeRose, J Liyanage, N Mack, D Markowitz, P McCormick, K Meekins, D Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Mitchell, J Nanda, S Potterveld, D Ransome, R Reimer, PE Reitz, B Saha, A Schulte, EC Seely, J Sirca, S Strauch, S Sulkosky, V Vlahovic, B Weinstein, LB Wijesooriya, K Williamson, CF Wojtsekhowski, B Xiang, H Xiong, F Xu, W Zeng, J Zheng, X CA Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration TI Cross-section measurement of charged-pion photoproduction from hydrogen and deuterium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; COLOR TRANSPARENCY; 2-BODY PHOTODISINTEGRATION; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; SCALING LAWS; MODEL; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB We have measured the differential cross section for the gamman-->pi(-)p and gammap-->pi(+)n reactions at theta(c.m.)=90degrees in the photon energy range from 1.1 to 5.5 GeV at Jefferson Lab (JLab). The data at E(gamma)greater than or similar to3.3 GeV exhibit a global scaling behavior for both pi(-) and pi(+) photoproduction, consistent with the constituent counting rule and the existing pi(+) photoproduction data. Possible oscillations around the scaling value are suggested by these new data. The data show enhancement in the scaled cross section at a center-of-mass energy near 2.2 GeV. The cross section ratio of exclusive pi(-) to pi(+) photoproduction at high energy is consistent with the prediction based on one-hard-gluon-exchange diagrams. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30601 USA. RP Zhu, LY (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526 NR 52 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 AR 022003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.022003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 699YW UT WOS:000184086000009 PM 12906473 ER PT J AU Lin, YT Mohr, JJ Stanford, SA AF Lin, YT Mohr, JJ Stanford, SA TI Near-infrared properties of galaxy clusters: Luminosity as a binding mass predictor and the state of cluster baryons SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; infrared : galaxies ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; COMA CLUSTER; INTRACLUSTER GAS; TEMPERATURE RELATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; SCALING RELATIONS; RICH CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE AB We explore the near-infrared properties of galaxies within 27 galaxy clusters using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). For a subsample of 13 clusters with available X-ray imaging data, we examine the properties of both the galaxies and the intracluster medium. We show that the K-band luminosity is correlated with cluster mass, providing a binding mass estimate accurate to 45%. The mass-to-light ratio in our ensemble increases by a factor of similar to2 over the cluster mass range (10(14) - 10(15) M-.). We examine the total baryon fraction, showing that it is an increasing function of cluster mass. Using the mass-to-light ratio of massive clusters, we find that Omega(M) = 0.19 +/- 0.03; using the total baryon fraction we find that Omega(M) = 0.28 +/- 0.03, in good agreement with recent cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy constraints. Differences between these two estimates suggest that the K-band mass-to-light ratio in massive clusters may be lower than that in the universe by as much as similar to30%. We examine the stellar mass fraction, the intracluster medium (ICM) mass to stellar mass ratio, and the cluster ironmass fraction. The stellar mass fraction decreases by a factor of 1.8 from low-to high-mass clusters, and the ICM to stellar mass ratio increases from 5.9 to 10.4 over the same mass range. Together, these measurements suggest a decrease of star formation efficiency with increasing cluster mass and provide constraints on models of the thermodynamic history of the intracluster medium. The cluster iron mass to total mass ratio is constant and high, suggesting that some efficient and uniform enrichment process may have taken place before the bulk of stars in cluster galaxies formed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lin, YT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 92 TC 211 Z9 213 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 749 EP 763 DI 10.1086/375513 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700017 ER PT J AU Pruet, J AF Pruet, J TI Neutrinos from the propagation of a relativistic jet through a star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; neutrinos ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ACCRETION DISKS; SIMPLE GASES; SHOCK-WAVES; FIREBALLS; COLLAPSARS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SEARCH; MODEL AB We discuss the neutrino signature of a relativistic jet propagating through a stellar envelope, a scenario realized in the collapsar model for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It is shown that the dramatic slowing of the jet deep within the star is accompanied by inelastic neutron-nucleon collisions and the conversion of a substantial fraction of the jet kinetic energy to neutrinos. These neutrinos have observed energies in the range from 2 to tens of GeV and an estimated detection rate comparable to or larger than the detection rate of GeV neutrinos from other GRB-related processes. The time delay between the arrival of these neutrinos and the GRB photons is tens of seconds. An observation of this delay would provide an indication that the GRB jet originated in a massive star. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div L414, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pruet, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, N Div L414, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 1104 EP 1109 DI 10.1086/375448 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700044 ER PT J AU Wang, LF Baade, D Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Wheeler, JC Kasen, D Nugent, PE Perlmutter, S Fransson, C Lundqvist, P AF Wang, LF Baade, D Hoflich, P Khokhlov, A Wheeler, JC Kasen, D Nugent, PE Perlmutter, S Fransson, C Lundqvist, P TI Spectropolarimetry of SN 2001el in NGC 1448: Asphericity of a normal type Ia supernova SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (NGC 1448); supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 2001el); techniques : polarimetric ID WHITE-DWARF MODELS; SN 1993J; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; BINARY-SYSTEMS; LIGHT CURVES; DARK ENERGY; POLARIZATION; DETONATION AB High-quality spectropolarimetry (range 417 - 860 nm; spectral resolution 1.27 nm and 0.265 nm pixel(-1)) of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2001el was obtained with the ESO Very Large Telescope Melipal (+ FORS1) at five epochs. The spectra a week before maximum and around maximum indicate photospheric expansion velocities of about 10,000 km s(-1). Prior to optical maximum, the linear polarization of the continuum was approximate to0.2% - 0.3% with a constant position angle, showing that SN 2001el has a well-defined axis of symmetry. The polarization was nearly undetectable a week after optical maximum. The spectra are similar to those of the normally bright SN 1994D, with the exception of a strong double-troughed absorption feature seen around 800 nm (FWHM about 22 nm). The 800 nm feature is probably due to the Ca II IR triplet at very high velocities (20,000 - 26,000 km s(-1)) involving similar to0.004 M-. of calcium and perhaps 0.1 M-. total mass. The 800 nm feature is distinct in velocity space from the photospheric Ca II IR triplet and has a significantly higher degree of polarization (approximate to0.7%) and different polarization angle than the continuum. Taken together, these aspects suggest that this high-velocity calcium is a kinematically distinct feature with the matter distributed in a. lament, torus, or array of "blobs'' almost edge-on to the line of sight. This feature could thus be an important clue to the binary nature of SNe Ia, perhaps associated with an accretion disk, or to the nature of the thermonuclear burning, perhaps representing a stream of material ballistically ejected from the site of the deflagration to detonation transition. If modeled in terms of an oblate spheroid, the continuum polarization implies a minor to major axis ratio of around 0.9 if seen equator-on; this level of asymmetry would produce an absolute luminosity dispersion of about 0.1 mag when viewed at different viewing angles. If typical for SNe Ia, this would create an rms scatter of several hundredths of a magnitude around the mean brightness decline relation. We discuss the possible implications of this scatter for the high-precision measurements required to determine the cosmological equation of state. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 50 232, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USN, Res Lab, Computat Phys & Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. AlbaNova, Stockholm Observ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Wang, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 50 232, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 70 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 2 BP 1110 EP 1128 DI 10.1086/375444 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 698UF UT WOS:000184016700045 ER PT J AU Dreuw, A Fleming, GR Head-Gordon, M AF Dreuw, A Fleming, GR Head-Gordon, M TI Charge-transfer state as a possible signature of a zeaxanthin-chlorophyll dimer in the non-photochemical quenching process in green plants SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; EXCESS LIGHT ENERGY; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; S-1 STATE; FLUORESCENCE; LEAVES; APPROXIMATION; CHLOROPLASTS; CAROTENOIDS AB Quantum chemical calculations of the electronic excited states of a zeaxanthin-chlorophyll dimer show that a zeaxanthin-to-chlorophyll charge-transfer (CT) state lies in the same energy regime as the excited states S-1 of zeaxanthin and Q(y) of chlorophyll, which are relevant for the nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) process in green plants. Comparison with an analogous violaxanthin-chlorophyll dimer is made, and possible quenching mechanisms via excitation energy transfer or electron transfer are discussed. It is pointed out that the strongly allowed absorption of the zeaxanthin radical cation present in the CT state can be experimentally used as signature of the zea-chl dimer during the NPQ process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dreuw, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 27 BP 6500 EP 6503 DI 10.1021/jp034562r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 697BA UT WOS:000183921300002 ER PT J AU Chen, W Joly, AG Malm, JO Bovin, JO Wang, SP AF Chen, W Joly, AG Malm, JO Bovin, JO Wang, SP TI Full-color emission and temperature dependence of the luminescence in poly-P-phenylene ethynylene-ZnS/Mn2+ composite particles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ZNS-MN NANOPARTICLES; ZNS-MN2+ NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALS AB The synthesis of a nanocomposite material composed of anionic poly(phenylene ethynylene) (aPPE) polymer particles and ZnS/Mn2+ nanoparticles is described, and its luminescence properties are investigated. aPPE particles have two emissions, one in the blue (460 nm) and the other in the green (490 nm), that are assigned to the 0-0 transition and an excimer, respectively. ZnS/Mn2+ nanoparticles have an emission at 596 nm that is due to the T-4(1)-(6)A(1) transition of Mn2+ and an emission at 706 nm that is ascribed to defect-related luminescence. The blue, green, yellow, and red emissions make the composite a potential material for full-color displays. More interestingly, the relative intensities of the different emissions may be varied by changing the excitation energy. Infrared spectra reveal that interactions exist between the two particles; however, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra as well as observations of luminescence lifetimes indicate that there is negligible energy transfer from the polymer particles to the ZnS/Mn2+ nanoparticles. Temperature studies reveal that the ZnS/Mn2+ particles in the nanocomposite have a significantly reduced thermal quenching energy relative to that of bare ZnS/Mn2+ nanoparticles. In addition, between room temperature and 90 degreesC, the luminescence of the ZnS/Mn2+ nanoparticles at 596 nm increases in intensity with increasing temperature. This surprising phenomenon is attributed to thermoluminescence and thermal curing of the particle surface upon heating. C1 Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Chem Mat, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Nomad Inc, 1024 S Innovat Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. NR 36 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 27 BP 6544 EP 6551 DI 10.1021/jp034476r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 697BA UT WOS:000183921300010 ER PT J AU Annunziata, O Vergara, A Paduano, L Sartorio, R Miller, DG Albright, JG AF Annunziata, O Vergara, A Paduano, L Sartorio, R Miller, DG Albright, JG TI Precision of interferometric diffusion coefficients in a four-component system relevant to protein crystal growth: Lysozyme-tetra(ethylene glycol)-NaCl-H2O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POLYMER-SOLVENT MIXTURES; MUTUAL DIFFUSION; MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; ISOTHERMAL DIFFUSION; QUATERNARY DIFFUSION; LYSOZYME CHLORIDE; 25-DEGREES-C; RAYLEIGH; TRANSPORT AB We investigate the precision of Rayleigh interferometry in evaluating the nine mutual diffusion coefficients D-ij defining a four-component system by investigating the system lysozyme-tetra(ethylene glycol)-NaCl-H2O. We believe our results to be the most successful experimental determination of diffusion coefficients in quaternary systems. This choice of system is motivated by its relevance to protein crystal growth. The comparison of the D-ij coefficients of the quaternary system and the D-ij coefficients from the corresponding ternary and binary systems enables us to extract some information about the hydrodynamics and thermodynamics in solutions where protein crystals grow. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Chem, I-80126 Naples, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Sartorio, R (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Chem, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy. OI PADUANO, Luigi/0000-0002-1105-4237; Vergara, Alessandro/0000-0003-4135-0245 NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 27 BP 6590 EP 6597 DI 10.1021/jp0301094 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 697BA UT WOS:000183921300016 ER PT J AU Liebovich, AK Ligeti, Z Wise, MB AF Liebovich, AK Ligeti, Z Wise, MB TI Comment on quark masses in SCET SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID V-UB; DECAYS AB Quark masses are included in the SCET Lagrangian. Treating the strange quark mass as order A(QCD), we find that strange quark mass terms are suppressed in SCETI, but are leading order in SCETII. This is relevant for B decays to K* and K. Strange quark mass effects in semileptonic and weak radiative form factors are studied. They give corrections to the form factors that are not suppressed by powers of the bottom quark mass, or, equivalently, by the large recoil energy of the final state meson, and preserve the heavy to light form factor relations that follow from using the leading order current. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM adam@fnal.gov; zligeti@lbl.gov; wise@theory.caltech.edu NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 564 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00565-3 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 698EM UT WOS:000183984700010 ER PT J AU Anderson, ML Bartelt, NC Swartzentruber, BS AF Anderson, ML Bartelt, NC Swartzentruber, BS TI The importance of Pb-vacancy attractions on diffusion in the Pb/Cu(001) surface alloy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface diffusion; copper; lead; palladium ID ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALS AB We study the diffusion of Pb atoms embedded in a Cu(0 0 1) surface using atom-tracking scanning tunneling microscopy. By comparing these observations with simulations based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, we deduce that the diffusion occurs by a vacancy-mediated mechanism in which the vacancy is attracted by the embedded Pb atom. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Swartzentruber, BS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 538 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00644-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 696VD UT WOS:000183907500009 ER PT J AU Cai, T Song, Z Chang, Z Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J AF Cai, T Song, Z Chang, Z Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J TI Ru nanoclusters prepared by Ru-3(CO)(12) deposition on Au(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; scanning tunneling microscopy; thermal desorption spectroscopy; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; growth; gold; ruthenium ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; RECONSTRUCTED AU(111); MO(CO)(6) PRECURSOR; SUPPORTED RUTHENIUM; AMMONIA-SYNTHESIS; GROWTH; ADSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; SURFACE; CO AB The adsorption and decomposition of Ru-3(CO)(12) on Au(1 1 1) at several substrate temperatures have been investigated by TDS, XPS and STM. The adsorption of Ru-3(CO)(12) is molecular at 90 K. Heating the surface covered with Ru-3(CO)(12) leads to the desorption of CO over a wide range of temperatures, which implies the gradual decomposition of the carbonyl molecules. The decarbonylation is complete at around 500 K, leaving metallic Ru on the surface. Carbonyl molecules are partially decomposed after adsorption at room temperature, forming islands of nanosized clusters preferentially located at the elbow sites of the Au(1 1 1) herringbone reconstruction. The remaining CO molecules desorb upon surface heat treatment, which promotes the mobility of the nascent metallic Ru nanoclusters and results in the non-coalescing aggregation of the nanoclusters. A recommended preparation of Ru nanoclusters is to deposit Ru-3(CO)(12) on gold at a substrate temperature of 500 K. This allows a fine control of Ru nanocluster coverages and lower level of carbon contamination in the deposited layer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hrbek, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2003 VL 538 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00694-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 696VD UT WOS:000183907500011 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT Skoug, RM McComas, DJ AF Gosling, JT Skoug, RM McComas, DJ TI Solar electron bursts at very low energies: Evidence for acceleration in the high corona? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED-COMPOSITION-EXPLORER; ALPHA-MONITOR; EVENTS; SPACECRAFT; EMISSION AB [1] More than 280 impulsive solar electron bursts, largely associated with type III radio bursts, have been observed by the solar wind experiment on ACE at energies below 1.4 keV. Here we illustrate some of the characteristics of these events with detailed observations of a particularly intense and long-lasting (>19 hours) event that extended smoothly as a power law in energy down to at least 142 eV. Such low-energy extensions of burst spectra may be evidence that the electrons in these bursts are accelerated at altitudes considerably greater than 1 solar radius above the photosphere. If so, then other characteristics of these events make it appear unlikely that the bursts result from shock acceleration. An alternate possibility is that acceleration actually occurs relatively low in the corona, as would be inferred from observations of type III bursts, and is followed by a more gradual release of electrons to the heliosphere. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Gosling, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 13 AR 1697 DI 10.1029/2003GL017079 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 704KF UT WOS:000184338300001 ER PT J AU Ionov, L Minko, S Stamm, M Gohy, JF Jerome, R Scholl, A AF Ionov, L Minko, S Stamm, M Gohy, JF Jerome, R Scholl, A TI Reversible chemical patterning on stimuli-responsive polymer film: Environment-responsive lithography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIMAGING SYSTEM; SURFACES; BRUSHES; MICROCHANNELS; MONOLAYERS AB We report on a novel type of chemical patterning based on thin stimuli-responsive polymer films. The basic concept is the permanent storage (writing) of a pattern, which is reversibly developed and erased upon exposure to appropriate environment, e.g., solvent, pH, and temperature. The smart surface is fabricated from the mixed brush of poly(2-vinylpyridine) and polyisoprene. The mixed brush demonstrates switching behavior upon exposure to different solvents. Cross-linking of polyisoprene via illumination through a photomask results in formation of patterns with suppressed switching. Due to the contrast in switching between illuminated and dark areas, exposure of the smart surface to different solvents causes either reversible formation or erasing of chemical contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Thus, the pattern surface can very locally attract colloidal particles or can be wetted by water only upon exposure to the special solvent which introduces the contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Appearance of the patterns indicates particular environment and can be used for local switching of adsorption. C1 Inst Polymerforsch Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. Univ Liege, CERM, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Minko, S (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM minko@ipfdd.de RI Ionov, Leonid/C-4862-2008; Minko, Sergiy/A-9458-2009; Umlauf, Ursula/D-3356-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 OI Ionov, Leonid/0000-0002-0770-6140; Minko, Sergiy/0000-0002-7747-9668; NR 26 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 9 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 27 BP 8302 EP 8306 DI 10.1021/ja035560n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 697JJ UT WOS:000183938900049 PM 12837102 ER PT J AU Holt, RM Glass, RJ Sigda, JM Mattson, ED AF Holt, RM Glass, RJ Sigda, JM Mattson, ED TI Influence of centrifugal forces on phase structure in partially saturated media SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVASION PERCOLATION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; UNSATURATED FLOW; DISPLACEMENT; MODEL AB [1] Centrifugal methods are gaining increased attention for use in hydrologic experiments within partially saturated media. Through use of a Modified Invasion Percolation (MIP) model, we examine the influence of a stabilizing centrifugal (buoyancy) force on the invasion of a light non-wetting fluid (e.g., air) into a heterogeneous porous media initially saturated with a denser, wetting fluid (e.g., water). Results show that while capillary heterogeneity controls phase structure outside of a centrifugal field, the influence of capillary heterogeneity varies with angular velocity in a centrifugal field. As the angular velocity is increased, the invasion processes and phase structure become increasingly insensitive to heterogeneity, regardless of its style or orientation. Because phase structure critically influences flow processes and petrophysical properties (pressure-saturation, relative permeability, electrical resistivity, etc.), the design of centrifugal experiments must carefully consider this interplay between capillary heterogeneity and centrifugal force. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, New Mexico Bur Geol & Min Resources, Albuquerque, NM USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Holt, RM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. OI Mattson, Earl/0000-0002-2616-0008 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 13 AR 1692 DI 10.1029/2003GL017340 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 704KE UT WOS:000184338200004 ER PT J AU Zhan, CG Zheng, F Dixon, DA AF Zhan, CG Zheng, F Dixon, DA TI Theoretical studies of photoelectron spectra of SO42-(H2O)(n) clusters and the extrapolation to bulk solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION FORMALISM; CARBOXYLIC-ACID ESTERS; HYDRATION FREE-ENERGY; REACTION FIELD-THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; 2 STRUCTURAL FORMS; REACTION PATHWAYS; WATER CLUSTERS; EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY AB Photoelectron spectra of hydrated doubly charged anion clusters, SO42-(H2O)(n), have been studied by performing first-principles electronic structure calculations on SO42-(H2O)(n) (n=3-6, 12, and 13). The calculated adiabatic electron ionization energies are in good agreement with available experimental data. A detailed analysis of the calculated results suggests that for ngreater than or equal to12 the observed threshold ionization energy of the low binding energy band in the recently reported photoelectron spectra of SO42-(H2O)(n) is associated with the electron ionization from the solute, SO42-, whereas the observed threshold ionization energy of the high binding energy band is associated with the electron ionization from the water molecules in the first solvation shell of SO42-. For nless than or equal to6, both threshold ionization energies of the low and high binding energy bands are all associated with the electron ionizations from the solute. This shows that the bulk solution value (n-->infinity) extrapolated from those threshold ionization energies of the high binding energy band of the clusters should refer to the first ionization energy of the water molecules in the first solvation shell of SO42- in aqueous solution and, therefore, should be significantly smaller than the measured threshold ionization energy of liquid water. This differs from the recent result that the value of 10.05 eV extrapolated from the threshold ionization energies of the high binding energy band based on a simple 1/R-c model was nearly identical to the measured threshold ionization energy (10.06 eV) of liquid water. To address this difference, we have used a new approach for the extrapolation of solvated ion cluster data to bulk solution. We show that the new extrapolation approach consistently produces extrapolated bulk solution results in significantly better agreement with those observed directly in bulk solution for the first ionization energies of the ions in SO42- (H2O)(n), Br- (H2O)(n), and I- (H2O)(n). The same extrapolation approach predicts a bulk solution value of 7.20 eV extrapolated from the threshold ionization energies of the high binding energy band, consistent with our assignment of the high binding energy band. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhan, CG (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 2 BP 781 EP 793 DI 10.1063/1.1576758 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 695QV UT WOS:000183842500015 ER PT J AU Gomez, H Meloni, G Madrid, J Neumark, DM AF Gomez, H Meloni, G Madrid, J Neumark, DM TI Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of solvated transition state precursors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CENTER-DOT-AR; NEGATIVE-ION PHOTODETACHMENT; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER CLUSTERS; HYDROGEN-BOND; REGION; DENSITY; SPECTRA; COMPLEX AB Photoelectron (PE) spectra have been collected for the clustered bihalide anions XHX-.(M) (X=Br, I) and BrHI-.(M), where M=H2O, HBr, and HI, in order to probe the effects of strongly solvating species on the PE spectra of transition state precursor anions. The PE spectra of the XHX-.(H2O) ions show similar vibrational progressions as the spectra of the bare BrHBr- and IHI- anions, indicating that photodetachment of the bare and hydrated ions accesses similar XHX transition state geometries on the X+HX reaction potential energy surfaces. These results are consistent with electronic structure calculations that predict a double hydrogen-bonded XHX-.(H2O) structure in which the symmetry of the strong XHX- hydrogen bond is largely preserved. In contrast, PE spectra of BrHBr-(HBr)(1,2) and IHI-(HI)(1,2) indicate that the addition of a single HBr or HI disrupts the symmetric XHX- bond, resulting in structures of the form X-.(HX)(n), and altering the geometry of the Franck-Condon region accessed on the neutral potential energy surfaces. Similarly, PE spectra of BrHI-.(HI) and BrHI-.(HBr) suggest anion structures of the form I-.(HBr)HI and I-.(HBr)(2), respectively. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gomez, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 2 BP 872 EP 879 DI 10.1063/1.1577331 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 695QV UT WOS:000183842500027 ER PT J AU Cai, J Prausnitz, JM AF Cai, J Prausnitz, JM TI Conformation of a diblock or random square-well copolymer in dilute solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; POLYMER-CHAINS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; GLOBULE TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EXCLUDED VOLUME; SPIN-GLASSES; FIELD-THEORY; THETA-POINT; HARD-SPHERE AB The conformation and thermodynamic properties of a diblock square-well copolymer or a random square-well copolymer have been calculated by the Born-Green-Yvon (BGY) theory, making use of an appropriate approximation for the third-order correlation function as well as the translational invariance approximation. The BGY results for the end-to-end distribution of copolymers are in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations when the attractive interaction between segments is not strong. BGY calculations semiquantitatively predict the conformations of a copolymer when the attractive interaction is strong. At low temperatures, one block comprised of attractive segments of the diblock copolymer collapses while the other block, comprised of repulsive segments, dominates the scaling behavior. The end-to-end-distance distribution function for a random copolymer is similar to that for an AB...AB copolymer when the temperature is at least moderate. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1223 EP 1231 DI 10.1063/1.1578627 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 695QV UT WOS:000183842500064 ER PT J AU Kim, R Lai, LH Lee, HH Cheong, GW Kim, KK Wu, Z Yokota, H Marqusee, S Kim, SH AF Kim, R Lai, LH Lee, HH Cheong, GW Kim, KK Wu, Z Yokota, H Marqusee, S Kim, SH TI On the mechanism of chaperone activity of the small heat-shock protein of Methanococcus jannaschii SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE stress-induced protein ID MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; SWEET PROTEIN; HYPERTHERMOPHILE; SURFACES AB The small heat-shock protein (sHSP) from Methanococcus jannaschii (Mj HSP16.5)forms a homomeric complex of 24 subunits and has an overall structure of a multiwindowed hollow sphere with an external diameter of approximate to120 Angstrom and an internal diameter of approximate to65 Angstrom with six square "windows" of approximate to17 Angstrom across and eight triangular windows of approximate to30 Angstrom across. This sHSP has been known to protect other proteins from thermal denaturation. Using purified single-chain monellin as a substrate and a series of methods such as protease digestion, antibody binding, and electron microscopy, we show that the substrates bind to Mj HSP16.5 at a high temperature (80degreesC) on the outside surface of the sphere and are prevented from forming insoluble substrate aggregates in vitro. Circular dichroism studies suggest that a very small, if any, conformational change occurs in sHSP even at 80degreesC, but substantial conformational changes of the substrate are required for complex formation at 80degreesC. Furthermore, deletion mutation studies of Mj HSP16.5 suggest that the N-terminal region of the protein has no structural role but may play an important kinetic role in the assembly of the sphere by "preassembly condensation" of multiple monomers before final assembly of the sphere. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Inst Phys Chem, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Dept Biochem, Chinju 660701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062412, GM 62412] NR 16 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 14 BP 8151 EP 8155 DI 10.1073/pnas.1032940100 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702KF UT WOS:000184222500023 PM 12817080 ER PT J AU Warren, D Sam, MD Manley, K Sarkar, D Lee, SY Abbani, M Wojciak, JM Clubb, RT Landy, A AF Warren, D Sam, MD Manley, K Sarkar, D Lee, SY Abbani, M Wojciak, JM Clubb, RT Landy, A TI Identification of the lambda integrase surface that interacts with Xis reveals a residue that is also critical for Int dimer formation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DNA-BINDING; BICINCHONINIC ACID; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; ATT-SITE; PROTEIN; COMPLEX; EXCISIONASE AB Lambda integrase (Int) is a heterobivalent DNA-binding protein that together with the accessory DNA-bending proteins IHF, Fis, and Xis, forms the higher-order protein-DNA complexes that execute integrative and excisive recombination at specific loci on the chromosomes of phage lambda and its Escherichia coli host. The large carboxyl-terminal domain of Int is responsible for binding to core-type DNA sites and catalysis of DNA cleavage and ligation reactions. The small amino-terminal domain (residues 1-70), which specifies binding to arm-type DNA sites distant from the regions of strand exchange, consists of a three-stranded beta-sheet, proposed to recognize the cognate DNA site, and an alpha-helix. We report here that a site on this alpha-helix is critical for both homomeric interactions between Int protomers and heteromeric interactions with Xis. The mutant E47A, which was identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis, abolishes interactions between lint and Xis bound at adjacent binding sites and reduces interactions between Int protomers bound at adjacent arm-type sites. Concomitantly, this residue is essential for excisive recombination and contributes to the efficiency of the integrative reaction. NMR titration data with a peptide corresponding to Xis residues 57-69 strongly suggest that the carboxyl-terminal tail of Xis and the alpha-helix of the amino-terminal domain of Int comprise the primary interaction surface for these two proteins. The use of a common site on lambda Int for both homotypic and heterotypic interactions fits well with the complex regulatory patterns associated with this site-specific recombination reaction. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Genomics & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brown Univ, Div Biol & Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Inst Microbial Technol, Chandigarh 160036, India. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Sarkar, Dibyendu/F-9269-2010 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057487, GM57487, GM62723, R01 GM062723, GM33928, R01 GM033928] NR 45 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 14 BP 8176 EP 8181 DI 10.1073/pnas.1033041100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702KF UT WOS:000184222500027 PM 12832614 ER PT J AU Klebig, ML Wall, MD Potter, MD Rowe, EL Carpenter, DA Rinchik, EM AF Klebig, ML Wall, MD Potter, MD Rowe, EL Carpenter, DA Rinchik, EM TI Mutations in the clathrin-assembly gene Picalm are responsible for the hematopoietic and iron metabolism abnormalities in fit1 mice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; PLATELET-DENSE GRANULES; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; MOUSE CHROMOSOME-7; FITNESS1(4226SB) LOCUS; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; CALM/AF10 FUSION; PROTEIN; BINDING AB Recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutations recovered at the fitness-1 (fit1) locus in mouse chromosome 7 cause hematopoietic abnormalities, growth retardation, and shortened life span, with varying severity of the defects in different alleles. Abnormal iron distribution and metabolism and frequent scoliosis have also been associated with an allele of intermediate severity (fit1(4R)). We report that fit1(4R), as well as the most severe fit1(5R) allele, are nonsense point mutations in the mouse ortholog of the human phosphatidylinositol-binding. clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) gene, whose product is involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A variety of leukemias and lymphomas have been associated with translocations that fuse human PICALM with the putative transcription factor gene AF10. The Picalm(fit1-SR) and Picalm(fit1-4R) mutations are splice-donor alterations resulting in transcripts that are less abundant than normal and missing exons 4 and 17, respectively. These exon deletions introduce premature termination codons predicted to truncate the proteins near the IN and C termini, respectively. No mutations in the genes encoding Picalm, clathrin, or components of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) have been previously described in which the suite of disorders present in the Picalm(fit1) mutant mice is apparent. These mutants thus provide unique models for exploring how the endocytic function of mouse Picalm and the transport processes mediated by clathrin and the AP2 complex contribute to normal hematopoiesis, iron metabolism, and growth. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Klebig, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008,Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 8 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 14 BP 8360 EP 8365 DI 10.1073/pnas.1432634100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 702KF UT WOS:000184222500059 PM 12832620 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, DR Brundermann, E Haller, EE AF Chamberlin, DR Brundermann, E Haller, EE TI Narrow linewidth intervalence-band emission from germanium terahertz lasers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH DUTY CYCLE; P-GE LASER; MODE-LOCKING; SPECTROSCOPY; LENGTH; GAS AB We demonstrate narrow linewidth emission from p-Ge terahertz lasers at low magnetic fields where intervalence-band emission dominates. The volume of these laser crystals is 32 mm(3), which is one order of magnitude smaller than the lasers for which the emission spectrum has been measured previously. The frequencies emitted are shown to be selected by the optical cavity and do not shift with the magnetic field, as has been observed for larger laser crystals. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chamberlin, DR (reprint author), Agilent Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RI Bruendermann, Erik/J-7186-2016 OI Bruendermann, Erik/0000-0003-4119-3489 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1063/1.1590422 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800002 ER PT J AU Goudeau, P Villain, P Tamura, N Padmore, HA AF Goudeau, P Villain, P Tamura, N Padmore, HA TI Mesoscale x-ray diffraction measurement of stress relaxation associated with buckling in compressed thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DELAMINATION; OXIDATION; BLISTERS AB Compressed thin films deposited on substrates may buckle depending on the geometrical and mechanical properties of the film/substrate set. Until recently, the small dimensions of the buckling have prevented measurements of their local in plane internal stress distribution. Using a scanning x-ray microdiffraction technique developed at a third generation x-ray synchrotron source, we obtained thin film internal stress maps for circular blisters and telephone chord buckling with micrometric spatial resolution. A fair agreement was found between the film delamination topology observed by optical microscopy and the measured stress maps. We evidenced residual stress relaxation associated with the film buckling: the top is essentially stress free while adherent region exhibits large compressive stresses. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Poitiers, Met Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 6630, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goudeau, P (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, Met Phys Lab, CNRS, UMR 6630, SP2MI,Bvd Marie & Pierre Curie, F-86962 Futuroscope, France. RI Valat-Villain, Pascale/E-9211-2013 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 51 EP 53 DI 10.1063/1.1591081 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800018 ER PT J AU Zunger, A AF Zunger, A TI Practical doping principles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; V SEMICONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; II-VI; ZNO; PREDICTION; IMPURITY; HYDROGEN; ORIGIN AB Theoretical investigations of doping of several wide-gap materials suggest a number of rather general, practical "doping principles'' that may help guide experimental strategies for overcoming doping bottlenecks. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 26 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1063/1.1584074 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800020 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Yang, XY Rozhkova, EA Besser, MF Kramer, MJ AF Sordelet, DJ Yang, XY Rozhkova, EA Besser, MF Kramer, MJ TI Oxygen-stabilized glass formation in Zr80Pt20 melt-spun ribbons SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; METALLIC-GLASS; HIGH-STRENGTH; BINARY ALLOY; ZR-PD; NI; PRECIPITATION AB The as-quenched structure of Zr80Pt20 melt-spun ribbons containing measured oxygen contents ranging from 184 to 4737 ppm mass was studied. Ribbons containing less than 500 ppm mass oxygen are fully crystallized and consist predominantly of a metastable ordered beta-Zr phase with significant solution of Pt. Increasing oxygen content to 1053 and 1547 ppm mass produces a transition to fully amorphous and to mixed amorphous and quasicrystalline structures, respectively. Samples containing 4737 ppm mass consist of quasicrystalline and crystalline phases in an amorphous matrix. The results from this study suggest a critical level of oxygen is required to promote glass formation in Zr80Pt20 melt-spun ribbons produced at a specific quench rate. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 69 EP 71 DI 10.1063/1.1588371 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800024 ER PT J AU Leonard, F Tersoff, J AF Leonard, F Tersoff, J TI Competing step instabilities at surfaces under stress SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI(001) AB We compare the different instability modes of a vicinal (stepped) surface under stress, for permeable as well as impermeable steps. With increasing step spacing, there is a crossover of the dominant stress-driven instability from step bunching to step undulation. The step spacing for this crossover depends exponentially on the stress. Atom attachment barriers tend to suppress these stress-driven instabilities. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Leonard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1063/1.1591060 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800025 ER PT J AU Findikoglu, AT Serquis, A Civale, L Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Hawley, ME Mueller, FM Nesterenko, VF Gu, Y AF Findikoglu, AT Serquis, A Civale, L Liao, XZ Zhu, YT Hawley, ME Mueller, FM Nesterenko, VF Gu, Y TI Microwave performance of high-density bulk MgB2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-RESISTANCE; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; RF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; FILMS; FIELD AB We have performed microwave measurements on superconducting hot-isostatically pressed (HIPed) bulk MgB2 using a parallel-plate resonator technique. The high density and strength of the HIPed material allowed preparation of samples with mirror-like surfaces for microwave measurements. The microwave effective surface resistance R-s decreased by about 40% at 20 K when the root-mean-square surface roughness was reduced from 220 to 110 nm through surface polishing and ion milling. The R-s was independent of surface microwave magnetic field at least up to 4 Oe and below 30 K. We attribute this behavior, and the overall low R-s (similar to0.8 mOmega at 10 GHz and 20 K), to the high density of our samples and the absence of weak links between grains. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct Technol Ctr, MS T004, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 108 EP 110 DI 10.1063/1.1590739 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800037 ER PT J AU He, FZ Wells, BO Shapiro, SM von Zimmermann, M Clark, A Xi, XX AF He, FZ Wells, BO Shapiro, SM von Zimmermann, M Clark, A Xi, XX TI Anomalous phase transition in strained SrTiO3 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; DIELECTRIC LOSS; DEGREES K; SCATTERING AB We have studied the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition in epitaxial SrTiO3 films under various biaxial strain conditions using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Measuring the superlattice peak associated with TiO6 octahedra rotation in the low-temperature tetragonal phase indicates the presence of a phase transition whose critical temperature is a strong function of strain, with T-C as much as 50 K above the corresponding bulk temperature. Surprisingly, the lattice constants evolve smoothly through the transition, with no indication of a phase change. This signals an important change in the nature of the phase transition due to the epitaxial strain and substrate clamping effect. The internal degrees of freedom (TiO6 rotations) evolve independently from the overall lattice shape. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP He, FZ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI He, Feizhou/G-8493-2015 OI He, Feizhou/0000-0002-3125-1406 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1063/1.1589186 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696FY UT WOS:000183877800042 ER PT J AU Henderson, P Arnold, T McMakin, A AF Henderson, P Arnold, T McMakin, A TI Business opportunities with in-depth interviews SO CHEMISTRY & INDUSTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PI LONDON PA 14 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON SW1X 8PS, ENGLAND SN 0009-3068 J9 CHEM IND-LONDON JI Chem. Ind. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 IS 13 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 699UJ UT WOS:000184074100015 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Gordon, JC Clark, DL Scott, BL AF Giesbrecht, GR Gordon, JC Clark, DL Scott, BL TI Synthesis, structure and solution dynamics of lithium salts of superbulky cyclopentadienyl ligands SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; NMR; TETRAHYDROFURAN; METALLOCENE; COMPOUND; CRYSTAL; CAPTURE; MNDO AB The superbulky cyclopentadienes (CpAr5)H (Ar-# = 3,5-Me2C6H3 (1 a); Ar* = 3,5-(Bu2C6H3)-Bu-t (1b)) were prepared by the palladium-catalyzed reaction of metallocenes with aryl bromides. NMR spectroscopy was consistent with C-s symmetric solution structures with free rotation of the substituted aryl rings. The molecular structure of la is similar to that previously determined for pentaphenylcyclopentadiene, with a planar Cp ring bisected by an approximate mirror plane. Addition of BuLi to 1a,b yielded the lithium salts (CpAr5#)Li(THF)(2) (2a) and (CpAr*(5))Li (2b) in good yield. Li-7 NMR spectroscopy of 2a,b indicated more than one species in solution. Crystallization of 2a from toluene revealed an infinite one-dimensional chain structure with alternating [(CpAr5#,)(2)Li](-) and [(THF)Li(CpAr5#)Li(CpAr5#)Li(THF)](+) units; due to the sterics of the Cp rings, the lithium atom appears to be only loosely held in place with a larger than usual Li-Cp distance. Li-7 NMR spectroscopy suggested an equilibrium between the monomeric species (CpAr5#,)Li(THF)(x) and the metallate [(CpAr5#)(2)Li][Li(THF)(x)] in C6D6 which was supported by variable temperature and NOESY Li-7 NMR experiments. Crystallization of 2a from THF/TMEDA yielded the solvent separated ion pair [(CpAr5#)(2)Li][Li(TMEDA)(2)] (3a). In this case, Li-7 NMR spectroscopy pointed towards the presence of a single species in solution. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Giesbrecht, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 IS 13 BP 2658 EP 2665 DI 10.1039/b302258g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 701FP UT WOS:000184157800007 ER PT J AU Laursen, TA Heinstein, MW AF Laursen, TA Heinstein, MW TI Consistent mesh tying methods for topologically distinct discretized surfaces in non-linear solid mechanics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mesh tying methods; contact algorithms; patch tests; mortar element methods ID PARALLEL STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; FRICTIONAL CONTACT PROBLEMS; PARTITIONED FETI METHOD; ALGORITHM; FORMULATION; INTERFACES AB This work presents a new technique for joining dissimilar meshes in non-linear finite element analysis, with the novel result that the adjoining surfaces do not need to be spatially coincident for patch tests to be passed. The work builds in some sense on results previously presented by Dohrmann et al. (International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1991; 40:1205), but considerably generalizes upon the results presented there. Most importantly, it is shown that consistency of the tied finite element formulation may be achieved such that implementation of element formulations is not affected, through the use of a three-field variational principle applied over the contacting region. A key conclusion of the work is that although the approach advocated bears some resemblance to mortar element schemes for contact analysis (see, for example, McDevitt and Laursen, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2000; 48:1525), a straightforward application of a mortaring scheme is not sufficient to guarantee patch test passage when dissimilar meshing of curved surfaces leads to local open volumes (or overlaps) between tied surfaces in their reference configurations. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated through a number of numerical examples performed within a matrix-free non-linear equation solving framework. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Computat Mech Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Laursen, TA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Computat Mech Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Laursen, Tod/0000-0003-4704-7730 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 57 IS 9 BP 1197 EP 1242 DI 10.1002/nme.721 PG 46 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 701RP UT WOS:000184183000001 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ Adler, HG Lee, WK Shastri, SD AF Curry, JJ Adler, HG Lee, WK Shastri, SD TI Direct observation of de-mixing in a ceramic metal-halide arc lamp SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAY-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMA COMPOSITION; AXIAL SEGREGATION; MERCURY-ARC; DISCHARGE; TEMPERATURE; CONVECTION; SODIUM; MODEL AB De-mixing of additives in a vertically-operated, ceramic DyI3-CsI-Hg metal-halide arc lamp has been observed by examining the ratios of absolute I elemental densities as a function of position. As the elemental densities have been obtained directly by x-ray induced fluorescence (Curry J J, Adler H G, Shastri S D and Lee W-K 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 2359), this approach reveals the extent of mixing (or de-mixing) with no intervening assumptions about equilibrium, the local temperature, or the accuracy of partition functions. The metal additives in the arc studied show complex de-mixing. Depletion of Dy and Cs from the core is attributed to ambipolar cataphoresis. These same additives also exhibit a relative enhancement in a layer just outside the core before decreasing again toward the wall. Thermochemical data are used to derive radial distributions of molecular species given the experimentally obtained elemental densities and the gas temperature assuming a lamp operating pressure of 10(6) Pa (10 atm). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OSRAM SYLVANIA, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 13 BP 1529 EP 1534 AR PII S0022-3727(03)61167-8 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/315 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 722DV UT WOS:000185360900021 ER PT J AU Karshtedt, D Bell, AT Tilley, TD AF Karshtedt, D Bell, AT Tilley, TD TI Synthesis and study of heterobimetallic complexes supported by a ferrocene-based bisphosphine-diamine ligand SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; ALDOL REACTION; FERROCENYLPHOSPHINE COMPLEXES; PALLADIUM COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATALYSIS; REARRANGEMENTS; ALLYLATION; REACTIVITY AB The difunctional bisphosphine-diamine ligand 1, the racemate of (S)-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-1-[(R)-1',2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethylamine, has been used to prepare several novel heterobimetallic complexes for potential catalysis applications based on cooperative interactions between two reactive metal centers. The complexes were characterized by electron ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. Specifically P-31 NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the binding modes of the ligand. The X-ray crystal structure of 10 (containing Pt and Cu) confirms a (P,P)binding mode for Pd and an (N,N)-binding mode for Cu. The distance between Pt and Cu metal centers was 4.528(3) Angstrom. Palladium complexes of 1 exist as an equilibrium mixture of isomers involving (P,P)- and (P,N)-coordination modes for palladium (K-eq = 1.90 at 22 degreesC; DeltaH = -4.3(4) kcal/mol and DeltaS = -13(1) eu). This isomerization process can be suppressed by the addition of (Et2O)MgBr2 to 1, which forms the (N,N)-bound Mg complex 4. This complex reacted with trans-(PPh3)(2)PdBr2 to form the bimetallic complex 5, in which Pd is (P,P)-bound. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 14 BP 2855 EP 2861 DI 10.1021/om0300631 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 697AM UT WOS:000183920100009 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, JLV TI Neural network algorithm for particle loading SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article AB An artificial neural network algorithm for continuous minimization is developed and applied to the case of numerical particle loading. It is shown that higher-order moments of the probability distribution function can be efficiently renormalized using this technique. A general neural network for the renormalization of an arbitrary number of moments is given. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 313 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(03)00769-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 697BU UT WOS:000183923000009 ER PT J AU Altes, HK Ribeiro, RM de Boer, RJ AF Altes, HK Ribeiro, RM de Boer, RJ TI The race between initial T-helper expansion and virus growth upon HIV infection influences polyclonality of the response and viral set-point SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE HIV; viral set-point; mathematical model; polyclonality; CD4 T help ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CELL RESPONSES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CD40 LIGAND; LYMPHOCYTES; CD8(+); MEMORY; PLASMA; REPLICATION AB Infection with HIV is characterized by very diverse disease-progression patterns across patients, associated with a wide variation in viral set-points. Progression is a multifactorial process, but an important role has been attributed to the HIV-specific T-cell response. To explore the conditions under which different set-points may be explained by differences in initial CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses and virus inoculum, we have formulated a model assuming that HIV-specific CD4 cells are both targets for infection and mediators of a monoclonal or polyclonal immune response. Clones differ in functional avidity for HIV epitopes. Importantly, in contrast to previous models, in this model we obtained coexistence of multiple clones at steady-state viral set-point, as seen in HIV infection. We found that, for certain parameter conditions, multiple steady states are possible: with few initial CD4 helper cells and high virus inoculum, no immune response is established and target-cell-limited infection follows, with associated high viral load; when CD4 clones are initially large and virus inoculum is low, infection can be controlled by several clones. The conditions for the dependence of viral set-point on initial inoculum and CD4 T-helper clone availability are investigated in terms of the effector mechanism of the clones involved. C1 Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Lab Immunol Cellulaire & Tissulaire, F-75013 Paris, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utrecht, Theoret Biol & Bioinformat Grp, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Altes, HK (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Populat Biol Sect, Kruislaan 320, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM altes@science.uva.nl RI De Boer, Rob/B-6050-2011 OI De Boer, Rob/0000-0002-2130-691X NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUL 7 PY 2003 VL 270 IS 1522 BP 1349 EP 1358 DI 10.1098/rspb.2003.2377 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 701HF UT WOS:000184161600004 ER PT J AU Ozaki, T Kimura, T Yoshida, Z Francis, AJ AF Ozaki, T Kimura, T Yoshida, Z Francis, AJ TI Characterization of Eu(III) adsorbed onto chitin and chitosan by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy SO CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONS AB Chitin and chitosan exhibited high distribution coefficients for Eu(III). On the other hand, analysis by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the hydration states of Eu(III) on chitin and on chitosan were significantly different. Europium(III) on chitin interacted with its coordination sites in an inner-spherical manner while that on chitosan interacts in an outer-spherical manner. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3101195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ozaki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3101195, Japan. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-5 KANDA-SURUGADAI CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-8307, JAPAN SN 0366-7022 EI 1348-0715 J9 CHEM LETT JI Chem. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 560 EP 561 DI 10.1246/cl.2003.560 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 702XM UT WOS:000184250100001 ER PT J AU Hawke, BR Lawrence, DJ Blewett, DT Lucey, PG Smith, GA Spudis, PD Taylor, GJ AF Hawke, BR Lawrence, DJ Blewett, DT Lucey, PG Smith, GA Spudis, PD Taylor, GJ TI Hansteen Alpha: A volcanic construct in the lunar highlands SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Moon; remote sensing; nonmare volcanism; highlands volcanism; Clementine; spectral anomalies ID THORIUM ABUNDANCES; SURFACE; MOON; REGION; GRUITHUISEN; REFLECTANCE; IMAGES; DOMES; CRUST; IRON AB [1] We have used data from the Clementine and Lunar Prospector spacecraft in conjunction with near-IR reflectance spectra collected with Earth-based telescopes to study the composition and origin of Hansteen Alpha, an arrowhead-shaped highlands feature located on the southern margin of Oceanus Procellarum. Hansteen Alpha is a member of a class of lunar spectral anomalies (Red Spots) that are characterized by a relatively high albedo and a strong absorption in the UV. It has been suggested that at least some of these spectral anomalies were produced by nonmare volcanism. The stratigraphic relationships among the geologic and compositional units in the region show that Hansteen Alpha was emplaced by extrusive igneous processes. The Imbrian-aged craters Hansteen and Billy emplaced relatively FeO- and TiO2-rich ejecta. Hansteen Alpha exhibits much lower FeO and TiO2 values. If Hansteen Alpha was present prior to the Billy and Hansteen impact events, it should have been covered with FeO- and TiO2-rich ejecta because it is located within one crater diameter of the rim crest of each crater. Since it is not, Hansteen Alpha was superposed on these ejecta units. Nonmare volcanism is the only viable process for the formation of Hansteen Alpha. The morphology and surface texture of Hansteen Alpha is similar to many terrestrial features of dacitic and rhyolitic composition formed by extrusions of relatively viscous lavas. Such highly evolved compositions should be very enriched in Th, but Hansteen Alpha exhibits Th abundances of similar to6 ppm. Hence Hansteen Alpha is not composed of a highly evolved highlands lithology. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NovaSol, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 21218 USA. RP Hawke, BR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Blewett, David/I-4904-2012; Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015 OI Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358; Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667 NR 51 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 5 PY 2003 VL 108 IS E7 AR 5069 DI 10.1029/2002JE002013 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 698NF UT WOS:000184005100001 ER PT J AU Moche, M Shanklin, J Ghoshal, A Lindqvist, Y AF Moche, M Shanklin, J Ghoshal, A Lindqvist, Y TI Azide and acetate complexes plus two iron-depleted crystal structures of the di-iron enzyme Delta 9 stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase - Implications for oxygen activation and catalytic intermediates SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHANE MONOOXYGENASE HYDROXYLASE; COLI RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACP DESATURASE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; CARBOXYLATE SHIFT; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DIFFRACTION DATA; O-2 ACTIVATION AB Delta9 stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase is a mu-oxo-bridged di-iron enzyme, which belongs to the structural class I of large helix bundle proteins and that catalyzes the NADPH and O-2-dependent formation of a cis-double bond in stearoyl-ACP. The crystal structures of complexes with azide and acetate, respectively, as well as the apo- and single-iron forms of Delta9 stearoyl-ACP desaturase from Ricinus communis have been determined. In the azide complex, the ligand forms a mu-1,3-bridge between the two iron ions in the active site, replacing a loosely bound water molecule. The structure of the acetate complex is similar, with acetate bridging the di-iron center in the same orientation with respect to the di-iron center. However, in this complex, the iron ligand Glu(196) has changed its coordination mode from bidentate to monodentate, the first crystallographic observation of a carboxylate shift in Delta9 stearoyl-ACP desaturase. The two complexes are proposed to mimic a mu-1,2 peroxo intermediate present during catalytic turnover. There are striking structural similarities between the di-iron center in the Delta9 stearoyl-ACP desaturase-azide complex and in the reduced rubrerythrin-azide complex. This suggests that Delta9 stearoyl-ACP desaturase might catalyze the formation of water from exogenous hydrogen peroxide at a low rate. From the similarity in iron center structure, we propose that the mu-oxo-bridge in oxidized desaturase is bound to the di-iron center as in rubrerythrin and not as reported for the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase and the hydroxylase subunit of methane monooxygenase. The crystal structure of the one-iron depleted desaturase species demonstrates that the affinities for the two iron ions comprising the di-iron center are not equivalent, Fe1 being the higher affinity site and Fe2 being the lower affinity site. C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lindqvist, Y (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Biochem & Biophys, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Lindqvist, Ylva/F-9009-2010; OI Moche, Martin/0000-0002-4834-7076 NR 59 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 27 BP 25072 EP 25080 DI 10.1074/jbc.M301662200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 695HJ UT WOS:000183824800101 PM 12704186 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S Cecco, SD DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fan, Q Fang, HC Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A Denis, RS Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, H Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yi, K Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S Cecco, SD DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Pedis, DD Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fan, Q Fang, HC Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Gresele, A Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A Denis, RS Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, H Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yi, K Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Central pseudorapidity gaps in events with a leading antiproton at the Fermilab tevatron (p)over-barp collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; POMERON; ROOT-S=546; COLLISIONS; PROTON AB We report a measurement of the fraction of events with a large pseudorapidity gap Deltaeta within the pseudorapidity region available to the proton dissociation products X in (p) over bar +p-->(p) over bar +X. For a final state (p) over bar of fractional momentum loss xi((p) over bar) and 4-momentum transfer squared t((p) over bar) within 0.063 is found to be 0.246+/-0.001 (stat)+/-0.042 (syst) [0.184+/-0.001 (stat)+/-0.043 (syst)]. Our results are compared with gap fractions measured in minimum bias (p) over barp collisions and with theoretical expectations. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma 1, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013 OI Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 011802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.011802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400013 PM 12906532 ER PT J AU de Mongeot, FB Zhu, WG Molle, A Buzio, R Boragno, C Valbusa, U Wang, EG Zhang, ZY AF de Mongeot, FB Zhu, WG Molle, A Buzio, R Boragno, C Valbusa, U Wang, EG Zhang, ZY TI Nanocrystal formation and faceting instability in Al(110) homoepitaxy: True upward adatom diffusion at step edges and island corners SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; FILMS; GROWTH; TRANSITION; GERMANIUM AB Using atomic force microscopy and spot-profile analyzing low energy electron diffraction, we have observed the existence of a striking faceting instability in Al(110) homoepitaxy, characterized by the formation of nanocrystals with well-defined facets. These hut-shaped nanocrystals are over tenfold higher than the total film coverage, and coexist in a bimodal growth mode with much shallower and more populous surface mounds. We further use density functional theory calculations to elucidate the microscopic origin of the faceting instability, induced by surprisingly low activation barriers for adatom ascent at step edges and island corners. C1 Univ Genoa, INFM, Unita Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, ICQS, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP de Mongeot, FB (reprint author), Univ Genoa, INFM, Unita Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RI Zhu, Wenguang/F-4224-2011; buatier de mongeot, francesco/I-7273-2012; Molle, Alessandro/D-8952-2013; Boragno, Corrado/B-1114-2010 OI Zhu, Wenguang/0000-0003-0819-595X; Molle, Alessandro/0000-0002-3860-4120; Boragno, Corrado/0000-0001-5038-0214 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 016102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.016102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400037 ER PT J AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA Lynch, VE AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA Lynch, VE TI Front dynamics in reaction-diffusion systems with Levy flights: A fractional diffusion approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; PROPAGATION; MODEL; SHEAR; FLOWS AB The use of reaction-diffusion models rests on the key assumption that the diffusive process is Gaussian. However, a growing number of studies have pointed out the presence of anomalous diffusion, and there is a need to understand reactive systems in the presence of this type of non-Gaussian diffusion. Here we study front dynamics in reaction-diffusion systems where anomalous diffusion is due to asymmetric Levy flights. Our approach consists of replacing the Laplacian diffusion operator by a fractional diffusion operator of order alpha, whose fundamental solutions are Levy alpha-stable distributions that exhibit power law decay, x(-(1+alpha)). Numerical simulations of the fractional Fisher-Kolmogorov equation and analytical arguments show that anomalous diffusion leads to the exponential acceleration of the front and a universal power law decay, x(-alpha), of the front's tail. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delcastillod@ornl.gov RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 22 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 018302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.018302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400063 PM 12906582 ER PT J AU Dudarev, AM Diener, RB Wu, B Raizen, MG Niu, Q AF Dudarev, AM Diener, RB Wu, B Raizen, MG Niu, Q TI Entanglement generation and multiparticle interferometry with neutral atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCE; SINGLE ATOMS; DIPOLE TRAP; COLD; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; PHASE AB We study the preparation and manipulation of states involving a small number of interacting particles. By controlling the splitting and fusing of potential wells, we show how to interconvert Mott-insulator-like and trapped BEC-like states. We also discuss the generation of "Schrodinger cat" states by splitting a microtrap and taking into practical consideration the asymmetry between the resulting wells. These schemes can be used to perform multiparticle interferometry with neutral atoms, where interference effects can be observed only when all the participating particles are measured. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dudarev, AM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Wu, Biao/B-3329-2008; Niu, Qian/G-9908-2013 OI Wu, Biao/0000-0001-9229-5894; NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 010402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.010402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400002 PM 12906521 ER PT J AU Hayes, AC Navratil, P Vary, JP AF Hayes, AC Navratil, P Vary, JP TI Neutrino-C-12 scattering in the ab initio shell model with a realistic three-body interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEI; C-12; CAPTURE AB We investigate cross sections for neutrino-C-12 exclusive scattering and for muon capture on C-12 using wave functions obtained in the ab initio no-core shell model. In our parameter-free calculations with basis spaces up to the 6hOmega we show that realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions, like, e.g., the CD-Bonn, underpredict the experimental cross sections by more than a factor of 2. By including a realistic three-body interaction, Tucson-Melbourne TM'(99), the cross sections are enhanced significantly and a much better agreement with experiment is achieved. At the same time, the TM'(99) interaction improves the calculated level ordering in C-12. The comparison between the CD-Bonn and the three-body calculations provides strong confirmation for the need to include a realistic three-body interaction to account for the spin-orbit strength in p-shell nuclei. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hayes, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 012502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.012502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400018 PM 12906537 ER PT J AU Imamoglu, A Knill, E Tian, L Zoller, P AF Imamoglu, A Knill, E Tian, L Zoller, P TI Optical pumping of quantum-dot nuclear spins SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Hyperfine interactions with randomly oriented nuclear spins present a fundamental decoherence mechanism for electron spin in a quantum dot, that can be suppressed by polarizing the nuclear spins. Here, we analyze an all-optical scheme that uses hyperfine interactions to implement laser cooling of quantum-dot nuclear spins. The limitation imposed on spin cooling by the dark states for collective spin relaxation can be overcome by modulating the electron wave function. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Inst Quantum Elect, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Imamoglu, A (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Inst Quantum Elect, HPT G12, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Tian, Lin/I-3314-2013; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Tian, Lin/0000-0001-6281-1034; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 NR 14 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 017402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.017402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400054 PM 12906573 ER PT J AU Liu, CS Kioussis, N Demos, SG Radousky, HB AF Liu, CS Kioussis, N Demos, SG Radousky, HB TI Electron- or hole-assisted reactions of H defects in hydrogen-bonded KDP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; KH2PO4 CRYSTALS; TRANSITION; ABSORPTION; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; SILICON; ATOMS; SIO2 AB We present an ab initio study of the stability and defect reactions of neutral and charged H interstitial (H-i) and H vacancy (H-v) in KH2PO4 (KDP). We find that while there is no interaction between the neutral H-i and the host, the addition of an electron leads to the ejection of a H host atom and the subsequent formation of an interstitial H-2 molecule and a H-v. In sharp contrast, the addition of a hole results in the formation of a hydroxyl bond. Thus, H-i in both charged states severs the H-bonded network. For the H-v, the addition of a hole leads to the formation of a peroxyl bridge. The neutral H-i and the positively charged H-v induce states in the gap. The results elucidate the underlying atomic mechanism for the defect reactions suggested by experiment. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Internal Frict & Defects Solids Lab, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. RP Liu, CS (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. RI Liu, Changsong/I-4255-2013; OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 015505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.015505 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400031 PM 12906550 ER PT J AU Ohldag, H Scholl, A Nolting, F Arenholz, E Maat, S Young, AT Carey, M Stohr, J AF Ohldag, H Scholl, A Nolting, F Arenholz, E Maat, S Young, AT Carey, M Stohr, J TI Correlation between exchange bias and pinned interfacial spins SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPINS; ANISOTROPY; BILAYERS; MODEL AB Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we have detected the very interfacial spins that are responsible for the horizontal loop shift in three different exchange bias sandwiches, chosen because of their potential for device applications. The "pinned" uncompensated interfacial spins constitute only a fraction of a monolayer and do not rotate in an external magnetic field since they are tightly locked to the antiferromagnetic lattice. A simple extension of the Meiklejohn and Bean model is proposed to account quantitatively for the exchange bias fields in the three studied systems from the experimentally determined number of pinned moments and their sizes. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Angew Phys, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Hitachi global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Ohldag, H (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Ohldag, Hendrik/F-1009-2014 NR 21 TC 352 Z9 354 U1 9 U2 60 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 017203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.017203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400050 PM 12906569 ER PT J AU Shi, W Johnson, JK AF Shi, W Johnson, JK TI Gas adsorption on heterogeneous single-walled carbon nanotube bundles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; BINDING-ENERGY; METHANE; CLUSTERS; ATOMS; H-2; XE AB Optimization of carbon nanotube bundles containing a distribution of nanotube diameters always gives structures with packing defects that form relatively large interstitial channels. Experimental data for CH4, Ar, and Xe adsorption are compared with simulations. Low coverage experimental isosteric heats are in excellent agreement with simulations of gases adsorbing into interstitial channels of defective nanotube bundles, whereas adsorption onto perfect bundles does not agree with experiments. Thus, an accurate description of adsorption on nanotube bundles must account for interstitial adsorption. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM karlj@pitt.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 27 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 015504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.015504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400030 PM 12906549 ER PT J AU Yakimenko, V Pogorelsky, IV Pavlishin, IV Ben-Zvi, I Kusche, K Eidelman, Y Hirose, T Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Urakawa, J Greenberg, B Zigler, A AF Yakimenko, V Pogorelsky, IV Pavlishin, IV Ben-Zvi, I Kusche, K Eidelman, Y Hirose, T Kumita, T Kamiya, Y Urakawa, J Greenberg, B Zigler, A TI Cohesive acceleration and focusing of relativistic electrons in overdense plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR; CAPILLARY DISCHARGE; EMITTANCE; BUNCH; BEAM AB We describe our studies of the generation of plasma wake fields by a relativistic electron bunch and of phasing between the longitudinal and transverse fields in the wake. The leading edge of the electron bunch excites a high-amplitude plasma wake inside the overdense plasma column, and the acceleration and focusing wake fields are probed by the bunch tail. By monitoring the dependence of the acceleration upon the plasma's density, we approached the beam-matching condition and achieved an energy gain of 0.6 MeV over the 17 mm plasma length, corresponding to an average acceleration gradient of 35 MeV/m. Wake-induced modulation in energy and angular divergence of the electron bunch are mapped within a wide range of plasma density. We confirm a theoretical prediction about the phase offset between the accelerating and focusing components of plasma wake. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Yakimenko, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI zigler, arie/C-2667-2012; urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Kamiya, Yoshio/L-4394-2014 OI Kamiya, Yoshio/0000-0001-8716-2536 NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 4 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 AR 014802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.014802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696YP UT WOS:000183915400025 PM 12906544 ER PT J AU Tokar, RL Elphic, RC Feldman, WC Funsten, HO Moore, KR Prettyman, TH Wiens, RC AF Tokar, RL Elphic, RC Feldman, WC Funsten, HO Moore, KR Prettyman, TH Wiens, RC TI Mars odyssey neutron sensing of the south residual polar cap SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] Measurements from the neutron spectrometer instrument of the Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) package for solar aereocentric longitude between 340degrees and 360degrees are used to estimate the CO2 mass, dust content, and covered area of the south residual polar cap. Two models for the cap are explored; a cap uniformly covered in dust-free CO2 and a "Swiss cheese'' model with an exposed H2O ice substrate and 8m mesas composed of CO2 and dust. A range of 1.0 to 3.0 x 10(17) g is found for the mass of residual CO2 on the cap, or about 3 to 9% of the total CO2 seasonally cycled in and out of the atmosphere. For the Swiss cheese model, if the CO2 is dust-free then 60% of the cap area must be the exposed H2O ice substrate. This area decreases with increasing dust concentration in the CO2. For example, if 45% of the cap area is exposed water ice then 224 g/cm(2) of dust is in the CO2 and for a typical dust deposition rate of 0.9 x 10(-3) g/cm(2)/yr, the dust can be deposited in similar to25,000 yrs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Space Sci & Explorat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rlt@lanl.gov RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 13 AR 1677 DI 10.1029/2003GL017316 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 698MB UT WOS:000184002400001 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Mehta, A Dadmun, MD Zheng, J Peyser, L Bartko, AP Dickson, RM Thundat, T Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD AF Kumar, P Mehta, A Dadmun, MD Zheng, J Peyser, L Bartko, AP Dickson, RM Thundat, T Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD TI Narrow-bandwidth spontaneous luminescence from oriented semiconducting polymer nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID SINGLE-MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-ENERGY TRANSFER; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MEH-PPV; EMISSION; LENGTH; FLUORESCENCE; GENERATION; VINYLENE) AB High-resolution fluorescence imaging of isolated nanoparticles of a common semiconducting polymer (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene, MEH-PPV), produced by ink-jet printing techniques, has revealed highly uniform transition moment orientation perpendicular to the glass substrate. In contrast with the broad emission spectra associated with bulk or single molecules of these species in thin films, we observe narrow photoluminescence emission spectra (10-15 nm fwhm) from individual oriented polymer nanostructures with no evidence of spectral diffusion on time scales of several hundred seconds. The distribution of center frequencies (from several hundred individual nanoparticle measurements) shows clearly defined peaks that can be correlated with excitonic traps of integer multiples of monomer conjugation lengths (8, 9, 10, and 11). The observation of discrete emission characteristics in this important class of materials suggests exciting possibilities in photonics and molecular optoelectronics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 26 BP 6252 EP 6257 DI 10.1021/jp034107v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 695BV UT WOS:000183812000003 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Kim, JY Hanson, JC Sawhill, SJ Bussell, ME AF Rodriguez, JA Kim, JY Hanson, JC Sawhill, SJ Bussell, ME TI Physical and chemical properties of MoP, Ni2P, and MoNiP hydrodesulfurization catalysts: Time-resolved X-ray diffraction, density functional, and hydrodesulfurization activity studies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MIXED-METAL OXIDES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MOLYBDENUM PHOSPHIDE CATALYSTS; SILICA-SUPPORTED MOLYBDENUM; TUNGSTEN PHOSPHIDE; PLANE-WAVE; THIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; POPULATION ANALYSIS AB Synchrotron-based time-resolved X-ray diffraction was used to study in situ the crystalline phases present during the preparation of bulk and silica-supported MoP, Ni2P, and MoNiP by reduction of oxidic precursors in hydrogen. Independent of the type of oxidic precursor used or the presence of silica as a support, the formation of the metal phosphides occurs at temperatures between 600 and 800 degreesC. Since the common species in all the cases are phosphate-type groups (POx), it seems that their reduction by hydrogen is the final and determining step in the formation of MoP, Ni2P, and MoNiP. Silica-stabilized phosphide phases were detected during the synthesis of Ni2P/SiO2 and MoP/SiO2 catalysts. In the case of Ni2P/SiO2, before the appearance of the final phosphide, strong diffraction lines are observed for Ni12P5. First-principles density functional calculations for bulk MoP, Ni2P, and MoNiP indicate that the Ni-P and Mo-P bonds in these compounds have a small degree of ionic character. For MoP, Ni2P, and MoS2 a correlation is found between the electronic properties of the metal cations and their hydrodesulfurization activities when supported on silica. Surprisingly, a MoNiP/SiO2 catalyst is much less active than either MoP/SiO2 or Ni2P/SiO2 catalysts. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. Western Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Bussell, ME (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11953 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 81 TC 113 Z9 129 U1 11 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 26 BP 6276 EP 6285 DI 10.1021/jp022639q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 695BV UT WOS:000183812000006 ER PT J AU Yeom, YH Frei, H AF Yeom, YH Frei, H TI Step-scan FT-IR monitoring of transient HCO radicals in a room temperature zeolite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SILICALITE MOLECULAR-SIEVE; RANDOM-WALK; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; SURVIVAL PROBABILITY; FINITE LATTICE; SINGLE TRAP; GLYCOLALDEHYDE; SPECTROSCOPY; ACETALDEHYDE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB Formyl radical has been detected in zeolite NaY at room temperature by step-scan FT-infrared spectroscopy upon photodissociation of glycolaldehyde or acetaldehyde precursor. Identification was made by the C=O stretch absorption at 1847 cm(-1) and a C-13 isotope shift of 40 cm(-1). The decay shows biphasic kinetics independent of the precursor used. In the case of glycolaldehyde, the final products recorded by static FT-IR spectroscopy can be explained by the exclusive reaction of HCO and CH2OH radicals. This allowed us to assign the initial decay with a lifetime of 24 +/- 3 us to geminate reactive encounters of HCO and CH2OH radicals. The subsequent long tail extending to 500 mus is well described by a second-order rate law consistent with nongeminate reaction of the radicals. This is the first direct kinetic observation of geminate and nongeminate radical reactions in a zeolite. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mialstop Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mialstop Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 26 BP 6286 EP 6291 DI 10.1021/jp022394h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 695BV UT WOS:000183812000007 ER PT J AU Sugiyama, M Annaka, M Hara, K Vigild, ME Wignall, GD AF Sugiyama, M Annaka, M Hara, K Vigild, ME Wignall, GD TI Small-angle scattering study of mesoscopic structures in charged gel and their evolution on dehydration SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID VOLUME-PHASE-TRANSITION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL; POLYELECTROLYTE GELS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; POLYMER GELS; TEMPERATURE; POLYSTYRENE; SANS AB Mesoscopic structures, with length scales similar to10(2) Angstrom, were investigated by small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) in several N-isopropylacrylamide-sodium acrylate (NIPA-SA) copolymeric hydrogels with varying [NIPA]/[SA] ratios and water contents. The SAXS experiments reveal that, depending upon the [NIPA]/[SA] ratio, the dehydrated NIPA-SA gel shows two mesoscopic structures: one consists of randomly distributed SA-rich islands in NIPA matrix, while the other is a microphase-separated structure, composed of NIPA-rich and SA-rich domains. In addition, the SANS experiments reveal the mesoscopic structural features during the dehydration process. As the concentration of the network polymers increases, NIPA-rich and water-rich domains segregate in the gel. Then, an electrostatic interaction between the segregated domains induces a microphase-separated structure in the limit of the dehydrated NIPA-SA gel. C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Chiba Univ, Dept Mat Technol, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Inst Environm Syst, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, Danish Polymer Ctr, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sugiyama, M (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 26 BP 6300 EP 6308 DI 10.1021/jp0277816 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 695BV UT WOS:000183812000009 ER PT J AU Amitay-Sadovsky, E Komvopoulos, K Ward, R Somorjai, GA AF Amitay-Sadovsky, E Komvopoulos, K Ward, R Somorjai, GA TI Surface reordering of stretched polyurethane block copolymer films studied by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL ALIGNMENT; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SFG; DEFORMATION; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR; ANGLE AB A molecular-level study of polymer surface behavior during elongation was performed for relatively short (710-1450 g/mol) soft and hard polyurethane (PUR) block copolymers. Two copolymers differing only in the length of the hard segment were investigated. Surface-specific sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was used to observe the backbone methylene group orientation as PUR films were stretched to elongations up to 100-150% of the original length. The soft and hard copolymer segments are distinguishable by SFG, enabling the analysis of changes in surface composition and molecular orientation caused by elongation. The difference between the surface compositions of the two copolymers is distinguishable by SFG. However, both as-cast PUR copolymer films are enriched with the lower surface tension soft segments. The hard segment length controls the surface composition. With elongation, the intensity of the methylene symmetric stretch increases relative to that of the antisymmetric stretch, suggesting an increase in the upward orientation of the backbone methylene groups. Under fixed elongation, the symmetric to antisymmetric stretch intensity ratio of methylene decreases, and the ether methylene symmetric stretch intensities decrease below their original value, indicating a permanent change in the surface composition. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polymer Technol Grp, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Komvopoulos, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 26 BP 6377 EP 6383 DI 10.1021/jp030169+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 695BV UT WOS:000183812000018 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Schat, C Scoccola, NN AF Goity, JL Schat, C Scoccola, NN TI Analysis of the [56,2(+)] baryon masses in the 1/N-c expansion SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LARGE-N-C; STRONG-COUPLING THEORY; EXCITED BARYONS; QUARK-MODEL; QCD; DECAYS; SPLITTINGS; BREAKING AB The mass spectrum of the positive parity [56, 2(+)] baryons is studied in the 1/N-c expansion up to and including O(I/N-c) effects with SU(3) symmetry breaking implemented to first order. A total of eighteen mass relations result, several of which are tested with the available data. The breaking of spin-flavor symmetry is dominated by the hyperfine interactions, while spin-orbit effects are found to be small. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Favaloro, RA-1078 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. ECT, I-38050 Villazzano, Trento, Italy. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 29 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 564 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00700-7 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 693AK UT WOS:000183692300011 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Doughty, C AF Tsang, CF Doughty, C TI A particle-tracking approach to simulating transport in a complex fracture SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fracture and flow; transport properties; groundwater hydrology ID SINGLE FRACTURE; FLOW; DIFFUSION; ROCK; MIGRATION; MATRIX; MODEL; MEDIA AB [1] Nearly all of the studies of flow and transport in fractured rocks have assumed that each fracture can be modeled as an open space between two surfaces with constant or variable separation. Field observations of rock fractures have shown that a fracture in the field can be rather more complex. Recent studies indicate that a complex fracture can be characterized as a thin fracture zone having several interconnected subfractures, which can contain mechanically dislodged and chemically altered materials with an enhanced porosity. This paper proposes a particle-tracking approach to calculate solute transport in a complex fracture, with structures in the fracture thickness normal to the fracture plane. These structures include subfractures, dead-end pores, gouge materials, small matrix blocks, and the adjacent rock matrix, all providing material in which solute diffusion and sorption can occur. The method is described; an example is provided to show its feasibility and the reasonableness of its parameter dependence; and, finally, direction for its further development is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 3 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 7 AR 1174 DI 10.1029/2002WR001614 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 698WY UT WOS:000184023400001 ER PT J AU Buzorius, G Rannik, U Aalto, P dal Maso, M Nilsson, ED Lehtinen, KEJ Kulmala, M AF Buzorius, G Rannik, U Aalto, P dal Maso, M Nilsson, ED Lehtinen, KEJ Kulmala, M TI On particle formation prediction in continental boreal forest using micrometeorological parameters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE nucleation in troposphere; forecasting particle formation; mixing layer; heat flux ID AEROSOL FORMATION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUCLEATION; FLUXES; GROWTH; MONOTERPENES; RATES AB It has been hypothesized that biogenic aerosol formation in the southern Finland troposphere can be predicted using micrometeorological parameters and knowing preexisting aerosol surface area in the previous publication. There the concurrence of nucleation beginning with the rapid growth of convective boundary layer was demonstrated. In this work a nucleation probability term is introduced using statistical correlation between the particle formation and micrometeorological parameters. More refined analysis presented here demonstrates the increasing probability of nucleation mode aerosol presence with the increasing heat flux, temperature standard deviation, and vertical wind speed variance. Diurnal maximal values of the parameters mentioned are larger on days with nucleation event than on days without although these values are not significantly different during the convective layer growth. What distinguishes days with nucleation events is the size of condensation sink, which is significantly smaller on days with events than on days without. C1 Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki, Finland. RP Buzorius, G (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM gintas@misu.su.se; dolan@misu.su.se; markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi RI Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Dal Maso, Miikka/A-7980-2008; Aalto, Pasi/A-1539-2009 OI Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Dal Maso, Miikka/0000-0003-3040-3612; Aalto, Pasi/0000-0001-8826-9108 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 4377 DI 10.1029/2002JD002850 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 698MJ UT WOS:000184003100003 ER PT J AU Gakh, AA Romanovich, AY Bax, A AF Gakh, AA Romanovich, AY Bax, A TI Thermodynamic rearrangement synthesis and NMR structures of C-1, C-3, and T isomers of C60H36 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER HYDROGENATION; SENSITIVITY; C60F36; 9,10-DIHYDROANTHRACENE; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; SPECTROSCOPY; C-60 AB The structures of three C60H36 isomers, produced by high-temperature transfer hydrogenation of C-60 in a 9,10-dihydroanthracene melt, was accomplished by 2D H-1-detected NMR experiments, recorded at 800 MHz. The unsymmetrical C, isomer is found to be the most abundant one (60-70%), followed by the C-3 isomer (25-30%) and the least abundant T isomer (2-5%). All three isomers are closely related in structure and have three vicinal hydrogens located on each of the 12 pentagons. Facile hydrogen migration on the fullerene surface during annealing at elevated temperatures is believed to be responsible for the preferential formation of these thermodynamically most stable C60H36 isomers. This hypothesis was further supported by thermal conversion of C60H36 isomers to a single C3(v) isomer of C60H18. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gakhaa@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 26 BP 7902 EP 7906 DI 10.1021/ja0353321 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 695CX UT WOS:000183814500047 PM 12823010 ER PT J AU Havlin, RH Park, GHJ Mazur, T Pines, A AF Havlin, RH Park, GHJ Mazur, T Pines, A TI Using switched angle spinning to simplify NMR spectra of strongly oriented samples SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTRA; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MAGIC ANGLE; C-13 NMR; DIRECTOR DYNAMICS; SHIELDING TENSORS; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS AB This contribution describes a method that manipulates the alignment director of a liquid crystalline sample to obtain anisotropic magnetic interaction parameters, such as dipolar coupling, in an oriented liquid crystalline sample. By changing the axis of rotation with respect to the applied magnetic field in a spinning liquid crystalline sample, the dipolar couplings present in a normally complex strong coupling spectrum are scaled to a simple weak coupling spectrum. This simplified weak coupling spectrum is then correlated with the isotropic chemical shift in a switched angle spinning (SAS) two-dimensional (2D) experiment. This dipolar-isotropic 2D correlation was also observed for the case where the couplings are scaled to a degree where the spectrum approaches strong coupling. The SAS 2D correlation of C6F5Cl in the nematic liquid crystal I52 was obtained by first evolving at an angle close to the magic angle (54.7degrees) and then directly detecting at the magic angle. The SAS method provides a 2D correlation where the weak coupling pairs are revealed as cross-peaks in the indirect dimension separated by the isotropic chemical shifts in the direct dimension. Additionally, by using a more complex SAS method which involves three changes of the spinning axis, the solidlike spinning sideband patterns were correlated with the isotropic chemical shifts in a 2D experiment. These techniques are expected to enhance the interpretation and assignment of an isotropic. magnetic interactions including dipolar couplings for molecules dissolved in oriented liquid crystalline phases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Havlin, RH (reprint author), NIDDKD, Phys Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 26 BP 7998 EP 8006 DI 10.1021/ja0342244 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 695CX UT WOS:000183814500059 PM 12823022 ER PT J AU Song, Z Cai, TH Chang, ZP Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J AF Song, Z Cai, TH Chang, ZP Liu, G Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J TI Molecular level study of the formation and the spread of MoO3 on Au (111) by scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; THIN-FILMS; DISPERSION; SUPPORTS; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; SILICA; AL2O3; GAMMA-AL2O3 AB The formation Of MoO3 and its spontaneous spread over an Au (111) surface have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Metallic Mo clusters grown by MO(CO)6 chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have a constant size independent of the Mo coverage. Molecular oxygen does not react with low coverage of Mo, probably due to the encapsulation of the Mo clusters by Au. At higher coverage, O-2 reacts with Mo, partially transforming the metallic Mo to Mo4+. NO2 can oxidize Mo efficiently to Mo6+ and Mo5+ species at all coverages investigated. XPS experiments show that the integrated intensity of the Mo 3d peaks increases by a factor of 2 upon the oxidation, suggesting the spread of the MoO3 over the surface. The STM study confirms this suggestion and provides the mechanistic details of the spreading. Mo oxide forms ramified two-dimensional islands covering a substantially larger fraction of the Au surface than the metallic Mo. We propose that the morphology change starts with the diffusion of oxide clusters (ramified-cluster-diffusion mechanism), followed by their breakdown to highly disordered two-dimensional islands of molecular MoO3. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Song, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 2 PY 2003 VL 125 IS 26 BP 8059 EP 8066 DI 10.1021/ja034862m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 695CX UT WOS:000183814500066 PM 12823029 ER PT J AU Mobley, J Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Vo-Dinh, T TI Photoacoustic method for the simultaneous acquisition of optical and ultrasonic spectra SO ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LETTERS ONLINE-ARLO LA English DT Article ID ATTENUATION AB A novel method for the simultaneous acquisition of optical absorption and ultrasonic attenuation spectra is described. The technique is based on the photoacoustic generation of bi-directional ultrasonic pulses by a thin optical absorber that is remote from the sample. A single piezoelectric transducer ultimately detects the two pulses of ultrasound, and the captured signals are used to determine both the optical absorption and ultrasonic attenuation properties of the sample. Measurements on a polycarbonate resin sample using the simultaneous photoacoustic method and conventional techniques show good agreement, indicating the validity of the method. (C) 2003 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mobley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mobleyj@ornl.gov; vodinht@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1529-7853 J9 ACOUST RES LETT ONL JI Acoust. Res. Lett. Online-ARLO PD JUL PY 2003 VL 4 IS 3 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1121/1.1590936 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 777EE UT WOS:000189161900006 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC AF Terwilliger, TC TI Improving macromolecular atomic models at moderate resolution by automated iterative model building, statistical density modification and refinement SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NON-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC SYMMETRY; DNA-BINDING-PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PYROBACULUM-AEROPHILUM; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; BACTERIOPHAGE-FD; MAIN-CHAIN; GENE-V; MAPS; SKELETONIZATION AB An iterative process for improving the completeness and quality of atomic models automatically built at moderate resolution (up to about 2.8 Angstrom) is described. The process consists of cycles of model building interspersed with cycles of refinement and combining phase information from the model with experimental phase information (if any) using statistical density modification. The process can lead to substantial improvements in both the accuracy and completeness of the model compared with a single cycle of model building. For eight test cases solved by MAD or SAD at resolutions ranging from 2.0 to 2.8 Angstrom, the fraction of models built and assigned to sequence was 46-91% (mean of 65%) after the first cycle of building and refinement, and 78-95% (mean of 87%) after 20 cycles. In an additional test case, an incorrect model of gene 5 protein (PDB code 2gn5; r.m.s.d. of main-chain atoms from the more recent refined structure 1vqb at 1.56 Angstrom) was rebuilt using only structure-factor amplitude information at varying resolutions from 2.0 to 3.0 Angstrom Rebuilding was effective at resolutions up to about 2.5 Angstrom. The resulting models had 60-80% of the residues built and an r.m.s.d. of main-chain atoms from the refined structure of 0.20 to 0.62 Angstrom. The algorithm is useful for building preliminary models of macromolecules suitable for an experienced crystallographer to extend, correct and fully refine. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 38 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 BP 1174 EP 1182 DI 10.1107/S0907444903009922 PN 7 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 695AX UT WOS:000183809900008 PM 12832760 ER PT J AU Oganesyan, V Busso, D Brandsen, J Chen, SF Jancarik, J Kim, R Kim, SH AF Oganesyan, V Busso, D Brandsen, J Chen, SF Jancarik, J Kim, R Kim, SH TI Structure of the hypothetical protein AQ_1354 from Aquifex aeolicus SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLSCRIPT; GRAPHICS; VERSION; PROGRAM; REVEALS; BINDING; FOLD AB The crystal structure of a hypothetical protein AQ_1354 (gi 2983779) from the hyperthermophilic bacteria Aquifex aeolicus has been determined using X-ray crystallography. As found in many structural genomics studies, this protein is not associated with any known function based on its amino-acid sequence. PSI-BLAST analysis against a non-redundant sequence database gave 68 similar sequences referred to as 'conserved hypothetical proteins' from the uncharacterized protein family UPF0054 (accession No. PF02310). Crystallographic analysis revealed that the overall fold of this protein consists of one central alpha-helix surrounded by a four-stranded beta-sheet and four other alpha-helices. Structure-based homology analysis with DALI revealed that the structure has a moderate to good resemblance to metal-dependent proteinases such as collagenases and gelatinases, thus suggesting its possible molecular function. However, experimental tests for collagenase and gelatinase-type function show no detectable activity under standard assay conditions. Therefore, we suggest either that the members of the UPF0054 family have a similar fold but different biochemical functions to those of collagenases and gelatinases or that they have a similar function but perform it under different conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62412] NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 BP 1219 EP 1223 DI 10.1107/S0907444903011028 PN 7 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 695AX UT WOS:000183809900014 PM 12832766 ER PT J AU Sam, MD Cascio, D Johnson, R Clubb, RT AF Sam, MD Cascio, D Johnson, R Clubb, RT TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the excisionase-DNA complex from bacteriophage lambda SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; XIS PROTEIN; INTEGRASE; DIRECTIONALITY; COOPERATIVITY AB Bacteriophage lambda uses an elegantly regulated and highly directional site-specific DNA-recombination reaction to integrate and excise its genome. A critical regulator of this process is the phage-encoded excisionase (Xis) protein, which dramatically stimulates excision by orchestrating the assembly of a higher order nucleoprotein structure that excises the prophage. The Xis protein stabilizes this recombination intermediate by substantially altering the trajectory of viral DNA and by cooperatively interacting with the lambda integrase (Int) protein. In an attempt to understand how Xis controls the directionality of bacteriophage lambda recombination, co-crystals of the DNA-binding domain of Xis in complex with its binding site within the P-arm of the phage have been obtained using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Using sodium acetate as a precipitating reagent, the Xis-DNA complex crystallizes in space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 80.2, b = 72.7, c = 38.8 Angstrom, beta = 104.1degrees. These crystals diffract beyond 1.5 Angstrom resolution and are well suited for structural analysis using X-ray crystallography. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57487] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 BP 1238 EP 1240 DI 10.1107/S0907444903008606 PN 7 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 695AX UT WOS:000183809900019 PM 12832771 ER PT J AU Fu, RW Zheng, B Liu, J Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Satcher, JH Baumann, TE AF Fu, RW Zheng, B Liu, J Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, G Satcher, JH Baumann, TE TI The fabrication and characterization of carbon aerogels by gelation and supercritical drying in isopropanol SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROGELS AB We report a new method for the fabrication of carbon aerogols. Resorcinol and furfural were polymerized in isopropanol using HCL as a catalst and the resulting alcogels were then dried directly using supercritical isopropanol, followed by carbonization under a nitrogen atmosphere. The carbon aerogels can be prepared over a range of densities (0.148-0.746 g/cm(3)), depending on the gelation temperature and the mass content of the reactants. The textural and transport properties of the aerogels materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), magnetic susceptibility, and resistivity measurements, TEM observations show that the carbon aerogels are composed of interconnected nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 20 to 30 nm. All of the aerogel samples exhibit high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas in the range of 557-656 m(2)/g. The carbon aerogels produced by this new method have similar transport properties to those of carbon aerogels prepared by the traditional method. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Zhongshan Univ, PCFM Lab, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fu, RW (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Liu, Jie/B-4440-2010 OI Liu, Jie/0000-0003-0451-6111 NR 18 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 7 BP 558 EP 562 DI 10.1002/adfm.200304289 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 699WU UT WOS:000184079800009 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Rader, DJ Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, MA Rader, DJ Torczynski, JR TI Comment on ''Thermophoresis of a near-wall particle at great knudsen numbers" SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAREFIED-GAS FLOW C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9112, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9112, Engn Sci Ctr, MS 0834,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 547 EP 549 DI 10.1080/02786820390126150 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673DD UT WOS:000182564100002 ER PT J AU Liu, DL Nazaroff, WW AF Liu, DL Nazaroff, WW TI Particle penetration through building cracks SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; DEPOSITION AB Particle penetration into buildings influences human exposure to particles of ambient origin. In this study, we present the results of laboratory experiments measuring particle penetration through surrogates of cracks in building envelopes. Rectangular slots were prepared, with crack heights of 0.25 and 1 mm and flow-path lengths of 4-10 cm, using common building materials: aluminum, brick, concrete, plywood, redwood lumber, pine lumber, and strand board. Air was drawn through a slot from a well-mixed chamber by applying a pressure difference (Delta P) of 4 or 10 Pa. Nonvolatile, electrically neutralized particles were generated and introduced into the chamber. The particle penetration factor was determined, for particle sizes 0.02-7 mum, as the ratio of the particle concentration downstream of the slot to that in the chamber. Particle size and crack height were the two main factors that governed fractional particle penetration. Consistent with prior modeling results, the penetration factor was nearly unity for particles of diameter 0.1-1.0 mum at greater than or equal to0.25 mm crack height and DeltaP of greater than or equal to 4 Pa. Particle penetration diminished for larger and smaller particles and for cracks with significant surface roughness and irregular geometry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nazaroff, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 16 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 37 IS 7 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.1080/02786820390126132 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 673DD UT WOS:000182564100004 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, AK AF Chakraborty, AK TI Decoding communications between cells in the immune system using principles of chemical engineering SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE FORMATION; PATTERN-FORMATION; HIGH-AFFINITY; ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR; COSTIMULATION; SUSPENSIONS; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Phys Biosci & Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1614 EP 1620 DI 10.1002/aic.690490702 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 701HZ UT WOS:000184163300001 ER PT J AU Glaser, V Perelson, AS AF Glaser, V Perelson, AS TI The experts speak - Dynamics of HIV infection SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 7 BP 317 EP 320 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 705NN UT WOS:000184401300001 ER PT J AU Vierra, BJ AF Vierra, BJ TI The Bandelier Archeological Survey (Volumes 1 and 2). SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Book Review C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Vierra, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 601 EP 602 DI 10.2307/3557127 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 702WA UT WOS:000184246600032 ER PT J AU Bates, TW Carpenter, TE Thurmond, MC AF Bates, TW Carpenter, TE Thurmond, MC TI Benefit-cost analysis of vaccination and preemptive slaughter as a means of eradicating foot-and-mouth disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EMERGENCY VACCINATION; CONTACT TRANSMISSION; STRATEGIES; OUTBREAK; VIRUS; PROTECTION; REDUCTION; MODEL; SHEEP AB Objective-To assess relative costs and benefits of vaccination and preemptive herd slaughter to control transmission of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV). Sample Population-2,238 herds and 5 sale yards located in Fresno, Kings, and Tulare counties of California. Procedure-Direct costs associated with indemnity slaughter, cleaning and disinfecting livestock premises, and vaccination were compared for various eradication strategies. Additional cost, total program cost, net benefit, and benefit-cost value (B/C) for each supplemental strategy were estimated, based in part on results of published model simulations for FMD. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results-Mean herd indemnity payments were estimated to be $2.6 million and $110,359 for dairy and nondairy herds, respectively. Cost to clean and disinfect livestock premises ranged from $18,062 to $60,205. Mean vaccination cost was $2,960/herd. Total eradication cost ranged from $61 million to $551 million. All supplemental strategies involving use of vaccination were economically efficient (B/C range, 5.0 to 10.1) and feasible, whereas supplemental strategies involving use of slaughter programs were not economically efficient (B-C, 0.05 to 0.8) or feasible. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Vaccination with a highly efficacious vaccine may be a cost-effective strategy for control of FMD if vaccinated animals are not subsequently slaughtered and there is no future adverse economic impact, such as trade restrictions. Although less preferable than the baseline eradication program, selective slaughter of highest-risk herds was preferable to other preemptive slaughter strategies. However, indirect costs can be expected to contribute substantially more than direct costs to the total cost of eradication programs. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bates, TW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-174, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 64 IS 7 BP 805 EP 812 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.805 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 694CY UT WOS:000183757300001 PM 12856762 ER PT J AU Hiraga, T Anderson, IM Kohlstedt, DL AF Hiraga, T Anderson, IM Kohlstedt, DL TI Chemistry of grain boundaries in mantle rocks SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID MELT FILMS; OLIVINE; DIFFUSION; MODEL; PERIDOTITES; SEGREGATION; ENRICHMENT; BALMUCCIA; XENOLITHS; ELEMENTS AB The compositions of olivine grain boundaries have been analyzed with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) via energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum profiling in three specimens: a peridotite ultramylonite, olivine phenocrysts in a basaltic rock, and synthesized compacts of olivine + diopside. Composition profiles across grain boundaries in both natural and synthetic samples exhibit a characteristic width of 5 nm and a depletion of Mg and concomitant enrichments of Ca, Al, Ti, and Cr. Chemical segregation is known to affect grain boundary processes such as brain boundary diffusion, sliding, fracture, and migration, all of which influence the theological properties of polycrystalline aggregates. Also, because grain boundaries are enriched in trace elements, the boundaries can be important storage sites for such elements in mantle rocks. Mantle-derived melts with unusual compositions, such as those rich in Ca and/or Ti, might be explained by preferential melting of olivine grain boundaries enriched in these elements. The common chemical signatures at grain boundaries in all samples indicate that chemical segregation is an energetically favorable phenomenon and thus should occur elsewhere in Earth's mantle. Segregation of trace elements to grain boundaries may play an important role in dynamical and geochemical processes in Earth's mantle. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hiraga, T (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1019 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 699FD UT WOS:000184045300009 ER PT J AU Fridriksson, T Carey, JW Bish, DL Neuhoff, PS Bird, DK AF Fridriksson, T Carey, JW Bish, DL Neuhoff, PS Bird, DK TI Hydrogen-bonded water in laumontite II: Experimental determination of site-specific thermodynamic properties of hydration of the W1 and W5 sites SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RAY-POWDER DIFFRACTION; CALCIUM ZEOLITES; X-RAY; CLINOPTILOLITE; DEHYDRATION; STILBITE; HEULANDITE; MINERALS; ENTHALPY; THERMOCHEMISTRY AB Isothermal vapor sorption experiments under controlled partial pressures of H2O (between 0.1 and 30 mbar, at 23.4, 30.1, 49.5, 64.5, and 79.3 degreesC) and liquid water immersion calorimetry experiments at 25.0 degreesC were conducted to determine standard molar thermodynamic properties of hydration of the W1 and W5 sites in laumontite that host hydrogen-bonded water. A Langmuir adsorption model was used in a thermodynamic analysis of the isothermal adsorption data for the W5 site together with a symmetrical regular solution model. Resulting values for the standard molar Gibbs energy and entropy of hydration of the W5 site relative to liquid water are -8430 +/- 113 J/mol and -16.7 +/- 2.1 J/(mol.K), respectively, and the Margules parameter, W-G, is 1590+/-63 J/mol. The standard enthalpy of hydration of the W1 site was determined by liquid-water immersion calorimetry experiments on laumontite containing vacant W1 and fully occupied W5, W2, and W8 sites. Discontinuous hydration and dehydration of W1 at 23.4 +/- 0.7 degreesC and 24 +/- 1 mbar P-H2O was used to constrain the molar Gibbs energy of hydration of this site. Resulting values for standard molar Gibbs energy of hydration and enthalpy Of W I relative to liquid water are -380 +/- 170 and -8800 +/- 1150 J/mol, respectively. Isothermal adsorption at 23.4 degreesC and isobaric thermogravimetric experiments indicate that during dehydration of W1, only 0.83 moles of water are released from the crystal structure and 0.17 moles are relocated to a disordered site that has energetic properties similar to the W8 site. Calculations using the thermodynamic data determined in this study indicate that the water content of laumontite in equilibrium with liquid water ranges from similar to4.5 H2O per 12 framework O atoms at room temperature and one bar pressure to similar to3.5 H2O at 250 degreesC and at liquid-vapor saturation pressure for water. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Fridriksson, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 88 IS 7 BP 1060 EP 1072 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 699FD UT WOS:000184045300015 ER PT J AU Song, JM Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T AF Song, JM Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T TI Application of an integrated microchip system with capillary array electrophoresis to optimization of enzymatic reactions SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Biosensors and Biological Techniques in Environmental Analysis CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2002 CL CORNELL UNIV ITHACA, ITHACA, NEW YORK SP Int Assoc Environ Analyt Chem, Cornell Univ HO CORNELL UNIV ITHACA DE complementary metal-oxide semiconductor microchip; enzymatic reaction; capillary array electrophoresis ID COMPETITIVE ELISA; ANTIBODY AB In this work, a combination of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microchip system with capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) is demonstrated as a system for optimizing conditions for enzymatic reaction. Dimethylacridinone (DDAO)-phosphate substrate and alkaline phosphatase conjugate were selected for the enzymatic reaction, which was applicable to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Laser-induced fluorometry with a miniature semiconductor laser was used to detect the enzymatic products. The speed of the enzymatic reaction between the DDAO-phosphate and the alkaline phosphatase conjugate was investigated as a function of reaction time. The microchip-CAE detection system could determine the pH condition and the concentration of enzyme that are suitable for rapid and low-cost analysis. This result shows the feasibility of using the microchip-CAE system for application to miniaturized screening systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 487 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00515-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 694MC UT WOS:000183777500008 ER PT J AU Schneider, G AF Schneider, G TI X-ray microscopy: methods and perspectives SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; PHASE-CONTRAST; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schneider, G (reprint author), Bessy mbH, Albert Einstein Str 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 376 IS 5 BP 558 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s00216-003-2007-x PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 698UV UT WOS:000184018400003 PM 12811455 ER PT J AU Sulaksono, A Burvenich, T Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG Greiner, W AF Sulaksono, A Burvenich, T Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG Greiner, W TI Mapping exchange in relativistic Hartree-Fock SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE relativistic Hartree-Fock; relativistic mean-field model; finite nuclei ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; QUANTUM HADRODYNAMICS; FINITE NUCLEI; MODEL; PARAMETRIZATION; APPROXIMATION AB We show that formally for the standard ansatz relativistic point-coupling mean-field (RMF-PC) model a Lagrangian density L is not equivalent in Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximations. The equivalency can be achieved only if we use a "complete" ansatz at the cost of introducing new parameters in the model. An approximate treatment of the exchange terms from standard RMF-PC indicates that these effects cannot be easily, if at all, absorbed by a Dirac-Hartree approximation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Indonesia, FMIPA, Jurusan Fis, Depok 16424, Indonesia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60324 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Burvenich, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283,T-16, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM tbuerven@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 306 IS 1 BP 36 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0003-4916(03)00073-3 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 691QE UT WOS:000183616300002 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Nomura, Y AF Hall, LJ Nomura, Y TI Grand unification in higher dimensions SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LEPTON-FLAVOR; ORBIFOLD GUTS; PROTON DECAY; SUPERSYMMETRY; MODELS; CONSERVATION; VIOLATIONS; HIERARCHY; STRINGS AB We have recently proposed an alternative picture for the physics at the scale of gauge coupling unification, where the unified symmetry is realized in higher dimensions but is broken locally by a symmetry breaking defect. Gauge coupling unification, the quantum numbers of quarks and leptons and the longevity of the proton arise as phenomena of the symmetrical bulk, while the lightness of the Higgs doublets and the masses of the light quarks and leptons probe the symmetry breaking defect. Moreover, the framework is extremely predictive if the effective higher dimensional theory is valid over a large energy interval up to the scale of strong coupling. Precise agreement with experiments is obtained in the simplest theory-SU(5) in five dimensions with two Higgs multiplets propagating in the bulk. The weak mixing angle is predicted to be sin2 theta(w) = 0.2313 +/- 0.0004, which fits the data with extraordinary accuracy. The compactification scale and the strong coupling scale are determined to be M-c similar or equal to 5 x 10(14) GeV and M-s similar or equal to 1 X 10(17) GeV, respectively. Proton decay with a lifetime of order 10(34) years is expected with a variety of final states such as e(+)pi(0), and several aspects of flavor, including large neutrino mixing angles, are understood by the geometrical locations of the matter fields. When combined with a particular supersymmetry breaking mechanism, the theory predicts large lepton flavor violating mu --> e and tau --> mu transitions, with all superpartner masses determined by only two free parameters. The predicted value of the bottom quark mass from Yuk-awa unification agrees well with the data. This paper is mainly a review of the work presented in hep-ph/0103125, hep-ph/0111068, and hep-ph/0205067 [1-3]. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nomura, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 58 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 306 IS 1 BP 132 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0003-4916(03)00077-0 PG 25 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 691QE UT WOS:000183616300006 ER PT J AU Amonette, JE Russell, CK Carosino, KA Robinson, NL Ho, JT AF Amonette, JE Russell, CK Carosino, KA Robinson, NL Ho, JT TI Toxicity of Al to Desulfovibrio desulfuricans SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROXY-ALUMINUM COMPLEXES; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; TRIDECAMERIC POLYCATION; RHIZOBIUM-TRIFOLII; ORGANIC-ACIDS; TOLERANT; SULFATE; SYSTEM; ION; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The toxicity of Al to Desulfovihrio desuffiuricans G20 was assessed over a period of 8 weeks in a modified lactate C medium buffered at four initial pHs (5.0, 6.5, 7.2, and 8.3) and treated with five levels of added Al (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mM). At pH 5, cell population densities decreased significantly and any effect of Al was negligible compared to that of the pH. At pHs 6.5 and 7.2, the cell population densities increased by 30-fold during the first few days and then remained stable for soluble-Al concentrations of <5 x 10(-5) M. In treatments having total-Al concentrations of greater than or equal to mM, soluble-Al concentrations exceeded 5 x 10(-5) M and limited cell population growth substantially and proportionally. At pH 8.3, soluble-Al concentrations were below the 5 x 10(-5) M toxicity threshold and cell population density increases of 20- to 40-fold were observed. An apparent cell population response to added Al at pH 8.3 was attributed to the presence of large, spirilloidal bacteria (accounting for as much as 80% of the cells at the 10 mM added Al level). Calculations of soluble-Al speciation for the pH 6.5 and 7.2 treatments that showed Al toxicity suggested the possible presence of the Al13O4(OH)(24)(H2O)(12)(7+) "tridecamer" cation and an inverse correlation of the tridecamer concentration and the cell population density. Analysis by Al-27 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, however, yielded no evidence of this species in freshly prepared samples or those taken 800 days after inoculation. Exclusion of the tridecamer species from the aqueous speciation calculations at pHs 6.5 and 7.2 yielded inverse correlations of the neutral AI(OH)3 and anionic AI(OH)(4)(-) monomeric species with cell population density, suggesting that one or both of these ions bear primary responsibility for the toxicity observed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Amonette, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.amonette@pnl.gov NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 69 IS 7 BP 4057 EP 4066 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.7.4057-4066.2003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 699XM UT WOS:000184082100050 PM 12839782 ER PT J AU Rohwer, JA Abdallah, CT AF Rohwer, JA Abdallah, CT TI One-vs-one multiclass least squares support vector machines for direction of arrival estimation SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANTENNA-ARRAYS; TRACKING; NETWORKS AB This paper presents a multiclass multilabel implementation of Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM) for DOA estimation in a CDMA system. For any estimation or classification system the algorithm's capabilities and performance must be evaluated. This paper includes a vast ensemble of data supporting the machine learning based DOA estimation algorithm. Accurate performance characterization of the algorithm is required to justify the results and prove that multiclass machine learning methods can be successfully applied to wireless communication problems. The1 earning algorithm presented in this paper includes steps for generating statistics on the multiclass evaluation path. The error statistics provide a confidence level of the classification accuracy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Rohwer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS-0986, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jarohwe@sandia.gov; chaouki@eece.umn.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 98 EP 109 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 780PZ UT WOS:000189391700005 ER PT J AU Milton, GM Milton, JCD Schiff, S Cook, P Kotzer, TG Cecil, LD AF Milton, GM Milton, JCD Schiff, S Cook, P Kotzer, TG Cecil, LD TI Evidence for chlorine recycling - hydro sphere, biosphere, atmosphere - in a forested wet zone on the Canadian Shield SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOMB-PRODUCED CL-36; CHALK-RIVER; ICE CORE; TRITIUM; MOVEMENT; TRACERS; FALLOUT; SOILS; C-14 AB The ability to measure environmental levels of Cl-36 by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and H-3 by He-3-ingrowth Mass Spectrometry has made it possible to use the pulses of these two isotopes released into the atmosphere during nuclear weapons testing as tracers of Cl and water movement in soils and groundwater. The authors have investigated the movement of these tracers below a forested wet zone, and have found that both are retarded to a differing extent in the near surface because of vegetative uptake and recycling. Adsorption by clay particles, followed by slow release to the groundwater, may also be significant. The data accumulated in this region of near vertical recharge have gone a considerable distance towards explaining the anomalously low concentrations of Cl-36 measured in the 5 Laurentian Great Lakes, as well as indicating possible mechanisms for large scale Cl- recycling in the atmosphere and biosphere. Identification of the near-term non-conservative behaviour of the Cl- is significant, since such a phenomenon could introduce errors in many watershed calculations, e.g. water residence times, evaporation rates, and mixing calculations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 AECL, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. CSIRO, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Milton, GM (reprint author), Milton Sci, Box 459, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. RI Cook, Peter/H-3606-2011 NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00240-8 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682FK UT WOS:000183080900005 ER PT J AU Kaszuba, JP Janecky, DR Snow, MG AF Kaszuba, JP Janecky, DR Snow, MG TI Carbon dioxide reaction processes in a model brine aquifer at 200 degrees C and 200 bars: implications for geologic sequestration of carbon SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN BASIN; NORTH COLES LEVEE; UNDERGROUND DISPOSAL; GREENHOUSE GASES; OUTCROP SCALE; HEAT-FLOW; CO2; CALIFORNIA; RESERVOIRS; EQUILIBRIA AB The reactive behavior of supercritical CO2 under conditions relevant to geologic storage and sequestration of C is largely unknown. Experiments were conducted in a flexible cell hydrothermal apparatus to determine the extent of fluid-rock reactions, in addition to carbonate mineral precipitation, that may occur in a brine aquifer-aquitard system that simulates a saline aquifer storage scenario. The system was held at 200degreesC and 200 bars for 59 days (1413 h) to approach steady state, then injected with CO2 and allowed to react for another 80 days (1924 h). In addition to magnesite precipitation, silicate minerals (quartz, plagioclase, microcline and biotite) in the aquifer and the aquitard display textures (etch pits, mineralization) indicating significant reaction. Changes in elemental abundances in the brine following addition of CO2 include pH decrease and enrichment in Cl-, partly due to supercritical CO2 desiccation of the brine. Geologic sequestration systems have potential for geochemical reactions that extend beyond simple aqueous dissolution Of CO2 and precipitation of carbonate. These reactions may produce geochemical and geotechnical consequences for sequestration and provide important characteristics for monitoring and evaluation of stored CO2. An understanding of multi-phase equilibrium relationships between supercritical CO2 and aquifer-brine systems also raises new questions for a variety of geologic systems. Multi-phase fluid equilibria may, for example, account for the large amounts and heterogeneous distributions of calcite cement in a wide variety of geologic systems, particularly in sedimentary basin sandstones. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Reduct & Environm Stewardship, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaszuba, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Reduct & Environm Stewardship, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 199 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1080 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00239-1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 682FK UT WOS:000183080900007 ER PT J AU Schock, M Le Mignant, D Chanan, GA Wizinowich, PL van Dam, MA AF Schock, M Le Mignant, D Chanan, GA Wizinowich, PL van Dam, MA TI Atmospheric turbulence characterization with the Keck adaptive optics systems. I. Open-loop data SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL IMAGE MOTION; TELESCOPE; PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE; ADONIS AB We present a detailed investigation of different methods of the characterization of atmospheric turbulence with the adaptive optics systems of the W. M. Keck Observatory. The main problems of such a characterization are the separation of instrumental and atmospheric effects and the accurate calibration of the devices involved. Therefore we mostly describe the practical issues of the analysis. We show that two methods, the analysis of differential image motion structure functions and the Zernike decomposition of the wave-front phase, produce values of the atmospheric coherence length r(0) that are in excellent agreement with results from long-exposure images. The main error source is the calibration of the wave-front sensor. Values determined for the outer scale L-0 are consistent between the methods and with typical L-0 values found at other sites, that is, of the order of tens of meters. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schock, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM mschoeck@uci.edu NR 26 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 19 BP 3705 EP 3720 DI 10.1364/AO.42.003705 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 696RU UT WOS:000183901700001 PM 12868804 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Modine, FA AF Jellison, GE Modine, FA TI Two-modulator generalized ellipsometry: theory - erratum (vol 36, pg 8190, 1997) SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Correction AB In a previous publication [Jellison and Modine, Appl. Opt. 36, 8190-8198 (1997)], three points of information were presented inaccurately. These inaccuracies are corrected here. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Bldg 3025,MS 6030,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jellisongejr@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 19 BP 3765 EP 3765 DI 10.1364/AO.42.003765 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 696RU UT WOS:000183901700009 ER PT J AU Spiller, E Baker, SL Mirkarimi, PB Sperry, V Gullikson, EM Stearns, DG AF Spiller, E Baker, SL Mirkarimi, PB Sperry, V Gullikson, EM Stearns, DG TI High-performance Mo-Si multilayer coatings for extreme-ultraviolet lithography by ion-beam deposition SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MIRRORS; MO/SI-MULTILAYERS; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; SCATTERING; OPTICS; GROWTH; REFLECTIVITY; BOMBARDMENT; RESOLUTION AB An ion-beam deposition system has been used to fabricate Mo-Si multilayer coatings for masks and imaging optics to be used for extreme-ultraviolet lithography. In addition to high reflectivity and excellent profile control, ion-beam deposition has the capability to smooth rough substrates. For example, we achieved reflectivity of 66.8% on a substrate with 0.39-nm roughness. Smoothing can be further enhanced with a second ion source directed at the multilayer coating. The smoothing capabilities relax the requirement on the finish of the mirror and the mask substrates and could dramatically reduce the cost of these components. Thickness profile control is in the +/-0.01% range, and the figure error added to the mirror substrate by errors in the multilayer thickness is less than 0.1 nm. Peak reflectivities obtained on smooth substrates are 67.5-68.6%. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawernce Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OS Associates, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. RP Spiller, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM spiller@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 19 BP 4049 EP 4058 DI 10.1364/AO.42.004049 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 696RU UT WOS:000183901700046 PM 12868847 ER PT J AU Sinars, DB Bennett, GR Wenger, DF Cuneo, ME Porter, JL AF Sinars, DB Bennett, GR Wenger, DF Cuneo, ME Porter, JL TI Evaluation of bent-crystal x-ray backlighting and microscopy techniques for the Sandia Z machine SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS; PLASMA; LASER AB X-ray backlighting and microscopy systems for the 1-10-keV range based on spherically or toroidally bent crystals are discussed. These systems are ideal for use on the Sandia Z machine, a megajoule-class x-ray facility. Near-normal-incidence crystal microscopy systems have been shown to be more efficient than pinhole cameras with the same spatial resolution and magnification [Appl. Opt. 37, 1784 (1998)]. We show that high-resolution (less than or equal to10 mum) x-ray backlighting systems using bent crystals can be more efficient than analogous point-projection imaging systems. Examples of bent-crystal-backlighting results that demonstrate 10-mum resolution over a 20-mm field of view are presented. (C) 2003 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dbsinar@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 46 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 19 BP 4059 EP 4071 DI 10.1364/AO.42.004059 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 696RU UT WOS:000183901700047 PM 12868848 ER PT J AU Hauer, M Funk, DJ Lippert, T Wokaun, A AF Hauer, M Funk, DJ Lippert, T Wokaun, A TI Laser induced decomposition of a designed and a commercial polymer studied by ns-interferometry and shadowgraphy SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) FILM; EXCIMER-LASER; NANOSECOND INTERFEROMETRY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ABLATION; ULTRAVIOLET; DYNAMICS; RADIATION AB Commercially available polymers often exhibit quite poor laser ablation properties for irradiation wavelengths around 248 nm. At these wavelengths, the absorption is due to photostable aromatic groups. Photolabile triazene polymers were developed to compare the influence of a photolabile group on the laser ablation process. The photochemically active triazene group has a strong absorption band at 332 nm, whereas the second absorption maximum at 220 nm is due to the photostable aromatic group. By irradiating at 308 nm and 193 nm, the influence of the photochemically active group on the ablation process can be studied. The etching of the triazene polymer starts and ends with the laser pulse. No surface swelling, which is assigned to photothermal ablation, is detected for fluences above the threshold of ablation. The expansion of the laser ablation induced shockwave was measured for the photolabile triazene polymer and the photostable polyimide. The speed of the shockwave increases with fluence and is higher for irradiation with 193 nm than with 308 nm. A shockwave with equal or higher velocity is observed for the triazene polymer compared with polyimide. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lippert, T (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2117-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688PM UT WOS:000183444500019 ER PT J AU Wester, DW Steele, RT Rinehart, DE DesChane, JR Carson, KJ Rapko, BM Tenforde, TS AF Wester, DW Steele, RT Rinehart, DE DesChane, JR Carson, KJ Rapko, BM Tenforde, TS TI Large-scale purification of Sr-90 from nuclear waste materials for production of Y-90, a therapeutic medical radioisotope SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Sr-90 purification; fission waste impurities; Y-90; medical isotopes ID HODGKINS-DISEASE; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER AB A major limitation on the supply of the short-lived medical isotope Y-90(t(1/2) = 64h) is the available quantity of highly purified Sr-90 generator material. A radiochemical production campaign was therefore undertaken to purify. 1500 Ci of Sr-90 that had been isolated from fission waste materials. A series of alkaline precipitation steps removed all detectable traces Of Cs-137, alpha emitters, and uranium and transuranic elements. Technical obstacles such as the buildup of gas pressure generated upon mixing large quantities of acid with solid Sr-90 carbonate were overcome through safety features incorporated into the custom-built equipment used for Sr-90 purification. Methods are described for analyzing the chemical and radiochemical purity of the final product and for accurately determining by gravimetry the quantities of 90Sr immobilized on stainless steel filters for future use. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Radiochem Sci & Engn Grp, Richland, WA USA. RP Tenforde, TS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Radiochem Sci & Engn Grp, Richland, WA USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(03)00151-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 711YR UT WOS:000184769100006 PM 12878120 ER PT J AU Garland, MA Mirzadeh, S Alexander, CW Hirtz, GJ Hobbs, RW Pertmer, GA Knapp, FF AF Garland, MA Mirzadeh, S Alexander, CW Hirtz, GJ Hobbs, RW Pertmer, GA Knapp, FF TI Neutron flux characterization of a peripheral target position in the High Flux Isotope Reactor SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor; HFIR; neutron flux characterization; research nuclear reactors; neutron cross sections AB The High Flux Isotope Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides the highest steady-state thermal neutron flux in the western world for a wide range of experiments and for isotope production. The highest available fluxes are located in a flux trap region created inside the nested fuel elements. The experimentally determined thermal and the empirically obtained epithermal flux values along the vertical axis of the peripheral target position were fit to cosine curves, with the thermal flux ranging from 1.1 X 10(15) ns(-1) cm(-2) at outer positions to 1.5 x 10(15) ns(-1) cm(-2) at the center. The corresponding epithermal flux ranged from 3.5 x 10(13) to 7.5 x 10(13) ns(-1) cm(-2), respectively. The fast neutron flux (E(n)greater than or equal to0.32 MeV in two positions and E(n)greater than or equal to1.5 MeV in two other positions) was similar to6 x 10(14) ns(-1) cm(-2), corresponding to a fast to thermal ratio of similar to0.4. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Reactors Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mirzadeh, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stop 6229,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(03)00144-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 711YR UT WOS:000184769100011 PM 12878125 ER PT J AU Satta, M Zeng, X Mao, X Mao, SS Russo, RE Giardini, A Mele, A AF Satta, M Zeng, X Mao, X Mao, SS Russo, RE Giardini, A Mele, A TI Laser plasma spectroscopy of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal and alloy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; quasicrystal; plasma spectroscopy ID ABLATION; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINUM AB Electron number density and temperature were determined from laser-induced plasmas produced by irradiating Al-Cu-Fe targets of a quasicrystal and of an alloy of similar composition. The Al(I) atomic emission spectra of the two systems were measured as a function of the distance from the target and of the time delay after laser irradiation. Differences of plasma characteristics were o served for laser ablation of quasicrystal and alloy targets, and the results were interpreted on the basis of different plasma formation mechanisms for the two systems. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, I-00185 Rome, Italy. CNR, Ist Metodol Inorgan & Plasmi, I-85050 Tito, PZ, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mele, A (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, P A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Satta, Mauro/J-3563-2012 OI Satta, Mauro/0000-0001-5795-4700 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 57 IS 7 BP 737 EP 743 DI 10.1366/000370203322102807 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 704UJ UT WOS:000184358600003 PM 14658650 ER PT J AU Esposito, AP Talley, CE Huser, T Hollars, CW Schaldach, CM Lane, SM AF Esposito, AP Talley, CE Huser, T Hollars, CW Schaldach, CM Lane, SM TI Analysis of single bacterial spores by micro-Raman spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; micro-Raman spectroscopy; spectroscopic techniques; bacterial spores ID UV RESONANCE RAMAN; LIVING CELLS; BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; DIPICOLINATE; CHROMOSOMES; LEVEL; ACID; DNA C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Esposito, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 26 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 57 IS 7 BP 868 EP 871 DI 10.1366/000370203322102979 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 704UJ UT WOS:000184358600020 PM 14658667 ER PT J AU Kszos, LA Talmage, SS Morris, GW Konetsky, BK Rottero, T AF Kszos, LA Talmage, SS Morris, GW Konetsky, BK Rottero, T TI Derivation of aquatic screening benchmarks for 1,2-dibromoethane SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE EDB; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION; ACUTE TOXICITY; CHEMICALS AB Ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane or EDB) was primarily used in the United States as an additive in leaded gasoline and as a soil and grain fumigant for worm and insect control until it was banned in 1983. Historical releases of EDB have resulted in detectable EDB in groundwater and drinking wells, and recently concentrations up to 16 mug/L were detected in ground water at two fuel spill plumes in the vicinity of the Massachusetts Military Reservation Base on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Because the ground water in this area is used to flood cranberry bogs for the purposes of harvesting, the U.S. Air Force sponsored the development of aquatic screening benchmarks for EDB. Acute toxicity tests with Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), Daphnia magna, and Ceriodaphnia dubia were conducted to provide data needed for development of screening benchmarks. Using a closed test-system to prevent volatilization of EDB, the 48-h LC(50)s (concentration that kills 50% of the test organisms) for P. promelas, D. magna, and C. dubia were 4.3 mg/L, 6.5 mg/L, and 3.6 mg/L, respectively. The screening benchmark for aquatic organisms, derived as the Tier II chronic water quality criteria, is 0.031 mg EDB/L. The sediment screening benchmark, based on equilibrium partitioning, is 2.45 mg EDB/kg of organic carbon in the sediment. The screening benchmarks developed here are an important component of an ecological risk assessment, during which perhaps hundreds of chemicals must be evaluated for their potential to cause ecological harm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. AMEC Earth & Environm Inc, Knoxville, TN 37912 USA. RP Kszos, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Kszos, Lynn/0000-0002-8218-9032 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-0151-5 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 693NY UT WOS:000183724700007 PM 12948174 ER PT J AU Johnson, DB Okibe, N Roberto, FF AF Johnson, DB Okibe, N Roberto, FF TI Novel thermo-acidophilic bacteria isolated from geothermal sites in Yellowstone National Park: physiological and phylogenetic characteristics SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acidophiles; biodiversity; iron oxidation; iron reduction; moderate thermophiles; Yellowstone National Park ID SP-NOV; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FERRIC IRON; GEN. NOV. AB Moderately thermophilic acidophilic bacteria were isolated from geothermal (30-83 degreesC) acidic (pH 2.7-3.7) sites in Yellowstone National Park. The temperature maxima and pH minima of the isolates ranged from 50 to 65 degreesC, and pH 1.0-1.9. Eight of the bacteria were able to catalyze the dissimilatory oxidation of ferrous iron, and eleven could reduce ferric iron to ferrous iron in anaerobic cultures. Several of the isolates could also oxidize tetrathionate. Six of the iron-oxidizing isolates, and one obligate heterotroph, were low G+C gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes). The former included three Sulfobacillus-like isolates (two closely related to a previously isolated Yellowstone strain, and the third to a mesophilic bacterium isolated from Montserrat), while the other three appeared to belong to a different genus. The other two iron-oxidizers were an Actinobacterium (related to Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans) and a Methylobacterium-like isolate (a genus within the alpha-Proteobacteria that has not previously been found to contain either iron-oxidizers or acidophiles). The other three (heterotrophic) isolates were also alpha-Proteobacteria and appeared be a novel thermophilic Acidisphaera sp. An ARDREA protocol was developed to discriminate between the iron-oxidizing isolates. Digestion of amplified rRNA genes with two restriction enzymes (SnaBI and BsaAI) separated these bacteria into five distinct groups; this result was confirmed by analysis of sequenced rRNA genes. C1 Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Idaho Natl Engn & environmLab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Johnson, DB (reprint author), Univ Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 180 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00203-003-0562-3 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 695GM UT WOS:000183822800008 PM 12802481 ER PT J AU Alevantis, L Wagner, J Fisk, W Sullivan, D Faulkner, D Gundel, L Waldman, J Flessel, P AF Alevantis, L Wagner, J Fisk, W Sullivan, D Faulkner, D Gundel, L Waldman, J Flessel, P TI Designing for smoking rooms SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Lab Branch, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alevantis, L (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Lab Branch, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 699PT UT WOS:000184065700009 ER PT J AU Roth, KW Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Roth, KW Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J TI Demand control ventilation SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, Appliance & Bldg Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Roth, KW (reprint author), TIAX, Appliance & Bldg Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 699PT UT WOS:000184065700015 ER PT J AU White, RL Becker, RH Fan, XH Strauss, MA AF White, RL Becker, RH Fan, XH Strauss, MA TI Probing the ionization state of the universe at z > 6 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE observations; early universe; intergalactic medium; quasars : general ID GUNN-PETERSON TROUGH; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; Z=6.28 QUASAR; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; LUMINOUS QUASARS; ALPHA EMITTERS; REDSHIFT; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; DISCOVERY AB We present high signal-to-noise ratio Keck ESI spectra of the two quasars known to have Gunn-Peterson absorption troughs, SDSS J1030+0524 (z = 6.28) and SDSS J1148+5251 (z = 6.37). The Lyalpha and Lybeta troughs for SDSS J1030+0524 are very black and show no evidence of any emission over a redshift interval of similar to0.2, starting at z = 6. On the other hand, SDSS J1148+5251 shows a number of emission peaks in the Lybeta Gunn-Peterson trough along with a single weak peak in the Lyalpha trough. The Lyalpha emission has corresponding Lyalpha emission, suggesting that it is indeed a region of lower optical depth in the intergalactic medium at z = 6.08. The stronger Lybeta peaks in the spectrum of SDSS J1148+5251 could also conceivably be the result of "leaks'' in the intergalactic medium (IGM), but we suggest instead that they are Lyalpha emission from an intervening galaxy at z = 4.9. This hypothesis gains credence from a strong complex of C IV absorption at the same redshift and from the detection of continuum emission in the Lyalpha trough at the expected brightness. If this proposal is correct, the quasar light has probably been magnified through gravitational lensing by the intervening galaxy. The Stromgren sphere observed in the absorption spectrum of SDSS J1148+5251 is significantly smaller than expected on the basis of its brightness, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the quasar is lensed. If our argument for lensing is correct, the optical depths derived from the troughs of SDSS J1148+5251 are only lower limits [albeit still quite strong, with tau(Lyalpha) > 16 inferred from the Lybeta trough]. The Lybeta absorption trough of SDSS J1030+0524 gives the single best measurement of the IGM transmission at z > 6, with an inferred optical depth of tau(Lyalpha) > 22. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP White, RL (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 43 TC 237 Z9 238 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 126 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1086/375547 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 696UG UT WOS:000183905500001 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Rubinstein, R Eliason, D Cabot, W AF Zhou, Y Rubinstein, R Eliason, D Cabot, W TI Computing turbulent flows driven by Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instabilities; stars : supernovae : general; turbulence ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; INERTIAL RANGE; CORE-COLLAPSE; SUPERNOVA; MODEL AB We develop a two-scale turbulence model for turbulent mix induced by Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities. In this model, the large scales are dominated by production by instability mechanisms, while small scales satisfy Kolmogorov dynamics. The model allows transfer rates in the two spectral regions to be unequal. Constraints on model coefficients that permit relaxation to a unique self-similar state in free decay and self-similar growth are derived. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Modeling & Simulat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rubinstein, R (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Computat Modeling & Simulat Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 405 IS 2 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030411 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691PY UT WOS:000183615700002 ER PT J AU Einasto, J Hutsi, G Einasto, M Saar, E Tucker, DL Muller, V Heinamaki, P Allam, SS AF Einasto, J Hutsi, G Einasto, M Saar, E Tucker, DL Muller, V Heinamaki, P Allam, SS TI Clusters and superclusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe; clusters of galaxies : cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe; galaxies : clusters : general ID CAMPANAS REDSHIFT SURVEY; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; RICH CLUSTERS; VOID NETWORK; LOOSE GROUPS; DENSITY FIELD; MASS FUNCTION; UNIVERSE AB We apply the 2-dimensional high-resolution density field of galaxies of the Early Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with a smoothing lengths 0.8 h(-1) Mpc to extract clusters and groups of galaxies, and a low-resolution field with smoothing lengths 10 h(-1) Mpc to extract superclusters of galaxies. We investigate properties of density field clusters and superclusters and compare properties of these clusters and superclusters with Abell clusters, and superclusters found on the basis of Abell clusters. We found that clusters in high-density environment have a luminosity a factor of 5-10 higher than in low-density environment. There exists a large anisotropy between the SDSS Northern and Southern sample in the properties of clusters and superclusters: most luminous clusters and superclusters in the Northern sample are a factor of 2 more luminous than the respective systems in the Southern sample. C1 Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. Helwan Observ, Natl Res Inst Astron & Geophys, Cairo, Egypt. RP Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. EM einasto@aai.ee OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 48 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 405 IS 2 BP 425 EP 443 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030419 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691PY UT WOS:000183615700008 ER PT J AU Wucknitz, O Wisotzki, L Lopez, S Gregg, MD AF Wucknitz, O Wisotzki, L Lopez, S Gregg, MD TI Disentangling microlensing and differential extinction in the double QSO HE 0512-3329 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; dust, extinction; galaxies : ISM; quasars : individual : HE 0512-3329 ID ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; GALAXIES; CURVES; DUST AB We present the first separate spectra of both components of the small-separation double QSO HE 0512-3329 obtained with HST/STIS in the optical and near UV. The similarities especially of the emission line profiles and redshifts strongly suggest that this system really consists of two lensed images of one and the same source. The emission line flux ratios are assumed to be unaffected by microlensing and are used to study the differential extinction effects caused by the lensing galaxy. Fits of empirical laws show that the extinction properties seem to be different on both lines of sight. With our new results, HE 0512-3329 becomes one of the few extragalactic systems which show the 2175 Angstrom absorption feature, although the detection is only marginal. We then correct the continuum flux ratio for extinction to obtain the differential microlensing signal. Since this may still be significantly affected by variability and time-delay effects, no detailled analysis of the microlensing is possible at the moment. This is the first time that differential extinction and microlensing could be separated unambiguously. We show that, at least in HE 0512-3329, both effects contribute significantly to the spectral differences and one cannot be analysed without taking into account the other. For lens modelling purposes, the flux ratios can only be used after correcting for both effects. C1 Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wucknitz, O (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. RI Lopez, Sebastian /I-5657-2016 OI Lopez, Sebastian /0000-0003-0389-0902 NR 12 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 405 IS 2 BP 445 EP 454 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030608 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691PY UT WOS:000183615700009 ER PT J AU Barnard, R Osborne, JP Kolb, U Borozdin, KN AF Barnard, R Osborne, JP Kolb, U Borozdin, KN TI RX J0042.3+4115: A stellar mass black hole binary identified in M 31 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-rays : general; galaxies : individual : M 31; X-rays : binaries; black hole physics ID X-RAY BINARIES; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; BAND POWER SPECTRA; XMM-NEWTON; CENTRAL REGION; VARIABILITY; CATALOG; M31; TRANSIENTS; QUIESCENCE AB Four XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the central region of the Andromeda Galaxy (M 31) have revealed an X-ray source that varies in luminosity over similar to1-3 x 10(38) erg s(-1) between observations and also displays significant variability over time-scales of a few hundred seconds. The power density spectra of lightcurves obtained in the 0.3-10 keV energy band from the three EPIC instruments on board XMM-Newton are typical of disc-accreting X-ray binaries at low accretion rates, observed in neutron star binaries only at much lower luminosities (similar to10(36) erg s(-1)). However X-ray binaries with massive black hole primaries have exhibited such power spectra for luminosities >10(38) erg s(-1). We discuss alternative possibilities where RX J0042.3+4115 may be a background AGN or foreground object in the field of view, but conclude that it is located within M 31 and hence use the observed power spectra and X-ray luminosities to identify the primary as a black hole candidate. C1 Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6BT, Bucks, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6BT, Bucks, England. EM r.barnard@open.ac.uk NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 405 IS 2 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030638 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691PY UT WOS:000183615700014 ER PT J AU Einasto, M Jaaniste, J Einasto, J Heinamaki, P Muller, V Tucker, DL AF Einasto, M Jaaniste, J Einasto, J Heinamaki, P Muller, V Tucker, DL TI Las Campanas Loose Groups in the supercluster-void network SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : large-scale structure of the Universe ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; POWER SPECTRUM; RICH CLUSTERS; CATALOG; UNIVERSE; TRACERS; SAMPLE; ABELL AB We study the spatial distribution of loose groups from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey, comparing it with the supercluster-void network delineated by rich clusters of galaxies. We use density fields and the friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm to identify the members of superclusters of Abell clusters among the Las Campanas loose groups. We find that systems of loose groups tend to be oriented perpendicularly to the line-of-sight, and discuss possible reasons for that. We show that loose groups in richer systems ( superclusters of Abell clusters) are themselves also richer and more massive than groups in systems without Abell clusters. Our results indicate that superclusters, as high density environments, have a major role in the formation and evolution of galaxy systems. C1 Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Estonian Agr Univ, Inst Phys, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. Tuorla Observ, Piikkio, Finland. Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Einasto, M (reprint author), Tartu Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 405 IS 3 BP 821 EP 831 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030632 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 696HF UT WOS:000183881000008 ER PT J AU Mazevet, S Collins, LA Magee, NH Kress, JD Keady, JJ AF Mazevet, S Collins, LA Magee, NH Kress, JD Keady, JJ TI Quantum Molecular Dynamics calculations of radiative opacities SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; dense matter; equation of state; plasmas; radiation mechanisms : general; planets and satellites : general ID APPROXIMATION; PLASMAS AB We show that Quantum Molecular Dynamics provides a powerful tool to extend and benchmark current opacities libraries into the complex regime of warm dense matter. In this regime, the medium can be constituted of electrons, protons, atoms and molecules, while plasma and many-body effects can not be treated as perturbations. Among the most notable features of this new approach for calculating Rosseland mean opacities is the ability to obtain a consistent set of material (equation-of-state), optical and electrical properties for various mixtures from the same simulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 405 IS 1 BP L5 EP L9 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030759 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 689RV UT WOS:000183507500002 ER PT J AU Friedland, A Gruzinov, A AF Friedland, A Gruzinov, A TI A new solution to the solar neutrino deficit SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; RESONANT AMPLIFICATION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; OSCILLATIONS; MATTER; FLUX; B-8; SPECTROSCOPY; STANDARD AB We reexamine the transition magnetic moment solution to the solar neutrino problem. We argue that the absence of large time variations in the Super-Kamiokande rate provides strong evidence against spin-flavor flip in the solar convective zone. Spin-flavor flip could, however, occur in the primordial magnetic field in the radiative zone. We compute the longest-lived toroidal mode for this field and show that spin-flavor flip in the radiative zone can account for all available solar data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Friedland, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(02)00255-4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 684BU UT WOS:000183186200010 ER PT J AU Szalay, AS Jain, B Matsubara, T Scranton, R Vogeley, MS Connolly, A Dodelson, S Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Johnston, D Kent, S Kerscher, M Loveday, J Meiksin, A Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH Munn, JR Peoples, J Pier, JR Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Szalay, AS Jain, B Matsubara, T Scranton, R Vogeley, MS Connolly, A Dodelson, S Eisenstein, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Johnston, D Kent, S Kerscher, M Loveday, J Meiksin, A Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Strauss, MA Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Kunszt, PZ Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH Munn, JR Peoples, J Pier, JR Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Karhunen-Loeve estimation of the power spectrum parameters from the angular distribution of galaxies in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : formation; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis; methods : statistical ID SCALE INTERFEROMETER; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; SPACE; 2DF AB We present measurements of parameters of the three-dimensional power spectrum of galaxy clustering from 222 square degrees of early imaging data in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The projected galaxy distribution on the sky is expanded over a set of Karhunen-Loeve (KL) eigenfunctions, which optimize the signal-to-noise ratio in our analysis. A maximum likelihood analysis is used to estimate parameters that set the shape and amplitude of the three-dimensional power spectrum of galaxies in the SDSS magnitude-limited sample with r* < 21. Our best estimates are Gamma = 0.188 +/- 0.04 and sigma(8L) = 0.915 +/- 0.06 ( statistical errors only), for a. at universe with a cosmological constant. We demonstrate that our measurements contain signal from scales at or beyond the peak of the three-dimensional power spectrum. We discuss how the results scale with systematic uncertainties, like the radial selection function. We find that the central values satisfy the analytically estimated scaling relation. We have also explored the effects of evolutionary corrections, various truncations of the KL basis, seeing, sample size, and limiting magnitude. We find that the impact of most of these uncertainties stay within the 2 sigma uncertainties of our fiducial result. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. RP Szalay, AS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1086/375264 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691QR UT WOS:000183617400001 ER PT J AU Heger, A Fryer, CL Woosley, SE Langer, N Hartmann, DH AF Heger, A Fryer, CL Woosley, SE Langer, N Hartmann, DH TI How massive single stars end their life SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE black hole physics; gamma rays : bursts; stars : early-type; stars : neutron; supernovae : general ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; CIRCLE-DOT MODEL; ELECTRON-CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE; BLACK-HOLE FORMATION; 8-10 M. STARS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; ROTATING STARS; PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; POPULATION III AB How massive stars die - what sort of explosion and remnant each produces - depends chiefly on the masses of their helium cores and hydrogen envelopes at death. For single stars, stellar winds are the only means of mass loss, and these are a function of the metallicity of the star. We discuss how metallicity, and a simplified prescription for its effect on mass loss, affects the evolution and final fate of massive stars. We map, as a function of mass and metallicity, where black holes and neutron stars are likely to form and where different types of supernovae are produced. Integrating over an initial mass function, we derive the relative populations as a function of metallicity. Provided that single stars rotate rapidly enough at death, we speculate on stellar populations that might produce gamma-ray bursts and jet-driven supernovae. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Heger, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM 1@2sn.org; fryer@lanl.gov; woosley@ucolick.org; n.langer@astro.uu.nl; hdieter@clemson.edu NR 105 TC 937 Z9 941 U1 3 U2 50 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 1 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1086/375341 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691QR UT WOS:000183617400021 ER PT J AU McGowan, KE Kennea, JA Zane, S Cordova, FA Cropper, M Ho, C Sasseen, T Vestrand, WT AF McGowan, KE Kennea, JA Zane, S Cordova, FA Cropper, M Ho, C Sasseen, T Vestrand, WT TI Detection of pulsed X-ray emission from XMM-Newton observations of PSR J0538+2817 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pulsars : individual (PSR J0538+2817); X-rays : stars ID NEUTRON-STARS; PULSARS AB We report on the XMM-Newton observations of the 143 ms pulsar PSR J0538+2817. We present evidence for the first detections of pulsed X-rays from the source at a frequency that is consistent with the predicted radio frequency. The pulse pro. le is broad and asymmetric, with a pulse fraction of 18% +/- 3%. We find that the spectrum of the source is well-fitted with a blackbody with T(infinity) = (2.12(-0.03)(+0. 04)) x 10(6) K and N(H) = 2.5 x 10(21) cm(-2). The radius determined from the model fit of 1.68 +/- 0.05 km suggests that the emission is from a heated polar cap. A fit to the spectra with an atmospheric model reduces the inferred temperature and, hence, increases the radius of the emitting region; however, the pulsar distance determined from the fit is then smaller than the dispersion distance. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP McGowan, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcgowan@lanl.gov RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 591 IS 1 BP 380 EP 387 DI 10.1086/375332 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 691QR UT WOS:000183617400028 ER PT J AU Anninos, P Fragile, PC Murray, SD AF Anninos, P Fragile, PC Murray, SD TI Cosmos: A radiation-chemo-hydrodynamics code for astrophysical problems SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE diffusion; hydrodynamics; instabilities; methods : numerical; shock waves ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; NUMERICAL COSMOLOGY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; SUPERSONIC JETS; SCHEMES; DIFFERENCE; TESTS AB We have developed a new massively parallel radiation-hydrodynamics code (Cosmos) for Newtonian and relativistic astrophysical problems that also includes radiative cooling, self-gravity, and nonequilibrium, multispecies chemistry. Several numerical methods are implemented for the hydrodynamics, including options for both internal and total energy conserving schemes. Radiation is treated using flux-limited diffusion. The chemistry incorporates 27 reactions, including both collisional and radiative processes for atomic hydrogen and helium gases, and molecular hydrogen chains. In this paper we discuss the equations and present results from test problems carried out to verify the robustness and accuracy of our code in the Newtonian regime. An earlier paper presented tests of the relativistic capabilities of Cosmos. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Anninos, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Murray, Stephen/I-8685-2016 OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 147 IS 1 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1086/375184 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 693DT UT WOS:000183700700008 ER PT J AU Heller, WT Finley, NL Dong, WJ Timmins, P Cheung, HC Rosevear, PR Trewhella, J AF Heller, WT Finley, NL Dong, WJ Timmins, P Cheung, HC Rosevear, PR Trewhella, J TI Small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation reveals spatial relationships between the three subunits in the ternary cardiac troponin complex and the effects of troponin I phosphorylation SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATIONAL EXCHANGE; REGULATORY DOMAIN; INHIBITORY REGION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; X-RAY; BINDING; CA2+; MODEL; SITE AB Small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation has been used to determine the shapes and dispositions of the three subunits of cardiac troponin and to study the influence of phosphorylation on the structure. Three contrast variation series were collected on three different isotopically labeled variants of the cTnC/cTnI/cTnT(198-298) complex, one of which contained deuterated and bisphosphorylated cTnI. Analysis of the scattering data shows cTnT(198-298) interacting with a single lobe of a somewhat compacted cTnC that sits at one end of an elongated rodlike cTnI, covering about one-third of its length. The cTnT(198-298) sits near the center of the long cTnI axis. The components undergo significant conformational changes and reorientations in response to protein kinase A phosphorylation of cTnI. The rodlike cTnI bends sharply at the end interacting with the cTnC/cTnT(198-298) component, which reorients so as to maintain its contacts with cTnI while undergoing only a relatively small change in shape. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biochem & Mol Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Trewhella, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Trewhella, Jill/0000-0002-8555-6766 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52508]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR44324]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40528] NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 42 IS 25 BP 7790 EP 7800 DI 10.1021/bi0341509 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 695FV UT WOS:000183821200017 PM 12820888 ER PT J AU Ding, CHQ AF Ding, CHQ TI Unsupervised feature selection via two-way ordering in gene expression analysis SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS; PREDICTION AB Motivation: Selection of genes most relevant and informative for certain phenotypes is an important aspect in gene expression analysis. Most current methods select genes based on known phenotype information. However, certain set of genes may correspond to new phenotypes which are yet unknown, and it is important to develop novel effective selection methods for their discovery without using any prior phenotype information. Results: We propose and study a new method to select relevant genes based on their similarity information only. The method relies on a mechanism for discarding irrelevant genes. A two-way ordering of gene expression data can force irrelevant genes towards the middle in the ordering and thus can be discarded. Mechanisms based on variance and principal component analysis are also studied. When applied to expression profiles of colon cancer and leukemia, the unsupervised method outperforms the baseline algorithm that simply uses all genes, and it also selects relevant genes close to those selected using supervised methods. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chqding@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 EI 1460-2059 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1259 EP 1266 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg149 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 701BG UT WOS:000184145200012 PM 12835270 ER PT J AU Brudno, M Malde, S Poliakov, A Do, CB Couronne, O Dubchak, I Batzoglou, S AF Brudno, Michael Malde, Sanket Poliakov, Alexander Do, Chuong B. Couronne, Olivier Dubchak, Inna Batzoglou, Serafim TI Glocal alignment: finding rearrangements during alignment SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME; SEQUENCE; SEARCH; PROTEINS; TOOLS; BLAST AB Motivation: To compare entire genomes from different species, biologists increasingly need alignment methods that are efficient enough to handle long sequences, and accurate enough to correctly align the conserved biological features between distant species. The two main classes of pairwise alignments are global alignment, where one string is transformed into the other, and local alignment, where all locations of similarity between the two strings are returned. Global alignments are less prone to demonstrating false homology as each letter of one sequence is constrained to being aligned to only one letter of the other. Local alignments, on the other hand, can cope with rearrangements between non-syntenic, orthologous sequences by identifying similar regions in sequences; this, however, comes at the expense of a higher false positive rate due to the inability of local aligners to take into account overall conservation maps. Results: In this paper we introduce the notion of glocal alignment, a combination of global and local methods, where one creates a map that transforms one sequence into the other while allowing for rearrangement events. We present Shuffle-LAGAN, a glocal alignment algorithm that is based on the CHAOS local alignment algorithm and the LAGAN global aligner, and is able to align long genomic sequences. To test Shuffle-LAGAN we split the mouse genome into BAC-sized pieces, and aligned these pieces to the human genome. We demonstrate that Shuffle-LAGAN compares favorably in terms of sensitivity and specificity with standard local and global aligners. From the alignments we conclude that about 9% of human/mouse homology may be attributed to small rearrangements, 63% of which are duplications. C1 [Brudno, Michael; Malde, Sanket; Do, Chuong B.; Batzoglou, Serafim] Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Poliakov, Alexander; Couronne, Olivier; Dubchak, Inna] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Batzoglou, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM serafim@cs.stanford.edu NR 32 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 SU 1 BP i54 EP i62 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg1005 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA V09ZL UT WOS:000207434200007 PM 12855437 ER PT J AU Sharan, R Ovcharenko, I Ben-Hur, A Karp, RM AF Sharan, Roded Ovcharenko, Ivan Ben-Hur, Asa Karp, Richard M. TI CREME: a framework for identifying cis-regulatory modules in human-mouse conserved segments SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Cis-regulatory module; transcription factor binding site; motif cluster; statistical test AB Motivation: The binding of transcription factors to specific regulatory sequence elements is a primary mechanism for controlling gene transcription. Recent findings suggest a modular organization of binding sites for transcription factors that cooperate in the regulation of genes. In this work we establish a framework for finding recurrent cis-regulatory modules in the promoters of a selected set of genes and scoring their statistical significance. Results: Proceeding from a database of identified binding site motifs and their genomic locations we seek motifs whose frequency in the selected promoters is different than in a background promoter set. We present several statistical tests designed for this purpose. We provide a hashing algorithm for detecting combinations of these motifs that co-occur in clusters within the selected promoters. The significance of such co-occurrences is evaluated using novel statistical scores. Our methods are combined in CREME, a suite of software which includes a browser for viewing the pattern of occurrence of selected cis-regulatory modules. We applied our methodology to find modules within human-mouse conserved promoter segments, focusing on cell cycle regulated genes and stress response related genes. To validate the biological significance of the identified modules we tested whether the associated genes tended to be co-expressed or share similar function. In the cell cycle set five of the seven identified sets of genes were coherently expressed. On the stress response data four of the six detected sets fell predominantly into well-defined functional sub-categories. C1 [Sharan, Roded; Karp, Richard M.] Int Comp Sci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Ovcharenko, Ivan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ben-Hur, Asa] Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sharan, R (reprint author), Int Comp Sci Inst, 1947 Ctr St,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 SU 1 BP i283 EP i291 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg1039 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA V09ZL UT WOS:000207434200041 PM 12855471 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Kim, UJ Kim, DY Katsumata, KS May, RP Langan, P AF Nishiyama, Y Kim, UJ Kim, DY Katsumata, KS May, RP Langan, P TI Periodic disorder along ramie cellulose microfibrils SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; WALL AB Small angle neutron scattering studies have been carried out on cellulose fibers from ramie and Populus maximowicii (cotton wood). Labile hydrogen atoms were replaced by deuterium atoms, in water-accessible disordered regions of the fibers, to increase the neutron scattering contrast between the disordered and crystalline regions. A meridional Bragg reflection, corresponding to a longitudinal periodicity of 150 nm, was observed when scattering collected from hydrogenated and deuterated dry ramie fibers was subtracted. No Bragg reflection was observed with the cotton wood fibers, probably because of lower orientation of the microfibrils in the cell wall. The ramie fibers were then subjected to electron microscopy, acid hydrolysis, gel permeation chromatography, and viscosity studies. The leveling off degree of polymerization (LODP) of the hydrolyzed samples matched exactly the periodicity observed in the diffraction studies. The weight loss related to the LODP was only about 1.5%, and thus, the microfibrils can be considered to have 4-5 disordered residues every 300 residues. C1 Univ Tokyo, Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Dongguk Univ, Coll Life Resources Sci, Seoul 100715, South Korea. Intitut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nishiyama, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 19 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1017 DI 10.1021/bm025772x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 704VB UT WOS:000184360400022 PM 12857086 ER PT J AU Yang, M Damjanovic, A Vaswani, HM Fleming, GR AF Yang, M Damjanovic, A Vaswani, HM Fleming, GR TI Energy transfer in photosystem I of cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus: Model study with structure-based semi-empirical Hamiltonian and experimental spectral density SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; CORE ANTENNA; PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEMS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; EXCITATION DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AB We model the energy transfer and trapping kinetics in PSI. Rather than simply applying Forster theory, we develop a new approach to self-consistently describe energy transfer in a complex with heterogeneous couplings. Experimentally determined spectral densities are employed to calculate the energy transfer rates. The absorption spectrum and fluorescence decay time components of the complex at room temperature were reasonably reproduced. The roles of the special chlorophylls (red, linker, and reaction center, respectively) molecules are discussed. A formally exact expression for the trapping time is derived in terms of the intrinsic trapping time, mean first passage time to trap, and detrapping time. The energy transfer mechanism is discussed and the slowest steps of the arrival at the primary electron donor are found to contain two dominant steps: transfer-to-reaction-center, and transfer-to-trap-from-reaction-center. The intrinsic charge transfer time is estimated to be 0.8similar to1.7 ps. The optimality with respect to the trapping time of the calculated transition energies and the orientation of Chls is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Yang, Mino/0000-0001-9504-0280 NR 66 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 21 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 140 EP 158 PG 19 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 695FN UT WOS:000183820600014 PM 12829471 ER PT J AU Facciotti, MT Cheung, VS Nguyen, D Rouhani, S Glaeser, RM AF Facciotti, MT Cheung, VS Nguyen, D Rouhani, S Glaeser, RM TI Crystal structure of the bromide-bound D85S mutant of bacteriorhodopsin: Principles of ion pumping SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME BC(1) COMPLEX; X-RAY STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; M-STATE; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; PROTON TRANSLOCATION; RETINAL CHROMOPHORE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CALCIUM-PUMP; C-OXIDASE AB We report the crystal structure of a bromide-bound form of the D85S mutant of bacteriorhoclopsin, bR(D85S), a protein that uses light energy rather than ATP to pump halide ions across the cell membrane. Comparison of the structure of the halide-bound and halide-free states reveals that both displacements of individual side-chain positions and concerted helical movements occur on the extracellular side of the protein. Analysis of these structural changes reveals how this ion pump first facilitates ion uptake deep within the cell membrane and then prevents the backward escape of ions later in the pumping cycle. Together with the information provided by structures of intermediate states in the bacteriorhoclopsin photocycle, this study also suggests the overall design principles that are necessary for ion pumping. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Stanley Donner ASU, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487, P01 GM051487] NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 451 EP 458 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 695FN UT WOS:000183820600043 PM 12829500 ER PT J AU Evans, BR O'Neill, HM Malyvanh, VP Lee, I Woodward, J AF Evans, BR O'Neill, HM Malyvanh, VP Lee, I Woodward, J TI Palladium-bacterial cellulose membranes for fuel cells SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE bacterial cellulose; palladium deposition; membrane electrode assembly ID ACID; POLYMERS AB Bacterial cellulose is a versatile renewable biomaterial that can be used as a hydrophilic matrix for the incorporation of metals into thin, flexible, thermally stable membranes. In contrast to plant cellulose, we found it catalyzed the deposition of metals within its structure to generate a finely divided homogeneous catalyst layer. Experimental data suggested that bacterial cellulose possessed reducing groups capable of initiating the precipitation of palladium, gold, and silver from aqueous solution. Since the bacterial cellulose contained water equivalent to at least 200 times the dry weight of the cellulose, it was dried to a thin membranous structure suitable for the construction of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). Results of our study with palladium-cellulose showed that it was capable of catalyzing the generation of hydrogen when incubated with sodium dithionite and generated an electrical current from hydrogen in an MEA containing native cellulose as the polyelectrolyte membrane (PEM). Advantages of using native and metallized bacterial cellulose membranes in an MEA over other PEMs such as Nafion 117(R) include its higher thermal stability to 130 degreesC and lower gas crossover. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Maryville Coll, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RP Evans, BR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 4500N Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 23 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 9 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 917 EP 923 AR PII S0956-5663(02)00212-9 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(02)00212-9 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 693TW UT WOS:000183735300009 PM 12713915 ER PT J AU Longmire, JL Brown, NC AF Longmire, JL Brown, NC TI pFOS-LA: a modified vector for production of random shear fosmid libraries SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CONSTRUCTION; GENOME; REGION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Longmire, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUL PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 50 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 698WA UT WOS:000184021300005 PM 12866404 ER PT J AU Thompson, VS Schaller, KD Apel, WA AF Thompson, VS Schaller, KD Apel, WA TI Purification and characterization of a novel thermo-alkali-stable catalase from Thermus brockianus SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID TEXTILE-BLEACHING EFFLUENTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BACILLUS SP; BACTERIUM; PROTEINS; LIGAND; ENZYME AB A novel thermo-alkali-stable catalase from Thermus brockianus was purified and characterized. The protein was purified from a T. brockianus cell extract in a three-step procedure that resulted in 65-fold purification to a specific activity of 5300 U/mg. The enzyme consisted of four identical subunits of 42.5 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and a total molecular mass measured by gel filtration of 178 kDa. The catalase was active over a temperature range from 30 to 94 degreesC and a pH range from 6 to 10, with optimum activity occurring at 90 degreesC and pH 8. At pH 8, the enzyme was extremely stable at elevated temperatures with half-lives of 330 h at 80 degreesC and 3 h at 90 degreesC. The enzyme also demonstrated excellent stability at 70 degreesC and alkaline pH with measured half-lives of 510 h and 360 h at pHs of 9 and 10, respectively. The enzyme had an unusual pyridine hemochrome spectrum and appears to utilize eight molecules of heme c per tetramer rather than protoheme IX present in the majority of catalases studied to date. The absorption spectrum suggested that the heme iron of the catalase was in a 6-coordinate low spin state rather than the typical 5-coordinate high spin state. A K-m of 35.5 mM and a V-max. of 20.3 mAVmin(.)mg protein for hydrogen peroxide was measured, and the enzyme was not inhibited by hydrogen peroxide at concentrations up to 450 mM. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by cyanide and the traditional catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The enzyme also showed no peroxidase activity to peroxidase substrates o-dianisidine and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), a trait of typical monofunctional catalases. However, unlike traditional monofunctional catalases, the T. brockianus catalase was easily reduced by dithionite, a characteristic of catalase-peroxidases. The above properties indicate that this catalase has potential for applications in industrial bleaching processes to remove residual hydrogen peroxide from process streams. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Consortium Extremophile Res, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Thompson, VS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Consortium Extremophile Res, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Thompson, Vicki/B-9086-2017 OI Thompson, Vicki/0000-0003-4975-392X NR 41 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1299 DI 10.1021/bp034040t PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 709XX UT WOS:000184652800024 PM 12892493 ER PT J AU Collier, JM Selmin, O Johnson, PD Runyan, RB AF Collier, JM Selmin, O Johnson, PD Runyan, RB TI Trichloroethylene effects on gene expression during cardiac development SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; dichloroethylene; trichloroacefic acid; heart; development; halogenated hydrocarbon; teratology ID EMBRYONIC CHICK; DRINKING-WATER; HEART; RAT; TERATOGENESIS; METABOLITES; INHIBITION; MYOCYTES; INVITRO; CANCER AB BACKGROUND: Halogenated hydrocarbon exposure is associated with changes in gene expression in adult and embryonic tissue. Our study was undertaken to identify differentially expressed mRNA transcripts in embryonic hearts from Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) or potential bio-transformation products dichloroethylene (DCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). METHODS: cDNA subtractive hybridization was used to selectively amplify expressed mRNA obtained from control or halogenated hydrocarbon exposed rat embryos. The doses used were 1100 and 110 ppm (8300 and 830 muM) TCE, 110 and 11 ppm (1100 and 110 muM) DCE, and 27.3 and 2.75 mg/ml (100 and 10 mM) TCAA. Control animals were given distilled drinking water throughout the period of experiments. RESULTS: Sequencing of over 100 clones derived from halogenated hydrocarbon exposed groups resulted in identification of numerous differentially regulated gene sequences. Up-regulated transcripts identified include genes associated with stress response (Hsp 70) and homeostasis (several ribosomal proteins). Down-regulated transcripts include extracellular matrix components (GPI-p137 and vimentin) and Ca2+ responsive proteins (Serca-2 Ca2+-ATPase and beta-catenin). Two possible markers for fetal TCE exposure were identified: Serca-2 Ca2+-ATPase and GPI-p137, a GPI-linked protein of unknown function. Differential regulation of expression of both markers by TCE was confirmed by dot blot analysis and semi-quantitative RT-PCR with levels of TCE exposure between 100 and 250 ppb (0.76 and 1.9 muM) sufficient to decrease expression. CONCLUSIONS: Sequences down-regulated with TCE exposure appear to be those associated with cellular housekeeping, cell adhesion, and developmental processes, while TCE exposure up-regulates expression of numerous stress response and homeostatic genes. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Cent Anim Facil, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Collier, JM (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Genome Sci Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Runyan, Raymond/B-6977-2012 OI Runyan, Raymond/0000-0002-7410-916X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58696]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES04940] NR 29 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 7 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1002/bdra.10073 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XH UT WOS:000185287200002 PM 14565619 ER PT J AU Embury, SH Matsui, NM Ramanujan, S Duong, PL Hebert, JL Kaminsky, Y Parra, M Varki, A Mohandas, N Cheung, ATW AF Embury, SH Matsui, NM Ramanujan, S Duong, PL Hebert, JL Kaminsky, Y Parra, M Varki, A Mohandas, N Cheung, ATW TI In vitro and in vivo biophysical data suggesting a therapeutic role for heparin in preventing microvascular occlusion. SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Conference on Hemoglobin Switching CY SEP 26-30, 2002 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. No Calif Comprehens Sickle Cell Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, San Diego, CA USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 700FF UT WOS:000184101400060 ER PT J AU Wen, J Dickinson, LA Pack, SD Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Noguchi, CT AF Wen, J Dickinson, LA Pack, SD Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Noguchi, CT TI Tall exhibits transcriptional repression and modifies RARb gene expression by targeting satellite DNA. SO BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th Conference on Hemoglobin Switching CY SEP 26-30, 2002 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND C1 NIDDK, Biol Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. NINDS, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. LBNL, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Pack, Svetlana/C-2020-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-9796 J9 BLOOD CELL MOL DIS JI Blood Cells Mol. Dis. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 700FF UT WOS:000184101400117 ER PT J AU Varnum, SM Covington, CC Woodbury, RL Petritis, K Kangas, LJ Abdullah, MS Pounds, JG Smith, RD Zangar, RC AF Varnum, SM Covington, CC Woodbury, RL Petritis, K Kangas, LJ Abdullah, MS Pounds, JG Smith, RD Zangar, RC TI Proteomic characterization of nipple aspirate fluid: identification of potential biomarkers of breast cancer SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; breast cancer; nipple aspirate fluid; proteomics ID SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-D; PROTEIN; ANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; CARCINOMA; MARKERS; PLASMA; WOMEN; RISK AB Mammary ductal cells are the origin for 70-80% of breast cancers. Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) contains proteins directly secreted by the ductal and lobular epithelium in non-lactating women. Proteomic approaches offer a largely unbiased way to evaluate NAF as a source of biomarkers and are sufficiently sensitive for analysis of small NAF volumes (10-50 mul). In this study, we initially evaluated a new process for obtaining NAF and discovered that this process resulted in a volume of NAF that was suitable for analysis in similar to90% of subjects. Proteomic characterization of NAF identified 64 proteins. Although this list primarily includes abundant and moderately abundant NAF proteins, very few of these proteins have previously been reported in NAF. At least 15 of the NAF proteins identified have previously been reported to be altered in serum or tumor tissue from women with breast cancer, including cathepsin D and osteopontin. In summary, this study provides the first characterization of the NAF proteome and identifies several candidate proteins for future studies on breast cancer markers in NAF. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Zangar, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 NR 49 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 80 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1023/A:1024479106887 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 693ED UT WOS:000183702500009 PM 12889602 ER PT J AU Campisi, J AF Campisi, J TI Cellular senescence - Implications for cancer progression SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT British Cancer Research Meeting 2003 CY JUL 02-05, 2003 CL BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JUL PY 2003 VL 88 SU 1 BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 699ED UT WOS:000184042200018 ER PT J AU Jellinek, AM DePaolo, DJ AF Jellinek, AM DePaolo, DJ TI A model for the origin of large silicic magma chambers: precursors of caldera-forming eruptions SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dike formation; viscoelastic rocks; rhyolitic volcanism; granitic plutons; silicic magma chumber evolution ID LONG-VALLEY-CALDERA; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; FOSSIL HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ASH-FLOW TUFFS; NEW-ZEALAND; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS; HAWAIIAN VOLCANISM; DISTRIBUTED DAMAGE AB The relatively low rates of magma production in island arcs and continental extensional settings require that the volume of silicic magma involved in large catastrophic caldera-forming (CCF) eruptions must accumulate over periods of 10(5) to 10(6) years. We address the question of why buoyant and otherwise eruptible highsilica magma should accumulate for long times in shallow chambers rather than erupt more continuously as magma is supplied from greater depths. Our hypothesis is that the viscoelastic behavior of magma chamber wall rocks may prevent an accumulation of overpressure sufficient to generate rhyolite dikes that can propagate to the surface and cause an eruption. The critical overpressure required for eruption is based on the model of Rubin (1995a). An approximate analytical model is used to evaluate the controls on magma overpressure for a continuously or episodically replenished spherical magma chamber contained in wall rocks with a Maxwell viscoelastic rheology. The governing parameters are the long-term magma supply, the magma chamber volume, and the effective viscosity of the wall rocks. The long-term magma supply, a parameter that is not typically incorporated into dike formation models, can be constrained from observations and melt generation models. For effective wall-rock viscosities in the range 10(18) to 10(20) Pa s(-1), dynamical regimes are identified that lead to the suppression of dikes capable of propagating to the surface. Frequent small eruptions that relieve magma chamber overpressure are favored when the chamber volume is small relative to the magma supply and when the wall rocks are cool. Magma storage, leading to conditions suitable for a CCF eruption, is favored for larger magma chambers (>10(2) km(3)) with warm wall rocks that have a low effective viscosity. Magma storage is further enhanced by regional tectonic extension, high magma crystal contents, and if the effective wall-rock viscosity is lowered by microfracturing, fluid infiltration, or metamorphic reactions. The long-term magma supply rate and chamber volume are important controls on eruption frequency for all magma chamber sizes. The model can explain certain aspects of the frequency, volume, and spatial distribution of small-volume silicic eruptions in caldera systems, and helps account for the large size of granitic plutons, their association with extensional settings and high thermal gradients, and the fact that they usually post-date associated volcanic deposits. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jellinek, AM (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM markj@seismo.berkeley.edu NR 139 TC 177 Z9 179 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 EI 1432-0819 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 65 IS 5 BP 363 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s00445-003-0277-y PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 705ZY UT WOS:000184428200004 ER PT J AU Utter, SB Beiersdorfer, P Trabert, E AF Utter, SB Beiersdorfer, P Trabert, E TI Accurate wavelengths of resonance lines in Zn-like heavy ions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZINC ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RANDOM-PHASE APPROXIMATION; X-RAY REGION; ENERGY-LEVELS; CU-LIKE; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; TRAP; EMISSION; FE AB Using an electron-beam ion trap and a flat-field spectrometer, the extreme ultraviolet resonance lines of Zn-like ions of Yb, W, Au, Pb, Th, and U were observed and their wavelengths measured with greatly improved accuracy. The results are compared to those from laser-produced plasmas and to theory, and significant differences are found. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys & Adv Technol, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 911 EP 918 DI 10.1139/P03-071 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 725HC UT WOS:000185537300002 ER PT J AU Gray, JW AF Gray, JW TI Evidence emerges for early metastasis and parallel evolution of primary and metastatic tumors SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; BREAST-CANCER; CELLS AB Tumor progression to metastasis usually is assumed to occur through clonal genomic and epigenetic evolution. However, Schmidt-Kittler et al. (2003) present evidence that challenges this paradigm. They show that genomic aberrations in tumor cells disseminated in the bone marrows of patients with no clinical evidence of metastasis generally do not resemble the aberrations in the primary tumors from which they arose. They interpret this to mean that tumor cells disseminate very early and evolve to metastatic disease independent from the primary tumor. Their model suggests that adjuvant therapies should be targeted to lesions in the disseminated cells rather than lesions found in primary tumors. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Gray, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD JUL PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00167-3 PG 3 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 705CT UT WOS:000184379000003 PM 12892707 ER PT J AU Zhou, DM Cherrak, DE Kaczmarski, K Cavazzini, A Guiochon, G AF Zhou, DM Cherrak, DE Kaczmarski, K Cavazzini, A Guiochon, G TI Prediction of the band profiles of the mixtures of the 1-indanol enantiomers from data acquired with the single racemic mixture SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE enantiomeric separations; equilibrium isotherm; kinetic studies; lumped pore diffusion model; 1-indanol ID CHIRAL STATIONARY-PHASE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; MASS-TRANSFER; PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELLULOSE TRIBENZOATE; SEPARATION; 1-PHENYL-1-PROPANOL; DERIVATIVES AB The adsorption isotherm data of R- and S-1-indanol and of their racemic mixture on cellulose tribenzoate were measured by frontal analysis. These data were then fitted to the Langmuir, the Bilangmuir, the Toth, and the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models. The single component data fitted well to both the Bilangmuir and the Toth models. Combined with the lumped pore diffusion model (POR) of chromatography, these isotherms were used to calculate overloaded elution profiles of the pure enantiomers. The calculated and the experimental profiles agree excellently in all cases if the former are derived from the Bilangmuir model. The competitive experimental data also gave excellent agreement with the Bilangmuir model. The simultaneous fit of all the data, for the single components and the racemic mixture, gave again superior agreement with the bilangmuir model. The overloaded elution profiles of samples of the racemic mixture calculated with the Bilangmuir isotherm model combined with the POR model of chromatography gave results in very good agreement with the experimental band profiles of large samples of the racemic mixture. This confirms that in numerous cases the whole set of competitive isotherms of two enantiomers can be derived from the experimental data obtained only with the racemic mixture. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Cavazzini, Alberto/B-7051-2015 OI Cavazzini, Alberto/0000-0002-2510-0871 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 58 IS 14 BP 3257 EP 3272 DI 10.1016/S0009-2509(03)00171-4 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 703ZB UT WOS:000184312200016 ER PT J AU Valorani, M Najm, HN Goussis, DA AF Valorani, M Najm, HN Goussis, DA TI CSP analysis of a transient flame-vortex interaction: time scales and manifolds SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE flame; vortex; CSP; manifold; equilibrium ID SEMIIMPLICIT NUMERICAL SCHEME; UNSTEADY STRAIN-RATE; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; REACTING FLOW; MECHANISMS; STIFF; CONSTRUCTION; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; CURVATURE AB The interaction of a two-dimensional counter-rotating vortex-pair with a premixed methane-air flame is analyzed with the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method. It is shown that, as the fastest chemical time scales become exhausted, the solution is attracted towards a manifold, whose dimension decreases as the number of exhausted time scales increases. A necessary condition for a chemical time scale to become exhausted is that it must be much faster than the locally prevailing diffusion and convection time scales. Downstream of the flame, the hot products are in a regime of near-equilibrium, characterized by a large number of exhausted fast chemical time scales and the development of a low dimensional manifold, where the dynamics are locally controlled by slow transport processes and slow kinetics. In the flame region, where intense chemical and transport activity takes place, the number of exhausted chemical time scales is relatively small. The manifold has a large dimension and the driving time scale is set by chemical kinetics. In the cold flow region, where mostly reactants are present, the flow regime can be described as frozen, as the active chemical time scales are much slower than the diffusion and convection time scales; the driving scale set by diffusion. The algebraic relations among the elementary rates, which describe the manifold, are discussed along with a classification of the unknowns in three classes: i) CSP radicals; ii) trace; and, iii) major species. It is established that the optimal CSP radicals must be: i) strongly affected by the exhausted fast chemical time scales; and, ii) significant participants in the algebraic relations describing the manifold. The identification of CSP radicals, trace and major species, is a prerequisite for simplification or reduction of chemical kinetic mechanisms. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Dipartimento Meccan & Aeronaut, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Najm, HN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 E Ave,MS9051, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 31 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00067-1 PG 19 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 708BL UT WOS:000184546600004 ER PT J AU Gotoda, H Maeda, K Ueda, T Cheng, RK AF Gotoda, H Maeda, K Ueda, T Cheng, RK TI Periodic motion of a bunsen flame tip with burner rotation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE buoyancy; Lewis number; premixed flame; microgravity; burner rotation ID PREMIXED FLAMES; LEWIS NUMBER; STABILIZATION; BUOYANCY; GRAVITY; LIMIT; BEHAVIOR; LAMINAR; SWIRL; FLOW AB Effects of burner rotation on the shapes and dynamics of premixed Bunsen flames have been investigated experimentally in normal gravity and in microgravity. Mixtures of CH4-air and C3H8-air are issued from the burner tube with mean flow velocity U = 0.6 m/s. The burner tube is rotated up to 1400 rpm (swirl number S = 1.58). An oscillating flame with large amplitude is formed between a conical-shape flame and a plateau flame under the condition of Lewis number Le > 1 mixtures (rich CH4-air and lean C3H8-air mixtures). In contrast, for Le less than or equal to 1 mixtures (lean CH4-air and rich C3H8-air), asymmetric, eccentric flame or tilted flame is formed under the same swirl number range. Under microgravity condition, the oscillating flames are not formed, indicating that the oscillation is driven by buoyancy-induced instability associated with the unstable interface between the hot products and the ambient air. The flame tip flickering frequency nu is insensitive to burner rotation for S < 0.11. For S > 0.11, nu decreases linearly with increasing S. As S exceeds 0.11, a minimum value of axial mean velocity along the center line u(j,m) due to flow divergence is found and it has a linear relationship with nu. This result shows that u(j,m) has direct control of the oscillation frequency. When S approaches unity, the flame oscillation amplitude increases by a factor of 5, compared to the flickering amplitude of a conical-shape flame. This is accompanied by a hysteresis variation in the flame curvature from positive to negative and the thermo-diffusive zone thickness varying from small to large. With S > 1.3, the plateau flame has the same small flickering amplitudes as with S = 0. These results show that the competing centrifugal and buoyancy forces, and the non-unity Lewis number effect, play important roles in amplifying the flame-tip oscillation. (C) 2003 The Combustion Institute. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Sch Sci Open & Environm Syst, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ueda, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Sch Sci Open & Environm Syst, Kohoku Ku, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2003 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00082-8 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 708BL UT WOS:000184546600006 ER PT J AU Elliott, S Stringfield, RM AF Elliott, S Stringfield, RM TI Chemistry in next-generation rocket plume models SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE rocket fuels; combustion chemistry; afterburn; trace metals; ionization; particles; radiation; simulation ID TURBULENT TRANSPORT; EXHAUST PLUMES; FLAMES; PREDICTION; COMBUSTION; IONIZATION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; COEFFICIENTS; EQUILIBRIUM AB Chemical processes are central to the comprehension of rocket and missile exhaust structure. Afterburning of superstoichiometric, reduced products drives heating beyond the nozzle. Trace metals can suppress radical cycling intensities and simultaneously act as the source of ionization. Particles inorganic and otherwise undergo fluid slip and thereby impact heat and momentum budgets. All radiation interactions of the plume are intimately coupled into this rich chemical environment. Several atomic and chemiluminescent spectra appear in the submicron range. A variety of particulate types glow as continuum blackbodies in the infrared. Subject to quantum mechanical restrictions, major and trace gases emit as well. Radio frequencies are attenuated by the weak plasma and may also be generated where charge separation and turbulence conjoin. Renewed interest in missile defense will motivate refinements in plume detection, particularly for the boost phase. We review current theory and modeling of exhaust chemistry in order to anticipate next-generation computations required to guide the sensor community. A variety of organic, composite, and liquid fuel types is described along with the dopants that can be introduced. Chemical behavior is outlined within thecombustion chamber and through the nozzle expansion zone. A brief history of exhaust kinetics modeling is then provided. Increasing complexity of reaction lists, integrators, and coupling to fluid dynamics are stressed. Parameterized submechanisms are recommended relevant to the major radiation interaction types. The nonequilibrium aerosol is dealt with over a range of compositions and sizes. We conclude by organizing a list of potential research priorities. Due to computational intensity and interdisciplinarity of the plume chemistry problem, cross-institutional programs are advised. Increased reaction detail should improve the performance of existing kinetics routines and lead also to convergence. Automation of chemistry setup and optimization of numerics will facilitate sensitivity tests and reaction tailoring. Multifluid hydrodynamics and gaseous electronic calculations may yield insights on radio frequency emissions from the backstreaming and Mach diamond regimes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth Environm, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Elliott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth Environm, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 175 IS 7 BP 1179 EP 1210 DI 10.1080/00102200390201640 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 690UG UT WOS:000183567900001 ER PT J AU Dandekar, DP Hall, CA Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD AF Dandekar, DP Hall, CA Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD TI Shock response of a glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composite SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th US National Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA DE composite; shock wave; compression; release; Hugoniot elastic limit AB The present work describes the compression and release response of a glass-fiber-reinforced polyester composite (GRP) under shock loading to 20 GPa. Shock experiments in GRP were performed at Sandia National Laboratories and the US Army Research Laboratory. GRP is a heterogeneous material. The diagnostic measurements fluctuate beyond the precision of the experimental measurements but they do permit determination of an average response of the material at the end state. These experiments show that: (i) GRP deforms elastically in compression to at least 1.3 GPa; (ii) the deformation coordinates of shocked and re-shocked GRP lie on the deformation locus of initially shocked GRP to 4.3 GPa; (iii) and the release path of GRP shocked to varying magnitudes of stresses indicate that the GRP expands such that its density when stresses are released in the range of 3-5 GPa from a peak compressive stress of 9 GPa and above is lower than the initial density of GRP. Possible reasons for the observed lower density remain to be investigated. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, Terminal Effects Div, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1610, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Terminal Effects Div, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00031-X PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 683KT UT WOS:000183147900006 ER PT J AU Toreja, AJ Rizwan-uddin AF Toreja, AJ Rizwan-uddin TI Hybrid numerical methods for convection-diffusion problems in arbitrary geometries SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE nodal-integral method; finite analytic method; finite element method; convection-diffusion equation; arbitrary geometries ID ADVECTION-DISPERSION-EQUATION; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; TRANSPORT; SCHEME AB The hybrid nodal-integral/finite element method (NI-FEM) and the hybrid nodal-integral/finite analytic method (NI-FAM) are developed to solve the steady-state, two-dimensional convection-diffusion equation (CDE). The hybrid NI-FAM for the steady-state problem is then extended to solve the more general time-dependent, two-dimensional, CDE. These hybrid coarse mesh methods, unlike the conventional nodal-integral approach, are applicable in arbitrary geometries and maintain the high efficiency of the conventional nodal-integral method (NIM). In steady-state problems, the computational domain for both hybrid methods is discretized using rectangular nodes in the interior of the domain and along vertical and horizontal boundaries, while triangular nodes are used along the boundaries that are not parallel to the x or y axes. In time-dependent problems, the rectangular and triangular nodes become space time parallelepiped and wedge-shaped nodes, respectively. The difference schemes for the variables on the interfaces of adjacent rectangular/parallelepiped nodes are developed using the conventional NIM. For the triangular nodes in the hybrid NI-FEM, a trial function is written in terms of the edge-averaged concentration of the three edges and made to satisfy the CDE in an integral sense. In the hybrid NI-FAM, the concentration over the triangular/wedge-shaped nodes is represented using a finite analytic approximation, which is based on the analytic solution of the one-dimensional CDE. The difference schemes for both hybrid methods are then developed for the interfaces between the rectangular/parallelepiped and triangular/wedge-shaped nodes by imposing continuity of the flux across the interfaces. A formal derivation of these hybrid methods and numerical results for several test problems are presented and discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Computat Sci & Engn Program, Nucl Engn Lab 214, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Toreja, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L 312, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM atoreja@llnl.gov; rizwan@uiuc.edu NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 6 BP 835 EP 872 AR PII S0045-7930(02)00031-2 DI 10.1016/S0045-7930(02)00031-2 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 657UN UT WOS:000181684900004 ER PT J AU Gaetani, GA Kent, AJR Grove, TL Hutcheon, ID Stolper, EM AF Gaetani, GA Kent, AJR Grove, TL Hutcheon, ID Stolper, EM TI Mineral/melt partitioning of trace elements during hydrous peridotite partial melting SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; BENEATH MIDOCEAN RIDGES; ISLAND-ARC BASALTS; SILICATE MELTS; MANTLE PERIDOTITE; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; GARNET TRANSITION; OCEANIC-CRUST; 2.0 GPA AB This experimental study examines the mineral/melt partitioning of incompatible trace elements among high-Ca clinopyroxene, garnet, and hydrous silicate melt at upper mantle pressure and temperature conditions. Experiments were performed at pressures of 1.2 and 1.6 GPa and temperatures of 1,185 to 1,370 degreesC. Experimentally produced silicate melts contain up to 6.3 wt% dissolved H2O, and are saturated with an upper mantle peridotite mineral assemblage of olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene + spinel or garnet. Clinopyroxene/ melt and garnet/melt partition coefficients were measured for Li, B, K, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and select rare earth elements by secondary ion mass spectrometry. A comparison of our experimental results for trivalent cations (REEs and Y) with the results from calculations carried out using the Wood-Blundy partitioning model indicates that H2O dissolved in the silicate melt has a discernible effect on trace element partitioning. Experiments carried out at 1.2 GPa, 1,315 degreesC and 1.6 GPa, 1,370 degreesC produced clinopyroxene containing 15.0 and 13.9 wt% CaO, respectively, coexisting with silicate melts containing similar to1-2 wt% H2O. Partition coefficients measured in these experiments are consistent with the Wood-Blundy model. However, partition coefficients determined in an experiment carried out at 1.2 GPa and 1,185 degreesC, which produced clinopyroxene containing 19.3 wt% CaO coexisting with a high-H2O (6.26 +/- 0.10 wt%) silicate melt, are significantly smaller than predicted by the Wood-Blundy model. Accounting for the depolymerized structure of the H2O-rich melt eliminates the mismatch between experimental result and model prediction. Therefore, the increased Ca2+ content of clinopyroxene at low-temperature, hydrous conditions does not enhance compatibility to the extent indicated by results from anhydrous experiments, and models used to predict mineral/melt partition coefficients during hydrous peridotite partial melting in the sub-arc mantle must take into account the effects of H2O on the structure of silicate melts. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gaetani, GA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ggaetani@whoi.edu RI Grove, Timothy/M-9638-2013; Gaetani, Glenn/B-8809-2015 OI Grove, Timothy/0000-0003-0628-1969; Gaetani, Glenn/0000-0002-6026-2534 NR 85 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 145 IS 4 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1007/s00410-003-0447-0 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 709FQ UT WOS:000184615500001 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Popov, BN Chen, KS AF Kim, HS Popov, BN Chen, KS TI Comparison of corrosion-resistance and hydrogen permeation properties of Zn-Ni, Zn-Ni-Cd and Cd coatings on low-carbon steel SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; SURFACE-TREATMENT; HY-130 STEEL; ABSORPTION; ZINC; PENETRATION; IRON; ELECTRODEPOSITION; INHIBITION; MITIGATION AB Zn-Ni-Cd alloy was electroplated from an alkaline sulfate bath under potentiostatic conditions. The corrosion and hydrogen permeation characteristics of Zn-Ni-Cd alloy coatings electrodeposited from alkaline bath were studied and compared with those of Cd and Zn-Ni coatings obtained using commercial baths. Zn-Ni-Cd alloy was electroplated from an alkaline sulfate bath under potentiostatic conditions. The corrosion potential of this Zn-Ni-Cd coating was -0.62 V vs. SCE, which is still negative potential compared to iron. The corrosion rate of Zn-Ni-Cd coated steel was 0.073 mm y(-1), which is estimated in a 0.5 M Na2SO4 + 0.5 M H3BO3 solution at a pH of 7. This value is much lower than the corrosion rate of Zn-Ni alloy (0.502 mm y(-1)) and Cd (0.306 mm y(-1)) coatings deposited from commercial baths. Zn-Ni-Cd alloys are also demonstrated to have superior hydrogen permeation inhibition properties compared to Cd and Zn-Ni coatings. Kinetic parameters of hydrogen permeation such as the transfer coefficient, a, the modified exchange current density, i(0)', thickness dependent adsorption-absorption rate constant, k", recombination rate constant, k(3), surface hydrogen coverage, OS, were evaluated by applying a mathematical model to analyze experimental results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Popov, BN (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM popov@engr.sc.edu RI Kim, Hansung/G-8533-2012 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1505 EP 1521 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(02)00228-7 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 667VL UT WOS:000182254700011 ER PT J AU Ilevbare, GO Burstein, GT AF Ilevbare, GO Burstein, GT TI The inhibition of pitting corrosion of stainless steels by chromate and molybdate ions SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE SOLUTION; ALLOYED MOLYBDENUM; GROWTH; PITS; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; BEHAVIOR AB The inhibitive effects of chromate and molybdate on pitting corrosion in stainless steel AISI 304 and AISI 316 were studied in acidified chloride solution. The results presented show that these known inhibitors affect both the nucleation of pitting and metastable pitting by reducing the numbers and sizes of these events. This makes attainment of stable pit growth more difficult. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Ilevbare, GO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 51 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1545 EP 1569 DI 10.1016/S0010-938X(02)00229-9 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 667VL UT WOS:000182254700014 ER PT J AU Zhuang, GRV Ross, PN AF Zhuang, GRV Ross, PN TI Analysis of the chemical composition of the passive film on Li-ion battery anodes using attentuated total reflection infrared Spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-METAL ELECTRODES; LITHIUM; INTERFACE; GRAPHITE; CELLS AB We examined the surfaces of graphite anodes extracted from Li-ion cells with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using attenuated total reflection geometry. The cells were of the 18650-type and subjected to calender aging (60% state of charge) at 55 degreesC. The composition of the film on an anode from a control cell (not aged) is composed of lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4), lithium carboxylate (RCOOLi), and lithium methoxide (LiOCH3). After aging, there is also lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and methanol (CH3OH), and in some cases lithium hydrogen carbonate (LiHCO3), probably due to the reaction of water with the methoxide and oxalate. There is substantial variation in the relative amounts of the five compounds over the surfaces of the electrodes. Alkyl carbonates may form early on, but decompose to more "inorganic'' compounds with aging. The multicomponent composition reflects the complex chemistry of passive film formation in real Li-ion cells. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhuang, GRV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 39 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 6 IS 7 BP A136 EP A139 DI 10.1149/1.1575594 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 683LT UT WOS:000183151000004 ER PT J AU Fukai, S Matern, HT Jagath, JR Scheller, RH Brunger, AT AF Fukai, S Matern, HT Jagath, JR Scheller, RH Brunger, AT TI Structural basis of the interaction between RalA and Sec5, a subunit of the sec6/8 complex SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE exocyst; exocytosis; GTP-binding protein; Ral effector; sec6/8 ID GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; EXOCYST COMPLEX; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EFFECTOR RECOGNITION; POLARIZED SECRETION; NUCLEAR TRANSPORT; RAS; EXOCYTOSIS; MEMBRANE; RHO AB The sec6/8 complex or exocyst is an octameric protein complex that functions during cell polarization by regulating the site of exocytic vesicle docking to the plasma membrane, in concert with small GTP-binding proteins. The Sec5 subunit of the mammalian sec6/8 complex binds Ral in a GTP-dependent manner. Here we report the crystal structure of the complex between the Ral-binding domain of Sec5 and RalA bound to a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog (GppNHp) at 2.1 Angstrom resolution, providing the first structural insights into the mechanism and specificity of sec6/8 regulation. The Sec5 Ral-binding domain folds into an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich structure, which represents a novel fold for an effector of a GTP-binding protein. The interface between the two proteins involves a continuous antiparallel beta-sheet, similar to that found in other effector/G-protein complexes, such as Ras and Rap1A. Specific interactions unique to the RalA.Sec5 complex include Sec5 Thr11 and Arg27, and RalA Glu38, which we show are required for complex formation by isothermal titration calorimetry. Comparison of the structures of GppNHp- and GDP-bound RalA suggests a nucleotide-dependent switch mechanism for Sec5 binding. C1 Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Dept Neurol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, E300C,318 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 60 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 13 BP 3267 EP 3278 DI 10.1093/emboj/cdg329 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 697QD UT WOS:000183954000007 PM 12839989 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Han, S You, YH Chen, DJ Campisi, J AF Kim, SH Han, S You, YH Chen, DJ Campisi, J TI The human telomere-associated protein TIN2 stimulates interactions between telomeric DNA tracts in vitro SO EMBO REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CELLS; TRF1; SENESCENCE; LENGTH; DOMAIN; BINDS AB Human TIN2 interacts with the telomeric-DNA-binding protein TRF1, suppresses telomere elongation in telomerase-positive cells, and may control telomere length by modulating telomere structure. To test the latter idea, we developed an in vitro assay, using biotinylated telomeric DNA probes and streptavidin-agarose, to quantify the ability of TRF1 and TIN2 to stimulate interactions of telomeric DNA tracts with each other ( probe clustering). This assay revealed that TRF1 alone had weak probe-clustering activity, but TIN2 stimulated activity fivefold to tenfold. A dominant-negative TIN2 mutant protein that increased telomere length in vivo disrupted probe clusters formed by TRF1 and TIN2, suggesting that the ability to stimulate telomeric DNA interactions is important for telomere-length regulation. Unlike TRF1, TIN2 did not form homodimers. We propose that TIN2 alters the conformation of TRF1, which favours a tertiary telomeric structure that hinders telomerase from gaining access to telomeres. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Pfizer Global Res & Dev, EMS, MS4039 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG09909, AG18949, R37 AG009909, R01 AG018949] NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1469-221X J9 EMBO REP JI EMBO Rep. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 4 IS 7 BP 685 EP 691 DI 10.1038/sj.embor.embor872 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 699QR UT WOS:000184067900009 PM 12835755 ER PT J AU Akbari, H AF Akbari, H TI Measured energy savings from the application of reflective roofs in two small non-residential buildings SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Energy use and environmental parameters were monitored in two small (14.9 m(2)) non-residential buildings during the summer of 2000. The buildings were initially monitored for about 1 1/2 months to establish a base condition. The roofs of the buildings were then painted with a white coating and the monitoring was continued. The original solar reflectivities of the roofs were about 26%; after the application of roof coatings the reflectivities increased to about 72%. The monitored electricity savings were about 0.5 kWh per day (33 Wh/m(2) per day). The estimated annual savings are about 125 kWh per year (8.4 kWh/m(2)); at a cost of $0.1/kWh, savings are about $0.86/m(2) per year. Obviously, it costs significantly more than this amount to coat the roofs with reflective coating, particularly because of the remote locations of these buildings. However, since the pre-fabricated roofs are already painted green at the factory, painting them a white (reflective) color would bring no additional cost. Hence, a reflective roof saves energy at no incremental cost. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL PY 2003 VL 28 IS 9 BP 953 EP 967 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00032-X PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 670PH UT WOS:000182417100004 ER PT J AU Davis, WB Sanstad, AH Koomey, JG AF Davis, WB Sanstad, AH Koomey, JG TI Contributions of weather and fuel mix to recent declines in US energy and carbon intensity SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE energy consumption; carbon emissions; Divisia ID OECD COUNTRIES AB A recent (1996-2000) acceleration of declines in energy and carbon intensity in the US remains largely unexplained. This study uses Divisia decomposition and regression to test two candidate explanations-fuel mix and weather. The Divisia method demonstrates that fuel mix does not explain the declines in carbon intensity. The fuel mix, both overall and for electricity generation, became slightly more carbon intensive over the study period (though the slight trend reversed before the end of the period). A regression-based correction to the Divisia indices, accounting for variation in heating- and cooling-degree-days, indicates that warmer weather accounts for approximately 30% of the total declines. This leaves declines of more than 2% per year (and an acceleration of more than 1% over the previous decade) remaining to be explained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davis, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Energy Anal Dept, MS90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 25 IS 4 BP 375 EP 396 AR PII S0140-9883(02)00094-4 DI 10.1016/S0140-9883(02)00094-4 PG 22 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 689LQ UT WOS:000183495000007 ER PT J AU Akten, ED Siriwardane, R Sholl, DS AF Akten, ED Siriwardane, R Sholl, DS TI Monte Carlo simulation of single- and binary-component adsorption of CO2, N-2, and H-2 in zeolite Na-4A SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MIXTURES; SILICALITE; PREDICTION; HYDROGEN; CARBON; NA+-ZEOLITE-4A; DIFFUSION; ALKANES; SIEVES AB We present a molecular model for the adsorption of CO2, N-2, H-2, and their mixtures in dehydrated zeolite Na-4A. The interatomic potentials for this model were developed by comparing the results of grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of single-component adsorption at room temperature with experimental measurements. GCMC simulation is also used to assess the adsorption selectivity of CO2/N-2 and CO2/H-2 mixtures, as a function of temperature and gas-phase composition. At room temperature, Na-4A is strongly selective for CO2 over both N-2 and H-2, although this selectivity decreases slightly as the gas-phase pressure increases. Ideal adsorbed solution theory is shown to give accurate predictions of the adsorption selectivity at low CO2 partial pressures, provided that a functional form that accurately describes the CO2 single-component isotherm is used. The adsorption properties Of CO2/N-2 mixtures in Na-4A are compared to the same mixtures in silicalite. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009 NR 27 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 977 EP 983 DI 10.1021/ef0300038 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 703LT UT WOS:000184281400028 ER PT J AU Brown, AL Hames, BR Daily, JW Dayton, DC AF Brown, AL Hames, BR Daily, JW Dayton, DC TI Chemical analysis of solids and pyrolytic vapors from wildland trees SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HALEPENSIS PINE-NEEDLES; FUEL BURNOUT MODEL; FIRE SPREAD; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; BIOMASS COMPONENTS; BIO-POLYMERS; CELLULOSE; CALIBRATION; DEGRADATION; COMBUSTION AB The pyrolysis chemistry of tree samples from plants commonly found in the forests of the western United States is evaluated and compared with wet chemical analysis of the original material. Wood, leaves, bark, needles, reaction wood, and sticks are individually examined. Molecular beam sampling mass spectrometric detection of pyrolytic compounds at furnace settings of 500 degreesC with short residence times (on the order of 100 ms) permits mass spectral analysis of the chemical components in the primary decomposition regime. Multivariate analysis of the pyrolysis mass spectra yields three principal factors. One factor identifies leaf, needle, and bark samples and correlates well with the extractive content of the material; there is also a relationship between this factor and the ash content of the material. The other two factors separate hardwood and softwood samples; this distinction is based mainly on differences in the structure of lignin degradation products that are evident in the pyrolysis vapors. These measurements suggest that the extractives content of the fuel may be a natural chemical indicator that is useful for estimating the bulk pyrolysis chemistry in a way that can be practically implemented into wildland fire models. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Combust & Environm Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1022 EP 1027 DI 10.1021/ef020229v PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 703LT UT WOS:000184281400033 ER PT J AU Strazisar, BR Anderson, RR White, CM AF Strazisar, BR Anderson, RR White, CM TI Degradation pathways for monoethanolamine in a CO2 capture facility SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID POWER-PLANTS; FLUE-GAS; RECOVERY AB One of the highest priorities in carbon sequestration science is the development of techniques for CO2 separation and capture, because it is expected to account for the majority of the total cost (similar to75%). The most common currently used method of CO2 separation is reversible chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent. In the current study, solvent degradation from this technique was studied using degraded MEA samples from the IMC Chemicals Facility in Trona, California. A major pathway to solvent degradation that had not been previously observed in laboratory experiments has been identified. This pathway, which is initiated by oxidation of the solvent, is a much more significant source of solvent degradation than the previously identified carbamate dimerization mechanism. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Strazisar, BR (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 29 TC 208 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1039 DI 10.1021/ef020272i PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 703LT UT WOS:000184281400035 ER PT J AU Brown, RE Kooney, JG AF Brown, RE Kooney, JG TI Electricity use in California: past trends and present usage patterns SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE electricity demand; peak load; electricity end use; California AB This paper pros ides a general overview of electricity consumption and peak load in California. by both sector and end use. We examine the growth in electricity demand between 1980 and 2000. as well as the composition of electricity end uses in 1999. One of the main conclusions from this analysis is that electricity use in California in the 19908 did not grow explosively. nor was the amount of growth unanticipated. In both absolute and relative terms. growth in electricity use was greater in the 1980s than the 1990s. During the 1990s. most of the growth in electricity use has been in the buildings sector. particularly commercial buildings. In 2000. the building sector accounted for 2/3 of annual electricity consumption and 3/4 of the summer peak load. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Mail Stop 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 2003 VL 31 IS 9 BP 849 EP 864 AR PII S0301-4215(02)00129-5 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(02)00129-5 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 663UG UT WOS:000182024100004 ER PT J AU Khan, MR Jenkins, RG Somorjai, GA Heinemann, H AF Khan, MR Jenkins, RG Somorjai, GA Heinemann, H TI Effects of K and Ca additives in combination on swelling and plastic properties of coal and on the reactivity of the resulting char SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article ID GASIFICATION; GRAPHITE; BEHAVIOR; MIXTURE; CALCIUM; STEAM C1 Global Energy & Environm, Houston, TX 77215 USA. Univ Vermont, Coll Engn & Math, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Khan, MR (reprint author), Global Energy & Environm, POB 772626, Houston, TX 77215 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD JUL PY 2003 VL 25 IS 7 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1080/00908310390212354 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 686GK UT WOS:000183312900010 ER PT J AU Fan, JH McDowell, DL Horstemeyer, MF Gall, K AF Fan, JH McDowell, DL Horstemeyer, MF Gall, K TI Cyclic plasticity at pores and inclusions in cast Al-Si alloys SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fatigue; cast alloys; computational micromechanics; particle effects; pore effects ID MINIMUM ENERGY FORMALISM; SLIP BAND MODEL; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; SILICON PARTICLES; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; CRACK; LIFE AB Finite element analyses of micronotches including pores and silicon particles of an A356 aluminum alloy were performed to elucidate microstructure-property relations for fatigue crack incubation. Several important findings resulted. By varying the particle and pore size, spacing, aspect ratio, and clustering, the relative microstructural differences were quantified related to micronotch root cyclic plasticity. Results from realistic two-dimensional microstructures showed that minimal microstructure-scale cyclic plasticity corresponds well to the measured fatigue strength at 10(7) cycles for low porosity A356 aluminum alloy specimens. "Realistic" and idealized particles/pores simulations were used to formulate a local Coffin-Manson type law for crack incubation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Alfred Univ, Div Mech Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. Chongqing Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. Georgia Inst Technol, GWW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fan, JH (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Div Mech Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1281 EP 1302 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00097-8 PG 22 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 666TT UT WOS:000182193100004 ER PT J AU Smith, JG AF Smith, JG TI Recovery of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in a small stream after long-term discharges of fly ash SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE recovery; benthic macroinvertebrates; community structure; fly ash; biomonitoring; multivariate analysis; disturbance ID COAL ASH; HEADWATER STREAM; BIOACCUMULATION; COLONIZATION; SELENIUM; INVERTEBRATES; DISTURBANCE; EFFLUENT; PATTERNS AB Recovery of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in a small east Tennessee stream impacted by fly ash discharges from a power plant was investigated over a period of 6.5 years. The rate of recovery was greatest in the first 2 years after an initial 75% reduction in coal use led to a similar reduction in ash discharges and associated contaminants; further recovery followed after all fly ash discharges ceased. Recovery of the stream progressed through two phases. In the first phase, which lasted for approximately the first 2 years, most density and richness metrics increased considerably. In the second phase of recovery, the increases in metric values were followed by declines before fluctuating in and out of the lower reference ranges for the metrics. Detrended correspondence analyses and indicator species analyses showed that changes in species composition and community structure were ongoing throughout the second phase. Thus, the first phase was characterized by species additions, while the second phase involved species replacements and shifts in community dominants. Further recovery of the macroinvertebrate community will probably depend on additional flushing of fly ash deposits from the streambed and flood plain, because their continued presence reduces habitat quality in the stream and serves as a potential source of contaminants. Further recovery also may be limited by the availability of vagile species in nearby watersheds. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smith, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS-6038,Bldg 1505, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-2962-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731QE UT WOS:000185897300006 PM 14703914 ER PT J AU Crockett, AB White, GJ AF Crockett, AB White, GJ TI Mapping sediment contamination and toxicity in Winter Quarters Bay, Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; contamination; human impact; McMurdo Station; sediment; toxicity; Winter Quarters Bay ID MARINE POLLUTION; COMMUNITIES AB Winter Quarters Bay (WQB) is a small embayment located adjacent to McMurdo Station, the largest research base in Antarctica. The bay is approximately 250 m wide and long, with a maximum depth of 33 m. Historically, trash from the McMurdo Station was piled on the steep shoreline of WQB, doused with fuel and ignited. That practice has ceased, and the adjacent land area has been regraded to cover the residual waste. The bottom of WQB remains littered with drums, equipment, tanks, tires, cables, and other objects, especially the southeastern side of the bay where dumping took place. Sediments are contaminated with PCBs, metals, and hydrocarbon fuels. The objectives of this study were to map the distribution of organic contaminants in WQB, assess the toxicity of WQB sediments using a simple microbial test, and determine correlations between toxicity and contaminant levels. The study suggests that adverse ecological effects have occurred from one or more of the contaminants found in WQB but the source of the toxic impacts to bay sediments remains unknown. Whole sediment toxicity was only correlated with oil-equivalent while solvent extracts of sediments were correlated with PAHs and oil-equivalent. The authors recommend that an integrated research plan be developed that focuses on determining what additional information is needed to make informed decisions on possible remediation of WQB. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 85 IS 3 BP 257 EP 275 DI 10.1023/A:1023985827565 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 684JF UT WOS:000183201400003 PM 12841689 ER PT J AU Barton, JW Vodraska, CD Flanary, SA Davison, BH AF Barton, JW Vodraska, CD Flanary, SA Davison, BH TI Partitioning of BTEX constituents and chloroorganics in high-biomass systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th USC-TRG Conference on Biofiltration CY OCT 31-NOV 01, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP USC TRG ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; WATER; CHEMICALS; C1 AB Henry's Law controls mass transfer rates for sparingly soluble organics and/or lower inlet VOC concentrations within a biofilter. We report measurements of apparent Henry's Law partitioning values for benzene, toluene, TCE, and chloromethane in systems that contain varying levels of biomass. The apparent air/liquid partition constant for benzene decreased from 2.9 x 10(-3) atm m(3) mol(-1) to as low as 0.1 x 10(-3) atm m(3) mol(-1) when biomass, in the form of yeast, was added to aqueous batch systems containing benzene. The constant for toluene decreased from 6.4 x 10(-3) to 0.17 x 10(-3) atm m(3) mol(-1), For TCE, the air/liquid partition constant decreased from 0.013 atm m(3) mol(-1) to less than 0 00013 atm m(3) mol(-1). Experimentally measured partition values were also used to calculate intrinsic Pure biomass" partitioning constants, which can be used to interpolate behavior Apparent partitioning values for TCE were most heavily impacted by biomass levels, changing 41, two orders of magnitude. These data should allow other researchers to estimate and extrapolate the influence of biomass on their own biofiltration proccesses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barton, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1002/ep.670220211 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 719VP UT WOS:000185226000005 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH AF Huesemann, MH TI Recognizing the limits of environmental science and technology SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RENEWABLE ENERGY; POLLUTION; ENTROPY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 13 BP 259A EP 261A DI 10.1021/es032493o PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697ZT UT WOS:000183973700021 PM 12875384 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Kemner, KM Burris, DR AF O'Loughlin, EJ Kemner, KM Burris, DR TI Effects of Ag-I, Au-III, and Cu-II on the reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride by green rust SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENEOUS AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; ZERO-VALENT METALS; ALKYL-HALIDES; CORROSION PRODUCTS; MEDIATED REDUCTION; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; RAPID DECHLORINATION; CARBENE DIMERIZATION; HYDROMORPHIC SOILS AB Green rusts (GRs), mixed iron(II)/iron(III) hydroxide minerals found in many suboxic environments, have been shown to reduce a range of organic and inorganic contaminants, including several chlorinated hydrocarbons. Many studies have demonstrated the catalytic activity of transition metal species in the reduction of chlorinated hydrocarbons, suggesting the potential for enhanced reduction by GR in the presence of an appropriate transition metal catalyst. Reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride (CT) was examined in aqueous suspensions of GR amended with Ag-I, Au-III, or Cu-II. The CT reduction rates were greatly increased for systems amended with Cu-II, Au-III, and Ag-I (listed in order of increasing rates) relative to GR alone. Observed intermediates and products included chloroform, dichloromethane, chloromethane, methane, acetylene, ethene, ethane, carbon monoxide, tetrachloroethene, and various nonchlorinated C-3 and C-4 compounds. Product distributions for the reductive dechlorination of CT were highly dependent on the transition metal used, A reaction pathway scheme is proposed in which CT is reduced primarily to methane and other nonchlorinated end products, largely through a series of one-electron reductions forming radicals and carbenes/carbenoids. Recently, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of aqueous GR suspensions amended with Ag-I, Au-III, or Cull showed that the metals were reduced to their zerovalent forms. A possible mechanism for CT reduction is the formation of a galvanic couple involving the zerovalent metal and GR, with reduction of CT occurring on the surface of the metal and GR serving as the bulk electron source. The enhanced reduction of CT by GR suspensions amended with Ag-I, Au-III, or Cull may prove useful in the development of improved materials for remediation of chlorinated organic contaminants. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Integrated Sci & Technol Inc, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL MLQL, 139 Barnes Dr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529; NR 91 TC 68 Z9 75 U1 8 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 13 BP 2905 EP 2912 DI 10.1021/es030304w PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697ZT UT WOS:000183973700030 PM 12875393 ER PT J AU Cherepy, NJ Wildenschild, D AF Cherepy, NJ Wildenschild, D TI Electrolyte management for effective long-term electro-osmotic transport in low-permeability soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROKINETIC REMEDIATION; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINATED SOILS; REMOVAL; PHENANTHRENE; GROUNDWATER; TECHNOLOGY; SYSTEM; METALS; CLAY AB Electro-osmosis, a coupled-flow phenomenon in which an applied electrical potential gradient drives water flow, may be used to induce water flow through fine-grained sediments. Test cell measurements of electro-osmotic transport in clayey cores extracted from the 27-31 m depth range of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory site indicate the importance of pH control within the anode and cathode reservoirs. In our first experiment, pH was not controlled. As a result, carbonate precipitation and metals precipitation occurred near the cathode end of the core, with acidification near the anode. The combination of these acid and base reactions led to the decline of electro-osmotic flow by a factor of 2 in less than one pore volume. In a second experiment, long-term water transport (>21 pore volumes) at stable electro-osmotic conductivity (k(eo) similar to 1 x 10(-9) m(2)/s-V) was effected with anode reservoir pH > 8, and cathode reservoir pH < 6. Hydraulic conductivity (k(h)) of the same core was 4 x 10(-10) m/s under a 0.07 MPa hydraulic gradient without electro-osmosis. Stable electro-osmotic flow was measured at a velocity of 4 x 10(-7) m/s under a 4 V/cm voltage gradient, and no hydraulic gradient-3 orders of magnitude greater than the hydraulic flow. We also observed chloroform production in the anode reservoir, resulting from electrochemical production of chlorine gas reacting with trace organics. The chloroform was transported electro-osmotically to the cathode, without measurable loss to adsorption, volatilization, or degradation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Wildenschild, Dorthe/0000-0002-6504-7817 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 13 BP 3024 EP 3030 DI 10.1021/es026095h PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 697ZT UT WOS:000183973700047 PM 12875410 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, JW Hopkins, WA Roe, JH AF Snodgrass, JW Hopkins, WA Roe, JH TI Relationships among developmental stage, metamorphic timing, and concentrations of elements in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coal combustion waste; amphibians; trace elements; metamorphosis; larval period ID MICROTOX(R) BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY; COAL COMBUSTION WASTES; RELATIVE TOXICITY; ORAL DEFORMITIES; METAL-IONS; TADPOLES; TEMPERATURE; AMPHIBIANS; GROWTH; COSTS AB We collected bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) larvae from a coal combustion waste settling basin to investigate the effects of developmental stage and timing of metamorphosis on concentrations of a series of trace elements in bullfrog tissues. Bullfrogs at four stages of development (from no hind limbs to recently metamorphosed juveniles) and bullfrogs that metamorphosed in the fall or overwintered in the contaminated basin and metamorphosed in the spring were analyzed for whole-body concentrations of At, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ag, Sr, and Se. After the effects of dry mass were removed, tissue concentrations of six elements (At, V, Cr. Ni, Cu, As, and Pb) decreased from the late larval stage through metamorphosis. Decreases in concentrations through metamorphosis ranged from 40% for Cu to 97% for Al. Tissue concentrations of these elements were also similar or higher in spring; Al and Cr concentrations were 34 and 90% higher in the spring, respectively, whereas As, Ni, Cu, and Pb concentrations were <10% higher. Concentrations of Cd, Se, and Ag varied among seasons but not among stages; Cd and Ag concentrations were 40 and 62% lower, respectively, and Se concentrations were 21% higher in spring. Concentrations of Zn varied only among stages; concentrations decreased gradually through late larval stage and then increased through metamorphosis. Concentrations of Sr varied among stages, but this variation was dependent on the season. Concentrations of Sr were higher in larval stages during the spring, but because concentrations of Sr increased 122% through metamorphosis in the fall and only 22% in the spring, concentrations were higher in fall metamorphs when compared with spring metamorphs. Our results indicate that metamorphosis and season of metamorphosis affects trace element concentrations in bullfrogs and may have important implications for the health of juveniles and the transfer of pollutants from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment. C1 Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. RP Snodgrass, JW (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8000 York Rd, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016; OI Snodgrass, Joel/0000-0002-4436-8750 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1597 EP 1604 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)22<1597:RADSMT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CR UT WOS:000185639200024 PM 12836987 ER PT J AU Forestier, M King, P Zhang, LP Posewitz, M Schwarzer, S Happe, T Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M AF Forestier, M King, P Zhang, LP Posewitz, M Schwarzer, S Happe, T Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M TI Expression of two [Fe]-hydrogenases in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under anaerobic conditions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Abstract of Published Item DE green algae; anaerobic induction; hydrogenase; sulfur deprivation; gene expression ID CHLOROPLAST TRANSIT PEPTIDES; ALGA SCENEDESMUS-OBLIQUUS; GREEN-ALGA; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; FERMENTATIVE METABOLISM; IRON-HYDROGENASES; ONLY HYDROGENASES; EVOLUTION; OXYGEN AB We have isolated and characterized a second [Fe]-hydrogenase gene from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . The HydA2 gene encodes a protein of 505 amino acids that is 74% similar and 68% identical to the known HydA1 hydrogenase from C. reinhardtii. HydA2 contains all the conserved residues and motifs found in the catalytic core of the family of [Fe]-hydrogenases. We demonstrate that both the HydA1 and the HydA2 transcripts are expressed upon anaerobic induction, achieved either by neutral gas purging or by sulfur deprivation of the cultures. Furthermore, the expression levels of both transcripts are regulated (in some cases differently) by incubation conditions, such as the length of anaerobiosis, the readdition of O-2 , the presence of acetate, and/or the absence of nutrients such as sulfate during growth. Antibodies specific for HydA2 recognized a protein of about 49 kDa in extracts from anaerobically induced C. reinhardtii cells, strongly suggesting that HydA2 encodes for an expressed protein. Homology-based 3D modeling of the HydA2 hydrogenase shows that its catalytic site models well to the known structure of Clostridium pasteurianum CpI, including the H-2 -gas channel. The major differences between HydA1, HydA2 and CpI are the absence of the N-terminal Fe-S centers and the existence of extra sequences in the algal enzymes. To our knowledge, this work represents the first systematic study of expression of two algal [Fe]-hydrogenases in the same organism. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Biochem Pflanzen AG Photobiotechnol, D-4630 Bochum, Germany. RP Ghirardi, ML (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM maria_ghirardi@nrel.gov RI King, Paul/D-9979-2011 OI King, Paul/0000-0001-5039-654X NR 44 TC 142 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 270 IS 13 BP 2750 EP 2758 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03656 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 692YG UT WOS:000183687400006 PM 12823545 ER PT J AU Le Bail, A Stephens, PW Hubert, F AF Le Bail, A Stephens, PW Hubert, F TI A crystal structure for the souzalite/gormanite series from synchrotron powder diffraction data SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY LA English DT Article DE souzalite; gormanite; crystal structure; powder diffraction; synchrotron radiation ID REFINEMENT AB In absence of suitable single crystal due to polysynthetic twinning, the crystal structure of a specimen in the souzalite/gormanite series (Fe,Mg)(3)(Al,Fe)(4)(PO4)(4)(OH)(6).2H(2)O is determined ab initio from synchrotron powder diffraction data. The crystals belong to space group P (1) over bar, the cell is different from previously reported with a=7.2223(1), b=11.7801(1), c=5.1169(1) Angstrom; alpha=90.158(1), beta=109.938(1), gamma=81.330(1)degrees; V=404.02(1) Angstrom(3); Z=1. The structure consists of infinite chains of alternating [FeO6], [MgO6] and [AlO6] octahedra sharing faces and/or edges. These chains are connected by corners with clusters of three corner-sharing [AlO6] octahedra, forming octahedral layers which are interconnected by [PO4] groups. A comparison with other minerals of similar composition and structure is made (dufrenite, burangaite). C1 Univ Maine, Lab Fluorures, CNRS, UMR 6010, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Assoc Micro Monteurs Mineraux Montigny le Tilleul, B-6110 Montignies le Tilleul, Belgium. RP Le Bail, A (reprint author), Univ Maine, Lab Fluorures, CNRS, UMR 6010, Ave O Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France. RI Le Bail, Armel/B-2880-2008 OI Le Bail, Armel/0000-0002-6097-3635 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0935-1221 J9 EUR J MINERAL JI Eur. J. Mineral. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 15 IS 4 BP 719 EP 723 DI 10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0719 PG 5 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 708AZ UT WOS:000184545400013 ER PT J AU Turler, A Dullmann, CE Gaggeler, HW Kirbach, UW Yakushev, AB Schadel, M Bruchle, W Dressler, R Eberhardt, K Eichler, B Eichler, R Ginter, TN Glaus, F Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC Jager, E Jost, DT Lee, DM Nitsche, H Patin, JB Pershina, N Piguet, D Qin, Z Schausten, B Schimpf, E Schott, HJ Soverna, S Sudowe, R Thorle, P Timokhin, SN Trautmann, N Vahle, A Wirth, G Zielinski, PM AF Turler, A Dullmann, CE Gaggeler, HW Kirbach, UW Yakushev, AB Schadel, M Bruchle, W Dressler, R Eberhardt, K Eichler, B Eichler, R Ginter, TN Glaus, F Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC Jager, E Jost, DT Lee, DM Nitsche, H Patin, JB Pershina, N Piguet, D Qin, Z Schausten, B Schimpf, E Schott, HJ Soverna, S Sudowe, R Thorle, P Timokhin, SN Trautmann, N Vahle, A Wirth, G Zielinski, PM TI On the decay properties of (269)Hs and indications for the new nuclide (270)Hs SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID FISSION HALF-LIVES; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; GROUND-STATE; ALPHA-DECAY; HEAVY; ELEMENT-108; Z=108; SEPARATION; DISCOVERY AB In bombardments Of Cm-248 with 143.7-146.8 MeV Mg-26 ions the nuclides (269)Hs and presumably (270)Hs were produced. After chemical isolation, Its atoms were identified by observing genetically linked nuclear-decay chains. Three chains originating from (269)Hs confirmed the decay properties observed previously in the decay of (277) 112. Two chains exhibited the characteristics expected for the new nuclide (270)Hs, which was predicted to be a deformed "doubly magic" nucleus. From the measured E-alpha = 9.16(-0.03)(+0.07) MeV an alpha-decay half-life of 3.6(-1.4)(+0.8) s was estimated. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Inst Radiochem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Dept Biochem & Chem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna 141980, Russia. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Res Ctr Rossendorf EV, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Turler, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Inst Radiochem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM Andreas.Tuerler@radiochemie.de RI Eichler, Robert/G-5130-2011; Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 31 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1140/epja/i2002-10163-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719WK UT WOS:000185227900001 ER PT J AU Mazzocchi, C Badura, E Bingham, C Blank, B Chartier, M Geissel, H Giovinazzo, J Grodner, E Grzywacz, R Hellstrom, M Janas, Z Kurcewicz, J Lalleman, AS Mukha, I Munzenberg, G Pfutzner, M Plettner, C Roeckl, E Rykaczewski, KP Schmidt, K Simon, RS Stanoiu, M Thomas, JC AF Mazzocchi, C Badura, E Bingham, C Blank, B Chartier, M Geissel, H Giovinazzo, J Grodner, E Grzywacz, R Hellstrom, M Janas, Z Kurcewicz, J Lalleman, AS Mukha, I Munzenberg, G Pfutzner, M Plettner, C Roeckl, E Rykaczewski, KP Schmidt, K Simon, RS Stanoiu, M Thomas, JC TI Beta decay of Ni-50 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID PROTON-RICH NUCLEI; DRIP-LINE; FRAGMENTATION; STABILITY AB The very neutron-deficient isotope Ni-50 was produced in fragmentation reactions between a 650 . A MeV Ni-58 beam and a Be-9 target. For the first time the decay of this nucleus was investigated, leading to the determination of the half-life as 12(-2)(+3) ms and the branching ratio for beta-delayed proton emission of (70 +/- 20)%. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. ORNL, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. GANIL, F-14021 Caen, France. RP Mazzocchi, C (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. OI Mukha, Ivan/0000-0003-3072-5670 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 519 EP 521 DI 10.1140/epja/i2003-10052-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719WK UT WOS:000185227900004 ER PT J AU Ruhm, W Rugel, G Faestermann, T Knie, K Wallner, A Heisinger, B Nolte, E Marchetti, AA Martinelli, RE Carroll, KL Korschinek, G AF Ruhm, W Rugel, G Faestermann, T Knie, K Wallner, A Heisinger, B Nolte, E Marchetti, AA Martinelli, RE Carroll, KL Korschinek, G TI Cosmic-ray-induced Ni-63 - A potential confounder of fast-neutron-induced Ni-63 in copper samples from Hiroshima SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CASCADE-EXCITON MODEL; COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES; ATOMIC-BOMB; CAPTURE; MUONS; AMS; ATMOSPHERE; SPECTRUM; MAGNET AB Recently, the determination of Ni-63 in copper samples has been suggested as a means to assess fast-neutron fluences in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In those samples, Ni-63 (half-life: 100.07 years) was produced by MeV neutrons from the A-bomb explosions via the reaction Cu-63(n,p)Ni-63. For large distances from the hypocenters, cosmic-ray-induced production of Ni-63 might also be important and, therefore, it is calculated here. The effective probability integral* which is required to quantify the cosmic-ray-induced production by stopped muons, was measured, and a value of (12.6 +/- 1.6)% obtained. The cross-section for the cosmic-ray-induced production by fast muons was measured to be (0.64 +/- 0.33) mb, at a muon energy of 100 GeV. To validate the proposed method, cosmic-ray-induced production of P-32 in sulfur and of Ar-39 in granite was also calculated, and reasonable agreement with literature values was found. Our estimates indicate that as many as (4-5) . 10(3) Ni-63 nuclei per gram copper were produced in a sample that was exposed to cosmic. radiation in Hiroshima for about 80 years. A similar concentration due to A-bomb neutrons would be expected in Hiroshima at a distance from the hypocenter of about 1900 m. C1 Univ Munich, Inst Radiobiol, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Fac Phys, Maier Leibnitz Lab, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ruhm, W (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Radiobiol, Schillerstr 42, D-80336 Munich, Germany. RI Wallner, Anton/G-1480-2011; OI Wallner, Anton/0000-0003-2804-3670; Faestermann, Thomas/0000-0002-6603-8787 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1140/epja/i2003-10034-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 719WK UT WOS:000185227900015 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chiang, HC Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P CA HERMES Collaboration TI Double-spin asymmetries in the cross section of rho(0) and phi production at intermediate energies SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID VECTOR-MESON ELECTROPRODUCTION; PROTON SCATTERING; P(0) MESONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; POLARIZATION; POLARIMETER; STRANGENESS; HYDROGEN; NUCLEON; PHOTON AB Double-spin asymmetries in the cross section of electroproduction of rho(0) and phi mesons on the proton and deuteron are measured at the HERMES experiment. The photoabsorption asymmetry in exclusive rho(0) electroproduction on the proton exhibits a positive tendency. This is consistent with theoretical predictions that the exchange of an object with unnatural parity contributes to exclusive rho(0) electroproduction by transverse photons. The photoabsorption asymmetry on the deuteron is found to be consistent with zero. Double-spin asymmetries in rho(0) and phi meson electroproduction by quasi-real photons were also found to be consistent with zero; the asymmetry in the case of the phi meson is compatible with a theoretical prediction which involves ss knockout from the nucleon. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Fis Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. RP Airapetian, A (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01232-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 709TA UT WOS:000184639400002 ER PT J AU Abt, I Abyzov, A Adams, M Albrecht, H Amaral, V Amorim, A Aplin, SJ Arefiev, A Arino, I Atiya, M Aushev, V Bagaturia, Y Baghshetsyan, R Balagura, V Bargiotti, M Barsuk, S Barsukova, O Bassetti, V Bastos, J Bauer, C Bauer, TS Beck, M Belkov, A Belkov, A Belotelov, I Belyaev, I Berkhan, K Bertin, A Bobchenko, B Bocker, M Bogatyrev, A Bohm, G Borgmeier, C Brauer, M Broemmelsiek, D Brunisma, M Bruschi, M Buchholz, P Buchler, M Buran, T Capeans, M Capponi, M Carvalho, J Chamanina, J Chen, BX Chistov, R Chmeissani, M Christensen, A Conde, P Cruse, C Dam, M Danielsen, KM Danilov, M De Castro, S Deckers, H Dehmelt, K Deppe, H Dolgoshein, B Dong, X Dreis, HB Dressel, M Dujmic, D Eckmann, R Egorytchev, V Ehret, K Eiges, V Eisele, F Emeliyanov, D Erhan, S Essenov, S Fabbri, L Faccioli, P Fallot-Burghardt, W Feuerstack-Raible, M Flammer, J Fleckenstein, H Fominykh, B Fourletov, S Fuljahn, T Funcke, M Galli, D Garcia, A Garrido, L Gascon, D Gellrich, A Gerndt, KEK Giacobbe, B Glass, J Glebe, T Goloubkov, D Golutvin, A Golutvin, I Gorbounov, I Gorisek, A Gouchtchine, O Goulart, DC Gradl, S Gradl, W Guilitsky, Y Hamacher, T Hansen, JD Harr, R Hast, C Hausmann, S Hernandez, JM Hildebrandt, M Holscher, A Hopfner, K Hofmann, W Hohlmann, M Hott, T Hulsbergen, W Husemann, U Igonkina, O Ispiryan, M Issever, S Itterbeck, H Ivarsson, J Jagla, T Jia, Y Jiang, C Kaoukher, A Kapitza, H Karabekyan, S Karchin, P Karpenko, N Ke, Z Keller, S Khasanov, F Kim, H Kiryushin, Y Kisel, I Klefenz, F Knopfle, KT Kochetkov, V Kolanoski, H Korpar, S Krauss, C Kreuzer, P Krizan, P Krucker, D Kvaratskheliia, T Lange, A Lanyov, A Lau, K Leffers, G Legrand, I Lewendel, B Liu, YQ Lohse, T Loke, R Lomonosov, B Ludemann, J Manner, R Mankel, R Marconi, U Masciocchi, S Massa, I Matchikhilian, I Medin, G Medinnis, M Mevius, M Michetti, A Mikhailov, Y Miquel, R Mizuk, R Mohapatra, A Moshkin, A Moshous, B Muresan, R Nam, S Negodaev, M Negri, I Norenberg, M Nowak, S de Vera, MTNP Oest, T Oliveira, A Ouchrif, M Ould-Saada, F Padilla, C Pakhlov, P Pavlenko, Y Peralta, D Pernack, R Perschke, T Pestotnik, R Petersen, BAA Piccinini, M Pleier, MA Poli, M Popov, V Pose, A Pose, D Potashnikova, I Pugatch, V Pylypchenko, Y Pyrlik, J Ramachandran, S Ratnikov, F Reeves, K Ressing, D Riechmann, K Rieling, J Rietz, M Riu, I Robmann, P Rosen, J Rothe, C Ruckstuhl, W Rusinov, V Rybnikov, V Ryzhikov, D Saadi-Ludemann, F Samtleben, D Sanchez, F Sang, M Saveliev, V Sbrizzi, A Schaller, S Schlein, P Schmelling, M Schmidt, B Schmidt, S Schmidt-Parzefall, W Schreiner, A Schroder, H Schultz, HD Schwanke, U Schwartz, AJ Schwarz, AS Schwenninger, B Schwingenheuer, B Schwitters, R Sciacca, F Semenov, S Semprini-Cesari, N Sexauer, E Seybold, L Shiu, J Shuvalov, S Siccama, I Skrk, D Sozuer, L Soldatov, A Solunin, S Somov, A Somov, S Souvorov, V Spahn, M Spengler, J Spighi, R Spiridonov, A Spratte, S Stanovnik, A Staric, M Stdenis, R Stegmann, C Steinbeck, S Steinkamp, O Stieler, D Straumann, U Sun, F Sun, H Symalla, M Takach, S Tesch, N Thurn, H Tikhomirov, I Titov, M Trunk, U Truol, P Tsakov, I Uwer, U Vagnoni, V van Eldik, C van Staa, R Vassiliev, Y Villa, M Vitale, A Vukotic, I Wagner, G Wagner, W Wahlberg, H Walenta, AH Walter, M Walter, T Wang, JJ Wang, YM Wanke, R Wegener, D Werthenbach, U Weyers, PJ Wolters, H Wurth, R Wurz, A Xella-Hansen, S Yang, J Zaitsev, Y Zavertyaev, M Zech, G Zeuner, T Zhelezov, A Zheng, Z Zhu, Z Zimmermann, R Zivko, T Zoccoli, A Zweizig, J AF Abt, I Abyzov, A Adams, M Albrecht, H Amaral, V Amorim, A Aplin, SJ Arefiev, A Arino, I Atiya, M Aushev, V Bagaturia, Y Baghshetsyan, R Balagura, V Bargiotti, M Barsuk, S Barsukova, O Bassetti, V Bastos, J Bauer, C Bauer, TS Beck, M Belkov, A Belkov, A Belotelov, I Belyaev, I Berkhan, K Bertin, A Bobchenko, B Bocker, M Bogatyrev, A Bohm, G Borgmeier, C Brauer, M Broemmelsiek, D Brunisma, M Bruschi, M Buchholz, P Buchler, M Buran, T Capeans, M Capponi, M Carvalho, J Chamanina, J Chen, BX Chistov, R Chmeissani, M Christensen, A Conde, P Cruse, C Dam, M Danielsen, KM Danilov, M De Castro, S Deckers, H Dehmelt, K Deppe, H Dolgoshein, B Dong, X Dreis, HB Dressel, M Dujmic, D Eckmann, R Egorytchev, V Ehret, K Eiges, V Eisele, F Emeliyanov, D Erhan, S Essenov, S Fabbri, L Faccioli, P Fallot-Burghardt, W Feuerstack-Raible, M Flammer, J Fleckenstein, H Fominykh, B Fourletov, S Fuljahn, T Funcke, M Galli, D Garcia, A Garrido, L Gascon, D Gellrich, A Gerndt, KEK Giacobbe, B Glass, J Glebe, T Goloubkov, D Golutvin, A Golutvin, I Gorbounov, I Gorisek, A Gouchtchine, O Goulart, DC Gradl, S Gradl, W Guilitsky, Y Hamacher, T Hansen, JD Harr, R Hast, C Hausmann, S Hernandez, JM Hildebrandt, M Holscher, A Hopfner, K Hofmann, W Hohlmann, M Hott, T Hulsbergen, W Husemann, U Igonkina, O Ispiryan, M Issever, S Itterbeck, H Ivarsson, J Jagla, T Jia, Y Jiang, C Kaoukher, A Kapitza, H Karabekyan, S Karchin, P Karpenko, N Ke, Z Keller, S Khasanov, F Kim, H Kiryushin, Y Kisel, I Klefenz, F Knopfle, KT Kochetkov, V Kolanoski, H Korpar, S Krauss, C Kreuzer, P Krizan, P Krucker, D Kvaratskheliia, T Lange, A Lanyov, A Lau, K Leffers, G Legrand, I Lewendel, B Liu, YQ Lohse, T Loke, R Lomonosov, B Ludemann, J Manner, R Mankel, R Marconi, U Masciocchi, S Massa, I Matchikhilian, I Medin, G Medinnis, M Mevius, M Michetti, A Mikhailov, Y Miquel, R Mizuk, R Mohapatra, A Moshkin, A Moshous, B Muresan, R Nam, S Negodaev, M Negri, I Norenberg, M Nowak, S de Vera, MTNP Oest, T Oliveira, A Ouchrif, M Ould-Saada, F Padilla, C Pakhlov, P Pavlenko, Y Peralta, D Pernack, R Perschke, T Pestotnik, R Petersen, BAA Piccinini, M Pleier, MA Poli, M Popov, V Pose, A Pose, D Potashnikova, I Pugatch, V Pylypchenko, Y Pyrlik, J Ramachandran, S Ratnikov, F Reeves, K Ressing, D Riechmann, K Rieling, J Rietz, M Riu, I Robmann, P Rosen, J Rothe, C Ruckstuhl, W Rusinov, V Rybnikov, V Ryzhikov, D Saadi-Ludemann, F Samtleben, D Sanchez, F Sang, M Saveliev, V Sbrizzi, A Schaller, S Schlein, P Schmelling, M Schmidt, B Schmidt, S Schmidt-Parzefall, W Schreiner, A Schroder, H Schultz, HD Schwanke, U Schwartz, AJ Schwarz, AS Schwenninger, B Schwingenheuer, B Schwitters, R Sciacca, F Semenov, S Semprini-Cesari, N Sexauer, E Seybold, L Shiu, J Shuvalov, S Siccama, I Skrk, D Sozuer, L Soldatov, A Solunin, S Somov, A Somov, S Souvorov, V Spahn, M Spengler, J Spighi, R Spiridonov, A Spratte, S Stanovnik, A Staric, M Stdenis, R Stegmann, C Steinbeck, S Steinkamp, O Stieler, D Straumann, U Sun, F Sun, H Symalla, M Takach, S Tesch, N Thurn, H Tikhomirov, I Titov, M Trunk, U Truol, P Tsakov, I Uwer, U Vagnoni, V van Eldik, C van Staa, R Vassiliev, Y Villa, M Vitale, A Vukotic, I Wagner, G Wagner, W Wahlberg, H Walenta, AH Walter, M Walter, T Wang, JJ Wang, YM Wanke, R Wegener, D Werthenbach, U Weyers, PJ Wolters, H Wurth, R Wurz, A Xella-Hansen, S Yang, J Zaitsev, Y Zavertyaev, M Zech, G Zeuner, T Zhelezov, A Zheng, Z Zhu, Z Zimmermann, R Zivko, T Zoccoli, A Zweizig, J CA HERA-B Collaboration TI Inclusive V-0 production cross sections from 920 GeV fixed target proton-nucleus collisions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID STRANGE-PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; HERA-B EXPERIMENT; PI-P INTERACTIONS; 205 GEV-C; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON; HYPERON PRODUCTION; LAMBDA PRODUCTION; VERTEX DETECTOR; 300-GEV PROTONS; DEPENDENCE AB Inclusive differential cross sections dsigma(pA)/dx(F) and dsigma(pA)/dp(t)(2) for the production of K-S(0), Lambda, and (Lambda) over bar particles are measured at HERA in proton-induced reactions on C, Al, Ti, and W targets. The incident beam energy is 920 GeV, corresponding to roots = 41.6 GeV in the proton-nucleon system. The ratios of differential cross sections dsigma(pA)(K-S(0))/dsigma(pA)(Lambda) and dsigma(pA)((Lambda) over bar)/dsigma(pA) (Lambda) are measured to be 6.2 +/- 0.5 and 0.66 +/- 0.07, respectively, for x(F) approximate to -0.06. No significant dependence upon the target material is observed. Within errors, the slopes of the transverse momentum distributions da,Ald t also show no significant dependence upon the target material. The dependence of the extrapolated total cross sections sigma(pA) on the atomic mass A of the target material is discussed, and the deduced cross sections per nucleon sigma(pN) are compared with results obtained at other energies. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Phys, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Tsinghua Univ, Inst Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. LIP Coimbra & Lisboa, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Univ Maribor, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Lund Univ, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-057068 Siegen, Germany. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Abt, I (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. RI Villa, Mauro/C-9883-2009; Egorychev, Victor/H-1076-2014; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/G-4346-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Zavertyaev, Mikhail/M-6844-2015; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Pakhlov, Pavel/K-2158-2013; Danilov, Mikhail/C-5380-2014; Gascon, David/L-8464-2014; Mizuk, Roman/B-3751-2014; Amaral, Vasco/A-7031-2010; Sanchez, Federico/F-5809-2012; Chistov, Ruslan/B-4893-2014; Golutvin, Andrey/R-8166-2016; Golubkov, Dmitry/E-4881-2017; Marconi, Umberto/J-2263-2012; van Eldik, Christopher/C-3901-2013; Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Abyzov, Alexej/M-4284-2013; Wolters, Helmut/M-4154-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; Fabbri, Laura/H-3442-2012; Schmidt, Soren/B-1483-2010; Muresan, Raluca-Anca/C-3725-2011; Galli, Domenico/A-1606-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Dressel, Martin/D-3244-2012 OI Villa, Mauro/0000-0002-9181-8048; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/0000-0002-2287-4791; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; Pakhlov, Pavel/0000-0001-7426-4824; Danilov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9227-5164; Gascon, David/0000-0001-9607-6154; Amaral, Vasco/0000-0003-3791-5151; Sanchez, Federico/0000-0003-0320-3623; Chistov, Ruslan/0000-0003-1439-8390; Golubkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-6216-1596; Belyaev, Ivan/0000-0002-7458-7030; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Marconi, Umberto/0000-0002-5055-7224; van Eldik, Christopher/0000-0001-9669-645X; Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Wolters, Helmut/0000-0002-9588-1773; Fabbri, Laura/0000-0002-4002-8353; Schmidt, Soren/0000-0002-8694-2044; Galli, Domenico/0000-0003-2375-6030; NR 65 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2003 VL 29 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01200-y PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 709TA UT WOS:000184639400003 ER PT J AU Benayoun, M David, P DelBuono, L Leruste, P O'Connell, HB AF Benayoun, M David, P DelBuono, L Leruste, P O'Connell, HB TI The pion form factor within the hidden local symmetry model SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; DYNAMICAL GAUGE BOSONS; VECTOR-MESON-DOMINANCE; HADRONIC TAU-DECAYS; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; PSEUDOSCALAR MESONS; RHO-MESON; ONE-LOOP; OMEGA; SCATTERING AB We analyze a pion form factor formulation which fulfills the Analyticity requirement within the Hidden Local Symmetry (HLS) Model. This implies an s-dependent dressing of the rho - gamma VMD coupling and an account of several coupled channels. The corresponding function F(pi)(s) provides nice fits of the pion form factor data from s = -0.25 to s = 1 GeV(2). It is shown that the coupling to K (K) over bar has little effect, while omegapi(0) improves significantly the fit probability below the phi mass. No need for additional states like rho(1450) shows up in this invariant-mass range. All parameters, except for the subtraction polynomial coefficients, are fixed from the rest of the HLS phenomenology. The fits show consistency with the expected behaviour of F(pi)(s) at s = 0 up to O(s(2)) and with the phase shift data on delta(1)(1)(s) from threshold to somewhat above the phi mass. The omega sector is also examined in relation with recent data from CMD-2. C1 CERN, Lab Europeen Rech Nucl, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, IN2P3, Paris, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Benayoun, M (reprint author), CERN, Lab Europeen Rech Nucl, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. OI O'Connell, Heath/0000-0002-1895-5310 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 397 EP 411 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2003-01234-1 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 703UH UT WOS:000184299100009 ER PT J AU Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A Shenoy, SR AF Bishop, AR Lookman, T Saxena, A Shenoy, SR TI Elasticity-driven nanoscale texturing in complex electronic materials SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE PEROVSKITES; PHASE-SEPARATION; CUO2 PLANE; ISOTOPE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TEMPERATURE; MANGANITES; MODEL AB Fine-scale probes of many complex electronic materials have revealed a nonuniform nanoworld of sign-varying textures in strain, charge and magnetization, forming meandering ribbons, stripe segments or droplets. We introduce and simulate a Ginzburg-Landau model for a structural transition, with strains coupling to charge and magnetization. Charge doping acts as a local stress that deforms surrounding unit cells without generating defects. This seemingly innocuous constraint of elastic "compatibility" in fact induces crucial anisotropic long-range forces of unit cell discrete symmetry, that interweave opposite-sign competing strains to produce polaronic elasto-magnetic textures in the composite variables. Simulations with random local doping below the solid-solid transformation temperature reveal rich multiscale texturing from induced elastic fields: nanoscale phase separation, mesoscale intrinsic inhomogeneities, textural cross-coupling to external stress and magnetic field, and temperature-dependent percolation. We describe how this composite textured polaron concept can be valuable for doped manganites, cuprates and other complex electronic materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. RP Bishop, AR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 63 IS 2 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-00522-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 700EF UT WOS:000184099100020 ER PT J AU Picut, CA Aoyama, H Holder, JW Gold, LS Maronpot, RR Dixon, D AF Picut, CA Aoyama, H Holder, JW Gold, LS Maronpot, RR Dixon, D TI Bromoethane, chloroethane and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays: pathology and incidence data revisited SO EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethylene oxide; bromoethane; chloroethane; ethyl chloride; ethyl bromide; epigenetic; glutathione conjugation; Estrogen Receptor (ER); uterine cancer; animal cancer test; mouse uterus ID SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; CARCINOGENS; METABOLISM; CHLORIDE AB Chloroethane, bromoethane and ethylene oxide represent a unique set of chemicals that induce endometrial neoplasms in the uterus of B6C3F1 mice following an inhalation route of exposure. The results of the NTP's chronic bioassays with these three compounds resulted in an unusually high incidence of uterine epithelial neoplasms in B6C3F1 mice (chloroethane 86%, bromoethane 56%) and a lower incidence for ethylene oxide (10%). The uterine neoplasms were classified as adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas for bromoethane, and as adenocarcinomas for both chloroethane and ethylene oxide. The adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were invasive into the myometrium and the serosa, and metastasized to a wide variety of organs. Metastatic sites included most commonly the lung, lymph nodes, and ovary at unusually high rates of metastases (79% for chloroethane and 38% for bromoethane). Because of the dramatically high rates of uterine neoplasms (induced by chemicals given by the inhalation route) and metastases, a re-evaluation of the pathology and incidence data was undertaken. The earlier results were confirmed. The mechanism of uterine carcinogenesis by chloroethane, bromoethane and ethylene oxide is unclear. C1 NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, DHHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Biotech Inc, Hillsborough, NC USA. Inst Environm Toxicol, Lab Reprod Toxicol, Ibaraki, Japan. Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Washington, DC USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dixon, D (reprint author), NIEHS, Lab Expt Pathol, NIH, DHHS, POB 12233,MDC2-09, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-AC-03-76FO0098]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO1896] NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0940-2993 J9 EXP TOXICOL PATHOL JI Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1078/0940-2993-00303 PG 9 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 712PG UT WOS:000184805600001 PM 12940622 ER PT J AU Congdon, JD Nagle, RD Kinney, OM Sels, RCV AF Congdon, JD Nagle, RD Kinney, OM Sels, RCV TI Testing hypotheses of aging in long-lived painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Organisms with Slow Aging (SOSA-2) CY JAN 17-18, 2003 CL UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFRONIA, LOS ANGELES, CA HO UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFRONIA DE aging; Chrysemys picta; longevity; painted turtle; reproduction; senescence ID NATURAL-SELECTION; CHICKEN TURTLE; SURVIVORSHIP; POPULATION; SENESCENCE; MICHIGAN; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; DEMOGRAPHY; MOVEMENTS AB For 38 of the past 50 years, Painted Turtles were studied on the University of Michigan's E.S. George Reserve in southeastern Michigan. We compared age specific body sizes, reproductive traits and survival of Painted Turtles ranging from 9 to 61 years of age to test contrasting predictions of the Relative Reproductive Rate and Senescence Hypotheses of aging. Indeterminate growth (i.e. continued body growth of adults) was important in increasing reproductive output of older turtles; however, growth rate of the oldest age-group was reduced compared to that of younger adults. Although clutch size and among year reproductive frequency did not increase with age, within year reproductive frequency (production of second clutches), egg size, and hatchling size did. Nest predation rates and the proportion of surviving nests that produced hatchlings were similar among age groups, and embryo mortality in nests was not related to age. Survivorship of males was less than that of females, and survivorship of the oldest group of females was not statistically different from that of a younger group of females. No decline in reproductive output or survivorship was detected in the oldest females as predicted by the Senescence Hypothesis. Thus, the majority of data on reproductive traits and survivorship support the Relative Reproductive Rate Hypothesis. We also compared Painted Turtles to Blanding's Turtles, another species studied on the E.S. George Reserve. That Painted Turtles exhibit indeterminate growth whereas Blanding's Turtles do not, appears to be a primary mechanism for some differences between species in the relationships between reproductive traits and age. An important mechanism for increasing reproductive output in both species was increased reproductive frequency in older females. Painted Turtles also increased offspring quality (egg and hatchling size) with age, whereas Blanding's Turtles did not. Compared to younger individuals, there was no reduction in survivorship in the oldest Painted Turtles and survivorship increased in the oldest Blanding's Turtles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. Darlington Sch, Rome, GA 30161 USA. Red Mt High Sch, Mesa, AZ 85207 USA. Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Congdon, JD (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM congdon@srel.edu NR 44 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 7 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(03)00106-2 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 706KG UT WOS:000184452400011 PM 12855285 ER PT J AU Davy, M Williams, P Han, D Steeper, R AF Davy, M Williams, P Han, D Steeper, R TI Evaporation characteristics of the 3-pentanone-isooctane binary system SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; COMBUSTION; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; DENSITY; ACETONE AB The results of a numerical and experimental investigation into the evaporation characteristics of the 3-pentanone-isooctane binary system are presented. The behaviour of the system is shown to be nonideal, exhibiting positive deviations from Raoult's law. Thus, the evaporation characteristics of 3-pentanone-isooctane mixtures are shown-to be controlled by the relative mole fractions of the two components contained within the liquid phase. The preferential evaporation of 3-pentanone from mixtures containing low concentrations of 3-pentanone is predicted numerically and is confirmed experimentally. The implications of this result with respect to the use of 3-pentanone as a fluorescence marker for isooctane fuel in engine research are discussed at length. The influence high 3-pentanone concentrations on the atomisation behaviour and the optical depth of 3-pentanone-isooctane mixtures is predicted and discussed. C1 UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London WC1E 7JE, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Davy, M (reprint author), UCL, Dept Mech Engn, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England. EM m_davy@meng.ucl.ac.uk NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD JUL PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1007/s00348-003-0639-4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 711ZV UT WOS:000184771700011 ER PT J AU Dullin, HR Gottwald, GA Holm, DD AF Dullin, HR Gottwald, GA Holm, DD TI Camassa-Holm, Korteweg-de Vries-5 and other asymptotically equivalent equations for shallow water waves SO FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID KORTEWEG-DEVRIES EQUATION; SOLITARY WAVES; BILLIARD SOLUTIONS; NONLINEAR-WAVES; PEAKED SOLITONS; SURFACE-TENSION; PDES; GEOMETRY; GRAVITY; PEAKONS AB We derive the Camassa-Holm equation (CH) as a shallow water wave equation with surface tension in an asymptotic expansion that extends one order beyond the Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV). We show that CH is asymptotically equivalent to KdV5 (the fifth-order integrable equation in the KdV hierarchy) by using the non-linear/non-local transformations introduced in Kodama (Phys. Lett. A 107 (1985a) 245; Phys. Lett. A 112 (1985b) 193; Phys. Lett. A 123 (1987) 276). We also classify its travelling wave solutions as a function of Bond number by using phase plane analysis. Finally, we discuss the experimental observability of the CH solutions. (C) 2003 Published by The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics and Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Dullin, HR (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Math Sci, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RI Dullin, Holger/B-2808-2008; Gottwald, Georg/K-7157-2012; OI Dullin, Holger/0000-0001-6617-196X; Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 38 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5983 J9 FLUID DYN RES JI Fluid Dyn. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0169-5983(03)00046-7 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 694XA UT WOS:000183799400006 ER PT J AU Annamalai, K Sweeten, J Freeman, M Mathur, M O'Dowd, W Walbert, G Jones, S AF Annamalai, K Sweeten, J Freeman, M Mathur, M O'Dowd, W Walbert, G Jones, S TI Co-firing of coal and cattle feedlot biomass (FB) fuels, part III: fouling results from a 500,000 BTU/h pilot plant scale boiler burner SO FUEL LA English DT Article AB Part I of the paper presented a methodology for fuel collection, fuel characteristics of the 1713, its relation to ration fed, and the change in fuel characteristics and volatile oxides due to composting. The bench scale experiments with 30 kW(t) (100,000 BTU/h) facility revealed better combustion for coal: 1713 blends (90: 10) than for coal alone and the NOx emission were slightly less with the blend (Part II). Part III concerns with larger-scale (pilot plant) experiments conducted at the 150 kWt (150,0000 BTU/h) Combustion and Environmental Research Facility (CERF) of the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Only fouling part of the results are reported in part III. The 90: 10 coal:FB blend resulted in almost twice the ash output compared to coal and ash deposits on heat exchanger tubes that were more difficult to remove than baseline coal ash deposits. The increased fouling behavior with blend is probably due to the higher ash loading and ash composition of FB. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Amarillo, TX USA. DOE Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Parsons Infrastruct & Technol Inc, Library, PA USA. X Cel Energy, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Annamalai, K (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUL PY 2003 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(03)00025-5 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 679YP UT WOS:000182949800004 ER PT J AU Bae, YS Paek, CH Rhee, MJ Namkung, W Cho, MH Bernabei, S Park, H AF Bae, YS Paek, CH Rhee, MJ Namkung, W Cho, MH Bernabei, S Park, H TI Design of 5.0-GHz KSTAR lower-hybrid coupler SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Review DE KSTAR; LHCD; Tokamak; guidelet AB The Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak is being constructed to perform long-pulse, high-beta, advanced tokamak fusion physics experiments by Korean Basic Science Institute (KBSI). The KSTAR tokamak will use the non-inductive plasma current drive system, lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) system for lone-pulse operation. A 5.0-GHz microwave coupler is designed for KSTAR LHCD experiments. Four high-power klystrons feed 128 guidelets at front coupler using hundred and twenty 3-dB power dividers including 3-dB power splitters in the coupler. The guidelet has a height of 5.5 cm and the width of 0.55 cm in order for the power flux density not to exceed 4.0 kW/cm(2) at the guidelet. The coupler is constructed by laminating a stack of metal plates milled to waveguide patterns. This paper describes detailed design for the 3-dB power splitter, the fixed-phase shifter, and the taper section composing the coupler. Using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) program, we achieved a phase difference of +/-0.5degrees and a relative power difference less than 0.2% between two vertical guidelets. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bae, YS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 65 IS 4 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00388-5 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 718EY UT WOS:000185133200008 ER PT J AU Stoller, RE AF Stoller, RE TI Preface - 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200002 ER PT J AU Moses, EI AF Moses, EI TI The National Ignition Facility: Status and plans for the experimental program SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8-Megajoule, 500-Terawatt, 351-nm laser system and a 10-meter diameter target chamber with room for nearly 100 experimental diagnostics. NIF is being built by the National Nuclear Security Administration and when completed will be the world's largest laser experimental system, providing a national center to study inertial confinement fusion and the physics of matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. NIFs 192 energetic laser beams will compress fusion targets to conditions where they will ignite and burn, liberating more energy than required to initiate the fusion reactions. NIF experiments will allow the study of physical processes at temperatures approaching 100 million K and 100 billion times atmospheric pressure. These conditions exist naturally only in the interior of stars and in nuclear weapons explosions. In the course of designing the world's most energetic laser system, a number of significant technology breakthroughs have been achieved. NIF is now entering the first phases of its laser commissioning program. Low-energy preamplifier rod laser shots have been successfully propagated through the entire laser chain. Higher energy shots are planned through the end of 2002. NIFs target experimental systems are also being installed in preparationfor laser performance and experimental capability commissioning starting in 2003. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-466, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200004 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, N Minervini, J Okuno, K Salpiero, E Filatov, O AF Martovetsky, N Minervini, J Okuno, K Salpiero, E Filatov, O TI Current status and future technical challenges for tokamak magnets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE superconducting magnets; Cable-in-Conduit; conductors; losses; superconductor magnets ID MODEL COIL AB Magnet technology for fusion in the last decade has been focusing mostly on the development of magnets for tokamaks - the most advanced fusion concept at the moment. The largest and the most complex tokamak under development is ITER. To demonstrate adequate design approaches to large magnets for ITER and to develop industrial capabilities, two large model coils and three insert coils, all using full-scale conductor, were built and tested by the international collaboration during 1994-2002. The status of the magnet technology and directions of future developments are discussed in this paper. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. MIT, PSFC, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. JAERI, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NIIEFA, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. RP Martovetsky, N (reprint author), LLNL, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200005 ER PT J AU Meier, WR Raffray, AR Abdel-Khalik, SI Kulcinski, GL Latkowski, JF Najmabadi, F Olson, CL Peterson, PF Ying, A Yoda, M AF Meier, WR Raffray, AR Abdel-Khalik, SI Kulcinski, GL Latkowski, JF Najmabadi, F Olson, CL Peterson, PF Ying, A Yoda, M TI IFE chamber technology - Status and future challenges SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID REACTOR; DESIGN AB Significant progress has been made on addressing critical issues for inertial fusion energy (IFE) chambers for heavy-ion, laser and Z-pinch drivers. A variety of chamber concepts are being investigated including dry-wall (currently favored for laser IFE), wetted-wall (applicable to both laser and ion drivers), and thick-liquid-wall (favored by heavy ion and z-pinch drivers). Recent progress and remaining challenges in developing IFE chambers are reviewed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-641, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200006 ER PT J AU Latkowski, JF Reyes, S Cadwallader, LC Sharpe, JP Marshall, TD Merrill, BJ Moore, RL Petti, DA Falquina, R Rodriguez, A Sanz, J Cabellos, O AF Latkowski, JF Reyes, S Cadwallader, LC Sharpe, JP Marshall, TD Merrill, BJ Moore, RL Petti, DA Falquina, R Rodriguez, A Sanz, J Cabellos, O TI Status of safety & environmental activities for inertial fusion energy SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID POWER-PLANT DESIGN; IFE TARGET FABRICATION; HYLIFE-II AB Over the past several years, significant progress has been made in the analysis of safety and environmental (S&E) issues for inertial fusion energy (IFE). Detailed safety assessments have been performed for the baseline power plant concepts, as well as for a conceptual target fabrication facility. Safety analysis results are helping to drive the agenda for experiments. A survey of the S&E characteristics-both radiological and chemical-of candidate target materials has been completed. Accident initiating events have been identified and incorporated into master logic diagrams, which will be essential to the detailed safety analyses that will be needed in the future. Studies of aerosol generation and transport will have important safety implications. A Monte Carlo-based uncertainty analysis procedure has been developed for use in neutron activation calculations. Finally, waste management issues are receiving increased attention and are deserving of further discussion. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dept Power Engn, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. UPM, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid, Spain. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mailstop L-641, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200007 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW AF Johnson, DW TI New directions in fusion plasma diagnostic development SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID TOKAMAK AB Diagnostic development is an important and vital part of the fusion program. There is close coupling between the physics needs for measurements and the diagnostic development that receives funding. This paper gives brief technical descriptions of ongoing developments in a few areas currently receiving attention. These areas include T, diagnostics, j(R) diagnostics applicable to new regimes, and diagnostics to probe edge and core turbulence. The underlying physics motivation and enabling technologies involved in these developments are also mentioned A brief status of diagnostic work in support of a burning plasma experiment (BPX) is also described, since this effort may become more significant worldwide. Several diagnostic R&D topics, identified as crucial for a BPX, are discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM djohnson@pppl.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200009 ER PT J AU Sviatoslavsky, IN Sawan, ME Majumdar, S AF Sviatoslavsky, IN Sawan, ME Majumdar, S TI Spiral blanket: An innovative idea for a solid wall blanket with potential for high neutron wall loading SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID BERYLLIUM AB The Advanced Power Extraction (APEX) program(1) is exploring concepts for blanket designs that can enhance the potential of fusion while using both liquid and solid walls. In that context, an innovative blanket design of dry solid wall configuration, with potential for high neutron wall loading has been proposed. The blanket utilizes nano-composited ferritic (NCF) steel structure (designated 12 YWT), which has a maximum operating temperature of 8000degrees C.(2) The cooling/breeding material is Flibe (Li2BeF4), a low viscosity version of this molten salt, which has a melting temperature of 465degrees C and is compatible with ferritic steels up to 700degrees C.(2) The dimensions for this study have been taken from ARIES-AT.(3) The blanket module, which extends 0.3 m in the toroidal direction at mid-plane, is equipped with spiraling discs ramping from the bottom to the top. The coolant enters on the bottom at 500degrees C, then travels on the spiral discs, from the rear of the module to the front, then back to the rear, all the way to the top where it exits from the module at 590degrees C. On its way up, the coolant velocity is amplified at the first wall (FW) by centrifugal action, providing a high heat transfer coefficient for dissipating the high surface heating. The 3 mm thick FW is scalloped with semicircular projections inclined in the flow direction. This facilitates unimpeded smooth flow at the FW, while at the same time stiffening the FW against pressure, obviating the need for welded reinforcements. The discs are made of two halves assembled together with a Be pebble bed enclosed as a neutron multiplier. Preliminary neutronics analysis for the outboard blanket has shown a local tritium breeding ratio (TBR) of 1.36, and an energy multiplication (M) of 1.26 including contribution from a secondary module, using natural Li. The pressure drop of 0.56 MPa in the module produces a modified primary bending stress of 124 MPa where the allowable stress for this material at 750degrees C is 142 MPa. Without optimization, this blanket is capable of dissipating an average neutron wall loading of 6 4 MW/m(2), with a peak value of 9.6 MW/m(2) and a peak surface heating of 1.3 MW/m(2). The coolant picks up energy in the secondary blanket exiting the reactor at 600degrees C. Assuming the use of a supercritical steam power cycle, an efficiency of 48% can be expected. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sviatoslavsky, IN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200010 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Abdel-Khalik, SI Haynes, D Najmabadi, F Sharpe, JP AF Raffray, AR Abdel-Khalik, SI Haynes, D Najmabadi, F Sharpe, JP CA ARIES Team TI Thin liquid wall behavior under IFE cyclic operation SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB An inertial fusion energy (IFE) wetted wall configuration provides the advantage of a renewable armor to accommodate the threat spectra. Key issues are the re-establishment of the thin liquid armor and the state of the chamber environment prior to each shot relative to the requirements imposed by the driver and target thermal and injection control. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. INEEL, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, EBU-11,Room 460, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200018 ER PT J AU Sawan, ME Snead, L Zinkle, S AF Sawan, ME Snead, L Zinkle, S TI Radiation damage parameters for SiC/SiC composite structure in fusion nuclear environment SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID SILICON-CARBIDE; IRRADIATION DAMAGE; REACTORS AB The radiation effects in the fiber, matrix, and interface components of the SiC/SiC composite material are important input for lifetime assessment. Neutronics calculations were performed to determine the radiation damage parameters in the fiber/matrix and the candidate interface materials. The radiation damage parameters were calculated for both the carbon and silicon sublattices. The radiation damage parameters were evaluated for representative candidate breeding blankets. The breeder and/or coolant such as Pb83Li17, Flibe and Li2O affect the radiation damage parameters by impacting the neutron speetrum. The results provide an essential input for SiC/SiC composite lifetime assessment. The impact of the unique features of inertial fusion systems on damage parameters are identified. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sawan, ME (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 150 EP 154 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200025 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Hinoki, T Snead, LL AF Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Hinoki, T Snead, LL TI Progress in SiC-based ceramic composites for fusion applications SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID IRRADIATED SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TENSILE PROPERTIES; FABRICATION; ENVIRONMENT; PERFORMANCE AB Silicon carbide (SiC) fiber-reinforced SiC-matrix ceramic composite (SiC/SiC composite) is an attractive material for blanket/first wall structures infusion power devices. Recent extensive materials R&D efforts are producing advanced SiC/SiC composites substantially different from conventional materials in terms of baseline properties as well as irradiation stability. This paper provides a summary of the recent fusion-relevant progress in development and irradiation effect studies of SiC/SiC composites achieved through Japanese programs and Japan/US collaborative JUPITER(-II) program for fusion materials and blanket engineering. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200026 ER PT J AU Tanigawa, H Shiba, K Sokolov, MA Klueh, RL AF Tanigawa, H Shiba, K Sokolov, MA Klueh, RL TI Charpy impact properties of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels irradiated in HFIR up to 20 DPA SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB The effects of irradiation up to 20 dpa on the Charpy impact properties of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (RAFs) were investigated The ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of F82H-IEA shifted up to around 323K. TIG weldments of F82H showed a fairly small variation on their impact properties. A finer prior austenite grain size in F82H-IEA after a different heat treatment resulted in a 20K lower DBTT compared to F82H-IEA after the standard heat treatment, and that effect was maintained even after irradiation. Helium effects were investigated utilizing Ni-doped F82H, but no obvious evidence of helium effects was obtained ORNL9Cr-2WVTa and JLF-1 steels showed smaller DBTT shifts compared to F82H-IEA. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tanigawa, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200035 ER PT J AU Hinoki, T Lara-Curzio, E Snead, LL AF Hinoki, T Lara-Curzio, E Snead, LL TI Mechanical properties of high purity SiC fiber-reinforced CVI-SiC matrix composites SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY NOV 17-21, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; SHEAR-STRENGTH; NICALON FIBERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; PIP; OPTIMIZATION; IRRADIATION AB Mechanical properties of silicon carbide composites reinforced with highly crystalline fibers and fabricated by the chemical vapor infiltration method were evaluated. Materials used were SiC/SiC composites reinforced with unidirectional Hi-Nicalon Type-S fibers and unidirectional Tyranno SA fibers with various fiber/matrix interphase. Also, SiC/SiC composites reinforced with plain weave Tyranno SA fibers with carbon or multilayers of silicon carbide and carbon interphase were evaluated In-plane tensile, transthickness tensile and interlaminar shear properties were evaluated by the in-plane tensile test, the transthickness tensile test, the diametral compression test and the compression test of double-notched specimens. The elastic modulus and proportional limit stress were improved by using high purity silicon carbide fibers. The in-plane tensile properties were insensitive to carbon interphase thickness for a range of thicknesses between 30 and 230 nm. It was found that the in-plane tensile strength of composites containing multilayers of silicon carbide and carbon coating of fibers and fiber bundles was superior to that of composites with carbon alone. Transthickness tensile strength and shear strength of high purity silicon carbide composites were successfully evaluated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hinoki, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hinokit1@ornl.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 698YN UT WOS:000184028200036 ER PT J AU Wilde, T Kohl, JA Flanery, RE AF Wilde, T Kohl, JA Flanery, RE TI Immersive and 3D viewers for CUMULVS: VTK/CAVE (TM) and AVS/Express SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CUMULVS; ImmersaDesk (TM); CAVE (TM); scientific visualization; immersive visualization AB This paper will discuss the development of two viewer interfaces for the CUMULVS system, one for virtual reality (VR) visualization via ImmersaDesk(TM)/CAVE(TM) Systems, and one for 3D data visualization using the commercial component-based AVS/Express visualization environment. The CUMULVS (Collaborative, User Migration, User Library for Visualization and Steering) system, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is an essential platform for interacting with high-performance scientific simulation programs on-the-fly. It provides runtime visualization of data while they are being computed, as well as coordinated computational steering, application-directed checkpointing and fault recovery mechanisms, and rudimentary model coupling functions. CUMULVS consists of a set of cooperative libraries that enable the dynamic attachment of front-end "viewer" programs to running applications, for interactive visualization of extracted data snapshots using a variety of visualization tools. A development strategy will be presented for integrating CUMULVS with the given visualization libraries and environments, including discussion of the various data transformations and the visualization pipeline necessary for converting raw CUMULVS data into fully rendered graphical entities. In addition to the immersive VR CUMULVS viewer, an overview of the object-based AVS/Express CUMULVS viewer design will be presented, including discussion of the various components, modules, macros and user interfaces. A comparison will be made of the two viewer design approaches. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilde, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 701 EP 719 AR PII S0167-739X(02)00179-6 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(02)00179-6 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 685WU UT WOS:000183287700010 ER PT J AU Goodarzi, MO Guo, XQ Taylor, KD Quinones, MJ Samayoa, C Yang, HY Saad, MF Palotie, A Krauss, RM Hsueh, WA Rotter, JI AF Goodarzi, MO Guo, XQ Taylor, KD Quinones, MJ Samayoa, C Yang, HY Saad, MF Palotie, A Krauss, RM Hsueh, WA Rotter, JI TI Determination and use of haplotypes: Ethnic comparison and association of the lipoprotein lipase gene and coronary artery disease in Mexican-Americans SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE haplotype; single nucleotide polymorphism; lipoprotein lipase; coronary artery disease; Mexican-American ID HUMAN GENOME; REGION AB Purpose: To illustrate an approach of deriving haplotypes for genetic association studies, using the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and coronary artery disease. Methods: Six polymorphisms sufficient to distinguish the most common haplotypes in the 3' end of LPL were identified by genotyping 10 polymorphisms in a small pilot population. These were used to haplotype LPL in large family samples of Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic Caucasians. A case-control association study was performed comparing Mexican-Americans with and without coronary artery disease. Results: The two ethnic groups exhibited significant genetic differences. Among Mexican-Americans, homozygosity for LPL haplotype 1 was protective against coronary artery disease (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.91). Conclusion: This study outlines the haplotype structure of the LPL gene, illustrates the utility of haplotype-based analysis in association studies, and demonstrates the importance of defining haplotype frequencies for different ethnic groups. C1 Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Hypertens, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Lab Med & Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goodarzi, MO (reprint author), Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, Dept Med, 8700 Beverly Blvd,SSB 378, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR000425]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-69757, HL-60030]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5 T32 GM08243-16] NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 5 IS 4 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000076971.55421.AD PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 709QU UT WOS:000184636500008 PM 12865761 ER PT J AU Saunders, NFW Thomas, T Curmi, PMG Mattick, JS Kuczek, E Slade, R Davis, J Franzmann, PD Boone, D Rusterholtz, K Feldman, R Gates, C Bench, S Sowers, K Kadner, K Aerts, A Dehal, P Detter, C Glavina, T Lucas, S Richardson, P Larimer, F Hauser, L Land, M Cavicchioli, R AF Saunders, NFW Thomas, T Curmi, PMG Mattick, JS Kuczek, E Slade, R Davis, J Franzmann, PD Boone, D Rusterholtz, K Feldman, R Gates, C Bench, S Sowers, K Kadner, K Aerts, A Dehal, P Detter, C Glavina, T Lucas, S Richardson, P Larimer, F Hauser, L Land, M Cavicchioli, R TI Mechanisms of thermal adaptation revealed from the genomes of the Antarctic Archaea Methanogenium frigidum and Methanococcoides burtonii SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES; COLD-SHOCK DOMAIN; ELONGATION-FACTOR-2 PROTEINS; THERMOPHILIC METHANOGENS; SP NOV.; POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATION; H-2-USING METHANOGEN; ACE LAKE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB We generated draft genome sequences for two cold-adapted Archaea, Methanogenium frigidum and Methanococcoides burtonii, to identify genotypic characteristics that distinguish them from Archaea with a higher optimal growth temperature (OGT). Comparative genomics revealed trends in amino acid and tRNA composition, and structural features of proteins. Proteins from the cold-adapted Archaea are characterized by a higher content of noncharged polar amino acids, particularly Gin and Thr and a lower content of hydrophobic amino acids, particularly Leu. Sequence data from nine methanogen genomes (OGT 15degrees-98degreesC) were used to generate IIII modeled protein structures. Analysis of the models from the cold-adapted Archaea showed a strong tendency in the solvent-accessible area for more Gin, Thr, and hydrophobic residues and fewer charged residues. A cold shock domain (CSD) protein (CspA homolog) was identified in M. frigidum, two hypothetical proteins with CSD-folds in M. burtonii, and a unique winged helix DNA-binding domain protein in M. burtonii. This suggests that these types of nucleic acid binding proteins have a critical role in cold-adapted Archaea. Structural analysis of tRNA sequences from the Archaea indicated that GC content is the major factor influencing tRNA stability in hyperthermophiles, but not in the psychrophiles, mesophiles or moderate thermophiles. Below an OGT of 60degreesC, the GC content in tRNA was largely unchanged, indicating that any requirement for flexibility of tRNA in psychrophiles is mediated by other means. This is the first time that comparisons have been performed with genome data from Archaea spanning the growth temperature extremes. from psychrophiles to hyperthermophiles. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, IUT Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Genom Applicat Amersham Biosci, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. CSIRO, Land & Water, Floreat, Wembley, WA 6014, Australia. Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Australian Genome Res Facil, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. St Vincents Hosp, Ctr Immunol, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Cavicchioli, R (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RI Bench, Shellie/E-7679-2010; Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Saunders, Neil/B-5325-2010; Curmi, Paul/G-7185-2011; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Cavicchioli, Ricardo/D-4341-2013; Mattick, John/I-7789-2012 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Saunders, Neil/0000-0003-2139-6107; Curmi, Paul/0000-0001-5762-7638; Cavicchioli, Ricardo/0000-0001-8989-6402; Mattick, John/0000-0002-7680-7527 NR 57 TC 153 Z9 165 U1 3 U2 22 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1580 EP 1588 DI 10.1101/gr.1180903 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 697YC UT WOS:000183970000003 PM 12805271 ER PT J AU Villalobos, M Toner, B Bargar, J Sposito, G AF Villalobos, M Toner, B Bargar, J Sposito, G TI Characterization of the manganese oxide produced by Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-STACKED BIRNESSITE; SYNTHETIC NA-BIRNESSITE; CHUKHROV,F.V. ET-AL; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEXAGONAL BIRNESSITE; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; PINAL-CREEK; STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY; CR(III) OXIDATION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY AB Manganese oxides form typically in natural aqueous environments via Mn(II) oxidation catalyzed by microorganisms, primarily bacteria, but little is known about the structure of the incipient solid-phase products. The Mn oxide produced by a Pseudomonas species representative of soils and freshwaters was characterized as to composition, average Mn oxidation number, and N-2 specific surface area. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy were applied to complement the physicochemical data with morphological and structural information. A series of synthetic Mn oxides also was analyzed by the same methods to gain better comparative understanding of the structure of the biogenic oxide. The latter was found to be a poorly crystalline layer type Mn(IV) oxide with hexagonal symmetry, significant negative structural charge arising from cation vacancies, and a relatively small number of randomly stacked octahedral sheets per particle. Its properties were comparable to those of delta-MnO2 (vernadite) and a poorly crystalline hexagonal birnessite ("acid birnessite") synthesized by reduction of permanganate with HCl, but they were very different from those of crystalline triclinic birnessite. Overall, the structure and composition of the Mn oxide produced by P. putida were similar to what has been reported for other freshly precipitated Mn oxides in natural weathering environments, yielding further support to the predominance of biological oxidation as the pathway for Mn oxide formation. Despite variations in the degree of sheet stacking and Mn(III) content, all poorly crystalline oxides studied showed hexagonal symmetry. Thus, there is a need to distinguish layer type Mn oxides with structures similar to those of natural birnessites from the synthetic triclinic variety. We propose designating the unit cell symmetry as an addition to the current nomenclature for these minerals. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Villalobos, M (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Geog, Grp Biogeoquim Ambiental, LAFQA, Cicuito Exterior,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM marvilla@igiris.igeograph.unam.mx RI Villalobos, Mario/A-1203-2007; Toner, Brandy/N-7911-2016 OI Toner, Brandy/0000-0002-3681-3455 NR 88 TC 253 Z9 280 U1 12 U2 110 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2003 VL 67 IS 14 BP 2649 EP 2662 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00217-5 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700TG UT WOS:000184126800012 ER PT J AU Link, SO Smith, JL Halvorson, JJ Bolton, H AF Link, SO Smith, JL Halvorson, JJ Bolton, H TI A reciprocal transplant experiment within a climatic gradient in a semiarid shrub-steppe ecosystem: effects on bunchgrass growth and reproduction, soil carbon, and soil nitrogen SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; culm density; Poa secunda; shoot biomass; soil ID SUB-ALPINE MEADOW; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; GAS-EXCHANGE; RESPONSES; VEGETATION; PLANTS; POPULATIONS; ALTITUDES; DYNAMICS AB We investigated the effect of climate change on Poa secunda Presl. and soils in a shrub-steppe ecosystem in south-eastern Washington. Intact soil cores containing P. secunda were reciprocally transplanted between two elevations. Plants and soils were examined, respectively, 4.5 and 5 years later. The lower elevation (310 m) site is warmer (28.5 degreesC air average monthly maximum) and drier (224 mm yr(-1)) than the upper elevation (844 m) site (23.5 degreesC air average monthly maximum, 272 mm yr(-1)). Observations were also made on undisturbed plants at both sites. There was no effect of climate change on plant density, shoot biomass, or carbon isotope discrimination in either transplanted plant population. The cooler, wetter environment significantly reduced percent cover and leaf length, while the warmer, drier environment had no effect. Warming and drying reduced percent shoot nitrogen, while the cooler, wetter environment had no effect. Culm density was zero for the lower elevation plants transplanted to the upper site and was 10.3 culms m(-2) at the lower site. There was no effect of warming and drying on the culm density of the upper elevation plants. Culm density of in situ lower elevation plants was greater than that of the in situ upper elevation plants. Warming and drying reduced total soil carbon 32% and total soil nitrogen 40%. The cooler, wetter environment had no effect on total soil C or N. Of the C and N that was lost over time, 64% of both came from the particulate organic matter fraction (POM, >53 mum). There was no effect of warming and drying on the upper population of P. secunda while exposing the lower population to the cooler, wetter environment reduced reproductive effort and percent cover. With the warmer and drier conditions that may develop with climate change, total C and N of semiarid soils may decrease with the active fraction of soil C also rapidly decreasing, which may alter ecosystem diversity and function. C1 Washington State Univ Tri Cit, Sch Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Link, SO (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tri Cit, Sch Biol Sci, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM slink@tricity.wsu.edu RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 54 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 7 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1105 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00647.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694VX UT WOS:000183796800010 ER PT J AU Aubouy, M Jiang, Y Glazier, JA Graner, F AF Aubouy, M Jiang, Y Glazier, JA Graner, F TI A texture tensor to quantify deformations SO GRANULAR MATTER LA English DT Article DE strain; connected network; elasticity of disordered media; deformation and plasticity ID RHEOLOGY; FOAMS AB Under mechanical deformation, most materials exhibit both elastic and fluid (or plastic) responses; No. existing formalism derived from microscopic principles encompasses both their fluid-like and solid-like aspects. We define the statistical texture tensor to quantify the intuitive notion of stored deformation. This tensor links microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of the material, and extends the definition of elastic strain. C1 Lab Spectrometr Phys, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNRS, UMR 5588, F-75700 Paris, France. Univ Grenoble 1, F-75700 Paris, France. RP Aubouy, M (reprint author), Lab Spectrometr Phys, BP 87, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-5021 J9 GRANUL MATTER JI Granul. Matter PD JUL PY 2003 VL 5 IS 2 BP 67 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s10035-003-0126-x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 711ZR UT WOS:000184771400002 ER PT J AU Cook, PJ Salve, R Freifeld, BM Tsang, YT AF Cook, PJ Salve, R Freifeld, BM Tsang, YT TI Measurement system for systematic hydrological characterization of unsaturated fractured welded tuff in a mined underground tunnel SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER-MOVEMENT; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; MOJAVE DESERT; ZONE; SEEPAGE; MODEL; FLUX; NEVADA AB A field investigation of unsaturated flow through a lithophysal unit of fractured welded tuff containing lithophysal cavities has been initiated. To characterize flow in this spatially heterogeneous medium, a systematic approach has been developed to perform tests in boreholes drilled at regular intervals in an underground tunnel (drift). The purpose of the testing is to quantify the amounts of water seeping into the drift versus the amount of water moving around the drift when released into boreholes at many equidistant locations along the drift. In this paper, we describe the test equipment system that has been built for this purpose. Because the field-scale measurements-of liquid flow in the unsaturated, fractured rocks-require continuous testing for periods of days to weeks, the control of test equipment has been fully automated, allowing operation with no human presence at the field site. Preliminary results from the first set of tests indicate that, while the effects of evaporation on characterization of hydrological properties of the rock can be significant, these effects can be controlled and quantified. These tests give insight into the role of the cavities as potential storage during the initial transient flow prior to the breakthrough of water at the drift crown, as well as the role of connected fractures that provide the subsequent quasi-steady flow. In addition to the stated purpose of realizing the flow partitioning, the results yield values for the effective porosity in the pathways for liquid flow in the regions tested thus far. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cook, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 41 IS 4 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02379.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 697XJ UT WOS:000183968300010 PM 12873008 ER PT J AU Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Barcellos-Hoff, MH TI How radiation-induced phenotypes contribute to neoplastic progression SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 10-11, 2002 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect Measurements C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barcellos-Hoff, MH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Cell & Mol Biol, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhbarcellos-hoff@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 85 IS 1 BP 84 EP 84 DI 10.1097/00004032-200307000-00015 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 691JT UT WOS:000183603400015 ER PT J AU Fan, XF Lang, DM Xu, YJ Lyra, AC Yusim, K Everhart, JE Korber, BTM Perelson, AS Di Bisceglie, AM AF Fan, XF Lang, DM Xu, YJ Lyra, AC Yusim, K Everhart, JE Korber, BTM Perelson, AS Di Bisceglie, AM TI Liver transplantation with hepatitis C virus-infected graft: Interaction between donor and recipient viral strains SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERVARIABLE REGION-1; GENOTYPES; RECOMBINATION; HCV; SUPERINFECTION; EVOLUTION; GENOME; HEMOPHILIACS; REINFECTION; EXCLUSION AB Superinfection of different viral strains within a single host provides an opportunity for studying host-virus and virus-virus interactions, including viral interference and genetic recombination, which cannot be studied in infections with single viral strains. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive single-strand RNA virus that establishes persistent infection in as many as 85% of infected individuals. However, there are few reports regarding coinfection or superinfection of HCV. Because of the lack of tissue culture systems and small animal models supporting efficient HCV replication, we explored these issues in the setting of liver transplantation where both recipient and donor were infected with different HCV strains and therefore represent a distinct model for HCV superinfection. Serial serum samples collected at multiple time points were obtained from 6 HCV-positive liver donor/recipient pairs from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases liver transplantation database. At each time point, HCV genotype was determined by both restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, we selectively sequenced 3 full-length HCV isolates at the earliest time points after liver transplantation, including both 5' and 3' ends. Detailed genetic analyses showed that only one strain of HCV could be identified at each time point in all 6 cases. Recipient HCV strains took over in 3 cases, whereas donor HCV strains dominated after liver transplantation in the remaining 3 cases. In conclusion, in all 6 cases studied, there was no genetic recombination detected among HCV quasispecies or between donor and recipient HCV strains. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NIDDK, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Bethesda, MD USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Di Bisceglie, AM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 3635 Vista Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK56435-01] NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1053/jhep.2003.50264 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 695MD UT WOS:000183833900005 PM 12829983 ER PT J AU Griffith, B Chen, QY AF Griffith, B Chen, QY TI A momentum-zonal model for predicting zone airflow and temperature distributions to enhance building load and energy simulations SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Building load and energy simulation programs based on the complete-mixing air model fail to consider the impact of nonuniform air temperature distributions. A momentum zonal model based on the Euler equation has been developed to enhance building load and energy simulations by predicting indoor airflows and temperatures. This paper shows some validation exercises by comparing model results to measurements and computational fluid dynamics. The model was found to predict thermal stratification conditions reasonably well and to err on the side of complete mixing. The model has been coupled to the heat balance model and tested on load calculations. Results for cooling and heating loads are compared to the traditional complete-mixing model with minor effects on total load but important differences in air system flow rate and control options. Total computation times for load calculations were two orders of magnitude higher using the momentum zonal model compared to traditional complete mixing. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Ray W Herrick Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Griffith, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 309 EP 325 DI 10.1080/10789669.2003.10391072 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 754NV UT WOS:000187324000005 ER PT J AU Bish, DL Carey, JW Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ AF Bish, DL Carey, JW Vaniman, DT Chipera, SJ TI Stability of hydrous minerals on the martian surface SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars surface; mineralogy; geochemistry ID WATER-VAPOR; GROUND ICE; MARS; ADSORPTION; DUST; CLINOPTILOLITE; HYDRATION; CHABAZITE; PRODUCTS; REGOLITH AB The presence of water-bearing minerals on Mars has long been discussed, but little or no data exist showing that minerals such as smectites and zeolites may be present on the surface in a hydrated state (i.e., that they could contain H2O molecules in their interlayer or extra-framework sites, respectively). We have analyzed experimental thermodynamic and X-ray powder diffraction data for smectite and the most common terrestrial zeolite, clinoptilolite, to evaluate the state of hydration of these minerals under martian surface conditions. Thermodynamic data for clinoptilolite show that water molecules in its extra-framework sites are held very strongly, with enthalpies of dehydration for Ca-clinoptilolite up to three times greater than that for liquid water. Using these data, we calculated the Gibbs free energy of hydration of clinoptilolite and smectite as a function of temperature and pressure. The calculations demonstrate that these minerals would indeed be hydrated under the very low-P (H2O) conditions existing on Mars, a reflection of their high affinities for H2O. These calculations assuming the partial pressure of H2O and the temperature range expected on Mars suggest that, if present on the surface, zeolites and Ca-smectites could also play a role in affecting the diurnal variations in martian atmospheric H2O because their calculated water contents vary considerably over daily martian temperature ranges. The open crystal structure of clinoptilolite and existing hydration and kinetic data suggest that hydration/dehydration are not kinetically limited. Based on these calculations, it is possible that hydrated zeolites and clay minerals may explain some of the recent observations of significant amounts of hydrogen not attributable to water ice at martian mid-latitudes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bish, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 43 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00140-4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 705AT UT WOS:000184374600006 ER PT J AU Douglis, F Foster, I AF Douglis, F Foster, I TI The grid grows up SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Douglis, F (reprint author), IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. OI Douglis, Fred/0000-0003-2472-0339 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 7 IS 4 BP 24 EP 26 DI 10.1109/MIC.2003.1215656 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 700BF UT WOS:000184092200005 ER PT J AU Stevens, R Papka, ME Disz, T AF Stevens, R Papka, ME Disz, T TI Prototyping the workspaces of the future SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Futures Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Futures Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 7 IS 4 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1109/MIC.2003.1215660 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 700BF UT WOS:000184092200009 ER PT J AU Hamid, MS Harvey, NR Marshall, S AF Hamid, MS Harvey, NR Marshall, S TI Genetic algorithm optimization of multidimensional grayscale soft morphological filters with applications in film archive restoration (vol 13, pg 406, 2003) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hamid, MS (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8215 J9 IEEE T CIRC SYST VID JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 13 IS 7 BP 726 EP 726 DI 10.1109/TCSVT.2003.816396 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 707MF UT WOS:000184513900016 ER PT J AU Agostini, MJ Parker, GG Schaub, H Groom, K Robinett, RD AF Agostini, MJ Parker, GG Schaub, H Groom, K Robinett, RD TI Generating swing-suppressed maneuvers for crane systems with rate saturation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basis function; crane; nonlinearities; velocity saturation; vibration control ID ROTARY CRANE; LOAD AB Offline crane maneuvers, resulting in zero residual payload swing, have been explored previously using parameterized sets of basis functions. Assumptions usually included an ideal servo response and symmetric inputs. Nonsymmetric maneuvers, in general, do not have closed-form basis function solutions. Actuator dynamics further complicate maneuver generation by introducing nonlinearities such as saturation. One way to circumvent saturation is to constrain crane operation below the saturation levels of the actuators. This limits the set of available maneuvers and can lead to slower, more costly crane operation. This work explores the effects of a common servo nonlinearity, velocity saturation, on the swing-free maneuver generation process. A method is presented for maneuver generation that exploits speed saturation while still yielding near swing-free payload motion. An optimization code is used to generate basis function parameters where the cost function includes the speed saturation effects via a simulation of the payload dynamics. Experimental results using a 1/16th scale crane are presented to illustrate the method. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Energy & Transportat Secur Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Agostini, MJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 11 IS 4 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1109/TCST.2003.813402 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 695GA UT WOS:000183821700004 ER PT J AU Lu, CY Cooper, JA Tsuji, T Chung, G Williams, JR McDonald, K Feldman, LC AF Lu, CY Cooper, JA Tsuji, T Chung, G Williams, JR McDonald, K Feldman, LC TI Effect of process variations and ambient temperature on electron mobility at the SiO2/4H-SiC interface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE mobility; MOSFET; silicon carbide ID MOSFET PARAMETERS; NITRIC-OXIDE; 4H; DENSITY; BAND; N2O AB We report the effect of processing variables on the inversion layer electron mobility of (0001)-oriented 4H-SiC n-channel MOSFETs. The process variables investigated include i) implant anneal temperature and ambient ii) oxidation procedure iii) postoxidation annealing in nitric oxide (NO) iv) type of gate material and v) high-temperature ohmic contact anneal. Electron mobility is significantly increased by a postoxidation anneal in NO, but other process variations investigated have only minor effects on the channel mobility. We also report the temperature dependence of electron mobility for NO and non-NO annealed n-channel MOSFETs. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Fuji Elect Co, Tokyo, Japan. Dow Corning Corp, Tampa, FL 33601 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Lu, CY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 11 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2003 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1582 EP 1588 DI 10.1109/TED.2003.814974 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 707MN UT WOS:000184514600003 ER PT J AU Wong, PC Wong, KK Foote, H Thomas, J AF Wong, PC Wong, KK Foote, H Thomas, J TI Global visualization and alignments of whole bacterial genomes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE visualization; bioinformatics; whole genome alignment; fractal curve; gestalt psychology; digital image processing ID PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; SEQUENCE; DNA; TRACHOMATIS; STRAIN AB We present a novel visualization technique to align whole bacterial genomes with millions of nucleotides. Our basic design combines the descriptive power of pixel-based visualizations with the interpretative strength of digital image-processing filters. The innovative use of pixel enhancement techniques on pixel-based visualizations brings out the best of the recursive data patterns and further enhances the effectiveness of the visualization techniques. The result is a fast, versatile, and cost-effective analysis tool to reveal hidden structures that might lead to the discovery of functional identifications as well as phenotypic changes of whole bacterial genomes. Nine different whole bacterial genomes obtained from public genome banks are used to demonstrate our designs and prove their viability. Although the design of the new visualization technique is targeted at analyzing genomic sequences, we show with examples that it can be used to study other types of sequential data sets with a priori orders. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Canc Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pak.wong@pnl.gov; kkwong@bcm.tmc.edu; harlan.foote@pnl.gov; jim.thomas@pnl.gov OI Wong, Kwong-Kwok/0000-0002-0375-6669 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 361 EP 377 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 692MW UT WOS:000183665700009 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH AF Schneibel, JH TI High temperature strength of Mo-Mo3Si-Mo5SiB2 molybdenum silicides SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; creep deformation; powder metallurgical processing ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; MO; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; ALLOY; BORON AB Ternary and quaternary intermetallic alloys consisting of the phases Mo3Si, Mo5SiB2 ("T2") and alpha-Mo (Mo solid solution) were fabricated by melting and casting as well as powder-metallurgy (PM). A newly developed PM technique allowed the fabrication of microstructures with a nearly continuous alpha-Mo matrix. The creep strengths were determined by slow compression testing at an initial strain rate of 10(-5) s(-1) at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 140.6 degreesC. Alloying with niobium improved the creep strength much more than alloying with tungsten. This result is rationalized in terms of the atomic size difference between Mo and Nb. Not only the composition but also the topology and scale of the microstructure had a pronounced influence on the creep strength. As expected, coarse microstructures with isolated alpha-Mo particles resulted in higher creep strengths than microstructures with a continuous alpha-Mo matrix. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 11 IS 7 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00044-X PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 703DL UT WOS:000184264700001 ER PT J AU Kumar, KS Pang, L Horton, JA Liu, CT AF Kumar, KS Pang, L Horton, JA Liu, CT TI Structure and composition of Laves phases in binary Cr-Nb, Cr-Zr and ternary Cr-(Nb, Zr) alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE laves phase; phase transformations; electron microscopy, transmission ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STABILITY; CR-CR2NB; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; DEPENDENCE AB The Laves phase structure in three Cr-based two-phase alloys, Cr-12Nb, Cr-8Zr and Cr-2Nb-1Zr was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. Whereas in the as-cast condition, Cr2Nb exhibits the twinned C15 structure, Cr2Zr even after hot extrusion and annealing shows a heavily faulted C36 structure (or a higher order polytype such as a 6H structure). The ternary Cr-2(Zr, Nb) compound exhibits the C36 structure in the as-cast condition but reverts to the C15 structure after annealing, the structural transformation being accompanied by a composition change. Solid-state precipitates of the Laves phase Cr-2(Nb, Zr) in the ternary alloy that result in the matrix after annealing are always associated with dislocations. These dislocations either link to the interdendritic precipitates or link the solid-state precipitates to each other. Since the solubility of Zr is low in the matrix, we propose that pipe diffusion along these dislocations serves as the principal mechanism to redistribute the Zr from the interdendritic precipitates to the solid-state precipitates. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kumar, KS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM shanvan_kumar@brown.edu OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL PY 2003 VL 11 IS 7 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00065-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 703DL UT WOS:000184264700007 ER PT J AU Hammi, Y Horstemeyer, MF Bammann, DJ AF Hammi, Y Horstemeyer, MF Bammann, DJ TI An anisotropic damage model for ductile metals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE constitutive behavior; anisotropic damage; void nucleation; void growth; void coalescence; elastic-viscoplasticity material; finite elements; stress integration ID NUCLEATION; MECHANICS; EVOLUTION AB An anisotropic ductile damage description is motivated from fracture mechanisms and physical observations in Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloys with second phases. Ductile damage is induced by the classical process of nucleation of voids at inclusions, followed by their growth and coalescence. These mechanisms are related to different microstructural and length scale parameters like the fracture toughness, the void size, the intervoid ligament distance, etc. The classical thermodynamic constraints of irreversible processes with material state variables are used to model the tensorial damage evolution coupled to the Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson (BCJ) rate-dependent plasticity. The damage-plasticity coupling is based on the effective stress concept, assuming the total energy equivalence, and written through a deviatoric damage effect tensor on the deviatoric part and through the trace of the second rank damage tensor on the hydrostatic part. The damage rate tensor is additively decomposed into a nucleation rate tensor, a void growth rate scalar, and a coalescence rate tensor. The induced damage anisotropy in mainly driven by the nucleation, which evolves as a function of the absolute value of the plastic strain rate tensor. Finally, some experimental data of cast A356 aluminum alloy are correlated with predictive void-crack evolution to illustrate the applicability of the anisotropic damage model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hammi, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yhammi@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1177/105678903033631 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 876GY UT WOS:000225485900004 ER PT J AU Dixon, DA Feller, D Zhan, CG Francisco, JS AF Dixon, DA Feller, D Zhan, CG Francisco, JS TI The gas and solution phase acidities of HNO, HOONO, HONO, and HONO(2) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Review DE Ab initio calculations; gas phase acidity; solvation effects ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CARBOXYLIC-ACID ESTERS; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; REACTION FIELD-THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; PEROXYNITROUS ACID; COUPLED-CLUSTER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES AB The acidities of HNO(x) (where x=1-3) have been calculated in the gas phase and in solution by using high level ab initio molecular orbital theory. Coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) energies, extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit, were used to determine thermodynamic properties of the species in the gas phase, and the fully polarizable continuum model (FPCM) was used to calculate the effect of solvent on the energy changes. The calculated gas phase heats of formation in kcal mol(-1) at 0 K, based on extrapolations through the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set, are: DeltaH(f) (NO)=22.07 (calculated) vs. 21.46+/-0.04 (experimental); DeltaH(f) (HNO)=26.39 (calculated) vs. 26.3+/-1 (experimental); DeltaH(f) (NO(2))=10.12 (calculated) vs. 8.59+/-0.2 (experimental); DeltaH(f) (HONO(2))=-29.87 (calculated) vs. -29.75+/-0.1 (experimental); DeltaH(f) (HONO)=-15.79 (calculated) vs. -17.37+/-0.32 (experimental); DeltaH(f) (HOONO)=-0.89 (calculated); DeltaH(f) (NO(2)(-))=-41.95 (calculated) vs. -43.8+/-0.2 (experimental); DeltaH(f) (NO(3)(-))=-70.76 (calculated) vs. -71.7+/-0.30 (experimental); and DeltaH(f) (ONOO(-))=-16.74 (calculated). The electron affinity of NO is calculated to be 0.62 kcal mol(-1), based on extrapolations up through the aug-cc-pV5Z basis set, and falls within 0.02 kcal mol(-1) of the experimental value. The corresponding heats of formation at 0 K in kcal mol(-1) of the anions are: DeltaH(f) (HNO)=26.93 (calculated); DeltaH(f) (NO)=22.28 (calculated); DeltaH(f) (NO(-))=21.66 (calculated) vs. 20.86+/-0.16 (experimental). The calculated gas phase acidities of HNO, HONO, HOONO, and HONO(2) are found to be in excellent agreement with experiment to within 1 kcal mol(-1). Solvation calculations show that the free energy change for K(a) in aqueous solution for HONO(2), HONO, and HNO can be calculated within similar to2, 3, and 5 kcal mol(-1) of experiment, respectively. However, the agreement for HCN (with an established pK(a)) and HOONO is much worse and the calculated results suggest that the effect of the directly interacting solvent shells around HCN and HOONO are quite different from those around HONO(2), HONO, or HNO in terms of the solution phase acidity. Contrary to the view that HNO is an acid in aqueous solution, the pK(a) is estimated to be between 10 and 13 for HNO consistent with the latest experimental result. This suggests that the behavior of HNO in biological systems warrants further investigation as it is not an acid as has previously been accepted. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, HC Brown Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.dixon@pnl.gov NR 111 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 227 IS 3 BP 421 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(03)00095-2 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 693WM UT WOS:000183741400012 ER PT J AU Fedorov, DG Koseki, S Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS AF Fedorov, DG Koseki, S Schmidt, MW Gordon, MS TI Spin-orbit coupling in molecules: chemistry beyond the adiabatic approximation SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; TRANSFORM EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; DOUGLAS-KROLL TRANSFORMATION; BREIT-PAULI APPROXIMATION; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; DIRAC-HARTREE-FOCK; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; MAGNETIC SHIELDING CONSTANT; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; EVALUATING LINE STRENGTHS AB An extensive introduction to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is presented, starting from a discussion of the phenomenological operators and general chemical importance of SOC to studies of chemical reactions. Quantitative SOC operators are discussed, and the symmetry properties of the SOC Hamiltonian important for understanding the general features of SOC are summarized. Comparison of the one- and two-electron contributions to SOC is given, followed by a discussion of commonly used approximations for the two-electron part. Applications of SOC to studies using effective and model core potentials have been analysed. The theoretical discussion is illustrated with numerous practical examples, including diatomic molecules (with an emphasis on hydrides) and some examples for polyatomic molecules. The fine structure of the SOC interaction (vibrational dependence) for some diatomic molecules has been elucidated. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3056568, Japan. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Osaka 5998531, Japan. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fedorov, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3056568, Japan. EM d.g.fedorov@aist.go.jp NR 198 TC 157 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 551 EP 592 DI 10.1080/0144235032000101743 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 710GF UT WOS:000184671900004 ER PT J AU Paulino, GH Fannjiang, AC Chan, YS AF Paulino, GH Fannjiang, AC Chan, YS TI Gradient elasticity theory for mode III fracture in functionally graded materials - Part I: Crack perpendicular to the material gradation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; NONHOMOGENEOUS MATERIALS; STRAIN GRADIENTS; SURFACE-ENERGY; PLASTICITY; MECHANICS; KERNELS AB Anisotropic strain gradient elasticity theory is applied to the solution of a mode III crack in a functionally graded material. The theory possesses two material characteristic lengths, l and l', which describe the size scale effect resulting from the underlining microstructure, and are associated to volumetric and surface strain energy, respectively. The governing differential equation of the problem is derived assuming that the shear modulus is a function of the Cartesian coordinate y, i.e., G G (y) = G(0)e(gammay), where G(0) and y are material constants. The crack boundary value problem is solved by means of Fourier transforms and the hypersingular integrodifferential equation method. The integral equation is discretized using the collocation method and a Chebyshev polynomial expansion. Formulas for stress intensity, factors, K-III, are derived, and numerical results of K-III, for various combinations of C, l', and gamma are provided. Finally, conclusions are inferred and potential extensions of this work are discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Newmark Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Math, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paulino, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Newmark Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Paulino, Glaucio/A-2426-2008 NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 4 BP 531 EP 542 DI 10.1115/1.1532321 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 727TP UT WOS:000185676500008 ER PT J AU Gray, LJ Kaplan, T Richardson, JD Paulino, GH AF Gray, LJ Kaplan, T Richardson, JD Paulino, GH TI Green's functions and boundary integral analysis for exponentially graded materials: Heat conduction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VARYING THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELEMENT METHOD; HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; EQUATION; FORMULATION; HELMHOLTZ AB Free space Green's functions are derived for graded materials in which the thermal Conductivity varies exponentially, in one coordinate. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the steady-state diffusion equation, in two and three dimensions. The corresponding boundary, integral equation formulations for these problems are derived, and the three-dimensional case is solved numerically using a Galerkin approximation. The results of test calculations are in excellent agreement with exact solutions and finite element simulations. C1 Univ Illinois, Newmark Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gray, LJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Newmark Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Paulino, Glaucio/A-2426-2008 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2003 VL 70 IS 4 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1115/1.1485753 PG 7 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 727TP UT WOS:000185676500009 ER PT J AU Rubio, JE Jaraiz, M Martin-Bragado, I Hernandez-Mangas, JM Barbolla, J Gilmer, GH AF Rubio, JE Jaraiz, M Martin-Bragado, I Hernandez-Mangas, JM Barbolla, J Gilmer, GH TI Atomistic Monte Carlo simulations of three-dimensional polycrystalline thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; AL; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB An atomistic Monte Carlo code to simulate the deposition and annealing of three-dimensional polycrystalline thin films is presented. Atoms impinge on the substrate with selected angular distributions, and grains are nucleated with different crystalline orientations, defined by the tilt and rotation angles. Grain boundaries appear naturally when the islands coalesce, and can migrate during both deposition and annealing simulations. In this work we present simulations of aluminum films. We examine the influence of the temperature, deposition rate, and adhesion to the substrate on the morphology of polycrystalline thin films. The simulations provide insight into the dominant microscopic mechanisms that drive the structure evolution during thin film processing. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. EM jerg@ele.uva.es RI Martin-Bragado, Ignacio/B-6013-2015; Jaraiz, Martin/H-6061-2015; Rubio, J. Emiliano/H-6114-2015; OI Martin-Bragado, Ignacio/0000-0002-2474-4923; Jaraiz, Martin/0000-0001-6688-3158; Hernandez-Mangas, Jesus Manuel/0000-0001-7696-1287 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1063/1.1577814 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900020 ER PT J AU Dalla Torre, J Gilmer, GH Windt, DL Kalyanaraman, R Baumann, FH O'Sullivan, PL Sapjeta, J de la Rubia, TD Rouhani, MD AF Dalla Torre, J Gilmer, GH Windt, DL Kalyanaraman, R Baumann, FH O'Sullivan, PL Sapjeta, J de la Rubia, TD Rouhani, MD TI Microstructure of thin tantalum films sputtered onto inclined substrates: Experiments and atomistic simulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HYPERTHERMAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; GROWTH; BARRIER; ENERGY; CU; EVAPORATION; TOPOGRAPHY AB We have combined experiments and atomistic modeling in order to better understand the growth and structure of metal films deposited onto sidewalls of trenches and vias. Using x-ray reflectance, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to characterize the microstructure and morphology of Ta films grown by magnetron sputtering onto inclined substrates, we find that films deposited at larger incidence angles tend towards columnar microstructure with high roughness and low density. We have used a three-dimensional Monte Carlo model (ADEPT) to simulate the growth process, under conditions close to those investigated experimentally. A binary collision model is included in the Monte Carlo deposition procedure to describe the interaction of energetic particles with the surface. Examination of the film microstructure and morphology resulting from the simulations indicates that the energetic impinging particles are necessary to produce film densities comparable to those found experimentally. By including these effects, we thus find good agreement between the simulations and the experimental results. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, CB 1105, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. SINTEF Appl Math, N-0314 Oslo, Norway. CNRS, LAAS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. Univ Toulouse 3, CNRSA, Phys Solides Lab, UMR5477, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Dalla Torre, J (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1063/1.1579112 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900034 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ AF Nellis, WJ TI Shock compression of a free-electron gas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The shock compression curve (Hugoniot) of a free-electron gas was calculated and evaluated numerically for a metal with a Fermi energy of 5 eV. Shock pressure, internal energy, and temperature were calculated as functions of compression. The Hugoniot curve has a limiting compression of fourfold of initial density and agrees with expected limiting values at small and large compressions. Above a compression of similar to3.3-fold of initial density, a shock pressure of similar to250 GPa (2.5 Mbar), and a temperature of similar to10 eV, free electrons are a nondegenerate ideal gas. Shock pressures of the free electron gas are a factor of 10(4) larger at all compressions than those of an ideal gas of nuclei with the same number density, indicative of the strong effect of Fermi-Dirac and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. This simple free-electron model calculates shock compression curves of Li and Na, which differ by similar to50% from experimental data, illustrating that interactions between electrons and nuclei must be taken into account, as expected. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1063/1.1579135 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900035 ER PT J AU Suenaga, M Solovyov, VF Li, Q Ye, Z Wiesmann, HJ Iwakuma, M Fukui, M Toyota, K Funaki, F Johansen, TH Shantsev, DV Clem, JR AF Suenaga, M Solovyov, VF Li, Q Ye, Z Wiesmann, HJ Iwakuma, M Fukui, M Toyota, K Funaki, F Johansen, TH Shantsev, DV Clem, JR TI ac losses in circular disks of thin YBa2Cu3O7 films in perpendicular magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERCONDUCTING DISK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RINGS; FLUX AB The ac losses at 20 and 30 Hz were measured for two disk-shaped YBa2Cu3O7 films in perpendicular peak applied magnetic fields up to similar to0.2 T in liquid nitrogen. One of the films had a significantly higher critical-current density than the other as determined from the loss measurements. Also, it exhibited a more-uniform flux penetration around the circumference of the disk than the other as observed by magneto-optical images of these films in perpendicular dc fields. The results from this film were compared with theoretical predictions of ac losses for disks of thin superconducting films in perpendicular magnetic fields using the Bean model [J. R. Clem and A. Sanchez, Phys. Rev. B 55, 9355 (1994)], and the Kim critical-current model [D. V. Shantsev , Phys. Rev. B 61, 9699 (2000)]. The asymptotic Bean model predictions for low and high fields were in reasonably good agreement with the data. The numerical calculation of the losses following Shantsev was found to give extremely good agreement with the loss data throughout the entire field range of the measurement when the Kim model for the critical-current density was used. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Superconduct, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suenaga, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1063/1.1579130 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900069 ER PT J AU Setchell, RE AF Setchell, RE TI Shock wave compression of the ferroelectric ceramic Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3: Hugoniot states and constitutive mechanical properties SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; BRITTLE SOLIDS; FUSED-SILICA; PZT 95-5; SAPPHIRE; TRANSFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; INDEX AB Although the particular lead zirconate/titanate composition Pb-0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)(0.98)Nb0.02O3 (PZT 95/5-2Nb) was identified many years ago as a promising ferroelectric ceramic for use in shock-driven pulsed power supplies, relatively few studies have been performed to characterize its response under shock wave compression. The current study began when strong interest developed in numerically simulating the operation of pulsed power supplies, which required improved models for dynamic material properties. Experiments were conducted on a gas-gun facility to determine Hugoniot states, to examine constitutive mechanical properties during shock propagation, and to investigate shock-driven depoling kinetics. This article summarizes results from the first two of these areas. A baseline material, similar to materials used in previous studies, was examined in detail. Limited experiments were conducted with other materials to investigate the effects of different porous microstructures. Reverse-impact experiments were used to obtain a Hugoniot curve for the baseline material over the stress range of interest, as well as comparative data for the other materials. Wave profiles recorded in transmitted-wave experiments examined the effects of varying shock strength and propagation distance, poling state and orientation, initial density, porous microstructure at a fixed density, and electric field strength. The collective results identify a complex material behavior governed by anomalous compressibility and incomplete phase transformation at low shock amplitudes, and a relatively slow yielding process at high shock amplitudes. Differences in poling state, field strength, and porous microstructure in common-density materials were found to have a small effect on this behavior, but large effects were observed when initial density was varied. Comparisons with similar studies on other ceramic materials show both similarities and differences, and provide insights into possible yielding mechanisms. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM resetch@sandia.gov NR 42 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 573 EP 588 DI 10.1063/1.1578526 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900080 ER PT J AU Almer, J Lienert, U Peng, RL Schlauer, C Oden, M AF Almer, J Lienert, U Peng, RL Schlauer, C Oden, M TI Strain and texture analysis of coatings using high-energy x-rays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS; DIFFRACTION; ARC; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; TIN; CRN AB We investigate the internal strain and crystallographic orientation (texture) in physical-vapor deposited metal nitride coatings of TiN and CrN. A high-energy diffraction technique is presented that uses synchrotron x rays and an area detector, and which allows the strain and intensity distributions of multiple crystallographic planes to be measured by a single x-ray exposure. Unique texture states and nonlinear sin(2) psi strain distributions are observed for all coatings investigated. Quantitative analysis indicates that existing micromechanical models can reasonably predict strain and corresponding stress for mixed-hkl reflections but are inadequate for fully describing measured data. Alternative mechanisms involving deposition-induced defects are proposed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Linkoping Univ, Dept Mech Engn, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Lulea Univ Technol, S-95187 Lulea, Sweden. RP Almer, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Oden, Magnus/E-9662-2010 OI Oden, Magnus/0000-0002-2286-5588 NR 26 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.1063/1.1582351 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900097 ER PT J AU Kim, BM Komashko, AM Rubenchik, AM Feit, MD Reidt, S Da Silva, LB Eichler, J AF Kim, BM Komashko, AM Rubenchik, AM Feit, MD Reidt, S Da Silva, LB Eichler, J TI Interferometric analysis of ultrashort pulse laser-induced pressure waves in water SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN; OPTICAL-BREAKDOWN; SHOCK-WAVES; INTRAOCULAR PHOTODISRUPTION; CORNEAL TISSUE; NANOSECOND; PICOSECOND; ABLATION; DIELECTRICS; DURATION AB Pressure waves generated by the surface ablation of water with ultrashort laser pulses in the 140 fs-10 ps duration range were studied with a Mach-Zehnder interferometry. Formation and propagation of spherical and, in ablation with longer pulses, combination of spherical and cylindrical pressure waves were observed. Measurements of the amplitude and dynamics of the pressure waves show that the conversion efficiency of laser energy to mechanical energy of the pressure waves is less than 1%, thus justifying the claim that ultrashort laser pulse ablation induces low-collateral damage and has a large potential in biomedical applications. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Wonju, Kangwon Do, South Korea. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Appl Sci, Tech Fachhsch Berlin, D-13347 Berlin, Germany. RP Kim, BM (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 234 Maeji, Wonju, Kangwon Do, South Korea. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 709 EP 715 DI 10.1063/1.1578700 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900099 ER PT J AU Barabash, OM Babu, SS David, SA Vitek, JM Barabash, RI AF Barabash, OM Babu, SS David, SA Vitek, JM Barabash, RI TI Deformation in the heat affected zone during spot welding of a nickel-based single crystal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Constrained melting and solidification and associated thermal cycling during welding produces extensive microstructural changes. Such changes are observed during spot welding of single-crystal Ni-based superalloy TSM-75. Analysis of Laue diffraction patterns attained from the heat-affected-zone indicates the presence of a high density of dislocations. Dislocation rearrangement results in local rotations around the [100] direction, which is perpendicular to the temperature gradient. These dislocations exist over a large fraction of the heat-affected zone. The analyses also showed that the dislocation density was maximal near the fusion line and gradually decreases with an increase in the distance from the fusion line. The dislocation density increased with the cooling rate. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, OM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 738 EP 742 DI 10.1063/1.1579863 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 692CN UT WOS:000183642900104 ER PT J AU Westwater, ER Stankov, BB Cimini, D Han, Y Shaw, JA Lesht, BM Long, CN AF Westwater, ER Stankov, BB Cimini, D Han, Y Shaw, JA Lesht, BM Long, CN TI Radiosonde humidity soundings and microwave radiometers during Nauru99 SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR RETRIEVALS; TOGA COARE; CLOUD; CONTINUUM; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; DESIGN; BIAS AB During June-July 1999, the NOAA R/V Ron H. Brown (RHB) sailed from Australia to the Republic of Nauru where the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program operates a long-term climate observing station. During July, when the RHB was in close proximity to the island of Nauru, detailed comparisons of ship- and island-based instruments were possible. Essentially identical instruments were operated from the ship and the island's Atmospheric Radiation and Cloud Station (ARCS)-2. These instruments included simultaneously launched Vaisala RS80-H radiosondes, the Environmental Technology Laboratory's (ETL) Fourier transform infrared radiometer (FTIR), and ARM's atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI), as well as cloud radars/ceilometers to identify clear conditions. The ARM microwave radiometer (MWR) operating on Nauru provided another excellent dataset for the entire Nauru99 experiment. The calibration accuracy was verified by a liquid nitrogen blackbody target experiment and by consistent high quality tipping calibrations throughout the experiment. Comparisons were made for calculated clear-sky brightness temperature (T-b) and for precipitable water vapor (PWV). These results indicate that substantial errors, sometimes of the order of 20% in PWV, occurred with the original radiosondes. When a Vaisala correction algorithm was applied, calculated T(b)s were in better agreement with the MWR than were the calculations based on the original data. However, the improvement in T-b comparisons was noticeably different for different radiosonde lots and was not a monotonic function of radiosonde age. Three different absorption algorithms were compared: Liebe and Layton, Liebe et al., and Rosenkranz. Using AERI spectral radiance observations as a comparison standard, scaling of radiosondes by MWR data was compared with both original and corrected soundings. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite & Data Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Westwater, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013; OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X; Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290 NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 20 IS 7 BP 953 EP 971 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)20<953:RHSAMR>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 695AW UT WOS:000183809800001 ER PT J AU Yu, JP Shen, GZ Wang, T Bryant, DA Golbeck, JH McIntosh, L AF Yu, JP Shen, GZ Wang, T Bryant, DA Golbeck, JH McIntosh, L TI Suppressor mutations in the study of photosystem I biogenesis: sll0088 is a previously unidentified gene involved in reaction center accumulation in Synechocystis sp strain PCC 6803 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCOCCUS SP PCC-6301; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; PCC 6803; F-A; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALTERED PSAC; PROTEIN; REPRESSOR; BINDING AB In previous work, some members of our group isolated mutant strains of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 in which point mutations had been inserted into the psaC gene to alter the cysteine residues to the F-A and F-B iron-sulfur clusters in the PsaC subunit of photosystem I (J. P. Yu, I. R. Vassiliev, Y. S. Jung, J. H. Golbeek, and L. McIntosh, J. Biol. Chem. 272:8032-8039, 1997). These mutant strains did not grow photoautotrophically due to suppressed levels of chlorophyll a and photosystem I. In the results described here, we show that suppressor mutations produced strains that are capable of photoautotrophic growth at moderate light intensity (20 mumol m(-2) s(-1)). Two separate suppressor strains of C14S(PsaC), termed CMSPsaC-R62 and C14S(PsaC)-R18, were studied and found to have mutations in a previously uncharacterized open reading frame of the Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 genome named sll0088. C14S(PsaC)-R62 was found to substitute Pro for Arg at residue 161 as the result of a G482-->C change in sll0088, and C14S(PsaC)-R18 was found to have a three-amino-acid insertion of Gly-Tyr-Phe following Cys231 as the result of a TGGTTATTT duplication at T690 in sll0088. These suppressor strains showed near-wild-type levels of chlorophyll a and photosystem 1, yet the serine oxygen ligand to FB was retained as shown by the retention of the S greater than or equal to 3/2 spin state of the [4Fe-4S] cluster. The inactivation of sll0088 by insertion of a kanamycin resistance cartridge in the primary C14S(PsaC) mutant produced an engineered suppressor strain capable of photoautotrophic growth. There was no difference in psaC gene expression or in the amount of PsaC protein assembled in thylakoids between the wild type and an sll0088 deletion mutant. The sll0088 gene encodes a protein predicted to be a transcriptional regulator with sequence similarities to transcription factors in other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, including Arabidopsis thaliana. The protein contains a typical helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif and can be classified as a negative regulator by phylogenetic analysis. This suggests that the product of sll0088 has a role in regulating the biogenesis of photosystem I. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biol Mol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Golbeck, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-31625] NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 185 IS 13 BP 3878 EP 3887 DI 10.1128/JB.185.13.3878-3887.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 692NR UT WOS:000183667600024 PM 12813082 ER PT J AU Imbeni, V Nalla, RK Bosi, C Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO AF Imbeni, V Nalla, RK Bosi, C Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO TI In vitro fracture toughness of human dentin SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE dentin; fracture toughness; fatigue; fractography; notch acuity ID HUMAN-ENAMEL; CYCLIC FATIGUE; BONE; TEMPERATURES; STRENGTH; MODULUS; SHEAR AB The in vitro fracture toughness of human dentin has been reported to be of the order of 3 MParootm. This result, however, is based on a single study for a single orientation, and furthermore involves notched, rather than fatigue precracked, test samples. The present study seeks to obtain an improved, lower-bound, value of the toughness, and to show that previously reported values may be erroneously high because of the absence of a sharp crack as the stress concentrator. Specifically, the average measured critical stress intensity, K-c, for the onset of unstable fracture along an orientation perpendicular to the long axis of the tubules in dentin is found to be 1.8 MParootm in simulated body fluid (Hanks' balanced salt solution), when tested in a three-point bending specimen containing a (nominally) atomically sharp precrack generated during prior fatigue cycling. This is to be compared with a value of 2.7 MParootm measured under identical experimental conditions except that the bend specimen contained a sharp machined notch (of root radius 30-50 mum). The effect of acuity of the precrack on the fracture toughness of human dentin is discussed in the context of these data. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 32 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 66A IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10548 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 697NQ UT WOS:000183950000001 PM 12833425 ER PT J AU Nalla, RK Imbeni, V Kinney, JH Staninec, M Marshall, SJ Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Imbeni, V Kinney, JH Staninec, M Marshall, SJ Ritchie, RO TI In vitro fatigue behavior of human dentin with implications for life prediction SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE dentin; fatigue; SIN behavior; fractography; sustained-load cracking; fatigue-crack growth; fatigue threshold; life prediction ID HEART-VALVE PROSTHESES; CRACK-PROPAGATION; PYROLYTIC-CARBON; DEMINERALIZED HUMAN; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; CERAMIC MATERIALS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; CYCLIC FATIGUE; HUMAN-ENAMEL; BONE AB Although human dentin is known to be susceptible to failure under repetitive cyclic fatigue loading, there are few reports in the literature that reliably quantify this phenomenon. This study seeks to address the paucity of fatigue data through a systematic investigation of the effects of prolonged cyclical loading on human dentin in an environment of ambient temperature Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) at cyclic frequencies of 2 and 20 Hz. The "stress-life" (S/N) data thus obtained are discussed in the context of possible mechanisms of fatigue damage and failure in this material. In addition, stiffness loss data collected in situ during the SIN tests are used to deduce crack velocities and the thresholds for such cracking. These results are presented in a fracture mechanics context as plots of fatigue-crack propagation rates (da/dN) as a function of the stress-intensity range (DeltaK). Such S/N and da/dN-DeltaK data are discussed in light of the development of a framework for a fracture-mechanics-based methodology for the prediction of the fatigue life of teeth. It is concluded that the presence of small (on the order of 250 mum) incipient flaws in human teeth will not radically affect their useful life. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01DE09859] NR 41 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 66A IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10553 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 697NQ UT WOS:000183950000002 PM 12833426 ER PT J AU LiWang, AC McCready, DE Drobny, GP Reid, BR Kennedy, MA AF LiWang, AC McCready, DE Drobny, GP Reid, BR Kennedy, MA TI Observation of a distinct transition in the mode of interconversion of ring pucker conformers in non-crystalline D-ribose-2 '-d from H-2 NMR spin-alignment SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE Arrhenius; deuterium; internal motions; ribose; solid state NMR; spin alignment; X-ray diffraction ID FURANOSE RING; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; A-DNA; B-DNA; DYNAMICS; FLEXIBILITY; RELAXATION; DUPLEX; RNA AB Internal motions of D-ribose selectively H-2-labeled at the 2' position were measured using solid state H-2 NMR experiments. A sample of D-ribose- 2'-d was prepared in a hydrated, non-crystalline state to eliminate effects of crystal-packing. Between temperatures of -74 and - 60degreesC the C2'- H2' bond was observed to undergo two kinds of motions which were similar to those of C2'-H2'/ H2" found previously in crystalline deoxythymidine (Hiyama et al. ( 1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 8609 - 8613): ( 1) Nanosecond motion of small angular displacement with an apparent activation energy of 3.6 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1), and ( 2) millisecond to microsecond motion of large amplitude with an apparent activation energy greater than or equal to4 kcal mol(-1). At -74degreesC, the slow, large-amplitude motion was best characterized as a two-site jump with a correlation time on the millisecond time scale, whereas at - 60degreesC it was diffusive on the microsecond time scale. The slow, large-amplitude motions of the C2'-H2' bond are most likely from interconversions between C2'-endo and C3'-endo by way of the O4'-endo conformation, whereas the fast, small-amplitude motions are probably librations of the C2'-H2' bond within the C2'-endo and C3'-endo potential energy minima. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial & Nano Sci Facil, Biol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP LiWang, AC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, 2128 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM58914-01] NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD JUL PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1023/A:1023899100654 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 681NA UT WOS:000183041200005 PM 12766421 ER PT J AU Basak, SC Balasubramanian, K Gute, BD Mills, D Gorczynska, A Roszak, S AF Basak, SC Balasubramanian, K Gute, BD Mills, D Gorczynska, A Roszak, S TI Prediction of cellular toxicity of halocarbons from computed chemodescriptors: A hierarchical QSAR approach SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS; TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; AROMATIC-AMINES; VAPOR-PRESSURE AB A hierarchical quantitative structure-activity relationship (HiQSAR) approach was used to estimate toxicity and genetic toxicity for a set of 55 halocarbons using computed chemodescriptors. The descriptors consisted of topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), geometrical, semiempirical (AMI) quantum chemical, and ab initio, (STO-3G, 6-31G(d), 6-311G, 6-311G(d), and aug-cc-pVTZ) quantum chemical indices. For the two toxicity endpoints investigated, ARR and D-37, the TC indices gave the best cross-validated R-2 values. The 3-D indices also performed either as well as or slightly superior to the TC indices. For the four categories of quantum chemical indices used for the development of predictive models, the AMI parameters gave the worst performance, and the most advanced ab initio (B3LYP/aug-CC-pVTZ) parameters gave the best results when used alone. This was also the case when the quantum chemical indices were used in the hierarchical QSAR approach for both of the toxicity endpoints, ARR and D-37. The models resulting from HiQSAR are of sufficiently good quality to estimate toxicity of halocarbons from structure. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Wroclaw Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 78 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1109 DI 10.1021/6020054n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 703UA UT WOS:000184298300003 PM 12870899 ER PT J AU Gan, ZT Alexeev, Y Gordon, MS Kendall, RA AF Gan, ZT Alexeev, Y Gordon, MS Kendall, RA TI The parallel implementation of a full configuration interaction program SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CI METHOD; ALGORITHM; SPACES AB Both the replicated and distributed data parallel full configuration interaction (FCI) implementations are described. The implementation of the FCI algorithm is organized in a hybrid strings-integral driven approach. Redundant communication is avoided, and the network performance is further optimized by an improved distributed data interface library. Examples show linear scalability of the distributed data code on both PC and workstation clusters. The new parallel implementation greatly extends the hardware on which parallel FCI calculations can be performed. The timing data on the workstation cluster show great potential for using the new parallel FCI algorithm in expanding applications of complete active space self-consistent field applications. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gan, ZT (reprint author), US DOE, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.1063/1.1575193 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 691BR UT WOS:000183585400007 ER PT J AU Krisch, MJ Miller, JL Butler, LJ Su, H Bersohn, R Shu, J AF Krisch, MJ Miller, JL Butler, LJ Su, H Bersohn, R Shu, J TI Photodissociation dynamics of ethyl ethynyl ether: A new ketenyl radical precursor SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; BRANCHING RATIO; COUPLED-CLUSTER; HCCS RADICALS; VINYL ETHER; COMBUSTION; PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; PRODUCTS; SURFACES AB The work presented here investigates the dynamics of the photodissociation of ethyl ethynyl ether at 193.3 nm with photofragment translational spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence. The data from two crossed laser-molecular beam apparatuses, one with vacuum ultraviolet photoionization detection and one with electron bombardment detection, showed that only cleavage of the C-O bond to form a C2HO radical and a C2H5 (ethyl) radical occurs. We observed neither cleavage of the other C-O bond nor molecular elimination to form C2H4 + CH2CO (ketene). The C2HO radical is formed in two distinct product channels, with 37% of the radicals formed from a channel with recoil kinetic energies extending from about 10 to 70 kcal/mole and the other 63% formed from a channel with lower average recoil energies ranging from 0 to 40 kcal/mole. The measurements using photoionization detection reveal that the C2HO radical formed in the higher recoil kinetic-energy channel has a larger ionization cross section for photon energies between 10.3 and 11.3 eV than the radical formed in the lower recoil kinetic-energy channel, and that the transition to the ion is more vertical. The radicals formed in the higher recoil kinetic-energy channel could be either (X) over tilde((2)A") or (A) over tilde ((2)A') state ketenyl (HCCO) product and the shape of the recoil kinetic-energy distribution fitting this data does not vary with ionization energy between 10.3 and 11.3 eV. The C2HO formed in the channel with the lower kinetic-energy release is likely the spin forbidden a (a) over tilde((4)A") state of the ketenyl radical, reached through intersystem crossing. The (B) over tilde state of ketenyl is energetically inaccessible. We also consider the possibility that the lower kinetic-energy channel forms two other C2HO isomers, the CCOH (hydroxyethynyl) radical or the cyclic oxiryl radical. Signal from laser-induced fluorescence of the HCCO photofragment was detected at the electronic origin and the 5(1)(0) band. The fluorescence signal peaks after a 20 mus delay, indicating that HCCO is formed with a significant amount of internal energy and then subsequently relaxes to the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state. The data show that the photodissociation of ethyl ethynyl ether produces C2HO with unit quantum yield, establishing it as the first clean photolytic precursor of the ketenyl radical, a key species in combustion reactions. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krisch, MJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 1 BP 176 EP 186 DI 10.1063/1.1577318 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 691BR UT WOS:000183585400021 ER PT J AU Ye, Y McCoy, JD Curro, JG AF Ye, Y McCoy, JD Curro, JG TI Application of density functional theory to tethered polymer chains: Effect of intermolecular attractions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SLIT PORE; BRUSHES; SOLVENT; ADSORPTION; MATRICES; SYSTEMS; INTERFACE AB Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study polymer chains, tethered to a surface and in the presence of a solvent. For reasons of computational practicality, it is common practice to remove the explicit solvent molecules from the problem. Contact was made with two such models, which we call the "`implicit-solvent" and "continuum-solvent" approximations. First, DFT was applied to tethered chains in an implicit solvent. Using the equation of state of bead-spring chains as input, we found excellent agreement of the theory with density profiles obtained in molecular dynamics simulations on the same model as a function of temperature. Next, DFT was applied to tethered chains in an incompressible, continuum solvent. Using the Flory-Huggins theory as input, our DFT equations reduced to conventional self-consistent field theory. From our DFT formalism, we demonstrated that the implicit-solvent problem, at a given temperature, is equivalent to the continuum-solvent problem, provided the chi parameter and total density are interpreted appropriately. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McCoy, JD (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404 NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 119 IS 1 BP 555 EP 564 DI 10.1063/1.1577325 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 691BR UT WOS:000183585400065 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Knipmeyer, SE Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Knipmeyer, SE Steele, WV TI Heat capacities, enthalpy increments, and derived thermodynamic functions for pyrazine between the temperatures 5K and 380K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE pyrazine; heat capacity; standard entropy; enthalpy of fusion; triple-point temperature; phase transition ID XYLENE ISOMERIZATION; RECOMMENDED VALUES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; 250 K; RECONCILIATION; EQUILIBRIA AB Heat capacities and enthalpy increments between the temperatures T approximate to 5 K and T approximate to 380 K were measured with adiabatic calorimetry for pyrazine. The triple-point temperature, enthalpy of fusion, heat capacities, and derived thermodynamic functions are reported for the solid and liquid phases. Three solid-to-solid phase transitions were observed, and the transition temperatures and enthalpies are reported. All results are compared with literature values. The adiabatic calorimetric results reported here provide key quantities required for thermodynamic consistency analyses, which can provide needed validations for calculational techniques (ab initio, semi-empirical, statistical, group contribution, etc.). Such validations are currently lacking for polyazines, such as pyrazine. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Petrol & Energy Res, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Phys Properties Res Facil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1059 EP 1072 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(03)00041-7 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 696CN UT WOS:000183868300002 ER PT J AU Anderson, GK AF Anderson, GK TI Enthalpy of dissociation and hydration number of carbon dioxide hydrate from the Clapeyron equation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide hydrate; enthalpy of dissociation; hydration number ID CO2 HYDRATE; METHANE; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLUBILITY; PROPANE; GROWTH; ETHANE; WATER; HEAT AB The enthalpies of the reactions in which carbon dioxide hydrate is dissociated to carbon dioxide vapor and either water or ice are determined by an analysis with the Clapeyron equation. The most important feature of the new analysis is the direct use of the Clapeyron equation rather than the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The analysis takes into account the finite volumes of the condensed phases, the nonideality of the vapor phase, and the solubility of carbon dioxide in water. New data for the solubility in the vicinity of the (water + hydrate + vapor) coexistence curve are employed. The enthalpy change of the reaction CO2 . nH(2)O(s) = CO2(g)+nH(2)O(1) is found to vary from (63.6 +/- 1.8) kJ . mol(-1) to (57.7 +/- 1.8) kJ . mol(-1) between quadruple points Q1 and Q2, and the hydration number varies from (6.6 +/- 0.3) to (5.6 +/- 0.3) over the same range. The results are compared to values reported in the literature that were determined by various techniques. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, GK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J-567,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1171 EP 1183 DI 10.1016/S0021-9614(03)00093-4 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 696CN UT WOS:000183868300012 ER PT J AU James, SC Chrysikopoulos, CV AF James, SC Chrysikopoulos, CV TI Effective velocity and effective dispersion coefficient for finite-sized particles flowing in a uniform fracture SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE effective parameters; polydisperse; colloids; transport; uniform aperture fracture ID SPATIALLY-VARIABLE APERTURE; MODELING COLLOID TRANSPORT; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; SINGLE FRACTURE; POROUS-MEDIA; 2-DIMENSIONAL FRACTURE; CONVECTIVE DIFFUSION; SATURATED FRACTURES; TAYLOR DISPERSION; REACTIVE SOLUTE AB In this work we derive expressions for the effective velocity and effective dispersion coefficient for finite-sized spherical particles with neutral buoyancy flowing within a water saturated fracture. We considered the miscible displacement of a fluid initially free of particles by another fluid containing particles of finite size in suspension within a fracture formed by two semi-infinite parallel plates. Particle spreading occurs due to the combined actions of molecular diffusion and the dispersive effect of the Poiseuille velocity profile. Unlike Taylor dispersion, here the finite size of the particles is taken into account. It is shown that because the finite size of a particle excludes it from the slowest moving portion of the velocity profile, the effective particle velocity is increased, while the overall particle dispersion is reduced. A similar derivation applied to particles flowing in uniform tubes yields analogous results. The effective velocity and dispersion coefficient derived in this work for particle transport in fractures with uniform aperture are unique and ideally suited for use in particle tracking models. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP James, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/F-1783-2013; OI Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos/0000-0003-4722-8697; James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 263 IS 1 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00254-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 692KF UT WOS:000183659700038 PM 12804914 ER PT J AU Kucharik, M Shashkov, M Wendroff, B AF Kucharik, M Shashkov, M Wendroff, B TI An efficient linearity-and-bound-preserving remapping method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE conservative interpolation; remapping; ALE methods AB In this paper we describe an efficient, local-bound-preserving conservative interpolation (remapping) algorithm, which is exact for a global linear function (linearity-preserving). The algorithm is based on reconstruction, approximate integration and mass re-distribution. We demonstrate our new algorithm on a series of numerical examples. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic. RP Shashkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T 7, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2 BP 462 EP 471 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00187-6 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 695GN UT WOS:000183822900006 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Knoll, DA AF Chacon, L Knoll, DA TI A 2D high-beta Hall MHD implicit nonlinear solver SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hall MHD; implicit differencing; Newton-Krylov; Jacobian-free; nonlinear PDE; Schur complement ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC COMPUTATIONS; ALGORITHM; SIMULATION; CHALLENGE; SYSTEMS; GMRES; FLOW AB A nonlinear, fully implicit solver for a 2D high-beta (incompressible) Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) model is proposed. The task in non-trivial because HMHD supports the whistler wave. This wave is dispersive (omega similar to k(2)) and therefore results in diffusion-like numerical stability limits for explicit time integration methods. For HMHD, implicit approaches using time steps above the explicit numerical stability limits result in diagonally submissive Jacobian systems. Such systems are difficult to invert with iterative techniques. In this study, Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov iterative methods are employed for a fully implicit, nonlinear integration, and a semi-implicit (SI) preconditioner strategy, developed on the basis of a Schur complement analysis, is proposed. The SI preconditioner transforms the coupled hyperbolic whistler system into a fourth-order, parabolic, diagonally dominant PDE, amenable to iterative techniques. Efficiency and accuracy results are presented demonstrating that an efficient fully implicit implementation (i.e., faster than explicit methods) is indeed possible without sacrificing numerical accuracy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chacon, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, T-15 Theoret Plasma Phys,MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2 BP 573 EP 592 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00193-1 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 695GN UT WOS:000183822900011 ER PT J AU Adams, M Brezina, M Hu, J Tuminaro, R AF Adams, M Brezina, M Hu, J Tuminaro, R TI Parallel multigrid smoothing: polynomial versus Gauss-Seidel SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multigrid; Gauss-Seidel; polynomial iteration; smoothers; parallel computing ID AGGREGATION AB Gauss-Seidel is often the smoother of choice within multigrid applications. In the context of unstructured meshes, however, maintaining good parallel efficiency is difficult with multiplicative iterative methods such as Gauss-Seidel. This leads us to consider alternative smoothers. We discuss the computational advantages of polynomial smoothers within parallel multigrid algorithms for positive definite symmetric systems. Two particular polynomials are considered: Chebyshev and a multilevel specific polynomial. The advantages of polynomial smoothing over traditional smoothers such as Gauss-Seidel are illustrated on several applications: Poisson's equation, thin-body elasticity, and eddy current approximations to Maxwell's equations. While parallelizing the Gauss-Seidel method typically involves a compromise between a scalable convergence rate and maintaining high flop rates, polynomial smoothers achieve parallel scalable multigrid convergence rates without sacrificing flop rates. We show that, although parallel computers are the main motivation, polynomial smoothers are often surprisingly competitive with Gauss-Seidel smoothers on serial machines. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tuminaro, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Math & Algorithms, POB 969,MS 9217, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2 BP 593 EP 610 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00194-3 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 695GN UT WOS:000183822900012 ER PT J AU Averbuch, A Israeli, M Nathan, M Ravve, I AF Averbuch, A Israeli, M Nathan, M Ravve, I TI Surface evolution in bare bamboo-type metal lines under diffusion and electric field effects SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL SET APPROACH; ELECTROMECHANICALLY-INDUCED FAILURE; ELECTROMIGRATION-INDUCED FAILURE; TRANSGRANULAR VOID PROPAGATION; SIMULATING INTERFACE MOTION; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; THIN-FILMS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; 2-DIMENSIONAL VOIDS; UNIFIED MODEL AB Irregularities such as voids and cracks often occur in bamboo-type metal lines of microelectronic interconnects. They increase the resistance of the circuits, and may even lead to a fatal failure. In this work, we analyze numerically the electromigration of an unpassivated bamboo-type line with pre-existing irregularities in its top surface (also called a grain-void interface). The bamboo line is subjected to surface diffusion forces and external electric fields. Under these forces, initial defects may either heal or become worse. The grain-void interface is considered to be one-dimensional, and the physical formulation of an electromigration and diffusion model results in two coupled, fourth order, one-dimensional time-dependent PDEs, with the boundary conditions imposed at the electrode points and at the triple point, which belongs to two neighboring grains and the void. These equations are discretized by finite differences on a regular grid in space, and by a Runge-Kutta integration scheme in time, and solved simultaneously with a static Laplace equation describing the voltage distribution throughout each grain, when the substrate conductivity is neglected. Since the voltage distribution is required only along an interface line, the two-dimensional discretization of the grain interior is not needed, and the static problem is solved by the boundary element method at each time step. The motion of the interface line is studied for different ratios between diffusion and electric field forces, and for different initial configurations of the grain-void interface. We study plain and tilted contour lines, considering positive and negative tilts with respect to the external electric field, a stepped contour with field lines entering or exiting the 'step', and a number of modifications of the classical Mullins problem of thermal grooving. We also consider a two-grain Mullins problem with a normal and tilted boundary between the grains, examining positive and negative tilts. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Dept Comp Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Elect Engn Phys Elect, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Averbuch, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Dept Comp Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 2 BP 640 EP 677 DI 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00199-2 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 695GN UT WOS:000183822900014 ER PT J AU He, XS Sun, XH von Laszewski, G AF He, XS Sun, XH von Laszewski, G TI QoS guided Min-Min heuristic for Grid task scheduling SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Grid and Cooperative Computing (GCC2002) CY DEC, 2002 CL HAINAN, PEOPLES R CHINA DE task scheduling; Grid computing; Quality of Service (QoS); non-dedicated computing ID SERVICE AB Task scheduling is an integrated component of computing. With the emergence of Grid and ubiquitous computing, new challenges appear in task scheduling based on properties such as security, quality of service, and lack of central control within distributed administrative domains. A Grid task scheduling framework must be able to deal with these issues. One of the goals of Grid task scheduling is to achieve high system throughput while matching applications with the available computing resources. This matching of resources in a non-deterministically shared heterogeneous environment leads to concerns over Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper a novel QoS guided task scheduling algorithm for Grid computing is introduced. The proposed novel algorithm is based on a general adaptive scheduling heuristics that includes QoS guidance. The algorithm is evaluated within a simulated Grid environment. The experimental results show that the new QoS guided Min-Min heuristic can lead to significant performance gain for a variety of applications. The approach is compared with others based on the quality of the prediction formulated by inaccurate information. C1 IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP He, XS (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 22 TC 138 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 16 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1000-9000 J9 J COMPUT SCI TECHNOL JI J. Comput. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 442 EP 451 DI 10.1007/BF02948918 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 709YG UT WOS:000184653700005 ER PT J AU Lenczewski, M Jardine, P McKay, L Layton, A AF Lenczewski, M Jardine, P McKay, L Layton, A TI Natural attenuation of trichloroethylene in fractured shale bedrock SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; biodegradation; fractured shale bedrock; natural attenuation ID REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; TETRACHLOROETHENE; DEGRADATION; TOLUENE; CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE; COMETABOLISM; HYDROCARBONS; POPULATIONS; BACTERIUM AB This paper describes one of the first well-documented field examples of natural attenuation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater in a fractured shale bedrock. The study was carried out adjacent to a former waste burial site in Waste Area Grouping 5 (WAG5) on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, TN. A contaminant plume containing TCE and its daughter products were detected downgradient from the buried waste pits, with most of the contamination occurring in the upper 6 in of the bedrock. The monitoring well array consists of a 35-m-long transect of multilevel sampling wells, situated along a line between the waste pits and a seep which discharges into a small stream. Concentrations of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) were highest in the waste trenches and decreased with distance downgradient towards the seep. Sampling wells indicated the presence of overlapping plumes of TCE, cis-dichloroethylene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), ethylene, ethane, and methane, with the daughter products extending further downgradient than the parent (TCE). This type of distribution suggests anaerobic biodegradation. Measurements of redox potential at the site indicated that iron-reduction, sulfate reduction, and potentially methanogensis were occurring and are conducive to dechlorination of TCE. Bacteria enrichment of groundwater samples revealed the presence of methanotrophs, methanogens, iron-reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, all of which have previously been implicated in anaerobic biodegradation of TCE. 16S rDNA sequence from DNA extracted from two wells were similar to sequences of organisms previously implicated in the anaerobic biodegradation of chlorinated solvents. The combined data strongly suggest that anaerobic biodegradation of the highly chlorinated compounds is occurring. Aerobic biodegradation may also be occurring in oxygenated zones, including near a seep where groundwater exits the site, or in the upper bedrock during seasonal fluctuations in water table elevation and oxygen levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Lenczewski, M (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00090-6 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 695DQ UT WOS:000183816200001 PM 12814878 ER PT J AU Choudhury, D Ghoshal, D Jatkar, DP Panda, S AF Choudhury, D Ghoshal, D Jatkar, DP Panda, S TI Hybrid inflation and brane-antibrane system SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology with extra dimensions; string theory and cosmology ID TACHYON MATTER; COSMOLOGY AB We study a string theory inspired model for hybrid inflation in the context of a brane-antibrane system partially compactified on a compact submanifold of (a caricature of) a Calabi - Yau manifold. The interbrane distance acts as the inflaton, whereas the end of the inflationary epoch is brought about by the rapid rolling of the tachyon. The number of e-foldings is sufficiently large and is controlled by the initial conditions. The slow roll parameters, however, are essentially determined by the geometry and have little parametric dependence. Primordial density fluctuations can be made consistent with current data at the cost of reducing the string scale. C1 Harish Chandra Res Inst, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choudhury, D (reprint author), Harish Chandra Res Inst, Chhatnag Rd, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM debchou@mri.ernet.in; ghoshal@mri.ernet.in; dileep@mri.ernet.in; panda@mri.ernet.in NR 80 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 IS 7 AR 009 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 729EQ UT WOS:000185760100009 ER PT J AU Kolb, EW Servant, G Tait, TMP AF Kolb, EW Servant, G Tait, TMP TI The radionactive universe SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter; cosmology with extra dimensions; extra dimensions; inflation ID SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; GAUGE-FIELDS; DARK-MATTER; TEV; COMPACTIFICATION; STABILIZATION; CONSTRAINTS; MILLIMETER; INFLATION AB In a large class of extra-dimensional models, a scalar degree of freedom known as the radion is long-lived, or even stable, on cosmological scales. In this paper we investigate the impact of radionactivity on the evolution of the universe. We demonstrate that whether the radion overcloses the universe, constitutes the dark matter, is the inflaton, the curvaton, or does not play any role in cosmology, depends crucially on the ratio between the energy densities stored in the radion and in the inflaton at the time of inflation. We discuss the general difficulties in reconciling models with low compactification scale (i.e., TeV scale) with the simple picture of inflation. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rocky@fnal.gov; servant@theory.uchicago.edu; tait@fnal.gov NR 66 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 IS 7 AR 008 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2003/07/008 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 729EQ UT WOS:000185760100008 ER PT J AU Ederer, C Komelj, M Davenport, JW Fahnle, M AF Ederer, C Komelj, M Davenport, JW Fahnle, M TI Comment on the analysis of angle-dependent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in systems with reduced dimensionality SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE angle-dependent XMCD; magnetic dipole term; monatomic Co wires; abinitio electron theory ID ORBITAL POLARIZATION; TRANSITION-METALS; SUM-RULES; ANISOTROPY; ABSORPTION AB The magnetic dipole term (T) appearing in the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spin sum rule can be eliminated from the analysis within the spin sum rule by angle-dependent XMCD spectroscopy if the effects of spin-orbit coupling are small so that (T-x) + (T-y) + (T-z) approximate to 0. It is shown by the ab initio electron theory for the extreme case of a low-dimensional system, i.e., for a free-standing monatomic Co wire that this relation is strongly violated, indicating that the determination of (T) by the angle-dependent XMCD is possibly not very reliable for low-dimensional magnetic systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Fahnle, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Ederer, Claude/F-5420-2010 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(03)00086-0 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 700UX UT WOS:000184130500012 ER PT J AU Kaya, A Ertugrul, M AF Kaya, A Ertugrul, M TI Measurement of L X-ray production fluorescence cross sections and L-i subshell yields SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Coster-Kronig; cross-section; fluorescence yield; photoionization; X-ray; XRF ID ATOMIC RANGE 73-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-Z-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-92; HEAVY-ELEMENTS; KEV PHOTONS; L-ALPHA; PHOTOIONIZATION; 79-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-Z-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-92 AB L-i (i = 1, 2 and 3) X-ray production cross sections have been measured for 14 elements in the atomic number range 55 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 81 at 15.73 keV. The values of L-i subshell fluorescence yields (w(1), w(2) and w(3)) have been determined using the presently measured X-ray production cross sections and the theoretical Li subshell photoionization cross sections values, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities and radiative emission rates. The measured X-ray production (XRP) cross-sections and fluorescence yield values were compared with the theoretical and semi empirical values, respectively. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ataturk Univ, Dept Phys, Agri Educ Fac, Agri, Turkey. Ataturk Univ, Dept Phys, KK Educ Fac, Erzurum, Turkey. RP Ertugrul, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 6010,Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6354, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ertugrul, Mehmet/J-1443-2014 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1-3 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(03)00089-6 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 700UX UT WOS:000184130500014 ER PT J AU Proctor, DD AF Proctor, DD TI Low-resolution pattern recognition-sorting triples in the FIRST database SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; RADIO-SOURCES; CLASSIFICATION; GALAXIES; MOMENTS AB The application of pattern recognition techniques to the data from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters Survey (FIRST) is explored. The methodology developed for the automatic classification of a particular type of radio-source morphology, the so-called "bent doubles" is described. While the procedures and techniques for doing supervised pattern recognition using accurately classified training sets, high-resolution images, and determinate shapes are well established, there exists little guidance for dealing with more ambiguous populations. The implications of low resolution for pattern recognition are discussed and methods for dealing with more ambiguous populations are presented. Bent doubles with three components are considered. With approximately 6% of the catalog sources being a component of a triple, visual classification suggests that approximately 6% of triples are bent. In addition to the problems associated with low resolution, the classification task is complicated by the lack of scale and orientation information, the chance superposition of sources, the very ambiguous nature of the visual classifications, and the considerable variation in bent morphology. For a bent or ambiguous or nonbent visual classification, classifiers are presented that produce results having up to an 80% recognition rate when looking at the top-ranked 16% of sources. The associated nonambiguous false positive rate vanes between 14 and 18%. Given that recognition rates cannot be expected to be better than the accuracy of the training set, this is believed to be within a few percent of the maximum recognition rates attainable without an observationally verified training set. Decision tree and neural network results are compared and show, within associated errors, substantially equivalent results. Ranking of sources is demonstrated and the highest-ranked sources are in good agreement with visual classifications. In addition to providing determinate expressions for characterizing the target class, the resulting distributions suggest that the automated classifications constrain the target class in a better manner than the visual classifications. (C) 2003 SPIE and IST. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Proctor, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 398 EP 409 DI 10.1117/1.1577350 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 707PP UT WOS:000184519300004 ER PT J AU Burger, A Groza, M Cui, Y Hillman, D Brewer, E Bilikiss, A Wright, GW Li, L Fu, F James, RB AF Burger, A Groza, M Cui, Y Hillman, D Brewer, E Bilikiss, A Wright, GW Li, L Fu, F James, RB TI Characterization of large single-crystal gamma-ray detectors of cadmium zinc telluride SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 13-15, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA, Res Lab, USA, SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Miner, Mat & Mat Soc DE CdZnTe room-temperature detector; photoconductivity; Pockels effect; internal electric-field distribution ID ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; CDZNTE RADIATION DETECTORS; SURFACE RECOMBINATION; LARGE-VOLUME; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; BIAS AB The need for large, room-temperature gamma-ray spectrometers to be fabricated from a single crystalline section of a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) boule was recently met by progress in crystal growth of high-resistivity material. The characterization of such large crystals provides us with an opportunity to better understand the detector physics and apply characterization techniques, which were difficult to implement and analyze on smaller crystals. In this study, metal-semiconductor-metal, planar-CZT detectors were fabricated from large (approximately 9 x 9 x 6 mm(3)), CZT single crystals. We have investigated the relationship between the results of the electric-field mapping via Pockels effect, photoconductivity data, and detector performance. Changes in the surface recombination and device characteristics showing departure from symmetry are caused and revealed by variations in the surface preparation. C1 Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Yinnel Tech Inc, South Bend, IN 46619 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Burger, A (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 756 EP 760 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0066-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LW UT WOS:000184281700031 ER PT J AU Franc, J Fielderle, M Babentsov, V Fauler, A Benz, KW James, R AF Franc, J Fielderle, M Babentsov, V Fauler, A Benz, KW James, R TI Defect structure of Sn-doped CdTe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 13-15, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA, Res Lab, USA, SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Miner, Mat & Mat Soc DE Bridgman technique; cadmium compounds; semiconducting II-VI materials ID DEEP LEVELS; CRYSTALS; CD1-XZNXTE; DETECTORS AB A complex investigation of defect structure of high-resistivity, Sn-doped CdTe grown by vertical-gradient freeze and Bridgman methods by a number of optical, photoelectrical, and electrical methods was performed. High-resistive and photosensitive material, potentially interesting for fabrication of x- and gamma-ray detectors, was produced in 80% of the crystal volume. A model of energy levels dominating the recombination processes in the material was elaborated, where the role of Sn and Fe-related as well as native defects (Cd vacancy) is discussed. C1 Charles Univ, Inst Phys, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Univ Freiburg, Inst Kristallog, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Franc, J (reprint author), Charles Univ, Inst Phys, KE Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic. RI Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017 OI Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 772 EP 777 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0069-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LW UT WOS:000184281700034 ER PT J AU Chu, MR Terterian, S Ting, D Wang, CC Benson, JD Dinan, JH James, RB Burger, A AF Chu, MR Terterian, S Ting, D Wang, CC Benson, JD Dinan, JH James, RB Burger, A TI Effects of excess tellurium on the properties of CdZnTe radiation detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 13-15, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA, Res Lab, USA, SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Miner, Mat & Mat Soc DE CdZnTe; radiation detector; gamma-ray detector; defect; tellurium antisite; deep level; cadmium vacancy; inhomogeneity; HgCdTe ID COMPENSATION; CDTE; MODEL AB Room-temperature radiation detectors have been fabricated on high-resistivity, indium-doped Cd0.90Zn0.10Te crystals grown under different amounts of excess Te. The effects of the excess Te on the properties of the detectors are explained by a simple model using only three parameters: the density of Cd vacancies, the density of Te antisites (Te at Cd sites), and the deep level of doubly ionized Te antisites. The best detectors, which can resolve the low-energy Np-L and Te-K peaks as well as Cd and Te escape peaks of Am-241, are produced from crystals grown with 1.5% excess Te. The detectors fabricated from crystals grown without excess Te are unable to resolve any characteristic-radiation peaks of Am-241 and Co-57. This result is explained by a model of networked p-type domains in an n-type matrix or vice versa, which is caused by the lack of sufficient deep-level Te antisites. Such conduction-type inhomogeneity causes massive electron and hole trapping. As for the detectors fabricated from Cd0.90Zn0.10Te crystals grown with 2% and 3% excess Te, they are able to resolve the Am-241 59.5-keV, Co-57 122-keV, and Co-57 136-keV radiation peaks. However, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of these peaks are broadened, especially the high-energy Co-57 peaks. These phenomena are attributed to the hole and, possibly, electron trapping by Cd vacancies and Te antisites, respectively. The result of the analysis indicates that sufficient Te antisites and a low density of carrier traps in Cd0.90Zn0.10Te are essential for producing high-quality radiation detectors. In the analysis, it was discovered that most of the excess Te, on the order of 1-2 x 10(20) cm(-3), remain electrically inactive. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that the excess Te atoms form neutral Te-antisite and Cd-vacancy complexes, such as Te-Cd.(V-Cd)(2), during the post-growth cooling process. C1 Fermion Corp, Simi Valley, CA 93063 USA. USA, RDECOM, CERDEC, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chu, MR (reprint author), Fermion Corp, Simi Valley, CA 93063 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 778 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0070-x PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LW UT WOS:000184281700035 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Holcomb, DE Griffiths, CO Groza, M Burger, A Li, L Lu, F AF Jellison, GE Holcomb, DE Griffiths, CO Groza, M Burger, A Li, L Lu, F TI Internal electric field measurements in cadmium zinc telluride using transmission two-modulator generalized ellipsometry SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 13-15, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA, Res Lab, USA, SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Miner, Mat & Mat Soc DE CdZnTe; ellipsometry; Pockels coefficient ID RADIATION DETECTORS AB Transmission two-modulator generalized ellipsometry (2-MGE) is used in conjunction with an x-y scanning lens to map the retardation, diattenuation, fast axis angle, depolarization, and circular diattenuation of a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) crystal under applied voltage. These measurements indicate the presence of an internal electric field, which does not extend throughout the entire CZT crystal, even at the highest voltages applied. Furthermore, the voltage-induced retardation is approximately quadratic with applied voltage, and is time-dependent, with a fast component with a time constant less than 0.06 sec and a slow component with a time constant of similar to1.3 sec. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hinds Instruments Inc, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Yinnel Tech Inc, South Bend, IN 46619 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0072-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LW UT WOS:000184281700037 ER PT J AU Terterian, S Chu, M Ting, D Wu, LC Wang, CC Szawlowski, M Vissor, G Luke, PN AF Terterian, S Chu, M Ting, D Wu, LC Wang, CC Szawlowski, M Vissor, G Luke, PN TI Uniformity and reproducibility studies of low-pressure-grown Cd0.90Zn0.10Te crystalline materials for radiation detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 13-15, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP USA, CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA, Res Lab, USA, SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Miner, Mat & Mat Soc DE CdZnTe; Bridgman growth; gamma-ray detectors AB A large number of room-temperature detectors have been produced from CdZnTe crystals grown with 10% Zn and 1.5% excess tellurium by the low-pressure, vertical-Bridgman technique. Radiation spectra obtained by these crystals using a Am-241 source reveal the characteristic 59.5-keV line as well as the six low-energy peaks, which include the Cd and Te escape peaks. Similarly, Co-57 spectra obtained also show a very well-defined 122-keV peak with a 3:1 peak-to-valley ratio. Seven CdZnTe crystals have been grown for reproducibility studies. Four of these crystals have resistivities over 1E9 Omega-cm. Considering that the indium-doping level is on the order of 2E15 cm(-3), the reproducibility is excellent. The theoretical basis of the high-resistivity phenomenon in CdZnTe is discussed in reference to a previous paper. The uniformity of these 6-in.-long CdZnTe crystals is studied, and various measurements are carried out, both laterally and vertically, along the boule. It is determined that, in general, roughly a 3.5-in. section near the middle of the 6-in. boule has sufficient resistivity for producing radiation detectors. This nonuniformity along the vertical direction is caused mostly by the composition change of Cd, Zn, Te, and In-doping level in the growth melt caused by differences in the segregation coefficients of these elements. Although, variations in resistivity are seen across some of the wafer slices, most show very good uniformity with high breakdown voltage. Some of the variations are attributed to the different grains within the boule. Similar results are seen in the measured radiation spectra obtain on 4 mm x 4 mm x 2 mm samples from different locations across the wafer, where some samples show well-resolved secondary peaks, while others display only the primary spectral lines. C1 Fermion Corp, Simi Valley, CA USA. Adv Photonix Inc, Camarillo, CA USA. Nova R&D Inc, Riverside, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Terterian, S (reprint author), Fermion Corp, Simi Valley, CA USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 796 EP 802 DI 10.1007/s11664-003-0073-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LW UT WOS:000184281700038 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Zhang, BH AF Zhang, JS Zhang, BH TI Dean equations extended to a rotating helical pipe flow SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE pipe flow; secondary flow; Coriolis; curvature; perturbation ID ELLIPTIC CROSS-SECTION; CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER; STEADY LAMINAR-FLOW; CURVED PIPE; FLUID-FLOW; TORSION; DUCT AB In this paper, the fully developed laminar flow in a rotating helical elliptical pipe is examined theoretically. This study focuses on the combined effects of the rotation, the curvature, the torsion, and the shape of cross section. The secondary flow and the fluid particle trajectory are discussed for different elliptical cross sections in the range of -2less than or equal tosigmaless than or equal to1, where sigma represents the ratio of the Coriolis force to the centrifugal force. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2003 VL 129 IS 7 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:7(823) PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 692GJ UT WOS:000183652800013 ER PT J AU Love, AH Esser, BK Hunt, JR AF Love, AH Esser, BK Hunt, JR TI Reconstructing contaminant deposition in a San Francisco Bay marina, California SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE water pollution; history; sediment; metals; California; San Francisco; hydrocarbons ID HEAVY-METALS; HISTORICAL TRENDS; ESTUARY SEDIMENTS; LAKE SEDIMENTS; PB-210; ACCUMULATION; POLLUTION; STATION; GEORGIA; CARBON AB Two sediment cores were collected from a marina in the San Francisco Bay to characterize historical sediment contamination resulting from the direct discharge of industrial wastewater from Naval Air Station Alameda. Depth profiles of trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and radionuclides were determined with a 12-cm spacing down to a depth of 120 cm. The chronology of sediment accumulation is established by depth profiles of sedimentary time markers in conjunction with information on site history. The traditional approach of determining sediment accumulation rates by measuring atmospheric Pb-210 deposition was obscured by a larger source of Pb-210 in the sediments from the decay of anthropogenic Ra-226, likely from luminescent paints used at this facility and released to the marina. The sedimentation rates inferred from the data indicate that the greatest amount of contamination by trace metals and petroleum hydrocarbons took place between 1940 and 1960. In addition, anthropogenic Ra-226 activities are positively correlated with some of the contaminants in the sediments, allowing the wastewater discharged from the facility to be distinguished from baywide contamination. In locations such as this, where there is a complex history of contaminant deposition, a source-specific tracer may be the only feasible method of attributing historical contamination to a point source. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 631 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004705, P42 ES004705-180026] NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 2003 VL 129 IS 7 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:7(659) PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692GG UT WOS:000183652600012 PM 20333267 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Gu, B Watson, DB Roh, Y AF Phillips, DH Gu, B Watson, DB Roh, Y TI Impact of sample preparation on mineralogical analysis of zero-valent iron reactive barrier materials SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE GREEN RUST; PERFORMANCE; CONTAMINANTS; REDUCTION; COLUMNS AB Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) of zero-valent iron (Fe-0) are increasingly being used to remediate contaminated ground water. Corrosion of Fe-0 filings and the formation of precipitates can occur when the PRB material comes in contact with ground water and may reduce the lifespan and effectiveness of the barrier. At present, there are no routine procedures for preparing and analyzing the mineral precipitates from Fe-0 PRB material. These procedures are needed because mineralogical composition of corrosion products used to interpret the barrier processes can change with iron oxidation and sample preparation. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate a method of preparing Fe-0 reactive barrier material for mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and (ii) to identify Fe mineral phases and rates of transformations induced by different mineralogical preparation techniques. Materials from an in situ Fe-0 PRB were collected by undisturbed coring and processed for XRD analysis after different times since sampling for three size fractions and by various drying treatments. We found that whole-sample preparation for analysis was necessary because mineral precipitates occurred within the PRB material in different size fractions of the samples. Green rusts quickly disappeared from acetone-dried samples and were not present in air-dried and oven-dried samples. Maghemite/magnetite content increased over time and in oven-dried samples, especially after heating to 105degreesC. We conclude that care must be taken during sample preparation of Fe-0 PRB material, especially for detection of green rusts, to ensure accurate identification of minerals present within the barrier system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phillips, DH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dhphillips2003@yahoo.com RI Phillips, Debra/F-1828-2010; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Phillips, Debra/0000-0001-8548-7409; Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 EI 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1299 EP 1305 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700EN UT WOS:000184099800016 PM 12931885 ER PT J AU Zhan, CG Dixon, DA Matsuzawa, NN Ishitani, A Uda, T AF Zhan, CG Dixon, DA Matsuzawa, NN Ishitani, A Uda, T TI Time-dependent density functional theory calculations of the photoabsorption of fluorinated alkanes SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 224th ACS National Meeting CY AUG 11-22, 2002 CL Boston, MA SP ACS DE fluorinated alkanes; photoabsorption spectra; density functional theory; Rydberg transitions ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET REGION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; EXCITED-STATES; DYNAMIC POLARIZABILITIES; ELECTRONIC-ABSORPTION; RESPONSE THEORY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of the transition energies and oscillator strengths of fluorinated alkanes have been performed. The TD-DFT method with the non-local B3LYP potential yields transition energies for the methanes, which are smaller by about 10% as compared to the experimental values. An empirical linear correlation was found between the calculated and experimental transition energies both at the B3LYP/DZ + Ryd(C, F) and B3LYP/cc-pVTZ + Ryd(C, F, H) levels for a total of 19 transitions of the fluorinated methanes with linear correlation coefficients of 0.987 for the former and 0.988 for the latter. This empirical correlation for fluorinated methane molecules is found to agree well with the previously obtained empirical correlations between calculated and experimental values for non-fluorinated molecules. The results show that a single empirical-correlation relationship can be used for both non-fluorinated and fluorinated molecules to predict transition energies. This linear relationship is then used to predict the photoabsorption spectra of ethane, propane, butane, and partially and fully fluorinated derivatives. A key result of these calculations is the dominance of Rydberg transitions in the spectral region of interest. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. ASET, NTT Atsugi Res & Dev Ctr, Atsugi Res Ctr, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. JRCAT, Natl Inst Adv Interdisciplinary Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Environm Mol Sci Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,K1-83,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.dixon@pnl.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 EI 1873-3328 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 122 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(03)00077-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 699CL UT WOS:000184038300005 ER PT J AU Grassi, PA Hurth, T Quadri, A AF Grassi, PA Hurth, T Quadri, A TI Super background field method for N=2 SYM SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE renormalization regularization and renormalons; topological field theories; BRST symmetry; extended supersymmetry ID YANG-MILLS THEORY; SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE-THEORIES; ALGEBRAIC RENORMALIZATION; BRST COHOMOLOGY; STANDARD MODEL; 4 DIMENSIONS; SIGMA-MODEL; ONE-LOOP; INVARIANT; TRANSFORMATIONS AB The implementation of the Background Field Method (BFM) for quantum field theories is analysed within the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism. We provide a systematic way of constructing general splittings of the fields into classical and quantum parts, such that the background transformations of the quantum fields are linear in the quantum variables. This leads to linear Ward-Takahashi identities for the background invariance and to great simplifications in multiloop computations. In addition, the gauge fixing is obtained by means of (anti)canonical transformations generated by the gauge-fixing fermion. Within this framework we derive the BFM for the N = 2 super-Yang-Mills theory in the Wess-Zumino gauge viewed as the twisted version of Donaldson-Witten topological gauge theory. We obtain the background transformations for the full BRST differential of N = 2 super-Yang-Mills (including gauge transformations, SUSY transformations and translations). The BFM permits all observables of the supersymmetric theory to be identified easily by computing the equivariant cohomology of the topological theory. These results should be regarded as a step towards the construction of a super BFM for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. RP Grassi, PA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM pgrassi@insti.physics.sunysb.edu; tobias.hurth@cern.ch; quadri@mppmu.mpg.de NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2003 IS 7 AR 008 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 737QP UT WOS:000186243500008 ER PT J AU Groves, JT Dustin, ML AF Groves, JT Dustin, ML TI Supported planar bilayers in studies on immune cell adhesion and communication SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Review DE supported planar bilayers; immune cell adhesion; bilayer technology; nanotechnology ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-3; POLYMER-CUSHIONED BILAYERS; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; LIPID-BILAYER; T-CELLS; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; MOLECULE-1 ICAM-1; FLUORESCENCE INTERFERENCE; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE AB Supported planar bilayers have been used extensively in immunology to study molecular interactions at interfaces as a model for cell-cell interaction. Examples include Fc receptor-mediated adhesion and signaling and formation of the immunological synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. The advantage of the supported planar bilayer system is control of the bilayer composition and the optical advantages of imaging the cell-bilayer or bilayer-bilayer interface by various types of trans-, epi- and total internal reflection illumination. Supported planar bilayers are simple to form by liposome fusion and recent advances in micro- and nanotechnology greatly extend the power of supported bilayers to address key questions in immunology and cell biology. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Dustin, ML (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Dept Pathol, 540 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 123 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 8 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUL PY 2003 VL 278 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(03)00193-5 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 722NC UT WOS:000185381100002 PM 12957393 ER PT J AU Karbowiak, M Edelstein, NM Drozdzynski, J AF Karbowiak, M Edelstein, NM Drozdzynski, J TI Energy transfer and upconversion of Nd3+ doped RbY2Cl7 SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE upconversion; RbY2Cl7 : Nd3+; laser selective excitation and emission; excited state absorption; energy transfer ID CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; UP-CONVERSION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DYNAMICS; IONS; RBGD2BR7 AB Single crystals of Nd3+ :Rby(2)Cl(7) were grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. The host crystal contains two slightly inequivalent Y3+ ions, each with an approximate C-2v, site symmetry. Anti-Stokes emission from the (4)G(7/2) and D-4(3/2) levels was observed after laser excitation of the F-4(3/2) and F-4(9/2) multiplets. Laser excitation at 413 cm(-1) or 453 cm(-1) above the F-4(3/2) multiplet resulted in emission from the P-2(1/2) level. Laser site-selective upconverted emission spectra have been measured, as well as their emission transients and power dependence. Possible excited state absorption and energy-transfer upconversion (ETU) mechanisms are proposed and discussed. Due to the smaller crystal field and a somewhat different energy level structure for the Nd3+ ions in RbY2Cl7 as compared with those observed for Nd3+ in fluoride or oxide hosts, the (4)G(7/2) and D-4(3/2) multiplets are populated under F-4(3/2) excitation in a three and four step ETU process, respectively, instead of in a two and three step process as observed for the lighter hosts. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Drozdzynski, J (reprint author), Univ Wroclaw, Fac Chem, Ul F Joliot Curie 14, PL-50383 Wroclaw, Poland. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 104 IS 3 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(03)00016-4 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 684AW UT WOS:000183184100004 ER PT J AU Hu, JZ Wind, RA AF Hu, JZ Wind, RA TI Sensitivity-enhanced phase-corrected ultra-slow magic angle turning using multiple-echo data acquisition SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE PHORMAT; magic angle turning; magic angle spinning; ultra-slow spinning; sensitivity enhancement ID INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; TENSOR PRINCIPAL VALUES; RESOLUTION H-1-NMR SPECTROSCOPY; SOLID-STATE NMR; QCPMG-MAS NMR; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AMPLITUDE-MODULATION; DIFFUSION; PROBE AB The increase in the sensitivity of the phase-corrected magic angle turning (PHORMAT) experiment at ultra-slow spinning rates by means of multiple-echo data acquisition (ME-PHORMAT) is evaluated. This is achieved by replacing the acquisition dimension in the original experiment with a train of equally spaced pi-pulses. It is shown that the echoes following the odd and even pi-pulses in the CPMG train must be processed differently in order to avoid spectral distortions. The method is illustrated for C-13 CP-ME-PHORMAT on solid 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene and for H-1 ME-PHORMAT on excised rat liver tissue, both at a sample-spinning rate of 1.3 Hz. Sensitivity enhancements of a factor 4 for the solid and 2.3 for the liver were obtained. Finally, it is shown that with ME-PHORMAT one of the two RF pulse sequences, in standard PHORMAT used to obtain a pure absorption mode 2D spectrum, can be eliminated, thus reducing the usually long measuring time by a factor 2. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 163 IS 1 BP 149 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S1090-7807(03)00103-4 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 703KM UT WOS:000184278600019 PM 12852919 ER PT J AU Tomasi, DG Ernst, T AF Tomasi, DG Ernst, T TI Echo planar imaging at 4 Tesla with minimum acoustic noise SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE acoustic noise; MRI; EPI; vibrational resonances; sound pressure levels ID FUNCTIONAL MRI; BRAIN ACTIVATION; GRADIENT COILS; SCANNER; REDUCTION; SOUND; INTERFERENCE; MOTOR; FMRI AB Purpose: To minimize the acoustic sound pressure levels of single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisitions on high magnetic field MRI scanners. Materials and Methods: The resonance frequencies of gradient coil vibrations, which depend on the coil length and the elastic properties of the materials in the coil assembly, were measured using piezoelectric transducers. The frequency of the EPI-readout train was adjusted to avoid the frequency ranges of mechanical resonances. Results: Our MRI system exhibited two sharp mechanical resonances (at 720 and 1220 Hz) that can increase vibrational amplitudes up to six-fold. A small adjustment of the EPI-readout frequency made it possible to reduce the sound pressure level of EPI-based perfusion and functional MRI scans by 12 dB. Conclusion: Normal vibrational modes of MRI gradient coils can dramatically increase the sound pressure levels during echo planar imaging (EPI) scans. To minimize acoustic noise, the frequency of EPI-readout trains and the resonance frequencies of gradient coil vibrations need to be different. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Nacl Gen San Martin, Escuela Ciencia & Tecnol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Tomasi, DG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Tomasi@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1053-1807 J9 J MAGN RESON IMAGING JI J. Magn. Reson. Imaging PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 128 EP 130 DI 10.1002/jmri.10326 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 696QZ UT WOS:000183899500015 PM 12815648 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M De Graef, M AF Beleggia, M De Graef, M TI On the computation of the demagnetization tensor field for an arbitrary particle shape using a Fourier space approach SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE demagnetization tensor field; shape amplitude; tetrahedron; magnetometric demagnetization tenser; demagnetization energy AB A method is presented to compute the demagnetization tensor field for uniformly magnetized particles of arbitrary shape. By means of a Fourier space approach it is possible to compute analytically the Fourier representation of the demagnetization tensor field for a given shape. Then, specifying the direction of the uniform magnetization, the demagnetizing field and the magnetostatic energy associated with the particle can be evaluated. In some particular cases, the real space representation is computable analytically. In general, a numerical inverse fast Fourier transform is required to perform the inversion. As an example, the demagnetization tensor field for the tetrahedron will be given. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 263 IS 1-2 BP L1 EP L9 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00238-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 693WR UT WOS:000183741800001 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Misra, A Wang, H Shen, TD Swadener, JG Embury, JD Kung, H Hoagland, RG Nastasi, A AF Zhang, X Misra, A Wang, H Shen, TD Swadener, JG Embury, JD Kung, H Hoagland, RG Nastasi, A TI Strengthening mechanisms in nanostructured copper/304 stainless steel multilayers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YIELD STRESS; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR AB Nanostructured Cu/304 stainless steel (SS) multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering. 304SS has a face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure in bulk. However, in the Cu/304SS multilayers, the 304SS layers exhibit the fcc structure for layer thickness of less than or equal to5 nm in epitaxy with the neighboring fcc Cu. For 304SS layer thickness larger than 5 nm, body-centered-cubic (bcc) 304SS grains grow on top of the initial 5 nm fcc SS with the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship between bcc and fcc SS grains. The maximum hardness of Cu/304SS multilayers is about 5.5 GPa (factor of two enhancement compared to rule-of-mixtures hardness) at a layer thickness of 5 nm. Below 5 rim, hardness decreases with decreasing layer thickness. The peak hardness of fcc/fcc Cu/304SS multilayer is greater than that of Cu/Ni, even though the lattice-parameter mismatch between Cu and Ni is five times greater than that between Cu and 304SS. This result may primarily be attributed to the higher interface barrier stress for single-dislocation transmission across the {111} twinned interfaces in Cu/304S S as compared to the {100} interfaces in Cu/Ni. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Swadener, John G/0000-0001-5493-3461 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1600 EP 1606 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0220 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 698ET UT WOS:000183985200015 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Kang, S Goyal, A Yarborough, KA Kroeger, DM AF Leonard, KJ Kang, S Goyal, A Yarborough, KA Kroeger, DM TI Microstructural characterization of thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on improved rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SURFACE OUTGROWTHS; COATED CONDUCTORS; Y2O3 INCLUSIONS; DEPOSITION RATE; ORIENTATION; DEPENDENCE; SRTIO3; GROWTH AB The microstructural changes associated with the reduced dependence of critical current density (J(c)) versus thickness of thick, epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) were investigated. Pulsed laser deposited YBCO films varying in thickness from 1.0 to 6.4 mum on RABiTS with an architecture of Ni-3 at.% W/Y2O3/yttrium-stabilized-zirconia/CeO2/YBCO were prepared for cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies. Dramatic improvements in physical properties and microstructural quality were observed resulting from the use of Ni-3 at.% W substrates, which provided a sharper texture over earlier Ni substrates, and replacement of CeO2 with Y2O3 as the seed layer within the buffers. The YBCO films showed exceptional orientation up to 6.4 mum thickness, with no misoriented grains or dead layers observed and only limited reaction between the YBCO and CeO2 cap layer. The high quality of the films was also attributed in part to the formation of a tungsten oxide layer forming at the top of the Ni-3% W substrate, limiting the growth of deleterious NiO into the conductor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1723 EP 1732 DI 10.1557/JMR.2003.0237 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 698ET UT WOS:000183985200032 ER PT J AU Pesiri, DR Jorgensen, B Dye, RC AF Pesiri, DR Jorgensen, B Dye, RC TI Thermal optimization of polybenzimidazole meniscus membranes for the separation of hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas separations; membrane preparation and structure; high temperature; polybenzimidazole ID GAS SEPARATIONS; AROMATIC POLYIMIDES; PERMEATION; DECADE AB Membranes of the glassy polymer polybenzimidazole (PBI) were formed and tested at temperatures above 300degreesC. The membrane formation method provides a rapid screening technique for the evaluation of polymeric systems at elevated temperatures. The rigidity in the structure that limits appreciable gas transport at room temperature appears to be responsible for the retention of permselectivities in the material at temperatures above 100degreesC. The notion that PBI is a poor room temperature gas separation polymer is supported by its extremely low flux for hydrogen and carbon dioxide at room temperature. The rigid structure of PBI appears to be more suited to the type of diffusivity-based selectivity at temperatures above 150degreesC. This result opens a new tool for studying gas separation by polymeric membranes. By selecting the optimal temperature for a membrane suited for a specific objective, it will be possible to develop tools for separating high temperature gas streams at their processing temperature. This advantage could offer cost savings that may provide a new incentive for polymeric membranes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dye, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00129-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 698RV UT WOS:000184013300002 ER PT J AU Rothenberger, KS Howard, BH Killineyer, RP Cugini, AV Enick, RM Bustamante, F Ciocco, MV Morreale, BD Buxbaum, RE AF Rothenberger, KS Howard, BH Killineyer, RP Cugini, AV Enick, RM Bustamante, F Ciocco, MV Morreale, BD Buxbaum, RE TI Evaluation of tantalum-based materials for hydrogen separation at elevated temperatures and pressures SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tantalum; hydrogen permeability; palladium-coated tantalum; high-temperature ID DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; LATTICE EXPANSION; METAL MEMBRANES; NIOBIUM; PALLADIUM; VANADIUM; TRANSPORT; DEUTERIUM; TA; NB AB The hydrogen permeability of bulk tantalum and tantalum coated with thin films of palladium was measured at temperatures from 623 to 1173 K and hydrogen partial pressures from 0.1 to 2.6 MPa in a flowing gas system. Palladium coatings were deposited by both electroless plating (1-2 mum thick I'd layer) and cold plasma-discharge sputtering with two different thicknesses. 0.04 or 1.2 mum. All samples studied showed declining permeability values with surface fouling over time. The highest absolute values of permeability were observed at the lowest temperatures of study (623-773 K). However, permeability data taken at 1173 K tended to be more consistent with less scatter. The overall trend exhibited declining permeability values as a function of temperature. As confirmed by surface analysis, the palladium coating was lost from the coated tantalum samples. In one test, a 1.2 mum sputter-coated palladium film was observed peeling off the tantalum surface after 49 h at 773 K. The tantalum surface of all tested samples exhibited oxidation, distortion and cracking. Tantalum hydride formation was observed at 623 K on a palladium sputter-coated sample. Surface fouling limited the hydrogen permeability of all samples studied. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, NETL Res Assoc, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Parsons Inc, NETL Support Contractor, South Park, PA 15129 USA. REB Res & Consulting, Oak Park, MI 48237 USA. RP Rothenberger, KS (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 218 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00134-0 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 698RV UT WOS:000184013300003 ER PT J AU Scholze, F Tummler, J Gullikson, E Aquila, A AF Scholze, F Tummler, J Gullikson, E Aquila, A TI Comparison of extreme ultraviolet reflectance measurements SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE photolithography; extreme ultraviolet lithography; reflectance measurements ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; RADIOMETRY; BEAMLINE; REGION AB The semiconductor industry has pushed linewidths on integrated-circuit chips down to 100 nm. To pattern ever finer lines by use of photolithography, the industry is now preparing the transition to extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) at 13 nm by 2007. As EUVL matures, the requirements for the accuracy of reflectivity and wavelength measurements are becoming tighter. A high absolute accuracy and worldwide traceability of reflectance measurements are mandatory for worldwide system development. A direct comparison of EUV reflectance measurements at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) Center for X-Ray Optics (CXRO) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) yield perfect agreement within the mutual relative uncertainties of 0.14% for reflectance and 0.014% for wavelength. (C) 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scholze, F (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM frank.scholze@ptb.de NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 2 IS 3 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1171/1.1583735 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 826GR UT WOS:000221817800011 ER PT J AU Sandi, G Yang, H Joachin, H Carrado, KA Winans, RE Prakash, J AF Sandi, G Yang, H Joachin, H Carrado, KA Winans, RE Prakash, J TI Determination of the hydrogen storage capacity of novel sepiolite derived carbonaceous materials SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage; sepiolite-derived carbon; physical adsorption ID NANOTUBES AB A pure carbon-based material was synthesized using different fractions of sepiolite clay. The produced carbon was initially characterized to determine its purity and surface properties. The hydrogen storage capability exhibited in carbon nanofibers at room temperature and 10 Mpa is close to 2.2% w/w. The results indicated that there is a correlation of the hydrogen storage ability and the surface properties of the template sepiolite. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Yang, Hui/B-3249-2012 OI Yang, Hui/0000-0003-4035-8894 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 744DP UT WOS:000186612900004 ER PT J AU Sandi, G Joachin, H Yang, H Prakash, J AF Sandi, G Joachin, H Yang, H Prakash, J TI Electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries prepared with sepiolite-derived carbons and lithium transition metal oxide positive electrodes SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; lithium ion batteries; full cells AB The performance of a sepiolite-derived carbon as an anode material with different surface area characteristics was evaluated using LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 as the positive electrode material in lithium ion batteries. The specific capacity respect to the active cathode mass was 160 mAh/g for the first charge half cycle. The capacity of the same cathode in a half cell was 170 mAh/g, which indicates the ability of the sepiolite-derived carbon to cycle efficiently. Complementary in Situ Li-7 NMR measurements were performed on the anode material and on the whole cell, to assist in the assignment of the lithium signals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Yang, Hui/B-3249-2012 OI Yang, Hui/0000-0003-4035-8894 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 744DP UT WOS:000186612900005 ER PT J AU Sandi, G AF Sandi, G TI Raman and NEXAFS spectroscopy characterization of templated-carbon anodes SO JOURNAL OF NEW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon; lithium ion batteries; NEXAFS; UV Raman ID LITHIUM-ION CELLS; INTERCALATION ANODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; GRAPHITE; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES; SURFACE; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; SEPIOLITE AB Carbonaceous materials have received considerable interest for use as anodes ever since Sony introduced the lithium-ion battery. Carbon containing systems are noted for potential safety and reliability advantages because the carbon anodes are less prone to form dendrites than metallic lithium anodes. Most investigations have utilized carbon materials that are available from existing sources such as natural graphite, cokes, carbon fibers, non-graphitizable carbon, and pyrolitic carbon. Recently, metal alloys and metal oxides have been studied as alternatives to carbon as negative electrodes in Li-ion cells. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) technique has been used to investigate the electronic and structural properties of specialty carbonaceous materials and anode electrodes made from the synthesized carbons. The carbon K-edge features of the carbonaceous materials were characterized by two relatively sharp resonances at 286 and 293 eV and a broad peak centered at 305 eV A peak at 288 eV is related to the C-H* interaction and the relative intensity of this peak is higher for those samples prepared with pyrene as the carbon precursor Oxygen and Li K-edges were also determined. UV Raman spectroscopy was performed on these novel carbons. In contrast to graphite that exhibits a sharp peak at 1575 cm(-1) called "G" band, the spectra of these carbonaceous materials exhibit a very wide and asymmetric band with a single maximum near 1600 cm(-1). The first order spectrum is measured from 900-1900 and the second order from 2500-3300 cm(-1). Electrochemical results are also presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE MONTREAL PI MONTREAL PA C P 6079, SUCC CENTRE-VILLE, MONTREAL, PQ H3C 3A7, CANADA SN 1480-2422 J9 J NEW MAT ELECTR SYS JI J. New Mat.Electrochem. Syst. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 744DP UT WOS:000186612900006 ER PT J AU Raison, PE Haire, RG AF Raison, PE Haire, RG TI Structural investigation of the pseudo-ternary system AmO2-Cm2O3-ZrO2 as potential materials for transmutation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Seminar on European Research on Materials for Transmutation CY SEP 26-27, 2002 CL KARLSRUHE, GERMANY ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS; OXIDE PYROCHLORES; AMERICIUM; MATRICES; FUEL AB The present work describes our investigations of the AmO2-Cm2O3-ZrO2 system. Selected compositions were prepared using an aqueous route and keeping the Cm/Am ratio constant at 20%. Depending of the compositions, two cubic systems were observed, fluorite- or pyrochlore-type. In the compounds synthesized, curium is present as a trivalent ion but americium may be either in an oxidation state of (IV) or (III), depending of the content of zirconia. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CEA Cadarache, DEN, DEC, SPUA,LMPC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Raison, PE (reprint author), CEA Cadarache, DEN, DEC, SPUA,LMPC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2003 VL 320 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(03)00165-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 699CK UT WOS:000184038200006 ER PT J AU Gatley, SJ AF Gatley, SJ TI Labeled glucose analogs in the genomic era SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; METABOLISM INVIVO; YEAST HEXOKINASE; GLUT1 DEFICIENCY; TRANSPORTER; BRAIN; EXPRESSION; DERIVATIVES; DEOXYGLUCOSE; LOCALIZATION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gatley@bnl.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 EI 1535-5667 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1082 EP 1086 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 700GJ UT WOS:000184104000026 PM 12843225 ER PT J AU Conant, GC Plimpton, SJ Old, W Wagner, A Fain, PR Pacheco, TR Heffelfinger, G AF Conant, GC Plimpton, SJ Old, W Wagner, A Fain, PR Pacheco, TR Heffelfinger, G TI Parallel Genehunter: implementation of a linkage analysis package for distributed-memory architectures SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB We present a parallel algorithm for performing multipoint linkage analysis of genetic marker data on large family pedigrees. The algorithm effectively distributes both the computation and memory requirements of the analysis. We discuss an implementation of the algorithm in the Genehunter linkage analysis package (version 2.1), enabling Genehunter to run on distributed-memory platforms for the first time. Our preliminary benchmarks indicate reasonable scalability of the algorithm even for fixed-size problems, with parallel efficiencies of 75% or more on up to 128 processors. In addition, we have extended the hard-coded limit of 16 non-founding individuals in Genehunter 2.1 to a new limit of 32 non-founding individuals. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Agilent Labs, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Conant, GC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, 167 Castetter hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Conant, Gavin/0000-0002-8677-4933 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 63 IS 7-8 BP 674 EP 682 DI 10.1016/S0743-7315(03)00080-7 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 728HQ UT WOS:000185712100002 ER PT J AU Beresh, SJ Henfling, JF Erven, RJ AF Beresh, SJ Henfling, JF Erven, RJ TI Flow separation inside a supersonic nozzle exhausting into a subsonic compressible crossflow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 40th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID TURBULENT JET; PERFORMANCE AB Surface pressure data have been acquired along the nozzle wall and surrounding the exit plane for an axisymmetric supersonic jet exhausting transversely from a flat plate into a subsonic compressible crossflow. These measurements have shown that the backpressure is sufficient to instigate nozzle How separation under flowfield conditions that may be found in flight. The. separation line has been found to be axially asymmetric, which results from the angular variation in the backpressure on the nozzle generated by the jet's interaction with the freestream. As either the jet-to-freestream momentum ratio or the crossflow freestream Mach number is independently reduced, the size of the separated flow region becomes larger because the backpressure on the nozzle is increased relative to the jet stagnation pressure. Schlieren imaging is consistent with these observations and provides further elucidation of the resulting jet shock wave structure. Comparison of the data to correlations derived from freejet separation data is possible by,employment of these predictions in a piecewise fashion around the perimeter of the nozzle. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjberes@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 19 IS 4 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.2514/2.6154 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 701XC UT WOS:000184193400018 ER PT J AU Goncharov, AF Struzhkin, VV AF Goncharov, AF Struzhkin, VV TI Raman spectroscopy of metals, high-temperature superconductors and related materials under high pressure SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE high pressure; high temperature; metals; superconductor oxides ID EARTHS INNER-CORE; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; YBA2CU3O7 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHONON SELF-ENERGIES; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CHARGE-TRANSFER AB An overview is presented of recent Raman scattering measurements in metals under conditions of high static pressure in the diamond anvil cell. Also discussed are the practical improvements of the traditional technique that have made these measurements possible. We present the results of several studies including those of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) epsilon-Fe and its solid solutions Fe(1-x)Nix (x less than or equal to 0.2) over a wide temperature range, and also of high-temperature superconductors (YBCO) and their prototypes, i.e. materials with strong electronic correlations such as the 3d metal oxides CoO and FeO. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-372, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM goncharov1@poptop.llnl.gov RI Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 158 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 34 IS 7-8 BP 532 EP 548 DI 10.1002/jrs.1030 PG 17 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 717YQ UT WOS:000185118700009 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Plutonium predominance-region diagram SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Plutonium; Valence; oxidation-state diagram; triple points; rearrangement equation AB The oxidation number and the pH are used to construct a predominance-region diagram for soluble plutonium. Features of the diagram can be verified by means of rearrangement equations for plutonium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E500, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 32 IS 7 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1023/A:1026396407022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 737AD UT WOS:000186205700005 ER PT J AU Blottner, FG AF Blottner, FG TI Memoirs: Obtaining the right solution to thermophysics problems SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME 8th Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference CY JUN 24-27, 2002 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME ID BOUNDARY-LAYER EQUATIONS; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL SOLUTION; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; HYPERSONIC FLOWS; BLUNT BODIES; NONEQUILIBRIUM; LAMINAR; AIR C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Blottner, FG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 92 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 442 EP 458 DI 10.2514/2.3985 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 711XB UT WOS:000184765400002 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Lee, WK Wulff, M Eybert, L AF Zhang, L Lee, WK Wulff, M Eybert, L TI The performance of a cryogenically cooled monochromator for an in-vacuum undulator beamline SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray optics; silicon-crystal monochromators; thermal deformation; cryogenic cooling; finite-element modeling ID X-RAY MONOCHROMATORS; HEAT LOAD; SILICON MONOCHROMATORS; DYNAMICAL THEORY; DIFFRACTION; DISTORTION; CRYSTAL; OPTICS; LIMITS; APS AB The channel-cut silicon monochromator on beamline ID09 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility is indirectly cooled from the sides by liquid nitrogen. The thermal slope error of the diffracting surface is calculated by finite-element analysis and the results are compared with experiments. The slope error is studied as a function of cooling coefficients, beam size, position of the footprint and power distribution. It is found that the slope error versus power curve can be divided into three regions: (i) The linear region: the thermal slope error is linearly proportional to the power. (ii) The transition region: the temperature of the Si crystal is close to 125 K; the thermal slope error is below the straight line extrapolated from the linear curve described above. (iii) The non-linear region: the temperature of the Si crystal is higher than 125 K and the thermal slope error increases much faster than the power. Heat-load tests were also performed and the measured rocking-curve widths are compared with those calculated by finite-element modeling. When the broadening from the intrinsic rocking-curve width and mounting strain are included, the calculated rocking-curve width versus heat load is in excellent agreement with experiment. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1107/S0909049503012135 PN 4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 693TR UT WOS:000183734900004 PM 12824931 ER PT J AU Braun, A Shrout, S Fowlks, AC Osaisai, BA Seifert, S Granlund, E Cairns, EJ AF Braun, A Shrout, S Fowlks, AC Osaisai, BA Seifert, S Granlund, E Cairns, EJ TI Electrochemical in situ reaction cell for X-ray scattering, diffraction and spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE lithium battery; electrochemistry; SAXS; X-ray spectroscopy; in situ cell ID LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIAL; FINE-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; ABSORPTION; CATHODE; OXIDES AB A versatile electrochemical in situ reaction cell for long-term hard X-ray experiments on battery electrodes is described. Applications include the small-angle scattering, diffraction and absorption spectroscopy of lithium manganese oxide electrodes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009; Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 10 BP 320 EP 325 DI 10.1107/S090904950300709X PN 4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 693TR UT WOS:000183734900005 PM 12824932 ER PT J AU Fujita, EM Stockwell, WR Campbell, DE Keislar, RE Lawson, DR AF Fujita, EM Stockwell, WR Campbell, DE Keislar, RE Lawson, DR TI Evolution of the magnitude and spatial extent of the weekend ozone effect in California's South Coast Air Basin, 1981-2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WEEKDAY; QUALITY; NOX AB Since the mid-1970s, ozone (O-3) levels in portions of California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) on weekends have been as high as or higher than levels on weekdays, even though emissions of O-3 precursors are lower on weekends. Analysis of the ambient data indicates that the intensity and spatial extent of the weekend O-3 effect are correlated with day-of-week variations in the extent of O-3 inhibition caused by titration with nitric oxide (NO), reaction of hydroxyl radical (OH) with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and rates of O-3 accumulation. Lower NO mixing ratios and higher NO2/oxides of nitrogen (NOx) ratios on weekend mornings allow O-3 to begin accumulating approximately an hour earlier on weekends. The weekday/weekend differences in the duration of O-3 accumulation remained relatively constant from 1981 to 2000. In contrast, the rate of O-3 accumulation decreased by one-third to one-half over the same period; the largest reductions occurred in the central basin on weekdays. Trends in mixing ratios of O-3 precursors show a transition to lower volatile organic compound (VOC)/NOx ratios caused by greater reductions in VOC emissions. Reductions in VOC/NOx ratios were greater on weekdays, resulting in higher VOC/NOx ratios on weekends relative to weekdays. Trends in VOC/NOx ratios parallel the downward trend in peak O-3 levels, a shift in the location of peak O-3 from the central to the eastern portion of the basin, and an increase in the magnitude and spatial extent of the weekend O-3 effect. C1 Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fujita, EM (reprint author), Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Okwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. OI Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 NR 35 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 802 EP 815 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 697EB UT WOS:000183928300004 PM 12880069 ER PT J AU Chinkin, LR Coe, DL Funk, TH Hafner, HR Roberts, PT Ryan, PA Lawson, DR AF Chinkin, LR Coe, DL Funk, TH Hafner, HR Roberts, PT Ryan, PA Lawson, DR TI Weekday versus weekend activity patterns for ozone precursor emissions in California's South Coast Air Basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; INVENTORY; SUNDAY AB Ambient O-3 concentrations in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) can be as much as 55% higher on weekends than on weekdays under comparable meteorological conditions. This is paradoxical because emissions of O-3 precursors (hydrocarbons, CO, and nitrogen oxides [NOx]) are lower on weekends. Day-of-week emissions activity data were collected and analyzed to investigate the hypothesized causes of the "weekend O-3 effect." Emission activity data were collected for various mobile, area, and point sources throughout the SoCAB, including on-road vehicles, lawn and garden equipment, barbecues, fireplaces, solvent use, and point sources with continuous emission monitoring data. The results of this study indicate significant differences between weekday and weekend emission activity patterns and emissions. Their combined effect results in a 12-18% decrease in reactive organic gases (ROGs) and a 35-41% decrease in NO, emissions on Saturdays and Sundays, respectively, relative to weekdays in summer 2000. These changes in emissions result in an increase of more than 30% in the ROG/NOx ratio on weekends compared with weekdays, which, along with lower NOx emissions, leads to increased O-3 production on weekends. C1 Sonoma Technol Inc, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Chinkin, LR (reprint author), Sonoma Technol Inc, 1360 Redwood Way,Suite C, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. NR 36 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 829 EP 843 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 697EB UT WOS:000183928300006 PM 12880071 ER PT J AU Fujita, EM Campbell, DE Zielinska, B Sagebiel, JC Bowen, JL Goliff, WS Stockwell, WR Lawson, DR AF Fujita, EM Campbell, DE Zielinska, B Sagebiel, JC Bowen, JL Goliff, WS Stockwell, WR Lawson, DR TI Diurnal and weekday variations in the source contributions of ozone precursors in California's South Coast Air Basin SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC HYDROCARBONS; SOURCE RECONCILIATION AB For at least 30 years, ozone (O-3) levels on weekends in parts of California's South Coast (Los Angeles) Air Basin (SoCAB) have been as high as or higher than on weekdays, even though ambient levels of O-3 precursors are lower on weekends than on weekdays. A field study was conducted in the Los Angeles area during fall 2000 to test whether proposed relationships between emission sources and ambient nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) levels can account for observed diurnal and day-of-week variations in the concentration and proportions of precursor pollutants that may affect the efficiency and rate of O-3 formation. The contributions to ambient NMHC by motor vehicle exhaust and evaporative emissions, estimated using chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor modeling, ranged from 65 to 85% with minimal day-of-week variation. Ratios of ambient NOx associated with black carbon (BC) to NOx associated with carbon monoxide (CO) were approximately 1.25 +/- 0.22 during weekdays and 0.76 +/- 0.07 and 0.52 +/- 0.07 on Saturday and Sunday, respectively. These results demonstrate that lower NOx emissions from diesel exhaust can be a major factor causing lower NOx mixing ratios and higher NMHC/NOx ratios on weekends. Nonmobile sources showed no significant day-of-week variations in their contributions to NMHC. Greater amounts of gasoline emissions are carried over on Friday and Saturday evenings but are, at most, a minor factor contributing to higher NMHC/NOx ratios on weekend mornings. C1 Community Coll Syst Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Fujita, EM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, 2215 Ragio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. OI Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 NR 34 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 53 IS 7 BP 844 EP 863 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 697EB UT WOS:000183928300007 PM 12880072 ER PT J AU West, DL Payne, DA AF West, DL Payne, DA TI Reactive-templated grain growth of Bi-1/2(Na,K)(1/2)TiO3: Effects of formulation on texture development SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS AB In this paper we report the effects of formulation on texture development for the "reactive-templated grain growth" (RTGG) of Bi-1/2(Na,K)(1/2)TiO3 (BNKT). The solids formulation for BNKT was systematically varied by prereacting to well-defined alkali and bismuth titanates (Na2Ti3O7 (N2T3), K2Ti2O5 (K2T2), and Bi2Ti4O11 (B2T4)). Use of these precursors in different BNKT formulations determined that the amount of expansion associated with reacting dry-pressed compacts at 600-800degreesC could be influenced by formulation. Lotgering factors (F-00l) derived from Theta/2Theta X-ray diffraction scans indicated that the formulation route strongly affected the {00l} texture development in tape-cast and sintered specimens. Prereacting alkali carbonates with TiO2 to form N2T3 and K2T2 inhibited texture development in RTGG-processsed BNKT. However, when Bi2O3 was prereacted to form B2T4, the measured F-00l increased from 0.5 to 0.7. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP West, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI West, David/A-3414-2009 OI West, David/0000-0002-1265-9350 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 86 IS 7 BP 1132 EP 1137 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703LR UT WOS:000184281300011 ER EF