FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kram, ML Keller, AA Rossabi, J Everett, LG AF Kram, ML Keller, AA Rossabi, J Everett, LG TI DNAPL characterization methods and approaches, part 2: Cost comparisons SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Contamination from the use of chlorinated solvents, often classified as dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) when in an undissolved state, pose environmental threats to ground water resources worldwide. DNAPL site characterization method performance comparisons are presented in a companion paper (Kram et al. 2001). This study compares the costs for implementing various characterization approaches using synthetic unit model scenarios (UMSs), each with particular physical characteristics. Unit costs and assumptions related to labor, equipment, and consumables are applied to determine costs associated with each approach for various UMSs. In general, the direct-push sensor systems provide cost-effective characterization information in soils that are penetrable with relatively shallow (less than 10 to 15 m) water tables. For sites with impenetrable lithology using direct-push techniques, the Ribbon NAPL Sampler Flexible Liner Underground Technologies Everting (FLUTe) membrane appears to be the most cost-effective approach. For all scenarios studied, partitioning interwell tracer tests (PITTs) are the most expensive approach due to the extensive pre- and post-PITT requirements. However, the PITT is capable of providing useful additional information, such as approximate DNAPL saturation, which is not generally available from any of the other approaches included in this comparison. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Savannah River Technol Ctr, Environm Sci & Technol Div, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Vadose Zone Monitoring Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. IT Grp Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 USA. RP Kram, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 4666 PHys Sci N, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 46 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2002.tb00654.x PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 525FB UT WOS:000174057200004 ER PT J AU Jones, CR AF Jones, CR TI 2002 Founders Award - Presented to Kenneth L. Mossman at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society, Tampa,FL - 16-20 June 2002 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Jones, CR (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 6 BP 809 EP 812 DI 10.1097/00004032-200212000-00001 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 620RC UT WOS:000179545500001 PM 12467282 ER PT J AU Huang, SL Schery, SD Alcantara, RE Rodgers, JC Wasiolek, PT AF Huang, SL Schery, SD Alcantara, RE Rodgers, JC Wasiolek, PT TI Influence of dust loading on the alpha-particle energy resolution of continuous air monitors for thin deposits of radioactive aerosols SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; radioactivity; airborne; monitoring; air; alpha particles AB Alpha-particle continuous air monitors must sometimes be operated in dusty environments where significant dust loading of the filter can be anticipated. It is important to understand how this dust loading affects the response of the continuous air monitors. Not only must a filter be changed if there is a reduction in airflow, but a change may be necessary if the energy resolution deteriorates and the continuous air monitor loses sensitivity and specificity for the radioactive aerosols of interest. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate alpha-particle energy resolution of continuous air monitor filters, particularly under dust loading conditions. Aerosol particles of various sizes were tagged with radon decay products to serve as surrogates for radioactive aerosols of interest such as plutonium or uranium. While the size of radioactive aerosols, filter type, and dust type affected the energy resolution, the thickness of an underlying (nonradioactive) dust layer did not show significant effect for the materials studied and a loading range of 0.01-10 mg cm(-2). Our results indicate that it is possible for continuous air monitors to detect the release of radioactive aerosols with little deterioration in energy resolution under conditions of significant dust loading provided that the deposited layer of radioactive aerosols remains thin (less than or equal to 0.1 mg cm(-2)). C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Atmospher Radioact Grp, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, SL (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Atmospher Radioact Grp, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM suilou@nmt.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 6 BP 884 EP 891 DI 10.1097/00004032-200212000-00016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 620RC UT WOS:000179545500015 PM 12467296 ER PT J AU Leifer, RZ Jacob, EM Marschke, SF Pranitis, DM AF Leifer, RZ Jacob, EM Marschke, SF Pranitis, DM TI Atmospheric aerosol measurements of U-238 and Th-232 at Fernald, Ohio, and implications on inhalation dose calculations SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; inhalation; uranium; thorium ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Measurements of the aerosol size distribution of U-238 and Th-232 at the U.S. Department of Energy's Fernald Environmental Management Project site were made to improve the inhalation dose calculations to off-site individuals. For approximately 1 y an 8-stage cascade impactor was co-located with a high volume sampler and operated at the Fernald Environmental Management Project site to collect aerosol samples. During most of the year, the site was dominated by giant particles with more than 70% of the mass of U-238 above 15 mum. The seasonal average of the activity median aerodynamic diameter, based on the impactor samples, which excluded particles >15 mum, for both uranium and thorium was similar to6.5 mum. These numbers reflect the activities at the site and the domination of the resuspension processes. During most sampling periods the size distribution was bimodal. Thorium concentrations were comparable to the uranium concentrations during the late spring and summer period and decreased to similar to25% of the U-238 concentration in the late summer. Fernald Environmental Management Project is required to calculate the maximum allowable dose from airborne emissions, excluding radon, to meet NESHAP compliance. These calculations assume an AMAD of 1 mum. We found that if you combine size distribution information with the latest ICRP 66 lung model you reduce the estimated dose by a factor of 7. Inclusion of the size distribution of radionuclides at any sampling site would substantially improve the dose estimates to the population. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. Avon Inc, Suffern, NY 10901 USA. Gemini Consulting Co, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Leifer, RZ (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM rleifer@eml.doe.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 83 IS 6 BP 892 EP 900 DI 10.1097/00004032-200212000-00017 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 620RC UT WOS:000179545500016 PM 12467297 ER PT J AU Ma, WX Liang, WH Liu, LC AF Ma, WX Liang, WH Liu, LC TI A non-singularity form factor of baryon vertex for crossing channel study SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA English DT Article DE form factor; singularity; crossing symmetry AB A New relativistic and singularity free baryon form factor for crossing channel study is proposed. This new form factor satisfies the crossing symmetry law of strongly interacting particle scattering amplitudes transfered from t-channel to s-channel or the inverse. C1 CAS, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Guangxi Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ma, WX (reprint author), CAS, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 SU S BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 644RB UT WOS:000180932200015 ER PT J AU Kennel, SJ AF Kennel, SJ TI 531-2A 22A, 30Aq 32A anti-CD44 SO HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mol Immunol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mol Immunol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0272-457X J9 HYBRIDOMA HYBRIDOM JI Hybrid. Hybridomics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 632AX UT WOS:000180201700026 ER PT J AU de Pater, I Gibbard, SG Macintosh, BA Roe, HG Gavel, DT Max, CE AF de Pater, I Gibbard, SG Macintosh, BA Roe, HG Gavel, DT Max, CE TI Keck adaptive optics images of Uranus and its rings SO ICARUS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED STANDARD STARS; URANIAN SYSTEM; TELESCOPE; VOYAGER-2; NEPTUNE; PERFORMANCE; SATELLITES; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS AB We present adaptive optic images of Uranus obtained with the 10-m W. M. Keck II telescope in June 2000, at wavelengths between 1 and 2.4 mum. The angular resolution of the images is similar to0.06-0.09". We identified eight small cloud features on Uranus's disk, four of which were in the northern hemisphere. The latter features are similar to1000-2000 km in extent and located in the upper troposphere, above the methane cloud, at pressures between 0.5 and I bar. Our data have been combined with HST data by Hammel et al. (2001, Icarus 153, 229-235); the combination of Keck and HST data allowed derivation of an accurate wind velocity profile. Our images further show Uranus's entire ring system: the asymmetric c ring, as well as the three groups of inner rings (outward from Uranus): the rings 6 + 5 + 4, alpha + beta, and the eta + gamma + delta rings. We derived the equivalent I/F width and ring particle reflectivity for each group of rings. Typical particle albedos are similar to0.04-0.05, in good agreement with HST data at 0.9 mum. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Pater, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2002 VL 160 IS 2 BP 359 EP 374 DI 10.1006/icar.2002.6966 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 628HR UT WOS:000179988000010 ER PT J AU Hackett, DR Taylor, CD McLemore, DP Dogliani, H Walton, WA Leyendecker, AJ AF Hackett, DR Taylor, CD McLemore, DP Dogliani, H Walton, WA Leyendecker, AJ TI A transient array to increase the peak power delivered to a localized region in space: Part I - Theory and modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic transient; focused array; hot spot; linear array; propagation; pulsed antenna; transient array analysis ID PULSE RADIATION; OPTIMIZATION AB It is shown that an array of pulsed antennas (a transient array) can be used for providing a high concentration of electromagnetic energy into small regions. By controlling the timing of the pulses radiated from the individual elements, selected regions of space will see a coherent superposition of the radiated pulses forming "hot spots." The formation of "hot spots" is demonstrated by theoretical analysis. Using a highly damped sinusoid for the radiated pulse and dipole antenna elements, a contour plot of the peak electric field is determined for a linear array of six equally spaced sources. The impact of pulse-timing errors and the factors determining the size of the hot spot are also considered. C1 USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NISIT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ITT Syst, NE Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Hackett, DR (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1743 EP 1750 DI 10.1109/TAP.2003.808776 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 647PH UT WOS:000181101800015 ER PT J AU Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Pace, MO AF Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Pace, MO TI High voltage studies of dielectric materials for HTS power equipment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article ID INSULATION; POLYMERS; CABLES; VACUUM AB The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) has triggered renewed interest in the study of dielectric materials at cryogenic temperatures. While considerable work was done in the 1970's and 1980's on dielectrics immersed in liquid helium for low temperature superconducting applications, there remains a need for dielectric research at liquid nitrogen temperature for HTS applications, requiring experimental data oriented toward practical situations. We will report on ac breakdown (puncture and/or flashover), and impulse breakdown of solid materials in either vacuum or in liquid nitrogen. Solid materials which we examined, include fiberglass reinforced plastics, epoxies with and without filler, and polymeric tape. Combinations of some of these materials have also been studied at low temperatures. Additionally we have measured permittivity and dissipation factor for materials for which these parameters are not available at 77K. Finally, we will also discuss specific applications for HTS cables including breakdown and aging studies on model cables, with lapped tape electrical insulation, immersed in liquid nitrogen. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sauers, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Superconduct Grp, POB 2008,MS-6122, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9878 EI 1558-4135 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 922 EP 931 DI 10.1109/TDEI.2002.1115485 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 630JP UT WOS:000180104000006 ER PT J AU Witczak, SC AF Witczak, SC TI 2002 Special NSREC Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science - Guest Editor's comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Witczak, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2625 EP 2625 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805971 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800002 ER PT J AU Rashkeev, SN Cirba, CR Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Witczak, SC Michez, A Pantelides, ST AF Rashkeev, SN Cirba, CR Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Witczak, SC Michez, A Pantelides, ST TI Physical model for enhanced interface-trap formation at low dose rates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bipolar transistors; interface phenomena; radiation effects; space technology ID BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GAIN DEGRADATION; TIME-DEPENDENCE; BASE OXIDES; DEVICES; SUBSTRATE; HYDROGEN; SIO2; BJTS AB We describe a model for enhanced interface-trap formation at low dose rates due to space-charge effects in the base oxides of bipolar devices. The use of analytical models allows one to reduce significantly the number of free parameters of the theory and to elucidate the main physical mechanisms that are responsible for interface-trap and oxide-trap formation processes. We found that the hole trapping in the oxide cannot be responsible for all the enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) effects in SiO2, and the contribution of protons is also essential. The dynamics of interface-trap formation are defined by the relation between the proton mobility (transport time of the protons across the oxide) and the time required for positive-charge buildup near the interface due to trapped holes. The analytically estimated and numerically calculated interface-trap densities were found to be in very good agreement with available experimental data. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ctr Elect & Microelect Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France. RP Rashkeev, SN (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 22 TC 103 Z9 151 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2650 EP 2655 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805387 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800006 ER PT J AU Paillet, P Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Ferlet-Cavrois, V Jones, RL Flament, O Blackmore, EW AF Paillet, P Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Ferlet-Cavrois, V Jones, RL Flament, O Blackmore, EW TI Comparison of charge yield in MOS devices for different radiation sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE charge yield; initial recombination; ionizing radiation; metal oxide semiconductor; MOS; total dose; transistors ID ENERGY X-RAY; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; CO-60; IRRADIATIONS; BUILDUP AB NMOS transistors were irradiated using X-ray, Co-60 gamma, electron, and proton radiation sources. The charge yield was, estimated for protons of different energies and electrons and compared to values obtained for X-ray and Co-60 irradiations. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Paillet, P (reprint author), CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 20 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2656 EP 2661 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805438 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800007 ER PT J AU Witczak, SC King, EE Saks, NS Lacoe, RC Shaneyfelt, MR Hash, GL Hjalmarson, HP Mayer, DC AF Witczak, SC King, EE Saks, NS Lacoe, RC Shaneyfelt, MR Hash, GL Hjalmarson, HP Mayer, DC TI Geometric component of charge pumping current in nMOSFETs due to low-temperature irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bulk recombination; capture cross-section; charge pumping; Coulomb scattering; geometric component; hot electrons; interface trap density; irradiation; low-temperature; mobility degradation; MOSFET; oxide-trapped charge; trapping kinetics ID SURFACE-OXIDE CHARGES; SIO2 GATE INSULATORS; HOLE TRANSPORT; SILICON SURFACES; INTERFACE TRAPS; ELECTRONS; SCATTERING; INVERSION; MOBILITY; DEVICES AB The geometric component of charge pumping current-was examined in n-channel metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors (MOSFETs) following low-temperature irradiation. In addition to the usual dependencies on channel length and gate bias transition time, the geometric component was found to increase with radiation-induced oxide-trapped charge density and decreasing temperature. A postirradiation injection of electrons into the gate oxide reduces the geometric component along with the density of oxide-trapped charge, which clearly demonstrates that the two are correlated. A fit of the injection data to a first-order model for trapping kinetics indicates that the electron trapping occurs predominantly at a single type of Coulomb-attractive trap site. The geometric component results primarily from the bulk recombination of channel electrons that fail to transport to the source or drain during the transition from inversion to accumulation. The radiation response of these transistors suggests that Coulomb scattering by oxide-trapped charge increases the bulk recombination at low temperatures by impeding electron transport. These results imply that the geometric component must be properly accounted for when charge pumping irradiated n-channel MOSFETs at low temperatures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 17621, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Aerosp Corp, Elect Technol Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Witczak, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 17621, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2662 EP 2666 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805987 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800008 ER PT J AU Bakos, T Rashkeev, SN Pantelides, ST AF Bakos, T Rashkeev, SN Pantelides, ST TI The origin of photoluminescence lines in irradiated amorphous SiO2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE color centers; hydroxyl (OH) groups; nonbridging oxygen-hole center (NBOHC); optical fibers; photoluminescence ID SILICA OPTICAL FIBERS; OXYGEN HOLE-CENTERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MOS STRUCTURES; LUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALLINE; GLASSES; DEFECTS; SYSTEMS; SPECTRA AB Irradiation of amorphous SiO2 produces defects with a characteristic photoluminescence line at 1.9 eV (similar to630 nm) that is universally attributed to a nonbridging oxygen atom. We present results of first-principles calculations. that describe a complete cycle of electronic transitions (absorption + luminescence) and show that two different defects are equally likely to be responsible: nonbridging oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) groups weakly bonded to fourfold coordinated network Si atoms. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Solid State Dept, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bakos, T (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2713 EP 2717 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805342 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800016 ER PT J AU Braley, GS Townsend, LW Cucinotta, FA Heilbronn, LH AF Braley, GS Townsend, LW Cucinotta, FA Heilbronn, LH TI Modeling of secondary neutron production from space radiation interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE DE neutrons; nuclear model; space radiator ID COLLISIONS; 0-DEGREES; NUCLEON; IONS AB A knockout-ablation-coalescence model capable of making quantitative predictions of neutron spectra produced in high-energy nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is presented. A Glauber model is used to describe neutrons produced in the knockout or abrasion stage of the reaction. In the ablation stage, a statistical evaporation model is used to calculate the neutron spectrum produced by the excited prefragment nucleus left over from the abrasion stage. The effects of,coalescence in reducing free neutron emission by composite particle formation are included. Typical results for predicted neutron energy and double-differential spectra are presented and compared with recently reported measurements for a variety of projectile and target nuclei of interest in space radiation protection. Except for differences resulting from the neglect of isobar production and decay in the model, predictions are in fairly good agreement with the measured data. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM braley@afrri.usuhs.mil; lTownsen@tennessee.edu; francis.a.cucinottal@jsc.nasa.gov; lhheilbronn@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2800 EP 2804 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805343 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800029 ER PT J AU Colby, E Lum, G Plettner, T Spencer, J AF Colby, E Lum, G Plettner, T Spencer, J TI Gamma radiation studies on optical materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE II-VI; III-V; a,c-silica; damage; impedances; lasers; optical/laser materials; silicon; transmissive/reflective ID LASER; REMEDIES AB Results for the effects of gammas on materials for a new laser-driven accelerator are presented. Various optical and laser materials are compared. While Si and fused c-SiO2 appear ideal for subbandgap laser wavelengths, other interesting candidates include certain fluorides and compound semiconductors. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94043 USA. RP Colby, E (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2857 EP 2867 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.806019 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800038 ER PT J AU Chiodini, G Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Coluccia, MR Hall, B Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R Zimmerman, S Uplegger, L AF Chiodini, G Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Coluccia, MR Hall, B Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R Zimmerman, S Uplegger, L TI Radiation tolerance of prototype BTeV pixel detector readout chips SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE proton irradiation; single event effects ID TECHNOLOGY AB :High-energy and nuclear physics experiments need tracking devices with increasing spatial precision and readout speed in the face of ever-higher track densities and increased. radiation environments. The new generation of hybrid pixel detectors (arrays of silicon diodes bump-bonded to arrays of front-end electronic cells) is the state-of-the-art technology able to meet these challenges. We report on irradiation studies performed on BTeV pixel readout chip prototypes exposed to a 200-MeV proton beam at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. A prototype pixel readout chip (preFPIX2) has been developed at Fermilab for collider experiments and implemented in standard 0.25-mum CMOS technology following radiation-tolerant design rules. The chip contains a variety of functional blocks (analog front ends, registers, state machines, and digital-to-analog converters). The. tests confirm the radiation tolerance to proton total dose up to 87 Mrad of all of these circuits. In addition, nondestructive radiation-induced single-event upsets have been observed in on-chip static registers, and the single-bit upset cross-section has been extensively measured. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Chiodini, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2895 EP 2901 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805444 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800043 ER PT J AU Coluccia, MR Appel, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Kwan, SW Sellberg, G Uplegger, L AF Coluccia, MR Appel, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Kwan, SW Sellberg, G Uplegger, L TI IV and CV curves for irradiated prototype BTeV silicon pixel sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE radiationeffects; pixel sensots; vertex detectors; BTeV ID DETECTORS; DESIGN AB We present IV and CV curves for irradiated prototype n(+)/n/p(+) silicon pixel sensors, intended for use in the BTeV experiment at Fermilab. We tested pixel sensors from various vendors and with two pixel isolation techniques: p-stop and p-spray. Results are based on irradiation with 200-MeV protons up to 6 x 10(14) protons/cm(2). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Coluccia, MR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2914 EP 2918 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805419 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800046 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Vizkelethy, G Draper, BL Hill, TA Walsh, DS Hash, GL Doyle, BL McDaniel, FD AF Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Vizkelethy, G Draper, BL Hill, TA Walsh, DS Hash, GL Doyle, BL McDaniel, FD TI Charge collection in SOI capacitors and circuits and its effect on SEU hardness SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE ID BEAM-INDUCED CHARGE; SIMOX AB Focused ion microbeam and broadbeam heavy-ion experiments on capacitors and SRAMs are used to investigate increased saturation upset cross sections recently observed in some silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated circuits (ICs). Experiments performed on capacitors show a very strong bias and oxide thickness dependence for charge collection. In combination with three-dimensional (3-D) simulations, these data suggest that the mechanism for charge collection in capacitors is due to perturbation of the substrate electric fields by charge deposition in the substrate. For substrates biased in depletion, these perturbations induce displacement currents through the oxide. Charge collection by displacement currents can be substantially reduced or mitigated by using heavily doped substrates. Experiments performed on SRAMs also show enhanced charge collection from displacement currents. However, experimental data and 3-D simulations show that for SRAMs, a second mechanism also contributes to charge collection. The 3-D simulations suggest that the charge collection results from drain and body-tie heavy-ion strikes within a few tenths of a micron of the body-to-drain junctions. These charge collection mechanisms can substantially reduce the SEU hardness and soft-error reliability of commercial SOI ICs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 2937 EP 2947 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805429 PN 1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800050 ER PT J AU Choi, BK Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Massengill, LW Galloway, KF Shaneyfelt, MR Meisenheimer, TL Dodd, PE Schwank, JR Lee, YM John, RS Lucovsky, G AF Choi, BK Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Massengill, LW Galloway, KF Shaneyfelt, MR Meisenheimer, TL Dodd, PE Schwank, JR Lee, YM John, RS Lucovsky, G TI Long-term reliability degradation of ultrathin dielectric films due to heavy-ion irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE heavy-ion irradiation; radiation effect; single-event effect; ultra-thin gate dielectric films ID EVENT GATE RUPTURE; BREAKDOWN; OXIDES AB High-energy ion-irradiated 3.3-nm oxynitride film and 2.2-nm SiO2-film MOS capacitors show premature breakdown during subsequent electrical stress. This degradation in breakdown increases with increasing ion linear energy transfer (LET), increasing ion fluence, and decreasing oxide thickness. The reliability degradation due to high-energy ion-induced latent defects is explained by a simple percolation model of conduction through SiO2 layers with irradiation and/or electrical stress-induced defects. Monitoring the gate-leakage current reveals the presence of latent defects in the dielectric films. These results may be significant to future single-event effects and single-event gate rupture tests for MOS devices and ICs with ultrathin gate oxides. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87135 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Choi, BK (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013; OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701; Choi, Bo K./0000-0002-4984-5958 NR 10 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3045 EP 3050 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805389 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800065 ER PT J AU Palau, JM Wrobel, F Castellani-Coulie, K Calvet, MC Dodd, PE Sexton, FW AF Palau, JM Wrobel, F Castellani-Coulie, K Calvet, MC Dodd, PE Sexton, FW TI Monte Carlo exploration of neutron-induced SEU-sensitive volumes in SRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE atmospheric neutrons; device simulation; ion tracks; recoils; sensitive volume; single event upset (SEU); soft error rate (SER); SRAM ID SINGLE EVENT UPSETS; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; AVIONICS; ALTITUDE; LATITUDE AB A Monte Carlo approach is used to obtain statistical information on the effect of the spatial distribution of the numerous secondary ions involved in neutron induced soft error rates (SER). The sorting criteria for the occurrence of upset are derived from a simplification of previous work on full-cell three-dimensional (3-D) SRAM device simulation. The time thus saved allows the treatment of a wide variety of track conditions. The shape and extension of the sensitive region is explored and correlated to the secondary ion properties. Details on the variations of the sensitivity with depth into the sensitive region as well as on the geometrical conditions associated with-those tracks that cause upsets are given. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, CEM2, CC083, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. EADS LV, Les Mureux, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Palau, JM (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, CEM2, CC083, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. RI Castellani-Coulie, Karine/G-7727-2011 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3075 EP 3081 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805420 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800069 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Sternberg, AL Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Buchner, S McMorrow, D Walsh, DS Hash, GL LaLumondiere, SD Moss, SC AF Pease, RL Sternberg, AL Boulghassoul, Y Massengill, LW Buchner, S McMorrow, D Walsh, DS Hash, GL LaLumondiere, SD Moss, SC TI Comparison of SETs in bipolar linear circuits generated with an ion microbeam, laser light, and circuit simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bipolar analog; comparators; laser beams; integrated circuit; ion beams; ion microbeams; ionization; operational amplifiers; radiation effects; single event transient; transient response ID PULSED-LASER; SINGLE AB Generally good agreement is obtained between the single-event output voltage transient waveforms; obtained by exposing individual circuit elements of a bipolar comparator and operational amplifier to an ion microbeam, a pulsed laser beam, and circuit simulations using SPICE. The agreement is achieved by adjusting the amounts of charge deposited by the laser or injected in the SPICE simulations. The implications for radiation hardness assurance are discussed. C1 RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3163 EP 3170 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805346 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800082 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Pease, RL Schwank, JR Maher, MC Hash, GL Fleetwood, DM Dodd, PE Reber, CA Witczak, SC Riewe, LC Hjalmarson, HP Banks, JC Doyle, BL Knapp, JA AF Shaneyfelt, MR Pease, RL Schwank, JR Maher, MC Hash, GL Fleetwood, DM Dodd, PE Reber, CA Witczak, SC Riewe, LC Hjalmarson, HP Banks, JC Doyle, BL Knapp, JA TI Impact of passivation layers on enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity and pre-irradiation elevated-temperature stress effects in bipolar linear ICs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bipolar linear-integrated circuits; enhanced lowdose-rate sensitivity; hardness-assurance testing; integrated circuit reliability; integrated-circuit testing; mechanical stress; passivation layers; pre-irradiation elevated-temperature stress; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; reliability screens; thermal cycling; thermal-stress effects; thermal stresses ID LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; VOLTAGE COMPARATOR; INTERFACE TRAPS; MOS STRUCTURES; RADIATION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; DEPENDENCE; CIRCUITS; HARDNESS AB Final chip passivation layers are shown to have a major impact on the total dose hardness of bipolar linear technologies. It is found that devices fabricated without passivation layers do not exhibit enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) or pre-irradiation elevated-temperature stress (PETS) sensitivity, whereas devices from the same production lot fabricated with either oxide/nitride or doped-glass passivation layers are ELDRS and PETS sensitive. In addition, removing the passivation layers after fabrication can mitigate ELDRS and PETS effects. ELDRS and PETS effects do not appear to be inherently related to circuit design or layout, but are related to mechanical stress effects, hydrogen in the device, or a combination of the two. these results suggest that proper engineering of the final chip passivation layer might eliminate ELDRS and PETS effects in bipolar integrated circuits. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RLP Res, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3171 EP 3179 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805365 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800083 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Maher, MC Shaneyfelt, MR Savage, MW Baker, P Krieg, J Turflinger, TL AF Pease, RL Maher, MC Shaneyfelt, MR Savage, MW Baker, P Krieg, J Turflinger, TL TI Total-dose hardening of a bipolar-voltage comparator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE bipolar analog circuits; comparator; ionization; linear circuits; radiation effects; radiation hardening ID SENSITIVITY; DEPENDENCE; ICS AB A radiation-tolerant bipolar-voltage comparator experienced severe degradation of radiation hardness when layout of the part was redrawn and the process moved from a 4-in wafer to a 6-in wafer line. The reasons for the loss in hardness are identified, and it is shown that modifications to the design layout eliminate the problem. C1 RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87101 USA. USN, Surface Warfare Ctr NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3180 EP 3184 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805404 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800084 ER PT J AU Felix, JA Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Hong, JG Lucovsky, G Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR AF Felix, JA Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Hong, JG Lucovsky, G Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR TI Total-dose radiation response of hafnium-silicate capacitors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual International Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference (NSREC) CY JUL 15-19, 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE alternative dielectric film; burn-in effects; MOS capacitor; oxide trapped; radiation effects ID THERMALLY-STIMULATED-CURRENT; GATE DIELECTRICS; MOS CAPACITORS; OXIDE; DEVICES; CO-60; TRANSISTORS; HARDNESS; ENERGY; CHARGE AB Hafnium-silicate capacitors with 4.5-nm equivalent oxide thickness gate insulators were irradiated with 10-keV X-rays. The midgap and flatband voltage shifts in these devices increase linearly with dose and are significantly larger than the shifts seen in high quality, thermal SiO2 gate oxides of similar electrical thickness. The standard trapping efficiency equation is adapted for calculating effective trapping efficiencies in alternative dielectrics and used to compare the radiation response of hafnium silicate to SiO2 from several manufacturers. The effects of common reliability screens such as "burn-in" and bias stress tests are also discussed. It is shown that baking these devices can degrade their capacitance-voltage characteristics, and large applied voltages inject excess charge into the dielectric, which can lead to a misinterpretation of the radiation results. However, the radiation responses of these devices, coupled with the demonstrated resistance of these films to heavy-ion induced gate rupture in previous studies, suggest that alternative dielectrics to SiO2 potentially could be integrated into future electronics technologies for many low-power space applications. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Felix, JA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3191 EP 3196 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805392 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629NY UT WOS:000180056800086 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, Y Iwai, G Uchida, K Asai, M Enomoto, S Hosoi, T Izumoto, A Kawabata, S Kouno, Y Mizouchi, K Nagasaka, Y Nakano, I Nishida, S Sakamoto, H Sasaki, T Shimizu, Y Tamura, N AF Sakamoto, Y Iwai, G Uchida, K Asai, M Enomoto, S Hosoi, T Izumoto, A Kawabata, S Kouno, Y Mizouchi, K Nagasaka, Y Nakano, I Nishida, S Sakamoto, H Sasaki, T Shimizu, Y Tamura, N TI KONOE: An object-oriented/network-distributed online environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2001 Nuclear Science Symposium CY NOV 04-10, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE DE data acquisiton; distributed computing; object oriented methods ID SYSTEM AB A tool kit for object-oriented network-distributed online-envirpnment (KONOE), a toolkit for data-acquisition software that is based on object-oriented methodology and network-distributed architecture, has been developed. KONOE provides a framework for distributed data-acquisition (DAQ) systems. A distributed DAQ has good scalability because the DAQ user can add inexpensive and high-performance PCs to the system. We have developed a network-distributed DAQ for the KEK PS-T473 Experiment by using the KONOE toolkit, and it is confirmed to have sufficiently good performance to satisfy the requirements from the experiment. C1 Rikkyo Univ, Res Ctr Measurement Adv Sci, Tokyo 171, Japan. Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 95021, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Ctr Res Comp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Okayama, Japan. Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Okayama 700, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Kyoto, Japan. RP Sakamoto, Y (reprint author), Rikkyo Univ, Res Ctr Measurement Adv Sci, Tokyo 171, Japan. EM yasube@rikkyo.ne.jp; iwai@hep.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp; kirika@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; asai@slac.stanford.edu; sanshiro@awa.tohoku.ac.jp; izumoto@cc.it-hiroshima.ac.jp; Setsuya.Kawabata@kek.jp; mizouchi@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; nagasaka@cc.it-hiroshima.ac.jp; nakano@fphy.hep.okayama-u.ac.jp; nishida@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp; sakamoto@icepp.s.u-tokyo.sc.jp; tamuran@hep.sc.niigata-u.ac.jp NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3254 EP 3261 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805514 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629PA UT WOS:000180057000003 ER PT J AU Re, V Borean, C Bozzi, C Carassiti, V Ramusino, AC Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Clark, AR Goozen, F Hernikl, C Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Roberts, G Schieck, J Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, M Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Burchat, P Cheng, C Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Rashevskaia, I Vuagnin, G Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O May, J Mazur, M Richman, J Verkerke, W Witherell, M Beringer, J Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Rowe, W Schmitz, RE Seiden, A Spencer, EN Turri, M Walkoviak, W Wilder, M Wilson, M Charles, E Elmer, P Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Scott, I Zobernig, H Laplace, S AF Re, V Borean, C Bozzi, C Carassiti, V Ramusino, AC Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Clark, AR Goozen, F Hernikl, C Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Roberts, G Schieck, J Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Morganti, M Morsani, F Neri, M Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Burchat, P Cheng, C Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Pompili, A Poropat, P Rashevskaia, I Vuagnin, G Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O May, J Mazur, M Richman, J Verkerke, W Witherell, M Beringer, J Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Rowe, W Schmitz, RE Seiden, A Spencer, EN Turri, M Walkoviak, W Wilder, M Wilson, M Charles, E Elmer, P Nielsen, J Orejudos, W Scott, I Zobernig, H Laplace, S TI The BaBar silicon-vertex tracker: Performance, running experience, and radiation-damage studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE AB The silicon-vertex tracker (SVT) for the BaBar Experiment at the PEP-II Asymmetric B Factory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), is a five-layer double-sided ac-coupled silicon-microstrip detector. It is a crucial element for the precise measurement of the decay position of B mesons, satisfying the severe constraints imposed by the accelerator design, in terms of geometry of the interaction region and conditions of operation. In the following paper, the SVT performance is described. Radiation issues are discussed and the results of different tests aimed to study the decrease in the SVT performance due to radiation damage are presented. The alignment procedure is described, and a few BaBar physics results are presented as examples of the SVT capabilities to reconstruct decay vertices with good resolution and efficiency. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, I-24044 Dalmine, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. RP Re, V (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, I-24044 Dalmine, Italy. RI Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; OI Cotta Ramusino, Angelo/0000-0003-1727-2478; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095 NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3284 EP 3289 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.806170 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629PA UT WOS:000180057000007 ER PT J AU Rawool-Sullivan, MW Sullivan, JP Koster, JE Rooney, BD AF Rawool-Sullivan, MW Sullivan, JP Koster, JE Rooney, BD TI Validity and limitations of the three-plane Compton-imaging technique via simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY 2002 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP IEEE DE Compton camera; simulation; Compton scattering ID CAMERA; TELESCOPE AB At Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, we are constructing a multilayer prototype camera using Silicon pixel detectors. Each pixel detector is 5.80 cm x 6.30 cm x 200 mum. The pixels are 3 mm x 3 mm in size. With this prototype, we intend to study electron-tracking techniques along with the three-plane Compton-imaging technique. In this paper, we present results of the initial simulation studies of the three-plane Compton-imaging technique using our prototype detector geometry for monoenergetic gamma sources with energies from 100 keV to 500 keV The GEANT simulation package was used to carry out these studies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rawool-Sullivan, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 3290 EP 3294 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.805513 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 629PA UT WOS:000180057000008 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC Novak, RP AF Losinger, WC Novak, RP TI Lameness and laminitis in horses on operations in the United States of America SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE equine; lameness; laminitis; National Survey; risk factor analysis C1 US DOE, New Brunswick Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), US DOE, 555 S Howes St,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN COUNC AGRICULTURAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA ICAR BHAWAN PUSA, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0367-8318 J9 INDIAN J ANIM SCI JI Indian J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1134 EP 1136 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 657GJ UT WOS:000181657700026 ER PT J AU Fisk, WJ Faulkner, D Palonen, J Seppanen, O AF Fisk, WJ Faulkner, D Palonen, J Seppanen, O TI Performance and costs of particle air filtration technologies SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE allergen; building; concentration; filtration; particle; reduction ID TOBACCO-SMOKE PARTICLES; AEROSOL FRACTION; MITE ALLERGEN; DEPOSITION; POLLEN; PENETRATION; EXPOSURE; OUTDOOR AB This paper predicts the reductions in the indoor mass concentrations of particles attainable from use of filters in building supply airstreams and also from use of stand-alone fan-filter units. Filters with a wide efficiency range are considered. Predicted concentration reductions are provided for indoor-generated particles containing dust-mite and cat allergen, for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particles, and for outdoor air fine-mode particles. Additionally, this paper uses a simple model and available data to estimate the energy and total costs of the filtration options. Predicted reductions in cat and dust-mite allergen concentrations range from 20 to 80%. To obtain substantial, e.g. 50%, reductions in indoor concentrations of these allergens, the rate of airflow through the filter must be at least a few indoor volumes per hour. Increasing filter efficiencies above approximately ASHRAE Dust Spot 65% does not significantly reduce predicted indoor concentrations of these allergens. For ETS particles and outdoor fine-mode particles, calculations indicate that relatively large, e.g. 80%, decreases in indoor concentrations are attainable with practical filter efficiencies and flow rates. Increasing the filter efficiency above ASHRAE 85% results in only modest predicted incremental decreases in indoor concentration. Energy costs and total costs can be similar for filtration using filters with a wide range of efficiency ratings. Total estimated filtration costs of approximately $0.70 to $1.80 per person per month are insignificant relative to salaries, rent, or health insurance costs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Heating Ventilating & Air Condittioning, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01136.x PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 625CD UT WOS:000179798600004 PM 12532754 ER PT J AU Hodgson, AT Beal, D McIlvaine, JER AF Hodgson, AT Beal, D McIlvaine, JER TI Sources of formaldehyde, other aldehydes and terpenes in a new manufactured house SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE houses; formaldehyde; aldehydes; wood products; emissions; source reduction ID STRONG AIRWAY IRRITANTS; EMISSION RATES; INDOOR AIR; PRODUCTS; EXPOSURE; HOMES AB Formaldehyde, less volatile aldehydes, and terpene hydrocarbons are generally the predominant air contaminants in new manufactured and site-built houses. This study was conducted to identify the major sources of these compounds in a typically constructed, new manufactured house and to evaluate several source reduction practices. Specimens of materials used within the house were collected. These were individually pre-conditioned for 19+/-4 days, and tested for emissions of formaldehyde and other target compounds using small-scale chambers. Several cabinetry materials, passage doors, and the plywood subfloor were the predominant sources of formaldehyde and other aldehydes. The plywood subfloor was the predominant terpene source. Whole-house emission rates for combined materials were predicted based on the emission factors and the corresponding material quantities. These predicted rates were compared with whole-house emission rates derived from measurements made at the house 3 months after its installation. For 10 of 14 target compounds including formaldehyde, the predicted and derived rates were within a factor of two. Four emission barriers applied to plywood were shown to reduce emission factors for formaldehyde, hexanal, and other aldehydes. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Bldg Res Div, Cocoa, FL USA. RP Hodgson, AT (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01129.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 625CD UT WOS:000179798600005 PM 12532755 ER PT J AU Bandaru, J Beeman, JW Haller, EE Samperi, S Haegel, NM AF Bandaru, J Beeman, JW Haller, EE Samperi, S Haegel, NM TI Influence of the Sb dopant distribution on far infrared photoconductivity in Ge : Sb blocked impurity band detectors SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE germanium; blocked impurity band detector; far infrared; photoconductor; liquid phase epitaxy ID GERMANIUM AB Extended long wavelength response to similar to200 mum (50 cm(-1)) has been observed in Ge:Sb blocked impurity band (BIB) detectors with N(D)similar to 1 x 10(16) cm(-1). The cut-off wavelength increases from 150 mum (65 cm(-1)) to 200 mum (50 cm(-1)) with increasing bias. The responsivity at long wavelengths was lower than expected. This can be explained by considering the observed Sb diffusion profile in a transition region between the blocking layer and active layer. BIB modeling is presented which indicates that this Sb concentration profile increases the electric field in the transition region and reduces the field in the blocking layer. The depletion region consists partially of the transition region between the active and blocking layer, which could contribute to the reduced long wavelength response. The field spike at the interface is the likely cause of breakdown at a lower bias than expected. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fairfield Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. RP Haller, EE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Cyclotron Rd 1,Mailstop 2-200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 353 EP 360 AR PII S1350-4495(02)00178-0 DI 10.1016/S1350-4495(02)00178-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 605JF UT WOS:000178674200005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Broughton, J Gwinn, DC Baionno, JA AF Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Broughton, J Gwinn, DC Baionno, JA TI Effects of coal combustion wastes on survival and development of larval anurans. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-07, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Towson Univ, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Towson, MD USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1245 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669ND UT WOS:000182356600327 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Fezzaa, K Westneat, M Betz, O Donohue, K AF Lee, WK Fezzaa, K Westneat, M Betz, O Donohue, K TI Imaging applications of synchrotron radiation for biomechanics and morphology. SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-07, 2002 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC INTEGRATIVE COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY PI MCLEAN PA 1313 DOLLEY MADISON BLVD, NO 402, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1264 EP 1265 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669ND UT WOS:000182356600420 ER PT J AU Johnston, JP Mosier, BP Khan, ZU AF Johnston, JP Mosier, BP Khan, ZU TI Vortex generating jets; effects of jet-hole inlet geometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article AB An experimental study of flow downstream of round, pitched and skewed wall-jets (vortex generating jets) is presented to illustrate the effects of changing the geometric inlet conditions of the jet-holes. In one case the jet-hole has a smoothly contoured inlet, and in the other the inlet was a sharp-edged, sudden contraction. The test region geometry, mean jet flow and cross-flow conditions were otherwise identical. In both cases, dominant streamwise vortex structures are seen in the boundary layer downstream; the flow and turbulence is nearly the same in the far-field starting downstream of x/D = 5. In the near-field, for x/D < 5, there are significant differences; turbulence levels are higher, and the start of the dominant vortex shape is less clear for the sharp-edged case. This is believed to be the result of flow separation and free shear layer instability inside the jet-hole which are not present for the smoothly contoured case. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. AT Kearney, New York, NY 10022 USA. RP Johnston, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 744 EP 749 AR PII S0142-727X(02)00138-8 DI 10.1016/S0142-727X(02)00138-8 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 614GV UT WOS:000179180700002 ER PT J AU Yang, C Raghavan, P Arrowood, L Noid, DW Sumpter, BG Tuzun, RE AF Yang, C Raghavan, P Arrowood, L Noid, DW Sumpter, BG Tuzun, RE TI Large-scale normal coordinate analysis on distributed memory parallel systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR MECHANICS CALCULATIONS; SOLVING TRIANGULAR SYSTEMS; POLYMER PARTICLES; MULTIPROCESSORS; ALGORITHMS AB A parallel computational scheme for analyzing large-scale molecular vibration on distributed memory computing platforms is presented in this paper. This method combines the implicitly restarted Lanczos algorithm with a state-of-art parallel sparse direct solver to compute a set of low frequency vibrational modes for molecular systems containing tens of thousands of atoms. Although the original motivation for developing such a scheme was to overcome memory limitations on traditional sequential and shared memory machines, our computational experiments show that with a careful parallel design and data partitioning scheme one can achieve scalable performance on lightly coupled distributed memory parallel systems. In particular, we demonstrate performance enhancement achieved by using the latency tolerant "selective inversion" scheme in the sparse triangular substitution phase of the computation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Computat Sci, Brockport, NY USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 409 EP 424 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 628NH UT WOS:000180002000004 ER PT J AU Nesatyy, VJ Laskin, J AF Nesatyy, VJ Laskin, J TI Dissociation of noncovalent protein complexes by triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry: comparison of Monte Carlo simulation and experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; triple quadrupole mass spectrometry; collisional activated dissociation ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; CYTOCHROME-C; IN-VACUO; BINDING; IONS; ACTIVATION; MYOGLOBIN AB We present Monte Carlo simulations of collisionally activated dissociation of noncovalent protein complexes in the collision cell of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. These simulations account for the influence of the precursor ion mass-to-charge ratio, acceleration potential, nature of the collision gas and the number of collisions experienced by the ion on the efficiency of ion dissociation. Evolution of the translational and internal energies of activated precursor ions along the collision cell was simulated using the hard-sphere and the diffuse scattering models. Dissociation rate constants and ion survival probability were calculated based on the estimated internal energy content of the excited ion. It was found that dissociation of the precursor ion could occur anywhere in the collision cell provided there is enough gain of relative internal energy accumulated during collisions. Simulated dissociation curves are in a good agreement with experimental results obtained for different collision gases at different pressures. Monte Carlo simulations of collision events modeled by the hard-sphere and diffuse scattering approximations resulted in different dynamics of precursor ion dissociation. Comparison of Monte Carlo simulations with results obtained using the previously proposed collision model showed a good correlation between the integral results obtained using these two approaches over a variety of experimental parameters. However, in contrast to the collision model, Monte Carlo simulations allow to obtain detailed information on the dynamics of ion dissociation in the collision cell. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations provided a first insight into collisionally activated dissociation of the precursor ion under unfolding conditions including realistic increase in collision cross section during ion passage through the collision cell. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nesatyy, VJ (reprint author), AQU, EAWAG, Uberlandstr 133, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 221 IS 3 BP 245 EP 262 AR PII S1387-3806(02)01017-5 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)01017-5 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 618MX UT WOS:000179422800006 ER PT J AU Cherouat, A Saanouni, K Hammi, Y AF Cherouat, A Saanouni, K Hammi, Y TI Numerical improvement of thin tubes hydroforming with respect to ductile damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ductile damage; finite elastoplasticity; implicit local integration scheme; dynamic explicit scheme; FEM; hydroforming processes AB Fully coupled constitutive equations, formulated in the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes with state variables, accounting for isotropic hardening as well as the isotropic ductile damage are used to simulate numerically, by the finite element analysis, 3D metal hydroforming processes with damage occurence. An implicit integration scheme for local time integration of the constitutive equations and a dynamic explicit resolution scheme to solve the associated dynamic equilibrium problem are used. The effects of friction coefficient, material ductility and hydro bulging condition, on the hydroformability of various thin tubes are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Technol Troyes, GSM LASMIS, F-10010 Troyes, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cherouat, A (reprint author), Univ Technol Troyes, GSM LASMIS, BP 2060, F-10010 Troyes, France. EM abdelhakim.cherouat@univ-troyes.fr; saanouni@utt.fr; yhammi@ca.sandia.gov NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7403 J9 INT J MECH SCI JI Int. J. Mech. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2427 EP 2446 DI 10.1016/S0020-7403(02)00177-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 658KW UT WOS:000181721000003 ER PT J AU Anderson, JD Turyshev, SG Nieto, MM AF Anderson, JD Turyshev, SG Nieto, MM TI A mission to test the pioneer anomaly SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article AB Analysis of the radio tracking data from the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft has consistently indicated the presence of an anomalous small Doppler frequency drift. The drift can be interpreted as being due to a constant acceleration of a(P) = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10(-8) cm/s(2) directed towards the Sun. Although it is suspected that there is a systematic origin to the effect, none has been found. The nature of this anomaly has become of growing interest in the fields of relativistic cosmology, astro- and gravitational physics as well as in the areas of spacecraft design and high-precision navigation. We present a concept for a designated deep-space mission to test the discovered anomaly. A number of critical requirements and design considerations for such a mission are outlined and addressed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div MSB285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1545 EP 1551 DI 10.1142/S0218271802002876 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638RT UT WOS:000180584600007 ER PT J AU Brenner, DJ Sawant, SG Hande, MP Miller, RC Elliston, CD Fu, Z Randers-Pehrson, G Marino, SA AF Brenner, DJ Sawant, SG Hande, MP Miller, RC Elliston, CD Fu, Z Randers-Pehrson, G Marino, SA TI Routine screening mammography: how important is the radiation-risk side of the benefit-risk equation? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; BREAST-CANCER; X-RAYS; INDUCTION; ENERGY AB The potential radiation hazards associated with routine screening mammography, in terms of breast cancer induction, are discussed in the context of the potential benefits. The very low energy X-rays used in screening mammography (26-30 kVp) are expected to be more hazardous, per unit dose, than high-energy X- or gamma-rays, such as those to which A-bomb survivors (from which radiation risk estimates are derived) were exposed. Based on in vitro studies using oncogenic transformation and chromosome aberration end-points, as well as theoretical estimates, it seems likely that low doses of low-energy x-rays produce an increase risk per unit dose (compared with high energy photons) of about a factor of 2. Because of the low doses involved in screening mammography, the benefit-risk ratio for older women would still be expected to be large, though for younger women the increase in the estimated radiation risk suggests a somewhat later age than currently recommended by about 5-10 years at which to commence routine breast screening. C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. Radiol Soc N Amer, Oak Brook, IL USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brenner, DJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Hande, M. Prakash/B-1645-2008 OI Hande, M. Prakash/0000-0002-4511-6256 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-77285] NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 78 IS 12 BP 1065 EP 1067 DI 10.1080/0955300021000016576 PG 3 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 626FN UT WOS:000179861700001 PM 12556334 ER PT J AU Rose, JH AF Rose, JH TI 'Single-sided' autofocusing of sound in layered materials SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID TIME-REVERSAL OPERATOR; ULTRASONIC FIELDS; MIRRORS AB Anew technique-'single-sided' autofocusing-is proposed and its possible use for inspecting layered materials is surveyed. Based on linear acoustics and the recently developed mathematical theory of focusing, single-sided autofocusing answers the question, 'Given single-sided access, how does one focus sound to a point inside a one-dimensional layered medium at a specified time-given that the velocity profile is unknown?' C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rose, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1923 EP 1934 AR PII S0266-5611(02)36666-8 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/18/6/329 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 628NG UT WOS:000180001900032 ER PT J AU Rice, B AF Rice, B TI Plant populations and row widths for diploid sugar-beet cultivars SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diploid; population density; row width; sugar beet AB This work aimed to establish whether a change from triploid to diploid cultivars would require any adjustment of the conventional plant populations and row widths used in sugar-beet production. In five trials, the diploid cultivar Celt was sown at three row widths: 51, 56 and 61 cm. At each width, seed spacings were adjusted so that four seed counts, between 50000 and 113000 seeds/ha, were sown. In four of these trials, plant establishment was 78 to 90% and yield (root, sugar) and sugar concentration were not significantly affected by the plant population density achieved. In one trial, where plant establishment was 58%, yield and sugar concentration continued to increase up to the highest plant density of 65 000 plants/ha. There were no yield or quality differences between 51-cm and 56-cm rows. On average, there was a reduction of 3.5% in extractable sugar yield with 61-cm rows; this was highly significant in one experiment. These results suggest that no change is required to the target plant populations used in Ireland. For those currently using 61-cm rows, a small yield increase may be achieved by reducing row width. C1 TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Rice, B (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU TEAGASC PI DUBLIN PA 19 SANDYMOUNT AVE, DUBLIN 4, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 663TC UT WOS:000182021000006 ER PT J AU Jones, LE Perelson, AS AF Jones, LE Perelson, AS TI Modeling the effects of vaccination on chronically infected HIV-positive patients SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE viral dynamics; mathematical models; tetanus vaccination ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; VIRAL REPLICATION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CLEARANCE RATE; DOUBLE-BLIND; AIDS; LYMPHOCYTES; DYNAMICS AB T-cell activation plays a critical role in the initiation and propagation of HIV-1 infection and yet transient activation of the immune system is a normal response to immunization. While it is now considered wise to vaccinate HIV-1-positive patients, it is crucial to anticipate any lasting effects of vaccination on plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and on infected T-cell populations. We extend a simple dynamic model of HIV infection to include T-cell activation by vaccination. We show that the model can reproduce many but not all of the features of the post-tetanus immunization rise in viral load observed and reported on by Stanley et al. in 1966 (N Engl J Med, 334:12221230). Amplitudes and approximate timing of postimmunization peak viral loads were matched in 10 of 12 cases; in patients with double postimmunization peaks of nearly equal amplitude the later peaks were matched. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that productively infected cell populations track postvaccination increases in plasma viral load, rising and failing in concert over a period of about 4 weeks, whereas chronically infected cells peak later and remain elevated over baseline levels for up to 6 weeks postvaccination. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 369 EP 377 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 618XZ UT WOS:000179444400001 PM 12447006 ER PT J AU Gibson, WM Schultz, AJ Chen-Mayer, HH Mildner, DFR Gnaupel-Herold, T Miller, ME Prask, HJ Vitt, R AF Gibson, WM Schultz, AJ Chen-Mayer, HH Mildner, DFR Gnaupel-Herold, T Miller, ME Prask, HJ Vitt, R TI Polycapillary focusing optic for small-sample neutron crystallography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY OPTICS; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTAL DIFFRACTION; DATA-COLLECTION AB The relatively low flux from neutron sources means that structural analysis using neutron diffraction requires large crystals that are often not available. The feasibility of a polycapillary focusing optic to produce a small intense spot of size < similar to 0.5 mm for small crystals has been explored and such an optic has been tested both on a monochromatic and on a polychromatic beam. In a diffraction measurement from an alpha-quartz crystal using a 2.1 degrees convergent beam from a pulsed neutron source, six diffraction peaks in the 1.5-4 angstrom wavelength bandwidth transmitted by the optic were observed. These diffraction spots show an intensity gain of 5.8 +/- 0.9 compared with a direct beam diffracting from the same sample volume as that illuminated by the convergent beam. C1 Xray Opt Syst Inc, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schultz, AJ (reprint author), Xray Opt Syst Inc, 30 Corp Circle, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM ajszhultz@anl.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 BP 677 EP 683 DI 10.1107/S0021889802014917 PN 6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 614FX UT WOS:000179178600005 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR AF Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR TI Separating the recrystallization and deformation texture components by high-energy X-rays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB High-energy synchrotron diffraction offers great potential for experimental study of recrystallization kinetics. Measurements on partially recrystallized samples using a monochromatic high-energy synchrotron beam show that recrystallized grains generate sharp diffraction spots, whereas the intensity from the deformed matrix varies smoothly along the Debye-Scherrer rings. Based on these observations, a method has been developed to separate the recrystallization texture components from those originating from the deformation matrix. The validity of this method is demonstrated with partially recrystallized interstitial-free steel. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 BP 684 EP 688 DI 10.1107/S0021889802015261 PN 6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 614FX UT WOS:000179178600006 ER PT J AU Trainor, TP Eng, PJ Robinson, IK AF Trainor, TP Eng, PJ Robinson, IK TI Calculation of crystal truncation rod structure factors for arbitrary rational surface terminations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; INTERFACES AB The technique of crystal truncation rod (CTR) diffraction is widely used for studying the structure of crystalline surfaces and interfaces. The theory and experimental details of the technique are well established; however, published methods for structure-factor calculations are typically based on a simple surface cell geometry. A method is presented for determining a surface coordinate system which results in a reciprocal lattice that is simply defined in terms of the surface termination. Based on this surface coordinate system, a general formalism for the calculation of CTR structure factors is re-derived, which may be easily applied to any surface that can be represented as a rational plane of a bulk crystal system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Trainor, TP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Bldg 434-A,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 BP 696 EP 701 DI 10.1107/S0021889802013985 PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 614FX UT WOS:000179178600008 ER PT J AU Cohen, AE Ellis, PJ Miller, MD Deacon, AM Phizackerley, RP AF Cohen, AE Ellis, PJ Miller, MD Deacon, AM Phizackerley, RP TI An automated system to mount cryo-cooled protein crystals on a synchrotron beamline, using compact sample cassettes and a small-scale robot SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLIZATION AB An automated system for mounting and dismounting pre-frozen crystals has been implemented at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). It is based on a small industrial robot and compact cylindrical cassettes, each holding up to 96 crystals mounted on Hampton Research sample pins. For easy shipping and storage, the cassette fits inside several popular dry-shippers and long-term storage Dewars. A dispensing Dewar holds up to three cassettes in liquid nitrogen adjacent to the beamline goniometer. The robot uses a permanent magnet tool to extract samples from, and insert samples into a cassette, and a cryo-tong tool to transfer them to and from the beamline goniometer. The system is simple, with few moving parts, reliable in operation and convenient to use. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Phizackerley, RP (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, MS 69,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209] NR 19 TC 199 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 BP 720 EP 726 DI 10.1107/S0021889802016709 PN 6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 614FX UT WOS:000179178600011 PM 24899734 ER PT J AU Chipera, SJ Bish, DL AF Chipera, SJ Bish, DL TI FULLPAT: a full-pattern quantitative analysis program for X-ray powder diffraction using measured and calculated patterns SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID RIETVELD METHOD; PHASE-ANALYSIS; MIXTURES AB FULLPAT is a quantitative X-ray diffraction methodology that merges the advantages of existing full-pattern fitting methods with the traditional reference intensity ratio ( RIR) method. Like the Rietveld quantitative analysis method, it uses complete diffraction patterns, including the background. However, FULLPAT can explicitly analyze all phases in a sample, including partially ordered or amorphous phases such as glasses, clay minerals, or polymers. Addition of an internal standard to both library standards and unknown samples eliminates instrumental and matrix effects and allows unconstrained analyses to be conducted by direct fitting of library standard patterns to each phase in the sample. Standard patterns may include data for any solid material including glasses, and calculated patterns may also be used. A combination of standard patterns is fitted to observed patterns using least-squares minimization, thereby reducing user intervention and bias. FULLPAT has been coded into Microsoft EXCEL using standard spreadsheet functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chipera, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 BP 744 EP 749 DI 10.1107/S0021889802017405 PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 614FX UT WOS:000179178600014 ER PT J AU Bevelhimer, MS AF Bevelhimer, MS TI A bioenergetics model for white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus: assessing differences in growth and reproduction among Snake River reaches SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Strugeon CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN ID YELLOW PERCH; TEMPERATURE; HYPOXIA; CYCLE AB Water diversion and hydropower operations in the Snake River basin (northwestern United States) potentially affect long-term growth and reproduction of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus through changes in food availability and energy demands. The white sturgeon has a unique life history that includes a life span of 80+ years, age at first reproduction of > 13 years, and a spawning interval of > 3 years. A bioenergetics model was developed to investigate the effects of temperature on A. transmontanus growth and reproduction among Snake River reaches. This model is unlike most bioenergetics models, because it incorporates both gonadal and somatic compartments for growth. The model tracks daily allocation of calories consumed by a female sturgeon exposed to different temperature regimes for any portion or the entirety of its lifespan. Excess energy is partitioned between gonadal and somatic growth depending on environmental cues, energy condition, age, and other factors. In addition to change in weight, the model output includes growth in length, condition factor, gonadal somatic index, spawning interval, timing of spawning, and fecundity. Simulations revealed a significant difference in the potential for growth and reproduction among Snake River reaches due to temperature variations. The model predicted that small increases in temperature can slow growth, increase the spawning interval, and reduce lifetime egg production. Further model development should include additional among-reach differences such as food availability and other water quality parameters that might affect growth and reproductive output. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bevelhimer, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4-6 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00392.x PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 627CV UT WOS:000179913400051 ER PT J AU Vyas, V Hebner, GA Kushner, MJ AF Vyas, V Hebner, GA Kushner, MJ TI Self-consistent three-dimensional model of dust particle transport and formation of Coulomb crystals in plasma processing reactors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION DRAG; WAVE-PROPAGATION; GLOW-DISCHARGES; SHEATH; SIMULATION; LEVITATION; LATTICE AB Dust particle transport in low-temperature plasmas has received considerable attention due to the desire to minimize contamination of wafers during plasma processing of microelectronic devices and for their use to study nonideal plasmas. Dust particles in radio frequency discharges form Coulomb crystals and display collective behavior under select conditions. In this article, we discuss results from a self-consistent three-dimensional model for dust particle transport in plasma processing reactors. The consequences of varying the bias voltage of the capacitively coupled discharge, plasma density, particle diameter, and the number of particles on the propensity for Coulomb crystal formation in argon plasmas will be discussed. We found that a single one-layer lattice spontaneously breaks up into separate lattices as the substrate bias is increased due to a redistribution of plasma forces. At high substrate biases, a void occurs in the plasma crystal which tends to close upon addition of electronegative gases such as O-2 and Cl-2 to argon. The interparticle spacing in the lattice depends on the number of particles in the lattice due to gravitational compressive forces; and on the plasma density due to the change in shielding length. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kushner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Kushner, Mark/A-7362-2008; Kushner, Mark/D-4547-2015 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 6451 EP 6460 DI 10.1063/1.1516865 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TK UT WOS:000179206600012 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Wright, AF Yu, J Gotz, W AF Seager, CH Wright, AF Yu, J Gotz, W TI Role of carbon in GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; N-TYPE GAN; DOPED GAN; DEEP LEVELS; DEFECTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; DEPOSITION; ACCEPTOR AB GaN samples, containing various concentrations of carbon and doped intentionally with silicon, have been grown heteroepitaxially on sapphire using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. These samples have been characterized by a variety of electrical and optical techniques, and the resulting experimental data are compared to density-functional-theory calculations of the formation energies and electronic states of substitutional and interstitial carbon in hexagonal GaN. We find that in samples where the silicon concentration exceeds that of carbon, carbon sits in the N substitutional site, acting as an acceptor and partially compensating the material. However, when carbon densities exceed those for Si, GaN becomes semi-insulating due to carbon occupation of both N and Ga substitutional lattice sites, and a new luminescence peak appears at similar to3 eV. Calculated formation energies of carbon in both sites are strong functions of both the Fermi level and growth stoichiometry. The former dependence gives rise to self-compensation when [C]>[Si] because the formation energy of the Ga substitutional configuration (the donor state) becomes equal to that of the N substitutional site, effectively pinning the Fermi level as it approaches midgap. Our results suggest that effective p-type doping of GaN can only be achieved under Ga-rich growth conditions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lumileds Lighting, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM chseage@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 7 U2 69 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 6553 EP 6560 DI 10.1063/1.1518794 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TK UT WOS:000179206600025 ER PT J AU Myers, SM Seager, CH Wright, AF Vaandrager, BL Nelson, JS AF Myers, SM Seager, CH Wright, AF Vaandrager, BL Nelson, JS TI Electron-beam dissociation of the MgH complex in p-type GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MINORITY-CARRIER INJECTION; SI DOPANTS; HYDROGEN; DESORPTION; IRRADIATION; REACTIVATION; ACCEPTORS; SURFACES; SILICON; LIGHT AB The dissociation of the MgH complex in GaN under low-energy electron-beam irradiation (LEEBI) and its reassociation during postirradiation annealing were measured using infrared vibration spectroscopy. The dissociation rate exhibits a pronounced dependence on the H isotope, being about 4 times greater for protium than deuterium. Reassociation occurs at temperatures <200 degreesC, which may be problematic for device applications of LEEBI. We consider possible reaction paths based on atomic configurations from density-functional theory and bond-excitation mechanisms investigated in surface-desorption studies, thereby arriving at a model of the evolution consistent with the experimental results. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Uniroyal Optoelect, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smmyers@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 6630 EP 6635 DI 10.1063/1.151528 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TK UT WOS:000179206600038 ER PT J AU Greanya, VA Tonjes, WC Liu, R Olson, CG Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG AF Greanya, VA Tonjes, WC Liu, R Olson, CG Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG TI Determination of the valence band dispersions for Bi2Se3 using angle resolved photoemission SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The valence band dispersions for Bi2Se3 have been determined using angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimentally determined band dispersions are compared with theoretical band structure calculations. In general, good agreement between experiment and theory was found. However, energy bands in the Gamma-Z direction are significantly flatter than those predicted by theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Greanya, VA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 6900,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 6658 EP 6661 DI 10.1063/1.1517748 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TK UT WOS:000179206600041 ER PT J AU Lukic-Zrnic, R Gorman, BP Cottier, RJ Golding, TD Littler, CL Norman, AG AF Lukic-Zrnic, R Gorman, BP Cottier, RJ Golding, TD Littler, CL Norman, AG TI Temperature dependence of the band gap of GaAsSb epilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LAYER; INP AB We have optically characterized a series of GaAs1-xSbx epilayers (0.19 250 degreesC in air and develops an oxide scale in water at temperatures up to 95 degreesC. Exposure in low-pressure steam at 200 degreesC caused significant swelling and cracking of the alloy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,ET-212,Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 743 EP 748 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01221-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01221-7 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UF UT WOS:000180647200139 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Wright, IG TI Long-term high temperature oxidation behavior of ODS ferritics SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REACTIVE ELEMENTS; CRITICAL-ISSUES; FUSION ENERGY; ALLOYS; STEEL; ADHESION; YTTRIUM; GROWTH; OXIDES AB Four oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-(13-14 at.%) Cr ferritic compositions were exposed in air and air with 10 vol.% water vapor for up to 10 000 h at 700-1100 degreesC. At 700-800 degreesC in air, the reaction rates were very low for all of the alloys compared to stainless steels. At 900 degreesC, a dispersion Of Y2O3, compared to Al2O3, showed a distinct benefit in improving the oxidation resistance, due to a reactive element effect. However, failure occurred after 7000 h at 900 degreesC when only 13% Cr was present. The absence of Ti and W in one alloy appeared to result in a thinner reaction product after oxidation at 800 degreesC. One composition was exposed in 10 vol.% water vapor at 800 and 900 degreesC and in air at 1000 and 1100 degreesC. Under both of these conditions, there was a significant increase in the rates of oxidation. With the relatively low Cr contents in these alloys, their corrosion-limited operating temperature in air is near 900 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 763 EP 768 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01223-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01223-0 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UF UT WOS:000180647200142 ER PT J AU Klueh, RL Maziasz, PJ Kim, IS Heatherly, L Hoelzer, DT Hashimoto, N Kenik, EA Miyahara, K AF Klueh, RL Maziasz, PJ Kim, IS Heatherly, L Hoelzer, DT Hashimoto, N Kenik, EA Miyahara, K TI Tensile and creep properties of an oxide dispersion- strengthened ferritic steel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB The tensile and creep properties of two oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels with nominal compositions of Fe-12Cr-0.25Y(2)O(3) (designated 12Y1) and Fe-12Cr-2.5W-0.4Ti-0.25Y(2)O(3), (12YWT) were investigated. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe field ion microscopy studies indicated that the 12YWT contained a high density of extremely fine Y-Ti-O clusters, compared to the much larger oxide particles in the 12Y1. The fine dispersion of particles gave the 12YWT better tensile and creep properties compared to commercial ODS alloys and ferritic/martensitic steels that would be replaced by the new ODS steel. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Mol Design & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012; Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 10 TC 121 Z9 125 U1 8 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 773 EP 777 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01046-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01046-2 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UF UT WOS:000180647200144 ER PT J AU Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ Singh, BN Wirth, B AF Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ Singh, BN Wirth, B TI Atomistic study of the generation, interaction, accumulation and annihilation of cascade-induced defect clusters SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOM; IRRADIATION-INDUCED CASCADES; STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; SMALL DISLOCATION LOOPS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DAMAGE CONDITIONS; VACANCY LOOPS; ALPHA-IRON; BCC METALS AB Recent theoretical calculations and atomistic computer simulations have shown that glissile clusters of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) play an important role in the evolution of microstructure in metals and alloys under cascade damage conditions. Over the past decade or so, the properties of SIA clusters in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices have been widely studied. In this paper we review key properties of these defects and also those of vacancy clusters formed directly in cascades, and present an atomic-level picture based on computer modelling of how these properties may change in the presence of other defects, impurities, stress fields, etc. We then examine the role of cluster properties and the consequences of their interactions in the process of damage accumulation and changes in mechanical and physical properties. We focus on the formation of defect clusters (e.g. dislocation loops and stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT)) and their segregation in the form of rafts of dislocation loops and atmospheres of loops decorating dislocations. Finally, we address the problem of radiation hardening by considering interactions between mobile dislocations and defect clusters (e.g. SIA dislocation loops, SFT and microvoids) produced during irradiation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn Mat Sci & Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Osetsky, YN (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn Mat Sci & Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015; OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285; Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 86 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 852 EP 861 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01094-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01094-2 PN B PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300002 ER PT J AU Marian, J Wirth, BD Schaublin, R Perlado, JM de la Rubia, TD AF Marian, J Wirth, BD Schaublin, R Perlado, JM de la Rubia, TD TI (100)-loop characterization in alpha-Fe: comparison between experiments and modeling SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID BCC IRON; DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; ENERGY; CLUSTERS; COPPER AB Ferritic/martensitic steels considered as first-wall candidate materials for fusion reactors experience significant radiation hardening at temperatures below similar to400 degreesC. Experimental evidence suggests that the observed defects are large interstitial dislocation loops with Burgers vector b = <100> and b = (1)/(2)<111>. In this work, the atomic character of <100> and (1)/(2)<111> loops is investigated with molecular dynamics simulations and the atomic configurations are used to calculate the defect image contrast through direct simulation of TEM images. The simulated images are subsequently compared with actual TEM micrographs of irradiated ferritic materials and are in very good qualitative agreement, providing strong indication that the observed b = <100> loops are interstitial in nature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid 28006, Spain. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CK-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Wirth, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015; Schaeublin, Robin/O-1426-2016 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285; Schaeublin, Robin/0000-0002-8379-9705 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 871 EP 875 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01158-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01158-3 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300005 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Singh, BN AF Heinisch, HL Singh, BN TI The effects of one-dimensional migration of self-interstitial clusters on the formation of void lattices SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; SIMULATION; GLISSILE; METALS; MODEL; BCC AB A series of kinetic Monte Carlo computer experiments performed on idealized systems clearly reveals the dramatic effects of 1-D migration of self-interstitial atom (SIA) crowdion clusters on the stability of void lattices. In the presence of migrating SIA, void lattices are shown to be unstable under pure 3-D SIA migration, but they are extremely stable, relative to random arrays of voids, under 1-D SIA migration. Void lattices remain stable even under the condition of fairly frequent changes in the Burgers vectors of the 1-D migrating SIA clusters. Clusters with average 1-D path segments having lengths on the order of the nearest neighbor distance in the void lattice can maintain the stability of void lattices. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 876 EP 880 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01005-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01005-X PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300006 ER PT J AU Kubota, A Caturla, MJ Payne, SA de la Rubia, TD Latkowski, JF AF Kubota, A Caturla, MJ Payne, SA de la Rubia, TD Latkowski, JF TI Modeling defect production in silica glass due to energetic recoils using molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB Silica is one of the candidate materials for final focusing mirrors in inertial fusion reactors. These materials will be exposed to high irradiation fluxes during operation. Radiation damage results in point defects that. can; lead to obscuration, that is, degradation of the optical properties of these materials. A basic understanding of defect production and migration in these materials is, however, limited. In this paper we present molecular dynamics simulations of defect production in silica glass due to energetic recoils. We compute the oxygen deficient centers generated during irradiation at energies between 1 and 5 keV and identify the mechanisms for production and recombination at short time scales. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kubota, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-370, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 891 EP 894 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01008-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01008-5 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300009 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Greenwood, LR Weber, WJ Williford, RE AF Heinisch, HL Greenwood, LR Weber, WJ Williford, RE TI Displacement damage cross sections for neutron-irradiated silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID POLYATOMIC MATERIALS; DEFECT PRODUCTION AB Displacements per atom (DPA) is a widely used damage unit for displacement damage in nuclear materials. Calculating the DPA for SiC irradiated in a particular facility requires a knowledge of the neutron spectrum as well as specific information about displacement damage in that material. In recent years significant improvements in displacement damage information for SiC have been generated, especially the energy required to displace an atom in an irradiation event and the models used to describe electronic and nuclear stopping. Using this. information, numerical solutions for the displacement functions in SiC have been determined from coupled integro-differential equations for displacements in polyatomic materials and applied in calculations of spectral-averaged displacement cross sections for SiC. This procedure has been used to generate spectrally averaged displacement cross sections for SiC in a number of reactors used for radiation damage testing of fusion materials, as well as the ARIES-IV conceptual fusion device. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 895 EP 899 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00962-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00962-5 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300010 ER PT J AU Perlado, JM Lodi, D Dominguez, E Prieto, J Caturla, MJ de la Rubia, TD AF Perlado, JM Lodi, D Dominguez, E Prieto, J Caturla, MJ de la Rubia, TD TI Multiscale modeling study of pulsed damage accumulation in alpha-Fe under inertial fusion conditions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB Reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels are being considered as candidate materials for the first structural wall of a future fusion reactor, due to their high resistance to neutron irradiation. A combination of molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo has been utilized to, analyze and assess the change and evolution of the microstructure in irradiated alpha-Fe, the main component of RAFM steels.', We discuss how the pulse frequency, I and 10 Hz, may affect the damage production and accumulation. Dose rates of 0.1 and 0.01 dpa/s will be considered in order to represent the damage suffered by a protected first structural wall These results will be compared with previous work on the subject and with those achieved with continuous irradiation at similar average dose rate. (C) 2002 Elsevier science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid 28006, Spain. CEN SCK, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lodi, D (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 907 EP 911 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01018-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01018-8 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300012 ER PT J AU Eldrup, M Singh, BN Zinkle, SJ Byun, TS Farrell, K AF Eldrup, M Singh, BN Zinkle, SJ Byun, TS Farrell, K TI Dose dependence of defect accumulation in neutron irradiated copper and iron SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; PRODUCTION BIAS; BEHAVIOR; METALS AB In order to investigate the difference in defect accumulation between fcc Cu and bcc Fe, tensile specimens were neutron irradiated at similar or equal to70 degreesC in the HFIR reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to fluences in the range of 4.5 x 10(20)-4.7 x 10(24) n/m(2) (E > 1 MeV) corresponding to displacement dose levels in the range of about 0.0001-0.8 dpa. Irradiated specimens were characterized using positron annihilation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. A limited number of iron specimens were also tensile tested. At 0.0001 dpa, a low density of very small vacancy clusters (1-3 vacancies) were detected in iron, while bigger three-dimensional cavities were observed at higher doses. Both their density and average size increased with increasing dose level. In contrast, no such cavities were observed in copper. Irradiation led to an increase in yield stress and a decrease in the uniform elongation for iron. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eldrup, M (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 10 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 8 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 912 EP 917 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01160-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01160-1 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300013 ER PT J AU Stoller, RE AF Stoller, RE TI The effect of free surfaces on cascade damage production in iron SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DISLOCATION LOOPS; ION IRRADIATION; ALPHA-IRON; METALS; BCC; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; COLLAPSE AB The first results have been obtained from a study intended to provide a quantitative measure of the effect of free surfaces on cascade damage evolution. A sufficient number of 10 keV iron cascades were completed to statistically evaluate variations between surface-influenced and bulk cascades. Two sets of near-surface cascades were completed; surface atoms served as the primary knockon atom (PKA) in the first set, while the PKA were located 10 lattice parameters below the surface in the second. Relative to bulk cascades, stable point defect production increased for cascades 10a(0) below the surface. Stable vacancy production increased further for cascades initiated at the surface, while the number of surviving interstitials decreased. The difference between the surviving vacancies and interstitials arises from sputtering and surface absorption of mobile interstitial defects. The fraction of vacancies contained in clusters increased as the cascade initiation site approached the surface, and larger vacancy clusters were formed. Conversely, no significant change in the in-cascade interstitial clustering fraction or the interstitial cluster size distribution was observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 5500,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 935 EP 940 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01096-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01096-6 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300017 ER PT J AU Schaeublin, R Caturla, MJ Wall, M Felter, T Fluss, M Wirth, BD de la Rubia, TD Victoria, M AF Schaeublin, R Caturla, MJ Wall, M Felter, T Fluss, M Wirth, BD de la Rubia, TD Victoria, M TI Correlating TEM images of damage in irradiated materials to molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOM; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; BCC IRON; COPPER; CLUSTERS; CU; METALS; FE AB TEM image simulations are used to couple the results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to experimental TEM images. In particular we apply this methodology to the study of defects produced during irradiation. MD simulations have shown that irradiation of FCC metals results in a population of vacancies and interstitials forming clusters. The limitation of these simulations is the short time scales available, on the order of 100 s of picoseconds. Extrapolation of the results from these short times to the time scales of the laboratory has been difficult. We address this problem by two methods: we perform TEM image simulations of MID simulations of cascades with an improved technique, to relate defects produced at short time scales with those observed experimentally at much longer time scales. On the other hand we perform in situ TEM experiments of An irradiated at liquid-nitrogen temperatures, and study the evolution,of the produced damage as the temperature is increased to room temperature. We find that some of the defects observed in the MD simulations at short time scales using the TEM image simulation technique have features that resemble those observed in laboratory TEM images of irradiated samples. In situ TEM shows that stacking fault tetrahedra are present at the lowest temperatures and are stable during annealing up to room temperature,. while other defect clusters migrate one dimensionally above -100 degreesC. Results are presented here. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EPFL, CRPP, Fus Technol Mat, PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Caturla, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015; Schaeublin, Robin/O-1426-2016 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285; Schaeublin, Robin/0000-0002-8379-9705 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 988 EP 992 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01140-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01140-6 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300027 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Giancarli, L Hasegawa, A Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Riccardi, B Snead, LL Weber, WJ AF Jones, RH Giancarli, L Hasegawa, A Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Riccardi, B Snead, LL Weber, WJ TI Promise and challenges of SiCf/SiC composites for fusion energy applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATION; SILICON-CARBIDE; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DEFECT PRODUCTION; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FIBER COMPOSITES AB Silicon carbide fiber/silicon carbide matrix composites have been specified in several recent fusion power plant design studies because of their high operating temperature (1000-1100 degreesC) and hence high energy conversion efficiencies. Radiation resistance of the beta-phase of SiC, excellent high-temperature fracture, creep, corrosion and thermal shock resistance and safety advantages arising from low induced radioactivity and afterheat are all positive attributes favoring the selection of SiCr/SiC composites. With the promise of these materials comes a number of challenges such as their thermal conductivity, radiation stability, gaseous transmutation rates, hermetic behavior and joining technology. Recent advances have been made in understanding radiation damage in SiC at the fundamental level through MD simulations of displacement cascades. Radiation stability of composites made with the advanced fibers of Nicalon Type S and the UBE Tyranno SA, where no change in strength was observed up to 10 dpa at 800 degreesC, in the development of materials with improved thermal conductivity, modeling of thermal conductivity, joining techniques and models for life-prediction. High transmutation rates of C and Si to form H, He, Mg, and Al continue to be a concern. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-9119 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. ENEA CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 48 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1057 EP 1072 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00976-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00976-5 PN B PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300041 ER PT J AU Shikama, T Zinkle, SJ AF Shikama, T Zinkle, SJ TI Electrical in situ and post-irradiation properties of ceramics relevant to fusion irradiation conditions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID FLUX FISSION REACTOR; INSULATING MATERIALS; DEGRADATION; NEUTRON; ALUMINA; DC AB Electrical properties of ceramic candidate materials for the next-generation nuclear fusion devices under relevant irradiation conditions are reviewed. A main focal point is placed on the degradation behavior of the electrical insulating ability during and after irradiation. Several important radiation induced effects play important roles: radiation induced conductivity, thermally stimulated electrical conductivity, radiation induced electrical charge separation, and radiation induced electromotive force. These phenomena will interact with each other under fusion relevant irradiation conditions. The design of electrical components for the next-generation fusion devices should take into account these complicated interactions among the radiation induced phenomena. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov RI Shikama, Tatsuo/C-3042-2011; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1073 EP 1079 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01112-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01112-1 PN B PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300042 ER PT J AU Hironaka, K Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Igawa, N Katoh, Y Snead, LL Kohyama, A AF Hironaka, K Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Igawa, N Katoh, Y Snead, LL Kohyama, A TI High-temperature tensile strength of near-stoichiometric SiC/SiC composites SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB In an attempt to characterize mechanical properties of near-stoichiometric SiC/SiC composites, tensile tests were conducted at room temperature in air and at elevated temperature under mild oxidizing gases atmosphere. SiC/SiC composites were fabricated by forced-flow chemical vapor infiltration method using two-dimensional fabrics of carbon coated near-stoichiometric Tyranno(TM)SA fibers. Tensile tests were conducted on composites with two types of lay-up schemes using edge-loading small specimens. The effect of lay-up orientation on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of composites were also examined. Tensile strength of composite was slightly decreased at 1573 K, while it retained approximately 80% of the strength at room temperature. Porosity dependence on elastic modulus was clearly exhibited. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, ACE, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Hironaka, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1093 EP 1097 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01049-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01049-8 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300046 ER PT J AU Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH AF Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH TI Optimizing the transverse thermal conductivity of 2D-SiCf/SiC composites. I. Modeling SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB For potential fusion energy applications, considerable fabrication efforts have been directed to obtaining transverse thermal conductivity (K-eff) values in excess of 30 W/m K (unirradiated) in the 800-1000 degreesC temperature range for 2D-SiCf/SiC composites. To gain insight into the factors affecting K-eff, at PNNL we have tested three different analytic models for predicting K-eff in terms of constituent (fiber, matrix and interphase) properties. The tested models were: the Hasselman-Johnson '2-Cylinder' model, which examines the effects of fiber-matrix (f/m) thermal barriers; the Mark-worth '3 -Cylinder' model, which specifically examines the effects of interphase thickness and thermal conductivity; and a newly developed anisotropic '3-Square' model, which examines the potential effect of introducing a fiber coating with anisotropic properties to enhance (or diminish) f/m thermal coupling. The first two models are effective medium models, while the third model is a simple combination of parallel and series conductances. Model predictions suggest specific designs and/or development efforts directed to optimize the overall thermal transport performance of 2D-SiCf/SiC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Youngblood, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS-K2-44,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1112 EP 1119 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00951-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00951-0 PN B PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300050 ER PT J AU Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH Kowbel, W AF Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH Kowbel, W TI Optimizing the transverse thermal conductivity of 2D-SiCf/SiC composites. II. Experimental SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB Model predictions of the transverse thermal conductivity (K-eff) are compared to experimentally determined values as a function of temperature for a commercial 2D-SiCf/SiC made by DuPont from plain weave Hi-Nicalon(TM) fabric and with an ICVI-SiC matrix. Two versions of the DuPont composite were examined: one with a 'thin' and one with a 'thick' pyrolytic carbon (PyC) fiber coating of thickness 0.110 and 1.044 mum, respectively. Generally good agreement of either the Hasselman-Johnson or the Markworth model predictions (see companion paper, L Modeling.) with measured values of K-eff for this composite suggest that these models can be used to predict K-eff for composites with various 'non-ideal' fiber, interphase and matrix structures. Importantly, the models make it possible to separate the relative component contributions to K-eff so that individual component degradation mechanisms can be examined in detail. For the two versions of the well-bonded, as-received DuPont composite made with Hi-Nicalon(TM) woven fabric, at 200 degreesC constituent values K-m = 22-25 W/m K (matrix thermal conductivity), K-c approximate to 25 W/m K (PyC-coating thermal conductivity) and h(eq) = 2.4 x 10(7) W/m(2) K (equivalent fiber-matrix interfacial thermal conductance) were determined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. RP Youngblood, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-15,Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1120 EP 1125 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00952-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00952-2 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300051 ER PT J AU Taguchi, T Wakai, E Igawa, N Nogami, S Snead, LL Hasegawa, A Jitsukawa, S AF Taguchi, T Wakai, E Igawa, N Nogami, S Snead, LL Hasegawa, A Jitsukawa, S TI Effect of simultaneous ion irradiation on microstructural change of SiC/SiC composites at high temperature SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SILICON-CARBIDE; HELIUM; FUSION; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of simultaneous triple ion irradiation of He, H and Si on microstructural evolution of two kinds of SiC/SiC composites (HNS composite (using Hi-Nicalon type S SiC fiber) and TSA composite (usling Tyranno SA-SiC fiber)) at 1000 degreesC has been investigated. The microstructure observations of SiC/SiC composites irradiated to 10 dpa were examined by transmission electron microscopy. He bubbles were hardly formed in matrix of TSA composite, but many helium bubbles and some cracks were observed at grain boundaries of matrix of FINS composite. He bubbles. and cracks were not, on the other hand, observed in the both fiber fabrics of HNS and TSA composites, Debonding between. fiber and carbon layer. following irradiation region was not observed in the both composites. Under these irradiation conditions, TSA composite showed the better microstructural stability against ion beams irradiation than one of HNS, composite. (C) 2062 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Taguchi, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM taguchi@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI Wakai, Eiichi/L-1099-2016 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1135 EP 1140 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01051-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01051-6 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300054 ER PT J AU Snead, LL Scholz, R Hasegawa, A Rebelo, AF AF Snead, LL Scholz, R Hasegawa, A Rebelo, AF TI Experimental simulation of the effect of transmuted helium on the mechanical properties of silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID IRRADIATED SIC CERAMICS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FUSION; IMPLANTATION; DAMAGE AB Experimental results simulating the effects of transmuted helium on the mechanical properties of SiC are presented. High-purity, stoichiometric chemically vapor-deposited SiC bend bars were cyclotron implanted using 37.7 MeV alpha particles at 590 degreesC. A uniform implantation to 100 and 1000 appm was carried out, with a maximum implantation depth of similar or equal to0.46 mm. Samples were then neutron irradiated to a dose of similar or equal to8 dpa at 800 degreesC, thereby simulating atomic displacements at dose rates and temperatures similar to those of a fusion blanket, while in the presence of high helium levels of (similar or equal to125 appm He/dpa). Results on as-implanted SiC yield statistically significant changes in bend strength, indent fracture toughness and density. It is clear that these changes are in part due to the similar or equal to0.1 dpa dose coincident with the helium implantation. Following neutron irradiation a larger change in properties occurs, though the difference between the helium pre-injected SiC, and the irradiated control samples was not statistically significant. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. JRC Ispra, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM z2n@ornl.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1141 EP 1145 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01052-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01052-8 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300055 ER PT J AU Hinoki, T Snead, LL Katoh, Y Hasegawa, A Nozawa, T Kohyama, A AF Hinoki, T Snead, LL Katoh, Y Hasegawa, A Nozawa, T Kohyama, A TI The effect of high dose/high temperature irradiation on high purity fibers and their silicon carbide composites SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; NICALON FIBERS; POWER-PLANT; FUSION; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE; RADIATION; BLANKET AB Silicon carbide composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration method using high purity fiber, Hi-Nicalon Type-S and Tyranno SA, and non-high purity fiber Hi-Nicalon. Bare fibers, SiC/SiC composites and CVD SiC were irradiated at 7.7 dpa and 800 degreesC or 6.0 dpa and 300 degreesC. The density of fiber and CVD SiC was measured by gradient column technique. Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by four-point flexural tests. Fracture surfaces were observed by SEM. Tyranno SA fiber and CVD SiC showed similar swelling behavior following irradiation at 7.7 dpa and 800 degreesC. Mechanical properties of composites reinforced with Hi-Nicalon Type-S and Tyranno SA fibers were stable even following neutron irradiation at 7.7 dpa and 800 degreesC. Fracture surfaces of these composites following irradiation were similar to those of non-irradiated composites with relatively short fiber pull-out. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, ACE, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Hinoki, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hinokit1@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1157 EP 1162 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01054-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01054-1 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300058 ER PT J AU Nogami, S Hasegawa, A Snead, LL AF Nogami, S Hasegawa, A Snead, LL TI Indentation fracture toughness of neutron irradiated silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; FUSION AB The indentation fracture toughness and other mechanical properties (elastic modulus and hardness) of high-purity stoichiometric chemical vapor deposition processed-SiC under neutron irradiation in a dose range of 10(24)-10(25) n/m(2) (E-n > 0.1 MeV) at the temperature range of 80-1150 degreesC were investigated. Indentation fracture toughness decreased slightly at the temperatures below 400 degreesC; and increased above 400 degreesC, for example, from 5.08 MPa m(-1/2) (non-irradiated) to 6.52 MPa m(-1/2) (800 degreesC neutron irradiated). Mechanical properties investigated-in this study were significantly dependent on the irradiation temperature up to 1150 degreesC, while generally independent on the irradiation dose up to 7.7 dpa signifying low-dose saturation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hasegawa, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, Aramaki Aza Aoba 01, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1163 EP 1167 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01055-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01055-3 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300059 ER PT J AU Nogami, S Ohtsuka, S Toloczko, MB Hasegawa, A Abe, K AF Nogami, S Ohtsuka, S Toloczko, MB Hasegawa, A Abe, K TI Analysis of possible deformation mechanisms in helium-ion irradiated SiC SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SILICON-CARBIDE; FUSION; CREEP AB Possible modes of accommodating deformation during physically constrained swelling of SiC during He-ion irradiation (similar to2 x 10(22) He/m(2) below 200 degreesC) were studied using finite, element modeling. When, accommodating deformation occurs only by elastic deformation, calculated internal stresses are much higher than the fracture stress for SiC. On the other hand, stresses below the fracture stress result when allowing irradiation-enhanced creep (IEC) to act as an additional accommodation mechanism. For a steady-state IEC. compliance coefficient for SiC equal to 6 x 10(-5) MPa-1 dpa(-1), the maximum observed von Mises stress was less than the fracture stress of the material. This, value for the creep compliance appears to be significantly larger than the few experimentally available measured values for crystalline SiC in the open literature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nogami, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, Aramaki Aza Aoba 01, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1178 EP 1182 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01058-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01058-9 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300062 ER PT J AU Snead, LL Balden, M Causey, RA Atsumi, H AF Snead, LL Balden, M Causey, RA Atsumi, H TI High thermal conductivity of graphite fiber silicon carbide composites for fusion reactor application SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; CERAMICS; TRITIUM AB The benefits of using CVI SiC/graphite fiber composites as low tritium retaining, high thermal conductivity composites for fusion applications are presented. Three-dimensional woven composites have been chemically vapor infiltrated with SiC and their thermophysical properties measured. One material used an intermediate grade graphite-fiber in all directions (Amoco P55) while a second material used very high thermal conductive fiber (Amoco K-1100) in the high fiber density direction. The overall void was less than 20%. Strength as measured by four-point bending Was comparable to those of SiC/SiC composite. The room temperature thermal conductivity in the high conductivity direction was impressive for both materials, with values >70 W/mK for the P-55 and >420 W/m-K for the K-1100 variant. The thermal conductivity was measured as a function of temperature and exceeds the highest thermal conductivity of CVD SiC currently available at fusion relevant temperatures (>600 degreesC). Limited data on the irradiation-induced degradation in thermal conductivity is consistent with carbon fiber composite literature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Kinki Univ, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sneadll@ornl.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1200 EP 1204 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01115-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01115-7 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300067 ER PT J AU Igawa, N Taguchi, T Snead, LL Katoh, Y Jitsukawa, S Kohyama, A McLaughlin, JC AF Igawa, N Taguchi, T Snead, LL Katoh, Y Jitsukawa, S Kohyama, A McLaughlin, JC TI Optimizing the fabrication process for superior mechanical properties in the FCVISiC matrix/stoichiometric SiC fiber composite system SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; RESISTANT AB The optimization of the fabrication of SiC composites with stoichiometric SiC fibers (Hi-Nicalon Type S and Tyranno SA) was carried out by the forced thermal-gradient chemical vapor infiltration (FCVI) process. These SiC/SiC composites had a low porosity (11%) with uniform pore distribution and uniform thickness of carbon interphase between advanced SiC fibers and SiC matrix. The tensile strength was slightly increased with the thickness of the carbon interphase in the range of 75-300 nm. The effectiveness of the carbon interphase for the excellent mechanical properties was confirmed by-scanning electron microscopy observation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Res Grp Irradiat Effects & Analyses, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Igawa, N (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Res Grp Irradiat Effects & Analyses, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1205 EP 1209 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01060-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01060-7 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300068 ER PT J AU Lewinsohn, CA Jones, RH Colombo, P Riccardi, B AF Lewinsohn, CA Jones, RH Colombo, P Riccardi, B TI Silicon carbide-based materials for joining silicon carbide composites for fusion energy applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID PRECERAMIC POLYMERS; CERAMICS AB This paper describes issues related to using silicon carbide derived from inorganic polymer precursors for joining silicon carbide composites for fusion energy applications. Evolution of gases and shrinkage during processing are identified as critical processes that may control the presence of strength limiting flaws and residual stresses. Precursor composition and structure effect the amount of gaseous species evolved during processing, chemical compatibility with substrates, and processing environments. Results from the literature and from the authors' investigations are used to illustrate the use of polymer derived material for joining. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Appl Chem & Mat Sci, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. EURATOM, ENEA CR Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RP Lewinsohn, CA (reprint author), Ceramatec Inc, 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1232 EP 1236 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01063-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01063-2 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300073 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Konys, J Muroga, T Evitkhin, V AF Smith, DL Konys, J Muroga, T Evitkhin, V TI Development of coatings for fusion power applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID ALUMINIZED MANET STEEL; ITER BREEDING BLANKET; PERMEATION BARRIER; LITHIUM; DESIGN; PLANT; CORE AB Coatings have been proposed as the solution to critical materials constraints for most of the blanket concepts under development for fusion power applications. However, the international programs on coating development are focused primarily on electrically insulating coatings to mitigate the magneto-hydrodynamic pressure drop in self-cooled lithium/ vanadium blanket concepts, and on tritium permeation barriers to reduce tritium permeation from Pb-Li into the water coolant in water-cooled Pb-Li concepts. Emphasis of the insulator coating development is on CaO and AIN coatings formed on vanadium alloys either in situ in lithium or by vapor deposition processes. The tritium barrier coating development is focused on Al2O3 formed on aluminized martensitic steels by several processes. This paper presents an overview of the fundamental materials issues associated with the various coatings and the status of coating development for the,various applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. State Enterprise, Moscow 115230, Russia. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 42 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1314 EP 1322 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00985-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00985-6 PN B PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300090 ER PT J AU Natesan, K Uz, M Smith, DL AF Natesan, K Uz, M Smith, DL TI Development of CaO coatings by thermal and chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID INSULATING COATINGS AB We conducted several experiments to test electrically insulating CaO coatings on a V-4Cr-4Ti alloy for application in the Li environment of liquid metal blankets in fusion reactors'. Two processes that involve double Ca deposition/ oxidation steps were developed to successfully coat V-4Cr-4Ti alloy samples with stable CaO. During the study, we examined several geometrical arrangements, using tabs and/or rod, specimens. After Ca deposition from the vapor phase, the specimens were oxidized in an Ar-10 vppm O-2 environment at approximate to600 degreesC. to convert the deposited metal into oxide, whereupon they exhibited insulating characteristics. Several coated specimens were then exposed to Li-2.8 at.%Ca at 500-700 degreesC to determine chemical compatibility and mechanical integrity. Depth profile analysis of the coatings was conducted to evaluate the compositional changes in the coatings and to assess the transport, if any, of substrate and coating constituents. Microstructural characteristics of the coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The preliminary results indicate that CaO is a viable coating for V-Li advanced blankets. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1323 EP 1328 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01225-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01225-4 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300091 ER PT J AU Pint, BA DeVan, JH DiStefano, JR AF Pint, BA DeVan, JH DiStefano, JR TI Temperature limits on the compatibility of insulating ceramics in lithium SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID CR-TI ALLOYS; LOW-PRESSURE; OXYGEN AB CaO and AIN are candidates for electrically insulating coatings in a lithium-cooled fusion reactor. Bulk specimens of AIN + 0.04 wt%Y and single-crystal CaO have been exposed to lithium in 1000 h isothermal capsule tests at 500-800 degreesC to determine the maximum temperature at which acceptable compatibility is likely. A large increase in the amount of mass loss of AIN was observed between. 600 and 700 degreesC. At 700 degreesC the amount of dissolution was reduced when a Mo capsule was used instead of a V alloy test capsule. High mass losses for single-crystal specimens of CaO were observed after exposure at 600 degreesC. In this case, changing to a Mo test capsule or adding Ca or 0 to the lithium did not consistently show a beneficial effect. At 700 degreesC, neither doping the Li with Ca or O significantly altered the high mass losses. These results suggest that CaO may be limited to exposure temperatures of less than 600 degreesC but that AIN may be able to operate above 600 degreesC. Because some designs call for operating temperatures of 750 degreesC other compositions, such as Er2O3 and Y2O3, also are being evaluated. Preliminary results show promise for these oxides after exposure at 800 degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1344 EP 1350 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01224-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01224-2 PN B PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300095 ER PT J AU Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Smolik, GR Piazza, G Scaffidi-Argentina, F Snead, LL AF Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Smolik, GR Piazza, G Scaffidi-Argentina, F Snead, LL TI Steam oxidation of PFC materials for advanced tokamaks SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; BERYLLIUM AB Steam chemical reactivity experiments were conducted for several ITER-like tokamak plasma-facing-component (PFC) materials: NB31 and NS31 carbon fiber composites (CFCs), W-1%La, DShG-200 Be, and Be.(S65C and-Ka-wecki PO Ductile Be) specimens irradiated to fast neutron fluences ranging from 5 x 10(19) to 1 x 10(21) n/cm(2). Experiments were performed at 800-1100 degreesC for CFC, 550-1000 degreesC for W-1%La, 500-900 degreesC for unirradiated Be, and 600-800 degreesC for irradiated Be. Average hydrogen generation rates are presented for these new measurements as a function,of temperature, and the results are compared to previous studies on similar materials. In general, the new results extend the temperature and material range from previous studies, are consistent with previous work, and provide Arrhenius-type hydrogen generation expressions useful for safety assessment calculations. Little irradiation influence on oxidation behavior was observed for Be irradiated to 1 x 10(21) n/cm(2), whereas significant influence was observed in previous tests on Be irradiated to 5 x 10(22) n/cm(2). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Culham Sci Ctr, EFDA Close Support Unit Culham, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IKET, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Anderl, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1375 EP 1379 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01067-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01067-X PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300101 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Park, JH Natesan, K AF Smith, DL Park, JH Natesan, K TI In situ formation of CaO insulator coatings on vanadium alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID BLANKET AB A key issue for the self-cooled lithium blanket concept with a vanadium alloy structure is the development of an electrically insulating coating on the coolant channel walls to mitigate the magneto-hydrodynamic pressure drop in a high magnetic field. A systematic investigation of the thermodynamics. and kinetics of oxygen and calcium interactions in the vanadium alloy/lithium system is being conducted to define the system parameters required for in situ formation of a CaO coating on,vanadium alloys. This paper presents results of theory and modeling as well as experimental results on the formation of CaO coatings on vanadium alloys after exposure at temperatures of 600-700 degreesC to lithium with a small fraction of Ca added. Coatings of 10-30 mum with high electrical resistivity (>10(8) Omegacm) have been formed on V-alloys. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1405 EP 1410 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01141-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01141-8 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300107 ER PT J AU Oliver, BM Venhaus, TJ Causey, RA Garner, FA Maloy, SA AF Oliver, BM Venhaus, TJ Causey, RA Garner, FA Maloy, SA TI Hydrogen release from 800 MeV proton-irradiated tungsten SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID DEUTERIUM AB Tungsten irradiated in spallation neutron sources, such as those proposed for the accelerator production of tritium (APT) project, will contain large quantities of generated helium and hydrogen gas. Tungsten used in proposed fusion reactors will also be exposed to neutrons, and the generated protium will be accompanied by deuterium and tritium diffusing in from the, plasma-facing surface. The release kinetics of these gases during various off-normal scenarios, involving loss of coolant and after heat-induced rises in temperature are of particular interest for both applications I. To determine the release kinetics of hydrogen from tungsten, tungsten rods irradiated with 800 MeV protons in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) to high exposures as part of the APT project have been. examined. Hydrogen evolution from the tungsten has been measured using a dedicated mass-spectrometer system by subjecting the specimens to an essentially linear temperature ramp from similar to300 to similar to1500 K. Release profiles are compared with predictions obtained using the Tritium Migration Analysis Program (TMAP4). The measurements show that for high proton doses, the majority of the hydrogen is released gradually, starting at about 900 K and reaching a maximum at about 1400 K, where it drops fairly rapidly. Comparisons with TMAP show quite reasonable agreement using a trap energy of 1.4 eV and a trap density of similar to7%. There is a small additional release fraction occurring at similar to550 K, which is believed to be associated with low-energy trapping at or near the surface, and, therefore, was not included in the bulk TMAP model. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1418 EP 1423 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01293-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01293-X PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300109 ER PT J AU Oliver, BM James, MR Garner, FA Maloy, SA AF Oliver, BM James, MR Garner, FA Maloy, SA TI Helium and hydrogen generation in pure metals irradiated with high-energy protons and spallation neutrons in LANSCE SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID SYSTEM AB High-power spallation neutron sources will require accurate estimates of cross-sections for generation of He and H in structural materials. At high-proton energies, very high levels of gas atoms are generated in all constituents of typical iron-based and nickel-based structural alloys, with He typically similar to150 appm/dpa and H at levels similar to3-5 times higher. Improved estimates of these cross-sections have been derived from a series of irradiations conducted at relatively low temperatures (< 100 degreesC) in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center as part of a test program supporting the Accelerator Production of Tritium Program. Pure metal dosimetry foils were irradiated in two different spectra ranging from similar to800 MeV protons to a mixed distribution of both protons and spallation neutrons. Most of the gas production was due to spallation reactions with the proton beam, although gas and especially damage production from lower-energy spallation neutrons became more significant at the mixed proton/neutron location. The measured He concentrations are similar to those derived in other proton environments, but larger by about a factor of two than those calculated using the LAHET/MCNPX code system. Unlike He, the measured H retention levels are affected by diffusional losses, hut H is still retained at rather high concentrations, allowing a lower bound estimate of the H generation cross-sections. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1471 EP 1477 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01295-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01295-3 PN B PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300119 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Matsui, H AF Smith, DL Matsui, H TI Helium analysis from the DHCE-1 simulation experiment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID VANADIUM AB The combined effects of high helium transmutation rates with the displacement damage produced by high energy fusion neutrons remains the key issues in the evaluation of the performance and lifetime limits of candidate vanadium alloys for fusion first-wall structure applications. A dynamic helium charging experiment (DHCE) has been developed as a unique method for investigating the effects of fusion-relevant helium generation rates on the properties of vanadium alloys irradiated in a fission reactor neutron spectrum. In this simulation, decay of tritium in the vanadium alloy to helium during fission reactor irradiation is used to provide constant He/displacement damage ratios characteristic of a fusion neutron environment. A proof-of-principle experiment (DHCE-1) was conducted in the FFTF reactor. Detailed calculations of the predicted helium concentrations in unalloyed vanadium and the reference V-4Cr-4Ti alloy included in the DHCE-1 indicate quite good agreement with experimental results and demonstrate the validity of the DHCE technique. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1488 EP 1493 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01288-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01288-6 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300122 ER PT J AU Hassanein, A AF Hassanein, A TI Hydrogen and helium entrapment in flowing liquid metal plasma-facing surfaces SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB The ability to use liquids as plasma-facing component (PFCs) depends on their interaction with the plasma. and the magnetic field. One important issue for the moving liquid is the ability to entrain particles that strike the PFC surface (helium and hydrogen isotopes) while accommodating high heat loads. To study this problem, a numerical model has been developed using the HEIGHTS computer simulation package. The model was used to investigate pumping 4 He particles by the flowing liquid rather than requiring a standard vacuum system. Hydrogen isotope(DT) particles:are likely be trapped in the liquid metal surface (e.g., lithium) due to the high chemical solubility of hydrogen. The incident He particles in the established low-recycling regime at PFCs could be harder to pump using standard vacuum pumping techniques. The, analysis results indicate, however, a reasonable chance of adequate, helium self-trapping in, flowing lithium as PFC without active pumping. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hassanein, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1517 EP 1519 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01270-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01270-9 PN B PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300128 ER PT J AU Grossbeck, ML King, JF Nagasaka, T David, SA AF Grossbeck, ML King, JF Nagasaka, T David, SA TI Gas tungsten arc welding of vanadium alloys with impurity control SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID V-4CR-4TI AB Gas tungsten arc welding in vanadium alloys is controlled by interstitial impurities. Techniques have been developed to weld V-4Cr-4Ti in a high-purity argon atmosphere resulting in a DBTT of -20 degreesC. The atmosphere was controlled by a Zr-Al getter which is activated at high temperature to obtain a clean surface then cooled and allowed to absorb hydrogen and oxygen impurities. Through the use of low-oxygen base metal and high-purity weld filler wire, a DBTT of -145 degreesC was obtained. Experiments using electron beam welding have shown that grain size also has an important effect on weld ductility. Introduction of nitrogen and yttrium has been used to study their effect on grain size. Using a combination of atmosphere control, alloy purity control, and grain size control, it is anticipated that V-Cr-Ti alloys will be weldable in field conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. RP Grossbeck, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1590 EP 1594 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00968-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00968-6 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300142 ER PT J AU Nagasaka, T Muroga, T Grossbeck, ML Yamamoto, T AF Nagasaka, T Muroga, T Grossbeck, ML Yamamoto, T TI Effects of post-weld heat treatment conditions on hardness, microstructures and impact properties of vanadium alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID CR-TI ALLOYS; V-4CR-4TI AB Gas-tungsten-are (GTA) weld joints were made from V-4Cr-4Ti alloys in which oxygen levels at the weld metal ranged from 73 to 355 wppm. Both the weld metal and the base metal of the joints showed hardening after the welding. In this study, the influence of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on hardness, microstructure and impact properties were investigated. Change in hardness due to annealing at 673 and 973-1273 K was shown to be caused by release of contaminant hydrogen and precipitate evolution, respectively. Results indicated that the precipitation hardening increased with oxygen level. Charpy impact properties did not change significantly due to annealing at 673 K, while fine precipitation at 1073 K degraded the impact property. No improvement of impact property by PWHT is expected at low oxygen level in the weld metal. Precipitation behavior during aging and irradiation may determine the performance of V-4Cr-4Ti weld joints. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Nagasaka, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Oroshi,Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1595 EP 1599 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01170-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01170-4 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300143 ER PT J AU Lucas, GE Odette, GR Sokolov, M Spatig, P Yamamoto, T Jung, P AF Lucas, GE Odette, GR Sokolov, M Spatig, P Yamamoto, T Jung, P TI Recent progress in small specimen test technology SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CLEAVAGE TOUGHNESS; EMBRITTLEMENT; MECHANISMS; STEELS AB Small specimen test technology (SSTT) has enabled, the development of fusion materials by efficiently using available irradiation volumes. The technology has also evolved in anticipation of the construction and operation of a high-energy neutron source for development and verification of an engineering database for materials for fusion power reactors. Work to date has brought SSTT to a robust state of maturity. SSTT specimens and techniques now routinely serve as the foundation for a number of ongoing and planned experimental programs. Moreover, the need to use small specimens has given rise to the development of new approaches to fracture assessment, such as the master curves-shifts method. Nonetheless a wealth of opportunities exists to further develop new and very innovative SSTT methods. not only for characterizing standard mechanical properties but also to enable both large matrix single variable experiments and highly controlled basic mechanism studies. This paper reviews briefly the recent progress on developing a more science-based SSTT, including some future opportunities. The importance and utility of applying a variety of quasinon-destructive evaluations to a single specimen and closely integrating. finite element. simulations and fundamental models of deformation and fracture are emphasized. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EPFL, CRPP, Fus Technol Mat, OVGA2, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Lucas, GE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM gene@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1600 EP 1608 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01171-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01171-6 PN B PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300144 ER PT J AU Toloczko, MB Kurtz, RJ Hasegawa, A Abe, K AF Toloczko, MB Kurtz, RJ Hasegawa, A Abe, K TI Shear punch tests performed using a new low compliance test fixture SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM-10) CY OCT 14-19, 2001 CL BADEN-BASEN, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, EURATOM Fus Assoc AB Based on a recent finite element analysis (FEA) study performed on the shear punch test technique, it was suggested that compliance in a test frame and fixturing which is quite acceptable for uniaxial tensile tests, is much too large for shear punch tests. The FEA study suggested that this relatively large compliance was masking both the true yield point and the shape of the load versus displacement trace obtained in shear punch tests. The knowledge gained from the FEA study was used to design a new shear punch test fixture which more directly measures punch tip displacement. The design of this fixture, the traces obtained from this fixture, and the correlation between uniaxial yield stress and shear yield stress obtained using this fixture are presented here. In general, traces obtained from the new fixture contain much less compliance resulting in a trace shape which is more similar in appearance to a corresponding uniaxial tensile trace. Due to the more direct measurement of displacement, it was possible to measure yield stress at an offset shear strain in a manner analogous to yield stress measurement in a uniaxial tensile test. The correlation between shear yield and uniaxial yield was altered by this new yield measurement technique, but the new correlation was not as greatly improved as was suggested would occur from the FEA study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Toloczko, MB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 307 BP 1619 EP 1623 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01258-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01258-8 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 639UG UT WOS:000180647300147 ER PT J AU Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Sickafus, KE AF Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Sickafus, KE TI Effect of sputtering in Xe ion irradiated yttria-stabilized zirconia SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; CUBIC ZIRCONIA; GAS IONS; IMPLANTATION; SIMULATION; BEAM; ACCUMULATION; CESIUM; CODE AB Fully stabilized zirconia is known as a radiation resistant material. The objective of many experiments on zirconia has been to test the susceptibility of this material to amorphization. Because zirconia exhibits high radiation tolerance, this has made very high fluence ion irradiation experiments a necessity and so, additional irradiation-induced effects such as surface sputtering become important. In this paper, we present results from 340 keV Xe(++) irradiations of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to fluences ranging from 1 x 10(15) to 1.5 x 10(21) ions/m(2). No amorphization of YSZ was observed after irradiation to even the highest ion fluence. To assess sputtering effects at high fluence, an analytical model was developed, using ion range and damage distributions calculated using Monte Carlo simulations for ion-solid interactions. Analysis results and experimental data revealed that at high fluences, the implanted ion and damage distribution profiles are significantly modified by sputtering. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2-3 BP 112 EP 120 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01233-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01233-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 624VT UT WOS:000179782900004 ER PT J AU Li, FX Lu, P Sickafus, KE AF Li, FX Lu, P Sickafus, KE TI Effects of Xe-ion irradiation at high temperature on single crystal rutile SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED TIO2; LATTICE DISORDER; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; LOCATION; RECOVERY; BEAM AB Rutile (TiO2) single crystals with (1 1 0) orientation were irradiated with 360 keV Xe2+ ions at 923 K to fluences ranging from 7 x 10(14) to 1 x 10(16) Xe/cm(2). Damage accumulation and evolution were analyzed using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy combined with ion channeling analysis, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. TiO2 crystals were found to exhibit a layer-like damage structure after irradiation, with up to three characteristic layers: (1) a thin surface layer denuded of defects; (2) a second layer centered at the peak damage position, consisting of small voids about 1-3 nm in diameter; and (3) a third, deeper layer consisting of large defects such as dislocations and dislocation loops. The defect-denuded layer at the surface results from point defect diffusion and annealing. The voids in the second layer may be attributed to aggregation of vacancies. Point defect migration and precipitation is also responsible for the large defects observed in the deepest layer within the irradiated microstructure. Amorphization was not observed in the crystals irradiated at this high temperature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 125 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01234-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01234-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 624VT UT WOS:000179782900005 ER PT J AU Damen, PMG van Veen, A Matzke, H Schut, H Valdez, JA Wetteland, CJ Sickafus, KE AF Damen, PMG van Veen, A Matzke, H Schut, H Valdez, JA Wetteland, CJ Sickafus, KE TI Helium behaviour and defect evolution in amorphous spinel during thermal annealing SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM-ALUMINATE SPINEL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MGAL2O4 SPINEL; DAMAGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSMUTATION; IRRADIATION; ENERGY; VEPFIT AB MgAl2O4-spinel has been widely investigated as inert matrix for actinide-transmutation. Under impact of fission fragments, it becomes amorphous. During reactor irradiation, crystalline and amorphous spinel are expected in the fuel, containing, among others xenon and helium. Gas-release measurements and positron beam analysis (PBA) were performed on amorphized specimens and compared to results on crystalline spinel. Helium was released in two stages between 575 and 800 K in first-order desorption processes with activation enthalpies of 1.9 and 2.7 eV and attempt frequencies of about 10(13) s(-1). Xenon was released between 1050 and 1450 K. PBA experiments indicated that defect clustering occurred near the surface at low temperatures and in deeper regions at about 950-1200 K. Recrystallization was observed between 1000 and 1350 K and defect annealing was completed at 1600 K. PBA indicates two different damage zones, corresponding to displacement zones with and without xenon. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Damen, PMG (reprint author), European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, POB 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2-3 BP 180 EP 189 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01259-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01259-X PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 624VT UT WOS:000179782900011 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ AF Moore, KT Wall, MA Schwartz, AJ TI Experimental verification of the existence and structure of zeta Pu6Fe in a Pu-Ga alloy SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM AB A phase belonging to the space group I4/mcm was identified in a Pu-Ga alloy containing trace amounts of Fe and Ni using electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) in a transmission electron microscope. The plane group symmetry of six experimental diffraction patterns showed that the structure of this phase was at least body-centered orthorhombic. Simulated diffraction patterns, generated from the body-centered tetragonal structure of zeta Pu6Fe with the space group I4/mcm, match the experimental diffraction patterns closely. These results present the first crystallographic evidence for the existence of zeta Pu6Fe in a dilute Pu-Ga alloy. The Pu/Fe ratio of the phase yielded by EDXS was 12.5 at.% and the Pu/(Fe + Ni) ratio was 15.9 at.%. These results suggest that Ni substitutes for Fe in the zeta, Pu6Fe lattice. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwartz, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-355, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 217 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01319-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01319-3 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 624VT UT WOS:000179782900015 ER PT J AU Fabritsiev, SA Pokrovsky, AS Zinkle, SJ Ostrovsky, SE AF Fabritsiev, SA Pokrovsky, AS Zinkle, SJ Ostrovsky, SE TI Effect of helium on the swelling of GlidCop Al25IG alloy SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STRENGTHENED COPPER-ALLOYS; DOSE NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ION IRRADIATION; PHASE-STABILITY; CONDUCTIVITY CHANGES; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; ITER APPLICATIONS; CU/SS JOINTS; 16 DPA AB This report presents data on the effect of neutron irradiation up to 0.5 dpa in the mixed spectrum SM-2 reactor at T-irr approximate to 160 and approximate to 295 degreesC and on the TEM microstructure of GlidCop A125 IG oxide dispersion strengthened copper after different heat treatments (CR + annealed, HIP). It is shown for the first time that a high helium generation rate in the alloy, due to boron introduced into the alloy in the capacity of deoxidizer, results in high-rate swelling of GlidCop A125 IG of about 1%/dpa at 300 degreesC. It is shown that the average size of Al2O3 particles reduces under irradiation. The conclusion is made that the application of elements with high cross-sections of helium generation as deoxidizers can result in a substantial decrease of the resistance to swelling of copper alloys for fusion applications. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. Sci Res Inst Atom Reactors, Dimitrovgrad 433510, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fabritsiev, SA (reprint author), DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, Sovetsky Pr 1, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. EM fabrsa@sintez.niiefa.spb.su OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 306 IS 2-3 BP 218 EP 231 AR PII S0022-3115(02)01310-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)01310-7 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 624VT UT WOS:000179782900016 ER PT J AU Ding, H Engelbrecht, JR Wang, Z Wang, SC Yang, HB Campuzano, JC Takahashi, T Kadowaki, K Hinks, DG AF Ding, H Engelbrecht, JR Wang, Z Wang, SC Yang, HB Campuzano, JC Takahashi, T Kadowaki, K Hinks, DG TI Superconducting coherent quasiparticle weight in high-T-c superconductor from angle-resolved photoemission SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL ID VALENCE-BOND STATE; FERMI-SURFACE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; GAP; BI; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSION; PSEUDOGAP; SPECTRA AB We study the doping and temperature dependence of the single-particle coherent weight, z(A), for high-T-c superconductors Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x using angle-resolved photoemission. We find that at low temperatures the coherent weight z(A) at (pi,0) is proportional to the carrier concentration x and that the temperature-dependence of z(A) is similar to that of the c-axis superfluid density. We show that, for a wide range of carrier concentration, the superconducting transition temperature scales with the product of the low-temperature coherent weight and the maximum superconducting gap. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Ding, H (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM dingh@bc.edu RI Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Wang, Shancai/F-6162-2013; OI Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2135 EP 2139 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00252-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00252-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900002 ER PT J AU Mook, HA Dogan, F AF Mook, HA Dogan, F TI Phase diagram for stripes in YBa2Cu3O6+x superconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE superconductors; neutron scattering; superconductivity ID MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS AB Neutron scattering has been used to measure the charge and spin structure in the YBa2Cu3O6+x, superconductors. Incommensurate static charge ordering is found at low doping levels while only charge fluctuations are found at higher doping. The spin structure is complex with both a commensurate resonance and incommensurate structure observed at low temperatures. The scattering results are used to construct a phase diagram for stripes in the YBa2Cu3O6+, system. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mook, HA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2163 EP 2166 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00216-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00216-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900007 ER PT J AU Bansil, A Lindroos, M Sahrakorpi, S Markiewicz, RS Gu, GD Avila, J Roca, L Tejeda, A Asensio, MC AF Bansil, A Lindroos, M Sahrakorpi, S Markiewicz, RS Gu, GD Avila, J Roca, L Tejeda, A Asensio, MC TI First principles simulations of energy and polarization dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectra of Bi2212 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE Fermi surface; ab initio calculations; electronic structure ID FERMI-SURFACE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; ALLOYS; STATES; BANDS; SUPERCONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; BISCO AB We discuss first-principles simulations of angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) intensity in Bi2212 where the photoexcitation process is modeled realistically by taking into account the full crystal wavefunctions of the initial and final states in the presence of the surface. Some recent results aimed at understanding the effects of the energy and polarization dependencies of the ARPES matrix element are presented. The nature of the Fermi surface (FS) maps obtained via ARPES by holding the initial state energy fixed at the Fermi energy (E-F) is clarified. The theoretically predicted FS map at 21 eV photon energy displays a remarkable level of agreement with the corresponding ARPES spectrum taken over a large area of the (k(x), k(y)) plane. Our analysis shows how the ARPES matrix element can help disentangle closely spaced energy levels and FS sheets and highlight different aspects of the electronic spectrum in complex materials under various experimental conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Phys, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11975 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Paris 11, LURE, F-91898 Orsay, France. RP Bansil, A (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Tejeda, Antonio/C-4711-2014 OI Tejeda, Antonio/0000-0003-0125-4603 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2175 EP 2180 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00255-X DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00255-X PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900009 ER PT J AU Curro, NJ AF Curro, NJ TI Probing spatial correlations in the inhomogeneous glassy state of the cuprates by Cu NMR SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE superconductors; nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear quadrupolar resonance ID ECHO DECAY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; LA1.65EU0.2SR0.15CUO4; YBA2CU3O7; ORDER; HOLES; SPINS AB We discuss the crossover of the form of the Cu Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin echo decay at the onset of Cu wipeout in lanthanum cuprates. Experimentally, the echo decay undergoes a crossover from Gaussian to exponential form below the temperature where the Cu NMR intensity drops. The wipeout and the change in behavior both arise because the nuclei experience spatially inhomogeneous spin fluctuations at low temperatures. We argue that regions where the spin fluctuations remain fast are localized on length scales of order 1-2 lattice spacings. The inhomogeneity is characterized by the local activation energy E-a(r); we estimate the functional form of E-a(r) for points where E-a>(r) similar to 0. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Curro, NJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2181 EP 2185 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00231-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00231-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900010 ER PT J AU Yang, IS Klein, MV Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC AF Yang, IS Klein, MV Bud'ko, S Canfield, PC TI Negative boron isotope effect of a '2 Delta' gap peak in Raman spectra from non-magnetic borocarbide superconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE superconductors; phonons ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL YNI2B2C; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE; T-C; LUNI2B2C; SCATTERING; NI; SPECTROSCOPY; ANISOTROPY AB The nickel borocarbides RNi2B2C, R = Y or Lu, have a superconducting T-c of 15-16 K and exhibit properties consistent with an anisotropic s-wave gap. We briefly review their properties. Electronic Raman scattering results are presented on YNi2B2C containing B-11 or B-10. In A(1g) and B-1g Raman symmetries, there is no shift in the position of the '2Delta' peak with B-isotope. There is a distinct negative shift, however, in B-2g symmetry. This is interpreted as a negative isotope shift for the gap Delta on that portion of the Fermi surface where the magnitude of the B-2g Raman vertex is large. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Klein, MV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2195 EP 2200 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00240-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900012 ER PT J AU Carlson, EW Orgad, D Kivelson, SA Emery, VJ AF Carlson, EW Orgad, D Kivelson, SA Emery, VJ TI Stripes, electron fractionalization, and ARPES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL DE superconductivity; photoemission; non-fermi liquid ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SUPERFLUID DENSITY; SPIN-GAP; PHOTOEMISSION; FLUCTUATIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SCATTERING; COHERENCE AB Although structurally the high temperature superconductors are quasi-two-dimensional, there is both theoretical and experimental evidence of a substantial range of temperatures in which 'stripe' correlations make the electronic structure locally quasi-one-dimensional. We consider an array of Josephson coupled, spin gapped one dimensional electron gases as a model of the high temperature superconductors. For temperatures above T(c), this system exhibits electron fractionalization, yielding a single particle spectral response which is sharp as a function of momentum, but broad as a function of energy. For temperatures below the spin gap but above T(c), there are enhanced one-dimensional superconducting fluctuations and pseudogap phenomena. Pair tunneling induces a crossover to three-dimensional physics as T(c) is approached. Below T(c), solitons are confined in multiplets with quantum numbers which are simply related to the electron, and a coherent piece of the single particle spectral function appears. The weight of this coherent piece vanishes in the neighborhood of T(c) in proportion to a positive power of the interchain superfluid density. This behavior is highly reminiscent of recent ARPES measurements on the high temperature superconductors. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carlson, EW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ericac@physics.bu.edu NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2213 EP 2218 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00233-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00233-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900015 ER PT J AU Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Miyakawa, N Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C AF Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Miyakawa, N Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C TI Aspects of the tunneling dip feature in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and its relation to the resonance spin excitation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, IL DE superconductors ID QUASI-PARTICLE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; STATES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY; PEAK AB Break-junction tunneling data are reported in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta over a wide range of hole concentration from underdoped to overdoped. The strong conductance peaks in the superconducting state reveal a single gap consistent with d-wave symmetry. In addition, sharp dips are observed at a voltage, Omega/e, measured with respect to the gap edge. These features are shown to be reproduced in other junction types from the literature including atomically resolved STM and c-axis mesas, establishing their intrinsic character. Trends are observed with doping and temperature which link the dip to the resonance spin excitation and indicate that the quasiparticles are strongly coupled to this mode. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 162, Japan. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2247 EP 2251 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00246-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00246-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900021 ER PT J AU Tanaka, K Marsiglio, F AF Tanaka, K Marsiglio, F TI Microscopic study of inhomogeneous superconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE surfaces; superconductivity AB We study various inhomogeneity effects on superconductivity as due to quantum confinement, surfaces and impurities, using the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism on the attractive Hubbard model. The results are also compared with those obtained from the Anderson prescription, a BCS formalism for incorporating spatial inhomogeneity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Tanaka, K (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2287 EP 2293 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00227-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00227-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900027 ER PT J AU Gromko, AD Chuang, YD Fedorov, AV Aiura, Y Yamaguchi, Y Oka, K Ando, Y Dessau, DS AF Gromko, AD Chuang, YD Fedorov, AV Aiura, Y Yamaguchi, Y Oka, K Ando, Y Dessau, DS TI ARPES studies of c-axis intracell coupling in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors (SNS 2001) CY MAY 13-17, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DE photoelectron spectroscopy; electronic structure; Fermi surface; superconductivity ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPECTRAL WEIGHT; BANDS; STATE AB Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we have performed a detailed study of bilayer splitting in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta as a function of doping level and temperature. In heavily overdoped samples where the splitting is the clearest, we extract an intracell coupling t(perpendicular to) similar to 55 meV. As a function of photon energy the intensity ratio of the bonding and antibonding bands varies, allowing us to detect the bilayer splitting effect in the optimal and underdoped regimes. Surprisingly, with reduced doping the intracell coupling is not measurably reduced. Upon cooling to the superconducting state, a gap Delta opens in both bands yet the magnitude of the splitting remains unchanged. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST Tsukuba Cent 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Dessau, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2299 EP 2304 AR PII S0022-3697(02)00244-5 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00244-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 626FQ UT WOS:000179861900029 ER PT J AU Jandel, M Kliman, J Krupa, L Morhac, M Hamilton, JH Kormicki, J Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, YX Fong, D Gore, P Ter Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Rodin, AM Fomichev, AS Popeko, GS Daniel, AV Rasmussen, JO Macchiavelli, AO Stoyer, MA Donangelo, R Cole, JD AF Jandel, M Kliman, J Krupa, L Morhac, M Hamilton, JH Kormicki, J Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Luo, YX Fong, D Gore, P Ter Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Rodin, AM Fomichev, AS Popeko, GS Daniel, AV Rasmussen, JO Macchiavelli, AO Stoyer, MA Donangelo, R Cole, JD TI Gamma-ray multiplicity distribution in ternary fission of Cf-252. SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID U-235(N,F); PARTICLES AB From multiparameter data obtained at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the integral characteristics of the prompt gamma-ray emission were extracted for tripartition of Cf-252 with He, Be and C being the third light charged particle. We used multifold gamma-ray coincidence spectra for the determination of gamma-ray multiplicities assuming a Gaussian distribution for gamma-ray multiplicity. The multiplicity distribution characteristics, i.e. mean multiplicity and its dispersion were obtained by minimizing with respect to the calculated values of probabilities of multifold gamma-ray coincidences using a combinatoric method. Comparison with the known experimental data from binary fission was made. Further, we investigated dependencies of the mean gamma-ray multiplicity on the kinetic energy of the light charged particle. The mean gamma-ray multiplicity for He ternary fission is found to increase rapidly with increasing kinetic energy of He in the region less than I I MeV and then decrease slowly with increasing kinetic energy of He. The anomalous behaviour of gamma-ray emission is discussed. The mean gamma-ray multiplicity was determined for the first time for Be and C ternary fission. For Be, the gamma-ray multiplicity as a function of kinetic energy was obtained as well. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Dept Nucl Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37835 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jandel, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Dept Nucl Phys, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2893 EP 2905 AR PII S0954-3899(02)38956-4 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/12/301 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 631MX UT WOS:000180172500002 ER PT J AU Georgiev, G Neyens, G Hass, M Balabanski, DL Bingham, C Borcea, C Coulier, N Coussement, R Daugas, JM De France, G Santos, FD Gorska, M Grawe, H Grzywacz, R Lewitowicz, M Mach, H Matea, I Page, RD Pfutzner, M Penionzhkevich, YE Podolyak, Z Regan, PH Rykaczewski, K Sawicka, M Smirnova, NA Sobolev, YG Stanoiu, M Teughels, S Vyvey, K AF Georgiev, G Neyens, G Hass, M Balabanski, DL Bingham, C Borcea, C Coulier, N Coussement, R Daugas, JM De France, G Santos, FD Gorska, M Grawe, H Grzywacz, R Lewitowicz, M Mach, H Matea, I Page, RD Pfutzner, M Penionzhkevich, YE Podolyak, Z Regan, PH Rykaczewski, K Sawicka, M Smirnova, NA Sobolev, YG Stanoiu, M Teughels, S Vyvey, K TI g factor measurements of mu s isomeric states in neutron-rich nuclei around Ni-68 produced in projectile-fragmentation reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE LMR METHOD; SPIN ALIGNMENT; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; SUBSHELL CLOSURE; MASS REGION; STABILITY; ISOTOPES; ISOTONES; CLOVER; CU-69 AB We report the first g factor measurement on microsecond isomers of neutron-rich nuclei produced in projectile-fragmentation reactions at intermediate energies. The nuclides in the vicinity of Ni-68 were produced and spin oriented following the fragmentation of a Ge-76, 61.4 MeV u(-1) beam at GANIL. The LISE spectrometer was used to select the nuclei of interest. The time-dependent perturbed angular distribution (TDPAD) method was applied in combination with the heavy-ion-gamma correlation technique to measure the g factors of Cu-69m (J(pi) = 13/2(+), T-1/2 = 350 ns) and Ni-67m (J(pi) = 9/2(+), T-1/2 = 13.3 mus). Specific details of the experimental technique and the comparison of the results (\g(Cu-69m)\ = 0.225(25) and \g(Ni-67m)\ = 0.125(6)) with theoretical calculations are discussed. These results provide another indication of the importance of proton excitations across the Z = 28 shell gap. C1 GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. Univ Louvain, IKS, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Kliment Ohridski Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. IFIN, Bucharest 76900, Romania. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Uppsala Univ, ISV, Dept Radiat Sci, S-61182 Nykoping, Sweden. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Joint Inst Nucl Res, FLNR, Dept Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP GANIL, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen 5, France. RI Georgiev, Georgi/C-5110-2008 OI Georgiev, Georgi/0000-0003-1467-1764 NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 12 BP 2993 EP 3006 AR PII S0954-3899(02)54753-8 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/12/308 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 631MX UT WOS:000180172500009 ER PT J AU Jeon, HS Dixit, PS Yim, H Kent, MS Shin, K Satija, S AF Jeon, HS Dixit, PS Yim, H Kent, MS Shin, K Satija, S TI Interfacial structure and properties in polystyrene/epoxy bilayer films SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crosslinking; interdiffusion; interfaces; neutron reflectivity; epoxy ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; COPOLYMERS; AUTOPHOBICITY; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION; THICKNESS; MIXTURES; BLEND AB The interfacial structure and properties of immiscible deuterated polystyrene (dPS)/epoxy bilayer films were investigated with neutron reflectivity as functions of the composition of the epoxy layer, the thickness of the dPS layer, and the annealing time. We have found that the interfacial width and its growth rate depend strongly on the compositions of the epoxy layer but only weakly on the thickness of the dPS layer. The effect of the resin/crosslinker composition on the interfacial width and its growth rate is likely due to the different near-surface structures that result for different epoxy stoichiometries. For an ultra-thin dPS film (thickness = 2R(g)), the data suggest a slight suppression of the growth of the interfacial width that could be due to confinement effects for the long-chain molecules such as have been previously reported for a thickness of less than approximately 4R(g), where R-g is the radius of gyration of polymer molecules. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1811, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Reactor Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeon, HS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; OI Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 23 BP 2653 EP 2660 DI 10.1002/polb.10328 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 613UF UT WOS:000179149300006 ER PT J AU Golovkin, IE Mancini, RC Louis, SJ Lee, RW Klein, L AF Golovkin, IE Mancini, RC Louis, SJ Lee, RW Klein, L TI Analysis of X-ray spectral data with genetic algorithms SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE x-ray spectroscopy; plasma diagnostics; data analysis; optimization algorithms ID LANDSCAPE; PLASMAS AB An algorithmic method for the analysis of X-ray line spectra using genetic algorithms is presented. This technique permits the extraction of diagnostic information on the emitting medium from the spectral data. As an example of the method, plasma electron number density and temperature are extracted from the analysis of X-ray spectral data recorded in an Ar-doped inertial-confinement-fusion core. For the study of a sequence of gradually changing spectra, a combination of genetic algorithms and case-based reasoning that learns from experience is used to accelerate the analysis. The technique is general and can be applied to other plasma spectroscopy studies including analysis of spatially and temporally resolved line absorption or emission data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Golovkin, IE (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 75 IS 5 BP 625 EP 636 AR PII S0022-4073(02)00035-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00035-3 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 594WV UT WOS:000178075700006 ER PT J AU Higuchi, Y Nelson, GA Vazquez, M Laskowitz, DT Slater, JM Pearlstein, RD AF Higuchi, Y Nelson, GA Vazquez, M Laskowitz, DT Slater, JM Pearlstein, RD TI Apolipoprotein e expression and behavioral toxicity of high charge, high energy (HZE) particle radiation SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Space Radiation Research CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE apolipoprotein E; ionizing radiation; behavioral toxicity ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TRANSGENIC MICE; DEFICIENT MICE; IRRADIATION; BRAIN; IMPAIRMENT; RECOVERY; EXPOSURE; SYSTEM; INJURY AB Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a lipid binding protein that plays an important role in tissue repair following brain injury. In the present studies, we have investigated whether apoE affects the behavioral toxicity of high charge, high energy (HZE) particle radiation. METHODS: Sixteen male apoE knockout (KO) mice and sixteen genetically matched wild-type (WT) C57BL mice were used in this experiment. Half of the KO and half of the WT animals were irradiated with 600 MeV/amu iron particles (2Gy whole body). The effect of irradiation on motor coordination and stamina (Rotarod test), exploratory behavior (open field test), and spatial working and reference memory (Morris water maze) was assessed. ROTAROD TEST: Performance was adversely affected by radiation exposure in both KO and WT groups at 30 d after irradiation. By 60 d after radiation, the radiation effect was lost in WT, but still apparent in irradiated KO mice. OPEN FIELD TEST: Radiation reduced open field exploratory activity 14, 28, 56, 84, and 168 d after irradiation of KO mice, but had no effect on WT mice. MORRIS WATER MAZE: Radiation adversely affected spatial working memory in the KO mice, but had no discernible effect in the WT mice as assessed 180 d after irradiation. In contrast, irradiated WT mice showed marked impairment of spatial reference memory in comparison to non-irradiated mice, while no effect of radiation was observed in KO mice. CONCLUSIONS: These studies show that apoE expression influences the behavioral toxicity of HZE particle radiation and suggest that apoE plays a role in the repair/recovery from radiation injury of the CNS. ApoE deficiency may exacerbate the previously reported effects of HZE particle radiation in accelerating the brain aging process. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Chiba Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Chiba 280, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Pearlstein, RD (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Dept Radiat Med, Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 SU S BP S219 EP S224 PG 6 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 699AK UT WOS:000184033600042 PM 12793762 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Cintron-Torres, N Hada, M Trunk, J Monteleone, D Sutherland, JC Laval, J Stanislaus, M Gewirtz, A AF Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Cintron-Torres, N Hada, M Trunk, J Monteleone, D Sutherland, JC Laval, J Stanislaus, M Gewirtz, A TI Clustered DNA damages induced in human hematopoietic cells by low doses of ionizing radiation SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Space Radiation Research CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE DNA damage; clusters; mononuclear cells ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAND BREAKS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FPG PROTEIN; HEAVY-IONS; GLYCOSYLASE; REPAIR; QUANTITATION AB Ionizing radiation induces clusters of DNA damages - oxidized bases, abasic sites and strand breaks-on opposing strands within a few helical turns. Such damages have been postulated to be difficult to repair, as are double strand breaks (one type of cluster). We have shown that low doses of low and high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induce such damage clusters in human cells. In human cells, DSB are about 30% of the total of complex damages, and the levels of DSBs and oxidized pyrimidine clusters are similar. The dose responses for cluster induction in cells can be described by a linear relationship, implying that even low doses of ionizing radiation can produce clustered damages. Studies are in progress to determine whether clusters can be produced by mechanisms other than ionizing radiation, as well as the levels of various cluster types formed by low and high LET radiation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Phys, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, ADN, Grp Reparat, CNRS,UMR 8532, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA86987] NR 25 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 SU S BP S149 EP S152 PG 4 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 699AK UT WOS:000184033600029 PM 12793749 ER PT J AU Wilson, JW Tripathi, RK Qualls, GD Cucinotta, FA Prael, RE Norbury, JW Heinbockel, JH Tweed, J De Angelis, G AF Wilson, JW Tripathi, RK Qualls, GD Cucinotta, FA Prael, RE Norbury, JW Heinbockel, JH Tweed, J De Angelis, G TI Advances in space radiation shielding codes SO JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Space Radiation Research CY MAR 11-15, 2002 CL NARA, JAPAN DE space; radiation; high-energy ions ID TRANSPORT; SHUTTLE AB Early space radiation shield code development relied on Monte Carlo methods and made important contributions to the space program. Monte Carlo methods have resorted to restricted one-dimensional problems leading to imperfect representation of appropriate boundary conditions. Even so, intensive computational requirements resulted and shield evaluation was made near the end of the design process. Resolving shielding issues usually had a negative impact on the design. Improved spacecraft shield design requires early entry of radiation constraints into the design process to maximize performance and minimize costs. As a result, we have been investigating high-speed computational procedures to allow shield analysis from the preliminary concept to the final design. For the last few decades, we have pursued deterministic solutions of the Boltzmann equation allowing field mapping within the International Space Station (ISS) in tens of minutes using standard Finite Element Method (FEM) geometry common to engineering design methods. A single ray trace in such geometry requires 14 milliseconds and limits application of Monte Carlo methods to such engineering models. A potential means of improving the Monte Carlo efficiency in coupling to spacecraft geometry is given. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Wilson, JW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI CHIBA PA C/O NAT INST RADIOLOGICAL SCI 9-1 ANAGAWA-4-CHOME INAGE-KU, CHIBA, 263, JAPAN SN 0449-3060 J9 J RADIAT RES JI J. Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 SU S BP S87 EP S91 PG 5 WC Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 699AK UT WOS:000184033600017 PM 12793737 ER PT J AU Fischer, PF Kruse, GW Loth, F AF Fischer, Paul F. Kruse, Gerald W. Loth, Francis TI Spectral Element Methods for Transitional Flows in Complex Geometries SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Spectral elements; incompressible Navier-Stokes; filtering; biofluid dynamics; nonconforming methods AB We describe the development and implementation of an efficient spectral element code for simulating transitional flows in complex three-dimensional domains. Critical to this effort is the use of geometrically nonconforming elements that allow localized refinement in regions of interest, coupled with a stabilized high-order time-split formulation of the semi-discrete Navier-Stokes equations. Simulations of transition in a model of an arteriovenous graft illustrate the potential of this approach in biomechanical applications. C1 [Fischer, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kruse, Gerald W.] Juniata Coll, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. [Loth, Francis] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Fischer, PF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fischer@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38]; Faculty Research Participation program FX The authors thank Seung Lee and Henry Tufo for assistance with the AV graft simulations. This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, and by the Faculty Research Participation program, administered by the Division of Educational Programs, Argonne National Laboratory. NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 98 DI 10.1023/A:1015188211796 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V22TP UT WOS:000208297800006 ER PT J AU Chertock, A Levy, D AF Chertock, Alina Levy, Doron TI A Particle Method for the KdV Equation SO JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Particle methods; dispersion-velocity method; KdV equation AB We extend the dispersion-velocity particle method that we recently introduced to advection models in which the velocity does not depend linearly on the solution or its derivatives. An example is the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) equation for which we derive a particle method and demonstrate numerically how it captures soliton-soliton interactions. C1 [Chertock, Alina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chertock, Alina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Levy, Doron] Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Chertock, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alina@math.lbl.gov; dlevy@math.stanford.edu RI Chertock, Alina/I-3676-2013 OI Chertock, Alina/0000-0003-4978-1314 FU Office of Energy Research the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76-SF00098]; National Science Foundation [DMS98-14631] FX We would like to thank Prof. A. Chorin for his valuable comments. The work of A.C. was supported in part by the Applied Mathematical Sciences Subprogram of the Office of Energy Research the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC03-76-SF00098, and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS98-14631. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7474 J9 J SCI COMPUT JI J. Sci. Comput. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1023/A:1015106210404 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA V22TP UT WOS:000208297800039 ER PT J AU Deneanu, A Chirica, GS Remcho, VT AF Deneanu, A Chirica, GS Remcho, VT TI Starburst dendrimers as macromolecular poretemplates for stationary phases in capillary chromatography SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capillary electrochromatography; monolithic columns; starburst (PA-MAM) dendrimers ID RIGID POLYMER MONOLITHS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION MEDIA; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; COLUMNS AB Methacrylate-based monolithic capillary columns for liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography were prepared within the confines of fused-silica tubing using Starburst (PAMAM) dendrimers to affect porosity. Different column porosities were obtained by varying the amount of the dendrimer template as evidenced by electron microscopy. Mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements provided additional information. The effect of dendrimer concentration on chromatographic performance was studied in detail. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Remcho, VT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 15-17 BP 1252 EP 1256 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 627WM UT WOS:000179959200038 ER PT J AU Benezeth, P Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ Xiao, C AF Benezeth, P Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ Xiao, C TI New measurements of the solubility of zinc oxide from 150 to 350 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE zinc; solubility; stress corrosion; flow-through cell; speciation ID SITU PH MEASUREMENT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE; WATER; 300-DEGREES-C; IONIZATION; HYDROLYSIS; CHLORIDE; MEDIA; ION AB The solubility of zincite (ZnO) has been re-evaluated in noncomplexing solutions over a wide range of pH and from 150 to 350degreesC at pressures ranging from slightly above saturation vapor pressure to significantly higher pressures in NaOH, NH3, F3CSO3H/F3CSO3 Na(HTr/ NaTr), CH3COOH/NaOH, and HTr/NH3 solutions using a hydrogen-electrode concentration cell (HECC) and a flow-through cell with downstream acid injection. The new results, coupled with our earlier results at 75-100degreesC, indicate that the solubility of zinc oxide is higher than we recently reported,((1)) but substantially lower than previous estimates available in the scientific literature. It is believed that deposition of ZnO or a zinc hydroxide phase must have occurred near the solubility minimum in the HECC sample lines in our earlier study; a problem that is overcome in the flow cell by injecting acid into the sample line before the solution is depressurized and cooled to room temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. GE Betz, Trevose, PA 19053 USA. RP Benezeth, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI BENEZETH, Pascale/H-7969-2014 OI BENEZETH, Pascale/0000-0002-1841-2383 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 12 BP 947 EP 973 DI 10.1023/A:1021866025627 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 631UD UT WOS:000180184400001 ER PT J AU Franck, JP Isaac, I Zhang, G Gordon, JE Marcenat, C Lortz, R Meingast, C Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE AF Franck, JP Isaac, I Zhang, G Gordon, JE Marcenat, C Lortz, R Meingast, C Bouquet, F Fisher, RA Phillips, NE TI A study of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in the optimally doped CMR compound La0.65Ca0.35MnO3 and its dependence on oxygen mass SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE colossal magnetoresistance; isotope effect; percolation transition ID MANGANITES; LA1-XCAXMNO3; PEROVSKITES; ISOTOPE AB We present a study of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in the CMR compound La0.65Ca0.35MnO3 and its dependence on magnetic field and oxygen mass. The transition is characterized by two temperatures, the thermodynamic transition temperature at T-c, obtained from specific heat and thermal expansion data, and the resistive transition obtained from the resistivity maximum. The resistive transition occurs well within the paramagnetic range. The magnetic susceptibility in the paramagnetic range is isotope dependent up to 400 K. The magnitude of the Curie-Weiss constant indicates the presence of small clusters of about 4-5 unit cells. The resistive transition occurs when the percolation limit for these clusters is reached. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Amherst Coll, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. CEA Grenoble, SPSMS, DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Univ Karlsruhe, Fak Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Franck, JP (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 571 EP 577 DI 10.1023/A:1021299225354 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 619UM UT WOS:000179495900016 ER PT J AU Drumheller, DS AF Drumheller, DS TI Wave impedances of drill strings and other periodic media SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND-WAVES AB It is commonly known that wave reflections are caused by abrupt spatial variations in the physical parameter called wave impedance. When a material contains a spatially periodic distribution of wave impedances some very interesting and complex wave propagation phenomena will occur. Two examples of such periodic structures immediately come to mind: the first is a sandwiched structure of two types of plates, say for example, identical layers of thin steel plates interspersed with identical thick aluminum plates; and the second is a large number of identical long thin Pipes that are connected from end to end with identical short heavy threaded couplings, The pipe assembly is our primary concern here because it represents the drill string, used worldwide to drill for natural energy resources. We want to understand how waves propagate through drill strings because we want to use them as a means of communication. But while the second structure is our primary, concern, it is the study of the first structure, composed of layers, that is the truly historical problem and the source of much of our understanding of this rich set of wave physics. Traditionally, wave propagation in periodic media has been studied as an eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalues themselves yield information about phase velocities, group velocities, passbands, and stopbands. Most often the analysis has stopped there and the eigenvectors have been ignored. Here we turn our attention to the eigenvectors, using them to evaluate the impedance of the periodic structure with particular emphasis on the periodic drill string. As you might expect the impedance of the drill string is a complex number, which is evaluated from a very complicated expression. However, we have discovered that the impedance at two physical locations along the length of each piece of drill pipe in the drill string always reduces to a real number. This is immensely important because it allows us to match the impedance of the drill string to our communication devices. We show how this leads to the effective design of repeaters, noise cancelers, wave terminators, and quarter-wave transformers for a drill-string communication system. (C) 2002 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geothermal Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Drumheller, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geothermal Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 112 IS 6 BP 2527 EP 2539 DI 10.1121/1.1513365 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 625PM UT WOS:000179824900002 PM 12508974 ER PT J AU Sohn, MD Reynolds, P Singh, N Gadgil, AJ AF Sohn, MD Reynolds, P Singh, N Gadgil, AJ TI Rapidly locating and characterizing pollutant releases in buildings SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-FLOW; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY; MODEL; COMIS; INFORMATION; VALIDATION; DECISIONS AB Releases of airborne contaminants in or near a building can lead to significant human exposures unless prompt response measures are taken. However, possible responses can include conflicting strategies, such as shutting the ventilation system off versus running it in a purge mode or having occupants evacuate versus sheltering in place. The proper choice depends in part on knowing the source locations, the amounts released, and the likely future dispersion routes of the pollutants. We present an approach that estimates this information in real time. It applies Bayesian statistics to interpret measurements of airborne pollutant concentrations from multiple sensors placed in the building and computes best estimates and uncertainties of the release conditions. The algorithm is fast, capable of continuously updating the estimates as measurements stream in from sensors. We demonstrate the approach using a hypothetical pollutant release in a five-room building. Unknowns to the interpretation algorithm include location, duration, and strength of the source, and some building and weather conditions. Two sensor sampling plans and three levels of data quality are examined. Data interpretation in all examples is rapid; however, locating and characterizing the source with high probability depends on the amount and quality of data and the sampling plan. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sohn, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop-90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 19 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1422 EP 1432 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 632TP UT WOS:000180239200007 PM 12540047 ER PT J AU Besmann, TM Spear, KE AF Besmann, TM Spear, KE TI Thermochemical modeling of oxide glasses SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Glasses CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL MAUI, HAWAII ID THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; SILICATE SLAGS AB A modified associate species approach is used to model the liquid phase in oxide systems. The relatively simple technique treats oxide liquids as solutions of end-member and associate species. The model is extended to representing glasses by treating them as undercooled liquids. Equilibrium calculations using the model allow the determination of species activities, phase separation, precipitation of crystalline phases, and volatilization. In support of nuclear waste glass development, a model of the Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 system has been developed that accurately reproduces its phase equilibria. The technique has been applied to the CaO-SiO2 system, which is used to demonstrate how two immiscible liquids can be treated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2887 EP 2894 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 628VJ UT WOS:000180017000002 ER PT J AU Dong, XQ Minnis, P Mace, GG Smith, WL Poellot, M Marchand, RT Rapp, AD AF Dong, XQ Minnis, P Mace, GG Smith, WL Poellot, M Marchand, RT Rapp, AD TI Comparison of stratus cloud properties deduced from surface, GOES, and aircraft data during the March 2000 ARM cloud IOP SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATIONS; VERIFICATION; RETRIEVAL AB Low-level stratus cloud microphysical properties derived from surface and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data during the March 2000 cloud intensive observational period (IOP) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are compared with aircraft in situ measurements. For the surface retrievals, the cloud droplet effective radius and optical depth are retrieved from a delta2-stream radiative transfer model with the input of ground-based measurements, and the cloud liquid water path (LWP) is retrieved from ground-based microwave-radiometer-measured brightness temperature. The satellite results, retrieved from GOES visible, solar-infrared, and infrared radiances, are averaged in a 0.5degrees x 0.5degrees box centered on the ARM SGP site. The forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) on the University of North Dakota Citation aircraft provided in situ measurements of the cloud microphysical properties. During the IOP, four low-level stratus cases were intensively observed by the ground- and satellite-based remote sensors and aircraft in situ instruments resulting in a total of 10 h of simultaneous data from the three platforms. In spite of the large differences in temporal and spatial resolution between surface, GOES, and aircraft, the surface retrievals have excellent agreement with the aircraft data overall for the entire 10-h period, and the GOES results agree reasonably well with the surface and aircraft data and have similar trends and magnitudes except for the GOES-derived effective radii, which are typically larger than the surface- and aircraft-derived values. The means and standard deviations of the differences between the surface and aircraft effective radius, LWP, and optical depth are -4% +/- 20.1%, -1% +/- 31.2%, and 8% +/- 29.3%, respectively; while their correlation coefficients are 0.78, 0.92, and 0.89, respectively, during the 10-h period. The differences and correlations between the GOES-8 and aircraft results are of a similar magnitude, except for the droplet sizes. The averaged GOES-derived effective radius is 23% or 1.8 mum greater than the corresponding aircraft values, resulting in a much smaller correlation coefficient of 0.18. Additional surface- satellite datasets were analyzed for time periods when the aircraft was unavailable. When these additional results are combined with the retrievals from the four in situ cases, the means and standard deviations of the differences between the satellite-derived cloud droplet effective radius, LWP, and optical depth and their surface- based counterparts are 16% +/- 31.2%, 4% +/- 31.6%, and -6% +/- 39.9%, respectively. The corresponding correlation coefficients are 0.24, 0.88, and 0.73. The frequency distributions of the two datasets are very similar indicating that the satellite retrieval method should be able to produce reliable statistics of boundary layer cloud properties for use in climate and cloud process models. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Dong, XQ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, 4149 Campus Rd,Clifford Hall 400,Box 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RI Rapp, Anita/G-8845-2012; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Dong, Xiquan/0000-0002-3359-6117 NR 29 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 23 BP 3265 EP 3284 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3265:COSCPD>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613TJ UT WOS:000179147300001 ER PT J AU Stevens, DE Ackerman, AS Bretherton, CS AF Stevens, DE Ackerman, AS Bretherton, CS TI Effects of domain size and numerical resolution on the simulation of shallow cumulus convection SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATOCUMULUS; INSTABILITY; ENTRAINMENT; CLOUDINESS; TRANSPORTS; MODELS; OCEAN AB The authors present three-dimensional numerical simulations of oceanic trade cumulus clouds underlying stratocumulus clouds. The case studied is a Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud System Study (GCSS) model intercomparison that is loosely based on observed conditions during the Atlantic Trade Cumulus Experiment (ATEX). It is motivated by the importance of this cloud type to global cloud radiative forcing, and their role as a feeder system for deep convection in the Tropics. This study focuses on the sensitivity of the modeled cloud field to the domain size and the grid spacing. Domain widths from 6.5 to 20 km and horizontal grid spacings ranging from 10 to 80 m, with corresponding vertical grid spacing ranging from 5 to 40 m, are studied, involving massively parallel computations on up to 2.5 billion grid cells. The combination of large domain size and small grid resolution provides an unprecedented perspective on this type of convection. The mean stratocumulus cloud fraction, optical depth, and vertical fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum are found to be quite sensitive to both the domain size and the resolution. The sensitivities are associated with a strong feedback between cloud fraction, cloud-top radiative cooling, and entrainment. The properties of individual cumulus clouds rising into the stratocumulus are less affected than the stratocumulus clouds. The simulations with 80-m horizontal by 40-m vertical resolution are clearly under-resolved, with distinctly different distributions of liquid water within the clouds. Increasing the resolution to finer than 40 m horizontal/20 m vertical affects the inversion structure and entrainment processes somewhat, but has less impact on the structure of individual clouds. Large-domain simulations exhibit mesoscale structure in the cloud organization and liquid water path. This mesoscale variability feeds back on the domain-mean properties through the cloud-radiative feedback. These simulations suggest that very large computations are required to obtain meaningful cloud statistics for this case. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stevens, DE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Div Atmospher Sci, L-98, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253 NR 24 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 23 BP 3285 EP 3301 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3285:EODSAN>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 613TJ UT WOS:000179147300002 ER PT J AU Waliser, DE Ridout, JA Xie, S Zhang, M AF Waliser, DE Ridout, JA Xie, S Zhang, M TI Variational objective analysis for atmospheric field programs: A model assessment SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; TOGA-COARE; CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY; CLOUD; MOISTURE; BUDGETS; HEAT; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; MESOSCALE AB The objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the variational objective analysis (VOA) for producing realistic diagnoses of atmospheric field program data. Simulations from the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) were sampled in a manner consistent with a typical field program using idealized sounding arrays and, surface and top of the atmosphere flux information. These data were then subject to a conventional form of analysis in which only a mass constraint was applied, hereafter referred to as the reference analysis, as well as to the complete VOA procedure. The diagnosed results from both analyses were then compared to time- and domain-averaged quantities from the model. The results showed that for diagnosed vertical velocity and vertical advective tendencies, the VOA values typically exhibited considerably smaller errors compared to the values from the reference analyses, with the level of improvement and overall accuracy being dependent on synoptic and sampling conditions. The improvements tend to be greatest during disturbed conditions, with the errors typically being smaller and comparable between the two analyses during undisturbed conditions. The errors for both analyses increase as the spatial domain decreases and for the most part decrease with more frequent temporal sampling. However, the improvement achieved by having more frequent sampling is rather modest for the VOA since it already incorporates time- mean surface and TOA fluxes as constraints and thus indirectly incorporates some aspects of the variability between soundings. Highly relevant is the finding that overall the errors in vertical velocity and vertical advective tendencies from the reference analyses have a magnitude similar to, or greater than, the variability of the field being diagnosed, whereas the errors in these quantities from the VOA are typically less than the variability of the field. The analysis also showed no obvious systematic level-by-level improvement gained by the VOA analysis over the reference analysis in diagnosing the horizontal moisture flux convergence, mass divergence, or horizontal advective tendencies, notwithstanding the VOA's application of column-integrated constraints of mass, moisture, heat, and momentum conservation. Additional soundings were found to be more beneficial to the reference analyses than the VOA analyses and in some cases allowed the error characteristics of the reference analysis to become similar to those of the VOA analysis. Noteworthy is the finding that the results from the VOA analyses using five soundings were often as good or better than the results from the reference analyses using nine soundings. The impact that hydrometeor measurements would have in providing additional constraints on the VOA was also investigated. The impact was found to be mostly negligible when averaging over relatively large space scales or timescales. On the other hand, for frequent sampling (e. g., 1-3 h) and small spatial scales (i.e., < similar to 100 km), there is a definite favorable impact on the VOA results for highly disturbed periods. The implications that the above results have on conducting atmospheric field programs and analyzing their results are discussed. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Waliser, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Endeavour Hall 205, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM duane.waliser@sunysb.edu RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 24 BP 3436 EP 3456 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3436:VOAFAF>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 622CW UT WOS:000179629800002 ER PT J AU Saab, AP Garzon, FH Zawodzinski, TA AF Saab, AP Garzon, FH Zawodzinski, TA TI Determination of ionic and electronic resistivities in carbon/polyelectrolyte fuel-cell composite electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS-DIFFUSION ELECTRODES; CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; ARRAY AB Rational design of electrode materials for polymer electrolyte fuel cells requires a knowledge of how changes in material composition affect basic physical characteristics such as charge-transport properties. We present a simple method by which the electronic resistance of a thin layer of carbon/Pt/Nafion fuel-cell electrode composite material may be measured by dc polarization and then combined with ac impedance measurements to compute the ionic resistance of the layer. Further support of this technique is derived from an ac impedance test designed to simultaneously express both the measured electronic and the computed ionic resistance. We also demonstrate the use of the technique in a composition-dependence study, namely, examination of the effect of glycerol on the ionic and electronic resistances in a thin catalyst layer. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saab, AP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 149 IS 12 BP A1541 EP A1546 DI 10.1149/1.1516771 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 616DP UT WOS:000179286700007 ER PT J AU Spear, KE Allendorf, MD AF Spear, KE Allendorf, MD TI Thermodynamic analysis of alumina refractory corrosion by sodium or potassium hydroxide in glass melting furnaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEATING TUBE MATERIALS; BETA-ALUMINA; RESISTANCE; STABILITY; SYSTEM AB In this paper the high-temperature corrosion of Al(2)O(3) refractories by MOH(g) (M = Na, K) found in the combustion atmospheres of typical air- and oxygen-fired glass-melting furnaces is examined using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. These hydroxide species are considered to be the primary reactive alkali species since their partial pressures are significantly larger than those of M(g), the next most abundant gas-phase alkali-containing species expected in typical furnace atmospheres. Thermochemical simulations show that corrosion of alpha-alumina by NaOH(g) at typical furnace p(NaOH(g)) of around 200 ppm under oxy/fuel-fired conditions is unlikely as long as the refractory temperature exceeds 1564 K. For KOH(g) at 200 ppm, the temperature of the refractory must exceed 1515 K to avoid corrosion. Under air-fired conditions, p(NaOH(g)) is considerably lower (40-80 ppm); at 50 ppm, corrosion is thermodynamically unfavorable at temperatures above 1504 K. For KOH(g) at furnace levels of similar to50 ppm, temperatures must be above 1458 K. The paper also presents a re-evaluation of the thermodynamic and phase equilibrium properties of the Na(2)O-Al(2)O(3) and K(2)O-Al(2)O(3) binary systems to develop accurate and self-consistent thermodynamic data. The data for MAl(9)O(14) (beta-alumina) and M(2)Al(12)O(19) (beta"-alumina) are particularly critical since these phases are likely products of the corrosion of alumina refractories by MOH vapors in glass melting furnaces. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Spear, KE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 149 IS 12 BP B551 EP B559 DI 10.1149/1.1516773 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 616DP UT WOS:000179286700022 ER PT J AU Padovani, AM Riester, L Rhodes, L Allen, SAB Kohl, PA AF Padovani, AM Riester, L Rhodes, L Allen, SAB Kohl, PA TI Chemically bonded porogens in methylsilsesquioxane - II. Electrical, optical, and mechanical properties SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ON-GLASS; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; ELASTIC-MODULUS; LOW-K; INDENTATION; SILSESQUIOXANE; TOUGHNESS; CRACKING; LOAD AB The electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of porous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) films created using two different sacrificial polymers: trimethoxysilyl norbornene (TMSNB), and triethoxysilyl norbornene (TESNB) were evaluated in this study. The introduction of porosity lowered the dielectric constant, the index of refraction, and the elastic modulus and hardness of the films as compared to the nonporous MSQ films. The dielectric constant was lowered from 2.7 for a pure MSQ film to 2.35 for a film with 30 wt % initial concentration of TMSNB. Similarly, the index of refraction was lowered from 1.42 to 1.30 for a 30:70 wt % TMSNB: MSQ film. The TMSNB: MSQ films showed a transition from closed-to-open cell porosity in the range from 20 to 30 wt % loading of sacrificial polymer as determined from positron annihilation spectroscopy. Improvements in the fracture toughness were observed for the TESNB: MSQ films as compared to the pure MSQ or TMSNB: MSQ films. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Promerus LCC, Brecksville, OH 44141 USA. RP Padovani, AM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 149 IS 12 BP F171 EP F180 DI 10.1149/1.1515282 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 616DP UT WOS:000179286700037 ER PT J AU Isaacs, HS AF Isaacs, HS TI Aspects of corrosion from the ECS publications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Isaacs, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 149 IS 12 BP S85 EP S87 DI 10.1149/1.1520544 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 616DP UT WOS:000179286700001 ER PT J AU Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Webster, JR Bowden, WB Dodds, WK Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Marti, E McDowell, WH Merriam, JL Meyer, JL Peterson, BJ Valett, HM Wollheim, WM AF Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Webster, JR Bowden, WB Dodds, WK Gregory, SV Grimm, NB Hamilton, SK Johnson, SL Marti, E McDowell, WH Merriam, JL Meyer, JL Peterson, BJ Valett, HM Wollheim, WM TI Can uptake length in streams be determined by nutrient addition experiments? Results from an interbiome comparison study SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stream; ammonium; uptake length; nutrient cycling; nutrient spiraling; nitrogen limitation ID GROWTH-RATE RESPONSES; WOODLAND STREAM; FOREST STREAM; PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; LEAF DECOMPOSITION; TRANSIENT STORAGE; UPTAKE KINETICS; NITROGEN; AMMONIUM AB Nutrient uptake length is an important parameter for quantifying nutrient cycling in streams. Although nutrient tracer additions are the preferred method for measuring uptake length under ambient nutrient concentrations, short-term nutrient addition experiments have more frequently been used to estimate uptake length in streams. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between uptake length determined by nutrient addition experiments (S-w') and uptake length determined by tracer additions (S-w) predicted that S-w' should be consistently longer than S-w, and that the overestimate of uptake length by S-w' should be related to the level of nutrient addition above ambient concentrations and the degree of nutrient limitation. To test these predictions, we used data from an interbiome study of NH4+ uptake length in which (NH4+)-N-15 tracer and short-term NH4+ addition experiments were performed in 10 streams using a uniform experimental approach. The experimental results largely confirmed the theoretical predictions: S-W' was consistently longer than S,a, and S,,':S,, ratios were directly related to the level of NH4+ addition and to indicators of N limitation. The experimentally derived S-w':S-w ratios were used with the theoretical results to infer the N limitation status of each stream. Together, the theoretical and experimental results showed that tracer experiments should be used whenever possible to determine nutrient uptake length in streams. Nutrient addition experiments may be useful for comparing uptake lengths between different streams or different times in the same stream, however, provided that nutrient additions are kept as low as possible and of similar magnitude. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46615 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. CSIC, Ctr Estudis Avancats Blanes, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03820 USA. RP Mulholland, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mulhollandpj@ornl.gov RI McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Grimm, Nancy/D-2840-2009; Marti, Eugenia/J-9146-2012; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Grimm, Nancy/0000-0001-9374-660X; Marti, Eugenia/0000-0002-6910-4874; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 43 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 6 U2 59 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 544 EP 560 DI 10.2307/1468429 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 619YM UT WOS:000179505500003 ER PT J AU Weigel, BM Henne, LJ Martinez-Rivera, LM AF Weigel, BM Henne, LJ Martinez-Rivera, LM TI Macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity for protection of streams in west-central Mexico SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE IBI; macroinvertebrates; metrics; biomonitoring; bioassessment; water quality; streams; benthos; Mexico ID SIERRA-DE-MANANTLAN; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; RIVER HEALTH; ASSEMBLAGES; FRAMEWORK; POLLUTION; RICHNESS; FISHES AB The water and habitat quality of many streams in west-central Mexico are influenced by municipal and industrial effluent, as well as water diversion for irrigation, livestock, and deforestation. Restoration efforts have been hampered by a lack of clear standards against which to judge the degree and trend in environmental degradation. We describe the development and characteristics of a macroinvertebrate-based index of biotic integrity (IBI) designed to provide such standards. Eight metrics chosen a priori comprised the IBI: catch per unit effort, generic richness, % Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera genera, % Chironomidae individuals, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, % depositional individuals, % predator individuals, and % gatherer genera. Each metric distinguished sites with minimum or moderate human influence from sites with severe influence. The IBI was developed with data from 27 sites and validated with 6 others. Values from the development data set correlated well with the measures of human influence based on qualitative assessment of habitat and water quality (Pearson's r = 0.86). IBI values for 7 sites on Rio Ayuquila corresponded with a documented longitudinal pattern of human influence and the existing fish-based IBI (Pearsoris r = 0.87). This macroinvertebrate IBI shows promise for developing biological standards, facilitating long-term monitoring, and improving ecological integrity of streams in west-central Mexico. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, RRES ECO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Inst Manantlan Ecol & Conservac Biodiversidad, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Weigel, BM (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, 1350 Femrite Dr, Monona, WI 53716 USA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 686 EP 700 DI 10.2307/1468439 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 619YM UT WOS:000179505500013 ER PT J AU Patel, RR Krol, DM Bond, SW Pocha, MD Meyer, GA Behymer, E Sperry, V AF Patel, RR Krol, DM Bond, SW Pocha, MD Meyer, GA Behymer, E Sperry, V TI Passband-shifting filters through postgrowth modification of filter optical thickness SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; SELECTIVE WET OXIDATION; NATIVE-OXIDE; THERMAL-OXIDATION; ALGAAS; ALXGA1-XAS; ALAS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; LAYERS AB We describe a postgrowth method to produce passband filters with different center wavelengths from a single growth run by irreversibly changing the refractive index of a layer or a series of layers within the filter. This leads to a new type of filter, the passband-shifting filter, whose center wavelength can be irreversibly shifted from lambda(0) to lambda(0) - Deltalambda after the filter has been grown. The passband shift can be controlled exactly by proper design of the multilayer. We present the theory behind passband-shifting-filter design along with transfer-matrix simulations and preliminary experimental results for a two-cavity filter, using lateral oxidation of AlxGa1-xAs-based materials to effect the passband shift. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 01775 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Patel, RR (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 01775 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 19 IS 12 BP 2484 EP 2494 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.19.002484 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 619LR UT WOS:000179477900018 PM 12469745 ER PT J AU Lister, TE Wright, RN Pinhero, PJ Swank, WD AF Lister, TE Wright, RN Pinhero, PJ Swank, WD TI Corrosion of thermal spray Hastelloy C-22 coatings in dilute HCl SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE corrosion; Hastelloy; high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process; polarization behavior AB The microstructure and corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-22 coatings produced using the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) method have been determined and related to in-flight measurements of the particle velocity and temperature. Average particle temperatures ranged from 1280-1450degreesC and velocities ranged from 565-640 ms(-1). All of the coatings were greater than 98% of theoretical density and exhibited passivating behavior in 0.1 M HCl during cyclic potentiodynamic polarization testing. The passive current density was somewhat higher compared with wrought C-22 alloy and an active-passive peak attributed to the formation of a Cr-rich surface layer was observed. Resistance to corrosion and deposition efficiency improved as the particle temperature decreased. There was little effect of particle velocity on the corrosion behavior over the range of deposition conditions examined. Our results suggest that feedback control based on measurement of the particle temperature can be used to process coatings with optimum properties. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lister, TE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 4 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1361/105996302770348664 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 631YE UT WOS:000180195200010 ER PT J AU Mauser, A Saito, S Appella, E Anderson, CW Seaman, WT Kenney, S AF Mauser, A Saito, S Appella, E Anderson, CW Seaman, WT Kenney, S TI The Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early protein BZLF1 regulates p53 function through multiple mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TATA-BINDING PROTEIN; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; IN-VIVO; DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; WILD-TYPE; P53-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate-early protein BZLF1 is a transcriptional activator that mediates the switch between the latent and the lytic forms of EBV infection. It was previously reported that BZLF1 inhibits p53 transcriptional function in reporter gene assays. Here we further examined the effects of BZLF1 on p53 function by using a BZLF1-expres sing adenovirus vector (AdBZLF1). Infection of cells with the AdBZLF1 vector increased the level of cellular p53 but prevented the induction of p53-dependent cellular target genes, such as p21 and MDM2. BZLF1-expressing cells had increased p53-specific DNA binding activity in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, increased p53 phosphorylation at multiple residues (including serines 6, 9, 15, 33, 46, 315, and 392), and increased acetylation at lysine 320 and lysine 382. Thus, the inhibitory effects of BZLF1 on p53 transcriptional function cannot be explained by its effects on p53 phosphorylation, acetylation, or DNA binding activity. BZLF1 substantially reduced the level of cellular TATA binding protein (TBP) in both normal human fibroblasts and A549 cells, and the inhibitory effects of BZLF1 on p53 transcriptional function could be partially rescued by the overexpression of TBP. Thus, BZLF1 has numerous effects on p53 posttranslational modification but may inhibit p53 transcriptional function in part through an indirect mechanism involving the suppression of TBP expression. C1 Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kenney, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA058853, R01 CA 58853, CA 64852] NR 95 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 24 BP 12503 EP 12512 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.24.12503-12512.2002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 617DE UT WOS:000179344800011 PM 12438576 ER PT J AU Krenz, JD Verrell, PA AF Krenz, JD Verrell, PA TI Integrity in the midst of sympatry: does sexual incompatibility facilitate the coexistence of metamorphic and paedomorphic mole salamander's (Ambystoma talpoideum)? SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amphibia; Caudata; Ambystomatidae; Ambystoma talpoideum; paedomorphosis; courtship; sexual incompatibility ID PEDOMORPHOSIS; EVOLUTION; ARRIVAL AB The integrity of genetically determined morphs of the same species in sympatry may be facilitated by sexual incompatibility (and thus reduced gene flow) between morphs. A test for such incompatibility was carried out between fully metamorphosed and paedomorphic forms of the North American mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum, which differ greatly in life-history characteristics.. A few significant differences were found in the content and timing of courtship between homomorphic (within-morph) and heteromorphic (between-morph) encounters during 2-h observation sessions. However, no significant differences were apparent in the incidence of spermatophore deposition (which is an index of the potential for sperm transfer), both as recorded at the end of observation sessions and as determined for pairs left to interact for 16 h overnight. Fertilized and viable eggs were laid by females of both morphs that were exposed to spermatophores from either homomorphic or heteromorphic males, but not to both. We conclude that sexual incompatibility probably plays little or no role in preventing gene flow between sympatric morphs of A. talpoideum. Gametic incompatibility may also be of little or no importance. We suggest that differences in the phenology of breeding are of greater significance in the maintenance of discrete morphs of the mole salamander in sympatry. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Verrell, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 258 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1017/S0952836902001589 PN 4 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 636YY UT WOS:000180485900003 ER PT J AU Gericke, DO Murillo, MS Schlanges, M AF Gericke, DO Murillo, MS Schlanges, M TI Nonideality effects on temperature relaxation SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE temperature equilibration; strongly coupled plasmas; binary electron-ion collisions ID DENSE-PLASMA; EQUILIBRATION; APPROXIMATION AB The relaxation of two-temperature electron-ion systems is investigated. We apply a quantum kinetic approach which is suitable to treat strong electron-ion coupling and avoids any ad hoc cut-off procedures. A comparison with the usual Landau-Spitzer formula gives good agreement for Coulomb logarithms larger than three, whereas larger relaxation rates were found for strongly coupled plasmas. It is shown that the Landau-Spitzer theory can be greatly improved considering hyperbolic orbits. Numerical results for the energy transfer rates and the temporal behavior of the electron temperature are shown. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp T15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. RP Gericke, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp T15, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 543 EP 545 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204012 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200001 ER PT J AU Mueller, D Grisham, L Kaganovich, I Watson, RL Horvat, V Zaharakis, KE Peng, Y AF Mueller, D Grisham, L Kaganovich, I Watson, RL Horvat, V Zaharakis, KE Peng, Y TI Multiple electron stripping of heavy ion beams SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE inertial fusion; cross-sections; heavy ion; electron AB One approach being explored as a route to practical fusion energy uses heavy ion beams focused on an indirect drive target. Such beams will lose electrons while passing through background gas in the target chamber, and therefore it is necessary to assess the rate at which the charge state of the incident beam evolves on the way to the target. Accelerators designed primarily for nuclear physics or high energy physics experiments utilize ion sources that generate highly stripped ions in order to achieve high energies economically. As a result, accelerators capable of producing heavy ion beams of 10 to 40 MeV/amu with charge state I currently do not exist. Hence, the stripping cross sections used to model the performance of heavy ion fusion driver beams have, up to now, been based on theoretical calculations. We have investigated experimentally the stripping of 3.4 MeV/amu Kr+7 and Xe+11 in N-2; 10.2 MeV/amu Ar+6 in He, N-2, Ar, and Xe; 19 MeV/amu Ar+8 in He, N-2, Ar, and Xe; 30 MeV He+1 in He, N-2, Ar, and Xe; and 38 MeV/amu N+6 in He, N-2, Ar, and Xe. The results of these measurements are compared with the theoretical calculations to assess their applicability over a wide range of parameters. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Mueller, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204036 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200003 ER PT J AU Qin, H Davidson, RC AF Qin, H Davidson, RC TI Study of drift compression for heavy ion beams SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE heavy ion fusion; beam compression; pulse shaping; non-periodic lattice; adiabatically-matched solution AB The longitudinal dynamics of drift compression,and pulse shaping for a space-charge-dominated heavy ion fusion beam is studied. A nonperiodic quadrupole lattice is designed for a beam undergoing drift compression, and an adiabatically matched solution is found for the transverse envelope equations in the nonperiodic lattice. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hongqin@princeton.edu NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 EI 1469-803X J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204115 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200006 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Colella, P McCorquodale, P Van Straalen, B Friedman, A Grote, DP AF Vay, JL Colella, P McCorquodale, P Van Straalen, B Friedman, A Grote, DP TI Mesh refinement for particle-in-cell plasma simulations: Applications to and benefits for heavy ion fusion SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE heavy ion fusion; mesh refinement; particle in cell; plasma simulation ID WAVES AB The numerical simulation of the driving beams in a heavy ion fusion power plant is a challenging task, and simulation of the power plant as a whole, or even of the driver, is not yet possible. Despite the rapid progress in computer power, past and anticipated, one must consider the use of the most advanced numerical techniques, if we are to reach our goal expeditiously. One of the difficulties of these simulations resides in the disparity of scales, in time and in space, which must be resolved. When these disparities are in distinctive zones of the simulation region, a method which has proven to be effective in other areas (e.g., fluid dynamics simulations) is the mesh refinement technique. We discuss the challenges posed by the implementation of this technique into plasma simulations (due to the presence of particles and electromagnetic waves). We present the prospects for and projected benefits of its application to heavy ion fusion, in particular to the simulation of the ion source and the final beam propagation in the chamber. A collaboration project is under way at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory between the Applied Numerical Algorithms Group (ANAG) and the Heavy Ion Fusion group to couple the adaptive mesh refinement library CHOMBO developed by the ANAG group to the particle-in-cell accelerator code WARP developed by the Heavy Ion Fusion-Virtual National Laboratory. We describe our progress and-present our initial findings. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mailstop 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204139 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200007 ER PT J AU Celata, CM Grote, DP Haber, I AF Celata, CM Grote, DP Haber, I TI Particle-in-cell simulations of the dynamic aperture of the HCX SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE dynamic aperture; heavy ion fusion; ion linear accelerator AB The Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory High Current Experiment (HCX) is exploring transport issues such as dynamic aperture, effects of quadrupole rotation, and the effects on the beam of nonideal distribution function, mismatch, and electrons, using one driver-scale 0.2 muC/m, 2-10 mus coasting K+ beam. Two- and three-dimensional simulations are being done, using the particle-in-cell code WARP to study these phenomena. We present results which predict that the dynamic aperture in the electrostatic focusing transport section will be set by particle loss. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Celata, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mailstop 47-112,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 577 EP 579 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204140 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200008 ER PT J AU Lee, EP Barnard, JJ AF Lee, EP Barnard, JJ TI Bends and momentum dispersion during final compression in heavy ion fusion drivers SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE beams; bending; compression; dispersion; fusion; ions AB Between the accelerator and fusion chamber, the heavy ion beams are subject to a dramatic but vital series of manipulations, some of which are carried out simultaneously and involve large space charge forces. The beams' quality must be maintained at a level sufficient for the fusion application; this general requirement significantly impacts beam line design, especially in the considerations of momentum dispersion. Immediately prior to final focus onto a fusion target, heavy ion driver beams are compressed in length by typically an order of magnitude. This process is simultaneous with bending through large angles to achieve the required target illumination configuration. The large increase in beam current is accommodated by a combination of decreased lattice period, increased beam radius, and increased strength of the beamline quadrupoles. However, the large head-to-tail momentum tilt (up to 5%) needed to compress the pulse results in a very significant dispersion of the pulse centroid from the design axis. General design features are discussed. A principal design goal is to minimize the magnitude of the dispersion while maintaining approximate first order achromaticity through the complete compression/bend system. Configurations of bends and quadrupoles, which achieve this goal while simultaneously maintaining a locally matched beam-envelope, are analyzed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, EP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204152 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200009 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Qin, H AF Startsev, EA Davidson, RC Qin, H TI Nonlinear delta f simulation studies of intense charged particle beams with large temperature anisotropy SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE anisotropy; beam; instability; kinetic; simulation AB This article extends previous numerical studies of the stability properties of intense nonneutral charged particle beams with large temperature anisotropy (T-perpendicular tob >> T-parallel tob) to allow for nonaxisymmetric perturbations with partial derivative/partial derivativetheta not equal 0. The most unstable modes are identified, and their eigenfrequencies, radial mode structure, and nonlinear dynamics are determined. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM estarts@pppl.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204164 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200010 ER PT J AU Ahle, L Grote, D Kwan, J AF Ahle, L Grote, D Kwan, J TI Developing high brightness and high current beams for HIF injectors SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE accelerators; heavy ion fusion; injectors; ion sources ID INERTIAL FUSION; ION-BEAMS; TARGET AB The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is continuing research into ion sources and injectors that simultaneously provide high current (0.5-1.0 A) and high brightness (normalized emittance better than 1.0 pi-mm-mr). The central issue of focus is whether to continue pursuing the traditional approach of large surface ionization sources or to adopt a multiaperture approach that transports many smaller "beamlets" separately at low energies before allowing them to merge. For the large surface source concept, the recent commissioning of the 2-MeV injector for the High Current eXperiment has increased our understanding of the beam quality limitations for these sources. We have also improved our techniques for fabricating large diameter aluminosilicate sources to improve lifetime and emission uniformity. For the multiaperture approach, we are continuing to study the feasibility of small surface sources and a RF-induced plasma source in preparation for beamlet merging experiments, while continuing to run computer simulations for better understanding of this alternate concept. Experiments into both architectures will be performed on a newly commissioned ion source test stand at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory called STS-500. This stand test provides a platform for testing a variety of ion sources and accelerating structures with 500-kV, 17-mus pulses. Recent progress in these areas is discussed as well as plans for future experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ahle, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 603 EP 608 DI 10.1017/S026303460220422X PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200014 ER PT J AU Faltens, A Lietzke, A Sabbi, G Seidl, P Lund, S Manahan, B Martovetsky, N Gung, C Minervini, J Schultz, J Myatt, L Meinke, R AF Faltens, A Lietzke, A Sabbi, G Seidl, P Lund, S Manahan, B Martovetsky, N Gung, C Minervini, J Schultz, J Myatt, L Meinke, R TI Progress in the development of superconducting quadrupoles for heavy ion fusion SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE heavy ion accelerator; superconducting quadrupoles; magnetic focusing AB The heavy ion fusion program is developing single aperture superconducting quadrupoles based on NbTi conductor, for use in the High Current Experiment at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Following the fabrication and testing of prototypes using two different approaches, a baseline design has been selected and further optimized. A prototype cryostat for a quadrupole doublet, with features to accommodate induction acceleration modules, is being fabricated. The single aperture magnet was derived from a conceptual design of a quadrupole array magnet for multibeam transport. Progress on the development of superconducting quadrupole arrays for future experiments is also reported. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Adv Magnet Lab, Palm Bay, FL USA. RP Sabbi, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204267 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200017 ER PT J AU Welch, DR Rose, DV Sharp, WM Olson, CL Yu, SS AF Welch, DR Rose, DV Sharp, WM Olson, CL Yu, SS TI Effects of preneutralization on heavy ion fusion chamber transport SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE charge neutralization; current neutralization; ion beam transport; PIC simulation ID SELF-PINCHED TRANSPORT; CURRENT NEUTRALIZATION; BEAMS; CHARGE; SIMULATIONS; REACTOR; PLASMA AB Beams for heavy ion fusion are likely to require at least partial neutralization in the reactor chamber. Present target designs call for higher beam currents and smaller focal spots than most earlier designs, leading to high space-charge fields. Focusing is complicated by beam stripping in the low-pressure background gas expected in chambers. One method proposed for neutralization is passing an ion beam through a plasma before the beam enters the chamber. In this article, the electromagnetic particle-in-cell code LSP is used to study the effectiveness of this form of preneutralization for a range of plasma and beam parameters. For target chamber pressures below a few milliTorr of flibe gas, preneutralization is found to significantly reduce the beam emittance growth and spot size in the chamber. C1 Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Welch, DR (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 5001 Indian Sch Rd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204279 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200018 ER PT J AU Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Lodi, D Marian, J Salvador, M Sanz, J Gonzalez, AI Caturla, MJ De La Rubia, TD Wirth, BD Colombo, L AF Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Lodi, D Marian, J Salvador, M Sanz, J Gonzalez, AI Caturla, MJ De La Rubia, TD Wirth, BD Colombo, L TI Insight into the materials choice for inertial fusion energy reactors considering radiation damage: Neutron irradiation intensities and basic knowledge from multiscale modeling SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article DE inertial fusion; multiscale modeling; neutron irradiation; pulsed damage; SiC; target emission ID ACCUMULATION; FE AB A review of structural materials choices under irradiation in fusion environments is presented. Results on the neutron source term and the intensities in the structural materials as a function of pulse time, energy, and protection is given. The role of multiscale modeling for understanding the basic physics in irradiated materials is explained, and simulations of metals under pulse irradiation and SiC are reported. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, DENIM, ETSII, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. CEN SCK, Ctr Etudes Energie Nucl, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Cagliari, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Cagliari, Italy. RP Perlado, JM (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, DENIM, ETSII, J Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM mperlado@din.upm.es RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Colombo, Luciano/D-9013-2013; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Colombo, Luciano/0000-0001-5335-4652; Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 627 EP 631 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204292 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200019 ER PT J AU Borghesi, M Campbell, DH Schiavi, A Willi, O Mackinnon, AJ Hicks, D Patel, P Gizzi, LA Galimberti, M Clarke, RJ AF Borghesi, M Campbell, DH Schiavi, A Willi, O Mackinnon, AJ Hicks, D Patel, P Gizzi, LA Galimberti, M Clarke, RJ TI Laser-produced protons and their application as a particle probe (vol 20, pg 269, 2002) SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Correction C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Laser & Plasmaphys, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. CNR, Ist Fis Atom & Mol, Intense Laser Irradiat Lab, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Chilton, England. RP Borghesi, M (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Gizzi, Leonida/F-4782-2011; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; Galimberti, Marco/J-8376-2016; Schiavi, Angelo/D-2924-2017 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; Galimberti, Marco/0000-0003-0661-7282; Schiavi, Angelo/0000-0002-7081-2747 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 641 EP 641 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204322 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200022 ER PT J AU Gericke, DO AF Gericke, DO TI Stopping power for strong beam-plasma coupling (vol 20, pg 471, 2002) SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gericke, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 643 EP 643 DI 10.1017/S0263034602204334 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 672UA UT WOS:000182540200023 ER PT J AU Loewen, EP Bisanz, G AF Loewen, EP Bisanz, G TI Structural characterization of lead-bismuth eutectic corrosion of stainless steel by ultrasonic and metallographic analysis SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE corrosion; ultrasound; lead-bismuth AB Metallic test coupons subjected to corrosion in a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) were analyzed by both ultrasound and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The advantages and disadvantages of each method are given, and the possibility of using ultrasound as a screening process for SEM is presented. Visual data from each method are given, and the data derived from each method are compared and contrasted. Use of both ultrasound and SEM is recommended for future analysis of corrosion coupons, and development of a better methodology will increase the portion of the analysis workload obtainable by ultrasound. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Oakland Univ, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. RP Loewen, EP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 5 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(03)00071-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 709KZ UT WOS:000184625500011 ER PT J AU Borca, CN Adenwalla, S Liou, SH Xu, QL Robertson, JL Dowben, PA AF Borca, CN Adenwalla, S Liou, SH Xu, QL Robertson, JL Dowben, PA TI Neutron powder diffraction studies of the La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 perovskite SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE perovskites; crystal structure; neutron diffraction; ferromagnetic resonance; Jahn-Teller distortions; spin reorientation transition ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; DISTORTION AB The structure of La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 has been studied by neutron powder diffraction. From the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters, we observe that La0.65Pb0.35MnO3 remains single phase in the temperature interval from 25 to 400 K, with a rhombohedral (R(3) over bar c) structure. The collinear Mn spins suffer a thermally driven reorientation transition close to the Curie temperature, as obtained from powder samples (using neutron diffraction) and from thin films [using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR)]. The reorientation transition may indicate the presence of local Jahn-Teller (JT) lattice distortions, which are prevented from developing with long-range order in the R(3) over bar c crystal structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Borca, CN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 325 EP 329 AR PII S0167-577X(02)00785-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00785-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 616YY UT WOS:000179332500010 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Gawlik, K AF Sugama, T Gawlik, K TI Anti-silica fouling coatings in geothermal environments SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE anti-silica fouling coatings; geothermal environments; silica scales ID SPECTROSCOPY AB An important key to a successful use of carbon steel-based heat exchanger tubes in geothermal binary-cycle power plants is to understand how to efficiently prevent the deposition on them of silica scales. These deposits are caused by the high sensitivity to silica of ferric oxide layer occupying the outermost surface sites of carbon steel. We evaluated the usefulness of two high-temperature performance coatings, polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-blended PPS, in inhibiting silica scaling. To obtain this information, the coated steel panels were immersed for up to 7 days in 200 degreesC silica-rich brine. As a result, the surfaces of the unblended PPS coating underwent some degree of brine-induced oxidation. Although the amount of silica deposited was negligible, it was found that the sulfur-oxygen derivatives formed on the surfaces by oxidation make them susceptible to silica scaling. In contrast, the PTFE-blended PPS coating had a high potential as the anti-silica fouling barrier. The major reason for this was due to the segregation of anti-oxidant, hydrophobic PTFE top surface layer above a PPS layer in the coating. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Resources Div, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Bldg 526,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 666 EP 673 AR PII S0167-577X(02)00851-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00851-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 618MQ UT WOS:000179422200027 ER PT J AU Fourkal, E Shahine, B Ding, M Li, JS Tajima, T Ma, CM AF Fourkal, E Shahine, B Ding, M Li, JS Tajima, T Ma, CM TI Particle in cell simulation of laser-accelerated proton beams for radiation therapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE proton radiotherapy; dosimetry; laser-proton acceleration; laser-plasma interaction ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ION-ACCELERATION; SOLID TARGETS; HOT-ELECTRONS; GENERATION; PULSES; LIGHT; IRRADIATION; ABSORPTION AB In this article we present the results of particle in cell (PIC) simulations of laser plasma interaction for proton acceleration for radiation therapy treatments. We show that under optimal interaction conditions protons can be accelerated up to relativistic energies of 300 MeV by a petawatt laser field. The proton acceleration is due to the dragging Coulomb force arising from charge separation induced by the ponderomotive pressure (light pressure) of high-intensity laser. The proton energy and phase space distribution functions obtained from the PIC simulations are used in the calculations of dose distributions using the GEANT Monte Carlo simulation code. Because of the broad energy and angular spectra of the protons, a compact particle selection and beam collimation system will be needed to generate small beams of polyenergetic protons for intensity modulated proton therapy. (C) 2002 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. EM e_fourkal@fccc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA78331] NR 43 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2788 EP 2798 DI 10.1118/1.1521122 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 628BA UT WOS:000179970900007 PM 12512712 ER PT J AU Honda, A Caffee, MW Miura, YN Nagai, H Nagao, K Nishiizumi, K AF Honda, A Caffee, MW Miura, YN Nagai, H Nagao, K Nishiizumi, K TI Cosmogenic nuclides in the Brenham pallasite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CL-36 DEPTH PROFILES; APOLLO-15 DRILL CORE; IRON-METEORITES; PRODUCTION-RATES; DATA COMPILATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY PROTONS; EXPOSURE AGES; RARE-GASES; AL-26 AB Cosmic-ray-produced (cosmogenic) nuclides were studied in fragments of the Brenham pallasite, a large stony iron meteorite. The contents of light noble gases (He, Ne, and Ar) and long-lived radionuclides (Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, and Mn-53), produced by nuclear reactions with cosmic rays, were measured in the separated metal and olivine phases from numerous samples representing a wide range of shielding conditions in the meteoroid. The distribution of cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in the metal follows patterns similar to that observed in large iron meteorites. Shielding effects were estimated from the relative proportions of low- and high-energy reaction products. The production rates varied, from surface to interior, by a factor of more than several hundred. The Cl-36-Ar-36 cosmic-ray exposure age of Brenham is 156 +/- 8 Myr. This determination is based on a multiple nuclide approach that utilizes cosmogenic nuclide pairs. This approach not only yields a "shielding independent" exposure age but also demonstrates that the production of cosmogenic nuclides occurred in a single stage. The depth profiles of Be-10 in the stone phase and Mn-53 in the metal phase are shown superimposed on corresponding profiles from the Apollo 15 long drill core. Surprisingly low abundances of lithophile elements, such as K, U, and Th, provided a unique opportunity to examine the production systematics of those nuclides whose inventories typically have significant contributions from non-cosmogenic sources, particularly radiogenic contributions. The U and Th contents of the olivine samples are extremely low, allowing detection of cosmogenic He-4 production from oxygen, magnesium, silicon, and iron. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nihon Univ, Dept Chem, Tokyo 1568550, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo 1130032, Japan. Okayama Univ, Inst Study Earths Interior, Misasa, Tottori 6820193, Japan. RP Nishiizumi, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 12 BP 1711 EP 1728 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633FT UT WOS:000180272400005 ER PT J AU Velbel, MA Matty, DJ Wacker, JF Linke, MP AF Velbel, MA Matty, DJ Wacker, JF Linke, MP TI The Worden meteorite: A new ordinary chondrite fall from Michigan, USA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An ordinary chondrite fall in southeast Michigan, USA (near the crossroads hamlet of Worden in northeast Washtenaw County) penetrated the garage roof of a private home on 1997 September 1. The Worden chondrite comprises silicate matrix, mineral fragments, chondrules, chondrule fragments, and opaque primary phases. Electron microprobe analyses (olivine, Fa(23.9); orthopyroxene, Fs(20.1), En(78.8), Wo(1)) indicate diagnostic L-chondrite silicate mineral compositions. Recognizable chondrules and chondrule fragments constitute up to 42 vol%. Chondrule boundaries are readily discernable (especially where chondrules have rims of opaque material) but not sharp, and discrete plagioclase crystals are visible in the devitrified mesostasis of barred olivine chondrules; together, these characteristics suggest petrologic type 5. The spatially averaged ensemble of shock-related features (optical extinction of olivine grains, minor localized shock melt) suggests assignment of a shock stage of S3. The Al-26 and Na-22 activities are typical for an L chondrite. Worden fell near the most recent solar minimum in 1997, and the Na-22 production rate should have been at a level approaching the maximum levels due to solar modulation of the galactic cosmic-ray flux. The low value for the Worden Na-22 activity relative to those observed in chondrite falls associated with the 1969 solar maximum and 1976 solar minimum suggests a relatively small preatmospheric size. The Co-60 activity confirms the indication of a small body. The Co-56 activity was essentially zero, indicating that none of the recovered meteorite contained material exposed to solar cosmic rays. The Worden chondrite is the fourth documented fall in Michigan, and the fourth stony meteorite recovered in Michigan; all other Michigan meteorites are finds, not observed falls, and are iron meteorites. All Michigan falls to date are ordinary chondrites. The three falls prior to Worden were Allegan (H5) fell 1899; Rose City (145, brecciated, black (dark matrix)) fell 1921; and Coleman (L6, veined (shocked); Osborn et al., 1997) fell 1994. Worden has a much lighter matrix than Rose City, and is less extensively thermally and shock metamorphosed than either Rose City (Stoffler et al., 1991) or Coleman. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Geol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Exhibit Museum Nat Hist, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Velbel, MA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, 206 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 37 IS 12 SU S BP B25 EP B29 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 634JY UT WOS:000180337300005 ER PT J AU Weber, TJ Markillie, LM Chrisler, WB Vielhauer, GA Regan, JW AF Weber, TJ Markillie, LM Chrisler, WB Vielhauer, GA Regan, JW TI Modulation of JB6 mouse epidermal cell transformation response by the prostaglandin F-2 alpha receptor SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cyclooxygenase; epidermal; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; convergence ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; BOVINE LUTEAL CELLS; NEOPLASTIC TRANSFORMATION; TUMOR PROMOTION; DNA-SYNTHESIS; MULTISTAGE CARCINOGENESIS; F2-ISOPROSTANE RECEPTORS; PGF(2-ALPHA) RECEPTOR; AP-1 TRANSACTIVATION AB Prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)) modulates clonal selection processes in the mouse skin model of carcinogenesis. In this study we investigated whether JB6 mouse epidermal cells expressed a functional PGF(2alpha) receptor (FP) coupled with a cell-transformation response. Treatment of JB6 cells with an FP agonist (fluprostenol) potently (pM-nM) increased anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth. Inositol phospholipid accumulation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activity were increased in cells treated with FP agonists, consistent with established FP-related signal transduction. FP mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the average specific [H-3]PGF(2alpha) binding was 8.25 +/- 0.95 fmol/mg protein. Erk activity and colony size were increased by cotreatment of JB6 cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fluprostenol to a greater extent than with either treatment alone, whereas the cotreatment effect on colony number appeared to be simply additive. Collectively, our data indicated that JB6 cells expressed a functional FP coupled with transformation-related signal transduction and the regulation of clonal selection processes. Erk activity appears to be a convergence point in the EGF and FP pathways. The data raise the possibility that the FP contributes to clonal selection processes but probably plays a more important role as a response modifier. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Weber, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 790 6th St,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.1002/mc.10079 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 631CE UT WOS:000180149000002 PM 12489107 ER PT J AU Adkins, JN Varnum, SM Auberry, KJ Moore, RJ Angell, NH Smith, RD Springer, DL Pounds, JG AF Adkins, JN Varnum, SM Auberry, KJ Moore, RJ Angell, NH Smith, RD Springer, DL Pounds, JG TI Toward a human blood serum proteome - Analysis by multidimensional separation coupled with mass spectrometry SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID D-BINDING-PROTEIN; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; HUMAN-PLASMA; RAT SERUM; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DATABASE; ACTIN; PEPTIDES AB Blood serum is a complex body fluid that contains various proteins ranging in concentration over at least 9 orders of magnitude. Using a combination of mass spectrometry technologies with improvements in sample preparation, we have performed a proteomic analysis with submilliliter quantities of serum and increased the measurable concentration range for proteins in blood serum beyond previous reports. We have detected 490 proteins in serum by on-line reversed-phase microcapillary liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry. To perform this analysis, immunoglobulins were removed from serum using protein A/G, and the remaining proteins were digested with trypsin. Resulting peptides were separated by strong cation exchange chromatography into distinct fractions prior to analysis. This separation resulted in a 3-5-fold increase in the number of proteins detected in an individual serum sample. With this increase in the number of proteins identified we have detected some lower abundance serum proteins (ng/ml range) including human growth hormone, interleukin-12, and prostate-specific antigen. We also used SEQUEST to compare different protein databases with and without filtering. This comparison is plotted to allow for a quick visual assessment of different databases as a subjective measure of analytical quality. With this study, we have performed the most extensive analysis of serum proteins to date and laid the foundation for future refinements in the identification of novel protein biomarkers of disease. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pounds, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN P7-58, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 NR 48 TC 514 Z9 546 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 12 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.1074/mcp.M200066-MCP200 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 721JV UT WOS:000185314000004 PM 12543931 ER PT J AU Thode, AB Maltbie, M Hansen, LA Green, LD Longmire, JL AF Thode, AB Maltbie, M Hansen, LA Green, LD Longmire, JL TI Microsatellite markers for the Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genetic markers; microsatellites; spotted owl; tandem repeats ID SEQUENCES AB A genomic cosmid library was used to develop seven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Mexican spotted owl (Strix occidentalis lucida). These are the first reported microsatellite markers derived from this species. The cloned and sequenced repeat motifs include a triplet repeat of (AAT)(n) two tetranucleotide repeats of (GATA)n, a tetranucleotide repeat of (ATCC)n, a compound repeat of (GA)(n)(GATA)(n) and the two pentanucleotide repeats (AGAAT)(n) and (ATTTT)(n). The microsatellites described represent six presumably independent loci with the two pentanucleotide repeats having originated from a single cosmid. Primer pairs allow locus-specific amplification of each marker from Mexican spotted owl genomic DNA. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Environm & Safety Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Therion Int, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. RP Longmire, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 446 EP 448 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00267.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400021 ER PT J AU Schable, NA Fischer, RU Glenn, TC AF Schable, NA Fischer, RU Glenn, TC TI Tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci from the dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE dinucleotide repeats; Lepomis marginatus; microsatellite; PCR; primer; SSR; tetranucleotide repeats AB We describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and conditions to amplify one dinucleotide and eight tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the dollar sunfish (Lepomis marginatus). The PCR primers were tested on 20 or more individuals from five populations. The dollar sunfish microsatellite primers developed yielded a high number of alleles (4 to 14 per locus), and high observed heterozygosities (0.500-0.857). C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Eastern Illinois Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Charleston, IL 61920 USA. RP Schable, NA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 6 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 509 EP 511 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8278.2002.00296.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400043 ER PT J AU Korfanta, NM Schable, NA Glenn, TC AF Korfanta, NM Schable, NA Glenn, TC TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA primers in burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE aves; microsatellites; owls; PCR; primer; strigiformes ID PHILOPATRY AB We developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to amplify 22 microsatellite DNA loci in burrowing owls (Strigiformes: (.)Athene cunicularia). The seven most easily amplified and scored polymorphic loci are presented. These show 3-19 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities of 0.067-0.712. Inheritance at all loci conformed to Mendelian expectations among six owl families, and six loci conform to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. C1 Univ Wyoming, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Korfanta, NM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 584 EP 585 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00326.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 622ZM UT WOS:000179678400069 ER PT J AU Mai, A Weerachatyanukul, W Tomietto, M Wayner, DDM Wells, G Balhorn, R Leader, A Cyr, JL Tanphaichitr, N AF Mai, A Weerachatyanukul, W Tomietto, M Wayner, DDM Wells, G Balhorn, R Leader, A Cyr, JL Tanphaichitr, N TI Use of atomic force microscopy for morphological and morphometric analyses of acrosome intact and acrosome-reacted human sperm SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; sperm morphology; sperm morphometry; sperm acrosome reaction ID MAMMALIAN SPERM; ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY; IN-VITRO; SPERMATOZOA; CHROMATIN; MACROMOLECULES; CAPACITATION; MEMBRANE; SURFACE; BIOLOGY AB The objective of this study was to use atomic force microscopy (AFM), with submicron resolution, for morphophologic and morphometric analyses of acrosome intact and acrosome- reacted human sperm heads. A mixed population of acrosome intact and reacted sperm was produced by treating capacitated sperm with A23187, which induced the acrosome reaction in similar to50% of total sperm population. This A23187-treated sperm suspension was then plated onto a coverslip and acrosome reacted sperm were preidentified by their specific staining with rhodamine-conjugated Concanavalin A. The sperm coverslip was then air-dried and scanned by a Nanoscope IIIa atomic force microscope, using the contact mode. Top and side view images processed through the illuminate mode revealed three dimensional sperm head contour, with the highest point situated in the head posterior in both acrosome intact and acrosome reacted sperm. Maximum height, length, and width measured in 50 acrosome intact and 50 acrosome- reacted sperm were the same in both populations. However, head length at half maximum height was significantly decreased in acrosome reacted sperm (2.99+/-0.24 mum vs. 3.56+/-0.32mum of acrosome intact sperm), due to the sudden change of the height contour from the maximum peak to the anterior tip of acrosome- reacted sperm. Our results described here can therefore be used to differentiate acrosome intact and reacted sperm from each other. This would allow future studies on subcellular changes, related to the acrosome reaction, at the submicron resolution level under more physiological conditions, since AFM does not require fixing or staining of the samples. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Hormones Growth Dev Grp, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Biochem Microbiol Immunol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Med, Ottawa Hlth Res Inst,Clin Epidemiol Unit, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CNR, Mol Interface Program, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Med, Fertil Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Tanphaichitr, N (reprint author), Ottawa Hlth Res Inst, Hormones Growth Dev Grp, 725 Parkdale Ave, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. OI Tanphaichitr, Nongnuj/0000-0002-8585-6670 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 4 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1002/mrd.10195 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 607UK UT WOS:000178809000009 PM 12412050 ER PT J AU Rivera, JL McCabe, C Cummings, PT AF Rivera, JL McCabe, C Cummings, PT TI Layering behavior and axial phase equilibria of pure water and water plus carbon dioxide inside single wall carbon nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; MOLECULES; PORES AB We have studied the phase equilibrium and layering behavior of the liquid phase in water and water + CO2 systems inside single wall carbon nanotubes. The system containing pure water was examined at temperatures between 274 and 500 K. At low temperatures and close to the wall of the nanotube, the formation of layers enclosing the liquid phase was observed. Upon addition of CO2, gas-liquid equilibrium was observed, resulting in an enhanced layering effect in the liquid phase. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Cummings, PT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Rivera, Jose/A-2795-2008; McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-6985-7841; McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1427 EP 1431 DI 10.1021/nl0257566 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 625JQ UT WOS:000179813700019 ER PT J AU Yang, KL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Yang, KL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Proton adsorption and electrical double-layer formation inside charged platinum nanochannels SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSORPTION; FILMS AB This study is focused on the formation of the electrical double layer (EDL) inside uniform platinum nanochannels. Strong hysteresis of adsorption/desorption of protons observed in cyclic voltammetry experiments suggests that adsorption is controlled by ion diffusion through the charged nanochannels whereas desorption is controlled by the electrical potential. It was determined that the nanostructured platinum electrodes prepared in this study were selective for halogen ions. The sorption capacity decreased in the order of F- > Cl- > Br-. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Yang, Kun-Lin/C-2247-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Yang, Kun-Lin/0000-0002-7958-9334; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 12 BP 1433 EP 1437 DI 10.1021/nl0257622 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 625JQ UT WOS:000179813700020 ER PT J AU Jia, JF Wang, JZ Liu, X Wang, XS Xue, QK Li, ZQ Zhang, SB AF Jia, JF Wang, JZ Liu, X Wang, XS Xue, QK Li, ZQ Zhang, SB TI Spontaneous assembly of perfectly ordered identical-size nanocluster arrays SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International-Union-of-Materials-Research-Societies Conference on Electronic Materials CY JUN 10-14, 2002 CL XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Mat Res Soc ID SURFACE; CLUSTERS; SI(111)-7X7; GOLD AB Perfectly ordered arrays of identical Al and Ga clusters of nanometre size and spacing were spontaneously obtained using a novel technique, in which surface-mediated magic clustering is used to achieve the identical cluster size while the Si(111)-7 x 7 surface is used as a template for positioning the clusters in order. The atomic structures, formation mechanism and stability of the nanoclusters were studied with in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy combined with first-principles total energy calculations, The very high stability of these nanocluster arrays provides unprecedented opportunities for exploring new physical phenomena and great potential in technological applications. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 736 EP 740 AR PII S0957-4484(02)53313-4 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/13/6/308 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 632TC UT WOS:000180238100009 ER PT J AU Sundaram, SK Mazur, E AF Sundaram, SK Mazur, E TI Inducing and probing non-thermal transitions in semiconductors using femtosecond laser pulses SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID INDUCED PHASE-TRANSITION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ATTOSECOND LIGHT LOCALIZATION; ORDER-DISORDER TRANSITIONS; HIGH-DENSITY PHASES; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; HARMONIC-GENERATION; COVALENT SEMICONDUCTORS; LATTICE INSTABILITY; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION AB Soon after it was discovered that intense laser pulses of nanosecond duration from a ruby laser could anneal the lattice of silicon, it was established that this so-called pulsed laser annealing is a thermal process. Although the radiation energy is transferred to the electrons, the electrons transfer their energy to the lattice on the timescale of the excitation. The electrons and the lattice remain in equilibrium and the laser simply 'heats' the solid to the melting temperature within the duration of the laser pulse. For ultrashort laser pulses in the femtosecond regime, however, thermal processes (which take several picoseconds) and equilibrium thermodynamics cannot account for the experimental data. On excitation with femtosecond laser pulses, the electrons and the lattice are driven far out of equilibrium and disordering of the lattice can occur because the interatomic forces are modified due to the excitation of a large (10% or more) fraction of the valence electrons to the conduction band. This review focuses on the nature of the non-thermal transitions in semiconductors under femtosecond laser excitation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Mazur, Eric/B-8918-2009 NR 79 TC 333 Z9 342 U1 20 U2 161 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1038/nmat767 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LR UT WOS:000181498800017 PM 12618781 ER PT J AU McMillan, RA Paavola, CD Howard, J Chan, SL Zaluzec, NJ Trent, JD AF McMillan, RA Paavola, CD Howard, J Chan, SL Zaluzec, NJ Trent, JD TI Ordered nanoparticle arrays formed on engineered chaperonin protein templates SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; SULFOLOBUS-SHIBATAE; QUANTUM DOTS; MOLECULAR LITHOGRAPHY; ARCHAEAL CHAPERONIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VIRUS-PARTICLES; DNA; NANOCRYSTALS; DEVICES AB Traditional methods for fabricating nanoscale arrays are usually based on lithographic techniques. Alternative new approaches rely on the use of nanoscale templates made of synthetic or biological materials. Some proteins, for example, have been used to form ordered two-dimensional arrays. Here, we fabricated nanoscale ordered arrays of metal and semiconductor quantum dots by binding preformed nanoparticles onto crystalline protein templates made from genetically engineered hollow double-ring structures called chaperonins. Using structural information as a guide, a thermostable recombinant chaperonin subunit was modified to assemble into chaperonins with either 3 nm or 9 nm apical pores surrounded by chemically reactive thiols. These engineered chaperonins were crystallized into two-dimensional templates up to 20 mum in diameter. The peiriodic solvent-exposed thiols within these crystalline templates were used to size-selectively bind and organize either gold (1.4, 5 or 10 nm) or CdSe-ZnS semiconductor (4.5 nm) quantum dots into arrays. The order within the arrays was defined by the lattice of the undedying protein crystal. By combining the self-assembling properties of chaperonins with mutations guided by structural modelling, we demonstrate that quantum dots can be manipulated using modified chaperonins and organized into arrays for use in next-generation electronic and photonic devices. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Astrobiol Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McMillan, RA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ctr Nanotechnol, Mail Stop 239-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 43 TC 259 Z9 260 U1 6 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1038/nmat775 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LR UT WOS:000181498800023 PM 12618787 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Auciello, O Butler, JE Cai, W Carlisle, JA Gerbi, J Gruen, DM Knickerbocker, T Lasseter, TL Russell, JN Smith, LM Hamers, RJ AF Yang, WS Auciello, O Butler, JE Cai, W Carlisle, JA Gerbi, J Gruen, DM Knickerbocker, T Lasseter, TL Russell, JN Smith, LM Hamers, RJ TI DNA-modified nanocrystalline diamond thin-films as stable, biologically active substrates SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TERMINATED SILICON; SURFACES; CVD; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; ELECTRODES; ATTACHMENT; MONOLAYERS AB Diamond, because of its electrical and chemical properties may be a suitable material for integrated sensing and signal processing. But methods to control chemical or biological modifications on diamond surfaces have not been established. Here, we show that nanocrystalline diamond thin-films covalently modified with DNA oligonucleotides provide an extremely stable, highly selective platform in subsequent surface hybridization processes. We used a photochemical modification scheme to chemically modify clean, H-terminated nanocrystalline diamond surfaces grown on silicon substrates, producing a homogeneous layer of amine groups that serve as sites for DNA attachment. After linking DNA to the amine groups, hybridization reactions with fluorescently tagged complementary and non-complementary oligonucleotides showed no detectable non-specific adsorption, with extremely good selectivity between matched and mismatched sequences. Comparison of DNA-modified ultra-nanocrystalline diamond films with other commonly used surfaces for biological modification, such as gold, silicon, glass and glassy carbon, showed that diamond is unique in its ability to achieve very high stability and sensitivity while also being compatible with microelectronics processing technologies. These results suggest that diamond thin-films may be a nearly ideal substrate for integration of microelectronics with biological modification and sensing. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hamers, RJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Butler, James/B-7965-2008; Russell, John/A-3621-2009; Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008; OI Butler, James/0000-0002-4794-7176; Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625; Clare, Tami/0000-0003-2154-6275 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB00269] NR 30 TC 629 Z9 636 U1 8 U2 132 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1038/nmat779 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 654LR UT WOS:000181498800024 PM 12618788 ER PT J AU Rouiller, I DeLaBarre, B May, AP Weis, WI Brunger, AT Milligan, RA Wilson-Kubalek, EM AF Rouiller, I DeLaBarre, B May, AP Weis, WI Brunger, AT Milligan, RA Wilson-Kubalek, EM TI Conformational changes of the multifunction p97 AAA ATPase during its ATPase cycle SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARCHAEON THERMOPLASMA-ACIDOPHILUM; VALOSIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN; SENSITIVE FUSION PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TERMINAL DOMAIN; QUATERNARY ARRANGEMENT; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANE-FUSION; UBIQUITIN; COMPLEX AB p97 (also called VCP), a member of the AAA ATPase family, is involved in several cellular processes, including membrane fusion and extraction of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for cytoplasmic degradation. We have studied the conformational changes that p97 undergoes during the ATPase cycle by cryo-EM and single-particle analysis. Three-dimensional maps show that the two AAA domains, D1 and D2, as well as the N-domains, experience conformational changes during ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis, P-i release and ADP release. The N-domain is flexible in most nucleotide states except after ATP hydrolysis. The rings formed by D1 and D2 rotate with respect to each other, and the size of their axial openings fluctuates. Taken together, our results depict the movements that this and possibly other AAA ATPases can undergo during an ATPase cycle. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Struct, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wilson-Kubalek, EM (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kubalek@scripps.edu RI Weis, William/G-1437-2011; rouiller, isabelle/K-7679-2012; OI Weis, William/0000-0002-5583-6150; rouiller, isabelle/0000-0002-1288-8575; Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 NR 47 TC 158 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 950 EP 957 DI 10.1038/nsb872 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 618GB UT WOS:000179409400016 PM 12434150 ER PT J AU D'Ippolito, DA Myra, JR Ryan, PM Righi, E Heikkinen, J Lamalle, PU Noterdaeme, JM AF D'Ippolito, DA Myra, JR Ryan, PM Righi, E Heikkinen, J Lamalle, PU Noterdaeme, JM CA EFDA-JET Workprogramme TI Modelling of mixed-phasing antenna-plasma interactions on JET A2 antennas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ICRF ANTENNAS; EDGE PLASMA; RF-SHEATH; IMPURITY PRODUCTION; LANGMUIR PROBES; TORE-SUPRA; CONVECTION; DRIVEN; SCREENS; TEXTOR AB The use of mixed(monopole-dipole)-phasing of a set of ion cyclotron range of frequency antennas is potentially useful to optimize tokamak performance. However, recent mixed-phasing experiments on JET, described here, showed undesirable antenna-plasma interactions under certain circumstances. A possible physical mechanism to explain the experimental results is discussed, namely, rf-driven dc parallel currents flowing between adjacent antennas with different phasings can lead to arcing on the antenna with the largest sheath voltage. Means of controlling the interaction are discussed. C1 Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EFDA CSU Garching, Garching, Germany. VTT, Assoc Euratom Tekes, Espoo, Finland. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Euratom Assoc, IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EFDA JET, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP D'Ippolito, DA (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM dasd@lodestar.com OI Righi, Elena/0000-0002-3469-7446 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1357 EP 1365 AR PII S0029-5515(02)54939-9 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/12/302 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632DM UT WOS:000180208500003 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Prater, R Lohr, J Luce, TC Fox, WR Harvey, RW Kinsey, JE Lao, LL Makowski, MA AF Petty, CC Prater, R Lohr, J Luce, TC Fox, WR Harvey, RW Kinsey, JE Lao, LL Makowski, MA TI Detailed measurements of the electron cyclotron current drive efficiency on DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; STARK-EFFECT MEASUREMENTS; PBX-M TOKAMAK; NONINDUCTIVE CURRENT; CURRENT PROFILE; T-10 TOKAMAK; ENHANCED CONFINEMENT; CURRENT GENERATION; ASDEX UPGRADE; PLASMA AB Electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) experiments on the DIII-D tokamak are solidifying the physics basis for localized, off-axis current drive, the goal being to validate a predictive model for ECCD. The ECCD profiles are determined from the magnetic field pitch angles measured by motional Stark effect polarimetry. The measured ECCD switches from the co- to the counter-direction as the toroidal injection angle is varied with a profile width that is in accordance with ray tracing calculations. Tests of electron trapping in low beta plasmas show that the ECCD efficiency decreases rapidly as the deposition is moved off-axis and towards the outboard side of the plasma, but the detrimental effects of electron trapping on the current drive are greatly reduced in high beta plasmas. Overall, the measured ECCD is in good agreement with theoretical calculations using a quasilinear Fokker-Planck code over a wide range of injection angles and plasma parameters. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 77 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1366 EP 1375 AR PII S0029-5515(02)54524-5 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/12/303 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632DM UT WOS:000180208500004 ER PT J AU Budny, RV AF Budny, RV TI Fusion alpha parameters in tokamaks with high DT fusion rates SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM PLASMAS; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; IGNITER EXPERIMENT; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; MODEL; JET AB Fusion alpha parameters are calculated for tokamaks with high DT fusion rates using the TRANSP plasma analysis code. Parameters include the fast alpha density n(alpha) fast alpha pressure normalized to magnetic field energy beta(alpha), and its normalized gradient - R x del (beta(alpha)). The plasma conditions are taken from the plasmas in TFTR and JET with the highest DT fusion rates, and from plasmas in the proposed IGNITOR, FIRE, and ITER-FEAT tokamaks. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Budny, RV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1383 EP 1393 AR PII S0029-5515(02)55646-5 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/12/305 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632DM UT WOS:000180208500006 ER PT J AU Krueger, F Larson, J AF Krueger, F Larson, J TI Chipmunk IV: development of and experience with a new generation of radiation area monitors for accelerator applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiation monitor; tissue equivalent ionization chamber; accelerators AB The operation of a high-energy accelerator complex presents challenging problems for radiation monitoring during "beam-on" conditions. As a response to these needs, Fermilab has developed several families of radiation monitoring instruments intended for use under beam-on conditions. One of these instruments is a tissue equivalent, ion chamber based, area monitor called a "Chipmunk". This article describes the latest version of these monitors, specifically the Chipmunk IV, as developed at Fermilab. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Krueger, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 338, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 495 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01431-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01431-6 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 621JT UT WOS:000179585800003 ER PT J AU Dattoli, G Giannessi, L Ottaviani, PL Freund, HP Biedron, SG Milton, S AF Dattoli, G Giannessi, L Ottaviani, PL Freund, HP Biedron, SG Milton, S TI Two harmonic undulators and harmonic generation in high gain free electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID WIGGLER AB We consider an undulator scheme to enhance harmonic generation in high gain free electron lasers. The configuration we consider consists of an undulator providing an on axis field oscillating in both transverse directions, with relatively integer multiple spatial periods. We discuss the spectral properties of the radiation emitted by relativistic electrons crossing this undulator and derive the equations describing the free electron laser evolution. We show that a device, exploiting such an undulator configuration, is a fairly useful tool to obtain simultaneous laser power at different harmonics. The analysis of the system evolution is achieved with two different simulation codes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, Dipartimento Innovaz, Div Fis Appicata, Ctr Ric Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dattoli, G (reprint author), ENEA, Dipartimento Innovaz, Div Fis Appicata, Ctr Ric Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 45,CP 65, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RI Giannessi, Luca/D-3117-2013 OI Giannessi, Luca/0000-0002-7643-9840 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 495 IS 1 BP 48 EP 57 AR PII S0168-90022(02)01281-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01281-0 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 621JT UT WOS:000179585800006 ER PT J AU Camp, DC Martz, HE Roberson, GP Decman, DJ Bernardi, RT AF Camp, DC Martz, HE Roberson, GP Decman, DJ Bernardi, RT TI Nondestructive waste-drum assay for transuranic content by gamma-ray active and passive computed tomography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE nondestructive assay; transuranic isotopes; gamma-ray spectroscopy; active (transmission) and passive (emission); computed tomography ID RADIOACTIVE-WASTE AB A gamma-ray-based, active (A) and passive (P) computed tomography (CT) technology has been developed that locates, identifies and quantifies gamma-ray emitting isotopes, transuranic (TRU) and others, in nuclear waste drums. ACT uses a collimated external source and a HPGe detector to measure selected mono-energetic gamma-rays that are attenuated by waste-drum contents; a separate PCT measurement uses the HPGe detector to record the spectra of gamma-rays emitted from within a drum. The ACT attenuation images and the PCT emission spectra are coupled to quantitatively assay drum contents for similar to0.1-200g of TRU isotopes. Calibration requires a single measurement of a known radioactive standard; construction of waste-drum surrogates is not required. Fixed and mobile systems demonstrated compliance with a DOE quality assurance program via several independent blind tests. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bio Imaging Res Inc, Lincolnshire, IL 60069 USA. RP Martz, HE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 495 IS 1 BP 69 EP 83 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01315-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01315-3 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 621JT UT WOS:000179585800009 ER PT J AU Cholewa, M Dillon, C Lay, P Phillips, D Talarico, T Lai, B Balaic, DX Barnea, Z Cai, Z Deacon, GB Ilinski, P Legnini, D Rainone, S Shea-McCarthy, G Stampfi, APJ Webster, LK Yun, W AF Cholewa, M Dillon, C Lay, P Phillips, D Talarico, T Lai, B Balaic, DX Barnea, Z Cai, Z Deacon, GB Ilinski, P Legnini, D Rainone, S Shea-McCarthy, G Stampfi, APJ Webster, LK Yun, W TI High resolution nuclear and X-ray microprobes and their applications in single cell analysis (vol 181, pg 715, 2001) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Correction C1 Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. La Trobe Univ, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cholewa, M (reprint author), Inst Nucl Phys, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RI Cholewa, Marian/C-9474-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2002 VL 198 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 109 AR PII S0168-583X(02)01471-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01471-4 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 624RQ UT WOS:000179775100015 ER PT J AU Greene, GA Finfrock, CC Snead, CL Hanson, AL Murray, MM AF Greene, GA Finfrock, CC Snead, CL Hanson, AL Murray, MM TI Energy deposition in a thin copper target downstream and off-axis of a proton-radiography target SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE protons; energy deposition; spallation; superconducting; magnets; cryogenic; liquid helium AB A series of proton energy-deposition experiments was conducted to measure the energy deposited in a copper target located downstream and off-axis of a high-energy proton-radiography target. The proton/target interactions involved low-intensity bunches of protons at 24 GeV/c onto a spherical target consisting of concentric shells of tungsten and copper. The energy-deposition target was placed at five locations downstream of the proton-radiography target, off-axis of the primary beam transport, and was either unshielded or shielded by 5 or 10 cm of lead. Maximum temperature rises measured in the energy-deposition target due to single bunches of 5 x 10(10) protons on the proton-radiography target were approximately 20 mK per bunch. The data indicated that the scattered radiation was concentrated close to the primary transport axis of the beam line. The energy deposited in the energy-deposition target was reduced by moving the target radially away from the primary transport axis. Placing lead shielding in front of the target further reduced the energy deposition. The measured temperature rises of the energy-deposition target were empirically correlated with the distance from the source, the number of protons incident on the proton-radiography target, the thickness of the lead shielding, and the angle of the energy-deposition target off-axis of the beam line from the proton-radiography target. The correlation of the experimental data that was developed provides a starting point for the evaluation of the shielding requirements for devices downstream of proton-radiography targets such as superconducting magnets. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greene, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD DEC PY 2002 VL 197 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 258 AR PII S0168-583X(02)01342-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)01342-3 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 624LA UT WOS:000179760100006 ER PT J AU Smith, LE Abdurrahman, NM AF Smith, LE Abdurrahman, NM TI Neutron spectrometry for the assay of high fissile content spent fuel SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead spectrometer; irradiated fuel assay; neutron slowing-down spectrometry AB A Monte Carlo study of the neutron slowing-down spectrometry technique for measuring fissile isotopic content in irradiated fuel has been completed. The neutron spectrometer system is characterized in terms of design, slowing-down time relation, isotopic response functions, and assay signals. The nonlinear effect of interrogating neutron self-shielding for a high fissile content fuel is compared to the same parameter for a low fissile content fuel. Simulated assays of 23 different fuel assemblies with a broad range of total fissile mass content (1.3 to 83 wt%) and fissile isotopic ratios are performed and analyzed using two different methods: a linear system model using a least-squares regression analysis and a radial basis neural network. Mean errors using the linear system model for the 23 different fuel types were approximately 20% for U-235 and 43% for total plutonium. The radial basis neural network assay signal solutions showed promising results, considerably better than the linear model: 4.9% for U-235, 5.4% for total plutonium, and 0.5% for total fissile content. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Flour Hanford Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, POB 999,MSIN P8-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 140 IS 3 BP 328 EP 349 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 622MV UT WOS:000179651600008 ER PT J AU Mowery, AL AF Mowery, AL TI Summary of research on light water reactor improvement concepts SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE light water reactor; reactor improvement; fuel efficiency AB The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency of the U.S. Department of State instituted a study aimed at improving the light water reactor (LWR) fuel consumption efficiency as an alternative to fuel recycle in the late 1970s. Comparison of the neutron balance tables of an LWR (1982 design) and an "advanced" Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) reactor explained that the relatively low fuel efficiency of the LWR was not primarily a consequence of water moderator absorptions. Rather, the comparatively low LWR fuel efficiency resulted from its use of poison to hold down startup reactivity together with other neutron losses. The research showed that each neutron saved could reduce fuel consumption by about 5%. In a typical LWR some 5 neutrons (out of 100) were absorbed in control poisons over a cycle. There are even more parasitic and leakage neutron absorptions. The objective of the research was to find ways to minimize control, parasitic, and other neutron losses aimed at improved LWR fuel consumption. Further research developed the concept of "putting neutrons in the bank" in U-238 early in life and "drawing them out of the bank" late in life by burning the Pu-239 produced. Conceptual designs were explored that could both control the reactor and substantially improve fuel efficiency and minimize separative work requirements. The U.S. Department of Energy augmented its high burnup fuel program based on the research in the late 1970s. As a result of the success of this program, fuel burnup in U.S. LWRs has almost doubled in the intervening two decades. C1 US DOE, Space Nucl Syst Off, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Mowery, AL (reprint author), 10900 Grand Haven Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89134 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 140 IS 3 BP 350 EP 355 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 622MV UT WOS:000179651600009 ER PT J AU Levi, O Pinguet, TJ Skauli, T Eyres, LA Parameswaran, KR Harris, JS Fejer, MM Kulp, TJ Bisson, SE Gerard, B Lallier, E Becouarn, L AF Levi, O Pinguet, TJ Skauli, T Eyres, LA Parameswaran, KR Harris, JS Fejer, MM Kulp, TJ Bisson, SE Gerard, B Lallier, E Becouarn, L TI Difference frequency generation of 8-mu m radiation in orientation-patterned GaAs SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BONDED-STACKED GAAS; PHASE-MATCHED GAAS AB First-order quasi-phase-matched difference frequency generation of narrowband tunable mid-infrared light is demonstrated in orientation-patterned GaAs. The all-epitaxial orientation-patterned crystal is fabricated by a combination of molecular beam epitaxy and hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Lasers at 1.3 and 1.55 mum were mixed to give an idler output at 8 mum, with power and wavelength tuning consistent with theoretical estimates, indicating excellent material uniformity over the 19-mm-long and 500-mum-thick device. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Diagnost & Remote Sensing Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Thales, Cent Rech Lab, F-91404 Orsay, France. RP Levi, O (reprint author), Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 20 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 23 BP 2091 EP 2093 DI 10.1364/OL.27.002091 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 621AC UT WOS:000179565500011 PM 18033451 ER PT J AU Heutz, S Ferguson, AJ Rumbles, G Jones, TS AF Heutz, S Ferguson, AJ Rumbles, G Jones, TS TI Morphology, structure and photophysics of thin films of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM DEPOSITION; CHARGE-TRANSFER EXCITONS; EXTENDED EXCITONS; PTCDA; PHTHALOCYANINE AB The influence of the growth conditions on the properties of PTCDA thin films deposited by organic molecular beam deposition on glass substrates is presented. Powder X-ray diffraction studies show that only the alpha polymorph is formed, regardless of the growth conditions. By contrast, the film morphology depends specifically, upon the deposition parameters, the observed crystal size increasing with growth temperature or after post-growth annealing. The spectroscopic properties (electronic absorption, fluorescence excitation and emission) are also found to be influenced by heat treatment and these are correlated with the changing crystal size in the PTCDA films. A qualitative model is presented in order to account for the photophysical properties of the films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Ctr Elect Mat & Devices, London SW7 2AY, England. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Jones, TS (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Ctr Elect Mat & Devices, London SW7 2AY, England. OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462; Ferguson, Andrew/0000-0003-2544-1753 NR 21 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 3 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 127 AR PII S1566-1199(02)00049-6 DI 10.1016/S1566-1199(02)00049-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 642WL UT WOS:000180828400004 ER PT J AU Haynes, JA Pint, BA More, KL Zhang, Y Wright, IG AF Haynes, JA Pint, BA More, KL Zhang, Y Wright, IG TI Influence of sulfur, platinum, and hafnium on the oxidation behavior of CVD NiAl bond coatings SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE aluminide bond coating; sulfur; platinum; hafnium; voids ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; ALUMINA SCALES; AIRCRAFT ENGINES; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION; ADHESION; IMPURITY AB The influences of S, Pt, and Hf on the oxidation behavior of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) NiAl bond coatings on high-S and low-S superalloys were investigated. Cyclic and isothermal-oxidation testing at 1150degreesC revealed that alumina-scale adherence to NiAl coatings was very sensitive to substrate S impurities. Scale spallation, as well as the growth of voids at the oxide-metal interface, increased as S increased. However, Pt-modified coatings were not sensitive to S, and did not form voids at the oxide-metal interface. Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that alumina scales formed on (Ni,Pt) Al had Hf ions (from the superalloy) segregated to grain boundaries, whereas Hf was not detected in the alumina scale formed on NiAl coatings. Results suggested that the detrimental influence of S on scale adherence to NiAl is primarily related to void growth, which is eliminated or significantly reduced in Pt-modified coatings. A simple model relating void growth to excess vacancies and sulfur segregation is proposed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wright, Ian/A-8300-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 56 TC 117 Z9 121 U1 10 U2 60 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5-6 BP 513 EP 544 DI 10.1023/A:1020525123056 PG 32 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 601FP UT WOS:000178436100006 ER PT J AU Norris, B Balay, S Benson, S Freitag, L Hovland, P McInnes, L Barry, S AF Norris, B Balay, S Benson, S Freitag, L Hovland, P McInnes, L Barry, S TI Parallel components for PDEs and optimization: some issues and experiences SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE component-based software; scientific computing; parallel computing; interface specification ID MESH AB High-performance simulations in computational science often involve the combined software contributions of multidisciplinary teams of scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and computer scientists. One goal of component-based software engineering in large-scale scientific simulations is, to help manage such complexity by enabling better interoperability among codes developed by different groups. This paper discusses recent work on building component interfaces and implementations in parallel numerical toolkits for mesh manipulations, discretization, linear algebra, and optimization. We consider several motivating applications involving partial differential equations and unconstrained minimization to demonstrate this approach and evaluate performance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM norris@mcs.anl.gov; balay@mcs.anl.gov; benson@mcs.anl.gov; freitag@mcs.anl.gov; hovland@mcs.anl.gov; mcinnes@mcs.anl.gov; bsmith@mcs.anl.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 EI 1872-7336 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1831 AR PII S0167-8191(02)00191-6 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(02)00191-6 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 621ZV UT WOS:000179622200010 ER PT J AU Blaisdell, J Mohrenweiser, H Jackson, J Ferguson, S Coulter, S Chanas, B Xi, T Ghanayem, B Goldstein, JA AF Blaisdell, J Mohrenweiser, H Jackson, J Ferguson, S Coulter, S Chanas, B Xi, T Ghanayem, B Goldstein, JA TI Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19 SO PHARMACOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE CYP2C19; polymorphisms; mephenytoin; cytochrome P450; drug metabolism ID S-MEPHENYTOIN 4'-HYDROXYLATION; POOR METABOLIZER PHENOTYPE; GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; DOSE REQUIREMENT; HYDROXYLATION; PHARMACOKINETICS; CYTOCHROME-P450; DEBRISOQUIN; SUBFAMILY AB CYP2C19 is a clinically important enzyme responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic drugs, such as S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, diazepam, proguanil, propranolol and certain antidepressants. Genetic polymorphisms in this enzyme result in poor metabolizers of these drugs. There are racial differences in the incidence of the poor metabolizer trait, which represents 13-23% of Asians but only 3-5% of Caucasians. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2C19 were identified by direct sequencing of genomic DNA from 92 individuals from three different racial groups of varied ethnic background, including Caucasians, Asians and blacks. Several new alleles were identified containing the coding changes Arg(144)His (CYP2C19*9), Pro(227)Leu (CYP2C19* 10), Arg(150)His (Cyp2C19* 11), stop(491)Cys (CYP2C19* 12), Arg(410)Cys (CYP2C19* 13), Leu(17)Pro (CYP2C19* 14) and Ile(19)Leu (CYP2C19* 15). When expressed in a bacterial cDNA expression system, CYP2C19*9 exhibited a modest decrease in the V-max. for 4'-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin, and no alteration in its affinity for reductase. CYP2C19* 10 exhibited a dramatically higher K-m and lower V-max for mephenytoin. CYP2C19* 12 was unstable and expressed poorly in a bacterial cDNA expression system. Clinical studies will be required to confirm whether this allele is defective in vivo. CYP2C19*9, CYP2C19*10 and CYP2C19*12 all occurred in African-Americans, or individuals of African descent, and represent new potentially defective alleles of CYP2C19 which are predicted to alter risk of these populations to clinically important drugs. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Goldstein, JA (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012; OI Coulter, Sherry/0000-0002-2732-3470 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-8054-05] NR 33 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0960-314X J9 PHARMACOGENETICS JI Pharmacogenetics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 12 IS 9 BP 703 EP 711 DI 10.1097/00008571-200212000-00004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 631MN UT WOS:000180171700004 PM 12464799 ER PT J AU Lawson, AC Roberts, JA Martinez, B Richardson, JW AF Lawson, AC Roberts, JA Martinez, B Richardson, JW TI Invar effect in Pu-Ga alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB We show that the anomalous thermal expansion behaviour of Pu-Ga alloys can be explained by an Invar effect, which is modelled by assuming the thermal transfer of Pu atoms from a lower-energy higher-volume delta(1) state to a higher-energy lower-volume delta(2) state. The energy separation of these states is found to be 1400 K from a fit to the available neutron diffraction data on the lattice constants of Pu-Ga alloys. The Invar model enables a precise evaluation of the coefficient of thermal expansion and of the Gruneisen constant. The addition of Ga forces a stabilization of the delta(2) state and suppresses the negative thermal expansion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lawson, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 82 IS 18 BP 1837 EP 1845 DI 10.1080/1364281021000040396 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 638HF UT WOS:000180565000002 ER PT J AU Mitsuishi, K Chatain, D Dahmen, U AF Mitsuishi, K Chatain, D Dahmen, U TI The stability of a double-slab configuration of two-phase particles confined in a third phase SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; INCLUSIONS; MORPHOLOGY; SILICON; SHAPE AB The stability of a double-slab configuration of two-phase particles confined in a third phase is studied as a function of shape in two and three dimensions. The condition of stability against splitting one phase in the particle into two separate identical slabs is shown to be the sum of the wetting factor and the change in the interface area relative to the shape of the two-phase particle. It is found that the double-slab configuration can be stable for a wide range of wetting factors and shapes. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. CNRS, Ctr Rech Mecanismes Croissance Cristalline, F-13288 Marseille, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mitsuishi, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. OI Chatain, Dominique/0000-0002-9654-7291 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 82 IS 12 BP 695 EP 702 DI 10.1080/0950083021000030733 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 625MG UT WOS:000179819800006 ER PT J AU Liang, R Bonn, DA Hardy, WN Wynn, JC Moler, KA Lu, L Larochelle, S Zhou, L Greven, M Lurio, L Mochrie, SGJ AF Liang, R Bonn, DA Hardy, WN Wynn, JC Moler, KA Lu, L Larochelle, S Zhou, L Greven, M Lurio, L Mochrie, SGJ TI Preparation and characterization of homogeneous YBCO single crystals with doping level near the SC-AFM boundary SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO; preparation; low doping; SC-AFM boundary; ortho-II phase ID STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS; BAZRO3 CRUCIBLES; GAUGE-THEORY; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; YBA2CU3O6+X; QUALITY; PHASE; MODEL AB High-purity and homogeneous YBa2Cu3Oy single crystals with carrier doping level near the AFM-SC boundary have been obtained in the oxygen content range between y = 6.340 and 6.370. The crystals are ortho-II phase at room temperature and undergo the orthorhombic to tetragonal transition at about 140 degreesC. They show sharp superconducting transitions, with T-c between 4 and 20 K. T-c changes by 0.8 K when the oxygen content y is changed by 0.001, and is also sensitive to annealing conditions near room temperature, due to the dependence of doping on oxygen ordering correlation lengths. Crystals with oxygen content y lower than 6.345 are non-superconducting. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Yale Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Liang, R (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM liang@physica.ubc.ca RI Guikema, Janice/A-5931-2009; Moler, Kathryn/F-2541-2011 OI Guikema, Janice/0000-0002-8287-4814; NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 383 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 7 AR PII S0921-4534(02)01269-8 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(02)01269-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617HF UT WOS:000179355700001 ER PT J AU Davydov, VY Klochikhin, AA Emtsev, VV Kurdyukov, DA Ivanov, SV Vekshin, VA Bechstedt, F Furthmuller, J Aderhold, J Graul, J Mudryi, AV Harima, H Hashimoto, A Yamamoto, A Haller, EE AF Davydov, VY Klochikhin, AA Emtsev, VV Kurdyukov, DA Ivanov, SV Vekshin, VA Bechstedt, F Furthmuller, J Aderhold, J Graul, J Mudryi, AV Harima, H Hashimoto, A Yamamoto, A Haller, EE TI Band gap of hexagonal InN and InGaN alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN 2002) CY JUL 22-25, 2002 CL AACHEN, GERMANY ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FILMS; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH AB A survey of most recent studies of optical absorption, photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, and photomodulated reflectance spectra of single-crystalline hexagonal InN layers is presented. The samples studied were undoped n-type InN with electron concentrations between 6 x 10(18) and 4 x 10(19) cm(-3). It has been found that hexagonal InN is a narrow-gap semiconductor with a band gap of about 0.7 eV, which is much lower than the band gap cited in the literature. We also describe optical investigations of In-rich InxGa1-xN alloy layers (0.36 < x < 1) which have shown that the bowing parameter of b similar to 2.5 eV allows one to reconcile our results and the literature data for the band gap of InxGa1-xN alloys over the entire composition region. Special attention is paid to the effects of post-growth treatment of InN crystals. It is shown that annealing in vacuum leads to a decrease in electron concentration and considerable homogenization of the optical characteristics of InN samples, At the same time, annealing in an oxygen atmosphere leads to formation of optically transparent alloys of InN-In2O3 type, the band gap of which reaches approximately 2 eV at an oxygen concentration of about 20%. It is evident from photoluminescence spectra that the samples saturated partially by oxygen still contain fragments of InN of mesoscopic size. C1 RAS, Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188350, Russia. Univ Jena, Inst Festkopertheorie & Theoret opt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Univ Hannover, LFI, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Belarus Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Informat Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. Fukui Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Fukui 9108507, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Davydov, VY (reprint author), RAS, Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM valery.davydov@mail.ioffe.ru RI Furthmueller, Juergen/B-2346-2008; Davydov, Valery/E-6060-2010; Ivanov, Sergey/C-1177-2014; Kurdyukov, Dmitry/E-6201-2014 NR 15 TC 236 Z9 242 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 234 IS 3 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(200212)234:3<787::AID-PSSB787>3.0.CO;2-H PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 629EV UT WOS:000180038200023 ER PT J AU Covington, AM Aguilar, A Covington, IR Gharaibeh, MF Hinojosa, G Shirley, CA Phaneuf, RA Alvarez, I Cisneros, C Dominguez-Lopez, I Sant'Anna, MM Schlachter, AS McLaughlin, BM Dalgarno, A AF Covington, AM Aguilar, A Covington, IR Gharaibeh, MF Hinojosa, G Shirley, CA Phaneuf, RA Alvarez, I Cisneros, C Dominguez-Lopez, I Sant'Anna, MM Schlachter, AS McLaughlin, BM Dalgarno, A TI Photoionization of Ne+ using synchrotron radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC FLUORINE; IONS; NEON; C+ AB Absolute measurements of cross sections for photoionization of a statistical admixture of Ne+ in the P-2(3/2)0 ground state and the P-2(1/2)0 metastable state are reported in the energy range 40-71 eV at photon energy resolutions ranging from 22 meV to 2 meV. The experiments were performed using synchrotron radiation from an undulator beamline of the Advanced Light Source with a newly developed ion-photon-beam endstation. The data are characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed upon a direct photoionization background cross section where some of the observed resonance line shapes show evidence of interference between the direct and indirect photoionization channels. The resonance features are assigned spectroscopically, and their energies and quantum defects are tabulated. The experimental photoionization cross sections are in satisfactory agreement with the predictions from theoretical calculations performed in intermediate coupling using the semirelativistic Breit-Pauli approximation with ten states. The resonances nearest to the ionization thresholds exhibit anomalous behavior with respect to their positions and strengths due to the presence of interloping resonances associated with higher-lying ionic states causing disruption of the regular Rydberg, spectral pattern. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, MS 220, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/B-6072-2016 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799; Dominguez-Lopez, Ivan/0000-0001-8084-8711 NR 32 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 062710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.062710 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000180656800062 ER PT J AU Gaston, N Schwerdtfeger, P AF Gaston, N Schwerdtfeger, P TI Ionization, potentials of internal conversion electrons for the superheavy elements 112, 114, 116, and 118 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID STRONG COULOMB FIELD; BREIT INTERACTION; SELF-ENERGY; MANY-BODY; FOCK CALCULATIONS; HEAVY ATOMS; DIRAC-FOCK; NUCLEI; NO-254; SPECTROSCOPY AB K-shell (1s) and L-shell (2s) ionization potentials for the superheavy elements with Z = 112, 114, 116, and 118 are predicted to an accuracy of a few 10 eV using Dirac-Hartree-Fock theory and taking into account quantum electrodynamic and nuclear-size effects. The data obtained are for any number of electrons and can be used in the future in theoretical and experimental studies of these elements involving K-electron conversion spectroscopy. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Schwerdtfeger, P (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. RI Gaston, Nicola/D-3394-2015 NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 062505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.062505 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000180656800050 ER PT J AU Gurvits, L Barnum, H AF Gurvits, L Barnum, H TI Largest separable balls around the maximally mixed bipartite quantum state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; SET AB For finite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems, we find the exact size of the largest balls, in spectral l(p) norms for 1 less than or equal to p less than or equal to infinity, of separable (unentangled) matrices around the identity matrix. This implies a simple and intuitively meaningful geometrical sufficient condition for separability of bipartite density matrices: that their, p purity tr rho(2) not be too large. Theoretical and experimental applications of these results include algorithmic problems such as computing whether or not a state is entangled, and practical ones such as obtaining information about the existence or nature of entanglement in states reached by nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computation implementations or other experimental situations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CC-3,Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 062311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.66.062311 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 639YA UT WOS:000180656800034 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA TI Resonant tunneling through two symmetric centers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; LA2-XSRXCUO4 AB A one-dimensional model of resonant tunneling through two symmetric localized centers is considered. The goal is to get an idea of the mechanism of c-axis transport in layered cuprates of the 214 family, where the doping is not by increasing of the oxygen content but by substitution of La by atoms of other valences. It is shown that two cases are possible. If the distance between the resonant sites is less than one half of the barrier thickness, the dependence on energy of the tunneling probability (transparency coefficient) contains two close maxima divided by a deep minimum. The transparency in the maxima is of the order of unity. In the opposite case the maxima merge into one, and the transparency is exponentially small, although much larger than the probability of direct tunneling. The structure of La2-xSrxCuO4 corresponds to the first case. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 AR 212501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.212501 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634AX UT WOS:000180318800020 ER PT J AU Agterberg, DF Demler, E Janko, B AF Agterberg, DF Demler, E Janko, B TI Josephson effects between multigap and single-gap superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MGB2; JUNCTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; STATE; PHASE; SHIFT AB Multigap superconductors can exhibit qualitatively different phenomena due to the existence of multiple order parameters. Repulsive electronic interactions may give rise to a phase difference of pi between the phases of the order parameters. Collective modes due to the oscillation of the relative phases of these order parameters are also possible. Here we show that both these phenomena are observable in Josephson junctions between a single-gap and a multi-gap superconductor. In particular, a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the Josephson current through the junction reveals the existence of the pi phase differences in the multi-gap superconductor. This mechanism may be relevant for understanding several experiments on the Josephson junctions with unconventional superconductors. We also discuss how the presence of the collective mode resonantly enhances the dc Josephson current when the voltage across the junction matches the mode frequency. We suggest that our results may apply to MgB2, 2H-NbSe2, spin ladder, and bilayer cuprates. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 01238 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46617 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Agterberg, DF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 AR 214507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.214507 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634AX UT WOS:000180318800084 ER PT J AU An, JM Savrasov, SY Rosner, H Pickett, WE AF An, JM Savrasov, SY Rosner, H Pickett, WE TI Extreme electron-phonon coupling in boron-based layered superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LINEAR-RESPONSE THEORY; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; MGB2; SCATTERING; ANHARMONICITY AB The phonon-mode decomposition of the electron-phonon coupling in the MgB2-like system Li1-xBC is explored using first-principles calculations. It is found that the high-temperature superconductivity of such systems results from extremely strong coupling up to only similar to2% of the phonon modes. Noteworthy characteristics of E-2g branches include (1) "mode lambda" values of 25 and greater compared to a mean of similar to0.4 for other modes, (2) a precipitous Kohn anomaly, and (3) E-2g phonon linewidths within a factor of similar to2 of the frequency itself, indicating impending breakdown of conventional electron-phonon theory. This behavior in borne out by recent inelastic x-ray scattering studies of MgB2 by Shukla et al. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP An, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Savrasov, Sergey/M-7157-2015 NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 220502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000013 ER PT J AU Bang, Y Martin, I Balatsky, AV AF Bang, Y Martin, I Balatsky, AV TI Critical magnetic-fluctuations-induced superconductivity and residual density of states in the CeRhIn5 superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CEIRIN5; OXIDES AB We propose a multiband extension of the spin-fermion model to address the superconducting d-wave pairing due to magnetic interaction near the critical point. We solve the unrestricted gap equation with a general d-wave symmetry gap, and find that the divergent magnetic correlation length xi leads to the very unharmonic shape of the gap function with shallow gap regions near the nodes. These regions are extremely sensitive to disorder. A small impurity concentration induces a substantial residual density of states. We argue that we can understand the large N-res(0)=lim(T-->0)C(p)(T)/T value and its pressure dependence of the recently discovered CeRhIn5 superconductor under pressure within this approach. C1 Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Bang, Y (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000066 ER PT J AU Capogrosso-Sansone, B Guyer, RA AF Capogrosso-Sansone, B Guyer, RA TI Dynamic model of hysteretic elastic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ROCK AB A model for the dynamical behavior of a hysteretic elastic system is introduced and studied numerically. This model consists of a chain of hysteretic elastic elements. Each elastic element is a spring with properties that depend on an Ising-like state variable having Brownian dynamics in an energy landscape with structure that is sensitive to the forces which the elastic element must support. A single elastic element is studied carefully, numerically in order to establish its basic behavior. A one dimensional chain of N = 500 elastic elements, driven like a resonant bar, is studied numerically. The data from this study are analyzed by the methods employed in analyzing similar experimental data. The behavior of the numerical model compares well with the behavior of physical realizations of hysteretic elastic systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Capogrosso-Sansone, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012 OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224101 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000018 ER PT J AU Elistratov, AA Vodolazov, DY Maksimov, IL Clem, JR AF Elistratov, AA Vodolazov, DY Maksimov, IL Clem, JR TI Field-dependent critical current in type-II superconducting strips: Combined effect of bulk pinning and geometrical edge barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-STATE; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE; TRANSPORT AB Recent theoretical and experimental research on low-bulk-pinning superconducting strips has revealed striking domelike magnetic-field distributions due to geometrical edge barriers. The observed magnetic-flux profiles differ strongly from those in strips in which bulk pinning is dominant. In this paper we theoretically describe the current and field distributions of a superconducting strip under the combined influence of both a geometrical edge barrier and bulk pinning at the strip's critical current I-c, where a longitudinal voltage first appears. We calculate I-c and find its dependence upon a perpendicular applied magnetic field H-a. The behavior is governed by a parameter p, defined as the ratio of the bulk-pinning critical current I-p to the geometrical-barrier critical current I-s0. We find that when p>2/pi and I-p is field independent, I-c vs H-a exhibits a plateau for small H-a, followed by the dependence I-c-I(p)proportional toH(a)(-1) in higher magnetic fields. C1 Nizhny Novgorod Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Elistratov, AA (reprint author), Nizhny Novgorod Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 220506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000017 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Seo, JW Fitzsimmons, MR Siegwart, H Fompeyrine, J Locquet, JP Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF AF Hoffmann, A Seo, JW Fitzsimmons, MR Siegwart, H Fompeyrine, J Locquet, JP Dura, JA Majkrzak, CF TI Induced magnetic moments at a ferromagnet-antiferromagnet interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE EXCHANGE BIAS; DOMAIN STATE MODEL; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; SPIN STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; BILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; LAYER AB We have studied the magnetization depth profile in a Co/LaFeO3 exchange bias system with polarized neutron reflectometry. In the exchange biased state we observe differences between the reflectivity profiles when the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer is saturated either parallel or antiparallel to the cooling field. This difference vanishes above the blocking temperature. Since the reflectivity profiles are directly related to the Fourier components of the magnetization depth profile, this data suggest that a net moment develops within the antiferromagnetic layer close to the interface with the ferromagnetic layer, which remains unchanged during the magnetic-field cycling and is coupled antiferromagnetically to the ferromagnet. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Phys, CH-2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. IBM Corp, Div Res, Zurich Res Lab, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Seo, Jin Won/J-3980-2013 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Seo, Jin Won/0000-0003-4937-0769 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 220406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000010 ER PT J AU Koshelev, AE AF Koshelev, AE TI Edge critical currents of dense Josephson vortex lattice in layered superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL WHISKERS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; JUNCTIONS; VORTICES; BI2SR2CACU2O8+Y; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB We calculate the field dependence of the critical current for the dense Josephson vortex lattice which is created by a large magnetic field B applied along the layers of atomically layered superconductors. In clean samples a finite critical current appears due to the interaction of the lattice with the boundaries. The boundary induces an alternating deformation of the lattice decaying inside the sample at the typical length, which is larger than the Josephson length and increases proportionally to the magnetic field. The exact shape of this deformation and the total current flowing along the surface are uniquely determined by the position of the lattice in the bulk. The total maximum Josephson current has an overall 1/B dependence with strong oscillations. In contrast to the well-known Fraunhofer dependence, the period of oscillations corresponds to adding one flux quantum per two junctions. Due to the interaction with the boundaries, the flux-flow voltage for slow lattice motion also oscillates with field, in agreement with recent experiments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 28 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224514 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000079 ER PT J AU Macquart, R Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T Howard, CJ AF Macquart, R Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T Howard, CJ TI Phase transition in BaBi2Nb2O9: Implications for layered ferroelectrics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SR; CA AB Synchrotron powder diffraction methods have been used to determine the structure of the layered ferroelectric oxide BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) above and below its Curie temperature. Although BBN is found to be tetragonal above and below the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition, there is clear evidence for a structural phase transition. The low-temperature ferroelectric structure is found to be well described in space group I4mm, while the high-temperature structure is in the more common I4/mmm space group. The identification of the low-temperature tetragonal structure resolves a long-standing question as to the origin of ferroelectric behavior in BBN and related oxides. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Macquart, R (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Howard, Christopher/B-5138-2009; Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 AR 212102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.212102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634AX UT WOS:000180318800002 ER PT J AU Madhavan, V Jamneala, T Nagaoka, K Chen, W Li, JL Louie, SG Crommie, MF AF Madhavan, V Jamneala, T Nagaoka, K Chen, W Li, JL Louie, SG Crommie, MF TI Observation of spectral evolution during the formation of a Ni-2 Kondo molecule SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE; DIMERS; IMPURITIES; SURFACE AB We have used atomic manipulation and scanning tunneling spectroscopy to study the evolution in electronic properties that occurs as two Ni atoms are merged into a single magnetic molecule on Au(111). We observe energetic shifting of molecular d-orbitals and a strong decrease in the molecular Kondo temperature as Ni-Ni separation is reduced to 3.4+/-0.3 Angstrom. These results are qualitatively explained by a combination of a spin-1/2 s-d model and density-functional calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Madhavan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 AR 212411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.212411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634AX UT WOS:000180318800017 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Egami, T Dmowski, W Gog, T Venkataraman, C AF Mamontov, E Egami, T Dmowski, W Gog, T Venkataraman, C TI Anisotropic covalent bonds in KNbO3 observed by resonant x-ray scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; CHARGE; PHASE; TRANSITIONS; ABSORPTION AB The resonant x-ray scattering technique was applied to study the directional covalent bonds (orbital ordering) in KNbO3 associated with ferroelectricity by scanning the incident x-ray energy through the K edge of niobium. The orbital ordering was determined by measuring the real part of the x-ray anomalous dispersion f', with the photon polarization parallel and perpendicular to the orbital ordering vector. The orbital characteristics were assessed through the dependence of f(') on the momentum transfer, Q, since the matrix element for the quadrupolar transition into the d states is dependent on Q, while that for the dipolar transition into the p state is not. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, CMC CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 224105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224105 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000022 ER PT J AU Mattsson, TR Mattsson, AE AF Mattsson, TR Mattsson, AE TI Calculating the vacancy formation energy in metals: Pt, Pd, and Mo SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; JELLIUM SURFACE-ENERGY; BCC TRANSITION-METALS; CENTERED CUBIC METALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; SOLIDS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MONOVACANCIES; APPROXIMATION AB The predictive power of first-principles calculations of vacancy formation energies in metals (Pt, Pd, Mo) is improved by adding a correction for the intrinsic surface error in current implementations of density functional theory. The derived correction is given as a function of electron density; it can be explicitly applied to a wide range of systems. Density functional theory, contrary to claims in previous work, underestimates the vacancy formation energy when structural relaxation is included. This is the case whether using the local density- or the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation energy. With corrections for the intrinsic surface error we reach excellent agreement between calculated values using the two exchange-correlation functionals. Our final values for the three vacancy formation energies are 1.16, 1.70, and 2.98 eV for Pt, Pd, and Mo, respectively. The numbers are in good agreement with experimental data. We also calculate the barrier for vacancy diffusion in Pt to 1.43 eV. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 37 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 AR 214110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.214110 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634AX UT WOS:000180318800039 ER PT J AU Nath, A Klencsar, Z Kuzmann, E Homonnay, Z Vertes, A Simopoulos, A Devlin, E Kallias, G Ramirez, AP Cava, RJ AF Nath, A Klencsar, Z Kuzmann, E Homonnay, Z Vertes, A Simopoulos, A Devlin, E Kallias, G Ramirez, AP Cava, RJ TI Nanoscale magnetism in the chalcogenide spinel FeCr2S4: Common origin of colossal magnetoresistivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE TL2MN2O7; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; EMISSION MOSSBAUER; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; MANGANITES; TRANSITION; ND0.5PB0.5MNO3; FERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; VALENCE AB Most of the models purporting to explain the intriguing observation of colossal magnetoresistivity (CMR) in manganites invoke double exchange (DE) electron transfer between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions, and coupling between the itinerant electrons and the dynamic Jahn-Teller (J-T) lattice distortions. Here we report using Mossbauer spectroscopy some very revealing commonalities in the magnetic behavior of FeCr2S4, which is representative of systems that do not exhibit DE electron transfer nor J-T distortions. These observations shed light on the origin of intrinsic CMR in general. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Nucl Methods Struct Chem, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Mat Sci, Athens 15310, Greece. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 21 AR 212401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.212401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 634AX UT WOS:000180318800007 ER PT J AU Ramazashvili, R AF Ramazashvili, R TI Ward identities for disordered metals and superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; SYMMETRY AB This paper revisits Ward identities for disordered interacting normal metals and superconductors. It offers a simple derivation based on gauge invariance and recasts the identities in a form that allows easy analysis of the quasiparticle charge conservation (as, e.g., in a normal metal) or nonconservation (as, e.g., in a d-wave superconductor). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ramazashvili, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ramazashvili, Revaz/J-5090-2013 OI Ramazashvili, Revaz/0000-0001-5133-8253 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 22 AR 220503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 633JH UT WOS:000180279000014 ER PT J AU Vakhrushev, SB Shapiro, SM AF Vakhrushev, SB Shapiro, SM TI Direct evidence of soft mode behavior near the Burns temperature in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 relaxor ferroelectric SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; TRANSITION DYNAMICS; CENTRAL PEAK; CRYSTALS AB Inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the relaxor ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) in the temperature range 490 KpiK in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The transverse momentum spectrum of (K-*0+(K) over bar (*0))/2 from central Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV is presented. The ratios of the K-*0 yield derived from these data to the yields of negative hadrons, charged kaons, and phi mesons have been measured in central and minimum bias collisions and compared with model predictions and comparable e(+)e(-), pp, and (p) over barp results. The data indicate no dramatic reduction of K-*0 production in relativistic heavy ion collisions despite expected losses due to rescattering effects. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Lab High Energy JINR, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab JINR, Dubna, Russia. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556 NR 39 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 061901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.061901 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900006 ER PT J AU Bass, SA Muller, B Srivastava, DK AF Bass, SA Muller, B Srivastava, DK TI Semihard scattering of partons at root s=17 vs 200 GeV: A study in contrast SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; HADRON PHASE-TRANSITION; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PB+PB COLLISIONS; 158A GEV; PHOTONS; EVOLUTION; RADIATION AB We analyze the contribution of perturbative QCD based semihard parton (re)scattering to the reaction dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at SPS and RHIC. While such processes are able to account for the measured yield of high-momentum direct photons at SPS energies, the conditions necessary for jet quenching are not fulfilled. The situation changes dramatically at RHIC energies. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Bass, SA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 061902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.061902 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900007 ER PT J AU Brown, TB Riley, MA Campbell, D Hartley, DJ Kondev, FG Pfohl, J Janssens, RVF Fischer, SM Nisius, D Fallon, P Ma, WC Simpson, J Sharpey-Schafer, JF AF Brown, TB Riley, MA Campbell, D Hartley, DJ Kondev, FG Pfohl, J Janssens, RVF Fischer, SM Nisius, D Fallon, P Ma, WC Simpson, J Sharpey-Schafer, JF TI Rotational band structures in N=89 Gd-153 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; IDENTICAL BANDS; HIGH-SPIN; YRAST LINE; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; DEFORMATION; ER-157; DY-156 AB The reactions Sm-152(alpha,3n) at 37 MeV and Sn-124(S-36,alpha3n) at 165 MeV were used to produce high-spin states in the transitional rare-earth nucleus Gd-153. Significant extensions in angular momentum and excitation energy with respect to earlier work were achieved and several new rotational sequences were observed. The rotational behavior of Gd-153 is described in terms of quasiparticle assignments and the observed alignment properties are analyzed within the framework of the cranked shell model. Detailed comparisons with other N=89 nuclei are presented. These have led to corrections to the Er-157 level scheme. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. iThemba Lab Accelerator Based Sci, ZA-7129 Somerset W, South Africa. RP Brown, TB (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.064320 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900031 ER PT J AU Capstick, S Page, PR AF Capstick, S Page, PR TI Hybrid and conventional baryons in the flux-tube model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL; CONSTITUENT GLUONS; GAUGE-THEORIES; MESONS; QCD; PHOTOPRODUCTION; HADRONS; CHROMODYNAMICS; BREAKING; NUMBER AB Conventional and hybrid light quark baryons are constructed in the nonrelativistic flux-tube model of Isgur and Paton, which is motivated by lattice QCD. The motion of the flux tube with the three quark positions fixed, except for center-of-mass corrections, is discussed. It is shown that the problem can be reduced to the independent motion of the junction and the strings connecting the junction to the quarks. The important role played by quark-exchange symmetry in constraining the flavor structure of (hybrid) baryons is emphasized. The flavor, quark spin S, and J(P) of the seven low-lying hybrid baryons are found to be (N,Delta)(2S+1)J(P)=N-2 1/2(+), N-2 3/2(+), Delta(4) 1/2(+), Delta(4) 3/2(+), Delta(4) 5/2(+), where the N-2 1/2(+) and N-2 3/2+ states are doublets. The motion of the three quarks in an adiabatic potential derived from the flux-tube dynamics is considered. A mass of 1870+/-100 MeV for the lightest nucleon hybrids is found by employing a variational method. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM capstick@csit.fsu.edu; prp@lanl.gov RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 065204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.065204 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900049 ER PT J AU Chow, JC King, JD Bateman, NPT Boyd, RN Buchmann, L D'Auria, JM Davinson, T Dombsky, M Gete, E Giesen, U Iliadis, C Jackson, KP Morton, AC Powell, J Shotter, A AF Chow, JC King, JD Bateman, NPT Boyd, RN Buchmann, L D'Auria, JM Davinson, T Dombsky, M Gete, E Giesen, U Iliadis, C Jackson, KP Morton, AC Powell, J Shotter, A TI beta-delayed particle decay of Ne-17 into p+alpha+C-12 through the isobaric analog state in F-17 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID C-12(ALPHA,GAMMA)O-16 CROSS-SECTION; ALPHA-SPECTRUM; PROTON DECAY; N-16 AB We have observed the breakup of the isobaric analog state at 11.193 MeV in F-17 into three particles via three channels: proton decay to the alpha-unbound 9.585 MeV state in O-16; and alpha decay to the proton-unbound 2.365 and 3.502/3.547 MeV states in N-13. Laboratory alpha-particle spectra corresponding to these three modes have been generated in Monte Carlo simulations using single-channel, single- and multilevel R-matrix formulas. A fit of these spectra to the alpha spectrum resulting from a triple-coincidence measurement results in excellent agreement with the experimental spectrum and allows branching ratios to be deduced for these rare decay modes. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chow, JC (reprint author), Bubble Technol Ind, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RI Morton, Colin/K-1561-2015 OI Morton, Colin/0000-0003-0214-7551 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.064316 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900027 ER PT J AU Ginocchio, JN AF Ginocchio, JN TI Pseudospin symmetry and relativistic mean field eigenfunctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON-NUCLEUS SCATTERING; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRANSITIONS; ALIGNMENT AB Pseudospin symmetry imposes conditions on the Dirac eigenfunctions independent of the potentials, from triaxial to spherical potentials. The general conditions on the relativistic mean field eigenfunctions in the pseudospin symmetry limit are derived. For the upper components, these conditions include differential realtions. These differential realtions are tested for realistic eigenfunctions in the spherical symmetry limit. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064312 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.064312 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900023 ER PT J AU Schramm, S AF Schramm, S TI Deformed nuclei in a chiral model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; EXCITATION; DEFORMATION; ENERGY AB We investigate the deformation properties of atomic nuclei in a hadronic chiral SUflavor(3) model approach. The parameters are fitted to hadron mass properties and adjustments for spherical finite nuclei have been performed. Using these parameters the deformation of a series of light and heavy nuclei are obtained in a two-dimensional self-consistent calculation. In addition a case of superdeformation in a heavy nucleus is studied. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schramm, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 064310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.66.064310 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 633JQ UT WOS:000180279900021 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA De, K de Jong, SJ Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Frame, KC Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Goncharov, PI Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kim, SK Klima, B Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Mutaf, Y Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nomerotski, A Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Roco, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Vertogradov, LS Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA De, K de Jong, SJ Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Frame, KC Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Goncharov, PI Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kim, SK Klima, B Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Mutaf, Y Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nomerotski, A Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Roco, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Vertogradov, LS Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA DO Collaboration TI Search for minimal supergravity in single-electron events with jets and large missing transverse energy in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK PAIR PRODUCTION; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; LARGE HADRON COLLIDER; STANDARD MODEL; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; SUPERSYMMETRY REACH; UNIFICATION; TEVATRON; COLLABORATION; SIGNALS AB We describe a search for evidence of minimal supergravity (MSUGRA) in 92.7 pb(-1) of data collected with the D empty set detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p (p) over bar collider at roots=1.8 TeV. Events with a single electron, four or more jets, and large missing transverse energy were used in this search. The major backgrounds are from W+jets, misidentified multijet, t (t) over bar, and WW production. We observe no excess above the expected number of background events in our data. A new limit in terms of MSUGRA model parameters is obtained. C1 Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Ctr Particle Phys, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, France. Univ Mediterranee, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, Paris, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particles, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. NIKHEF, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langstan Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna, Russia. RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 112001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.112001 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600005 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Dunietz, I Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, K Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Ragan, K Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yi, K Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Akimoto, H Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Dunietz, I Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Unel, MK Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, K Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, T Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, NS Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Napora, R Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nigmanov, T Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Ragan, K Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Spezziga, M Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wenzel, H Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Wolter, M Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yi, K Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for radiative b-hadron decays in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; CP-VIOLATION; CDF; DETECTOR; MESON; PHYSICS; FRACTIONS; TRIGGER; CHAMBER; SYSTEM AB We have performed a search for radiative b-hadron decays using events produced in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.8 TeV and collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The decays we considered were (B) over bar (0)(d)-->(K) over bar*(0)(-->K(-)pi(+))gamma, (B) over bar (0)(s)-->phi(-->K+K-)gamma, Lambda(b)(0)-->Lambda(-->ppi(-))gamma, and their charge conjugates. Two independent methods to identify photons from such decays were employed. In the first method, the photon was detected in the electromagnetic calorimeter. In the second method, the photon was identified by an electron-positron pair produced through the external photon conversion before the tracking detector volume. By combining the two methods we obtain upper limits on the branching fractions for the (B) over bar (0)(d), (B) over bar (0)(s), and Lambda(b)(0) radiative decays which, at the 95% confidence level, are found to be B((B) over bar (0)(d)-->(K) over bar*(0)gamma)<1.4x10(-4), B((B) over bar (0)(s)-->phigamma)<1.6x10(-4), and B(Lambda(0)(b)-->Lambdagamma)<1.9x10(-3). C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15218 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; OI Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; CHANG, PAO-TI/0000-0003-4064-388X; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 112002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.112002 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600006 ER PT J AU Carena, M Choudhury, D Diaz, RA Logan, HE Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Choudhury, D Diaz, RA Logan, HE Wagner, CEM TI Top-squark searches at the Fermilab Tevatron in models of low-energy supersymmetry breaking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK PHASE-TRANSITION; RADIATIVE NEUTRALINO DECAY; BACKWARD CHARGE ASYMMETRY; EVEN HIGGS BOSONS; STANDARD MODEL; HADRON COLLIDERS; LIGHT GRAVITINO; R-PARITY; QUARK PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTION AB We study the production and decays of top squarks at the Fermilab Tevatron collider in models of low-energy supersymmetry breaking. We consider the case where the lightest standard model (SM) superpartner is a light neutralino that predominantly decays into a photon and a light gravitino. Considering the lighter top squark to be the next-to-lightest standard model superpartner, we analyze top squark signatures associated with jets, photons and missing energy, which lead to signals naturally larger than the associated SM backgrounds. We consider both 2-body and 3-body decays of the top squarks and show that the reach of the Tevatron can be significantly larger than that expected within either the standard supergravity models or models of low-energy supersymmetry breaking in which the top squark is the lightest SM superpartner. For a modest projection of the final Tevatron luminosity, Lsimilar or equal to4 fb(-1), top squark masses of order 300 GeV are accessible at the Tevatron collider in both 2-body and 3-body decay modes. We also consider the production and decay of ten degenerate squarks that are the supersymmetric partners of the five light quarks. In this case we find that common squark masses up to 360 GeV are easily accessible at the Tevatron collider, and that the reach increases further if the gluino is light. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Harish Chandra Res Inst, Allahabad 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Fis, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Carena, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 95 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 115010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.115010 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600047 ER PT J AU Chang, D Chang, WF Keung, WY AF Chang, D Chang, WF Keung, WY TI Constraints from electric dipole moments on chargino baryogenesis in the minimal supersymmetric standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROWEAK BARYOGENESIS; CP-VIOLATION; 2-LOOP CONTRIBUTIONS; BARYON ASYMMETRY; NEUTRON; HIGGS; SUPERGRAVITY; PHYSICS; SEARCH; MSSM AB A commonly accepted mechanism of generating baryon asymmetry in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) depends on the CP violating relative phase between the gaugino mass and the Higgsino mu term. The direct constraint on this phase comes from the limit of electric dipole moments (EDM's) of various light fermions. To avoid such a constraint, a scheme which assumes that the first two generation sfermions are very heavy is usually evoked to suppress the one-loop EDM contributions. We point out that under such a scheme the most severe constraint may come from a new contribution to the electric dipole moment of the electron, the neutron, or atoms via the chargino sector at the two-loop level. As a result, the allowed parameter space for baryogenesis in the MSSM is severely constrained, independent of the masses of the first two generation sfermions. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, NCTS, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. TRIUMF, Theory Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Natl Tsing Hua Univ, NCTS, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. NR 54 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 116008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.116008 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600059 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Kao, CW Nayak, GC AF Cooper, F Kao, CW Nayak, GC TI Infrared behavior of the gluon propagator in nonequilibrium situations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PREEQUILIBRIUM EVOLUTION; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRATION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; HOT QCD; PLASMA AB The infrared behavior of the medium modified gluon propagator in nonequilibrium situations is studied in the covariant gauge using the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time path formalism. It is shown that the magnetic screening mass is nonzero at the one loop level whenever the initial gluon distribution function is nonisotropic with the assumption that the distribution function of the gluon is not divergent at zero transverse momentum. For isotropic gluon distribution functions, such as those describing local equilibrium, the magnetic mass at the one loop level is zero, which is consistent with finite temperature field theory results. Assuming that a reasonable initial gluon distribution function can be obtained from a perturbative QCD calculation of minijets, we determine these out of equilibrium values for the initial magnetic and Debye screening masses at energy densities appropriate to BNL RHIC and CERN LHC. We also compare the magnetic masses obtained here with those obtained using finite temperature lattice QCD methods at similar temperatures at RHIC and LHC. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Theoret Phys Grp, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fcooper@lanl.gov; kao@a35.ph.man.ac.uk; nayak@shakti.lanl.gov NR 80 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 114016 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.114016 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600031 ER PT J AU Field, B AF Field, B TI Distinguishing scalar from pseudoscalar Higgs boson production at the CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; PLUS 2 JETS; STANDARD MODEL; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; QCD CORRECTIONS; SEARCH AB In this paper we examine the production channels for the scalar or pseudoscalar Higgs boson plus two jets at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. We identify possible signals for distinguishing between a scalar and a pseudoscalar Higgs boson. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bfield@ic.sunysb.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 114007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.114007 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600022 ER PT J AU Goity, JL Schat, CL Scoccola, NN AF Goity, JL Schat, CL Scoccola, NN TI Negative parity 70-plet baryon masses in the 1/N-c expansion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-N-C; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; STRONG-COUPLING THEORY; QUARK-MODEL; SKYRME MODEL; EXCITED BARYONS; L=1 BARYONS; RELATIVISTIC SYMMETRY; 1/N(C) EXPANSION; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS AB The masses of the negative parity SU(6) 70-plet baryons are analyzed in the 1/N-c expansion to order 1/N-c and to first order in SU(3) breaking. At this level of precision there are 20 predictions. Among them there are the well known Gell-Mann-Okubo and equal spacing relations, and four new relations involving SU(3) breaking splittings in different SU(3) multiplets. Although the breaking of SU(6) symmetry occurs at zeroth order in 1/N-c, it turns out to be small. The dominant source of the breaking is the hyperfine interaction which is of the order of 1/N-c. The spin-orbit interaction, of zeroth order in 1/N-c, is entirely fixed by the splitting between the singlet states Lambda(1405) and Lambda(1520), and the spin-orbit puzzle is solved by the presence of other zeroth order operators involving flavor exchange. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Phys, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Favaloro, RA-1078 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 73 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 114014 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.114014 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600029 ER PT J AU Lee, W Sharpe, SR AF Lee, W Sharpe, SR TI One-loop matching coefficients for improved staggered bilinears SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE PERTURBATION-THEORY; 4-FERMION OPERATORS; FLAVOR-SYMMETRY; HADRON SPECTROSCOPY; SUSSKIND FERMIONS; QCD; RENORMALIZATION AB We calculate one-loop matching factors for bilinear operators composed of improved staggered fermions. We compare the results for different improvement schemes used in the recent literature, all of which involve the use of smeared links. These schemes aim to reduce, though not completely eliminate, O(a(2)) discretization errors. We find that all these improvement schemes substantially reduce the size of matching factors compared to unimproved staggered fermions. The resulting corrections are comparable to, or smaller than, those found with Wilson and domain-wall fermions. In the best case ("Fat-7" and mean-field improved hypercubic fat links) the corrections are 10% or smaller at 1/a=2 GeV. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-B285, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 66 IS 11 AR 114501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.66.114501 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 634AJ UT WOS:000180317600034 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Lee, RW Scott, HA Chung, HK Klein, L AF Adams, ML Lee, RW Scott, HA Chung, HK Klein, L TI Complex atomic spectral line shapes in the presence of an external magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC MICROFIELD DISTRIBUTIONS; STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; DENSE-PLASMAS; PROFILES; ALPHA; IONS AB Both the theoretical basis and the computational approach for extending the capabilities of an established spectral line broadening code are presented. By following standard line broadening theory, the effects of an external magnetic field are incorporated into the plasma average and atomic Hamiltonian. An external magnetic field introduces a preferential axis that destroys the symmetry of the quasistatic electric ion microfield. An external magnetic field also modifies the angular properties of the atomic Hamiltonian-atomic energy levels are perturbed and the spectral emission line is polarized. These extensions have been incorporated in an atomic line shape code for complex atoms and applied to several problems of importance to the understanding of tokamak edge plasmas. Applications fall into two broad categories: (1) determination of local plasma properties, such as the magnetic field strength, from distinct line shape features; and (2) consideration of global plasma phenomenon, such as radiation transport. Observable features of the Zeeman effect make H(alpha) a good line for diagnosing the magnetic field. H(beta) does not make a good electron density diagnostic since the Zeeman effect is comparable to the Stark effect for a majority of tokamak edge plasma conditions. For optically thick lines, the details of the spectral line shapes are shown to significantly influence the transport of radiation throughout the system. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, NW16-230,167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM adams@mit.edu NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 066413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.066413 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 635YE UT WOS:000180427100085 PM 12513418 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Olafsen, JS AF Aranson, IS Olafsen, JS TI Velocity fluctuations in electrostatically driven granular media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS; GASES; FLOWS AB We study experimentally the particle velocity fluctuations in an electrostatically driven dilute granular gas. The velocity distributions have strong deviations from a Maxwellian form over a wide range of parameters. We have found that the tails of the distribution functions are consistent with a stretched exponential law with typical exponents of the order 3/2. Molecular dynamic simulations shows qualitative agreement with experimental data. Our results suggest that this non-Gaussian behavior is typical of most inelastic gases with both short- and long-range interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 061302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.061302 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 635YD UT WOS:000180427000019 PM 12513275 ER PT J AU Audebert, P Shepherd, R Fournier, KB Peyrusse, O Price, D Lee, RW Springer, P Gauthier, JC Klein, L AF Audebert, P Shepherd, R Fournier, KB Peyrusse, O Price, D Lee, RW Springer, P Gauthier, JC Klein, L TI Time-resolved plasma spectroscopy of thin foils heated by a relativistic-intensity short-pulse laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED PREFORMED PLASMA; SOLID-DENSITY; FEMTOSECOND; SIMULATION; IONS; ELECTRONS; ALUMINUM; TARGETS; DRIVEN; MODEL AB Time-resolved K-shell x-ray spectra are recorded from sub-100 nm aluminum foils irradiated by 150-fs laser pulses at relativistic intensities of Ilambda(2) = 2x10(18) W mum(2)/cm(2). The thermal penetration depth is greater than the foil thickness in these targets so that uniform heating takes place at constant density before hydrodynamic motion occurs. The high-contrast, high-intensity laser pulse, broad spectral band, and short time resolution utilized in this experiment permit a simplified interpretation of the dynamical evolution of the radiating matter. The observed spectrum displays two distinct phases. At early time, less than or equal to500 fs after detecting target emission, a broad quasicontinuous spectral feature with strong satellite emission from multiply excited levels is seen. At a later time, the He-like resonance line emission is dominant. The time-integrated data is in accord with previous studies with time resolution greater than 1 ps. The early time satellite emission is shown to be a signature of an initial large area, high density, low-temperature plasma created in the foil by fast electrons accelerated by the intense radiation field in the laser spot. We conclude that, because of this early time phenomenon and contrary to previous predictions, a short, high-intensity laser pulse incident on a thin foil does not create a uniform hot and dense plasma. The heating mechanism has been studied as a function of foil thickness, laser pulse length, and intensity. In addition, the spectra are found to be in broad agreement with a hydrodynamic expansion code postprocessed by a collisional-radiative model based on superconfiguration average rates and on the unresolved transition array formalism. C1 Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,UMR 7605,CEA, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Audebert, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,UMR 7605,CEA, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Frank, David/E-8213-2012 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 066412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.066412 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 635YE UT WOS:000180427100084 PM 12513417 ER PT J AU Biedermann, C Radtke, R Fournier, KB AF Biedermann, C Radtke, R Fournier, KB TI Spectroscopy of heliumlike argon resonance and satellite lines for plasma temperature diagnostics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BEAM ION-TRAP; HE-LIKE; COMPLEX SPECTRA; RAY; DENSITY; POLARIZATION; INTENSITIES; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATION; PROGRAM AB The n = 2 - 1 spectral emission pattern of heliumlike argon, together with the associated satellite emission originating from lithiumlike argon have been measured with high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy at the Berlin electron-beam ion trap. The observed line intensity across a wide range of excitation energies was weighted by an electron-energy distribution to analyze as a function of plasma temperature the line ratios between KLL dielectronic recombination satellites, in particular the j+z, j, and k satellites, and the w-resonance line. A good agreement between various theoretical models is found, supporting the method of line-ratio measurement as a temperature diagnostic for plasmas. A value for the so-called R-line ratio is determined and calculations with the HULLAC suite of codes predict it to be electron density independent over a wide range. C1 EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Bereich Plasmadiagnost, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Biedermann, C (reprint author), EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Bereich Plasmadiagnost, Mohrenstr 41, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 066404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.066404 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 635YE UT WOS:000180427100076 PM 12513409 ER PT J AU Pang, J Ho, YK Yuan, XQ Cao, N Kong, Q Wang, PX Shao, L Esarey, EH Sessler, AM AF Pang, J Ho, YK Yuan, XQ Cao, N Kong, Q Wang, PX Shao, L Esarey, EH Sessler, AM TI Subluminous phase velocity of a focused laser beam and vacuum laser acceleration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; DRIVEN; PLASMAS; GENERATION; PHYSICS AB It has been found that for a focused laser beam propagating in free space, there exists, surrounding the laser beam axis, a subluminous wave phase velocity region. Relativistic electrons injected into this region can be trapped in the acceleration phase and remain in phase with the laser field for sufficiently long times, thereby receiving considerable energy from the field. Optics placed near the laser focus are not necessary, thus allowing high intensities and large energy gains. Important features of this process are examined via test particle simulations. The resulting energy gains are in agreement with theoretical estimates based on acceleration by the axial laser field. C1 Fudan Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ho, YK (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM hoyk@fudan.ac.cn NR 30 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 066501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.066501 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 635YE UT WOS:000180427100088 PM 12513421 ER PT J AU Silbert, LE Grest, GS Landry, JW AF Silbert, LE Grest, GS Landry, JW TI Statistics of the contact network in frictional and frictionless granular packings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FORCE DISTRIBUTIONS; BEAD PACKS; STRESS; FLUCTUATIONS; ASSEMBLIES; SPHERES; ORDER; MODEL AB Simulated granular packings with different particle friction coefficient mu are examined. The distribution of the particle-particle and particle-wall normal and tangential contact forces P(f) are computed and compared with existing experimental data. Here f=F/(F) over bar is the contact force F normalized by the average value (F) over bar. P(f) exhibits exponential-like decay at large forces, a plateau/peak near f=1, with additional features at forces smaller than the average that depend on mu. Additional information beyond the one-point force distribution functions is provided in the form of the force-force spatial distribution function and the contact point radial distribution function. These quantities indicate that correlations between forces are only weakly dependent on friction and decay rapidly beyond approximately three particle diameters. Distributions of particle-particle contact angles show that the contact network is not isotropic and only weakly dependent on friction. High force-bearing structures, or force chains, do not play a dominant role in these three-dimensional, unloaded packings. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Silbert, LE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM lsilbert@uchicago.edu NR 34 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC PY 2002 VL 66 IS 6 AR 061303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.061303 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 635YD UT WOS:000180427000020 PM 12513276 ER PT J AU Allen, CK Wangler, TP AF Allen, CK Wangler, TP TI Beam halo definitions based upon moments of the particle distribution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Two different parameters for the quantitative description of beam halo are discussed. Both are based on moments of the particle distribution and represent a convenient and model-independent method for quantifying the magnitude of beam halo observed in either spatial or phase-space projections. One parameter is a measure of spatial profile of the beam and has been defined by Wangler and Crandall previously. The current authors defined a new parameter using kinematic invariants to quantify halo formation in 2D phase space. Here we expand the development and present detailed numerical results. Although the spatial-profile parameter and the phase-space halo parameter both reduce to the same value when the distribution has the elliptical symmetry, in general these parameters are not equal. Halo in the 1D spatial profiles is relatively easily measured, but is variable as the beam distribution evolves and can hide as it rotates in phase space. The 2D phase-space halo is more difficult to measure, but it varies more smoothly as the halo evolves. It provides a more reliable characterization of the halo as an intrinsic property of the beam. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, CK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 12 AR 124202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.124202 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 632XJ UT WOS:000180249900006 ER PT J AU Fischer, W Brennan, JM Blaskiewicz, M Satogata, T AF Fischer, W Brennan, JM Blaskiewicz, M Satogata, T TI Electron cloud measurements and simulations for the Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Intense ion beams in the Brookhaven Relativistic Ion Collider lead to a rise in the vacuum pressure. Electron clouds can contribute to such a process. To measure electron cloud densities the coherent tune shift along the bunch train was observed with different bunch spacings and intensities. From the measured coherent tune shifts, electron cloud densities are computed and compared with densities obtained in electron cloud simulations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fischer, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 12 AR 124401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.124401 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 632XJ UT WOS:000180249900007 ER PT J AU Furman, MA Pivi, MTF AF Furman, MA Pivi, MTF TI Probabilistic model for the simulation of secondary electron emission SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; METALS; BEAM AB We provide a detailed description of a model and its computational algorithm for the secondary electron emission process. The model is based on a broad phenomenological fit to data for the secondary-emission yield and the emitted-energy spectrum. We provide two sets of values for the parameters by fitting our model to two particular data sets, one for copper and the other one for stainless steel. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Furman, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Ctr Beam Phys, MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 164 Z9 171 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 12 AR 124404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.124404 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 632XJ UT WOS:000180249900010 ER PT J AU O'Connell, C Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Iverson, R Raimondi, P Siemann, RH Walz, D Blue, B Clayton, CE Joshi, C Marsh, KA Mori, WB Wang, S Katsouleas, T Lee, S Muggli, P AF O'Connell, C Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Iverson, R Raimondi, P Siemann, RH Walz, D Blue, B Clayton, CE Joshi, C Marsh, KA Mori, WB Wang, S Katsouleas, T Lee, S Muggli, P TI Dynamic focusing of an electron beam through a long plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION; CHANNEL AB The focusing effects of a 1.4 m long, (0-2) x 10(14) cm(-3) plasma on a single 28.5 GeV electron bunch are studied experimentally in the underdense or blowout regime, where the beam density is much greater than the plasma density. As the beam propagates through the plasma, the density of plasma electrons along the incoming bunch drops from the ambient density to zero leaving a pure ion channel for the bulk of the beam. Thus, from the head of the beam up to the point where all plasma electrons are blown out, each successive longitudinal slice of the bunch experiences a different focusing force due to the plasma ions. The time-changing focusing force results in a different number of betatron oscillations for each slice depending upon its location within the bunch. By using an electron beam that has a correlated energy spread, this time-dependent focusing of the electron bunch has been observed by measuring the beam spot size in the image plane of a magnetic energy spectrometer placed at the plasma exit. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP O'Connell, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 12 AR 121301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.121301 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 632XJ UT WOS:000180249900003 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Colestock, PL Gilpatrick, D Smith, HV Wangler, TP Schulze, ME AF Qiang, J Colestock, PL Gilpatrick, D Smith, HV Wangler, TP Schulze, ME TI Macroparticle simulation studies of a proton beam halo experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB We report macroparticle simulations for comparison with measured results from a proton beam halo experiment in a 52-quadrupole periodic-focusing channel. An important issue is that the input phase-space distribution is not experimentally known. Three different initial distributions with different shapes predict different beam profiles in the transport system. Simulations have been fairly successful in reproducing the core of the measured matched-beam profiles and the trend of emittance growth as a function of the mismatch factor, but underestimate the growth rate of halo and emittance for mismatched beams. In this study, we find that knowledge of the Courant-Snyder parameters and emittances of the input beam is not sufficient for reliable prediction of the halo. Input distributions with greater population in the tails produce larger rates of emittance growth, a result that is qualitatively consistent with the particle-core model of halo formation in mismatched beams. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gen Atom Co, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 12 AR 124201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.124201 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 632XJ UT WOS:000180249900005 ER PT J AU Avignone, FT Efremenko, YV AF Avignone, FT Efremenko, YV TI Neutrino-astrophysics, nuclear physics, and particle physics at intense, pulsed, stopped-pion sources SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nonaccelerator New Physics CY JUN 19-23, 2001 CL JOINT INST NUCL RES, DUBNA, RUSSIA HO JOINT INST NUCL RES ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; SUPERNOVA; SOLAR; FACILITY; DEUTERON; ORLAND; DETECTORS AB Intense pulsed proton beams of similar to1 GeV impinging on high-Z targets are intense sources of v(mu) from the (tau = 26 ns) decay of pi(+), and (v) over bar (mu) and v(e) from the stopped mu(+) decays. A pulse structure, narrow in time, allows the separation of reactions due to v(mu) from those from reactions involving (v) over bar (mu) and v(e). The energy spectra are in the energy range of interest to nuclear astrophysics. A number of possible experiments relevant to solar neutrinos, supernovae collapse, weak interactions in nuclei, and intrinsic properties of neutrinos are discussed. (C) 2002 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM waters@sc.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 EI 1562-692X J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD DEC PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 BP 2210 EP 2217 DI 10.1134/1.1530302 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 632PF UT WOS:000180231300017 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Rader, DJ Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, MA Rader, DJ Torczynski, JR TI Calculations of the near-wall thermophoretic force in rarefied gas flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE PLASMA PROCESSOR; CONTAMINATION; DEPENDENCE; PARTICLES; REGION AB The thermophoretic force on a near-wall, spherical particle in a rarefied, monatomic gas flow is calculated numerically. The rarefied gas flow is calculated with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which provides the molecular velocity distribution. The force is calculated from the molecular velocity distribution using a force Green's function. Calculations are performed over a Knudsen-number range from 0.0475 to 4.75 using Maxwell and hard-sphere collision models. Results are presented for the thermophoresis parameter, xi, a dimensionless quantity proportional to the thermophoretic force. The spatial profiles of xi show a clear progression from free-molecular conditions (xi is constant throughout the domain) to near-continuum conditions (xi is constant in the interior but increases in the Knudsen layers). For near-continuum conditions, the DSMC calculations and Chapman-Enskog theory are in excellent agreement in the interior, suggesting that their velocity distributions are similar in this region. For all conditions examined, xi lies between the continuum and free-molecular limits, which differ by only 10%. Moreover, the near-wall xi values differ from the interior values by less than 5% for a fully diffuse wall, in sharp contrast with most previous studies. An approximate theory for the wall effect is presented that agrees reasonably well with the calculations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rader, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 12 BP 4290 EP 4301 DI 10.1063/1.1518692 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 614FN UT WOS:000179177800019 ER PT J AU Maratkanova, AN Huang, JY Rats, YV Surnin, DV AF Maratkanova, AN Huang, JY Rats, YV Surnin, DV TI Application of EXELFS spectroscopy to the study of the local atomic structure of carbon-containing materials SO PHYSICS OF METALS AND METALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; K-EDGE; GRAPHITE; FILMS; MICROSCOPY; CEMENTITE; DEFECTS; STEEL AB The main aim of this work was to further develop the method of extended energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS) for the investigation of the structure of binary compounds containing light elements (C, 0, S, P, etc.). The local atomic structure m different carbon modifications such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and amorphous graphite prepared by milling in a planetary ball mill was studied in an HF-3000 FEG TEM transmission electron microscope equipped with an electron spectrometer for recording electron-energy-loss spectra. The advantage of the EXELFS method for the study of the local atomic structure of binary compounds containing light elements was demonstrated by the example of cementite Fe3C in a carbon steel U15. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Physicotech, Izhevsk 426000, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Maratkanova, AN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Physicotech, Ul Kirova 132, Izhevsk 426000, Russia. RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Surnin, Dmitry/G-4639-2016 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0031-918X J9 PHYS MET METALLOGR+ JI Phys. Metals Metallogr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 94 IS 6 BP 598 EP 605 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 636QX UT WOS:000180468800009 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Pariev, VI Finn, JM Lapenta, G AF Delzanno, GL Pariev, VI Finn, JM Lapenta, G TI Stability analysis of hollow electron columns including compressional and thermal effects: Integrability condition and numerical simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID M(THETA)=1 DIOCOTRON INSTABILITY; HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; MODEL; SHAPE; FLOW AB The diocotron spectrum for a simplified fluid model of Malmberg-Penning traps that includes compressional effects due to end curvature with finite temperature is investigated. A class of length profiles for which the linearized eigenvalue equation for perturbations can be integrated by quadratures (integrable cases) has been found. In such cases, there is only algebraic growth when the effective angular frequency has a maximum away from the axis (hollow profile), and the model is mathematically equivalent to the zero curvature (two-dimensional Euler) case. Furthermore, profiles that are slightly nonintegrable (the difference being characterized by a small parameter epsilon) have been studied, finding that the complex frequency of the unstable l=1 mode scales as epsilon(2/3). Analytical calculations (to be presented in a companion paper) and numerical simulations are found in agreement. For the density profile used, the growth rate of the unstable mode has a minimum at the plasma temperature of about 5 eV, which might be tested experimentally. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM delzanno@lanl.gov; vpariev@pas.rochester.edu; finn@lanl.gov; lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 4863 EP 4870 DI 10.1063/1.1518680 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700006 ER PT J AU Nebel, RA Schnack, DD Gianakon, TA AF Nebel, RA Schnack, DD Gianakon, TA TI Self-similar decaying profiles for reversed-field pinches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID POLOIDAL CURRENT DRIVE; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT AB In previous work it was shown that progress in attaining and maintaining stable mean reversed-field pinch (RFP) profiles can be made by abandoning the steady-state assumption and instead seeking solutions of the pressureless (force-free), one-dimensional transport equations that are separable in time and space [E. J. Caramana and R. A. Nebel, Phys. Fluids 31, 3322 (1988)]. Here these solutions have been extended to two dimensions and therefore the previous formalism is also applicable to toroidal and helical states as well as axisymmetric cylindrical states. Furthermore, the one-dimensional separable solutions are demonstrated to be three-dimensional attractors, provided that the separable profiles are stable to current-driven modes. The sensitivity of these states to the velocity boundary conditions and to dimensionless parameters such as the Lundquist number and the magnetic Prandtl number has been studied. The stability boundary between one-dimensional stable solutions and unstable rampdown solutions has also been explored. Simulations with finite pressure and self-consistent transport clearly show the improved confinement that can be achieved with plasma rampdown. Finally, reactor simulations demonstrate that self-similar tearing mode stable rampdown discharges can lead to pulsed systems that show significant net energy gain. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nebel, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 4968 EP 4984 DI 10.1063/1.1521713 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700017 ER PT J AU Onjun, T Bateman, G Kritz, AH Hammett, G AF Onjun, T Bateman, G Kritz, AH Hammett, G TI Models for the pedestal temperature at the edge of H-mode tokamak plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; JT-60U; WIDTH; CONFINEMENT; DATABASE; UPGRADE AB Predictive models are developed for the temperature at the top at the edge of type 1 ELMy (edge localized mode) H-mode (high-confinement mode) plasmas. Theory-motivated models are used for the pedestal width and pressure gradient, while the pedestal density is obtained from experimental data in this study. The pedestal pressure gradient is assumed to be limited by the ballooning mode instability and is expressed in terms of the magnetic shear and geometrical factors. The effect of the bootstrap current, which reduces the magnetic shear in the steep pressure gradient region at the edge of the H-mode plasma, is included in the determination of the magnetic shear. Approaches for calculating the magnetic shear, combined with proposed models for the pedestal width, are used to determine the pedestal temperature. The computed pedestal temperatures are compared with more than 500 measured pedestal temperatures for type 1 ELMy H-mode discharges in four tokamaks. Some of the uncertainties in these results are discussed, and directions for future work to improve edge pedestal scalings are described. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Onjun, T (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, 16 Mem Dr E, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Onjun, Thawatchai/A-3016-2009; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 NR 25 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5018 EP 5030 DI 10.1063/1.1518474 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700021 ER PT J AU Jayakumar, R Luce, TC Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Wade, MR Austin, ME Casper, TA Makowski, MA Chu, MS Lao, LL Strait, EJ Brennan, DP AF Jayakumar, R Luce, TC Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Wade, MR Austin, ME Casper, TA Makowski, MA Chu, MS Lao, LL Strait, EJ Brennan, DP TI Observation and analysis of a resistive mode with interchange parity in negative central shear plasmas in the DIII-D Tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; CONFINEMENT; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; PROFILES; BETA AB A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability which has the characteristics that the displacement phase is in the same direction at all the affected flux surfaces (an interchange-like structure with no phase reversal across a flux surface), has been observed during the L mode in several negative central shear discharges of DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon, P. Anderson, F. Baity , Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159]. The instability occurs when the minimum safety factor is around 2.0 and the profile of the safety factor q is deeply reversed in the center. Detailed stability analyses were carried out using standard numerical codes and the high quality magnetic probe, motional Stark effect and electron cyclotron emission (ECE) data. Analysis of the data after the onset shows that the instability has an n=1 mode number and a growth time of about 400 mus. The electron temperature fluctuations obtained from ECE measurements indicate a localized interchange-like structure early in time, the resistive interchange criterion indicates marginal stability, and ideal mode analyses indicate robust stability with an ideal beta limit of about a factor of 2 higher than the beta(N) value at the time of onset. Therefore this interchange-parity mode is not an ideal MHD mode. The marginal value of the resistive interchange criterion observed only in discharges with the instability, indicates that this is probably a resistive interchange mode. However, some observed characteristics of the instability may require models beyond the linear resistive interchange theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jayakumar, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5043 EP 5049 DI 10.1063/1.1522381 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700024 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Finn, JM Lapenta, G AF Delzanno, GL Finn, JM Lapenta, G TI Nonlinear phase of the compressional m=1 diocotron instability: Saturation and analogy with geophysical fluid dynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW ELECTRON COLUMNS; IN-CELL METHOD; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; SIMULATIONS; MODE; FLIP; VORTICES; SPECTRUM; FLOW AB The nonlinear dynamics of a Penning trap plasma, including the effect of the finite length and end curvature of the plasma column, is studied. A new cylindrical particle-in-cell code, called KANDINSKY, has been implemented by using a new interpolation scheme. The principal idea is to calculate the volume of each cell from a particle volume, in the same manner as is done for the cell charge. With this new method, the density is conserved along streamlines and artificial sources of compressibility are avoided. The code has been validated with a number of tests. The code is then used to compare the dynamics of three different models: the standard Euler or drift-Poisson model, the modified drift-Poisson model [J. Finn Phys. Plasmas 6, 3744 (1999); Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2401 (2000)] with compressional effects, and the quasigeostrophic model of geophysical fluid dynamics in the limit of the gamma-plane approximation. The results of this investigation show that Penning traps can be used to simulate geophysical fluids. Moreover, the results for the m=1 diocotron instability reproduce qualitatively the experiments [C. F. Driscoll, Phy. Rev. Lett. 64, 645 (1990); C. F. Driscoll Phys. Fluids B 2, 1359 (1990)]: The instability turns the plasma "inside-out" resulting at the end in a stable, monotonic profile. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM delzanno@lanl.gov; finn@lanl.gov; lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5059 EP 5069 DI 10.1063/1.1518473 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700026 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE AF Carlsten, BE TI Modal analysis and gain calculations for a sheet electron beam in a ridged waveguide slow-wave structure SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; AMPLIFIER; TUBE AB A mode analysis is presented for the case of a planar electron beam in a ridged waveguide slow-wave structure. By matching boundary conditions between a Fourier expansion of the mode between the ridges with a space-harmonic expansion of the mode in the region below the ridges, a dispersion relation for a traveling-wave interaction is found. The dispersion relation is numerically solved for both the case with and without beam. For the nominal geometry, gains as high as 30 dB/cm at 300 GHz are found for a 15 A, 155 keV beam. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5088 EP 5096 DI 10.1063/1.1516782 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700029 ER PT J AU Carter, MD Baity, FW Barber, GC Goulding, RH Mori, Y Sparks, DO White, KF Jaeger, EF Chang-Diaz, FR Squire, JP AF Carter, MD Baity, FW Barber, GC Goulding, RH Mori, Y Sparks, DO White, KF Jaeger, EF Chang-Diaz, FR Squire, JP TI Comparing experiments with modeling for light ion helicon plasma sources SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID LOWER-HYBRID RESONANCE; WAVES; FREQUENCY; MODES; DISCHARGES AB The ability to obtain high plasma densities with high fractional ionization using readily available, low-cost components makes the helicon a candidate plasma source for many applications, including plasma rocket propulsion, fusion component testing, and materials processing. However, operation of a helicon can be a sensitive function of the magnetic field strength and geometry as well as the driving frequency, especially when using light feedstock gases such as hydrogen or helium. In this paper, results from a coupled rf and transport model are compared with experiments in the axially inhomogeneous Mini-Radio Frequency Test Facility [Goulding , Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 99), Torino, Italy, 1999 (Litografia Geda, Torino, 1999), p. 107] (Mini-RFTF). Experimental observations of the radial shape of the density profile can be quantitatively reproduced by iteratively converging a high-resolution rf calculation including the rf parallel electric field with a transport model using reasonable choices for the transport parameters. The experimentally observed transition into the high density helicon mode is observed in the model, appearing as a nonlinear synergism between radial diffusion, the rf coupling to parallel electric fields that damp near the plasma edge, and propagation of helicon waves that collisionally damp near the axis of the device. Power deposition from various electric field components indicates that inductive coupling and absorption in the edge region can reduce the efficiency for high-density operation. The effects of absorption near the lower hybrid resonance in the near-field region of the antenna are discussed. Ponderomotive effects are also examined and found to be significant only in very low density and edge regions of the Mini-RFTF discharge. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyushu Univ, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. NASA, Adv Space Propuls Lab, Houston, TX 77059 USA. RP Carter, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD DEC PY 2002 VL 9 IS 12 BP 5097 EP 5110 DI 10.1063/1.1519539 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 617BQ UT WOS:000179340700030 ER PT J AU Cooray, A Sheth, R AF Cooray, A Sheth, R TI Halo models of large scale structure SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID COLD DARK-MATTER; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; SPHERICAL COLLAPSE MODEL; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY PICTURE; SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH FLUCTUATIONS; PAIRWISE PECULIAR VELOCITIES; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; GAUSSIAN INITIAL CONDITIONS; WEAK-LENSING MEASUREMENTS AB We review the formalism and applications of the halo-based description of non-linear gravitational clustering. In this approach, all mass is associated with virialized dark matter halos; models of the number and spatial distribution of the halos, and the distribution of dark matter within each halo, are used to provide estimates of how the statistical properties of large scale density and velocity fields evolve as a result of non-linear gravitational clustering. We first describe the model, and demonstrate its accuracy by comparing its predictions with exact results from numerical simulations of non-linear gravitational clustering. We then present several astrophysical applications of the halo model: these include models of the spatial distribution of galaxies, the non-linear velocity, momentum and pressure fields, descriptions of weak gravitational lensing, and estimates of secondary contributions to temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60537 USA. RP CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM asante@caltech.edu; sheth@fnal.gov NR 301 TC 963 Z9 965 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 372 IS 1 BP 1 EP 129 AR PII S0370-1573(02)00276-4 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(02)00276-4 PG 129 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 613WB UT WOS:000179153500001 ER PT J AU Wood, MH AF Wood, MH TI Merits of Advanced Placement reexamined SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Wood, MH (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 2002 VL 55 IS 12 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619NF UT WOS:000179481800003 ER PT J AU Kronberg, PP AF Kronberg, PP TI Intergalactic magnetic fields SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; UNIVERSE; GALAXIES; CLUSTER C1 Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kronberg, PP (reprint author), Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 2002 VL 55 IS 12 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1063/1.1537911 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619NF UT WOS:000179481800015 ER PT J AU Kelly, B AF Kelly, B TI Fermi tales SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelly, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 2002 VL 55 IS 12 BP 82 EP 82 DI 10.1063/1.1537932 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 619NF UT WOS:000179481800023 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, RP TI Finding the flaw in falsifiability SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 12 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 622UQ UT WOS:000179665800014 ER PT J AU Sarrazin, P Blake, D Bish, D Vaniman, D Chipera, S Collins, SA Elliott, ST AF Sarrazin, P Blake, D Bish, D Vaniman, D Chipera, S Collins, SA Elliott, ST TI Robotic search for ices and hydrous minerals at the lunar poles using a combined X-ray diffraction and fluorescence instrument SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB There is a growing body of evidence that points to the survival of water or hydrous minerals on the Moon and the potential for large aqueous reservoirs in shadowed craters at the lunar poles. CheMin, an XRD/XRF instrument that is currently under development, could provide a definitive test of whether the polar hydrogen signal measured by the recent Lunar Prospector mission is an indication of a significant water reservoir or merely reflects an anomalously rich accumulation of solar-wind hydrogen. Proposed enhancements of CheMin could be used in conjunction with a drilling system capable of penetrating the upper few tens of centimeters of the lunar regolith to search for ices or hydrous minerals. This advanced version of the CheMin instrument would be within the size, mass, and power constraints of Ariane 5 micromissions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. ENESAD, F-21079 Dijon, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Detector Adv Dev, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Sarrazin, P (reprint author), ENESAD, 21 Bd O Serres, F-21800 Quetigny, France. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 14-15 BP 1361 EP 1368 AR PII S0032-0633(02)00126-5 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00126-5 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 628MC UT WOS:000179998400008 ER PT J AU Cosgrove, DJ Li, LC Cho, HT Hoffmann-Benning, S Moore, RC Blecker, D AF Cosgrove, DJ Li, LC Cho, HT Hoffmann-Benning, S Moore, RC Blecker, D TI The growing world of expansins SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cell growth; cell walls; expansins; wall loosening proteins ID CELL-WALL EXTENSION; DEEP-WATER RICE; ALLERGENS BETA-EXPANSINS; GENE FAMILY MEMBERS; MAIZE PRIMARY ROOT; GROUP-I ALLERGENS; CUCUMBER HYPOCOTYLS; ALPHA-EXPANSIN; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; TOMATO FRUIT AB Expansins are cell wall proteins that induce pH-dependent wall extension and stress relaxation in a characteristic and unique manner. Two families of expansins are known, named alpha- and beta-expansins, and they comprise large multigene families whose members show diverse organ-, tissue- and cell-specific expression patterns. Other genes that bear distant sequence similarity to expansins are also represented in the sequence databases, but their biological and biochemical functions have not yet been uncovered. Expansin appears to weaken glucan-glucan binding, but its detailed mechanism of action is not well established. The biological roles of expansins are diverse, but can be related to the action of expansins to loosen cell walls, for example during cell enlargement, fruit softening, pollen tube and root hair growth, and abscission. Expansin-like proteins have also been identified in bacteria and fungi, where they may aid microbial invasion of the plant body. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cosgrove, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 77 TC 200 Z9 232 U1 5 U2 36 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1436 EP 1444 DI 10.1093/pcp/pcf180 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 630KP UT WOS:000180106300005 PM 12514240 ER PT J AU Sarret, G Saumitou-Laprade, P Bert, V Proux, O Hazemann, JL Traverse, AS Marcus, MA Manceau, A AF Sarret, G Saumitou-Laprade, P Bert, V Proux, O Hazemann, JL Traverse, AS Marcus, MA Manceau, A TI Forms of zinc accumulated in the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE ZN SPECIATION; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; NONMETALLICOLOUS POPULATIONS; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY; CADMIUM; PLANT; BRASSICACEAE; ABSORPTION AB The chemical forms of zinc (Zn) in the Zn-tolerant and hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and in the non-tolerant and nonaccumulator Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea were determined at the molecular level by combining chemical analyses, extended x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS), synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence, and muEXAFS. Plants were grown in hydroponics with various Zn concentrations, and A. halleri specimens growing naturally in a contaminated site were also collected. Zn speciation in A. halleri was independent of the origin of the plants (contaminated or noncontaminated) and Zn exposure. In aerial parts, Zn was predominantly octahedrally coordinated and complexed to malate. A secondary organic species was identified in the bases of the trichomes, which contained elevated Zn concentrations, and in which Zn was tetrahedrally coordinated and complexed to carboxyl and/or hydroxyl functional groups. This species was detected thanks to the good resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence and muEXAFS. In the roots of A. halleri grown in hydroponics, Zn phosphate was the only species detected, and is believed to result from chemical precipitation on the root surface. In the roots of A. halleri grown on the contaminated soil, Zn was distributed in Zn malate, Zn citrate, and Zn phosphate. Zn phosphate was present in both the roots and aerial part of A. lyrata subsp. petraea. This study illustrates the complementarity of bulk and spatially resolved techniques, allowing the identification of: (a) the predominant chemical forms of the metal, and (b) the minor forms present in particular cells, both types of information being essential for a better understanding of the bioaccumulation processes. C1 Univ Grenoble, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Univ Lille 1, Lab Genet & Evolt Populat Vegetales, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Lille 1, Ctr Hyperfrequences & Semicond, CNRS, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. CNRS, Lab Cristallog, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Ctr Univ, Lab Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sarret, G (reprint author), Univ Grenoble, Lab Geophys Interne & Tectonophys, Environm Geochem Grp, Boite Postale 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM gsarret@ujf-grenoble.fr RI Saumitou-Laprade, Pierre/A-2499-2009; Proux, Olivier/F-7344-2012; Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012; Sarret, Geraldine/I-2797-2016 NR 49 TC 182 Z9 199 U1 7 U2 48 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 1815 EP 1826 DI 10.1104/pp.007799 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628JL UT WOS:000179990100027 PM 12481065 ER PT J AU Woodruff, S Nagata, M AF Woodruff, S Nagata, M TI Instantaneous current and field structure of a gun-driven spheromak for two gun polarities SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID SPHEX SPHEROMAK; INJECTED SPHEROMAK; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; N=1 MODE; RELAXATION; EQUILIBRIA; SUSTAINMENT; STABILITY; PLASMA AB The instantaneous plasma structure of the SPHEX spheromak is determined here by numerically processing data from insertable Rogowski and magnetic field probes. Data is presented and compared for two modes of gun operation: with the central electrode biased positively and negatively. It is found that while the mean-, or even instantaneous-, field structure would give the impression of a roughly axisymmetric spheromak, the instantaneous current structure does not. Hundred per cent variations in J measured at the magnetic axis can be explained by the rotation of a current filament that has a width equal to half of the radius of the flux-conserving first wall. In positive gun operation, current leaves the filament in the confinement region leading to high wall current there. In negative gun operation, wall current remains low as all injected current returns to the gun through the plasma. The plasma, in either instance, is strongly asymmetric. We discuss evidence for the existence of the current filament in other gun-driven spheromaks and coaxial plasma thrusters. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Himeji Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Himeji, Hyogo 67122, Japan. UMIST, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Woodruff, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-637,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 12 BP 2539 EP 2553 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12/304 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 641BM UT WOS:000180724300004 ER PT J AU Cooper, WA Margalet, SF Allfrey, SJ Isaev, MY Mikhailov, MI Shafranov, VD Subbotin, AA Narushima, Y Okamura, S Suzuki, C Yamazaki, K Fu, GY Ku, LP Monticello, DA Redi, MH Reiman, AH Zarnstorff, MC Nuhrenberg, J Todd, TN AF Cooper, WA Margalet, SF Allfrey, SJ Isaev, MY Mikhailov, MI Shafranov, VD Subbotin, AA Narushima, Y Okamura, S Suzuki, C Yamazaki, K Fu, GY Ku, LP Monticello, DA Redi, MH Reiman, AH Zarnstorff, MC Nuhrenberg, J Todd, TN TI Bootstrap current destabilization of ideal MHD modes in three-dimensional reactor configurations SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion CY JUL 17-21, 2002 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cent Rech Phys Plasmas, European Phys Soc, Plasma Phys Div ID LARGE-HELICAL-DEVICE; STELLARATORS AB In current-free stellarators, the parallel current density is normally too weak to drive global external kink modes. However, at finite values of beta, the bootstrap current (BC) can provide sufficient free energy to trigger this class of mode in some stellarator systems. The effect of the BC in the collisionless 1/nu regime has been investigated in several different types of stellarator reactor systems all with a volume V similar to 1000 m(3). In quasiaxisymmetric and quasihelically symmetric stellarators, the BC is large at, finite beta and this can cause low order resonances to move into and emerge out of the plasma which in turn can destabilize global internal and external kink modes. In a six-field period system with poloidally closed contours of the magnetic field strength B, the BC is small and decreases the rotational transform only slightly. As a result, only intermediate to high n modes can become weakly destabilized. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in this system that the contours of the second adiabatic invariant J(parallel to) close poloidally for all trapped particles at finite beta* similar to 6%. This condition leads to the loss of a very small fraction of the collisionless alpha-particle orbits. In Sphellamak configurations with peaked toroidal currents required to generate nearly isodynamic maximum-B confining field structures, the BC accounts only for a small fraction of the total current. The loss of a-particles born within the inner quarter of the plasma volume is negligible while about 1/3 of those born at half volume escape the device within a slowing down time. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, Greifswald, Germany. UKAEA, Dounreay, Caithness, Scotland. RP Cooper, WA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Isaev, Maxim/A-7910-2012 OI Isaev, Maxim/0000-0002-8492-0650 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 SU 12B BP B357 EP B373 AR PII S0741-3335(02)53372-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/325 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644FN UT WOS:000180907400028 ER PT J AU Fasoli, A Testa, D Sharapov, S Berk, HL Breizman, B Gondhalekar, A Heeter, RF Mantsinen, M AF Fasoli, A Testa, D Sharapov, S Berk, HL Breizman, B Gondhalekar, A Heeter, RF Mantsinen, M CA EFDA-JET Workprogramme TI MHD spectroscopy SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion CY JUL 17-21, 2002 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cent Rech Phys Plasmas, European Phys Soc, Plasma Phys Div ID INDUCED ALFVEN EIGENMODES; JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS; JET DT PLASMAS; TOKAMAKS; MASS; CASCADES; SPECTRUM; JT-60U; WAVES AB Experiments are conducted on the JET tokamak to demonstrate the diagnostic potential of Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics (MHD) spectroscopy, for the plasma bulk and its suprathennal components, using Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) excited by external antennas and by energetic particles. The measurements of AE frequencies and mode numbers give information on the bulk plasma. Improved equilibrium reconstruction, in particular in. terms of radial profiles of density and safety factor, is possible from the comparison between the antenna driven spectrum and that calculated theoretically. Details of the time evolution of the non-monotonic safety factor profile in advanced scenarios are reconstructed from the frequency behaviour of ICRH-driven energetic particle modes. The plasma effective mass is inferred from the resonant frequency of externally driven AEs in discharges with similar equilibrium profiles. The stability thresholds and the nonlinear development of the instabilities give clues on energy and spatial distribution of the fast particle population. The presence of unstable AEs provides lower limits in the energy of ICRH generated fast ion tails. Fast ion pressure gradients and their evolution are inferred from the stability of AEs at different plasma radial positions. Finally, the details of the AE spectrum in the nonlinear stage are used to obtain information about the fast particle velocity space diffusion. C1 EPFL, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fasoli, A (reprint author), EPFL, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Mantsinen, Mervi/B-8023-2016 OI Mantsinen, Mervi/0000-0001-9927-835X NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 SU 12B BP B159 EP B172 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/312 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644FN UT WOS:000180907400015 ER PT J AU Okabayashi, M Bialek, J Chance, MS Chu, MS Fredrickson, ED Garofalo, AM Hatcher, R Jensen, TH Johnson, LC La Haye, RJ Navratil, GA Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Strait, EJ Turnbull, AD Walker, ML AF Okabayashi, M Bialek, J Chance, MS Chu, MS Fredrickson, ED Garofalo, AM Hatcher, R Jensen, TH Johnson, LC La Haye, RJ Navratil, GA Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Strait, EJ Turnbull, AD Walker, ML CA DIII-D Team TI Stabilization of the resistive wall mode in DIII-D by plasma rotation and magnetic feedback SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion CY JUL 17-21, 2002 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cent Rech Phys Plasmas, European Phys Soc, Plasma Phys Div ID EXTERNAL-MODES; TOKAMAKS; SHELL; SHEAR; KINK AB Suppression of the resistive wall mode (RWM) has been successfully demonstrated in the DIII-D tokamak by using rotational stabilization in conjunction with a close-fitting vacuum vessel wall. The duration of the high-pressure discharge was extended to hundreds of times the wall skin time. Frequently, the plasma pressure reached the ideal-wall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) kink limit. The confined pressure is up to twice as high as the no-wall ideal MHD kink limit. Near its marginal stability point, the RWM is found to resonate with residual non-axisymmetric fields (e.g. components of the error field). A magnetic feedback system has been used to identify and compensate for the residual non-axisymmetric fields. This is to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of the sustainment of a stable plasma with pressure at levels well above the no-wall pressure limit. This technique is expected to be applicable to other toroidal devices. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Okabayashi, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 SU 12B BP B339 EP B355 AR PII S0741-3335(02)53830-6 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/324 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644FN UT WOS:000180907400027 ER PT J AU Pesme, D Huller, S Myatt, J Riconda, C Maximov, A Tikhonchuk, VT Labaune, C Fuchs, J Depierreux, S Baldis, HA AF Pesme, D Huller, S Myatt, J Riconda, C Maximov, A Tikhonchuk, VT Labaune, C Fuchs, J Depierreux, S Baldis, HA TI Laser-plasma interaction studies in the context of megajoule lasers for inertial fusion SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion CY JUL 17-21, 2002 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cent Rech Phys Plasmas, European Phys Soc, Plasma Phys Div ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEOUS COLLISIONAL PLASMAS; DRIVEN PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; NONLINEAR ION WAVES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; HOT-SPOTS; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; DECAY INSTABILITIES; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; SOUND-WAVES AB Laser-plasma interaction (LPI) physics is one the major issues for the realization of inertial fusion. Parametric instabilities may be driven by the incident laser beams during their propagation in the underdense plasma surrounding the fusion capsule. These instabilities may result in various effects detrimental to a good energy transfer from the laser beams to the target: the backscattering of the incident beams, the generation of energetic electrons which might preheat the fusion fuel, and the spoiling Of the laser beam alignment. The control of the linear growth of these instabilities, together with the understanding of their nonlinear saturation mechanisms are therefore of fundamental importance for laser fusion. During the past few years, a series of new concepts have emerged, deeply modifying our approach to LPI physics. In particular, LPI experiments are now carried out with laser beams which are optically smoothed by means of random phase plates. Such beams are characterized inside the plasma by randomly distributed intensity maxima. Filamentation instabilities may locally increase the laser intensity maxima and deplete the electron density, leading to an intricate coupling between various nonlinear processes. One of the most striking features of this intricate coupling is the resulting ability of the plasma to induce additional temporal and spatial incoherence to the laser beams during their propagation. The increased incoherence may in turn reduce the level of backscattering instabilities. C1 Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, UMR 7644, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Bordeaux 1, Inst Phys Fondamentale, F-33175 Gradignan, France. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, UMR 7644, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787 NR 70 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 SU 12B BP B53 EP B67 AR PII S0741-3335(02)53146-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/305 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644FN UT WOS:000180907400008 ER PT J AU Ryutovl, DD Remington, BA AF Ryutovl, DD Remington, BA TI Scaling astrophysical phenomena to high-energy-density laboratory experiments SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion CY JUL 17-21, 2002 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cent Rech Phys Plasmas, European Phys Soc, Plasma Phys Div ID MOLECULAR CLOUDS; INTENSE LASERS; SUPERNOVA HYDRODYNAMICS; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EAGLE NEBULA; PLASMA; PHOTOEVAPORATION; INSTABILITY; CRITERIA AB The spatial and temporal scales of astrophysical phenomena are typically 10-20 orders of magnitude greater than those of laboratory experiments intended to simulate them. Accordingly, the issue of similarity between the astrophysical phenomenon and its laboratory counterpart becomes quite important. Note also that in astrophysics, one is often dealing with highly dynamical systems, where orders of magnitude variation of the parameters of interest occurs over the duration of an event. In this regard, the similarity problem-is more challenging than, say, the familiar problem of establishing a scaling law for the energy confinement time in a steady-state fusion device. We concentrate on astrophysical phenomena which can be reasonably well described by magnetohydrodynamic equations (like, e.g. propagation of the supernova (SN) shock through the progenitor star, and interaction of SN ejecta with an ambient plasma) and formulate a broad class of similarities that can be applied to them. We discuss issues of scalability in situations where the transition to turbulent flows occurs and present the corresponding constraints. We illustrate the general principles by describing several laboratory experiments carried out in a scaled fashion. Discussion of the possibility of scalable experiments directed towards studies of photo-evaporated molecular clouds (thought to be 'star nurseries') is presented. An emphasis on the potential role of random magnetic fields is made. A concept of an experiment to generate magnetized jets in Z-pinch devices is presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutovl, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 SU 12B BP B407 EP B423 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/328 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644FN UT WOS:000180907400031 ER PT J AU Sips, ACC Arslanbekov, R Atanasiu, C Becker, W Becker, G Behler, K Behringer, K Bergmann, A Bilato, R Bolshukhin, D Borrass, K Braams, B Brambilla, M Braun, F Buhler, A Conway, G Coster, D Drube, R Dux, R Egorov, S Eich, T Engelhardt, K Fahrbach, HU Fantz, U Faugel, H Foley, M Fournier, KB Franzen, P Fuchs, JC Gafert, J Gantenbein, G Gehre, O Geier, A Gernhardt, J Gruber, O Gude, A Gunter, S Haas, G Hartmann, D Heger, B Heinemann, B Herrmann, A Hobirk, J Hofmeister, F Hohenocker, H Horton, L Igochine V Jacobi, D Jakobi, M Jenko, F Kallenbach, A Kardaun, O Kaufmann, M Keller, A Kendl, A Kim, JW Kirov, K Kochergov, R Kollotzek, H Kraus, W Krieger, K Kurzan, B Lang, PT Lauber, P Laux, M Leuterer, F Lohs, A Lorenz, A Maggi, C Maier, H Mank, K Manso, ME Maraschek, M Mast, KF McCarthy, P Meisel, D Meister, H Meo, F Merkel, R Merkl, D Mertens V Monaco, F Muck, A Muller, HW Munich, M Murmann, H Na, YS Neu, G Neu, R Neuhauser, J Noterdaeme, JM Nunes I Pautasso, G Peeters, AG Pereverzev, G Pinches, S Poli, E Proschek, M Pugno, R Quigley, E Raupp, G Ribeiro, T Riedl, R Riondato, S Rohde V Roth, J Ryter, F Saarelma, S Sandmann, W Schade, S Schilling, HB Schneider, W Schramm, G Schweizer, S Scott, B Seidel, U Serra, F Sesnic, S Sihler, C Silva, A Speth, E Stabler, A Steuer, KH Stober, J Streibl, B Strumberger, E Suttrop, W Tabasso, A Tanga, A Tardini, G Tichmann, C Treutterer, W Troppmann, M Varela, P Vollmer, O Wagner, D Wenzel, U Wesner, F Wolf, R Wolfrum, E Wursching, E Yu, Q Zasche, D Zehetbauer, T Zehrfeld, HP Zohm, H AF Sips, ACC Arslanbekov, R Atanasiu, C Becker, W Becker, G Behler, K Behringer, K Bergmann, A Bilato, R Bolshukhin, D Borrass, K Braams, B Brambilla, M Braun, F Buhler, A Conway, G Coster, D Drube, R Dux, R Egorov, S Eich, T Engelhardt, K Fahrbach, HU Fantz, U Faugel, H Foley, M Fournier, KB Franzen, P Fuchs, JC Gafert, J Gantenbein, G Gehre, O Geier, A Gernhardt, J Gruber, O Gude, A Gunter, S Haas, G Hartmann, D Heger, B Heinemann, B Herrmann, A Hobirk, J Hofmeister, F Hohenocker, H Horton, L Igochine, V Jacobi, D Jakobi, M Jenko, F Kallenbach, A Kardaun, O Kaufmann, M Keller, A Kendl, A Kim, JW Kirov, K Kochergov, R Kollotzek, H Kraus, W Krieger, K Kurzan, B Lang, PT Lauber, P Laux, M Leuterer, F Lohs, A Lorenz, A Maggi, C Maier, H Mank, K Manso, ME Maraschek, M Mast, KF McCarthy, P Meisel, D Meister, H Meo, F Merkel, R Merkl, D Mertens, V Monaco, F Muck, A Muller, HW Munich, M Murmann, H Na, YS Neu, G Neu, R Neuhauser, J Noterdaeme, JM Nunes, I Pautasso, G Peeters, AG Pereverzev, G Pinches, S Poli, E Proschek, M Pugno, R Quigley, E Raupp, G Ribeiro, T Riedl, R Riondato, S Rohde, V Roth, J Ryter, F Saarelma, S Sandmann, W Schade, S Schilling, HB Schneider, W Schramm, G Schweizer, S Scott, B Seidel, U Serra, F Sesnic, S Sihler, C Silva, A Speth, E Stabler, A Steuer, KH Stober, J Streibl, B Strumberger, E Suttrop, W Tabasso, A Tanga, A Tardini, G Tichmann, C Treutterer, W Troppmann, M Varela, P Vollmer, O Wagner, D Wenzel, U Wesner, F Wolf, R Wolfrum, E Wursching, E Yu, Q Zasche, D Zehetbauer, T Zehrfeld, HP Zohm, H TI Steady state advanced scenarios at ASDEX upgrade SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion CY JUL 17-21, 2002 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND SP Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Cent Rech Phys Plasmas, European Phys Soc, Plasma Phys Div ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; DIII-D TOKAMAK; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; H-MODE; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; CURRENT DRIVE; HIGH-DENSITY; DISCHARGES AB Recent experiments at ASDEX Upgrade have achieved advanced scenarios with high beta(N) (> 3) and confinement enhancement over ITER98(y, 2) scaling, H(H98y2) = 1.1-1.5, in steady state. These discharges have been obtained in a modified divertor configuration for ASDEX Upgrade, allowing operation at higher triangularity, and with a changed neutral beam injection (NBI) system, for a more tangential, off-axis beam deposition. The figure of merit, beta(N)H(ITER89-P) reaches up to 7.5 for several seconds in plasmas approaching stationary conditions. These advanced tokamak discharges have low magnetic shear in the centre, with q on-axis near 1, and edge safety factor, q(95) in the range 3.3-4.5. This q-profile is sustained by the bootstrap current, NBI-driven current and fishbone activity in the core. The off-axis heating leads to a strong peaking of the density profile and impurity accumulation in the core. This can be avoided by adding some central heating from ion cyclotron resonance heating or electron cyclotron resonance heating, since the temperature profiles are stiff in this advanced scenario (no internal transport barrier). Using a combination of NBI and gas fuelling line, average densities up to 80-90% of the Greenwald density are achieved, maintaining good confinement. The best integrated results in terms of confinement, stability and ability to operate at high density are obtained in highly shaped configurations, near double null, with delta = 0.43. At the highest densities, a strong reduction of the edge localized mode activity similar to type 11 activity is observed, providing a steady power load on the divertor, in the range of 6 MW m(-2), despite the high input power used (> 10 MW). C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tech Univ St Petersburg, CIS, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Augsburg, D-8900 Augsburg, Germany. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Assoc EURATOM DCU, Cork, Ireland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Stuttgart, IPF, D-7000 Stuttgart, Germany. EURATOM, IST, Lisbon, Portugal. IAP, Vienna, Austria. VTT Tekes, HUT Tekes, Helsinki, Finland. RP Sips, ACC (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Nunes, Isabel/D-1627-2017; Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009; Meo, Fernando/A-3937-2012; Braams, Bastiaan/E-7687-2011; Coster, David/B-4311-2010; Silva, Antonio/N-2711-2013; Varela, Paulo/N-3408-2013; Lang, Peter/H-2507-2013; Ribeiro, Tiago/J-7404-2013; Krieger, Karl/F-9762-2014; Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010 OI Kendl, Alexander/0000-0002-4270-9160; Braams, Bastiaan/0000-0003-4086-9969; Coster, David/0000-0002-2470-9706; Silva, Antonio/0000-0002-0003-7263; Varela, Paulo/0000-0002-6865-8066; Lang, Peter/0000-0003-1586-8518; Krieger, Karl/0000-0003-0427-8184; Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955 NR 46 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 SU 12B BP B69 EP B83 AR PII S0741-3335(02)52864-5 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/12B/306 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 644FN UT WOS:000180907400009 ER PT J AU Lessner, ES Ostroumov, PN AF Lessner, ES Ostroumov, PN TI Beam dynamics studies in the driver LINAC pre-stripper section of the RIA facility SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE superconducting LINAC; heavy-ions AB The RIA facility driver LINAC consists of about 400 superconducting (SC) independently phased rf cavities. The LINAC is designed to accelerate simultaneously several charge-state beams to generate as much as 400 kW of uranium beam power. The LINAC beam dynamics is most sensitive to the focusing and accelerating structure parameters of the pre-stripper section, where the uranium beam is accelerated from 0.17 keV/u to 9.4 MeV/u. This section is designed to accept and accelerate two charge states (28 and 29) of uranium beam from an ECR ion source. The pre-stripper section must be designed to minimize the beam emittance distortion of this two-chargestate beam. In particular, the inter-cryostat spaces must be minimized and beam parameters near transitions of the accelerating and focusing lattices must be matched carefully. Several sources of possible effective emittance growth are considered in the design of the pre-stripper section and a tolerance budget is established. Numerical beam dynamics studies include realistic electric and magnetic three-dimensional field distributions in the SC rf cavities and SC solenoids. Error effects in the longitudinal beam parameters are studied. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lessner, ES (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 6 BP 885 EP 894 DI 10.1007/s12043-002-0138-9 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 628KW UT WOS:000179994800002 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, PN AF Ostroumov, PN TI Heavy-ion LINAC development for the US RIA project SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE rare isotope accelerator; RFQ; superconducting cavities; beam dynamics AB The Nuclear Science Community in the Unites States has unanimously concluded that developments in both nuclear science and its supporting technologies make building a world-leading Rare-Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility for production of radioactive beams the top priority. The RIA development effort involves several US Laboratories (ANL, JLAB, LBNL, MSU, ORNL). The RIA facility includes a CW 1.4 GeV driver LINAC and a 100 MV post-accelerator both based on superconducting (SC) cavities operating at frequencies from 48 NMz to 805 MHz. An initial acceleration in both LINACs is provided by room temperature RFQs. The driver LINAC is designed for acceleration of any ion species; from protons up to 900 MeV to uranium up to 400 MeV/u. The novel feature of the driver LINAC is an acceleration of multiple charge-state heavy-ion beams in order to achieve 400 kW beam power. Basic design concepts of the driver LINAC are given. Several new conceptual solutions in beam dynamics, room temperature and SC accelerating structures for heavy ion accelerator applications are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 6 BP 895 EP 913 DI 10.1007/s12043-002-0139-8 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 628KW UT WOS:000179994800003 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, PN Kolomiets, AA Kashinsky, DA Minaev, SA Pershin, VI Tretyakova, TE Yaramishev, SG AF Ostroumov, PN Kolomiets, AA Kashinsky, DA Minaev, SA Pershin, VI Tretyakova, TE Yaramishev, SG TI Design of 57.5 MHz CW RFQ structure for the rare isotope accelarator facility SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE RFQ; RIA AB The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility includes a driver LINAC for production of 400 kW CW heavy-ion beams., The initial acceleration of heavy ions delivered from an ECR ion source can be effectively performed by a 57.5 MHz 4 m long RFQ. The principal specifications of the RFQ are: (1) formation of extremely low longitudinal emittance; (2) stable operation over a wide range of voltage for acceleration of various ion species needed for RIA operation; (3) simultaneous acceleration of two-charge states of uranium ions. CW operation of an accelerating structure leads to a number of requirements for the resonators such as high shunt impedance, efficient water cooling of all parts of the resonant cavity, mechanical stability together with precise alignment, reliable rf contacts, a stable operating mode and fine tuning of the resonant frequency during operation. To satisfy these requirements a new resonant structure has been developed. This paper discusses beam dynamics and electrodynamics design of the RFQ cavity, as well as, some aspects of the mechanical design of this low-frequency CW RFQ. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 6 BP 977 EP 988 DI 10.1007/s12043-002-0147-8 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 628KW UT WOS:000179994800011 ER PT J AU Pardo, RC Bogaty, J Clifft, BE Sherementov, S Strickhorn, P AF Pardo, RC Bogaty, J Clifft, BE Sherementov, S Strickhorn, P TI An improved injector bunching geometry for ATLAS SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY JAN 14-18, 2002 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA DE positive ion injector; harmonic buncher; beam optics AB The bunching system of the ATLAS positive ion injector (PII) has been improved by relocating the harmonic buncher to a point significantly closer to the second stage sine-wave buncher and the injector LINAC. The longitudinal optics design has also been modified and now employs a virtual waist from the harmonic buncher feeding the second stage sine-wave buncher. This geometry improves the handling of space charge for high-current beams, significantly increases the capture fraction into the primary rf bucket and reduces the capture fraction of the unwanted parasitic rf bucket. Total capture and transport through the PII has been demonstrated as high as 80% of the injected dc beam while the population of the parasitic, unwanted rf bucket is typically less than 3% of the total transported beam. To remove this small residual parasitic component a new traveling-wave transmission-line chopper has been developed reducing both transverse and longitudinal emittance growth from the chopping process. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-ENG-38. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pardo, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Pardo, Richard/0000-0002-8264-9430 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 59 IS 6 BP 989 EP 995 DI 10.1007/s12043-002-0148-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 628KW UT WOS:000179994800012 ER PT J AU Lubeck, O Sewell, C Gu, S Chen, XA Cai, DM AF Lubeck, O Sewell, C Gu, S Chen, XA Cai, DM TI New computational approaches for de novo peptide sequencing from MS/MS experiments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE computational biology; de novo sequencing; dissociation chemistry; machine learning; mass spectrometry (MS); PepSUMS; peptide sequencing; protein identification; proteomics; tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS or MS/MS) ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB We describe computational methods to solve the problem of identifying novel proteins from tandem mass spectrometry (tandem MS or MS/MS) data and introduce new approaches that will give more accurate solutions. These new approaches integrate chemical information and knowledge into a graph-theoretic framework. Two sources of chemical information that we investigate are mass tagging and dissociation chemistry in the tandem MS process itself. We describe machine learning techniques that are used to classify peaks according to ion types based on known dissociation chemistry. We describe the algorithms that are implemented in a software code called PepSUMS. Using PepSUMS, we give results on the effectiveness of the new methods on the ultimate goal of improved protein identification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lubeck, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD DEC PY 2002 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1868 EP 1874 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.805301 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 620AC UT WOS:000179509700006 ER PT J AU Goulding, CW Parseghian, A Sawaya, MR Cascio, D Apostol, MI Gennaro, ML Eisenberg, D AF Goulding, CW Parseghian, A Sawaya, MR Cascio, D Apostol, MI Gennaro, ML Eisenberg, D TI Crystal structure of a major secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - MPT63 at 1.5-angstrom resolution SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; secreted protein MPT63; X-ray crystal structure; TB drug target; cell-host interactions ID ALIGNMENT; ANTIGENS; TARGETS; MODELS AB MPT63 is a small, major secreted protein of unknown function from Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has been shown to have immunogenic properties and has been implicated in virulence. A BLAST search identified that MPT63 has homologs only in other mycobacteria, and is therefore mycobacteria specific. As MPT63 is a secreted protein, mycobacteria specific, and implicated in virulence, MPT63 is an attractive drug target against the deadliest infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB). As part of the TB Structural Genomics Consortium, the X-ray crystal structure of MPT63 was determined to 1.5-(A) over circle ngstrom resolution with the hope of yielding functional information about MPT63. The structure of MPT63 is an antiparallel beta-sandwich immunoglobulin-like fold, with the unusual feature of the first beta-strand of the protein forming a parallel addition to the small antiparallel beta-sheet. MPT63 has weak structural similarity to many proteins with immunoglobulin folds, in particular, Homo sapiens beta2-adaptin, bovine arrestin, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin. Although the structure of MPT63 gives no conclusive evidence to its function, structural similarity suggests that MPT63 could be involved in cell-host interactions to facilitate endocytosis/phagocytosis. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE, Ctr Genomics & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Med Inst, DOE, Ctr Genomics & Prote, POB 951970, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2887 EP 2893 DI 10.1110/ps.0219002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 617FV UT WOS:000179352000012 PM 12441386 ER PT J AU Bond, HE White, RL Becker, RH O'Brien, MS AF Bond, HE White, RL Becker, RH O'Brien, MS TI FIRST J102347.6+003841: The first radio-selected cataclysmic variable SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; AM HERCULIS; SKY SURVEY; EMISSION; BINARIES; STARS AB We have identified the 1.4 GHz radio source FIRST J102347.6+003841 (hereafter FIRST J1023+0038) with a previously unknown 17th magnitude Galactic cataclysmic variable (CV). The optical spectrum resembles that of a magnetic (AM Herculis or DQ Herculis type) CV. Five nights of optical CCD photometry showed variations on timescales of minutes to hours, along with rapid flickering. A reexamination of the FIRST radio-survey data reveals that the radio detection was based on a single 6.6 mJy flare; on two other occasions, the source was below the 1 mJy survey limit. Several other magnetic CVs are known to be variable radio sources, suggesting that FIRST J1023+0038 is a new member of this class (and the first CV to be discovered on the basis of radio emission). However, FIRST J1023+0038 is several optical magnitudes fainter than the other radio-detected magnetic CVs. It remains unclear whether the source simply had a very rare and extraordinarily intense radio flare at the time of the FIRST observation, or is really an unusually radio-luminous CV; thus, further observations are urged. C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM bond@stsci.edu; rlw@stsci.edu; bob@igpp.ucllnl.org; obrien@stsci.edu NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6280 EI 1538-3873 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 114 IS 802 BP 1359 EP 1363 DI 10.1086/344381 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 617ZD UT WOS:000179390300006 ER PT J AU Kassman, RB Berman, GP Tsifrinovich, VI Lopez, GV AF Kassman, Richard B. Berman, Gennady P. Tsifrinovich, Vladimir I. Lopez, Gustavo V. TI Qubitless Quantum Logic SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Qubits; quantum logic; quantum information; Heisenberg coupling; Shor's algorithm AB We discuss the implementation of quantum logic in a system of strongly interacting particles. The implementation is qubitless since "logical qubits" do not correspond to any well-defined physical substates. As an illustration, we present the results of simulations of the quantum controlled-NOT gate and Shor's algorithm for a chain of spin-1/2 particles with Heisenberg coupling. Our proposal extends quantum information processing theory to systems with permanent strong coupling between the two-state subsystems. C1 [Kassman, Richard B.; Berman, Gennady P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kassman, Richard B.; Berman, Gennady P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kassman, Richard B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tsifrinovich, Vladimir I.] Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Lopez, Gustavo V.] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Kassman, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kassman@uiuc.edu FU Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Security Agency (NSA); Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA); National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-EIA-01-21568] FX We are grateful to Tony Leggett for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36 and the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, by the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA). R.B.K. acknowledges partial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant NSF-EIA-01-21568. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 6 BP 425 EP 437 DI 10.1023/A:1024008214556 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA V25TU UT WOS:000208501100001 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, Paul TI Language Is Physical SO QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Physical nature of language; language expressions as quantum states; Godel maps in physical theories; efficient implementability of expression creation and reading AB Some aspects of the physical nature of language are discussed. In particular, physical models of language must exist that are efficiently implementable. The existence requirement is essential because without physical models no communication or thinking would be possible. Efficient implementability for creating and reading language expressions is discussed and illustrated with a quantum mechanical model. The reason for interest in language is that language expressions can have meaning, either as an informal language or as a formal language associated with mathematical or physical theories. It is noted that any universally applicable physical theory, or coherent theory of physics and mathematics together, includes in its domain physical models of expressions for both the informal language used to discuss the theory and the expressions of the theory itself. It follows that there must be some formulas in the formal theory that express some of their own physical properties. The inclusion of intelligent systems in the domain of the theory means that the theory, e. g., quantum mechanics, must describe, in some sense, its own validation. Maps of language expressions into physical states are discussed. A spin projection example is discussed as are conditions under which such a map is a Godel map. The possibility that language is also mathematical is very briefly discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics Division [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics Division, under contract W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1570-0755 EI 1573-1332 J9 QUANTUM INF PROCESS JI Quantum Inf. Process. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 6 BP 495 EP 509 DI 10.1023/A:1024074616373 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA V25TU UT WOS:000208501100005 ER PT J AU Morris, GM Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Weissfloch, LE Coderre, JA AF Morris, GM Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Weissfloch, LE Coderre, JA TI Long-term infusions of p-boronophenylalanine for boron neutron capture therapy: Evaluation using rat brain tumor and spinal cord models SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GLIOBLASTOMA-MULTIFORME; X-RAYS; FRUCTOSE COMPLEX; RADIATION-DAMAGE; ION MICROSCOPY; IN-VITRO; IRRADIATION; B-10; TOLERANCE AB Rat 9L gliosarcoma cells infiltrating the normal brain have been shown previously to accumulate only similar to30% as much boron as the intact tumor after administration of the boronated amino acid p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). Long-term i.v. infusions of BPA were shown previously to increase the boron content of these infiltrating tumor cells significantly. Experiments to determine whether this improved BPA distribution into infiltrating tumor cells after a long-term i.v. infusion improves tumor control after BNCT in this brain tumor model and whether it has any deleterious effects in the response of the rat spinal cord to BNCT are the subjects of the present report. BPA was administered in a fructose solution at a dose of 650 mg BPA/kg by single i.p. injection or by i.v. infusion for 2 h or 6 h, at 330 :mg BPA/kg h(-1). At 1 h after the end of either the 2-h or the 6-h infusion, the CNS:blood B-10 partition ratio was 0.9:1. At 3 h after the single i.p. injection, the ratio was 0.6:1. After spinal cord irradiations, the ED50 for myeloparesis was 14.7 +/- 0.4 Gy after i.p. administration of BPA and 12.9 +/- 0.3 Gy in rats irradiated after a 6-h i.v. infusion of BPA; these values were significantly different (P < 0.001). After irradiation with 100 kVp X rays, the ED50 was 18.6 +/- 0.1 Gy. The boron compound biological effectiveness (CBE) factors calculated for the boron neutron capture dose component were 1.2 +/- 0.1 for the i.p. BPA administration protocol and 1.5 +/- 0.1 after irradiation using the 6-h i.v. BPA infusion protocol (P < 0.05). In the rat 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model, the blood boron concentrations at 1 h after the end of the 2-h infusions (330 mg BPA/kg h(-1); n = 15) or after the 6-h infusion (190 mg BPA/kg h(-1); n = 13) were 18.9 +/- 2.2 mug B-10/g and 20.7 +/- 1.8 mug B-10/g, respectively. The irradiation times were adjusted individually, based on the preirradiation blood sample, to deliver a predicted 50% tumor control dose of 8.2 Gy (similar to30 photon-equivalent Gy) to all tumors. In the present study, the long-term survival was approximately 50% and was not significantly different between the 2-h and the 6-h infusion groups. The mode of BPA administration and the time between administration and irradiation influence the B-10 partition ratio between the CNS and the blood, which in turn influences the measured CBE factor. These findings underline the need for clinical biodistribution studies to be carried out to establish B-10 partition ratios as a key component in the evaluation of modified administration protocols involving BPA. (C) 2002 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Oxford, Churchill Hosp, Res Inst, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Coderre, JA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, 166 Albany St,NW 14-2211, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 743 EP 752 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0743:LTIOPB]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000009 PM 12452777 ER PT J AU Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Barcellos-Hoff, MH TI The contribution of radiation-induced microenvironments to neoplastic progression SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Statistical-Association Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 23-26, 2002 CL DEERFIELD BEACH, FLORIDA SP American Statist Assoc ID MAMMARY-GLAND; ACTIVATION C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barcellos-Hoff, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 792 EP 793 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000023 ER PT J AU Bird, L Wustenhagen, R Aabakken, J AF Bird, L Wustenhagen, R Aabakken, J TI A review of international green power markets: recent experience, trends, and market drivers SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE deregulation; green power marketing; green pricing; customer choice AB Green power marketing-the act of differentially selling electricity generated wholly or in part from renewable sources-has emerged in more than a dozen countries around the world. Almost two million customers worldwide buy green power today. This paper reviews green power marketing activity in Australia, Canada, Japan, the US, and in a number of countries in Europe to gain an understanding of consumer demand for electricity generated from renewable sources. It also examines key factors that influence market penetration of green power products, such as product designs, pricing, incentives, marketing strategies, policies, and product certification. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. SAM Private Equ, CH-8702 Zollikon, Switzerland. RP Bird, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 6 IS 6 BP 513 EP 536 AR PII S1364-0321(02)00033-3 DI 10.1016/S1364-0321(02)00033-3 PG 24 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 624PG UT WOS:000179767900002 ER PT J AU Adams, BW DeCamp, MF Dufresne, EM Reis, DA AF Adams, BW DeCamp, MF Dufresne, EM Reis, DA TI Picosecond laser-pump, x-ray probe spectroscopy of GaAs SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEXCITED CARRIERS; LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ULTRAFAST DYNAMICS; INTRINSIC GAAS; P-TYPE; FEMTOSECOND; RELAXATION; THERMALIZATION; DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING AB A laser-pump, x-ray probe spectroscopic experiment is described, and the results are shown. The Ga K-alpha x-ray fluorescence following x-ray absorption, at the Ga K absorption edge was measured, and its increase due to excitation with subpicosecond pulses of laser light at 4.6 eV photon energy was determined. The x-ray absorption, and thus the fluorescence, is increased for about 200 ps after the laser pulse because additional final states for the x-ray absorption are cleared in the valence band by the laser excitation. The technique could eventually lead to a femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with an absolute reference energy level and also to a femtosecond x-ray detector. This is of particular importance to future short-pulse x-ray sources, such as free-electron lasers. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4150 EP 4156 DI 10.1063/1.1516849 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617ZY UT WOS:000179393200004 ER PT J AU Barlow, SE Tinkle, MD AF Barlow, SE Tinkle, MD TI "Linearizing" an ion cyclotron resonance cell SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PURE ELECTRON-PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; PENNING TRAP; TRANSPORT; PHYSICS; MODES; NOISE AB We describe an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrometer that we have built. The design of the instrument was guided in large measure by theoretical consideration; in particular we wished to investigate the effects of improved electrostatic linearity on ICR performance. We found, for instance, that the trap's performance as a mass spectrometer is essentially independent of the trapping potential. By studying both cyclotron and magnetron modes we were able to characterize both the trap and the magnet. Further, we were able to separate effects of image charge from space charge; this gave us measurements of ion number and ion cloud shape. Finally, we show that the instrument readily provides accurate mass measurements with minimal calibration. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dynam Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. RP Barlow, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999 K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4185 EP 4200 DI 10.1063/1.1518787 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617ZY UT WOS:000179393200010 ER PT J AU Song, JM Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Vo-Dinh, T AF Song, JM Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Phillips, GW Vo-Dinh, T TI Crossed-beam two-photon readout system for three-dimensional radiation dosimeters SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ACCESS-MEMORY MATERIALS; OPTICAL MEMORIES AB Three-dimensional optical random access memory (3D ORAM) materials with enormous capacity and fast access speed have shown a great potential in overcoming limitations of access and storage capacity in current memory devices. As another useful development of this 3D ORAM, we have shown the application of 3D ORAM materials as a practical dosimeter. The local heating of the polymer matrix by the deposited energy of ionizing radiation is thought to contribute to the conversion of the fluorescent photochromic dye to a nonfluorescent form. The two-photon readout system is very useful in tracking the interactions of energy of ionizing radiation deposited in a polymer matrix. However, the polymer fracturing that has occurred during two-photon readout has been an obstacle in utilization of 3D ORAM materials as a dosimeter. In this work, we further evaluated the readout system using a high-energy variable attenuator in order to prevent polymer fracturing due to the strong absorption of the 1064 nm beam by the polymer matrix. Through adjustment of the 1064 nm beam intensity using this attenuator, two-photon excited fluorescence of anthracene-doped 3D ORAM materials could be obtained without polymer fracturing. As a result of this improved procedure, a highly spatially resolved fluorescence image of anthracene-doped 3D ORAM material could be observed with the two-photon readout system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4214 EP 4217 DI 10.1063/1.1518789 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617ZY UT WOS:000179393200013 ER PT J AU Baldis, HA Dunn, J Foord, ME Rozmus, W AF Baldis, HA Dunn, J Foord, ME Rozmus, W TI Thomson scattering diagnostic of solid density plasmas using x-ray lasers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ION-ACOUSTIC-WAVES; STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; NM; DIFFRACTION; SATURATION; ABSORPTION; TARGETS AB In this article, we demonstrate through calculations and theoretical analysis the first application of an x-ray laser for probing hot, high-density plasmas (n(e)greater than or equal to10(23) cm(-3)) using a Ni-like transient collisional excitation x-ray laser as a probe. Theoretical predictions are used to diagnose the electron temperature in short-pulse (500 fs) laser-produced plasmas. The threshold power of the x-ray probe is estimated by comparing theoretical scattering levels with plasma thermal emission. The necessary spectral resolution of the instrument sufficient for resolving electron temperature is given. Effects of the electron heat flow on the ion-acoustic fluctuation spectra are presented. The outlook for these and next generation experiments are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ILSA, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alberta, Inst Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Baldis, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ILSA, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4223 EP 4228 DI 10.1063/1.1515386 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617ZY UT WOS:000179393200015 ER PT J AU Majors, PD Minard, KR Ackerman, EJ Holtom, GR Hopkins, DF Parkinson, CI Weber, TJ Wind, RA AF Majors, PD Minard, KR Ackerman, EJ Holtom, GR Hopkins, DF Parkinson, CI Weber, TJ Wind, RA TI A combined confocal and magnetic resonance microscope for biological studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROCOIL DESIGN; NMR AB Complementary data acquired with different microscopy techniques provide a basis for establishing a more comprehensive understanding of cell function in health and disease, particularly when results acquired with different methodologies can be correlated in time and space. In this article, a novel microscope is described for studying live cells simultaneously with both confocal scanning laser fluorescence optical microscopy and magnetic resonance microscopy. The various design considerations necessary for integrating these two complementary techniques are discussed, the layout and specifications of the instrument are given, and examples of confocal and magnetic resonance images of large frog cells and model tumor spheroids obtained with the compound microscope are presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wind, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 73 IS 12 BP 4329 EP 4338 DI 10.1063/1.1517146 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 617ZY UT WOS:000179393200033 ER PT J AU Wang, XR Sa, BH Zhou, DM Tai, A Xu, N Cai, X AF Wang, XR Sa, BH Zhou, DM Tai, A Xu, N Cai, X TI Enhancement of phi meson production in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions at SPS energy SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES A-MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE p-p and Pb-Pb collisions; transverse-mass distribution; 0 meson production; LUCIAE model ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; FIRECRACKER MODEL; SULFUR; GEV/C AB The phi meson yield, rapidity and transverse mass distributions in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions at 158 A GeV were studied by the hadron-string cascade model, LUCIAE. By adjusting the width parameter in q (q) over bar Gaussian like transverse momentum distribution in string fragmentation to fit the NA49 data of phi meson transverse mass distribution in p-p collisions, the obtained phi meson rapidity distribution in p-p collisions, the rapidity and transverse mass distributions in Pb-Pb collisions, and the phi meson enhancement factor in Pb-Pb relative to p-p collisions were compatible with corresponding NA49 data, which might be attributed to the collective effect in gluon emission of string and the reduction of strange quark suppression mechanisms involved in the LUCIAE model. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM wangxr@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9283 J9 SCI CHINA SER A JI Sci. China Ser. A-Math. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1582 EP 1587 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 621NT UT WOS:000179596600010 ER PT J AU Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ Russell, M Kerchner, ND AF Wolfe, AK Bjornstad, DJ Russell, M Kerchner, ND TI A framework for analyzing dialogues over the acceptability of controversial technologies SO SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY & HUMAN VALUES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; NUCLEAR WASTE; RISK COMMUNICATION; DISPUTE RESOLUTION; PUBLIC PERCEPTION; SPOTTED OWL; VALUES; CONFLICT; EXPERIENCE; ATTITUDES AB This article asks under what circumstances controversial technologies would be considered seriously for remediation instead of being rejected out of hand. To address this question, the authors developed a conceptual framework called public acceptability of controversial technologies (PACT). PACT considers site-specific, decision-oriented dialogues among the individuals and groups involved in selecting or recommending hazardous waste remediation technologies. It distinguishes technology acceptability, that is, a willingness to consider seriously from technology acceptance, the decision to deploy. The framework, integrates four dimensions: (1) an acceptability continuum that underlies decision-oriented dialogues among individuals and constituency groups, (2) the attributes of these individuals and groups, (3) the attributes of the technology at issue, and (4) the community context social, institutional, and physical. This article describes and explores PACT as a tool for understanding and better predicting the the acceptability of controversial technologies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wolfe, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 77 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0162-2439 J9 SCI TECHNOL HUM VAL JI Sci. Technol. Hum. Values PD WIN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 134 EP 159 PG 26 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA 504FF UT WOS:000172846100006 ER PT J AU Hao, Y Lal, R Owens, LB Izaurralde, RC Post, WM Hothem, DL AF Hao, Y Lal, R Owens, LB Izaurralde, RC Post, WM Hothem, DL TI Effect of cropland management and slope position on soil organic carbon pool at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil organic carbon pool; cropland management; tillage; crop rotation; manure; North Appalachian Experimental Watershed ID MATTER DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; SEQUESTRATION; AGGREGATE; ROTATION; NITROGEN; EROSION; SYSTEMS; RUNOFF AB Soil organic matter is strongly related to soil type, landscape morphology, and soil and crop management practices. Therefore, long-term (15-36-years) effects of six cropland management systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in 0-30 cm depth were studied for the period of 1939-1999 at the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds (<3 ha, Dystric Cambisol, Haplic Luvisol, and Haplic Alisol) near Coshocton, OH, USA. Six management treatments were: (1) no tillage continuous corn with NPK (NC); (2) no tillage continuous corn with NPK and manure (NTC-M); (3) no tillage corn-soybean rotation (NTR); (4) chisel tillage corn-soybean rotation (CTR); (5) moldboard tillage with corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation with improved practices (MTR-I); (6) moldboard tillage with corn-wheat-meadow-meadow rotation with prevalent practices (MTR-P). The SOC pool ranged from 24.5 Mg ha(-1) in the 32-years moldboard tillage corn (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-meadow-meadow rotation with straight row farming and annual application of fertilizer (N:P:K = 5:9:17) of 56-112 kg ha(-1) and cattle (Bos taurus) manure of 9 Mg ha(-1) as the prevalent system (MTR-P) to 65.5 Mg ha(-1) in the 36-years no tillage continuous corn with contour row farming and annual application of 170-225 kg N ha(-1) and appropriate amounts of P and K, and 6-11 Mg ha(-1) of cattle manure as the improved system (NTC-M). The difference in SOC pool among management systems ranged from 2.4 to 41 Mg ha(-1) and was greater than 25 Mg ha(-1) between NTC-M and the other five management systems. The difference in the SOC pool of NTC-M and that of no tillage continuous corn (NTC) were 16-21 Mg ha(-1) higher at the lower slope position than at the middle and upper slope positions. The effect of slope positions on SOC pools of the other management systems was significantly less (< 5 Mg ha(-1)). The effects of manure application, tillage, crop rotation, fertilizer rate, and soil and water conservation farming on SOC pool were accumulative. The NTC-M treatment with application of NPK fertilizer, lime, and cattle manure is an effective cropland management system for SOC sequestration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ARS, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lal, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 28 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00113-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00113-7 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 634UR UT WOS:000180360300007 ER PT J AU Markov, AV Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Biberin, VI Korovin, NS Gavrin, VN Efimov, GD Kalikhov, AV Kozlova, YP Veretenkin, EP Eremin, VK Verbitskaya, EM Bowles, TJ AF Markov, AV Polyakov, AY Smirnov, NB Govorkov, AV Biberin, VI Korovin, NS Gavrin, VN Efimov, GD Kalikhov, AV Kozlova, YP Veretenkin, EP Eremin, VK Verbitskaya, EM Bowles, TJ TI Electrical properties and deep levels in bulk solution grown GaAs crystal SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE semi-insulators; GaAs; deep traps; bulk growth ID PARTICLE DETECTORS; COMPENSATION AB Electrical and photoelectrical properties, deep levels spectra and microcathodoluminescence spectra were measured for bulk high-resistivity GaAs samples grown from Ga-rich solution by a synthesis solute diffusion technique. It is shown that the main portion of the grown crystal is high-resistivity p-type with electrical properties determined by deep hole traps with the level near 0.43 eV from the valence band edge. The density of these 0.43 eV hole traps was shown to decrease with increasing distance from the crystallization front and the traps were associated with the deep hole traps observed earlier in Ga-rich liquid-phase-epitaxy-grown films. The single crystalline end portion of the crystal was semi-insulating n-type with a very low (some 10(14) cm(-3)) concentration of midgap EL2 donors. This end portion of the crystal was characterized by a very high photosensitivity. Possible advantages of the use of such material in radiation detectors are briefly discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rare Met, Moscow 109017, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. RAS, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Polyakov, AY (reprint author), Inst Rare Met, B Tolmachevsky 5, Moscow 109017, Russia. RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Smirnov, Nickolai/K-8935-2015 OI Smirnov, Nickolai/0000-0002-4993-0175 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2161 EP 2168 AR PII S0038-1101(02)00180-6 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(02)00180-6 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 620DA UT WOS:000179517100021 ER PT J AU Bychkov, E Price, DL Benmore, CJ Hannon, AC AF Bychkov, E Price, DL Benmore, CJ Hannon, AC TI Ion transport regimes in chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses: from the host to the cation-related network connectivity SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE ion conducting chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses; critical percolation and modifier-controlled ion transport regimes; neutron diffraction; network connectivity ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PERCOLATION TRANSITION; AG2S-AS2S3 GLASSES; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSION; SCATTERING; SE AB Recent ionic conductivity and tracer diffusion measurements over a large range of the mobile ion content x, carried out for Ag+- and Cu+-conducting chalcogenide and chalcohalide glasses, show two distinctly different ion transport regimes above the percolation threshold at approximate to 30 ppm M+: (i) a critical percolation regime at low x, and (ii) modifier-controlled ion transport at high x. Using a number of structural and spectroscopic techniques (high-resolution neutron diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, high-energy X-ray diffraction, EXAFS, I-129-Mossbauer spectroscopy), we will show that the two regimes have a clear structural basis. Transport properties in the critical percolation domain depend almost exclusively on the connectivity of the host matrix represented by the average coordination number : the nature of the mobile cations and chemical form of the dopant or of the host network do not play any important role. In contrast, the connectivity of the cation-related structural units MYz (Y = chalcogen or halide, z = 3 or 4), evidenced by the short M-M correlations (from 2.7 to 4.2 A) and reflected by the M-M coordination number, appears to be predominant in the modifier-controlled region. Highly connected edge- or corner-sharing (ES or CS) MY units, which form at least 2D sheets or tunnels in the glass network, lead to the highest mobility of the M+ ions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Littoral, CNRS, LPCA, UMR 8101, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Bychkov, E (reprint author), Univ Littoral, CNRS, LPCA, UMR 8101, 145 Ave Marice Schumann, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749; Hannon, Alex/0000-0001-5914-1295 NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 154 SI SI BP 349 EP 359 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00572-6 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00572-6 PN B PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MP UT WOS:000179999700048 ER PT J AU Matsumura, T Kanno, R Gover, R Kawamoto, Y Kamiyama, T Mitchell, BJ AF Matsumura, T Kanno, R Gover, R Kawamoto, Y Kamiyama, T Mitchell, BJ TI Synthesis, structure and physical properties of LixNa1-xNiO2 SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE LixNa1-xNiO2; layered rock-salt; spin-glass transition ID LINIO2 AB Solid solutions of LixNa1-xNiO2 Were synthesized and their structures were determined by Rietveld analysis using time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction data. Three phases Were observed: monoclinic (C2/m) phase With x = 0.00, rhombohedral(l) (R m) phase with 0.13 < x < 0.15, rhombohedral(II) (R (3) over barm) phase with 0.70 < x < 1.00. Rietveld analysis of the rhombohedral(l) phase indicated no Ni disordering at the Li/Na (3a) site, and the disappearance of the cooperative Jahn-Teller ordering corresponds to the distance changes between the adjacent Ni layers, Magnetic properties were also measured for these phases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Chem, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, KENS, Neutron Sci Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Matsumura, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Chem, Midori Ku, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 152 SI SI BP 303 EP 309 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00316-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00316-8 PN A PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MN UT WOS:000179999600042 ER PT J AU Singhal, SC AF Singhal, SC TI Solid oxide fuel cells for stationary, mobile, and military applications SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE fuel cells; oxide; electricity (power) generation; automotive; military; electrolyte; electrodes; cost ID TECHNOLOGY; FILMS AB Among all designs of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the most progress has been achieved with the tubular design. However, the electrical resistance of tubular SOFCs is high, and specific power output (W/cm(3)) and volumetric power density are (W/cm(3)) low These low power densities make tubular SOFCs suitable only for stationary power generation and not very attractive for mobile applications. Planar SOFCs, in contrast, are capable of achieving very high power densities. Additionally, sizeable cost reductions are possible through a concept called "mass customization" that is being pursued in the US Department of Energy's Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA). This concept involves the development of a 3 - 10 kW size core planar SOFC module that can be mass produced and then combined for different size applications in stationary power generation, transportation, and military market sectors, thus eliminating the need to produce custom-designed and inherently more expensive fuel cell stacks to meet a specific power rating. This paper discusses the recent work at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the design and development of low-cost modular SOFC systems using lower temperature, anode-supported SOFCs. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singhal, SC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 469 Z9 480 U1 12 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 152 SI SI BP 405 EP 410 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00349-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00349-1 PN A PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MN UT WOS:000179999600055 ER PT J AU Kosacki, I Anderson, HU Mizutani, Y Ukai, K AF Kosacki, I Anderson, HU Mizutani, Y Ukai, K TI Nonstoichiometry and electrical transport in Sc-doped zirconia SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid State Ionics CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA DE zirconia; oxygen concluctors; nonstoichiometry; impedance spectroscopy; defect equilibria; nanocrystals; thin films ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROLYTES; IMPEDANCE; CERAMICS; SOFC AB The results of electrical conductivity measurements on ZrO2:Sc (ScSZ) ceramics as a function of oxygen activity and temperature are presented. The influence of the microstructure on electrical transport is discussed and the experimental data for dense microcrystalline specimens have been compared with those obtained for dense nanocrystalline thin films. From these results the electronic and ionic contribution to the electrical transport has been determined and correlated with microstructure. It has been found that nanocrystalline ScSZ films possess quite different nonstoichiometry compared with that observed for microcrystalline specimens in the fact that the electronic conductivity is enhanced so that it dominates the total conductivity in reducing atmospheres. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Elect Mat Appl Res Ctr, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Toho Gas Co Ltd, Tech Res Inst, Tokai, Aichi 4768501, Japan. RP Kosacki, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 152 SI SI BP 431 EP 438 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00382-X DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00382-X PN A PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 628MN UT WOS:000179999600059 ER PT J AU Higdon, D AF Higdon, Dave TI The Spatial Moving Average Workshop SO STATISTICAL MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Higdon, Dave] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1471-082X EI 1477-0342 J9 STAT MODEL JI Stat. Model. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 265 EP 265 DI 10.1191/1471082x02st042ed PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA V41FW UT WOS:000209533100001 ER PT J AU Boone, JM Makarova, OV Zyryanov, VN Tang, CM Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Divan, R AF Boone, John M. Makarova, Olga V. Zyryanov, Vladislav N. Tang, Cha-Mei Mancini, Derrick C. Moldovan, Nikolaie Divan, Ralu TI Development and Monte Carlo Analysis of Antiscatter Grids for Mammography SO TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER RESEARCH & TREATMENT LA English DT Article AB Mammography arguably demands the highest fidelity of all x-ray imaging applications, with simultaneous requirements of exceedingly high spatial and contrast resolution. Continuing technical improvements of screen-film and digital mammography systems have led to substantial improvements in image quality, and therefore improvements in the performance of anti-scatter grids are required to keep pace with the improvements in other components of the imaging chain. The development of an air-core honeycomb (cellular) grid using x-ray lithography and electroforming techniques is described, and the production of a 60 mm x 60 mm section of grid is reported. A crossed grid was constructed with 25 mu m copper septa, and a period of 550 mu m. Monte Carlo and numerical simulation methods were used to analyze the theoretical performance of the fabricated grid, and comparisons with other grid systems (Lorad HTC and carbon fiber interspaced grids) were made over a range of grid ratios. The results demonstrate essentially equivalent performance in terms of contrast improvement factor (CIF) and Bucky factor (BF) between Cu and Au honeycomb grids and the Lorad HTC (itself a copper honeycomb grid). Gold septa improved both CIF and BF performance in higher kVp, higher scatter geometries. The selectivity of honeycomb grids was far better than for linear grids, with a factor of similar to 3.9 improvement at a grid ratio of 5.0. It is concluded that using the fabrication methods described, that practical honeycomb grid structures could be produced for use in mammographic imaging, and that a substantial improvement in scatter rejection would be achieved using these devices. C1 [Boone, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Res Imaging Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Makarova, Olga V.; Zyryanov, Vladislav N.; Tang, Cha-Mei] Creatv MicroTech Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Mancini, Derrick C.; Moldovan, Nikolaie; Divan, Ralu] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boone, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Res Imaging Ctr, 4701 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jmboone@ucdavis.edu FU California Breast Cancer Research Program [7EB-0075]; National Cancer Institute [R01 CA89260, R01 CA94236]; NIH SBIR Phase II Grant [R44 CA 76752]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Dr. Boone's work was supported in part by grants from the California Breast Cancer Research Program (7EB-0075) and the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA89260 and R01 CA94236). Dr. Tang's research is supported by grants from the NIH SBIR Phase II Grant R44 CA 76752. Use of the APS was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ADENINE PRESS PI SCHENECTADY PA 2066 CENTRAL AVE, SCHENECTADY, NY 12304 USA SN 1533-0346 J9 TECHNOL CANCER RES T JI Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 1 IS 6 BP 441 EP 447 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V28FZ UT WOS:000208668000004 PM 12625771 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS Zhang, BZ AF Zhang, JS Zhang, BZ TI Theoretical and numerical investigation of flow transition in rotating curved annular pipes SO THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LAMINAR-FLOW; FLUID-FLOW; DUCTS; BIFURCATION AB Flows in rotating curved annular pipes are investigated by employing a theoretical and numerical method. The numerical results and the perturbation solutions confirm each other. The variations of the flow structure, including the secondary flow and the axial flow, with the force ratio (the ratio of the Coriolis force to the centrifugal force), the curvature and the radius ratio (the ratio of the radius of the inner circle to the radius of the outer circle of the annular pipe) are discussed in detail. The nature of the wall shear stress and the friction factor ratio are also shown. This study is the first to shows the flow transition of the flow in a rotating curved annular pipe and covers large ranges of parameters. Many interesting and previously unreported flow characteristics are obtained. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mech, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0935-4964 J9 THEOR COMP FLUID DYN JI Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 99 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s00162-002-0075-8 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 628GA UT WOS:000179983600001 ER PT J AU Seagrave, J McDonald, JD Gigliotti, AP Nikula, KJ Seilkop, SK Gurevich, M Mauderly, JL AF Seagrave, J McDonald, JD Gigliotti, AP Nikula, KJ Seilkop, SK Gurevich, M Mauderly, JL TI Mutagenicity and in vivo toxicity of combined particulate and semivolatile organic fractions of gasoline and diesel engine emissions SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE exhaust emissions; diesel; gasoline; comparative toxicity; intratracheal instillation; mutagenicity; particulate material; semivolatile organic compounds ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; AIR-POLLUTION; REACTIVE OXYGEN; VEHICLE EXHAUST; MATTER; PARTICLES; MORTALITY; AIRBORNE; INSTILLATION; ASSOCIATIONS AB Exposure to engine emissions is associated with adverse health effects. However, little is known about the relative effects of emissions produced by different operating conditions, fuels, or technologies. Rapid screening techniques are needed to compare the biological effects of emissions with different characteristics. Here, we examined a set of engine emission samples using conventional bioassays. The samples included combined particulate material and semivolatile organic compound fractions of emissions collected from normal- and high-emitter gasoline and diesel vehicles collected at 72degreesF, and from normal-emitter groups collected at 30degreesF. The relative potency of the samples was determined by statistical analysis of the dose-response curves. All samples induced bacterial mutagenicity, with a 10-fold range of potency among the samples. Responses to intratracheal instillation in rats indicated generally parallel rankings of the samples by multiple endpoints reflecting cytotoxic, inflammatory, and lung parenchymal changes, allowing selection of a more limited set of parameters for future studies. The parameters selected to assess oxidative stress and macrophage function yielded little useful information. Responses to instillation indicated little difference in potency per unit of combined particulate material and semivolatile organic compound mass between normal-emitter gasoline and diesel vehicles, or between emissions collected at different temperatures. However, equivalent masses of emissions from high-emitter vehicles of both types were more potent than those from normal- emitters. While preliminary in terms of assessing contributions of different emissions to health hazards, the results indicate that a subset of this panel of assays will be useful in providing rapid, cost-effective feedback on the biological impact of modified technology. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. SKS Consulting Serv, Silver City, NC 27344 USA. US DOE, Off Heavy Vehicle Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Seagrave, J (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 47 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.1093/toxsci/70.2.212 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 621XB UT WOS:000179615300008 PM 12441366 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Tuskan, GA Difazio, SP AF Wullschleger, SD Tuskan, GA Difazio, SP TI Genomics and the tree physiologist SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE arabidopsis; biotechnology; functional genomics; molecular biology; populus; whole-tree physiology ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; CDNA MICROARRAY; EXPRESSION; MODEL AB During the last decade, a strong case has been made for viewing trees as model systems in plant biology. More recently, forest biologists have argued for the sequencing of the genome of a forest tree. Now, the United States Department of Energy has announced plans for sequencing the genome of the Populus trichocarpa clone, "Nisqually-1" Thus, forest biology is poised to enter an exciting period of scientific discovery. Embracing new technology and new research paradigms, however, is never easy. It is, therefore, timely to ask how tree physiologists will take advantage of the Populus genome data. We contend that the most attractive opportunities will arise through genome-wide research designed to: (1) examine the differences between trees and herbaceous annuals; (2) explore questions relating to the temporal and spatial scales that characterize the life histories and growth of trees; and (3) investigate cause-and-effect relationships that are intractable to conventional research methodologies. To highlight the potential applications of genomics in tree physiology, we briefly discuss each of these approaches. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wullschlegsd@ornl.gov RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 18 BP 1273 EP 1276 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 632DP UT WOS:000180208700001 PM 12490424 ER PT J AU Smith, RD AF Smith, RD TI Trends in mass spectrometry instrumentation for proteomics SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; TAGS AB Mass spectrometry has become a primary tool for proteomics because of its capabilities for rapid and sensitive protein identification and quantitation. It is now possible to identify thousands of proteins from microgram sample quantities in a single day and to quantify relative protein abundances. However, the need for increased capabilities for proteome measurements is immense and is now driving both new strategies and instrument advances. These developments include those based on integration with multi-dimensional liquid separations and high accuracy mass measurements and promise more than order of magnitude improvements in sensitivity, dynamic range and throughput for proteomic analyses in the near future. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 20 IS 12 SU S BP S3 EP S7 AR PII S0167-7799(02)02096-6 DI 10.1016/S1471-1931(02)00197-0 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 617HT UT WOS:000179356800002 PM 12570152 ER PT J AU Spence, JCH Howells, MR AF Spence, JCH Howells, MR TI Synchrotron soft X-ray and field-emission electron sources: a comparison SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE synchrotron soft X-ray; field-emission electron guns ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; POINT-SOURCE; BRIGHTNESS; RESOLUTION; RADIATION; BEAMS; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; GUN AB The soft X-ray spectral region and the useful range of electron energy-loss spectroscopy are very similar, both including the energy range 100-1000 eV. Moreover. well-developed monochromators and parallel detection devices with comparable resolution exist for both. Despite the differing interactions of electrons and photons, many complementary experiments in imaging, spectroscopy and diffraction have been performed using both techniques, We therefore compare the brightness, degeneracy. monochromaticity, beam size, source size, spatial and temporal coherence of field-emission electron beams and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation from typical undulators. Recent brightness values for nanotip field emitters and undulators. both measured and calculated, are provided with examples from the Advanced Light Source synchrotron-radiation facility at Berkeley USA, The quantum mechanical upper limit on source brightness, as well as relationships among beam brightness, coherence parameters, and degeneracy, are discussed. Factors which limit these parameters and methods of measurement are reviewed, and the implications for diffraction, imaging and spectroscopic experiments as well as radiation damage are briefly commented on. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spence, JCH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM spence@asu.edu NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 222 AR PII S0304-3991(02)00278-4 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00278-4 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 623GL UT WOS:000179694900004 PM 12492232 ER PT J AU Rose, H AF Rose, H TI Theory of electron-optical achromats and apochromats SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE primary chromatic aberrations; secondary chromatic aberrations; electron-optical achromat; apochromat ID ABERRATION AB A detailed theoretical formulation of the primary and secondary chromatic aberrations of electron-optical systems with a straight optic axis is outlined. To simplify the mathematical expenditure only systems composed of magnetic round lenses and magnetic and electrostatic quadrupoles are taken into account. By appropriately arranging these elements, it is possible to construct feasible electron-optical analogues of light-optical achromats and apochromats. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Angew Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Rose, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 303 AR PII S0304-3991(02)00285-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(02)00285-1 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 623GL UT WOS:000179694900011 PM 12492239 ER PT J AU Lafond, EF Brodeur, PH Gerhardstein, JP Habeger, CC Telschow, KL AF Lafond, EF Brodeur, PH Gerhardstein, JP Habeger, CC Telschow, KL TI Photorefractive interferometers for ultrasonic measurements on paper SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article ID LASER GENERATION; LAMB WAVES C1 Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lafond, EF (reprint author), Inst Paper Sci & Technol, 500 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1019 EP 1023 AR PII S0041-624X(02)00252-4 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00252-4 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 623GM UT WOS:000179695000002 PM 12441178 ER PT J AU Telschow, KL Deason, VA AF Telschow, KL Deason, VA TI Imaging anisotropic elastic properties of an orthotropic paper sheet using photorefractive dynamic holography SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE laser ultrasonics; Lamb waves; anisotropic; photorefractive; holography ID LAMB WAVES; THICKNESS DIRECTION; LASER GENERATION; CONSTANTS; PLATES AB An important material property in the paper industry is the anisotropic stiffness distribution due to the fibrous microstructure of paper and to processing procedures. Ultrasonic methods offer a means of determining the stiffness of sheets of paper from the anisotropic propagation characteristics of elastic Lamb waves along the machine direction and the cross direction. That is, along and perpendicular to the direction of paper production, Currently, piezoelectric ultrasonic methods are employed in the industry to measure the elastic polar diagram of paper through multiple contacting measurements made in all directions. This paper describes a new approach utilizing the INEEL Laser Ultrasonic Camera to provide a complete image of the elastic waves traveling in all directions in the plane of the paper sheet. This approach is based on optical dynamic holographic methods that record the out of plane ultrasonic motion over the entire paper surface simultaneously without scanning. The full-field imaging technique offers great potential for increasing the speed of the measurement and it ultimately provides a substantial amount of information concerning local property variations and flaws in the paper. This report shows the success of the method and the manner in which it yields the elastic polar diagram for the paper from the dispersive flexural or antisymmetric Lamb wave. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Telschow, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1025 EP 1035 AR PII S0041-624X(02)00253-6 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00253-6 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 623GM UT WOS:000179695000003 PM 12441179 ER PT J AU Conant, RJ Telschow, KL Walter, JB AF Conant, RJ Telschow, KL Walter, JB TI Mathematical modeling of laser ablation in liquids with application to laser ultrasonics SO ULTRASONICS LA English DT Article DE laser ultrasonics; ablation ID GENERATION; SURFACE AB The use of laser ablation as a means of generating ultrasonic waves in liquid metals is studied in this paper. A mathematical model for predicting the onset of ablation is developed. as is a model of the ablation process based on steady state, one-dimensional gas dynamics in A which the vapor phase is treated as an ideal gas. The results of this model are then used in a quasi-two-dimensional model of laser ablation that accounts for the spatial distribution of intensity in the laser beam. Model predictions are compared with experiments conducted on liquid mercury and excellent agreement is obtained. Based on these results, a simplified model is developed that shows excellent agreement with both the theory and the experiments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Conant, RJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0041-624X J9 ULTRASONICS JI Ultrasonics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1065 EP 1077 AR PII S0041-624X(02)00257-3 DI 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00257-3 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 623GM UT WOS:000179695000007 PM 12441183 ER PT J AU Stephen, JM Aine, CJ Christner, RF Ranken, D Huang, MX Best, E AF Stephen, JM Aine, CJ Christner, RF Ranken, D Huang, MX Best, E TI Central versus peripheral visual field stimulation results in timing differences in dorsal stream sources as measured with MEG SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magnetoencephalography; dorsal stream; central vision; peripheral vision; onset latency ID LATERAL GENICULATE-NUCLEUS; MACAQUE MONKEY; AREA V2; CORTICAL CONNECTIONS; RESPONSE PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION; SOURCE LOCALIZATION; GANGLION-CELLS; STRIATE CORTEX AB Small achromatic circular sinusoids were presented in the central and peripheral visual fields to investigate dorsal visual stream activation. It was hypothesized that peripheral stimulation would lead to faster onset latencies, as well as preferentially activate dorsal stream visual areas relative to central field stimulation. Although both central and peripheral stimulation activated similar areas, the onset latencies of neuromagnetic sources in two dorsal stream areas were found to be significantly shorter for peripheral versus central field stimulation. The results suggest that information from central versus peripheral fields arrives in the higher-order visual areas via different routes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico VA Healthcare Syst, Ctr Funct Brain Imaging, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stephen, JM (reprint author), New Mexico VA Healthcare Syst, Ctr Funct Brain Imaging, 1501 San Pedro SE,Bldg 49 114M, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. OI Stephen, Julia/0000-0003-2486-747X NR 74 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 28 BP 3059 EP 3074 AR PII S0042-6989(02)00415-7 DI 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00415-7 PG 16 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 638JX UT WOS:000180568800007 PM 12480075 ER PT J AU Bryan, AL Gaines, KF Eldridge, CS AF Bryan, AL Gaines, KF Eldridge, CS TI Coastal habitat use by wood storks during the non-breeding season SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE coastal; foraging; habitat use; Mycteria americana; non-breeding season; roosting; Wood Stork ID INFORMATION; GEORGIA AB We documented roosting and foraging habitat use by Wood Storks during the post-breeding season in the coastal zone of Georgia from 1994-1998. Larger, more persistent aggregations of roosting storks typically occurred in enclosed wetlands on large estuarine islands. Smaller, more ephemeral aggregations tended to occur on salt marsh/upland ecotones, where storks appeared to be waiting for local conditions (tide levels) to become suitable for foraging. Examination of habitat types within a 2-km radius of the larger (mean > 10 storks/survey) vs. smaller (mean <10 storks/survey) roosts showed that surrounding habitat structure, including those used for foraging, were similar. Foraging storks typically fed in close proximity (median = 0.5 km) to large roosts, much closer than storks using coastal wetlands during the breeding season. Tidal creeks were used almost exclusively as foraging habitat (92%). Storks and other wading birds were almost always present when the study bird arrived. The foraging patterns of study birds and four storks carrying radios suggested that storks often used the same foraging sites and/ or marsh systems in the non-breeding season. Coastal Wood Storks apparently selected roosting sites based on the presence of conspecifics, abundant local prey, or possibly as shelter from adverse weather conditions. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Bryan, AL (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0429:CHUBWS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 620LW UT WOS:000179535700006 ER PT J AU Dietz-Brantley, SE Taylor, BE Batzer, DP DeBiase, AE AF Dietz-Brantley, SE Taylor, BE Batzer, DP DeBiase, AE TI Invertebrates that aestivate in dry basins of Carolina bay wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE aestivation; rehydration; invertebrates; wetland ponds ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CYCLOPOID COPEPODS; HABITAT DURATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; TEMPORARY POND; EMERGENCE; PREDATION; GRADIENT AB Water levels fluctuate widely in Carolina bay wetlands and most dry periodically. Aquatic organisms inhabiting these wetlands have the capacity to either resist desiccation or to recolonize newly flooded habitats. The objective of this study was to determine which invertebrates aestivate in the soil of dry Carolina bays and to describe how differences in habitat affect the composition of aestivating invertebrates. Eight Carolina bays located on the Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina, USA were examined for this study. Although all of the wetlands dried seasonally, three of the wetlands were relatively wet (inundated 47-92% of the year on average), one was intermediate, and four were relatively dry (inundated 20% of year on average). Sections of soil were removed from each bay during August and November when all sites were dry, placed into tubs, flooded, and covered with fine mesh. Invertebrates were sampled from the water biweekly for four weeks. Invertebrate assemblages were contrasted between naturally inundated bays and rehydrated samples, wetter and drier bays, August and November collections, and remnant ditches and the main basins. Common aestivating fauna included midges, dytiscid beetles, copepods, and cladocerans. The Jaccard's coefficient of similarity for invertebrates emerging from dry substrate and from naturally flooded wetlands (with both aestivators and colonizers) averaged 0.22. More taxa emerged from rehydrated samples from wetter bays than drier bays. Season affected which taxa emerged. Remnant ditches supported fewer taxa than basins. Aestivating invertebrates make up a significant component of Carolina bay fauna. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Batzer, DP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 767 EP 775 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0767:ITAIDB]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 632YU UT WOS:000180253100013 ER PT J AU Sewards, TV Sewards, MA AF Sewards, TV Sewards, MA TI The medial pain system: Neural representations of the motivational aspect of pain SO BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE pain motivation; anterior cingulate cortex; intralaminar thalamic nuclei; posterior hypothalamic nucleus; periaqueductal gray; contextual conditioning; avoidance behavior ID MIDBRAIN PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; LATERAL RETICULAR NUCLEUS; PREFRONTAL CORTICAL PROJECTIONS; PARAFASCICULAR THALAMIC NUCLEI; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; MEDULLARY DORSAL HORN; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS-LEUKOAGGLUTININ; CENTRAL AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS AB In this article, we propose that the pathways mediating the motivational aspect of pain originate in laminae VII and VIII of the spinal cord, and in the deep layers of the spinal trigeminal complex, and projections from these areas reach three central structures where pain motivation is represented, the ventrolateral quadrant of the periaqueductal gray, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. A final representation of the motivational aspect of pain is located within the anterior cingulate cortex, and this representation receives inputs from the intralaminar nuclei. Outputs from these representations reach premotor structures located in the medulla, striatum, and cingulate premotor cortex. We discuss pathways and structures that provide inputs to these representations, including those involved in producing involuntary (innate) and instrumental responses which occur in response to the recognition of stimuli associated with footshock and other nociceptive stimuli. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Res Ctr, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. RP Sewards, TV (reprint author), Sandia Res Ctr, 21 Perdiz Canyon Rd, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. NR 259 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0361-9230 J9 BRAIN RES BULL JI Brain Res. Bull. PD NOV 30 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 163 EP 180 AR PII S0361-9230(02)00864-X DI 10.1016/S0361-9230(02)00864-X PG 18 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 618NW UT WOS:000179425000001 PM 12431746 ER PT J AU Thompson, LH Schild, D AF Thompson, LH Schild, D TI Recombinational DNA repair and human disease SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE chromosomal instability; ataxia telangiectasia; Bloom syndrome; Werner syndrome; Fanconi anemia; BRCA1; BRCA2 ID NIJMEGEN-BREAKAGE-SYNDROME; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK; ATM-DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; EARLY EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; HOMOLOGY-DIRECTED REPAIR; BLOOMS-SYNDROME GENE; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM VARIANT; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; ROTHMUND-THOMSON-SYNDROME AB We review the genes and proteins related to the homologous recombinational repair (HRR) pathway that are implicated in cancer through either genetic disorders that predispose to cancer through chromosome instability or the occurrence of somatic mutations that contribute to carcinogenesis. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), and an ataxia-like disorder (ATLD), are chromosome instability disorders that are defective in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), NBS, and Mre11 genes, respectively. These genes are critical in maintaining cellular resistance to ionizing radiation (IR), which kills largely by the production of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Bloom syndrome involves a defect in the BLM helicase, which seems to play a role in restarting DNA replication forks that are blocked at lesions, thereby promoting chromosome stability. The Werner syndrome gene (WRN) helicase, another member of the RecQ family like BLM, has very recently been found to help mediate homologous recombination. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically complex chromosomal instability disorder involving seven or more genes, one of which is BRCA2. FA may be at least partially caused by the aberrant production of reactive oxidative species. The breast cancer-associated BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins are strongly implicated in HRR; BRCA2 associates with Rad51 and appears to regulate its activity. We discuss in detail the phenotypes of the various mutant cell lines and the signaling pathways mediated by the ATM kinase. ATM's phosphorylation targets can be grouped into oxidative stress-mediated transcriptional changes, cell cycle checkpoints, and recombinational repair. We present the DNA damage response pathways by using the DSB as the prototype lesion, whose incorrect repair can initiate and augment karyotypic abnormalities. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30990] NR 378 TC 302 Z9 314 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD NOV 30 PY 2002 VL 509 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 78 AR PII S00270-5107(02)00224-5 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00224-5 PG 30 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 618FD UT WOS:000179407300006 PM 12427531 ER PT J AU Nordahl, TE Salo, R Possin, K Gibson, DR Flynn, N Leamon, M Galloway, GP Pfefferbaum, A Spielman, DM Adalsteinsson, E Sullivan, EV AF Nordahl, TE Salo, R Possin, K Gibson, DR Flynn, N Leamon, M Galloway, GP Pfefferbaum, A Spielman, DM Adalsteinsson, E Sullivan, EV TI Low N-acetyl-aspartate and high choline in the anterior cingulum of recently abstinent methamphetamine-dependent subjects: a preliminary proton MRS study SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE methamphetamine; imaging; MRS; N-acetyl-aspartate; choline; anterior cingulum ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; SEROTONIN NEURONS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN BRAIN; RAT-BRAIN; METHYLAMPHETAMINE AB Studies based on animal models report that methamphetamine (MA) abuse diminishes dopamine (DA) and serotonin innervation in frontal brain regions. In this in vivo human study, we used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which yields measures of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a marker of living neurons, to examine frontal brain regions possibly affected by methamphetamine dependence (MD). We tested the hypothesis that MD subjects would exhibit abnormally low levels of NAA, referenced to creatine (Cr), in anterior cingulate gray matter. We further hypothesized that the primary visual cortex, which receives relatively less DA innervation than the frontal brain regions, would show normal NAA/Cr ratios in MD subjects. Subjects included nine MD men (mean+/-standard deviation (S.D.) = 32.5+/-6.4 years) and nine age-matched control men (mean+/-S.D. =32.7+/-6.8 years). The MD subjects were MA-free for 4-13 weeks. Proton MRS metabolites were expressed as ratios of creatine; the absolute values of which did not distinguish controls and MD subjects. With regard to metabolite ratios, the MD men had significantly lower NAA/Cr in the cingulum (mean+/-standard error (S.E.): control = 1.46+/-0.03; MD = 1.30+/-0.03; Mann-Whitney P=0.01) but not in the visual cortex (mean+/-S.E.: control=1.64+/-0.06; MD=1.69+/-11; Mann-Whitney P=0.52) relative to controls. These results provide evidence for NAA/Cr deficit that is selective to the anterior cingulum, at least with respect to visual cortex, in MD subjects. The neuronal compromise that these changes reflect may contribute to the attentional deficits and dampened reward system in MD. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Neurosci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. SRI Int, Program Neurosci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Internal Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Haight Ashbury Free Clin, San Francisco, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Radiol, Lucas MRS Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Nordahl, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 2230 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RI Adalsteinsson, Elfar/F-2477-2010; Nordahl, Thomas/J-7643-2013 OI Nordahl, Thomas/0000-0002-8627-0356 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR09784]; NIAAA NIH HHS [AA10723, AA12388]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA10641] NR 52 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 13 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0925-4927 J9 PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM JI Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging PD NOV 30 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 52 AR PII S0925-4927(02)00088-4 DI 10.1016/S0925-4927(02)00088-4 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 621QT UT WOS:000179601500004 PM 12426033 ER PT J AU Itoh, A Schilmiller, AL McCaig, BC Howe, GA AF Itoh, A Schilmiller, AL McCaig, BC Howe, GA TI Identification of a jasmonate-regulated allene oxide synthase that metabolizes 9-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIVINYL ETHER SYNTHASE; HYDROPEROXIDE ISOMERASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FATTY-ACIDS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIPID-METABOLISM; CORN GERM; LIPOXYGENASE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a cytochrome P-450 (CYP74A) that catalyzes the first step in the conversion of 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid to jasmonic acid and related signaling molecules in plants. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of a novel AOS-encoding cDNA (LeAOS3) from Lycopersicon esculentum whose predicted amino acid sequence classifies it as a member of the CYP74C subfamily of enzymes that was hitherto not known to include AOSs. Recombinant LeAOS3 expressed in Escherichia coli showed spectral characteristics of a P-450. The enzyme transformed 9-and 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acid to alpha-ketol, gamma-ketol, and cyclopentenone compounds that arise from spontaneous hydrolysis of Unstable allene oxides, indicating that the enzyme is an AOS. Kinetic assays demonstrated that LeAOS3 was approximate to10-fold morel active against 9-hydroperoxides than the corresponding 13-isomers. LeAOS3 transcripts accumulated in roots, but were undetectable in aerial parts of mature plants. In contrast to wild-type plants, LeAOS3 expression was undetectable in roots of a tomato mutaint that is defective in jasmonic acid signaling. These findings suggest that LeAOS3 plays a role in the metabolism of 9-lipoxygenase-derived hydroperoxides in roots, and that this branch of oxylipin biosynthesis is regulated by the jasmonate signaling cascade. C1 Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Howe, GA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 57 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 48 BP 46051 EP 46058 DI 10.1074/jbc.M207234200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 620JB UT WOS:000179529300046 PM 12351632 ER PT J AU Brown, MT McBride, KM Baniecki, ML Reich, NC Marriotti, G Mangel, WF AF Brown, MT McBride, KM Baniecki, ML Reich, NC Marriotti, G Mangel, WF TI Actin can act as a cofactor for a viral proteinase in the cleavage of the cytoskeleton SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ADENOVIRUS PROTEINASE; CYTOKERATIN NETWORK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HELA-CELLS; PROTEASE; ACTIVATION; PEPTIDE; BINDING; PURIFICATION; PROFILIN AB Cytoskeletal. proteins are exploited by many viruses during infection. We report a novel finding that actin can act as a cofactor for the adenovirus proteinase (AVP) in the degradation of cytoskeletal proteins. Transfection studies in HeLa cells revealed AVP localized with cytokeratin 18, and this was followed by destruction of the cytokeratin network. For AVP to cleave cytokeratin 18, a cellular cofactor was shown to be required, consistent with AVP being synthesized as an inactive proteinase. Actin was considered a cellular cofactor for AVP, because the C terminus of actin is homologous to a viral cofactor for AVP. AVP was shown to bind to the C terminus of actin, and in doing so AVP exhibited full enzymatic activity. In vitro, actin was a cofactor in the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 by AVP. The proteinase alone could not cleave cytokeratin 18, but in the presence of actin, AVP cleaved cytokeratin 18. Indeed, actin itself was shown to be a cofactor and a substrate for its own destruction in that it was cleaved by AVP in vitro. Cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins weakens the structure of the cell, and therefore, actin as a cofactor may play a role in cell lysis and release of nascent virions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Mangel@BNL.Gov RI mcbride, kevin/E-8230-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [P01CA28146, R01CA50733]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41599] NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 29 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 48 BP 46298 EP 46303 DI 10.1074/jbc.M202988200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 620JB UT WOS:000179529300079 PM 12191991 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Piatkowski, W Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Piatkowski, W Guiochon, G TI Comparison of the adsorption equilibrium of a few low-molecular mass compounds on a monolithic and a packed column in reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption isotherms; monolithic columns; frontal analysis; isotherm modeling; adsorption equilibrium; extended liquid-solid BET model ID POROUS SILICA COLUMNS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; BAND PROFILES; PERFORMANCE; SEPARATION; PROTEIN; MODELS; HPLC; SPECTROMETRY; EXCHANGERS AB Adsorption isotherm data were acquired by frontal analysis for several low-molecular mass compounds (3-phenyl 1-propanol, 4-tert.-butylphenol, butylbenzene, and butyl benzoate) on a classical packed column and a monolithic column using methanol-water RP-HPLC conditions. These columns have similar characteristics (C-18-bonded silica, close specific surface areas and bonding densities). In each case, the isotherm model best accounting for the data was the same on both columns. The solute polarity determines the class of this model. For the two -OH compounds it was a Langmuirian adsorption isotherm. The hydrocarbon data were best modeled by an anti-Langmuir convex-downward isotherm model. The adsorption data for the aromatic ester exhibited a nearly linear behavior, depending on the methanol concentration of the mobile phase. A slightly convex downward isotherm was obtained at high methanol concentrations while the best fitting was obtained with a liquid-solid extended multilayer B.E.T. isotherm model at low concentrations. The validation of these models is discussed in detail. In all cases, similar values of the adsorption-desorption constants were found, underlining the closeness of the adsorption energies on both columns. By contrast, the adsorption capacity of the monolithic column was found to be approximately 1.4 greater than that of the packed column in spite of the close values of the surface areas of the silica in both columns. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 58 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 29 PY 2002 VL 978 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 107 AR PII S0021-9673(02)01279-7 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01279-7 PG 27 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 614TW UT WOS:000179207700006 PM 12458947 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Khare, A Sukhatme, U AF Cooper, F Khare, A Sukhatme, U TI Periodic solutions of nonlinear equations obtained by linear superposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID ELLIPTIC FUNCTION EXPANSION; WAVE SOLUTIONS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; STATIONARY SOLUTIONS; QUADRATURE; REDUCTION; SOLITONS AB We show that a type of linear superposition principle works for several nonlinear differential equations. Using this approach we find periodic solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the lambdaphi(4) model, the sine-Gordon equation and the Boussinesq equation by making appropriate linear superpositions of known-periodic solutions. This unusual procedure for generating solutions of nonlinear differential equations is successful as a consequence of. some powerful, recently discovered, cyclic identities satisfied by the Jacobi elliptic functions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. RP Cooper, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD NOV 29 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 47 BP 10085 EP 10100 AR PII S0305-4470(02)38002-8 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/35/47/309 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 633NG UT WOS:000180288900015 ER PT J AU He, X Zha, HY Ding, CHQ Simon, HD AF He, X Zha, HY Ding, CHQ Simon, HD TI Web document clustering using hyperlink structures SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE World Wide Web; graph partitioning; cheeger constant; clustering method; K-means method; normalized cut method; eigenvalue decomposition; link structure; similarity metric ID GRAPHS; EIGENVECTORS; ALGORITHM; MATRICES AB With the exponential growth of information on the World Wide Web, there is great demand for developing efficient methods for effectively organizing the large amount of retrieved information. Document clustering plays an important role in information retrieval and taxonomy management for the Web. In this paper we examine three clustering methods: K-means, multi-level METIS, and the recently developed normalized-cut-method using a new approach of combining textual information, hyperlink structure and co-citation relations into a single similarity metric. We found the normalized-cut method with the new similarity metric is particularly effective, as demonstrated on three datasets of web query results. We also explore some theoretical connections between the normalized-cut method and the K-means method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 19 EP 45 AR PII S0167-9473(02)00070-1 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00070-1 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 615NV UT WOS:000179253400003 ER PT J AU Fodor, IK Kamath, C AF Fodor, IK Kamath, C TI Dimension reduction techniques and the classification of bent double galaxies SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE data mining; exploratory data analysis; feature selection; dimension reduction; classification; decision trees; generalized linear models ID RADIO AB As data mining gains acceptance in the analysis of massive data sets, it is becoming clear that there is a need for algorithms that can handle not only the massive size, but also the high dimensionality of the data. Certain pattern recognition algorithms can become computationally intractable when the number of features reaches hundreds or even thousands, while others can break down if there are large correlations among the features. A common solution to these problems is to reduce the dimension, either in conjunction with the pattern recognition algorithm or independent of it. We describe how dimension reduction techniques can be applied in the context of a specific data mining application, namely, the classification of radio-galaxies with a bent double morphology. We discuss certain statistical and exploratory data analysis methods to reduce the number of features, and the subsequent improvements in the performance of decision tree and generalized linear model classifiers. We show that a careful extraction and selection of features is necessary for the successful application of data mining techniques. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 91 EP 122 AR PII S0167-9473(02)00061-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00061-0 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 615NV UT WOS:000179253400006 ER PT J AU Bylaska, EJ Dixon, DA Felmy, AR Tratnyek, PG AF Bylaska, EJ Dixon, DA Felmy, AR Tratnyek, PG TI One-electron reduction of substituted chlorinated methanes as determined from ab initio electronic structure theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; GAS-PHASE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AB Substituted chloromethyl radicals and anions are potential intermediates in the reduction of substituted chlorinated methanes (CHxCl3-xL,with L- = F-, OH-, SH-, NO3-, HCO3- and x = 0-3). Thermochemical properties, DeltaH(f)(0)(298.15 K), Sdegrees(298.15 K, 1 bar), and DeltaG(S)(298.15 K, 1 bar), were calculated by using ab initio electronic structure methods for the substituted chloromethyl radicals and anions: CHyCl2-yL. and CHyCl2-yL-, for y = 0-2. In addition, thermochemical properties were calculated for the aldehyde, ClHCO, and the gemchlorchydrin anions, CCl3O-, CHCl2O-, and CH2ClO-. The thermochemical properties of these additional compounds were calculated because the nitrate-substituted compounds, CHyCl2-y(NO3)(.) and CHyCl2-y(NO3)(-), were not stable, with all levels of ab initio theory leading to highly dissociated complexes. On the basis of these thermochemical estimates, the overall reaction energetics (in the gas phase and aqueous phase) for several mechanisms of the first electron reduction of the substituted chlorinatedmethanes were predicted. In almost all of the cases, the thermodynamically most favorable pathway resulted in loss of Cl-. The exception was for the reduction of the nitrate-substituted chlorinated methanes CHCl3-x(NO3). On reduction, these compounds were shown to readily decompose into a Cl- anion, NO2. gas, and an aldehyde. In addition, the results of this study suggest that a higher degree of chlorination corresponds to a more favorable reduction. Relative to the nonsubstituted chlorinated methanes, the thermodynamic results suggest the CHCl3-xF, CHxCl3-xOH, and CHxCl3-x(HCO3) compounds are moderately more difficult to reduce, the CHxCl3-xSH compounds are moderately less difficult to reduce, and the CHxCl3-x(NO3) compounds are substantially more favorable to reduce. These results demonstrate that ab initio electronic structure methods can be used to calculate the reduction potentials of organic compounds to help identify the potentially important environmental degradation reactions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Bylaska, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 126 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 47 BP 11581 EP 11593 DI 10.1021/jp021327k PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 620QG UT WOS:000179543600021 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Wong, SS TI Rational sidewall functionalization and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes by solution-phase ozonolysis SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; GAS-PHASE; CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; REACTIVITY; OXIDATION; REAGENTS; STRAIN; SWNTS; OZONE AB A dispersion of raw HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes in methanol has been subjected to ozonolysis at -78degreesC, followed by treatment with various reagents, in independent runs, to generate a higher proportion of carboxylic acid/ester, ketone/aldhehyde, and alcohol groups, respectively, on the nanotube surface. This protocol has been found to purify nanotubes by removing amorphous carbon and metal impurities. More importantly, as had been theoretically predicted, the reaction sequence has been found to ozonize (and hence, oxygenate) the sidewalls of these nanotubes, thereby broadening the chemical processability and reactivity of these nanomaterials. The derivatized materials have been characterized by means of SEM and TEM, and spectroscopically, using Raman, UV-vis-near-IR, and, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 60 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 47 BP 12144 EP 12151 DI 10.1021/jp026304k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 620QJ UT WOS:000179543800010 ER PT J AU Percy, KE Awmack, CS Lindroth, RL Kubiske, ME Kopper, BJ Isebrands, JG Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR Dickson, RE Zak, DR Oksanen, E Sober, J Harrington, R Karnosky, DF AF Percy, KE Awmack, CS Lindroth, RL Kubiske, ME Kopper, BJ Isebrands, JG Pregitzer, KS Hendrey, GR Dickson, RE Zak, DR Oksanen, E Sober, J Harrington, R Karnosky, DF TI Altered performance of forest pests under atmospheres enriched by CO2 and O-3 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ASPEN; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Human activity causes increasing background concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 and O-3(1). Increased levels of CO2 can be found in all terrestrial ecosystems(2). Damaging O-3 concentrations currently occur over 29% of the world's temperate and subpolar forests but are predicted to affect fully 60% by 2100 (ref. 3). Although individual effects of CO2 and O-3 on vegetation have been widely investigated, very little is known about their interaction, and long-term studies on mature trees and higher trophic levels are extremely rare(4). Here we present evidence from the most widely distributed North American tree species(5), Populus tremuloides, showing that CO2 and O-3, singly and in combination, affected productivity, physical and chemical leaf defences and, because of changes in plant quality, insect and disease populations. Our data show that feedbacks to plant growth from changes induced by CO2 and O-3 in plant quality and pest performance are likely. Assessments of global change effects on forest ecosystems must therefore consider the interacting effects of CO2 and O-3 on plant performance, as well as the implications of increased pest activity. C1 Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Rothamsted Res, Plant & Invertebrate Ecol Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Percy, KE (reprint author), Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RI Lindroth, Richard/A-8538-2009; Zak, Donald/C-6004-2012 OI Lindroth, Richard/0000-0003-4587-7255; NR 30 TC 193 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 49 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6914 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1038/nature01028 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 619TZ UT WOS:000179494700036 PM 12459738 ER PT J AU Altfeld, M Allen, TM Yu, XG Johnston, MN Agrawal, D Korber, BT Montefiori, DC O'Connor, DH Davis, BT Lee, PK Maier, EL Harlow, J Goulder, PJR Brander, C Rosenberg, ES Walker, BD AF Altfeld, M Allen, TM Yu, XG Johnston, MN Agrawal, D Korber, BT Montefiori, DC O'Connor, DH Davis, BT Lee, PK Maier, EL Harlow, J Goulder, PJR Brander, C Rosenberg, ES Walker, BD TI HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8(+) T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; TYPE-1 INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VIREMIA; LYMPHOCYTES; DISCONTINUATION; VACCINATION; PREVENTION; MACAQUES; AIDS AB Early treatment of acute HIV-1 infection followed by treatment interruptions has shown promise for enhancing immune control of infection(1-3). A subsequent loss of control, however, allows the correlates of protective immunity to be assessed. Here we show that sudden breakthrough of plasma viraemia occurred after prolonged immune containment in an individual infected with HIV-1 at a time when 25 distinct CD8(+) T-cell epitopes in the viral proteins Gag, RT, Integrase, Env, Nef, Vpr, Vif and Rev were being targeted. Sequencing of the virus in plasma and cells showed that superinfection with a second clade-B virus was coincident with the loss of immune control. This sudden increase in viraemia was associated with a decline in half of the CD8(+) T-cell responses. The declining CD8(+) T-cell responses were coupled with sequence changes relative to the initial virus that resulted in impaired recognition. Our data show that HIV-1 superinfection can occur in the setting of a strong and broadly directed virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell response. The lack of cross-protective immunity for closely related HIV-1 strains, despite persistent recognition of multiple CD8 epitopes, has important implications for public health and vaccine development. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div AIDS, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Reg Primate Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53715 USA. Nuffield Dept Med, Dept Pediat, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. RP Walker, BD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02129 USA. RI Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011; OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; o'connor, david/0000-0003-2139-470X NR 27 TC 233 Z9 241 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6914 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1038/nature01200 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 619TZ UT WOS:000179494700044 PM 12459786 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Grabowska-Bold, I Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Whitmore, JJ Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Bodmann, B Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Ziegler, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Lohrmann, E Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Sztuk, J Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Breitweg, J Chapin, D Cross, R Kcira, D Lammers, S Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Menary, S AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Kind, O Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF Robins, S Rodrigues, E Scott, J Tapper, RJ Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Paganis, S Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Bednarek, B Grabowska-Bold, I Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Mindur, B Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Borras, K Chiochia, V Crittenden, J Dannheim, D Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Geiser, A Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hebbel, K Hillert, S Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labes, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Martens, J Martinez, M Milite, M Moritz, M Notz, D Petrucci, MC Polini, A Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Whitmore, JJ Wichmann, R Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Coldewey, C Viani, ALD Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Coppola, N Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Glasman, C Lee, SW Lupi, A McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Bodmann, B Gendner, N Holm, U Salehi, H Wick, K Yildirim, A Ziegler, A Carli, T Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Lohrmann, E Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Metlica, F Miller, DB Tapper, AD Walker, R Cloth, P Filges, D Kuze, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Ahn, SH Lee, SB Park, SK Lim, H Son, D Barreiro, F Garcia, G Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Redondo, I Terron, J Vazquez, M Barbi, M Bertolin, A Corriveau, F Ochs, A Padhi, S Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Bashkirov, V Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Vlasov, NN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Engelen, J Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Schagen, S Tassi, E Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Boogert, S Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Grosse-Knetter, J Matsushita, T Rigby, M Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Adamczyk, L Iannotti, L Oh, BY Saull, PRB Toothacker, WS Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Kohno, T Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Sabetfakhri, A Butterworth, JM Gwenlan, C Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Lightwood, MS West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Sztuk, J Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Karshon, U Breitweg, J Chapin, D Cross, R Kcira, D Lammers, S Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Straub, PB Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Menary, S CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Searches for excited fermions in ep collisions at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LUND MONTE-CARLO; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; JET FRAGMENTATION; LEPTON PRODUCTION; E+E-PHYSICS; ZEUS; CONSTRUCTION; GENERATOR; ENERGY; CALORIMETER AB Searches in ep collisions for heavy excited fermions have been performed with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Excited states of electrons and quarks have been searched for in e(+)p collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 300 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 47.7 pb(-1). Excited electrons have been sought via the decays e* --> egamma, e* --> eZ and e* --> nuW. Excited quarks have been sought via the decays q* --> qgamma and q* --> qW. A search for excited neutrinos decaying via nu* --> nugamma, nu* --> vZ and nu* --> eW is presented using e(-) p collisions at 318 GeV centre-of-mass energy, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.7 pb(-1). No evidence for any excited fermion is found, and limits on the characteristic couplings are derived for masses less than or similar to250 GeV. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Piemonte Orientale, I-28100 Novara, Italy. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 549 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 47 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02863-0 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02863-0 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 621ZY UT WOS:000179622600006 ER PT J AU Cotanch, SR Williams, RA AF Cotanch, SR Williams, RA TI Probing proton strangeness with time-like virtual Compton scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Compton scattering; phi photoproduction; vector meson dominance; nucleon form factors; nucleon strangeness; phi N coupling ID VECTOR-MESON DOMINANCE; PHI-MESON; OZI-RULE; KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION; NUCLEON STRANGENESS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; QUARK CONTENT; ANNIHILATION; MODEL; REST AB We document that p(gamma, e(+) e(-))p measurements will yield new, important information about the off-shell time-like nucleon form factors, especially in the phi meson region (q(2) = M-phi(2)) governing the phiN couplings g(phiNN)(V,T). Calculations for p(gamma, e(+) e(-)) p, utilizing vector meson dominance, predict measurable phi enhancements at high \t\ compared to the expected phi background production from pi, eta and Pomeron exchange. The phi form factor contribution generates a novel experimental signature for OZI violation and the proton strangeness content. The phiN couplings are determined independently from a combined analysis of the neutron electric form factor and recent high \t\ phi photoproduction. The pi, eta and Pomeron transition form factors are also predicted and the observed pi and eta transition moments are reproduced. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Hampton Univ, Nucl Phys Grp, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Cotanch, SR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 549 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 92 AR PII S0370-2693(02)02869-1 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02869-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 621ZY UT WOS:000179622600012 ER PT J AU Tan, KL Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Tan, KL Bergman, RG Ellman, JA TI Intermolecular coupling of isomerizable alkenes to heterocycles via rhodium-catalyzed C-H bond activation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMIDAZOLIUM CATION; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; CARBENE COMPLEXES; PD C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu; jellman@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 5050353] NR 18 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 27 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 47 BP 13964 EP 13965 DI 10.1021/ja0281129 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 618DY UT WOS:000179404200002 PM 12440873 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR Sprehn, DW Ichord, HA AF Manaa, MR Sprehn, DW Ichord, HA TI Prediction of extended aromaticity for a novel C48N12 azafullerene structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 27 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 47 BP 13990 EP 13991 DI 10.1021/ja0281885 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 618DY UT WOS:000179404200015 PM 12440886 ER PT J AU Benin, V Kaszynski, P Radziszewski, JG AF Benin, V Kaszynski, P Radziszewski, JG TI Ambident ethyl N-nitrosocarbamate anion: Experimental and computational studies of alkylation and thermal stability SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NITROSO COMPOUNDS; ENOLATE IONS; NITROSAMINES; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY AB Alkylation of N-nitrosourethane tetrabutylammonium salt (2-BU4N) with four electrophiles (Mel, Etl, i-Prl, and PhCH2Br) was studied by H-1 NMR in CD2CI2 and CD3CN solutions. The ratio of the three regioisomers N-alkyl-N-nitrosourethane 3, azoxy 4, and O-alkyldiazotate 5 was practically independent of solvent but dependent on the nature of the electrophile. The anion 2 and O-alkyl derivative 5 are thermally unstable and decompose to ethyl carbonates 9 and 10, respectively, with a first-order rate constant (2-BU4N k = 18.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(-5) s(-1); 5b (R = Et): k = 1.77 +/- 0.02 x 10(-5) s(-1); 5d (R = PhCH2): k = 4.78 +/- 0.08 x 10(-5) s(-1) at 35 degreesC in CD2Cl2). Further kinetic measurements gave activation parameters for the decomposition of 2 (E-a = 24.2 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol and In A = 30.9 +/- 0.1). Gas-phase calculalations at the MP2(fc)/6-31+G(d)HMP2(fc)/6-31G(d) level showed that the alkylation of 2 involves the lone electron pairs of the N-N-O atoms, and the calculated activation energies correspond well to the observed ratio of regioisomers; 3-5. The theoretical analysis of the decomposition processes supports a concerted mechanism with a four-center transition state in the first step for all four compounds. The calculated activation energy order (2 < 5 < 3 < 4) is consistent with the observed order of stability. Decomposition of 2 and 5 is a unimolecular process, giving carbonates 9 and 10 in a single step. In contrast, rearrangement of 3 and 4 leads to alkyl diazonium ions. A detailed theoretical analysis indicates that the rate-determining step for thermal decomposition of 2 is the loss of molecular nitrogen, while in 5 it is the trans-cis isomerization process. The nonconcerted process involving homolytic cleavage of the O-N bond in 5 was found to be significantly less favorable. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Organ Mat Res Grp, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kaszynski, P (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Organ Mat Res Grp, Box 1583, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM PIOTR@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 27 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 47 BP 14115 EP 14126 DI 10.1021/ja0209058 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 618DY UT WOS:000179404200039 PM 12440910 ER PT J AU Mezhenny, S Sorescu, DC Maksymovych, P Yates, JT AF Mezhenny, S Sorescu, DC Maksymovych, P Yates, JT TI Dissociation of CH3I on the Al(111) surface - An STM and density functional theory study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; METAL-SURFACES; PLANE-WAVE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ELIMINATION-REACTIONS; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION AB The reaction of methyl iodide with the Al(1 1 1) surface was studied by room-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and by first principles calculations. It was found that at 300 K methyl iodide decomposes on the AI(I 11) surface, forming methyl (CH3) methylidyne (CH), and adsorbed iodine. Methyl groups are observed to occupy atop sites by STM. The occupation of the hollow site by methylidyne was observed in STM measurements. Total energy density functional theory calculations have shown that methyl species occupy atop Al sites (E-A = 45.3 kcal/mol), methylidyne species adsorb on fcc hollow sites (E-A = 155.0 kcal/mol), while individual iodine atoms can bind on both on-top or hollow sites with adsorption energies between 54 and 56 kcal/mol. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jyates@pitt.edu RI Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016 OI Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 27 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 47 BP 14202 EP 14209 DI 10.1021/ja0208761 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 618DY UT WOS:000179404200048 PM 12440919 ER PT J AU Chen, BW Bigelow, DJ AF Chen, BW Bigelow, DJ TI Phosphorylation induces a conformational transition near the lipid-water interface of phospholamban reconstituted with the Ca-ATPase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; BETA-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; CALCIUM-PUMP; FUNCTIONAL ASSOCIATION; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN AB We have measured conformational changes of phospholamban (PLB) induced both by its interaction with the SR Ca-ATPase and by phosphorylation of Ser-16 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) using an engineered PLB having a single cysteine (Cys-24) derivatized with the fluorophore 2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (ANSmal). This modified mutant PLB is fully functional when co-reconstituted with the affinity-purified Ca-ATPase in liposomes. ANSmal emission properties and its solvent accessibility indicate that Cys-24 is in an aqueous environment outside the membrane. Fluorescence quenching and time-resolved anisotropy measurements of ANSmal-PLB demonstrate distinct structures for PLB in the free and Ca-ATPase-bound state. Both solvent exposure and probe motions of ANSmal are enhanced upon interaction of PLB with the Ca-ATPase. This conformational transition entails conversion of free PLB in a conformation which is insensitive to one which is sensitive to the phosphorylation state of PLB. Upon phosphorylation of Ca-ATPase-bound PLB, a decreased level of solvent exposure of ANSmal is observed, suggesting that the amino acid sequence of PLB near the lipid-water interface acts as a conformational switch in response to the phosphorylation of PLB. A longer correlation time, resolved by anisotropy measurements, corresponding to polypeptide chain fluctuations, is substantially restricted by interaction of PLB with the Ca-ATPase. This restriction is not reversed by phosphorylation of PLB, indicating that the region around Cys-24 near the lipid-water interface does not undergo dissociation from the Ca-ATPase. These results suggest that the phosphorylation by PKA induces a redistribution of PLB-Ca-ATPase protein contacts to relieve the inhibitory effect of PLB for the activation of calcium transport. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM diana.bigelow@pnl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64031] NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 26 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 47 BP 13965 EP 13972 DI 10.1021/bi0266030 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 617RT UT WOS:000179375200013 PM 12437353 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Somorjai, GA AF Opdahl, A Somorjai, GA TI Solvent vapor induced ordering and disordering of phenyl side branches at the air/polystyrene interface studied by SFG SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID POLYSTYRENE SURFACE; ATACTIC POLYSTYRENE; POLYMER SURFACE; GLASSY POLYMER; SPECTROSCOPY; TOLUENE AB Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been used to characterize the effect that toluene solvent vapor has on the surface structure of polystyrene films. SFG spectra show that low surface tension toluene molecules preferentially coat the surfaces of polystyrene films that are exposed to a saturated toluene vapor environment. The SFG spectra indicate that phenyl side branches are well-ordered at the air/polystyrene interface prior to toluene exposure and that the phenyl branches become solvated and disordered when the polystyrene is exposed to toluene vapor. After exposure, as the toluene evaporates from the film, the partially solvated polystyrene surface rapidly reorders the phenyl side groups away from the surface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 23 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 26 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 24 BP 9409 EP 9412 DI 10.1021/la020537l PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 618QH UT WOS:000179428400042 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Mohri, H Ho, DD Perelson, AS AF Ribeiro, RM Mohri, H Ho, DD Perelson, AS TI In vivo dynamics of T cell activation, proliferation, and death in HIV-1 infection: Why are CD4(+) but not CD8(+) T cells depleted? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTES; TURNOVER; KINETICS; CYCLE; ANTIGENS; MACAQUES; HUMANS; KI-67 AB Deuterated glucose labeling was used to measure the in vivo turnover of T lymphocytes. A realistic T cell kinetic model, with populations of resting and activated T cells, was fitted to D-glucose labeling data from healthy and HIV-1-infected individuals before and after antiretroviral treatment. Our analysis highlights why HIV-1 infection, which increases the fraction of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes that are proliferating (Ki67(+)), leads to CD4 but not CD8 depletion. We find that HIV-1 infection tends to increase the rates of death and proliferation of activated CD4(+) T cells, and to increase the rate at which resting CD4 T cells become activated, but does not increase the fraction of activated CD4(+) T cells, consistent with their preferential loss in HIV-1-infected individuals. In contrast, HIV-1 infection does not lead to an increase in proliferation or death rates of activated CD8(+) T cells, but did increase the fraction of activated CD8(+) T cells, consistent with these cells remaining in an activated state longer and undergoing more rounds of proliferation than CD4(+) T cells. Our results also explain why telomeres shorten in CD8(+) cells, but not in CD4(+) cells of HIV-1-infected patients, compared with age-matched controls. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Ribeiro, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006555, RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI028433, AI28433, AI40387, R01 AI028433] NR 27 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 26 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 24 BP 15572 EP 15577 DI 10.1073/pnas.242358099 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 620JJ UT WOS:000179530000059 PM 12434018 ER PT J AU Valek, BC Bravman, JC Tamura, N MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Padmore, HA Spolenak, R Brown, WL Batterman, BW Patel, JR AF Valek, BC Bravman, JC Tamura, N MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Padmore, HA Spolenak, R Brown, WL Batterman, BW Patel, JR TI Electromigration-induced plastic deformation in passivated metal lines SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERCONNECT LINES; STRESS AB We have used scanning white beam x-ray microdiffraction to study microstructural evolution during an in situ electromigration experiment on a passivated Al(Cu) test line. The data show plastic deformation and grain rotations occurring under the influence of electromigration, seen as broadening, movement, and splitting of reflections diffracted from individual metal grains. We believe this deformation is due to localized shear stresses that arise due to the inhomogeneous transfer of metal along the line. Deviatoric stress measurements show changes in the components of stress within the line, including relaxation of stress when current is removed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Labs, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Valek, BC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Spolenak, Ralph/A-1655-2008; MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012 NR 12 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 22 BP 4168 EP 4170 DI 10.1063/1.1525880 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617BR UT WOS:000179340800023 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Pennycook, SJ Lupini, A Duscher, G Tiwari, A Narayan, J AF Kumar, D Pennycook, SJ Lupini, A Duscher, G Tiwari, A Narayan, J TI Synthesis and atomic-level characterization of Ni nanoparticles in Al2O3 matrix SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MAGNETIC-MATERIALS; IRON NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; FILMS; COERCIVITY; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR; DOTS; FE AB Single domain magnetic nickel nanocrystals were embedded in alumina matrix using a pulsed-laser deposition technique. Structural characterization carried out at the atomic level using scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic number contrast (STEM-Z) in conjunction with electron energy loss spectroscopy have revealed that the Ni particles are well separated and have interfaces with the host matrix that are atomically sharp and free of any oxide layer. An excellent correlation was found between particle sizes determined theoretically from magnetization versus field data and experimentally using STEM-Z which indicates the absence of any magnetically dead layers on the Ni nanoparticles within an experimental error of 0.1 monolayer. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dkumar@ncat.edu RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 22 BP 4204 EP 4206 DI 10.1063/1.1525052 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617BR UT WOS:000179340800035 ER PT J AU Frink, LJD Salinger, AG Sears, MP Weinhold, JD Frischknecht, AL AF Frink, LJD Salinger, AG Sears, MP Weinhold, JD Frischknecht, AL TI Numerical challenges in the application of density functional theory to biology and nanotechnology SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID NONUNIFORM POLYATOMIC SYSTEMS; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE; FLUID-WALL INTERFACE; SOLVATION FORCES; SURFACE FORCES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; DRYING TRANSITIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MOLECULAR THEORY AB This paper summarizes our efforts to develop fast algorithms for density functional theory (DFT) calculations of inhomogeneous fluids. Our goal is to apply DFTs to a variety of problems in nanotechnology and biology. To this end we have developed DFT codes to treat both atomic fluid models and polymeric fluids. We have developed both three-dimensional real space and Fourier space algorithms. The former rely on a matrix-based Newton's method while the latter couple fast Fourier transforms with a matrix-free Newton's method. Efficient computation of phase diagrams and investigation of multiple solutions is facilitated with phase transition tracking algorithms and arclength continuation algorithms. We have explored the performance that can be obtained by application of massively parallel computing, and have begun application of the codes to a variety of two- and three-dimensional systems. In this paper, we summarize our algorithm development work as well as briefly discuss a few applications including adsorption and transport in ion channel proteins, capillary condensation in disordered porous media and confinement effects in a diblock copolymer fluid. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Frink, LJD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 NR 73 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 46 BP 12167 EP 12187 AR PII S0953-8984(02)37775-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/46/320 PG 21 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 631GB UT WOS:000180158800021 ER PT J AU Gao, F Zhao, H Sekulic, DP Qian, YY Walker, L AF Gao, F Zhao, H Sekulic, DP Qian, YY Walker, L TI Solid state Si diffusion and joint formation involving aluminum brazing sheet SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Al-Si diffusion coefficient; electron probe microanalysis; controlled atmosphere brazing; joint formation; modeling ID BRAZED JOINTS AB The paper provides information about the use of in situ determined diffusion coefficients is Of silicon for modeling of a brazed joint formation, i.e. formation of the equilibrium surface of a molten Al + xSi alloy at the onset of solidification in the joint. Diffusion coefficients of Si were determined (within both the joint and/or residue zone) to analyze its migration across the clad core interface of an Al brazing sheet, including both the period prior to reaching brazing temperature range, zinc] the peak brazing temperature range. Subsequently, diffusion coefficients were used to predict the joint formation during brazing, Migration of silicon is not uniform along the clad-core interface during brazing and depends, in addition to material characteristics and process parameters, on the vicinity of the joint zone. It is argued that, due to these alterations, the joint formation Modeling Must be performed by using in situ determined diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficients determined directly from electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) scans at different locations along the cladding sheet and within the joint zone differ between each other and when compared to the literature data. This variation influences the outcome of the residue formation modeling heme the joint formation modeling may be affected. The relation between these phenomena is briefly discussed and quantitative data regarding diffusion Coefficients, and in particular an approach to utilization of these data in modeling of joint formation. are provided. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Engn, Ctr Robot & Mfg Syst, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Harbin Inst Technol, Natl Key Lab Adv Welding Prod Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sekulic, DP (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Engn, Ctr Robot & Mfg Syst, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 337 IS 1-2 BP 228 EP 235 AR PII S0921-5093(02)00031-X PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 611FH UT WOS:000179005400030 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Murayama, H Nomura, Y AF Hall, LJ Murayama, H Nomura, Y TI Wilson lines and symmetry breaking on orbifolds SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID 3-GENERATION SUPERSTRING MODEL; DISCRETE GAUGE-SYMMETRY; HIGH-ENERGY BEHAVIOR; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; PROTON STABILITY; STANDARD MODEL; STRINGS; COMPACTIFICATION; ANOMALIES AB Gauge symmetry breaking by boundary conditions on a manifold is known to be equivalent to Wilson-line breaking through a background gauge field, and is therefore spontaneous. These equivalent pictures are related by a non-periodic gauge transformation. However, we find that boundary condition gauge symmetry breaking on orbifolds is explicit; there is no gauge where all the breaking can be attributed to a background gauge field. In the case of a five-dimensional SU(5) grand unified theory on S-1/Z(2), the vacuum with gauge symmetry broken to SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) and that with SU(5) preserved are completely disconnected: there is no physical process which causes tunneling between the two. This allows a certain localized explicit breaking of SU(5) on one of the orbifold fixed points in the theory with SU(5) breaking. Split multiplets on this fixed point are shown not to induce violations of unitarity in scattering amplitudes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nomura, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yasunori@thsrv.lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 52 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 645 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 104 AR PII S0550-3213(02)00816-7 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00816-7 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 615ED UT WOS:000179232100003 ER PT J AU Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Henderson, C Hofman, D Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, J Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, A Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Henderson, C Hofman, D Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, J Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, A Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B TI Pseudorapidity and centrality dependence of the collective flow of charged particles in Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN =130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; PHASE-TRANSITION; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; ENERGIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIGNATURE; QCD AB This paper describes the measurement of collective flow for charged particles in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV using the PHOBOS detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured azimuthal hit anisotropy is presented over a wide range of pseudorapidity (-5.0etap have been measured with tagged real photons for incident photon energies from 0.75 to 1.95 GeV. Mesons were identified by missing mass reconstruction using kinematical information for protons scattered in the production process. The data provide the first extensive angular distribution measurements for the process above W=1.75 GeV. Comparison with preliminary results from a constituent quark model support the suggestion that a third S-11 resonance with mass similar to1.8 GeV couples to the etaN channel. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl ORSAY, Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ Roma III, I-00146 Rome, Italy. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Dugger, M (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Protopopescu, Dan/D-5645-2012; riccardi, gabriele/A-9269-2012; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015 OI Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975 NR 29 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 222002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.222002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100011 PM 12485062 ER PT J AU Feldman, DE Vinokur, VM AF Feldman, DE Vinokur, VM TI Destruction of bulk ordering by surface randomness SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXPANSION; MANIFOLDS; CRYSTALS AB We demonstrate that the arbitrarily weak quenched disorder on the surface of a system of continuous symmetry destroys long-range order in the bulk, and, instead, quasi-long-range order emerges. Correlation functions are calculated exactly for the two- and three-dimensional XY models with surface randomness via the functional renormalization group. Even at strong quenched disorder the three-dimensional XY model possesses topological order. We also determine roughness of a domain wall in the presence of surface disorder. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Feldman, DE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 227204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.227204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100050 PM 12485101 ER PT J AU Kim, D Revaz, B Zink, BL Hellman, F Rhyne, JJ Mitchell, JF AF Kim, D Revaz, B Zink, BL Hellman, F Rhyne, JJ Mitchell, JF TI Tricritical point and the doping dependence of the order of the ferromagnetic phase transition of La1-xCaxMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITY; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC TRANSITION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; MANGANITES; TEMPERATURE; 2ND-ORDER; FIELD AB We report on the doping dependence of the order of the ferromagnetic metal to paramagnetic insulator phase transition in La1-xCaxMnO3. At x=0.33, magnetization and specific heat data show a first order transition, with an entropy change (2.3 J/mol K) accounted for by both volume expansion and the discontinuity of Msimilar to1.7mu(B) via the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. At x=0.4, the data show a continuous transition with tricritical point exponents alpha=0.48+/-0.06, beta=0.25+/-0.03, gamma=1.03+/-0.05, and delta=5.0+/-0.8. This tricritical point separates first- (x<0.4) from second-order (x>0.4) transitions. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 227202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.227202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100048 PM 12485099 ER PT J AU Kolton, AB Exartier, R Cugliandolo, LF Dominguez, D Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Kolton, AB Exartier, R Cugliandolo, LF Dominguez, D Gronbech-Jensen, N TI Effective temperature in driven vortex lattices with random pinning SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATION-DISSIPATION RATIO; LENNARD-JONES GLASS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PERIODIC MEDIA; LOGARITHMIC INTERACTIONS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; FLOW AB We study numerically correlation and response functions in nonequilibrium driven vortex lattices with random pinning. From a generalized fluctuation-dissipation relation, we calculate an effective transverse temperature in the fluid moving phase. We find that the effective temperature decreases with increasing driving force and becomes equal to the equilibrium melting temperature when the dynamic transverse freezing occurs. We also discuss how the effective temperature can be measured experimentally from a generalized Kubo formula. C1 Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. LMDH, F-75252 Paris 05, France. LPT Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris 05, France. LPTHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kolton, AB (reprint author), Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RI Cugliandolo, Leticia/M-9733-2013; OI Kolton, Alejandro B./0000-0002-9050-5859 NR 45 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 227001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.227001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100044 PM 12485095 ER PT J AU Mazurenko, A Porkolab, M Mossessian, D Snipes, JA Xu, XQ Nevins, WM AF Mazurenko, A Porkolab, M Mossessian, D Snipes, JA Xu, XQ Nevins, WM TI Experimental and theoretical study of quasicoherent fluctuations in enhanced D-alpha plasmas in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID H-MODE; EDGE PEDESTAL; TRANSITION; PROFILE AB A comparison of experimental measurements and theoretical studies of the quasicoherent (QC) mode, observed at high densities during enhanced D-alpha (EDA) H mode in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, are reported. The QC mode is a high frequency (similar to100 kHz) nearly sinusoidal fluctuation in density and magnetic field, localized in the steep density gradient ("pedestal") at the plasma edge, with typical wave numbers k(R)approximate to3-6 cm(-1), k(theta)approximate to1.3 cm(-1) (midplane). It is proposed here that the QC mode is a form of resistive ballooning mode known as the resistive X-point mode, in reasonable agreement with predictions by the BOUT (boundary-plasma turbulence) code. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mazurenko, A (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 225004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.225004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100026 PM 12485077 ER PT J AU Venturini, M Warnock, R AF Venturini, M Warnock, R TI Bursts of coherent synchrotron radiation in electron storage rings: A dynamical model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Evidence of coherent synchrotron radiation has been reported recently at the electron storage rings of several light source facilities. The main features of the observations are (i) a radiation wavelength short compared to the nominal bunch length, and (ii) a coherent signal showing recurrent bursts of duration much shorter than the radiation damping time, but with spacing equal to a substantial fraction of the damping time. We present a model of beam longitudinal dynamics that reproduces these features. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Venturini, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 25 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 25 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 22 AR 224802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.224802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 614RU UT WOS:000179205100022 PM 12485073 ER PT J AU Walker, D Clark, SM Cranswick, LMD Johnson, MC Jones, RL AF Walker, D Clark, SM Cranswick, LMD Johnson, MC Jones, RL TI O-2 volumes at high pressure from KClO4 decomposition: D '' as a siderophile element pump instead of a lid on the core SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE oxygen volume; high-pressure; D ''; core evolution; potassium perchlorate; 1015 geochemistry : composition of the core; 3630 minerology and petrology : experimental minerology and petrology; 3919 mineral physics : equations of the state; 8125 tectonophysics : evolution of the Earth ID EARTHS CORE; POWDER DIFFRACTION; LOWER MANTLE; IRON-METEORITES; ALKALI-HALIDES; MELTING CURVE; FLUID OXYGEN; HIGH-DENSITY; LIQUID-IRON; MOLTEN IRON AB [1] New measurements of the high-pressure volume of oxygen make plausible old, controversial diamond anvil cell (DAC) observations of a high-pressure reaction between liquid Fe and Fe-bearing silicate in which FeO dissolved into liquid Fe. If the Earth's D" layer between core and mantle is the waste product of this reaction proceeding forward with oxygen transfer to the core, then D" would form an effective lid preventing escape of siderophile elements from the core. On the other hand, it is at least as plausible that the core is now oxygen saturated and that core cooling and internal crystallization drive this reaction backward with transfer of Fe- and O- rich material out of the core into D". The Os-186 anomalies in some plume basalts are more consistent with this D" as a siderophile element pump scenario than the D" as-lid scenario. Contributions of siderophile elements to the mantle from the core could assist in balancing the persistently enigmatic budget of these elements. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Crystallog, London WC1E 7HX, England. US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Walker, D (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD NOV 23 PY 2002 VL 3 AR 1070 DI 10.1029/2001GC000225 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 619CM UT WOS:000179456400001 ER PT J AU Tang, JM Wilson, CM Meleth, S Myracle, A Lobashevsky, E Mulligan, MJ Douglas, SD Korber, B Vermund, SH Kaslow, RA AF Tang, JM Wilson, CM Meleth, S Myracle, A Lobashevsky, E Mulligan, MJ Douglas, SD Korber, B Vermund, SH Kaslow, RA CA REACH Study Grp TI Host genetic profiles predict virological and immunological control of HIV-1 infection in adolescents SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infection CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON DE HIV-1; adolescents; CCR5; genetics; HLA; prognosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; HLA CLASS-I; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CCR5 PROMOTER; AIDS PROGRESSION; VIRAL LOAD; POLYMORPHISM; RESTRICTION AB Objective: To evaluate the correlation between host genetic profiles and virological and immunological outcomes among HIV-1-seropositive participants from the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health (REACH) cohort. Methods: HLA class I and chemokine coreceptor (CCR) alleles and haplotypes were resolved in 227 HIV-1-seropositive adolescents (ages 13-18 years; 75% females; 71% African-Americans) and 183 HIV-seronegative individuals, with quarterly follow-up visits between 1996 and 2000. Each HLA and CCR variant with consistent risk and protective effect on HIV-1 pathogenesis was assigned a score of -1 and +1, respectively. All individual markers and genetic scores were analyzed in relation to plasma viral load (VL) and CD4 T lymphocytes during a 6-12-month interval when no antiretroviral therapy was taken. Results: HLA-B(*)57 alone was a strong predictor of VL (P<0.0001), but composite genetic profiles found in over 50% of patients consistently outperformed the individual component markers in multivariable analyses with or without adjustment for gender, race, age, and membership of clinical patient groups. Adolescents (n = 37) with a favorable combination of VL (<1000 copies/ml) and CD4 T cell counts (> 450 x 10(6) cells/l) consistently had more positive (+1 to +2) than negative (-1 to -4) HLA and CCR scores compared with those (n = 56) with an unfavorable combination (VL > 16 000 copies/ml and CD4 cells < 450 x 10(6) cells/l) or the remainder (n = 134) of the cohort (overall P < 0.0001). Conclusion: A generalizable genetic scoring algorithm based on seven HLA class I and CCR markers is highly predictive of viremia and immunodeficiency in HIV-1infected adolescents. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Alabama, Program Epidemiol Infect & Immun, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kaslow, RA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Program Epidemiol Infect & Immun, Dept Med, 220A Ryals Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL USA. OI Tang, Jianming/0000-0003-0137-7486; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757; Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41951] NR 75 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 17 BP 2275 EP 2284 DI 10.1097/00002030-200211220-00007 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 625NR UT WOS:000179823000006 PM 12441799 ER PT J AU Hilario, P Yan, SX Hingerty, BE Broyde, S Basu, AK AF Hilario, P Yan, SX Hingerty, BE Broyde, S Basu, AK TI Comparative mutagenesis of the C8-guanine adducts of 1-nitropyrene and 1,6-and 1,8-dinitropyrene in a CpG repeat sequence - A slipped frameshift intermediate model for dinucleotide deletion SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPARATIVE TUMORIGENICITY; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES; DNA-REPLICATION; MISMATCH REPAIR; MUTAGENICITY; N-(DEOXYGUANOSIN-8-YL)-1-AMINOPYRENE; POLYMERASE; OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; MECHANISMS AB In the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrenes (1,6- and 1,8-DNPs) are much more potent mutagens than 1-nitropyrene (1-NP). Genetic experiments established that certain differences in the metabolism of the DNPs, which in turn result in increased DNA adduction, play a role. It remained unclear, however, if the DNP adducts, N-(guanin-8-yl)-1-amino-6 (8)-nitropyrene (Gua-C8-1,6-ANP and Gua-C8-1,8-ANP), which contain a nitro group on the pyrene ring covalently linked to the guanine C8, are more mutagenic than the major 1-NP adduct, N-(guanin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene (Gua-C8-AP). In order to address this, we have compared the mutation frequency of the three guanine C8 adducts, Gua-C8-AP, Gua-C8-1,6-ANP, and GuaC8-1,8-ANP in a CGCG*CG sequence. Single-stranded M13mp7L2 vectors containing these adducts and a control were constructed and replicated in Escherichia coli. A remarkable difference in the induced CpG deletion frequency between these adducts was noted. In repair-competent cells the 1-NP adduct induced 1.7% CpG deletions without SOS, whereas the 1,6- and 1,8-DNP adducts induced 6.8 and 10.0% two-base deletions, respectively. With SOS, CpG deletions increased up to 1.9, 11.1, and 15.1% by 1-NP, 1,6-, and 1,8-DNP adducts, respectively. This result unequivocally established that DNP adducts are more mutagenic than the 1-NP adduct in the repetitive CpG sequence. In each case the mutation frequency was significantly increased in a mutS strain, which is impaired in methyl-directed mismatch repair, and a dnaQ strain, which carries a defect in proofreading activity of the DNA polymerase III. Modeling studies showed that the nitro group on the pyrene ring at the 8-position can provide additional stabilization to the two-nucleotide extrahelical loop in the promutagenic slipped frameshift intermediate through its added hydrogen-bonding capability. This could account for the increase in CpG deletions in the M13 vector with the nitro-containing adducts compared with the Gua-C8-AP adduct itself. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Basu, AK (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, U-60, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Yan, Frank/0000-0002-9121-9694 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA28038, CA75449]; NIEHS NIH HHS [1 K02 ES00318, ES09127, K02 ES000318, R01 ES009127] NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 22 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 47 BP 45068 EP 45074 DI 10.1074/jbc.M208103200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 618EE UT WOS:000179404800062 PM 12239219 ER PT J AU Van Voorhis, T Head-Gordon, M AF Van Voorhis, T Head-Gordon, M TI Implementation of generalized valence bond-inspired coupled cluster theories SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; HARTREE-FOCK METHOD; DOUBLES MODEL; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SI(001) SURFACE; WAVE-FUNCTION; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; BUCKLED DIMERS; EXCHANGE; DENSITY AB We present an implementation of the recently proposed imperfect pairing (IP) and generalized valence bond restricted coupled cluster (GVB-RCC) methods. Our algorithm centers on repeated construction of Coulomb and exchange matrices. These operations are the computational bottleneck, scaling with the third power of system size for large systems. Robust optimization of the valence orbitals is attained using a geometrically consistent form of direct minimization. Analytic gradients of the IP and GVB-RCC energies are also obtained by a simple modification of the energy optimization scheme. As an illustration of the potential of these new methods, we use IP to compute the equilibrium geometry and energetics of a Si9H12 cluster that is a crude model for silicon dimerization on the Si(001) surface. We thus demonstrate a valuable role for IP and GVB-RCC as a diagnostic for the accuracy of reduced active space calculations as compared to their full valence analogs. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 69 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 20 BP 9190 EP 9201 DI 10.1063/1.1515319 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 611XC UT WOS:000179042300013 ER PT J AU Hori, Y Raychaudhuri, S Chakraborty, AK AF Hori, Y Raychaudhuri, S Chakraborty, AK TI Analysis of pattern formation and phase separation in the immunological synapse SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RECEPTORS; PEPTIDE-MHC COMPLEXES; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ACTIVATION; TCR; COSTIMULATION; FLEXIBILITY; ENGAGEMENT; LIGANDS AB T lymphocytes (T cells) play an important role in orchestrating an adaptive immune response in complex organisms. Recent experiments have shown that when T cells recognize antigen presenting cells, a complex and large-scale reorganization of intercellular membrane proteins and cell shape occurs. The resulting motif is implicated in information transfer between T cells and antigen presenting cells, and has been labeled the immunological synapse. Numerical solutions of a mathematical model that incorporates binding kinetics, protein mobility, and down regulation, and membrane mechanics has proven successful in describing some of these observations. In this paper, we analyze the equations that describe this model, and this sheds light on the origins of pattern formation in the immunological synapse. In particular, the thermodynamic considerations and dynamic instabilities that lead to pattern formation in and out of equilibrium are elucidated. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hori, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Raychaudhuri, Subhadip/0000-0002-9873-6475 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 22 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 20 BP 9491 EP 9501 DI 10.1063/1.1512642 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 611XC UT WOS:000179042300046 ER PT J AU Shalliker, RA Wong, V Broyles, BS Guiochon, G AF Shalliker, RA Wong, V Broyles, BS Guiochon, G TI Visualization of bed compression in an axial compression liquid chromatography column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE bed compression; axial compression; stationary phases; LC; consolidation ID PACKING MATERIALS; WALL FRICTION; CONSOLIDATION; EFFICIENCY; MIGRATION AB The consolidation of a packed bed undergoing axial compression was studied in glass columns using an on-column visualization process. In this visualization process the refractive indices of the mobile phase (carbon tetrachloride) and the stationary phase (YMC C-18 silica) matched perfectly, hence the otherwise opaque stationary phase became transparent to the eye. Alumina layers, which have a different refractive index, were placed at regular intervals along the column bed. These layers were therefore visible and their movement could be tracked during the axial compression of the bed. Consequently, the Young's modulus could be measured at three radial locations and at four bed depths below the head fitting. The results showed that the bed was heterogeneous in packing density, both radially (with the bed density increasing from the column center toward the wall) and axially (with the density increasing from the column top toward its center). Furthermore, the bed was shown to be non-symmetrical about the column axis. This was thought to be due to the column inlet head fitting making contact with the packing material on one side of the column first, rather than making contact with the entire cross section of the packing simultaneously. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Biostruct & Biomol Res, Richmond, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 22 PY 2002 VL 977 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 AR PII S0021-9673(02)01273-6 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01273-6 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 612GG UT WOS:000179041800008 PM 12456111 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Dai, S Guiochon, G AF Liang, CD Dai, S Guiochon, G TI Use of gel-casting to prepare HPLC monolithic silica columns with uniform mesopores and tunable macrochannels SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB Monolithic silica columns with defined mesopore and a tunable macropore structure were fabricated by the gel-casting of ordered mesoporous silica precursors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 IS 22 BP 2680 EP 2681 DI 10.1039/b207798a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 618ZN UT WOS:000179448500039 PM 12510296 ER PT J AU Gordon, JC Shukla, P Cowley, AH Jones, JN Keogh, DW Scott, BL AF Gordon, JC Shukla, P Cowley, AH Jones, JN Keogh, DW Scott, BL TI Dialkyl aluminium amides: new reagents for the conversion of C=O into C=NR functionalities SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DIIMINE AQUA COMPLEX; HYDROCARBON ACTIVATION; HYDROXYLIC SOLVENT; MILD CONDITIONS; PLATINUM(II) AB A new methodology for the preparation of alpha-diimines and beta-aminoenones has been devised and represents an alternative route to these and related nitrogenous ligands bearing highly electronegative substituents. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gordon, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgordon@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 IS 22 BP 2710 EP 2711 DI 10.1039/b203693b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 618ZN UT WOS:000179448500054 PM 12510311 ER PT J AU White, JC Harris, GL Poker, DB AF White, JC Harris, GL Poker, DB TI Semi-insulating layers in 4H and 6H SiC by Si and C ion implantation SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN PASSIVATION; CARBIDE AB Semi-insulating regions have been obtained in 6H and 4H silicon carbide using ion implantation. The silicon carbide samples were implanted with either carbon or silicon ions followed by isochronal heat treatments. This leads to compensation, which is achieved by the lattice damage and by the thermal redistribution of atoms. C1 Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP White, JC (reprint author), Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, 2300 Sixth St, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 38 IS 24 BP 1597 EP 1598 DI 10.1049/el:20021045 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 624FF UT WOS:000179749100071 ER PT J AU Qi, F Suits, AG AF Qi, F Suits, AG TI Photodissociation of propylene sulfide at 193 nm: A photofragment translational spectroscopy study with VUV synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; ETHYLENE SULFIDE; ATOMIC SULFUR; AB-INITIO; CS2; RESOLUTION; THIOPHENE; BEAMLINE; CLUSTERS AB Photodissociation. of propylene sulfide at 193 nm has been studied using photofragment translational spectroscopy. Five primary dissociation channels were observed: S(D-1) + C3H6, S(P-3) + C3H6, HS + C3H5, H2S + C3H4, and CH3 + C2H3S. Tunable synchrotron radiation was used to selectively probe reaction products. The S + C3H6 channel was identified to be a dominant channel with a branching ratio of 2.6:1 for S(D-1): S(P-3). Multiple components in the time-of-flight spectra of S(D-1) were observed. They are ascribed to dissociation from different potential energy surfaces. These results complement our previous study of ethylene sulfide photodissociation at 193 nm. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 46 BP 11017 EP 11024 DI 10.1021/jp026084a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 617AD UT WOS:000179336100007 ER PT J AU Lau, JKC Li, WK Qi, F Suits, AG AF Lau, JKC Li, WK Qi, F Suits, AG TI A Gaussian-3 study of the photodissociation channels of propylene sulfide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; SULFUR AB Gaussian-3 (G3) calculations have been carried out to examine the photodissociation of propylene sulfide at 193 nm. On the basis of the good agreements between the G3 results and experimental measurements, three dissociation channels involving transition structures have been established. The sulfur-containing products of these three dissociation reactions are C2H3S, HS, and H2S. Moreover, two channels leading to the loss of sulfur atom are observed experimentally and confirmed computationally. Furthermore, some additional elimination processes, also leading to the neutral fragments C3H6 and S(D-1) or S(P-3), and having exceedingly high experimental reaction barriers, are observed. These reactions are not likely to take place at the ground state of propylene sulfide. The experimentally measured high reaction barriers are in very good accord with our calculated excitation energies of propylene sulfide. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, WK (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 46 BP 11025 EP 11028 DI 10.1021/jp0213147 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 617AD UT WOS:000179336100008 ER PT J AU Stamenkovic, V Schmidt, TJ Ross, PN Markovic, NM AF Stamenkovic, V Schmidt, TJ Ross, PN Markovic, NM TI Surface composition effects in electrocatalysis: Kinetics of oxygen reduction on well-defined Pt3Ni and Pt3Co alloy surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ACID-SOLUTIONS; ION-SCATTERING; ELECTROOXIDATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; SEGREGATION; TEMPERATURE; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE; PT(111) AB The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been studied on polycrystalline Pt3Ni and Pt3Co alloys in acid electrolytes using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) method. Preparation and characterization of alloy surfaces were performed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Clearly defined surface composition was determined via low-energy ion-scattering (LEIS) spectroscopy. Polycrystalline bulk alloys of Pt3Ni and Pt3Co were prepared in UHV having two different surface compositions: one with 75% Pt and the other with 100% Pt. The latter we call a "Pt-skin" structure and is produced by an exchange of Pt and Co in the first two layers. The base voltammetry in 0.1 M HClO4 solution of the 75% Pt alloy surface indicated a decrease of H-upd pseudocapacitance (ca. 30-40 muC/cm(2)) consistent with the surface composition determined in UHV. With the exception of the "Pt-skin" surface on Pt3Ni, all the alloy electrodes exhibited stable i-E curves with repeated cycling between 0.05 and 1.0 V at all temperatures. Activities of Pt-alloys for the ORR were compared to the polycrystalline Pt in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HClO4 electrolytes in the temperature range of 293 < T < 333 K. It was found that the order of activity is dependent on the nature of anions of supporting electrolytes: in H2SO4 the activity increased in the order Pt3Ni > PtCo > Pt; in HClO4, however, the order of activities at 333 K was "Pt-skin" > Pt3Co > Pt3Ni > Pt. The catalytic enhancement was greater in 0.1 M HClO4 than in 0.5 M H2SO4, with the maximum enhancement observed for the "Pt-skin" on Pt3Co in 0.1 M HClO4 being 3-4 times that for pure Pt. Catalytic enhancement of the ORR on Pt3Ni and Pt3Co vs Pt was attributed to the inhibition of Pt-OHad formation on Pt sites surrounded by "oxide" covered Ni and Co atoms beyond 0.8 V. Kinetic analyses of RRDE data revealed that kinetic parameters for the ORR and the production of H2O2 on the Pt3Ni, Pt3Co, and "Pt-skin" alloys are the same as on pure Pt: reaction order, m = 1, two identical Tafel slopes in HClO4, and a single Tafel slope in H2SO4. apparent activation energy approximate to 21-25 kJ/mol. The fact that essentially the same kinetic parameters are assessed from the analysis of the ORR data on all three surfaces implies that the reaction mechanism on Pt3Ni and Pt3Co alloy surfaces is the same as one proposed for pure Pt, i.e., a "series" 4e(-) reduction pathway. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stamenkovic, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010; Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/C-5716-2011 OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X; Thandavarayan, Maiyalagan/0000-0003-3528-3824 NR 63 TC 545 Z9 550 U1 63 U2 375 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 46 BP 11970 EP 11979 DI 10.1021/jp021182h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 617AE UT WOS:000179336200012 ER PT J AU Brown, P Spalding, RE ReVelle, DO Tagliaferri, E Worden, SP AF Brown, P Spalding, RE ReVelle, DO Tagliaferri, E Worden, SP TI The flux of small near-Earth objects colliding with the Earth SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ASTEROIDS; BOLIDES; METEOROIDS; IMPACTS AB Asteroids with diameters smaller than similar to50-100 m that collide with the Earth usually do not hit the ground as a single body; rather, they detonate in the atmosphere(1). These small objects can still cause considerable damage, such as occurred near Tunguska(2), Siberia, in 1908. The flux of small bodies is poorly constrained, however, in part because ground-based observational searches pursue strategies that lead them preferentially to find larger objects(3). ATunguska-class event - the energy of which we take to be equivalent to 10 megatons of TNT - was previously estimated to occur every 200 - 300 years, with the largest annual airburst calculated to be similar to20 kilotons (kton) TNT equivalent (ref. 4). Here we report satellite records of bolide detonations in the atmosphere over the past 8.5 years. We find that the flux of objects in the 1-10-m size range has the same power-law distribution as bodies with diameters > 50 m. From this we estimate that the Earth is hit on average annually by an object with similar to5 kton equivalent energy, and that Tunguska-like events occur about once every 1,000 years. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ET Space Syst, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. US Space Command, Directorate Operat, Peterson AFB, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. NR 29 TC 168 Z9 170 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6913 BP 294 EP 296 DI 10.1038/nature01238 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 617BM UT WOS:000179340400035 PM 12447433 ER PT J AU Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Thompson, JD Scott, BL Stewart, GR Wastin, F Rebizant, J Boulet, P Colineau, E Lander, GH AF Sarrao, JL Morales, LA Thompson, JD Scott, BL Stewart, GR Wastin, F Rebizant, J Boulet, P Colineau, E Lander, GH TI Plutonium-based superconductivity with a transition temperature above 18 K SO NATURE LA English DT Article AB Plutonium is a metal of both technological relevance and fundamental scientific interest. Nevertheless, the electronic structure of plutonium, which directly influences its metallurgical properties(1), is poorly understood. For example, plutonium's 5f electrons are poised on the border between localized and itinerant, and their theoretical treatment pushes the limits of current electronic structure calculations(2). Here we extend the range of complexity exhibited by plutonium with the discovery of superconductivity in PuCoGa5. We argue that the observed superconductivity results directly from plutonium's anomalous electronic properties and as such serves as a bridge between two classes of spin-fluctuation-mediated superconductors: the known heavy-fermion superconductors and the high-T-c copper oxides. We suggest that the mechanism of superconductivity is unconventional; seen in that context, the fact that the transition temperature, T-c approximate to 18.5 K, is an order of magnitude greater than the maximum seen in the U- and Ce-based heavy-fermion systems may be natural. The large critical current displayed by PuCoGa5, which comes from radiation-induced self damage that creates pinning centres, would be of technological importance for applied superconductivity if the hazardous material plutonium were not a constituent. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. European Commiss, JRC, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Sarrao, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI BOULET, Pascal/D-6494-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI BOULET, Pascal/0000-0003-0684-4397; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 14 TC 379 Z9 379 U1 8 U2 66 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 420 IS 6913 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1038/nature01212 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 617BM UT WOS:000179340400036 PM 12447434 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Klimenko, S Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Mitselmakher, G Necula, V Nomerotsky, A Pronko, A Sukhanov, A Safonov, A Tsybychev, D Wang, SM Wong, M AF Acosta, D Klimenko, S Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Mitselmakher, G Necula, V Nomerotsky, A Pronko, A Sukhanov, A Safonov, A Tsybychev, D Wang, SM Wong, M TI The performance of the CDF luminosity monitor SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE hadron; collider; luminosity; Cherenkov ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTION; = 1.8 TEV AB We describe the initial performance of the detector used for the luminosity measurement in the CDF experiment in Run II at the Tevatron. The detector consists of low-mass gaseous Cherenkov counters with high light yield (similar to 100 photoelectrons) and monitors the process of inelastic pp scattering. It allows for several methods of precise luminosity measurements at peak instantaneous luminosities of 2 x 10(32) cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to an average of six pp interactions per bunch crossing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Klimenko, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Corner Museum Rd & North South Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 8 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 62 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01445-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01445-6 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800009 ER PT J AU Brennan, T Butler, J Cheung, H Frolov, V Khroustalev, K Kubota, Y Mountain, R Stone, S Yarba, J Alexeev, SN Batarin, VA Goncharenko, YM Grishin, VN Datsko, VS Derevschikov, AA Fomin, YV Kachanov, VA Khodyrev, VY Konstantinov, AS Kormilitsin, VA Kravtsov, VI Leontiev, VM Lukanin, VS Maisheev, VA Matulenko, YA Meschanin, AP Melnick, YM Minaev, NG Mikhalin, NE Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Nogach, LV Pikalov, VI Semenov, PA Shestermanov, KE Soloviev, LF Solovyanov, VL Ukhanov, MN Uzunian, AV Vasiliev, AN Yakutin, AE AF Brennan, T Butler, J Cheung, H Frolov, V Khroustalev, K Kubota, Y Mountain, R Stone, S Yarba, J Alexeev, SN Batarin, VA Goncharenko, YM Grishin, VN Datsko, VS Derevschikov, AA Fomin, YV Kachanov, VA Khodyrev, VY Konstantinov, AS Kormilitsin, VA Kravtsov, VI Leontiev, VM Lukanin, VS Maisheev, VA Matulenko, YA Meschanin, AP Melnick, YM Minaev, NG Mikhalin, NE Mochalov, VV Morozov, DA Nogach, LV Pikalov, VI Semenov, PA Shestermanov, KE Soloviev, LF Solovyanov, VL Ukhanov, MN Uzunian, AV Vasiliev, AN Yakutin, AE TI The BTeV electromagnetic calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE electromagnetic calorimeter; lead tungstate; scintillating crystal AB The electromagnetic calorimeter for a new Fermilab collider program named BTeV is based on lead tungstate scintillating crystals (PbWO4). Various properties of crystals manufactured by Russian and Chinese companies were measured at the U70 accelerator in Protvino. A dedicated beam momentum tagging system was used to measure the energy and spatial resolution. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Semenov, PA (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Pobeda Str 1, Protvino 142281, Russia. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 313 EP 317 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01486-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01486-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800049 ER PT J AU Mineev, O Garber, E Frank, J Ivashkin, A Kettell, S Khabibullin, M Kudenko, Y Li, K Littenberg, L Mayatski, V Yershov, N AF Mineev, O Garber, E Frank, J Ivashkin, A Kettell, S Khabibullin, M Kudenko, Y Li, K Littenberg, L Mayatski, V Yershov, N TI Photon sandwich detectors with WLS fiber readout SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE lead-plastic sandwich; WLS readout; photon detection; photon veto AB A photon detector for BNL experiment E949 is described. The detector consists of a lead scintillator "sandwich" of 25 layers of 5 mm thick scintillator BC404 and 24 layers of 2 mm lead absorber. Readout is implemented with 30-60 cm long wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers (BCF 99-29AA) glued into grooves in the BC404. Average yield was measured with cosmic rays to be about 43 p.e./MeV. Performance of extruded plastic scintillation counters developed for sandwich detectors of photons for the KOPIO experiment are also described. For a 7 min thick counter with 4.3 m long WLS fibers spaced at 7 mm, a light yield of 18.7 p.e./MeV and time resolution of 0.71 ns were obtained. A prototype photon veto module consisting of 10 layers of 7 mm thick extruded plastic slabs interleaved with I mm lead sheets was tested. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. AO Uniplast, Vladimir, Russia. RP Mineev, O (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, 60th October Revol,Pr 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. RI Ivashkin, Alexander/B-9725-2014; Khabibullin, Marat/O-1076-2013 OI Ivashkin, Alexander/0000-0003-4595-5866; Littenberg, Laurence/0000-0001-8373-7179; NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 362 EP 368 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01493-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01493-6 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800056 ER PT J AU Leith, DWGS AF Leith, DWGS TI DIRC - the particle identification system for BaBar SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE particle identification; BaBar detector; R&D program ID CHERENKOV DETECTOR; SLD; PERFORMANCE AB A review of the particle identification scheme of the BaBar detector; its design and performance and the R&D program for future upgrades. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Leith, DWGS (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 62, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 389 EP 401 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01509-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01509-7 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800062 ER PT J AU Cabrera, S Fernandez, J Gomez, G Piedra, J Rodrigo, T Ruiz, A Vila, I Vilar, R Grozis, C Kephart, R Stanek, R Kim, DH Kim, MS Oh, Y Kim, YK Veramendi, G Anikeev, K Bauer, G Furic, IK Korn, A Kravchenko, I Mulhearn, M Paus, C Pavlon, S Sumorok, K Chen, C Jones, M Kononenko, W Kroll, J Mayers, GM Newcomer, FM Oldeman, RGC Usynin, D Van Berg, R Bellettini, G Cerri, C Menzione, A Spinella, F Vataga, E De Cecco, S De Pedis, D Dionisi, C Giagu, S De Girolamo, A Rescigno, M Zanello, L Ahn, M Kim, BJ Kim, SB Cho, I Lee, J Yu, I Kaneko, H Kazama, A Kim, S Sato, K Sato, K Ukegawa, F AF Cabrera, S Fernandez, J Gomez, G Piedra, J Rodrigo, T Ruiz, A Vila, I Vilar, R Grozis, C Kephart, R Stanek, R Kim, DH Kim, MS Oh, Y Kim, YK Veramendi, G Anikeev, K Bauer, G Furic, IK Korn, A Kravchenko, I Mulhearn, M Paus, C Pavlon, S Sumorok, K Chen, C Jones, M Kononenko, W Kroll, J Mayers, GM Newcomer, FM Oldeman, RGC Usynin, D Van Berg, R Bellettini, G Cerri, C Menzione, A Spinella, F Vataga, E De Cecco, S De Pedis, D Dionisi, C Giagu, S De Girolamo, A Rescigno, M Zanello, L Ahn, M Kim, BJ Kim, SB Cho, I Lee, J Yu, I Kaneko, H Kazama, A Kim, S Sato, K Sato, K Ukegawa, F TI The CDF-II time-of-flight detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE time-of-flight; CDF; fine-mesh photomultipliers; particle identification ID DESIGN AB A Time-of-Flight (TOF) detector, based on plastic scintillator and fine-mesh photomultiplier tubes, has been added to the CDF-II experiment. Since August 2001, the TOF system has been fully instrumented and integrated into the CDF-II data acquisition system. The TOF system will provide particle identification of low momentum charged pions, kaons and protons in pp collisions. With a design resolution goal of about 100 ps, separation between charged kaons and pions is expected at the 2 sigma level for momenta below 1.6 GeV/c, which enhances CDF's b-flavor tagging capabilities. We describe the design of the TOF detector and discuss its on-line and off-line calibration. Some performance benchmarks using proton-antiproton collision data are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Vila, I (reprint author), Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. EM vila@fnal.gov; E.A.Kravchenko@inp.nsk.su RI Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Chen, Chunhui /0000-0003-1589-9955 NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 416 EP 423 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01512-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01512-7 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800065 ER PT J AU Anulli, F Bagnasco, S Baldini, R Band, HR Bionta, R Brau, JE Brigljevic, V Buzzo, A Calcaterra, A Carpinelli, M Cartaro, C Cavallo, N Crosetti, G de Sangro, R De Nardo, G Eichenbaum, A Fabozzi, F Falciai, D Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Finocchiaro, G Forti, F Frey, R Gatto, C Grauges, E Iakovlev, NI Iwasaki, M Johnson, JR Lange, DJ Lista, L Lo Vetere, M Lu, C Macri, M Messner, R Moore, TB Morganti, S Neri, N Neal, H Palano, A Paoloni, E Paolucci, P Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patteri, P Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piccolo, D Piredda, G Robutti, E Roodman, A Santroni, A Sciacca, C Sinev, NB Strom, D Soha, A Tosi, S Va'vra, J Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DM Xie, Y Zallo, A AF Anulli, F Bagnasco, S Baldini, R Band, HR Bionta, R Brau, JE Brigljevic, V Buzzo, A Calcaterra, A Carpinelli, M Cartaro, C Cavallo, N Crosetti, G de Sangro, R De Nardo, G Eichenbaum, A Fabozzi, F Falciai, D Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Finocchiaro, G Forti, F Frey, R Gatto, C Grauges, E Iakovlev, NI Iwasaki, M Johnson, JR Lange, DJ Lista, L Lo Vetere, M Lu, C Macri, M Messner, R Moore, TB Morganti, S Neri, N Neal, H Palano, A Paoloni, E Paolucci, P Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patteri, P Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piccolo, D Piredda, G Robutti, E Roodman, A Santroni, A Sciacca, C Sinev, NB Strom, D Soha, A Tosi, S Va'vra, J Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DM Xie, Y Zallo, A TI The BaBar instrumented flux return performance: lessons learned SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE particle detectors; Muon detectors; resistive plate chambers AB The BaBar Collaboration has operated an instrumented flux return (IFR) system covering over 2000 m(2) with resistive plate chambers (RPCs) for nearly 3 years. The chambers are constructed of bakelite sheets separated by 2 mm. The inner surfaces are coated with linseed oil. This system provides muon and neutral hadron detection for BaBar. Installation and commissioning were completed in 1998, and operation began mid-year 1999. While initial performance of the system reached design, over time, a significant fraction of the RPCs demonstrated significant degradation, marked by increased currents and reduced efficiency. A coordinated effort of investigations have identified many of the elements responsible for the degradation. This article presents our current understanding of the aging process of the BaBar RPCs along with the action plan to combat performance degradation of the IFR system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dept Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Bari, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Sinev, NB (reprint author), SLAC, POB 20450,M-S 96, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 455 EP 463 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01532-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01532-2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800071 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Apollinari, G Arisaka, K Blomquist, J Breedon, R Bondar, N Bonushkin, Y Borissov, E Bujak, A Bylsma, B Chester, N Chrisman, D Clare, R Cline, D Cousins, R Cox, T Dolinsky, S Durkin, S Eartly, D Ferguson, T Feyzi, F Gavrilov, G Gilmore, J Gu, J Gutay, L Hann, F Hauser, J Hershman, S Ignatenko, M Ilie, S Ivanov, Y Ko, W Korienek, J Korytov, A Kubic, J Layter, J Lee, R Levtchenko, P Ling, TY Loveless, R Lusin, S Madorsky, A Maeshima, K Matthey, C Matveev, M Medved, S von der Mey, M Mitselmakher, G Otwinowski, S Padley, P Pal, I Petriello, F Pischalnikov, Y Prokofiev, O Razmyslovich, V Reeder, D Roberts, J Schipunov, L Sedov, S Smirnov, I Smith, B Sobolev, S Soulimov, V Souvorov, V Stasko, J Sytnik, V Tannenbaum, B Terentyev, N Tripathi, M Vavilov, S Villa, S Volkov, A Vorobyov, A Yarba, V Zilizi, G AF Acosta, D Apollinari, G Arisaka, K Blomquist, J Breedon, R Bondar, N Bonushkin, Y Borissov, E Bujak, A Bylsma, B Chester, N Chrisman, D Clare, R Cline, D Cousins, R Cox, T Dolinsky, S Durkin, S Eartly, D Ferguson, T Feyzi, F Gavrilov, G Gilmore, J Gu, J Gutay, L Hann, F Hauser, J Hershman, S Ignatenko, M Ilie, S Ivanov, Y Ko, W Korienek, J Korytov, A Kubic, J Layter, J Lee, R Levtchenko, P Ling, TY Loveless, R Lusin, S Madorsky, A Maeshima, K Matthey, C Matveev, M Medved, S von der Mey, M Mitselmakher, G Otwinowski, S Padley, P Pal, I Petriello, F Pischalnikov, Y Prokofiev, O Razmyslovich, V Reeder, D Roberts, J Schipunov, L Sedov, S Smirnov, I Smith, B Sobolev, S Soulimov, V Souvorov, V Stasko, J Sytnik, V Tannenbaum, B Terentyev, N Tripathi, M Vavilov, S Villa, S Volkov, A Vorobyov, A Yarba, V Zilizi, G TI Design features and test results of the CMS endcap Muon chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE aging; CMS; cathode strip; detector; gas; LHC; Muon ID STRIP AB Presented are the main design features and performance results of the Cathode Strip Chambers for the CMS Endcap Muon system. Although the strips are unusually wide (up to 16 mm) for the cathode-to-anode wire distance of 5 mm, the six-plane structure of these chambers yields a spatial resolution of about 80 pm, essentially uniform and independent of the strip width. In addition, the net spatial resolution of about one-tenth of the strip width at the hardware trigger level (300 ns) is obtained using a simple network of comparators. Time resolution achieved at the trigger level is similar to4 ns (rms) that allows unambiguous tagging of bunch crossings which occur every 25 ns. Aging test results, including those obtained with a recirculating gas system, are discussed; only minor aging affects were observed. The aging studies were performed with large-scale chambers; 700 m of wire were irradiated for a dose up to 0.4 C/cm of the total accumulated charge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Stasko, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, POB 118440,New Phys Bldg, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; OI Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Dolinsky, Sergei/0000-0002-2789-453X NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 504 EP 508 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01540-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01540-1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800079 ER PT J AU Akimenko, SA Bolotov, VN Britvich, GI Britvich, IG Cooper, PS Filin, AP Inyakin, AV Korolkov, IY Landsberg, LG Laptev, SV Molchanov, VV Novikov, VP Obraztsov, VF Petrenko, SI Polyakov, VA Ramberg, E Smirnov, NE Tchikelev, OG Tschirhart, RS Yushchenko, OP AF Akimenko, SA Bolotov, VN Britvich, GI Britvich, IG Cooper, PS Filin, AP Inyakin, AV Korolkov, IY Landsberg, LG Laptev, SV Molchanov, VV Novikov, VP Obraztsov, VF Petrenko, SI Polyakov, VA Ramberg, E Smirnov, NE Tchikelev, OG Tschirhart, RS Yushchenko, OP TI Beam test studies of the prototype Muon Veto System (MVS) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics CY FEB 28-MAR 06, 2002 CL BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA HO BUDKER INST NUCLEAR PHYS DE hadron calorimeters; Muon Veto System AB Results of the November 2000 test run of the prototype MVS system are described. The muon rejection factor at the level of 6.0 x 10(-6) has been achieved with pion detection efficiency near 87%. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Nucl Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Tchikelev, OG (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Pobeda Str 1, Protvino, Russia. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 509 EP 513 AR PII S0168-9002(02)01541-3 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01541-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 620HK UT WOS:000179527800080 ER PT J AU Tsai, MS Bogart, DF Castaneda, JM Li, P Lupu, R AF Tsai, MS Bogart, DF Castaneda, JM Li, P Lupu, R TI Cyr61 promotes breast tumorigenesis and cancer progression SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE Cyr61; invasiveness; estrogen-dependence; antiestrogen-resistance; breast cancer ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CELL-LINES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); TUMOR PROGRESSION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; PROTEIN-LEVELS; EXPRESSION AB Cyr61, a member of the CCN family of genes, is an angiogenic factor. We have shown that it is over-expressed in invasive and metastatic human breast cancer cells and tissues. Here, we investigated whether Cyr61 is necessary and/or sufficient to bypass the 'normal' estrogen (E2) requirements for breast cancer cell growth. Our results demonstrate that Cyr61 is sufficient to induce MCF-7 cells to grow in the absence of E2. Cyr61-transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/Cyr61) became E2-independent but still E2-responsive. On the other hand, MCF-7 cells transfected with the vector DNA (MCF-7/V) remain E2-dependent. MCF-7/Cyr61 cells acquire an antiestrogen-resistant phenotype, one of the most common clinical occurrences during breast cancer progression. MCF-7/Cyr61 cells are anchorage-independent and capable of forming Matrigel outgrowth patterns in the absence of E2. ERalpha expression in MCF7/Cyr61 cells is decreased although still functional. Moreover, MCF-7/Cyr61 cells are tumorigenic in ovariectomized athymic nude mice. The tumors resemble human invasive carcinomas with increased vascularization and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our results demonstrate that Cyr61 is a tumor-promoting factor and a key regulator of breast cancer progression. This study provides evidence that Cyr61. is sufficient to induce E2-independence and antiestrogen-resistance, and to promote invasiveness in vitro, and to induce tumorigenesis in vivo, all of which are characteristics of an aggressive breast cancer phenotype. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lupu, R (reprint author), Evanston NW Healthcare Res Inst, 1001 Univ Pl, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK49049] NR 36 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD NOV 21 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 53 BP 8178 EP 8185 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205682 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 615DW UT WOS:000179231400012 PM 12444554 ER PT J AU Cleary, PA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC AF Cleary, PA Wooldridge, PJ Cohen, RC TI Laser-induced fluorescence detection of atmospheric NO2 with a commercial diode laser and a supersonic expansion SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; PHOTOLYSIS SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY; INSTRUMENT AB Routine observations of atmospheric NO2 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 parts per billion are needed for air quality monitoring and for the evaluation of photochemical models. We have designed, constructed, and field tested a relatively inexpensive and specific NO2 sensor using laser-induced fluorescence. The instrument combines a commercial cw external-cavity tunable diode laser (640 nm) and a continuous supersonic expansion. The total package is completely automated, has a modest size of 0.5 m(3) and 118 kg, and could be manufactured at competitive prices with the current generation of instruments. The sensitivity of the instrument is 145 parts per trillion by volume min(-1) (signal-to-noise ratio of 2), which is more than adequate for monitoring purposes. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm Technol, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 33 BP 6950 EP 6956 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006950 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 617VC UT WOS:000179380700004 PM 12463239 ER PT J AU Irion, FW Gunson, MR Toon, GC Chang, AY Eldering, A Mahieu, E Manney, GL Michelsen, HA Moyer, EJ Newchurch, MJ Osterman, GB Rinsland, CP Salawitch, RJ Sen, B Yung, YL Zander, R AF Irion, FW Gunson, MR Toon, GC Chang, AY Eldering, A Mahieu, E Manney, GL Michelsen, HA Moyer, EJ Newchurch, MJ Osterman, GB Rinsland, CP Salawitch, RJ Sen, B Yung, YL Zander, R TI Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment version 3 data retrievals SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR OCCULTATION SPECTRA; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; VOLCANIC AEROSOL; SPACE-SHUTTLE; NOVEMBER 1994; INSTRUMENTS; SATELLITE; EVOLUTION; AIRCRAFT AB Version 3 of the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment data set for some 30 trace and minor gas profiles is available. From the IR solar-absorption spectra measured during four Space Shuttle missions (in 1985, 1992, 1993, and 1994), profiles from more than 350 occultations were retrieved from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. Previous results were unreliable for tropospheric retrievals, but with a new global-fitting algorithm profiles are reliably returned down to altitudes as low as 6.5 km (clouds permitting) and include notably improved retrievals of H2O, CO, and other species. Results for stratospheric water are more consistent across the ATMOS spectral filters and do not indicate a net consumption of H-2 in the upper stratosphere. A new sulfuric-acid aerosol product is described. An overview of ATMOS Version 3 processing is presented with a discussion of estimated uncertainties. Differences between these Version 3 and previously reported Version 2 ATMOS results are discussed. Retrievals are available at http://atmos.jpl.nasa.gov/atmos. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Langley, VA 23681 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM bill.irion@jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286 NR 45 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 33 BP 6968 EP 6979 DI 10.1364/AO.41.006968 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 617VC UT WOS:000179380700006 PM 12463241 ER PT J AU Pruet, J Guiles, S Fuller, GM AF Pruet, J Guiles, S Fuller, GM TI Light-element synthesis in high-entropy relativistic flows associated with gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : neutron ID R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; BLACK-HOLES; STARS; DEUTERIUM; RATIO AB We calculate and discuss the light-element freezeout and nonthermal reaction nucleosynthesis in high-entropy winds and fireballs for broad ranges of entropy per baryon, dynamic timescales characterizing relativistic expansion, and neutron-to-proton ratios. With conditions characteristic of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we find that deuterium production can be prodigious, with final abundance values H-2/Hgreater than or similar to2%, depending on the fireball isospin, late-time dynamics, and the effects of neutron-decoupling-induced high-energy nonthermal nuclear reactions. This implies that there could potentially be detectable local enhancements in the deuterium abundance associated with GRB events. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Pruet, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 580 IS 1 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1086/342838 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 616ET UT WOS:000179291400033 ER PT J AU Mauche, CW AF Mauche, CW TI Correlation of the quasi-periodic oscillation frequencies of white dwarf, neutron star, and black hole binaries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (SS Cygni); stars : neutron; stars : oscillations; X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; NOVA SS CYGNI; COHERENT OSCILLATIONS; U-GEMINORUM; CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; EUVE OBSERVATIONS; OUTBURST; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; SPECTRUM AB Using data obtained in 1994 June and July with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer deep survey photometer and in 2001 January with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrograph, we investigate the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray oscillations of the dwarf nova SS Cyg in outburst. We find quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) at nu(0) + 0.012 and nu(1) approximate to 0.13 Hz in the EUV flux and at nu(0) approximate to 0.0090, nu(1) approximate to 0.11, and possibly nu(2) approximate to nu(0) + nu(1) approximate to 0.12 Hz in the soft X-ray flux. These data, combined with the optical data of Woudt & Warner for VW Hyi, extend the Psaltis, Belloni, & van der Klis nu(high)-nu(low) correlation for neutron star and black hole low-mass X- ray binaries (LMXBs) nearly 2 orders of magnitude in frequency, with nu(low) approximate to 0. 08 nu(high). This correlation identifies the high-frequency quasi-coherent oscillations (so-called dwarf nova oscillations) of cataclysmic variables (CVs) with the kilohertz QPOs of LMXBs and the low-frequency QPOs of CVs with the horizontal branch oscillations (or the broad noise component identified as such) of LMXBs. Assuming that the same mechanisms produce the QPOs in white dwarf, neutron star, and black hole binaries, we find that the data exclude the relativistic precession model and the magnetospheric and sonic-point beat-frequency models (as well as any model requiring the presence or absence of a stellar surface or magnetic field); more promising are models that interpret QPOs as manifestations of disk accretion onto any low magnetic field compact object. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-43,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 46 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 580 IS 1 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1086/343095 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 616ET UT WOS:000179291400039 ER PT J AU Moon, YJ Chae, J Wang, HM Choe, GS Park, YD AF Moon, YJ Chae, J Wang, HM Choe, GS Park, YD TI Impulsive variations of the magnetic helicity change rate associated with eruptive flares SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : photosphere ID ACTIVE-REGION; FIELD; MOTION AB In this paper, we investigate impulsive variations of the magnetic helicity change rate associated with eruptive solar flares (three X class flares and one M class flare) accompanying halo coronal mass ejections. By analyzing four sets of 1 minute cadence full-disk magnetograms taken by the Michelson Doppler Imager on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, we have determined the rates of magnetic helicity transport due to horizontal photospheric motions. We have found that magnetic helicity of the order of 10(41) Mx(2) was impulsively injected into the corona around the flaring peak time of all the flares. We also found that there is a positive correlation between the impulsively injected magnetic helicity and the X-ray peak flux of the associated. are. The impulsive helicity variations are attributed to horizontal velocity kernels localized near the polarity inversion lines. Finally, we report that there is a close spatial proximity between the horizontal velocity kernels and Halpha bright points. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. Korea Astron Observ, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Moon, YJ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Big Bear Solar Observ, 40386 N Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013 NR 27 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 580 IS 1 BP 528 EP 537 DI 10.1086/343130 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 616ET UT WOS:000179291400049 ER PT J AU Carroll, S O'Day, PA Esser, B Randall, S AF Carroll, S O'Day, PA Esser, B Randall, S TI Speciation and fate of trace metals in estuarine sediments under reduced and oxidized conditions, Seaplane Lagoon, Alameda Naval Air Station (USA) SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; INTERACTIONS CONTROLLING ZINC; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TRISTATE MINING DISTRICT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; BENTHIC FLUXES; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; CADMIUM AB We have identified important chemical reactions that control the fate of metal-contaminated estuarine sediments if they are left undisturbed (in situ) or if they are dredged. We combined information on the molecular bonding of metals in solids from X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with thermodynamic and kinetic driving forces obtained from dissolved metal concentrations to deduce the dominant reactions under reduced and oxidized conditions. We evaluated the in situ geochemistry of metals (cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, manganese and zinc) as a function of sediment depth (to 100 cm) from a 60 year record of contamination at the Alameda Naval Air Station, California. Results from XAS and thermodynamic modeling of porewaters show that cadmium and most of the zinc form stable sulfide phases, and that lead and chromium are associated with stable carbonate, phosphate, phyllosilicate, or oxide minerals. Therefore, there is minimal risk associated with the release of these trace metals from the deeper sediments contaminated prior to the Clean Water Act (1975) as long as reducing conditions are maintained. Increased concentrations of dissolved metals with depth were indicative of the formation of metal HS- complexes. The sediments also contain zinc, chromium, and manganese associated with detrital iron-rich phyllosilicates and/or oxides. These phases are recalcitrant at near-neutral pH and do not undergo reductive dissolution within the 60 year depositional history of sediments at this site. The fate of these metals during dredging was evaluated by comparing in situ geochemistry with that of sediments oxidized by seawater in laboratory experiments. Cadmium and zinc pose the greatest hazard from dredging because their sulfides were highly reactive in seawater. However, their dissolved concentrations under oxic conditions were limited eventually by sorption to or co-precipitation with an iron (oxy)hydroxide. About 50% of the reacted CdS and 80% of the reacted ZnS were bonded to an oxide-substrate at the end of the 90-day oxidation experiment. Lead and chromium pose a minimal hazard from dredging because they are bonded to relatively insoluble carbonate, phosphate, phyllosilicate, or oxide minerals that are stable in seawater. These results point out the specific chemical behavior of individual metals in estuarine sediments, and the need for direct confirmation of metal speciation in order to constrain predictive models that realistically assess the fate of metals in urban harbors and coastal sediments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. RP Carroll, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 63 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 3 BP 81 EP 101 DI 10.1039/b205002a PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 626AD UT WOS:000179847000001 ER PT J AU Christon, MA Gresho, PM Sutton, SB AF Christon, MA Gresho, PM Sutton, SB TI Computational predictability of time-dependent natural convection flows in enclosures (including a benchmark solution) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st MIT Meeting on Computational Solid Fluid Mechanics CY JUN, 2001 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HO MIT DE 8 : 1 thermally driven cavity; CFD; Boussinesq equations; incompressible flow ID SQUARE CAVITY AB This paper summarizes the results from a special session dedicated to understanding the fluid dynamics of the 8:1 thermally driven cavity which was held at the First MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Dynamics in June, 2001. The primary objectives for the special session were to: (1) determine the most accurate estimate of the critical Rayleigh number above which the flow is unsteady, (2) identify the correct, i.e. best time-dependent benchmark solution for the 8:1 differentially heated cavity at particular values of the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, and (3) identify those methods that can reliably provide these results. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R & D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Christon, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R & D Dept, M-S 0819,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 953 EP 980 DI 10.1002/fld.395 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 617CB UT WOS:000179341700002 ER PT J AU Salinger, AG Lehoucq, RB Pawlowski, RP Shadid, JN AF Salinger, AG Lehoucq, RB Pawlowski, RP Shadid, JN TI Computational bifurcation and stability studies of the 8 : 1 thermal cavity problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st MIT Meeting on Computational Solid Fluid Mechanics CY JUN, 2001 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HO MIT DE bifurcations; stability; eigenvalues; parallel computers; finite element; CFD ID FLUID-FLOW; PARALLEL; FORMULATIONS; HEAT AB Stability analysis algorithms coupled with a robust Newton-Krylov steady-state iterative solver are used to understand the behavior of the 2D model problem of thermal convection in a 8:1 differentially heated cavity. Parameter continuation methods along with bifurcation and linear stability analysis are used to study transition from steady to transient flow as a function of Rayleigh number. To carry out this study the steady-state form of the governing PDEs is discretized using a Galerkin/least-squares finite element formulation, and solved on parallel computers using a fully coupled Newton method and preconditioned Krylov iterative linear solvers. Linear stability analysis employing a large-scale eigenvalue capability is used to determine the stability of the steady solutions. The boundary between steady and time-dependent flows is determined by a Hopf bifurcation tracking capability that is used to directly track the instability with respect to the aspect ratio of the system and with respect to mesh resolution. The effect of upwinding stabilization terms in the finite element formulation on the computed value of critical Rayleigh number is investigated. The Hopf bifurcation signaling the onset of flow is determined to occur at a critical Rayleigh number of Ra = 3.0604 x 10(5). Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Computat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Salinger, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Computat Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1059 EP 1073 DI 10.1002/fld.392 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 617CB UT WOS:000179341700010 ER PT J AU Dunn, TA McCallen, RC AF Dunn, TA McCallen, RC TI Parallel computations of natural convection flow in a tall cavity using an explicit finite element method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st MIT Meeting on Computational Solid Fluid Mechanics CY JUN, 2001 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HO MIT DE incompressible flow; natural convection; Boussinesq; Navier-Stokes; finite element method; cavity AB An explicit finite element method was used to predict a natural convection flow in an enclosed cavity. The problem considered was a differentially heated, tall (8:1), rectangular cavity with a Rayleigh number of 3.4 x 10(5) and Prandtl number of 0.71. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a Boussinesq approximation for the buoyancy force. The algorithm was developed for efficient use on massively parallel computer systems with emphasis on time-accurate simulations. It was found that the average temperature and velocity values can be captured with a relatively coarse grid, while the oscillation amplitude and period appear to be grid sensitive and require a refined computation. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dunn, TA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1081 DI 10.1002/fld.393 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 617CB UT WOS:000179341700011 ER PT J AU Gresho, PM Sutton, SB AF Gresho, PM Sutton, SB TI Application of the FIDAP code to the 8 : 1 thermal cavity problem SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st MIT Meeting on Computational Solid Fluid Mechanics CY JUN, 2001 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HO MIT DE finite elements; FIDAP; thermal convection; CFD; Boussinesq equations; incompressible flow AB We present results using FIDAP on 3 meshes with 3 different elements (Q(1)Q(0),Q(2)P(-1),Q(2)Q(-1)) employed on each. Whereas the bulk of the results were obtained via the 'classical' Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) and the trapezoidal (TR) time integrator, we also tested several alternative options: flux-conservative formulation, energy-conservative formulation, streamline upwinding, mass lumping, backward Euler time stepping, and one additional element (Q(2)Q(1)). The most accurate of these options was the Q(2)Q(-1) element in the advective formulation, no upwinding, trapezoidal time integration, and consistent mass; i.e. straight GFEM. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sutton, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1083 EP 1092 DI 10.1002/fld.394 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 617CB UT WOS:000179341700012 ER PT J AU Christon, MA AF Christon, MA TI LS-DYNA and the 8 : 1 differentially heated cavity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st MIT Meeting on Computational Solid Fluid Mechanics CY JUN, 2001 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HO MIT DE finite elements; LS-DYNA; thermal convection; CFD; Boussinesq equations; incompressible flow ID VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; SEMIIMPLICIT PROJECTION METHODS; CONSISTENT MASS MATRIX; IMPLEMENTATION AB This paper presents results computed using LS-DYNA's new incompressible flow solver for a differentially heated cavity with an 8:1 aspect ratio at a slightly super-critical Rayleigh number. Three Galerkin-based solution methods are applied to the 8:1 thermal cavity on a sequence of four grids. The solution methods include an explicit time-integration algorithm and two second-order projection methods-one semi-implicit and the other fully implicit. A series of ad hoc modifications to the basic Galerkin finite element method are shown to result in degraded solution quality with the most serious effects introduced by row-sum lumping the mass matrix. The inferior accuracy of a lumped mass matrix relative to a consistent mass matrix is demonstrated with the explicit algorithm which fails to obtain a transient solution on the coarsest grid and exhibits a general trend to under-predict oscillation amplitudes. The best results are obtained with semi-implicit and fully implicit second-order projection methods where the fully implicit method is used in conjunction with a 'smart' time integrator. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Christon, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys R&D Dept, M-S 0819,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1144 DI 10.1002/fld.400 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 617CB UT WOS:000179341700016 ER PT J AU Miller, GH Colella, P AF Miller, GH Colella, P TI A conservative three-dimensional Eulerian method for coupled solid-fluid shock capturing SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solid mechanics; fluid dynamics; shock waves; Godunov method; elasticity; plasticity; solid-fluid coupling; adaptive mesh refinement; AMR ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; ORDER GODUNOV METHOD; LAWS; DEFORMATION; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS; UNSPLIT; FLOW AB A new method is presented for the explicit Eulerian finite difference computation of shock capturing problems involving multiple resolved material phases in three dimensions. We solve separately for each phase the equations of fluid dynamics or solid mechanics, using as interface boundary conditions artificially extended representations of the individual phases. For fluids we use a new 3D spatially unsplit implementation of the piecewise parabolic (PPM) method of Colella and Woodward. For solids we use the 3D spatially unsplit Eulerian solid mechanics method of Miller and Colella. Vacuum and perfectly incompressible obstacles may also be employed as phases. A separate problem is the time evolution of material interfaces, which are represented by planar segments constructed with a volume-of-fluid method. The volume fractions are advanced in time using a second-order 3D spatially unsplit advection routine with a velocity field determined by solution of interface-normal two-phase Riemann problems. From the Riemann problem solutions we also determine cross-interface momentum and energy fluxes. The volume fractions in mixed cells may be arbitrarily small, which would ordinarily make the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy time step stability limit arbitrarily small as well. We overcome this limitation using the mass-redistribution formalism to conservatively redistribute generalized mass in the neighborhood of the split cells. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM grgmiller@ucdavis.edu; pcolella@lbl.gov NR 47 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 183 IS 1 BP 26 EP 82 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7158 PG 57 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 629ML UT WOS:000180053400002 ER PT J AU Ricci, P Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU AF Ricci, P Lapenta, G Brackbill, JU TI A simplified implicit Maxwell solver SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Maxwell's equations; divergence constraints; boundary conditions; implicit numerical method; particle-in-cell implicit method ID COLLISIONLESS MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; ELECTROMAGNETIC PLASMA SIMULATION; PARTICLE SIMULATION; FINITE-ELEMENT; CHARGE CONSERVATION; KINETIC SIMULATIONS; SPURIOUS MODES; EQUATIONS; HYBRID; TRANSPORT AB We apply the second-order formulation of Maxwell's equations proposed by Jiang et al. (1996, J. Comput. Phys. 125, 104) to the solution of the implicit formulation of the three-dimensional, time-dependent Vlasov-Maxwell's system. An implicit finite difference algorithm is developed to solve the Maxwell's equations in a bounded domain with physical boundary conditions comprising electrically conducting walls (perfect conductors) and constant magnetic flux walls. We formulate the boundary conditions for Maxwell's equations to satisfy Poisson's equation throughout the domain by solving it only on the boundary. This eliminates the need for a separate projection step. We compare numerical results with analytical solutions for electromagnetic waves in vacuo, and using the implicit particle-in-cell code CELESTE3D, we test the new solver on the geospace environment modeling magnetic reconnection challenge problem. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 INFM, Dipartimento Fis, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP INFM, Dipartimento Fis, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 183 IS 1 BP 117 EP 141 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7170 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 629ML UT WOS:000180053400004 ER PT J AU Wilds, CJ Wawrzak, Z Krishnamurthy, R Eschenmoser, A Egli, M AF Wilds, CJ Wawrzak, Z Krishnamurthy, R Eschenmoser, A Egli, M TI Crystal structure of a B-form DNA duplex containing (L)-alpha-threofuranosyl (3 '-> 2 ') nucleosides: A four-carbon sugar is easily accommodated into the backbone of DNA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEIC-ACID STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; CHEMICAL ETIOLOGY; RESOLUTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; SYSTEM; DODECAMER; SPINE AB (L)-alpha-Threofuranosyl-(3'-->2')-oligonucleotides (TNA) containing vicinally connected phosphodiester linkages undergo informational base pairing in an antiparallel strand orientation and are capable of cross-pairing with RNA and DNA. TNA is derived from a sugar containing only four carbon atoms and is one of the simplest potentially natural nucleic acid alternatives investigated thus far in the context of a chemical etiology of nucleic acid structure. Compared to DNA and RNA that contain six covalent bonds per repeating nucleotide unit, TNA contains only five. We have determined the atomic-resolution crystal structure of the B-form DNA duplex [d(CGCGAA)T*d(TCGCG)](2) containing a single (L)-alpha-threofuranosyl thymine (T*) per strand. In the modified duplex base stacking interactions are practically unchanged relative to the reference DNA structure. The orientations of the backbone at the TNA incorporation sites are slightly altered in order to accommodate fewer atoms and covalent bonds. The conformation of the threose is C4'-exo with the 2'- and 3'-substituents assuming quasi-diaxial orientation. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DND CAT Synchrotron Res Ctr, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Organ Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Egli, M (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Wilds, Christopher/K-4012-2013 OI Wilds, Christopher/0000-0002-0336-4753 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 55237] NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 46 BP 13716 EP 13721 DI 10.1021/ja0207807 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 615WG UT WOS:000179269800031 PM 12431101 ER PT J AU Volinsky, AA Moody, NR Kottke, ML Gerberich, WW AF Volinsky, AA Moody, NR Kottke, ML Gerberich, WW TI Fiducial mark and nanocrack zone formation during thin-film delamination SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on the Fundamentals of Fracture CY MAR 26-30, 2001 CL CIRENCESTER, ENGLAND ID QUANTITATIVE ADHESION MEASURES; MULTILAYER FILMS; TANTALUM NITRIDE; ALUMINUM FILMS; DUCTILE; INDENTATION; FRACTURE; BRITTLE; DECOHESION; MECHANICS AB Carbon fiducial marks are formed during thin-film local delamination processes induced either by superlayer indentation forming circular blisters, or by residual stress relief through telephone cord blister formation. Hydrocarbons are sucked into the crack tip during the delamination process, outlining the crack-tip-opening angle, which can be used to back calculate thin-film adhesion using either elastic or plastic analyses presented here. Fiducial marks have been observed in two different thin-film systems, namely Cu/SiO2 and TiWxNy/GaAs. Cu/SiO2 delamination blisters have been cross-sectioned using the focused-ion-beam method, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of the cross-sections revealed crack renucleation ahead of the original crack tip. This is attributed to the stress redistribution process due to the dislocation shielding mechanism. At stress intensity levels of 0.33 MPa m(1/2), it is found that four emitted dislocations can account for crack arrest, with renucleation of 100 nm sized nanocracks dependent on the antishielding stresses. C1 Motorola Inc, Digital DNA TM Labs, Proc & Mat Characterizat Lab, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Volinsky, AA (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Digital DNA TM Labs, Proc & Mat Characterizat Lab, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. RI Volinsky, Alex/A-7974-2009; OI Volinsky, Alex/0000-0002-8520-6248 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 17-18 BP 3383 EP 3391 DI 10.1080/01418610210150622 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 638HN UT WOS:000180565700022 ER PT J AU Harrison, WA AF Harrison, WA TI p, d and f bonds in elemental solids SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENERALIZED PSEUDOPOTENTIAL THEORY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL FORMULATION; TRANSITION-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES AB We study the energy :gained for simple crystal structures by occupying the lower portion of tight-binding bands arising from one shell of atomic orbitals. We see that a Friedel model, based upon a rectangular density of states and the second moment of the bands, gives a reasonable account of the cohesive energy: It also predicts an equilibrium spacing proportional to the fourth root of the coordination but gives total energies independent of coordination. This depended upon an interatomic repulsion assumed to be proportional to the square of the interorbital coupling. When the variation in the repulsion is more rapid, as it tends to be lower in the periodic table, and in the simple metals, larger coordinations and simple close-packed structures are favoured. Going beyond this approximation, we find the energy lower when weakly coupled bond orbitals can be constructed, as for the sigma bonds in tetrahedral semiconductors. Applying this correction to half-filled p bands favours the formation of right-angle sigma bonds between three neighbours. This result, modified for the different filling of the p shell in the non-metal groups V, VI, VII and VIII of the periodic table, gives a good qualitative account of the observed structures. The same theory applied to half-filled f bands gives the same tendency for right-angle sigma bonds, although for d bands it does not. Applying the theory to the light actinides, for fillings less than half, makes plausible the type of structures observed in plutonium and neptunium and is not inconsistent with those observed in uranium, protactinium and thorium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Harrison, WA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-1 MS B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 17 BP 1755 EP 1766 DI 10.1080/1364281021000036067 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 638HE UT WOS:000180564900001 ER PT J AU Mattsson, AE Jennison, DR AF Mattsson, AE Jennison, DR TI Computing accurate surface energies and the importance of electron self-energy in metal/metal-oxide adhesion SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; jellium models; adhesion; surface energy; palladium; aluminum oxide ID FILMS; SUBSTRATE; METALS; AL2O3; ATOMS AB Starting with density functional theory (DFT) results, we correct surface energies using a jellium. model as applied to surface electron densities obtained from the first principles calculations. We apply these results to the computed work of adhesion for Pd(111) to alpha-Al2O3 (0001). Here polarization bonding dominates at the interface and is well described by DFT, but the surface energies of both the metal and the oxide have substantial errors due to electron self-exchange and self-correlation. We show that this correction is quite large for the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), thus explaining the difference between GGA results for metal/metal-oxide binding and those obtained by the local density approximation, where an accidental cancellation in errors produces better agreement with experiment. After the corrections, both methods produce results that are within the experimental error bars. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, 1114, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aematts@sandia.gov; drjenni@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 520 IS 1-2 BP L611 EP L618 AR PII S0039-6028(02)02209-4 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02209-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 615YE UT WOS:000179274300002 ER PT J AU Pochan, DJ Pakstis, L Huang, E Hawker, CJ Vestberg, R Pople, J AF Pochan, DJ Pakstis, L Huang, E Hawker, CJ Vestberg, R Pople, J TI Architectural disparity effects in the morphology of dendrimer-linear coil diblock copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID STAR BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; GRAFT-COPOLYMERS; INTERFACES; ASYMMETRY; FILMS; GRAIN C1 Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10958 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Hawker, Craig/G-4971-2011 OI Hawker, Craig/0000-0001-9951-851X NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 19 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 24 BP 9239 EP 9242 DI 10.1021/ma0207531 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 616HL UT WOS:000179298300048 ER PT J AU Janotti, A Wei, SH AF Janotti, A Wei, SH TI Computational design of a material for high-efficiency spin-polarized electron source SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECIAL POINTS; PHOTOEMISSION; GAAS AB The search for the highest quality and efficient spin-polarized electron source (SPES) is of fundamental importance in the investigation of spin-dependent phenomena in atomic, condensed-matter, nuclear, and particle physics. We propose a material, AgGaSe2 in the CuAu phase, as a high-quality SPES. We show that AgGaSe2 in the CuAu phase has an "ideal" band structure that allows the generation of electron beams with 100% polarization: a direct band gap with large and positive spin-orbit splitting and crystal-field splitting. Moreover, we predict that strain-free AgGaSe2 in CuAu phase can be obtained by epitaxial growth on ZnSe substrate. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Janotti, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 21 BP 3957 EP 3959 DI 10.1063/1.1521510 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TR UT WOS:000179207300015 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Danailov, M Barinov, A Kaulich, B Gregoratti, L Kiskinova, M AF Nelson, AJ Danailov, M Barinov, A Kaulich, B Gregoratti, L Kiskinova, M TI Scanning photoelectron microscopy study of laser-induced surface reactions in Pt/Si(001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICIDE FORMATION; VALENCE-BAND; PTSI FILMS; INTERFACE; METAL AB Synchrotron radiation scanning photoemission spectroscopy has been used to study thin platinum silicide layers produced by pulsed-laser annealing of vacuum deposited Pt films on Si(001). High-resolution photoemission measurements on the Pt 4f and Si 2p core lines were used to evaluate morphological changes and interfacial reactions. Distinct regions were identified with varying PtSi thickness and mixed Pt-rich silicides. The lateral distribution and the chemical phases formed within the laser-irradiated spots indicate that the local laser-induced temperature rise controls the interfacial processes. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Laser Lab, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Danailov, Miltcho/0000-0002-1888-1331; BARINOV, Alexey/0000-0003-4125-3779 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 21 BP 3981 EP 3983 DI 10.1063/1.1522480 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TR UT WOS:000179207300023 ER PT J AU Xie, YY Wu, JZ Aytug, T Christen, DK Cardona, AH AF Xie, YY Wu, JZ Aytug, T Christen, DK Cardona, AH TI Diffusion mechanism of cation-exchange process for fabrication of HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta superconducting films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SURFACE-RESISTANCE; POWER; HG AB In a cation-exchange process, epitaxial Hg-based high-temperature superconducting (HTS) films are obtained from epitaxial Tl-based HTS precursor films by diffusing Tl cations out of, and Hg cations into the crystal lattice. In order to understand the cation diffusion mechanism, we have carried out a systematic study on conversion of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 precursor films to HgBa2CaCu2O6 films. Such a conversion was found to be composed of two steps. In the first step, Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 collapses structurally into the (Tl,Hg)Ba2CaCu2O6 lattice, while in the second step, Tl cations diffuse out while Hg cations diffuse in, resulting in pure HgBa2CaCu2O6 phase. A time constant tau(1) of about 45-60 min was found for the first stage, while the second stage tau(2) is beyond 2tau(1). This provides potential to optimize the cation exchange processing parameters for Hg-based HTS films and devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Superconductor Technol Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Xie, YY (reprint author), SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 21 BP 4002 EP 4004 DI 10.1063/1.1521574 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TR UT WOS:000179207300030 ER PT J AU Mahan, AH Alleman, JL Heben, MJ Parilla, PA Jones, KM Dillon, AC AF Mahan, AH Alleman, JL Heben, MJ Parilla, PA Jones, KM Dillon, AC TI Hot wire chemical vapor deposition of isolated carbon single-walled nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; GROWTH; CVD AB Hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) has been employed for the continuous generation of carbon single-walled nanotube (SWNT) materials. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed only the presence of isolated SWNTs, rather than nanotubes existing in bundles. An analysis of the growth mechanism explaining the production of isolated SWNTs is provided. Also, the Raman radial breathing modes (RBMs) of the isolated HWCVD-generated nanotubes are compared to the RBMs of small bundles of nanotubes deposited by a conventional CVD technique having a similar diameter distribution. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM adillon@nrel.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 21 BP 4061 EP 4063 DI 10.1063/1.1518771 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TR UT WOS:000179207300050 ER PT J AU Groso, A Margaritondo, G Hwu, Y Tsai, WL Je, JH Lai, B AF Groso, A Margaritondo, G Hwu, Y Tsai, WL Je, JH Lai, B TI Dispersive coherence-enhanced radiology: Experimental test and modeling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CONTRAST; X-RAYS AB Can the photon energy dependence of coherence-enhanced radiographs lead to elemental identification? Our tests pave the way to a positive response by showing that image details do change as the photon energy crosses an absorption threshold. The observed changes are explained by a simple model of the interplay between the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 EPFL, Fac Sci Base, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Groso, A (reprint author), EPFL, Fac Sci Base, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 81 IS 21 BP 4076 EP 4078 DI 10.1063/1.1524292 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 614TR UT WOS:000179207300055 ER PT J AU Zhuravleva, MA Wang, XP Schultz, AJ Bakas, T Kanatzidis, MG AF Zhuravleva, MA Wang, XP Schultz, AJ Bakas, T Kanatzidis, MG TI Isolation of the new cubic phases RE4FeGa12-xGex (RE = Sm, Tb; x=2.5) from molten gallium: Single-crystal neutron diffraction study of the Ga/Ge distribution SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; EXPLORATORY SYNTHESIS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ALUMINUM SILICIDES; SOLVENT; ND; CHALCOGENIDES; QUATERNARY; URANIUM; GROWTH AB The compounds RE4FeGa12-xGex (RE = Sm, Tb) were discovered in reactions employing molten Ga as a solvent at 850 degreesC. However, the isostructural Y4FeGa12-xGex was prepared from a direct combination reaction. The crystal structure is cubic with space group Im (3) over barm, Z = 2, and a = 8.657(4) Angstrom and 8.5620(9) Angstrom for the Sm and Tb analogues, respectively. Structure refinement based on full-matrix least squares on F-0(2) resulted in R-1 = 1.47% and wR(2) = 4.13% [1 > 2sigma(1)] for RE = Sm and R-1 = 2.29% and wR(2) = 7.12% [1 > 2sigma(l)] for RE = Tb. The compounds crystallize in the U4Re7Si6 structure type, where the RE atoms are located on 8c (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) sites and the Fe atoms on 2a (0, 0, 0) sites. The distribution of Ga and Ge in the structure, investigated with single-crystal neutron diffraction on the Tb analogue, revealed that these atoms are disordered over the 12d (1/4, 0, 1/2) and 12e (x, 0, 0) sites. The amount of Ga/Ge occupying the 12d and 12e sites refined to 89(4)/11 and 70(4)/30%, respectively. Transport property measurements indicate that these compounds are metallic conductors. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and Mossbauer spectroscopy performed on the Tb analogue show a nonmagnetic state for Fe, while the Tb atoms carry a magnetic moment corresponding to a mu(eff) of 9.25 mu(B). C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 23 BP 6056 EP 6061 DI 10.1021/ic025544b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 614JE UT WOS:000179184200022 PM 12425633 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, AE Zhai, HJ Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI AF Kuznetsov, AE Zhai, HJ Wang, LS Boldyrev, AI TI Peculiar antiaromatic inorganic molecules of tetrapnictogen in Na(+)Pn(4)(-)(Pn = P, As, Sb) and important consequences for hydrocarbons SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ORBITAL METHODS; CLUSTER ANIONS; PLANAR CARBON; ATOMS; AROMATICITY; EFFICIENT AB Although aromaticity has been observed in inorganic and all-metal species, the concept of antiaromaticity has not been extended beyond organic molecules. Here, we present theoretical and experimental evidence that the 6 pi-electron tetrapnictogen dianions in Na(+)Pn(4)(2-) (Pn = P, As, Sb) undergo a transition from being aromatic to antiaromatic upon electron detachment, yielding the first inorganic antiaromatic Na(+)Pn(4)(-) molecules. Two types of antiaromatic structures were characterized, the conventional rectangular species and a new peculiar quasiplanar rhombus species. Aromaticity and antiaromaticity in the tetrapnictogen molecules were derived from molecular orbital analyses and verified by experimental photodetachment spectra of Na(+)Pn(4)(2-). On the basis of our findings for the tetrapnictogen clusters, we predicted computationally that the organic C4H4- anion also possesses two antiaromatic structures: rectangular and rhombus. Moreover, only the rhombus antiaromatic minimum was found for the radical NC3H4, thus extending the peculiar rhombus antiaromatic structure first uncovered in inorganic clusters into organic chemistry. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific Nw Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boldyrev, AI (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Kuznetsov, Aleksey/F-1345-2010; Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009; Kuznetsov, Aleksey/E-5099-2015 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669; NR 46 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 23 BP 6062 EP 6070 DI 10.1021/ic020426+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 614JE UT WOS:000179184200023 PM 12425634 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, DM Omberg, KM Schoonover, JR Martin, RL Meyer, TJ AF Dattelbaum, DM Omberg, KM Schoonover, JR Martin, RL Meyer, TJ TI Application of time-resolved infrared Spectroscopy to electronic structure in metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; NONRADIATIVE DECAY; CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; RHENIUM(I); OSMIUM(II); RUTHENIUM(II); IR; CO AB Infrared data in the nu(CO) region (1800-2150 cm(-1), in acetonitrile at 298 K) are reported for the ground ((ν) over bar (gs)) and polypyridyl-based, metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited ((ν) over tilde (es)) states of cis-[Os(pp)(2)(CO)(L)](n+) (pp = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy); L = PPh3, CH3CN, pyridine, Cl, or H) and tac-[Re(PP)(CO)(3)(4-Etpy)](+) (pp = phen, bpy, 4,4'-(CH3)(2)bpy, 4,4'-(CH3O)(2)bpy, or 4,4'-(CO2Et)(2)bpy; 4-Etpy = 4-ethylpyridine). Systematic variations in (ν) over bar (gs), (ν) over bar (es) and Delta(ν) over bar (Delta(ν) over bar = (ν) over bar (es) - (ν) over bar (gs)) are observed with the excited-to-ground-state energy gap (E-0) derived by a Franck-Condon analysis of emission spectra. These variations can be explained qualitatively by invoking a series of electronic interactions. Variations in dpi(M)-pi*(CO) back-bonding are important in the ground state. In the excited state, the important interactions are (1) loss of back-bonding and a(M-CO) bond polarization, (2) pi*(pp.(-))-pi*(CO) mixing, which provides the orbital basis for mixing pi*(CO)- and pi*(4,4'-X(2)bpy)-based MLCT excited states, and (3) dpi(M)-pi(pp) mixing, which provides the orbital basis for mixing pipi*- and pi*(4,4'-X-2-bpy.(-))-based MLCT states. The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the ground and excited states of fac-[Re-1(bpy)(CO)(3)(4-Etpy)](+) provide assignments for the v(CO) modes in the MLCT excited state. They also support the importance of pi*(4,4'-X(2)bpy.(-))-pi*(CO) mixing, provide an explanation for the relative intensities of the A'(2) and A" excited-state bands, and provide an explanation for the large excited-to-ground-state nu(CO) shift for the A'(2) mode and its relative insensitivity to variations in X. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Omberg, Kristin/I-5972-2013 NR 34 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 23 BP 6071 EP 6079 DI 10.1021/ic020400i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 614JE UT WOS:000179184200024 PM 12425635 ER PT J AU Orent, W Zelicoff, A AF Orent, W Zelicoff, A TI Bad chemistry SO NEW REPUBLIC LA English DT Letter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW REPUBLIC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1220 19TH ST NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0028-6583 J9 NEW REPUBLIC JI New Repub. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 227 IS 21 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 614DK UT WOS:000179172900004 ER PT J AU Osborne, J Wang, XN AF Osborne, J Wang, XN TI Multiple parton scattering in nuclei: twist-four nuclear matrix elements and off-forward parton distributions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; HADRONIC SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS; ENERGY-LOSS; SMALL-X; DEPENDENCE AB Multiple parton scatterings inside a large nucleus generally involve higher-twist nuclear parton matrix elements. The gluon bremsstrahlung induced by multiple scattering depends not only on direct parton matrix elements but also on momentum-crossed ones, due to the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal interference effect. We show that both types of twist-four nuclear parton matrix elements can be factorized approximately into the product of twist-two nucleon matrix elements in the limit of extremely large nuclei, A --> infinity, as assumed in previous studies. Due to the correlative nature of the twist-four matrix elements under consideration, it is actually the off-forward parton distributions that appear naturally in this decomposition, rather than the ordinary diagonal distributions probed in deeply-inelastic scattering. However, we argue that the difference between these two distribution classes is small in certain kinematic regimes. In these regions, the twist-four nuclear parton matrix elements are evaluated numerically and compared to the factorized form for different nuclear sizes within a schematic model of the two-nucleon correlation function. The nuclear size dependence is found to be A(4/3) in the limit of large A, as expected. We find that the factorization is reasonably good when the momentum fraction carried by the gluon field is moderate. The deviation can be more than a factor of 2, however, for small gluon momentum fractions, where the gluon distribution is very large. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Osborne, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, MS 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 710 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 302 AR PII S0375-9474(02)01085-0 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01085-0 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 609TC UT WOS:000178919800004 ER PT J AU Ferreiro, E Iancu, E Itakura, K McLerran, L AF Ferreiro, E Iancu, E Itakura, K McLerran, L TI Froissart bound from gluon saturation SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HIGH-ENERGY DIS; SMALL-X; BFKL POMERON; LARGE NUCLEI; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; PARTON SATURATION; PERTURBATIVE QCD; EQUATION AB We demonstrate that the dipole-hadron cross-section computed from the non-linear evolution equation for the Colour Glass Condensate saturates the Froissart bound in the case of a fixed coupling and for a small dipole (Q(2) much greater than Lambda(QCD)(2)) That is the cross-section increases as the logarithm squared of the energy, with a proportionality coefficient involving the pion mass and the BFKL intercept (alpha(s)N(c)/pi)4 ln 2. The pion mass enters via the non-perturbative initial conditions at low energy. The BFKL equation emerges as a limit of the non-linear evolution equation valid in the tail of the hadron wavefunction. We provide a physical picture for the transverse expansion of the hadron with increasing energy, and emphasize the importance of the colour correlations among the saturated gluons in suppressing non-unitary contributions due to long-range Coulomb tails. We present the first calculation of the saturation scale including the impact parameter dependence. We show that the cross-section at high energy exhibits geometric scaling with a different scaling variable as compared to the intermediate energy regime. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, Unite Rech, CEA DSM SPhT,Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela 15706, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Iancu, E (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, Unite Rech, CEA DSM SPhT,Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017 OI Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356 NR 64 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 710 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 414 AR PII S0375-9474(02)01163-6 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01163-6 PG 42 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 609TC UT WOS:000178919800008 ER PT J AU Acioli, PH Jellinek, J AF Acioli, PH Jellinek, J TI Electron binding energies of anionic magnesium clusters and the nonmetal-to-metal transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MG CLUSTERS; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION; GAS; NA AB The binding energies of the two most external electrons in Mg-n(-), n = 2-22, clusters are computed using the gradient-corrected density functional theory and a new scheme for converting the Kohn-Sham eigenenergies into electron removal energies. The computations are performed for the anionic clusters considered in the most stable configurations of both Mg-n(-) and Mg-n. The results are compared with photoelectron spectroscopy data [O. C. Thomas et al., following Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 213403 (2002)], and their implications for the finite-size analog of the nonmetal-to-metal transition are analyzed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Brasilia, Inst Fis, Nucleo Fis Atom Mol & Fluidos, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Acioli, PH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 213402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.213402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000015 PM 12443408 ER PT J AU Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S AF Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Flow measurements via two-particle azimuthal correlations in Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; COLLECTIVE FLOW; SIGNATURE; ENERGY; MULTIPLICITY; MIDRAPIDITY; TRANSITION; CASCADE AB Two-particle azimuthal correlation functions are presented for charged hadrons produced in Au + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (roots(NN) = 130 GeV). The measurements permit determination of elliptic flow without event-by-event estimation of the reaction plane. The extracted elliptic flow values (upsilon(2)) show significant sensitivity to both the collision centrality and the transverse momenta of emitted hadrons, suggesting rapid thermalization and relatively strong velocity fields. When scaled by the eccentricity of the collision zone epsilon, the scaled elliptic flow shows little or no dependence on centrality for charged hadrons with relatively low p(T). A breakdown of this epsilon scaling is observed for charged hadrons with p(T) > 1.0 GeV/c. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, CNRS,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes 3, France. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Adcox, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 33 TC 203 Z9 205 U1 7 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 212301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.212301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000010 PM 12190459 ER PT J AU Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Averitte, S Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Barrio, M Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Belz, J Bergman, DR Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Corti, G Cox, B Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, G Graham, J Halkiadakis, E Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hidaka, S Hsiung, YB Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE LaDue, J Lath, A Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Mikelsons, P Monnier, E Nakaya, T Nelson, KS Nguyen, H O'Dell, V Pordes, R Prasad, V Qi, XR Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Roodman, A Schnetzer, S Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shawhan, PS Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Somalwar, SV Stone, RL Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Thomson, GB Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Turner, SE Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Winstein, B Winston, R Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED AF Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Averitte, S Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Barrio, M Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Belz, J Bergman, DR Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Corti, G Cox, B Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, G Graham, J Halkiadakis, E Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hidaka, S Hsiung, YB Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE LaDue, J Lath, A Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Mikelsons, P Monnier, E Nakaya, T Nelson, KS Nguyen, H O'Dell, V Pordes, R Prasad, V Qi, XR Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Roodman, A Schnetzer, S Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shawhan, PS Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Somalwar, SV Stone, RL Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Thomson, GB Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Turner, SE Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Winstein, B Winston, R Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED CA KTeV Collaboration TI Search for the K-L ->pi(0)pi(0)e(+)e(-) decay in the KTeV experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP VIOLATION; K-L->PI(+)PI(-)E(+)E(-) AB The recent discovery of a large CP violating asymmetry in K-L --> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) mode has prompted us to seach for the associated K-L --> pi(0)pi(0)e(+)e(-) decay mode in the KTeV-E799 experiment at Fermilab. In 2.7 x 10(11) K-L decays, one candidate event has been observed with an expected background of 0.3 event, resulting in an upper limit for the K-L --> pi(0)pi(0)e(+)e(-) branching ratio of 6.6 x 10(-9) at the 90% C.L. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. CNRS, CPP Marseille, Marseille, France. RP Ledovskoy, A (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 211801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.211801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000009 PM 12443402 ER PT J AU Allen, CK Chan, KCD Colestock, PL Crandall, KR Garnett, RW Gilpatrick, JD Lysenko, W Qiang, J Schneider, JD Schulze, ME Sheffield, RL Smith, HV Wangler, TP AF Allen, CK Chan, KCD Colestock, PL Crandall, KR Garnett, RW Gilpatrick, JD Lysenko, W Qiang, J Schneider, JD Schulze, ME Sheffield, RL Smith, HV Wangler, TP TI Beam-halo measurements in high-current proton beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present results from an experimental study of the beam halo in a high-current 6.7-MeV proton beam propagating through a 52-quadrupole periodic-focusing channel. The gradients of the first four quadrupoles were independently adjusted to match or mismatch the injected beam. Emittances and beamwidths were obtained from measured profiles for comparisons with maximum emittance-growth predictions of a free-energy model and maximum halo-amplitude predictions of a particle-core model. The experimental results support both models and the present theoretical picture of halo formation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. TechSource, Santa Fe, NM 87594 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gen Atom Co, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, CK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 214802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.214802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000025 PM 12443418 ER PT J AU Cao, D Bridges, F Kowach, GR Ramirez, AP AF Cao, D Bridges, F Kowach, GR Ramirez, AP TI Frustrated soft modes and negative thermal expansion in ZrW2O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; COMPOUND ZRW2O8 AB Negative thermal expansion (NTE) in cubic ZrW2O8 has generated much interest due to its large, isotropic, and temperature independent behavior. Here, x-ray absorption fine structure data are presented for various atom pairs, providing evidence that the low-energy modes causing NTE correspond to the correlated vibrations of a WO4 tetrahedron and its three nearest ZrO6 octahedra. This involves translations of the WO4 as a rigid unit along each of the four [111] axes. The interconnectivity of these modes prevents an anisotropic soft mode from developing, a new geometrical phenomenon that we call the "frustrated soft mode." C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cao, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 13 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 215902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.215902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000040 PM 12443433 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Wang, ZD Zhu, JX Ting, CS AF Chen, Y Wang, ZD Zhu, JX Ting, CS TI Vortex charges in high-temperature superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTICES; STATES; CORE; DENSITY; SPINS AB Based on a model Hamiltonian with competing antiferromagnetic (AF) and d-wave superconductivity interactions, the vortex charge is investigated by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We found that the vortex charge is negative when a sufficient strength of AF order is induced inside the vortex core; otherwise, it is positive. By tuning the on-site Coulomb repulsion U or the doping parameter delta, a transition between the positive and negative vortex charges may occur. The vortex charge at optimal doping has also been studied as a function of magnetic field. Recent NMR and Hall effect experiments may be understood in terms of the present results. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Wang, Zidan/D-3138-2009; Chen, Yan/B-2158-2012 OI Chen, Yan/0000-0002-1906-1802 NR 29 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 217001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.217001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000050 PM 12443443 ER PT J AU Grigorenko, AN Bending, SJ Koshelev, AE Clem, JR Tamegai, T Ooi, S AF Grigorenko, AN Bending, SJ Koshelev, AE Clem, JR Tamegai, T Ooi, S TI Visualization of interacting crossing vortex lattices in the presence of quenched disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MELTING TRANSITION; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; PLASMA RESONANCE; CHAIN STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; VORTICES; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB We have imaged interacting crossing pancake vortex (PV) and Josephson vortex (JV) lattices in highly anisotropic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals under tilted magnetic fields. The dependence of vortex structures on in-plane field is in good quantitative agreement with theoretical predictions, yielding an almost temperature-independent anisotropy parameter of gamma = 640 +/- 25. We directly confirm that the PV/JV attraction arises from small PV displacements in the presence of JV supercurrents and demonstrate how the existence of quenched disorder leads to indirect JV pinning and dynamic vortex fragmentation. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138627, Japan. RP Grigorenko, AN (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RI Tamegai, Tsuyoshi /C-6656-2011; Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 217003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.217003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000052 PM 12443445 ER PT J AU Hochstrasser, M Tobin, JG Rotenberg, E Kevan, SD AF Hochstrasser, M Tobin, JG Rotenberg, E Kevan, SD TI Spin-resolved photoemission of surface states of W(110)-(1 x 1)H SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; ORBITAL MAGNETISM; POLARIZATION; ANISOTROPY; INTERFACE; MOMENT; FILMS AB The surface electronic states of W(110)-(1 x 1)H have been measured using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission. We directly demonstrate that the surface bands are both split and spin-polarized by the spin-orbit interaction in association with the loss of inversion symmetry near a surface. We observe 100% spin polarization of the surface states, with the spins aligned in the plane of the surface and oriented in a circular fashion relative to the (S) over bar symmetry point. In contrast, no measurable polarization of nearby bulk states is observed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Hochstrasser, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142; NR 31 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 216802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.216802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000047 PM 12443440 ER PT J AU Kirkwood, RK Moody, JD Langdon, AB Cohen, BI Williams, EA Dorr, MR Hittinger, JA Berger, R Young, PE Suter, LJ Divol, L Glenzer, SH Landen, OL Seka, W AF Kirkwood, RK Moody, JD Langdon, AB Cohen, BI Williams, EA Dorr, MR Hittinger, JA Berger, R Young, PE Suter, LJ Divol, L Glenzer, SH Landen, OL Seka, W TI Observation of saturation of energy transfer between copropagating beams in a flowing plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAMS; SCATTERING; IGNITION; FUSION; WAVES AB Experiments demonstrate energy and power transfer between copropagating, same frequency, beams crossing at a small angle in a plasma with a Mach 1 flow. The process is interpreted as amplification of the low intensity probe beam by the stimulated scatter of the high intensity pump beam. The observed probe amplification increases slowly with pump intensity and decreases with probe intensity, indicative of saturation limiting the energy and power transfer due to ion-wave nonlinearities and localized pump depletion. The results are consistent with numerical modeling including ion-wave nonlinearities. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Kirkwood, RK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 215003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.215003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000028 PM 12443421 ER PT J AU Scalerandi, M Sansone, BC AF Scalerandi, M Sansone, BC TI Inhibition of vascularization in tumor growth SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CANCER; ANGIOGENESIS; MODEL; THERAPY; MICE; ANGIOSTATIN; SIMULATION; RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS AB The transition to a vascular phase is a prerequisite for fast tumor growth. During the avascular phase, the neoplasm feeds only from the (relatively few) existing nearby blood vessels. During angiogenesis, the number of capillaries surrounding and infiltrating the tumor increases dramatically. A model which includes physical and biological mechanisms of the interactions between the tumor and vascular growth describes the avascular-vascular transition. Numerical results agree with clinical observations and predict the influence of therapies aiming to inhibit the transition. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Turin, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Scalerandi, M (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Turin, Italy. OI SCALERANDI, MARCO/0000-0003-0809-9976 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 218101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.218101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000058 PM 12443451 ER PT J AU Vajda, S Lupulescu, C Merli, A Budzyn, F Woste, L Hartmann, M Pittner, J Bonacic-Koutecky, V AF Vajda, S Lupulescu, C Merli, A Budzyn, F Woste, L Hartmann, M Pittner, J Bonacic-Koutecky, V TI Observation and theoretical description of periodic geometric rearrangement in electronically excited nonstoichiometric sodium-fluoride clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-HALIDE CLUSTERS; WIGNER DISTRIBUTION APPROACH; OPTICAL-RESPONSE PROPERTIES; AB-INITIO; LITHIUM-HYDRIDE; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; 2-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-N-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-29; IONIZATION; SPECTRA AB We present two-color fs pump-probe spectra of Na2F which were recorded by employing excitation wavelengths around 1208 nm (pump) and ionization wavelengths around 405 nm (probe). The observed oscillatory structure of the signal with a period of 185 fs shows an excellent agreement with our simulated spectra. The employed ab initio Wigner distribution approach provides clear evidence that this observation is caused by photoinduced metal bond breaking followed by a butterfly-type periodic geometric rearrangement. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Humboldt Univ, Inst Chem, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republ, J Heyrovsky Inst Phys Chem, CZ-18223 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Vajda, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 89 IS 21 AR 213404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.213404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 612HH UT WOS:000179068000017 PM 12443410 ER PT J AU Da Costa, LM Gascard, P Lo, A Meerpohl, J Niemeyer, CM Tchernia, GJ Chasis, JA Fixler, J Mohandas, N AF Da Costa, LM Gascard, P Lo, A Meerpohl, J Niemeyer, CM Tchernia, GJ Chasis, JA Fixler, J Mohandas, N TI New insights in Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA): Two mutations in the ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) gene identified in DBA perturb the nucleolar localization of RPS19. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Freiburg, Kinderklin, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Hop Kremlin Bicetre, Hematol Lab, INSERM U473, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. RI Meerpohl, Joerg/J-4224-2013 OI Meerpohl, Joerg/0000-0002-1333-5403 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 17 BP 8A EP 8A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700018 ER PT J AU Gnatenko, DV Dunn, JJ McCorkle, SR Weissmann, D Perrotta, PL Bahou, WF AF Gnatenko, DV Dunn, JJ McCorkle, SR Weissmann, D Perrotta, PL Bahou, WF TI Transcript profiling of human platelets using microarray and serial analysis of gene expression. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 43 BP 15A EP 15A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700044 ER PT J AU Embury, SH Matsui, NM Ramanujan, S Duong, PL Seto, CK Hefner, CA Fujimoto, MA Barbosa, M Hebert, JL Kaimsky, Y Parra, M Mohandas, N Cheung, ATW AF Embury, SH Matsui, NM Ramanujan, S Duong, PL Seto, CK Hefner, CA Fujimoto, MA Barbosa, M Hebert, JL Kaimsky, Y Parra, M Mohandas, N Cheung, ATW TI Endothelial cell P-selectin modulates the flow dynamics of mouse sickle erythrocytes in vivo SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, No Calif Comprehens Sickle Cell Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 3570 BP 29B EP 29B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184800113 ER PT J AU Lee, G Spring, FA Parsons, SF Mankelow, TJ Peters, LL Koury, MJ Mohandas, N Chasis, JA AF Lee, G Spring, FA Parsons, SF Mankelow, TJ Peters, LL Koury, MJ Mohandas, N Chasis, JA TI Novel secreted isoform of adhesion molecule ICAM-4: Potential regulator of membrane-associated ICAM-4 interactions. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bristol Inst Transfus Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 283 BP 78A EP 78A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700284 ER PT J AU Mankelow, TJ Spring, FA Parsons, SF Chasis, JA Brady, RL Mohandas, N Anstee, DJ AF Mankelow, TJ Spring, FA Parsons, SF Chasis, JA Brady, RL Mohandas, N Anstee, DJ TI Identification of amino-acid residues on intercellular adhesion molecule-4 that mediate adhesion to its alpha(v) integrin ligands. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Bristol Inst Transfus Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Biochem, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 284 BP 78A EP 78A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700285 ER PT J AU Conboy, JG AF Conboy, JG TI Abundance of alternative first exons among genes encoding membrane skeletal proteins suggests an important role in regulating expression. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 287 BP 79A EP 79A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700288 ER PT J AU Mosquera-Caro, M Potter, J Andries, E Martin, S Hellman, P Veroff, R Kang, HN Wang, XF Camitta, B Shuster, J Carroll, A Murphy, M Schultz, F Wilson, C Dahl, G Arceci, R Haaland, D Davidson, G Atlas, S Willman, C AF Mosquera-Caro, M Potter, J Andries, E Martin, S Hellman, P Veroff, R Kang, HN Wang, XF Camitta, B Shuster, J Carroll, A Murphy, M Schultz, F Wilson, C Dahl, G Arceci, R Haaland, D Davidson, G Atlas, S Willman, C TI Gene expression profiling for molecular classification and outcome prediction in infant leukemia reveals novel biologic clusters, etiologies, and pathways for treatment failure. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Childrens Oncol Grp, Arcadia, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 524 BP 139A EP 140A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700525 ER PT J AU Ponthier, JL Chen, WG Gee, SL Hou, V Winkelmann, JC Conboy, JG AF Ponthier, JL Chen, WG Gee, SL Hou, V Winkelmann, JC Conboy, JG TI Positive regulation of protein 4.1R exon 16 alternative splicing may be mediated by interaction of HRNbp1 with intronic enhancers. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 836 BP 222A EP 222A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700837 ER PT J AU Jie, W Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Noguchi, CT AF Jie, W Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Noguchi, CT TI Tal1 exhibits transcriptional repression and modifies RAR beta gene expression by targeting satellite DNA. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 NIDDK, NIH, Biol Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 2848 BP 722A EP 722A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184702850 ER PT J AU Mosquera-Caro, M Potter, J Kang, HN Andries, E Hellman, P Veroff, R Carroll, A Raimondi, S Shuster, J Camitta, B Arceci, R Dahl, G Davidson, G Atlas, S Willman, C AF Mosquera-Caro, M Potter, J Kang, HN Andries, E Hellman, P Veroff, R Carroll, A Raimondi, S Shuster, J Camitta, B Arceci, R Dahl, G Davidson, G Atlas, S Willman, C TI Heterogeneity of gene expression profiles in MLL-associated infant leukemia: Identification of distinct expression profiles and novel therapeutic targets for each MLL translocation variant. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Childrens Oncol Grp, Arcadia, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 2943 BP 744A EP 744A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184702945 ER PT J AU Viswanatha, D Mosquera-Caro, M Potter, J Wilson, C Ar, K Xu, YX Harvey, R Hellman, P Verhoff, B Davidson, G Shuster, J Carroll, A Camitta, B Atlas, S Willman, C AF Viswanatha, D Mosquera-Caro, M Potter, J Wilson, C Ar, K Xu, YX Harvey, R Hellman, P Verhoff, B Davidson, G Shuster, J Carroll, A Camitta, B Atlas, S Willman, C TI Gene expression profiling of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals unique subgroups independent of current genetic risk stratification. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Childrens Oncol Grp, Arcata, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 2978 BP 753A EP 753A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184702980 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, K Guiochon, G TI Extrathermodynamic relationships in reversed-phase liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; RESTRICTED DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE; RETENTION AB Enthalpy- entropy compensation (EEC) and linear free energy relationships (LFER) are extrathermodynamic correlations frequently used to discuss the mechanistic similarities of chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics. Although empirical, they are widely applied, proving the substantial effectiveness of fundamental studies based on them. Many attempts have been made to interpret theoretically the necessary conditions (or preconditions) of EEC and LFER. LFER is known to rest on the existence of EEC. However, the intimate correlations between EEC on one hand and LFER and the temperature dependence of LFER on the other hand were insufficiently discussed from the viewpoint of molecular structure contributions. We present a simple LFER model relating the slope and intercept of LFER to the compensation temperatures, themselves derived from EEC analyses, and to several parameters characterizing the molecular contributions to the changes in enthalpy and entropy associated with the passage from one phase of the chromatographic system to the other. A theoretical explanation is supplied for the intimate correlation between the two types of extrathermodynamic relationships, EEC and LFER. We demonstrate also that the characteristics of EEC and LFER depend on the structural parameters. This new model allows a proper interpretation of the temperature dependence of LFER. It should permit further progress of fundamental studies of chemical reaction mechanisms based on extrathermodynamic relationships. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Toyama Univ, Fac Educ, Toyama 9308555, Japan. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 22 BP 5754 EP 5765 DI 10.1021/ac020245p PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 616VH UT WOS:000179323700009 PM 12463359 ER PT J AU Gu, S Pan, SQ Bradbury, EM Chen, X AF Gu, S Pan, SQ Bradbury, EM Chen, X TI Use of deuterium-labeled lysine for efficient protein identification and peptide de novo sequencing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 2-DIMENSIONAL GELS; AMINO-ACIDS; DERIVATIZATION; QUANTITATION; COMBINATION; PROTEOMICS; MIXTURES; O-18; NANOELECTROSPRAY AB Here, we describe a method for protein identification and de novo peptide sequencing. Through in -vivo cell culturing, the deuterium-labeled lysine residue (Lys-d(4)) introduces a 4-Da mass tag at the carboxyl terminus of proteolytic peptides when cleaved by certain proteases. The 4-Da mass difference between the unlabeled and the deuterated lysine assigns a mass signature to all lysine-containing peptides in any pool of proteolytic peptides for protein identification directly through peptide mass mapping. Furthermore, it was used to distinguish between Nand C-terminal fragments for accurate assignments of daughter ions in tandem MS/MS spectra for sequence assignment. This technique simplifies the labeling scheme and the interpretation of the MS/MS spectra by assigning different series of fragment ions correctly and easily and is very useful in de novo peptide sequencing. We have also successfully implemented this approach to the analysis of protein mixtures derived from the human proteome. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol Chem, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, BN-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 22 BP 5774 EP 5785 DI 10.1021/ac0204350 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 616VH UT WOS:000179323700011 PM 12463361 ER PT J AU Soares, TA Lins, RD Straatsma, TP Briggs, JM AF Soares, TA Lins, RD Straatsma, TP Briggs, JM TI Internal dynamics and ionization states of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Comparison between wild-type and mutant forms SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; Poisson-Boltznann electrostatics; catalytic mechanism ID PHENYLPYRUVATE TAUTOMERASE ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-SURFACE AREA; 4-OXALOCROTONATE TAUTOMERASE; FACTOR MIF; PROTEIN STABILITY; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TERMINAL PROLINE AB The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that shares a common structural architecture and catalytic strategy with three isomerases: 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase, 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate isomerase, and D-dopachrome tautomerase. A highly conserved N-terminal proline acts as a base-acid during the proton transfer reaction catalyzed by these enzymes. Such unusual catalytic strategy appears to be possible only due to the N-terminal proline pK(a) shifted to 5.0-6.0 units. Mutations of this residue result in a significant decrease of the catalytic activity of MIF. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the catalytic inefficiency of MIF: the lower basicity of primary amines with regard to secondary ones and the increased flexibility resulting from the replacement of a proline by residues like glycine. To investigate that, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of MIF wild-type and its mutant PIG, as well as calculated the protonation properties of several mutant forms. It was found that the N-terminal glycine does not show larger fluctuations compared to proline, but the former residue is more exposed to the solvent throughout the simulations. The apparent pK(a) of these residues displays very little change (as expected from the structural rigidity of MIF) and is not significantly affected by the surrounding ionizable residues. Instead, the hydrophobic character of the active site seems to be the main factor in determining the pKa of the N-terminal residue and the catalytic efficiency of MIF. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Phys Chem Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Soares, TA (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Phys Chem Lab, HGI G223, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012; Soares, Thereza/G-1065-2010 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025; Soares, Thereza/0000-0002-5891-6906 NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1002/bip.10252 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 607EV UT WOS:000178779400008 PM 12382291 ER PT J AU Rockel, B Peters, J Kuhlmorgen, B Glaeser, RM Baumeister, W AF Rockel, B Peters, J Kuhlmorgen, B Glaeser, RM Baumeister, W TI A giant protease with a twist: the TPP II complex from Drosophila studied by electron microscopy SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cryo-electron microscopy; three-dimensional reconstruction; tripeptidyl peptidase II ID TRIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE-II; TRICORN PROTEASE; PROTEOLYTIC SYSTEM; 26S PROTEASOMES; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; MELANOGASTER AB Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP II) is an exopeptidase of the subtilisin type of serine proteases that is thought to act downstream of the proteasome in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Recently, a key role in a pathway parallel to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been ascribed to TPP 11, which forms a giant protease complex in mammalian cells. Here, we report the 900-fold purification of TPP II from Drosophila eggs and demonstrate via cryo-electron microscopy that TPP II from Drosophila melanogaster also forms a giant protease complex. The presented three-dimensional reconstruction of the 57 X 27 nm TPP II complex at 3.3 nm resolution reveals that the 150 kDa subunits form a superstructure composed of two segmented and twisted strands. Each strand is 12.5 nm in width and composed of 11 segments that enclose a central channel. C1 Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Struct Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baumeister, W (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Mol Struct Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 51487, P01 GM051487] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 22 BP 5979 EP 5984 DI 10.1093/emboj/cdf601 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 618YZ UT WOS:000179446900004 PM 12426370 ER PT J AU Hou, VC Lersch, R Gee, SL Ponthier, JL Lo, AJ Wu, M Turck, CW Koury, M Krainer, AR Mayeda, A Conboy, JG AF Hou, VC Lersch, R Gee, SL Ponthier, JL Lo, AJ Wu, M Turck, CW Koury, M Krainer, AR Mayeda, A Conboy, JG TI Decrease in hnRNP A/B expression during erythropoiesis mediates a pre-mRNA splicing switch SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alternative splicing; exonic splicing silencer; hnRNP A and B; protein 4.1R ID SPECTRIN-ACTIN-BINDING; SKELETAL PROTEIN 4.1; SR PROTEINS; IN-VITRO; SILENCER ELEMENT/; INTRON ELEMENTS; TERNARY COMPLEX; EXONIC ELEMENTS; SITE SELECTION; A1 AB A physiologically important alternative pre-mRNA splicing switch, involving activation. of protein 4.1R exon 16 (E16) splicing; is required for the establishment of proper mechanical integrity of the erythrocyte membrane during erythropoiesis. Here we identify a conserved exonic splicing silencer element (CE(16)) in E16 that interacts with hnRNP A/B proteins and plays a role in repression of E16 splicing during early erythropoiesis. Experiments with model pre-mRNAs showed that CE(16) can repress splicing of upstream introns, and that mutagenesis or replacement of CE(16) can relieve this inhibition. An affinity selection assay with biotinylated CE(16) RNA demonstrated specific binding of hnRNP A/B proteins. Depletion of hnRNP A/B proteins from nuclear extract significantly increased E16 inclusion, while repletion with recombinant hnRNP A/B restored E16 silencing. Most importantly, differentiating mouse erythroblasts exhibited a stage-specific activation of the E16 splicing switch in concert with a dramatic and specific down-regulation of hnRNP A/B protein expression. These findings demonstrate that natural developmental changes in hnRNP A/B proteins can effect physiologically important switches in pre-mRNA splicing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Conboy, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgconboy@lbl.gov OI Krainer, Adrian/0000-0001-9024-9501 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 13106, P01 CA013106]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 45182, R01 HL045182, R56 HL045182] NR 66 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 22 BP 6195 EP 6204 DI 10.1093/emboj/cdf625 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 618YZ UT WOS:000179446900025 PM 12426391 ER PT J AU Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Calori, G Amann, M Jacobson, MZ Hansen, J Ueda, H AF Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Calori, G Amann, M Jacobson, MZ Hansen, J Ueda, H TI Changing trends in sulfur emissions in Asia: Implications for acid deposition, air pollution, and climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; ENERGY-CONSUMPTION; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; BLACK CARBON; CHINA; NOX; TRANSPORT; ACIDIFICATION; PRECIPITATION AB In the early 1990s, it was projected that annual SO2 emissions in Asia might grow to 80-110 Tg yr(-1) by 2020. Based on new high-resolution estimates from 1975 to 2000, we calculate that SO2 emissions in Asia might grow only to 40-45 Tg yr(-1) by 2020. The main reason for this lower estimate is a decline of SO2 emissions from 1995 to 2000 in China, which emits about two-thirds of Asian SO2. The decline was due to a reduction in industrial coal use, a slow-down of the Chinese economy, and the closure of small and inefficient plants, among other reasons. One effect of the reduction in SO2 emissions in China has been a reduction in acid deposition not only in China but also in Japan. Reductions should also improve visibility and reduce health problems. SO2 emission reductions may increase global warming, but this warming effect could be partially offset by reductions in the emissions of black carbon. How SO2 emissions in the region change in the coming decades will depend on many competing factors (economic growth, pollution control laws, etc.). However a continuation of current trends would result in sulfur emissions lower than any IPCC forecasts. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Carmichael, GR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 38 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 22 BP 4707 EP 4713 DI 10.1021/es011509c PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617EN UT WOS:000179348500001 PM 12487289 ER PT J AU Groenewold, GS Williams, JM Appelhans, AD Gresham, GL Olsbn, JE Jeffery, MT Rowland, B AF Groenewold, GS Williams, JM Appelhans, AD Gresham, GL Olsbn, JE Jeffery, MT Rowland, B TI Hydrolysis of VX on concrete: Rate of degradation by direct surface interrogation using an ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; SOIL; SIMS; HD; DETOXIFICATION; PRODUCTS; MATRIX; GD AB The nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate) is. lethal at very low levels of exposure, which can occur by dermal contact with contaminated surfaces. Hence, behavior of VX in contact with common urban or industrial surfaces is a subject of acute interest. In the present study, VX was found to undergo complete degradation when in contact with concrete surfaces. The degradation was directly interrogated at submonolayer concentrations by periodically performing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses after exposure of the concrete to VX. The abundance of the [VX + H](+) ion in the SIMS spectra was observed to decrease in an exponential fashion, consistent with first-order or pseudo-first-order behavior. This phenomenon enabled the rate constant to be determined at 0.005 min(-1) at 25 degreesC, which corresponds to a half-life of about 3 h on the concrete surface. The decrease in [VX + H](+) was accompanied by an increase in the abundance of the principal degradation product diisopropylaminoethanethiol (DESH), which arises by cleavage of the P-S bond. Degradation to form DESH is accompanied by the formation of ethyl methylphosphonic acid, which is observable only in the negative ion spectrum. A second degradation product was also implicated, which corresponded to a diisopropylvinylamine isomer (perhaps N,N-diisopropyl aziridinium) that arose via cleavage of the S-C bond. No evidence was observed for the formation of the toxic S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioic acid. The degradation rate constants were measured at four different temperatures (24-50 degreesC), which resulted in a linear Arrhenius relationship and an activation energy of 52 kJ mol(-1). This value agrees with previous values observed for VX hydrolysis in alkaline solutions, which suggests that the degradation of submonolayer VX is dominated by alkaline hydrolysis within the adventitious water film on the concrete surface. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Battelle Dugway Operat, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 22 BP 4790 EP 4794 DI 10.1021/es025754n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 617EN UT WOS:000179348500013 PM 12487301 ER PT J AU Govindasamy, B Thompson, S Duffy, PB Caldeira, K Delire, C AF Govindasamy, B Thompson, S Duffy, PB Caldeira, K Delire, C TI Impact of geoengineering schemes on the terrestrial biosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON BALANCE; MODELS; CYCLE; CO2 AB [1] Climate stabilization via "Geoengineering'' schemes seek to mitigate climate change due to increased greenhouse gases by compensating reduction in solar radiation incident on earth's surface. In this paper, we address the impact of these climate stabilization schemes on terrestrial biosphere using equilibrium simulations from a coupled atmosphere-terrestrial biosphere model. Climate stabilization would tend to limit changes in vegetation distribution brought on by climate change, but would not prevent CO2-induced changes in Net Primary Productivity (NPP) or biomass; indeed, if CO2 fertilization is significant, then a climate-stabilized world could have higher NPP than our current world. Nevertheless, there are many reasons why geoengineering is not a preferred option for climate stabilization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Govindasamy, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 22 AR 2061 DI 10.1029/2002GL015911 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 639FM UT WOS:000180617000018 ER PT J AU Hu, AX Rooth, C Bleck, R Deser, C AF Hu, AX Rooth, C Bleck, R Deser, C TI NAO influence on sea ice extent in the Eurasian coastal region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; MODEL; DYNAMICS; TRENDS AB [1] Influence of winter pre-conditioning of Arctic sea ice due to atmospheric forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the reduction in summer sea ice extent is studied. It is found that winter sea ice is about 50 cm thinner in high-NAO index years than in low-NAO index years in the Eurasian coastal region mainly due to stronger wind-driven ice export. The thinner wintertime ice combined with strengthened southerlies in spring promotes an earlier break-up of the ice pack in the Eurasian coastal region, resulting in significant sea ice export. The higher ice efflux, in turn, further reduces the ice compactness, thus more solar radiation is absorbed by the oceans which enhances the summer melting process. Thus, winter and spring atmospheric anomalies associated with the positive phase of the NAO may underlie the reduction of summer sea ice extent observed during the 1980s and 1990s. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, CGD, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hu, AX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, CGD, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013 OI Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 22 AR 2053 DI 10.1029/2001GL014293 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 639FM UT WOS:000180617000009 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Valek, P Burch, JL Pollock, CJ Skoug, RM Thomsen, MF AF McComas, DJ Valek, P Burch, JL Pollock, CJ Skoug, RM Thomsen, MF TI Filling and emptying of the plasma sheet: Remote observations with 1-70 keV energetic neutral atoms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; IMAGE MISSION; SOLAR-WIND; TAIL AB This paper shows the first energetic neutral atom (ENA) observations of the extended plasma sheet, taken with the Medium Energy Neutral Atom (MENA) imager on the IMAGE spacecraft. We show that ENA emissions can be routinely observed back to several tens of RE deep in the magnetotail when IMAGE is in an appropriate orbital position. Enhanced emissions (high plasma sheet densities) are associated with high solar wind densities and with super dense plasma sheet observations at geosynchronous orbit. We examine two magnetospheric storm intervals where plasma sheet loading begins prior to the storms and continues under all IMF B-Z orientations, reaching its maximum during the peaks of the storms. For several days following these storms ENA emissions are weak, indicating that the plasma sheet is depleted after the storms. This study indicates that routine ENA observations of the plasma sheet content could become an important part of space weather monitoring. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 22 AR 2079 DI 10.1029/2002GL016153 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 639FM UT WOS:000180617000035 ER PT J AU Pennacchio, LA Olivier, M Hubacek, JA Krauss, RM Rubin, EM Cohen, JC AF Pennacchio, LA Olivier, M Hubacek, JA Krauss, RM Rubin, EM Cohen, JC TI Two independent apolipoprotein A5 haplotypes influence human plasma triglyceride levels SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AIV GENE-CLUSTER; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; C-III; HEART-DISEASE; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; RISK-FACTORS; LIPID LEVELS; CIII GENE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA AB The recently identified apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) has been shown to play an important role in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans and mice. We previously identified an APOA5 haplotype (designated APOA5*2) that is present in similar to16% of Caucasians and is associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentrations. In this report we describe another APOA5 haplotype (APOA5*3) containing the rare allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism c.56C>G that changes serine to tryptophan at codon 19 and is independently associated with high plasma triglyceride levels in three different populations. In a sample of 264 Caucasian men and women with plasma triglyceride concentrations above the 90th percentile or below the 10th percentile, the APOA5*3 haplotype was more than three-fold more common in the group with high plasma triglyceride levels. In a second independently ascertained sample of Caucasian men and women (n=419) who were studied while consuming their self-selected diets as well as after high-carbohydrate diets and high-fat diets, the APOA5*3 haplotype was associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels on all three dietary regimens. In a third population comprising 2660 randomly selected individuals, the APOA5*3 haplotype was found in 12% of Caucasians, 14% of African-Americans and 28% of Hispanics and was associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels in both men and women in each ethnic group. These findings establish that the APOA5 locus contributes significantly to inter-individual variation in plasma triglyceride levels in humans. Together, the APOA5*2 and APOA5*3 haplotypes are found in 25-50% of African-Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians and support the contribution of common human variation to quantitative phenotypes in the general population. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Dallas, TX USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574, HL 53917, HL 66681, HL 66880] NR 32 TC 280 Z9 315 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 11 IS 24 BP 3031 EP 3038 DI 10.1093/hmg/11.24.3031 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 613EW UT WOS:000179120100004 PM 12417524 ER PT J AU Talmud, PJ Hawe, E Martin, S Olivier, M Miller, GJ Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA Humphries, SE AF Talmud, PJ Hawe, E Martin, S Olivier, M Miller, GJ Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA Humphries, SE TI Relative contribution of variation within the APOC3/A4/A5 gene cluster in determining plasma triglycerides SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-C-III; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; A-IV GENE; APO-CIII; TRANSGENIC MICE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; CHOLESTEROL; AIV; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Since triglycerides (TG) are a major independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, understanding their genetic and environmental determinants is of major importance. Mouse models indicate an inverse relationship between levels of the newly identified apolipoprotein AV (APOAV) and TG concentrations. We have examined the relative influence of human APOA5 variants on plasma lipids, compared to the impact of variation in APOC3 and APOA4 which lie in the same cluster. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in APOA5 (S19W, -1131T>C) and APOA4 (T347S, Q360H) and an APOA4/A5 intergenic T>C SNP were examined in a large study of healthy middle-aged men (n=2808). APOA5 19WW and -1131CC men had 52% and 40% higher TG (P<0.003) compared to common allele homozygotes, respectively, effects which were independent and additive. APOA4 347SS men had 23% lower TG compared to TT men (P<0.002). Haplotype analysis was carried out to identify TG-raising alleles and included, in addition, four previously genotyped APOC3 SNPs (-2845T>G, -482C>T, 1100C>T, and 3238C>G). The major TG-raising alleles were defined by APOA5 W19 and APOC3 -482T. This suggests that the TG-lowering effect of APOA4 S347 might merely reflect the strong negative linkage disequilibrium with the common alleles of these variants. Thus variation in APOA5 is associated with differences in TGs in healthy men, independent of those previously reported for APOC3, while association between APOA4 and TG reflects linkage disequilibrium with these sites. The molecular mechanisms for these effects remain to be determined. C1 UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Med, British Heart Fdn Labs, Div Cardiovasc Genet, London WC1E 6JJ, England. Med Coll Wisconsin, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Wolfson Inst Prevent Med, MRC, Epidemiol & Med Care Unit, London, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Talmud, PJ (reprint author), UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Med, British Heart Fdn Labs, Div Cardiovasc Genet, Rayne Bldg,5 Univ St, London WC1E 6JJ, England. EM p.talmud@ucl.ac.uk RI Talmud, Philippa/C-4402-2008; Humphries, Stephen/C-5075-2008; OI Talmud, Philippa/0000-0002-5560-1933 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 66681, NHLBI 33014] NR 35 TC 275 Z9 302 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 11 IS 24 BP 3039 EP 3046 DI 10.1093/hmg/11.24.3039 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 613EW UT WOS:000179120100005 PM 12417525 ER PT J AU Shimizu, S Stradins, P Kondo, M Matsuda, A AF Shimizu, S Stradins, P Kondo, M Matsuda, A TI Investigation of light-induced defect depth profile in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrogenated amorphous silicon; light-induced defects; light-induced degradation; depth profile; recombination; electron spin resonance; wet etching ID A-SI-H; MODEL AB We have investigated the light-induced defects (LIDs) depth profiles in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films using electron spin resonance in combination with the layer-by-layer etching technique. This method enables us to study the LIDs depth profiles without the influence of film thickness on defect creation kinetics. We observed the uniform LIDs creation in the films by uniformly absorbed light exposure, indicating the absence of a sensitive layer against defects creation. The LIDs depth profile agrees with the simulated photocarrier bimolecular recombination rate profile rather than the profile of the total recombination rate or that through defects. We demonstrate that the asymmetry of the band tails modifies the defect creation kinetics predicted from the bimolecular recombination model. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Shimizu, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 2 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2 - Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 11B BP L1297 EP L1299 DI 10.1143/JJAP.41.L1297 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 677UL UT WOS:000182826200007 ER PT J AU Smirnov, A Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ AF Smirnov, A Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ TI Parametric investigation of miniaturized cylindrical and annular Hall thrusters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATIONARY PLASMA THRUSTER AB Conventional annular Hall thrusters become inefficient when scaled to low power. An alternative approach, a 2.6 cm miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field distribution, was developed and studied. Its performance was compared to that of a conventional annular thruster of the same dimensions. The cylindrical thruster exhibits discharge characteristics similar to those of the annular thruster, but it has a much higher propellant ionization efficiency. Significantly, a large fraction of multicharged xenon ions might be present in the outgoing ion flux generated by the cylindrical thruster. The operation of the cylindrical thruster is quieter than that of the annular thruster. The characteristic peak in the discharge current fluctuation spectrum at 50-60 kHz appears to be due to ionization instabilities. In the power range 50-300 W, the cylindrical and annular thrusters have comparable efficiencies (15%-32%) and thrusts (2.5-12 mN). For the annular configuration, a voltage less than 200 V was not sufficient to sustain the discharge at low propellant flow rates. The cylindrical thruster can operate at voltages lower than 200 V, which suggests that a cylindrical thruster can be designed to operate at even smaller power. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Smirnov, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 5673 EP 5679 DI 10.1063/1.1515106 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200010 ER PT J AU Titov, AI Kucheyev, SO AF Titov, AI Kucheyev, SO TI Model for electrical isolation of GaN by light-ion bombardment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID N-TYPE; IMPLANTATION; DAMAGE; SI AB We present a model for electrical isolation of GaN by light-ion bombardment. In our model, a decrease in the concentration of free carriers responsible for isolation is assumed to be due to the formation of complexes of ion-beam-generated point defects with shallow donor or acceptor dopants. These defect interaction processes are described in terms of quasichemical reactions. Results show that our model can adequately describe experimental data for electrical isolation in the case of MeV light-ion irradiation of n-GaN. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Dept Phys Elect, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Titov, Andrey/A-4608-2017 OI Titov, Andrey/0000-0003-4933-9534 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 5740 EP 5744 DI 10.1063/1.1512690 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200022 ER PT J AU Sorenson, DS Minich, RW Romero, JL Tunnell, TW Malone, RM AF Sorenson, DS Minich, RW Romero, JL Tunnell, TW Malone, RM TI Ejecta particle size distributions for shock loaded Sn and Al metals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON-NUCLEUS; COLLISIONS; LINE; FRAGMENTATION; YIELDS AB When a shock wave interacts at a metal vacuum interface "ejected particulates" (ejecta) can be emitted from the surface. The mass, size, shape, and velocity of the ejecta varies depending on the initial shock conditions and the material properties of the metal sample. To understand this phenomena, experiments have been conducted at the Pegasus Pulsed Power Facility located at Los Alamos National Laboratory. For the experiments reported in this article, the facility is used to implode a cylinder to a velocity of 3.4 mm/mus. When this cylinder impacts a smaller diameter target cylinder, shock pressures of 30 and 40 GPa can be obtained in Al and Sn metals, respectively. Ejecta formation proceeds as the shock wave in the metal sample interacts at the metal vacuum interface. The size of the ejected particles is then measured using an in-line Fraunhofer holography technique. In this report, ejecta particle size distributions will be presented for shocked Al and Sn metals. The measured particle size distributions exhibit a power law scaling with critical exponents in the same universality class as for two- or three-dimensional percolation theory. The similarity suggests that fragmentation has its origin in an instability that manifests large-scale fluctuations at breakup. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sorenson, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 5830 EP 5836 DI 10.1063/1.1515125 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200037 ER PT J AU Wright, AF Nelson, JS AF Wright, AF Nelson, JS TI Theory of the copper vacancy in cuprous oxide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; POINT-DEFECTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; STATE; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY; METALS AB Density-functional theory is used to examine aspects of the copper vacancy (V-Cu) in cuprous oxide (Cu2O). The normal vacancy configuration, obtained by simple removal of a Cu atom from the lattice, is found to be 0.1 eV higher in energy than a split vacancy configuration wherein a nearby Cu atom is displaced toward a normal vacancy site by half the bulk Cu-Cu separation. Jumps between the normal and split vacancy configurations are predicted to be rate limiting for V-Cu diffusion with an energy barrier of 0.3 eV. Binding of V-Cu to substitutional aluminum (Al-Cu) and indium (In-Cu) is examined. The neutral (Al-Cu+2V(Cu)) complex is found to have a binding energy of 3.3 eV whereas the neutral (In-Cu+2V(Cu)) complex is bound by 1.7 eV. The magnitudes of these binding energies suggest that Al-Cu and In-Cu should inhibit V-Cu diffusion in Cu2O. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Uniroyal Optoelect, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM afwrigh@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 5849 EP 5851 DI 10.1063/1.1516620 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200039 ER PT J AU Smay, JE Cesarano, J Tuttle, BA Lewis, JA AF Smay, JE Cesarano, J Tuttle, BA Lewis, JA TI Piezoelectric properties of 3-X periodic Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3-polymer composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CERAMIC-POLYMER COMPOSITES; ALUMINA SUSPENSIONS; STATIC PERFORMANCE; CONNECTIVITY; RHEOLOGY; PZT; FABRICATION; TRANSDUCERS; COMPONENTS; MULTILAYER AB The piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-polymer composites were studied as a function of composition and phase connectivity. PZT skeletal structures were fabricated by robotic deposition, densified at 1275 degreesC, and subsequently infiltrated with epoxy to produce the desired PZT-polymer composites. These 3-X structures consisted of a three-dimensional lattice of PZT rods (3-3) embedded in a polymer matrix, a PZT lattice/polymer matrix capped with PZT face plates (3-2), or PZT lattice/polymer matrix capped with PZT face plates and encircled by a solid PZT ring (3-1). The PZT:polymer ratio was varied systematically by changing the lattice (rod) spacing in each composite architecture. The concentration of PZT pillars, which formed along the poling direction at the intersections between PZT rods, varied as the PZT volume fraction squared. These 3-X composites displayed enhanced hydrostatic figures of merit relative to monolithic PZT due to stress concentration in the PZT pillars and their dramatically reduced dielectric constant, with the highest values found for the 3-2 and 3-1 composites. Our experimental observations were compared to theoretical predictions based on an isostrain, unit cell model modified to account for the partial support of stress in the stiff epoxy phase. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Smay, JE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 6119 EP 6127 DI 10.1063/1.1513202 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200083 ER PT J AU Vallet, CE White, CW Withrow, SP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Beaty, KS Meldrum, A AF Vallet, CE White, CW Withrow, SP Budai, JD Boatner, LA Sorge, KD Thompson, JR Beaty, KS Meldrum, A TI Magnetic force microscopy of ferromagnetic nanoparticles formed in Al2O3 and SiO2 by ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SILICA FILMS; ARRAYS; FE AB Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) has been used to investigate the properties of ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles produced by the implantation of Fe and Pt ions into single-crystal Al2O3 or fused SiO2 followed by thermal processing. The MFM results are compared to cross-section and plan view transmission electron microscopy images of the same samples. We demonstrate that MFM can detect magnetism in nanosized particles that are situated several hundred nm below the sample surface. MFM is shown to be a promising tool for studying the characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles produced by ion implantation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM valletce@ornl.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Budai, John/R-9276-2016; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 6200 EP 6204 DI 10.1063/1.1512693 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200095 ER PT J AU Woskov, PP Sundaram, SK AF Woskov, PP Sundaram, SK TI Thermal return reflection method for resolving emissivity and temperature in radiometric measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE AB A radiometric method for resolving emissivity epsilon and temperature T in thermal emission measurements is presented. Thermal radiation from a viewed source is split by a beamsplitter between a radiometer and a mirror aligned to return a part of the thermal radiation back to the source. The ratio of the thermal signal with and without a return reflection provides a measurement of the emissivity without need of any other probing sources. The analytical expressions that establish this relationship are derived taking into account waveguide/optic losses and sources between the radiometer and viewed sample. The method is then applied to thermal measurements of several refractory materials at temperatures up to 1150 degreesC. A 137 GHz radiometer is used to measure the emissivity and temperature of an alumina brick, an Inconel 690 plate, and two grades of silicon carbide. Reasonable temperature agreement is achieved with an independent thermocouple measurement. However, when the emissivity approaches zero, as in the case of the Inconel plate, radiometric temperature determinations are inaccurate, though an emissivity near zero is correctly measured. This method is expected to be of considerable value to noncontact thermal analysis applications of materials. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02136 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Woskov, PP (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 167 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02136 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 6302 EP 6310 DI 10.1063/1.1516864 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200112 ER PT J AU Lock, PA Jing, XD Zimmerman, RW Schlueter, EM AF Lock, PA Jing, XD Zimmerman, RW Schlueter, EM TI Predicting the permeability of sandstone from image analysis of pore structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; FONTAINEBLEAU SANDSTONE; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; CREEPING FLOW; THROAT SIZE; NETWORKS; MICROGEOMETRY; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATIONS AB A model is developed that allows accurate prediction of the permeability of a core sample of sedimentary rock, based on two-dimensional image analysis of its pore structure. The pore structure is idealized as consisting of a cubic network of pore tubes, with the tubes having an arbitrary distribution of cross-sectional areas and shapes. The areas and perimeters of the individual pores are estimated from image analysis of scanning electron micrographs of thin sections, with appropriate stereological corrections introduced to account for the angle between axis of the pore tube and plane of the thin section. The individual conductances of each tube are estimated from the measured areas and perimeters, using the hydraulic radius approximation. Variations in the pore diameter along the length of the tube are accounted for with a "constriction factor" whose derivation is based on laminar flow through an irregular tube. Effective-medium theory is used to find the effective single-tube conductance, based on the measured distribution of individual conductances. This procedure is applied to several consolidated North Sea reservoir sandstones, and some outcrop sandstones, with permeabilities ranging from 20 to 1400 mD. The predicted permeabilities are typically within a factor of 2 of the measured values, with an average error in logk of only 0.168. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2BP, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lock, PA (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2BP, England. OI Zimmerman, Robert/0000-0001-6674-3403 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 6311 EP 6319 DI 10.1063/1.1516271 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200113 ER PT J AU Passian, A Wig, A Meriaudeau, F Ferrell, TL Thundat, T AF Passian, A Wig, A Meriaudeau, F Ferrell, TL Thundat, T TI Knudsen forces on microcantilevers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE MOLECULES; LINEARIZED BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; THERMAL TRANSPIRATION; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; RAREFIED-GAS; PLANE WALL; CAPILLARIES; PLATES; CREEP; FLOWS AB When two surfaces at two different temperatures are separated by a distance comparable to a mean-free path of the molecules of the ambient medium, the surfaces experience Knudsen force. This mechanical force can be important in microelectromechanical systems and in atomic force microscopy. A theoretical discussion of the magnitude of the forces and the conditions where they can be encountered is discussed. A potential application of the Knudsen force in designing a cantilever-based vacuum gauge is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Bourgogne, IUT Creusot, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 10 BP 6326 EP 6333 DI 10.1063/1.1515108 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 610XK UT WOS:000178987200115 ER PT J AU Kolodziejczak, M Kolaczkowska, A Szczesny, B Urantowka, A Knorpp, C Kieleczawa, J Janska, H AF Kolodziejczak, M Kolaczkowska, A Szczesny, B Urantowka, A Knorpp, C Kieleczawa, J Janska, H TI A higher plant mitochondrial homologue of the yeast m-AAA protease - Molecular cloning, localization, and putative function SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHAPERONE-LIKE ACTIVITY; INNER MEMBRANE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FTSH PROTEASE; PROTEINS; CHLOROPLAST; DEGRADATION; MUTATIONS; METALLOPROTEASE; ARABIDOPSIS AB Mitochondrial AAA metalloproteases play a fundamental role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. They have been identified in yeast and animals but not yet in plants. This work describes the isolation and sequence analysis of the full-length cDNA from the pea (Pisum sativum) with significant homology to the yeast matrix AAA (m-AAA) protease. The product of this clone was imported into isolated pea mitochondria where it was processed to its mature form (PsFtsH). We have shown that the central region of PsFtsH containing the chaperone domain is exposed to the matrix space. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the pea protease can complement respiration deficiency in the yta10 and/or yta12 null yeast mutants, indicating that the plant protein can compensate for the loss of at least some of the important m-AAA functions in yeast. Based on biochemical experiments using isolated pea mitochondria, we propose that PsFtsH-like m-AAA is involved in the accumulation of the subunit 9 of the ATP synthase in the mitochondrial membrane. C1 Wroclaw B Beirut Univ, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, PL-50137 Wroclaw, Poland. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Biol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Janska, H (reprint author), Wroclaw B Beirut Univ, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, Tamka 2, PL-50137 Wroclaw, Poland. RI Szczesny, Bartosz/D-1026-2012 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 46 BP 43792 EP 43798 DI 10.1074/jbc.M203831200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 615XE UT WOS:000179272000035 PM 12228240 ER PT J AU Krauss, SW Heald, R Lee, G Nunomura, W Gimm, JA Mohandas, N Chasis, JA AF Krauss, SW Heald, R Lee, G Nunomura, W Gimm, JA Mohandas, N Chasis, JA TI Two distinct domains of protein 4.1 critical for assembly of functional nuclei in vitro SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRIN-ACTIN BINDING; MEMBRANE CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; MITOTIC APPARATUS PROTEIN; SKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; NUMA PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN-4.1; INTERPHASE NUCLEI; CYCLIN SYNTHESIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS AB Protein 4.1R, a multifunctional structural protein, acts as an adaptor in mature red cell membrane skeletons linking spectrin-actin complexes to plasma membrane-associated proteins. In nucleated cells protein 4.1 is not associated exclusively with plasma membrane but is also detected at several important subcellular locations crucial for cell division. To identify 4.1 domains having critical functions in nuclear assembly, 4.1 domain peptides were added to Xenopus egg extract nuclear reconstitution reactions. Morphologically disorganized, replication deficient nuclei assembled when spectrin-actin-binding domain or NuMA-binding C-terminal domain peptides were present. However, control variant spectrin-actin-binding domain peptides incapable of binding actin or mutant C-terminal domain peptides with reduced NuMA binding had no deleterious effects on nuclear reconstitution. To test whether 4.1 is required for proper nuclear assembly, 4.1 isoforms were depleted with spectrin-actin binding or C-terminal domain-specific antibodies. Nuclei assembled in the depleted extracts were deranged. However, nuclear assembly could be rescued by the addition of recombinant 4.1R. Our data establish that protein 4.1 is essential for nuclear assembly and identify two distinct 4.1 domains, initially characterized in cytoskeletal interactions, that have crucial and versatile functions in nuclear assembly. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Subcellular Struct, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Div Cell & Dev Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Shinju Ku, Tokyo 1628666, Japan. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Subcellular Struct, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 74-157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sakrauss@lbl.gov OI Heald, Rebecca/0000-0001-6671-6528 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK59079]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57839] NR 77 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 46 BP 44339 EP 44346 DI 10.1074/jbc.M204135200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 615XE UT WOS:000179272000105 PM 12171917 ER PT J AU Nagy, P Vereb, G Sebestyen, Z Horvath, G Lockett, SJ Damjanovich, S Park, JW Jovin, TM Szollosi, J AF Nagy, P Vereb, G Sebestyen, Z Horvath, G Lockett, SJ Damjanovich, S Park, JW Jovin, TM Szollosi, J TI Lipid rafts and the local density of ErbB proteins influence the biological role of homo- and heteroassociations of ErbB2 SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ErbB proteins; lipid rafts; breast cancer; fluorescence resonance energy transfer ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; ENERGY-TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS; METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; CELL PLASMA-MEMBRANES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; C-CBL; CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; TYROSINE KINASES AB The ErbB family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The four members of the family, ErbB1-4, form various homo- and heterodimers during the course of signal transduction. A second hierarchical level of molecular associations involving 10(2)-10(3) molecules, termed large-scale clustering, has also been identified, but the regulatory factors and biological consequences of such structures have not been systematically evaluated. In this report, we describe the states of association of ErbB2 and their relationship to local ErbB3 density and lipid rafts based on quantitative fluorescence microscopy of SKBR-3 breast cancer cells. Clusters of ErbB2 colocalized with lipid rafts identified by the GM1-binding B subunit of cholera toxin. Pixel-by-pixel analysis of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between labeled antibodies indicated that the homoassociation (homodimerization) of ErbB2 was proportional to the local density of ErbB2 and inversely proportional to that of ErbB3 and of the raft-specific lipid GM1. Crosslinking lipid rafts with the B subunit of cholera toxin caused dissociation of the rafts and ErbB2 clusters, an effect that was independent of the cytoskeletal anchoring of ErbB2. Crosslinking also decreased ErbB2-ErbB3 heteroassociation and the EGF- and heregulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc. When cells were treated with the anti-ErbB2 monoclonal antibody 4D5 (parent murine version of Trastuzumab used in the immunotherapy of breast cancer), internalization of the antibody was inhibited by crosslinking of lipid rafts, but the antiproliferative activity of 4D5 was retained and even enhanced. We conclude that local densities of ErbB2 and ErbB3, as well as the lipid environment profoundly influence the association properties and biological function of ErbB2. C1 Univ Debrecen, Med & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biophys & Cell Biol, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrecen, Hungarian Acad Sci, Cell Biophys Workgrp, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, Dept Mol Biol, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bioimaging Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Hematol Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Szollosi, J (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Med & Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biophys & Cell Biol, POB 39, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. EM szollo@jaguar.dote.hu RI Damjanovich, Sandor/A-9284-2011; Horvath, Gabor/J-3917-2014; Nagy, Peter/D-2188-2013; Vereb, Gyorgy/A-4241-2008 OI Horvath, Gabor/0000-0003-0309-595X; Nagy, Peter/0000-0002-7466-805X; Vereb, Gyorgy/0000-0003-2157-3265 FU FIC NIH HHS [1 R03 TW00871-01A2]; NCI NIH HHS [3 P50-CA 58207] NR 55 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 EI 1477-9137 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 115 IS 22 BP 4251 EP 4262 DI 10.1242/jcs.00118 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 622TC UT WOS:000179662300005 PM 12376557 ER PT J AU Babikov, D Walker, RB Pack, RT AF Babikov, D Walker, RB Pack, RT TI A quantum symmetry preserving semiclassical method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INITIAL-VALUE REPRESENTATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; 3-BODY COLLISION CONTRIBUTIONS; FROZEN GAUSSIAN APPROXIMATION; WAVE-PACKET; MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; WAVEPACKET PROPAGATION; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; PROTON-TRANSFER AB Symmetry constraints are built into a semiclassical propagation scheme. It is then applied to treat H+Ne-2 collisions at 30 K, where quantum selection rules restrict the final rotational states of symmetric Ne-2 molecules to the even manifold. The cross sections for state-to-state transitions are calculated for symmetric and nonsymmetric isotopic compositions of Ne-2. All bound and long-lived quasibound (trapped behind the centrifugal barrier) states of Ne-2 are considered. This semiclassical method captures symmetry effects and shows satisfactory agreement with the quantum results. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Babikov, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Chem & Mol Phys Grp, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 19 BP 8613 EP 8622 DI 10.1063/1.1513457 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 609YV UT WOS:000178934700003 ER PT J AU Gomez, H Taylor, TR Zhao, Y Neumark, DM AF Gomez, H Taylor, TR Zhao, Y Neumark, DM TI Spectroscopy of the low-lying states of the group III-V diatomics, AlP, GaP, InP, and GaAs via anion photodetachment spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-ION PHOTODETACHMENT; POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHOSPHIDE CLUSTERS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; MRD-CI AB The low-lying electronic states of AlP, GaP, InP, and GaAs have been probed using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and zero electronic kinetic energy spectroscopy. We observe transitions from the anion (2)Sigma(+) and low-lying (2)Pi states to the triplet ((3)Sigma(-) and (3)Pi states) and singlet ((1)Pi, (1)Sigma(+), and (1)Delta states) manifolds of the neutral species. The spectra of the triplet manifolds are particularly complex, with overlapping spin-orbit and vibrational progressions. Spin-orbit splittings, term energies, and vibrational frequencies are reported and compared to previous electronic structure calculations on the anions and neutrals, as well as to those parameters determined previously for the isovalent homonuclear diatomics Si-2, Ge-2, and Sn-2. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dan@radon.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 19 BP 8644 EP 8656 DI 10.1063/1.1514050 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 609YV UT WOS:000178934700006 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, AA Lee, JH Balsara, NP Vaidyanathan, C AF Lefebvre, AA Lee, JH Balsara, NP Vaidyanathan, C TI Determination of critical length scales and the limit of metastability in phase separating polymer blends SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; THERMODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; NUCLEATION; MIXTURES; FLUCTUATIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MODEL AB Liquid-liquid phase separation in polymethylbutylene/polyethylbutylene blends near the metastability limit was studied using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Our objective was to study the relationship between quench depth and R-c, the lower limit for the length scale of the structures formed during the early stages of the phase transition (nuclei). During the early stage of phase separation, the SANS profiles merged at a time-independent critical scattering vector, q(c). We discuss different methods for estimating q(c), and present arguments for the scaling relationship, R(c)similar to1/q(c). The theory of Cahn and Hilliard predicts that in metastable blends R-c increases with increasing quench depth, and diverges at the spinodal. In contrast, our experimental measurements showed R-c increases with decreasing quench depth, and the location of the point where R-c diverges lies between the binodal and the spinodal. Some aspects of our results are addressed in recent theoretical work of Wang and Wood [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 481 (2002)], wherein the effects of fluctuations on the binodal and spinodal curves in polymer blends are incorporated. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Chem Engn Chem & Mat Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Lefebvre, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 117 IS 19 BP 9063 EP 9073 DI 10.1063/1.1511512 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 609YV UT WOS:000178934700049 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, AA Lee, JH Balsara, NP Vaidyanathan, C AF Lefebvre, AA Lee, JH Balsara, NP Vaidyanathan, C TI Fluctuation mediated phase separation in polymer blends near the limit of metastability SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PROTONATED POLYBUTADIENE BLENDS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; NUCLEATION; RELAXATION; MIXTURES; DEUTEROPOLYSTYRENE; COEFFICIENT; DEPENDENCE; GROWTH AB The evolution of the structure factor of off-critical polyolefin (polymethylbutylene/polyethylbutylene) blends quenched from the homogeneous state to states near the limit of metastability was studied by small angle neutron scattering. The Cahn-Hilliard-Cook theory was used to organize the data in terms of three time-independent parameters that depend on the scattering vector, q: S-0(q), the initial structure factor, S-t(q), the terminal structure factor, and R(q), a kinetic parameter that indicates the time scale for the transformation from S-0(q) to S-t(q). These three parameters change systematically with quench depth. Changes in the structure factor S(q,t) are only observed in the q values smaller than a critical scattering vector, q(c). At small quench depths, q(c) is obtained because R(q)-->0 as q-->q(c). At deeper quenches, q(c) is obtained because S-t(q)-->S-0(q) as q-->q(c). Scattering characteristics at q