FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chin, CJ Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Chin, CJ Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Agglomeration of magnetic particles and breakup of magnetic chains in surfactant solutions SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE particle aggregation; magnetorhological fluid; sodium dodecyl sulfate; chain breakup ID MINIMUM AGGREGATION; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; SECONDARY-MINIMUM; FORCES; FIELD; FERROFLUIDS; ADSORPTION; FLOCCULATION; INTERFACE; STABILITY AB This study investigates the transition from reversible secondary to irreversible primary-minimum aggregation of superparamagnetic particles in surfactant solutions. The magnetic induction at which this transition occurs is experimentally determined by visualization of chain formation under a magnetic field and chain breakup after the field is removed. The value of the theoretical transitional magnetic induction is calculated from the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, which includes van der Waals, electrostatic, and magnetic-dipole forces, as well as non-DLVO steric repulsion. Experimental results show that the transitional magnetic induction increases with higher concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). When the surfactant concentration is high, the theoretical value of transitional magnetic induction agrees well with the experimental value. Only when the surface of the particles is completely covered by surfactant molecules can the secondary-minimum chains break up quickly to form a uniformly dispersed particle suspension after the magnetic force is removed. Moreover, such investigations reveal that the primary-minimum chains are shorter when they are formed in solutions of higher concentrations of SDS. This phenomenon occurs because the nonequilibrium steric repulsion between adsorbed SDS layers on the surface of the particles allows the transition from secondary- to primary-minimum aggregation for some of the particles in a chain. When the SDS segments are not adequately compressed, long chains formed in SDS solutions break up at points of secondary-minimum aggregation after removal of the magnetic force. At these points, the adsorbed SDS layers keep particles away from the priniary-minimum, leading to the breakup of long chains and formation of short primary-minimum magnetic chains. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 204 IS 1-3 BP 63 EP 72 AR PII S0927-7757(01)01124-4 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)01124-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 553UV UT WOS:000175694700007 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ AF Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ TI Potentiometric studies of the rutile-water interface: hydrogen-electrode concentration-cell versus glass-electrode titrations SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE rutile; potentiometric titrations; glass-electrode; hydrogen-electrode concentration cell; surface protonation; point of zero charge ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE MEDIA; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ZERO CHARGE; DISSOCIATION QUOTIENTS; MALONATE COMPLEXATION; NACL MEDIA; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; CONSTANTS; GOETHITE AB This paper represents a comparison of surface protonation studies of rutile in NaCl media obtained using a conventional glass-electrode autotitrator system from 10 to 50 degreesC, and hydrogen-electrode concentration cells from 25 to 250 degreesC [J. Colloid Interface Sci., 200 (1998) 298]. Experimental conditions were matched as closely as possible between the two techniques, permitting a direct comparison of the results. Values for the pH of zero net proton charge (pH(znpc)) of the rutile surface obtained at 10 and 35 degreesC were consistent with the temperature trends observed previously using hydrogen-electrode concentration cells. The pH(znpc) of rutile decreases systematically from 5.7 to 4.2 as temperature increases from 10 to 250 degreesC. Moreover, the experimentally determined pH(znpc) values agree with independent estimates of the pH at the pristine point of zero charge (pH(znpc)) calculated from an extension of the revised Multi-Site Complexation (MUSIC) Model of Hiemstra et al. [J. Colloid Interface Sci., 184 (1996) 680]. Surface protonation curves obtained from the glass-electrode titration results were rationalized using surface protonation constants derived from the MUSIC Model, in conjunction with a Basic Stern representation of the electrical double layer (EDL) structure. Best-fit parameters (Stern layer capacitance values, and electrolyte cation and anion binding constants) are consistent with those obtained from fits to titration curves obtained using hydrogen-electrode concentration cells at 25 and 50 degreesC. Consequently, this comparison demonstrates that independent conventional glass-electrode and hydrogen-electrode concentration cell titrations provide completely compatible results despite the intrinsic differences in the two techniques (pH calibration, equilibration times, stirring rates, gas phase composition, etc). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ridley, MK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, POB 41053, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM moira.ridley@ttu.edu NR 43 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 EI 1873-4359 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 204 IS 1-3 BP 295 EP 308 AR PII S0927-7757(02)00017-1 DI 10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00017-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 553UV UT WOS:000175694700029 ER PT J AU Feller, D Dixon, DA AF Feller, D Dixon, DA TI Metal ion binding: An electronic structure study of M+(dimethyl ether)(n), M=Cu, Ag, and Au and (n=1-4), complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; 2 WATER-MOLECULES; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; DIMETHYL ETHER; POSITIVE-IONS; ENERGIES; ALKALI; X=1-4; ENTHALPIES AB The structures and incremental binding enthalpies of cation-ligand complexes formed from a single coinage metal cation (Cu+, Ag+ and Au+) and as many as four dimethyl ether (DME) ligands are studied with second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)). Basis sets of up to augmented quintuple zeta quality were used in an effort to minimize basis set truncation error. The present results are compared with recent collision-induced dissociation measurements for the Cu+(DME)(n) complexes, as well as with related complexes in which water either replaces dimethyl ether as the ligand or alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) replace the coinage metals. Agreement between the theoretical and experimental incremental binding enthalpies is good for the two larger copper complexes: DeltaH(0)(Cu+(DME)(3)) = 13.9 (theory) vs 13.1 +/- 0.9 kcal/mol (expt) and DeltaH(0)(Cu+(DME)(4)) = 11.5 (theory) vs 10.8 +/- 2.3 (expt), where values are expressed in kcal/mol. For the two smaller, more tightly bound copper complexes, the level of agreement is somewhat poorer: DeltaH(0)(Cu+(DME)) = 48.4 (theory) vs 44.3 +/- 2.7 kcal/mol (expt) and DeltaH(0)(Cu+(DME)(2)) = 50.6 (theory) vs 46.1 +/- 1.8 (expt). In general, DME binds copper, silver, and gold 15-25% more strongly than water binds the same cations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feller, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-91,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 20 BP 5136 EP 5143 DI 10.1021/jp013911j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 552UU UT WOS:000175639100014 ER PT J AU Borodin, O Trouw, F Bedrov, D Smith, GD AF Borodin, O Trouw, F Bedrov, D Smith, GD TI Temperature dependence of water dynamics in poly(ethylene oxide)/water solutions from molecular dynamics simulations and quasielastic neutron scattering experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; 1,2-DIMETHOXYETHANE/WATER SOLUTIONS; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; FORCE-FIELD; CONFORMATIONS; PROTEIN; SURFACE; SYSTEM; QENS AB The dynamics of water in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS). The simulations and experiments were carried out on PEO/water solutions for the composition EO:O(w) (ether oxygen:water oxygen) = 1:2.3 in the temperature range from 298 to 410 K. To selectively measure the motion of the water, perdeuterated PEO (d-PEO) was used for the QNS experiments. Intermediate scattering functions derived from the MD simulations were found to be in good agreement with those from QNS experiments. The QNS and MD dynamic structure factors were analyzed using the random jump diffusion (RJD) model, a model frequently applied in analysis of water QNS data, yielding rotational and translational diffusion coefficients for water in the d-PEO/H(2)O solutions. Analysis of MD results indicates that, although the translational self-diffusion coefficient can be extracted from the RJD fits to the data rather accurately, the rotational diffusion coefficient has an uncertainty of a factor of 3. The water rotational relaxation was found to be anisotropic, with the rotation in the plane perpendicular to the water dipole vector being 2-2.5 times faster than the water dipole vector relaxation. The Sears model of isotropic rotation provided a poor description of the water rotational dynamics at 298 and 368 K, with better agreement at 410 K. The increased anisotropy of water rotation in PEO/water solutions compared to that of pure water is attributed to PEO/water electrostatic interactions. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borodin, O (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 122 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 304, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM borodin@eng.utah.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291; NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 20 BP 5184 EP 5193 DI 10.1021/jp0200021 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 552UW UT WOS:000175639300008 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Phillips, RA Somorjai, GA AF Opdahl, A Phillips, RA Somorjai, GA TI Surface segregation of methyl side branches monitored by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy for a series of random poly(ethylene-co-propylene) copolymers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; POLYPROPYLENE; INTERFACES; POLYETHYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; WATER AB The surface composition and surface chain conformation of a series of random aspecific poly(ethylene-co-propylene) rubber copolymers (aEPR) was quantified by sum frequency generation surface vibrational spectroscopy (SFG). All of the copolymers are found to preferentially orient side-branch methyl groups out of the surface. As the ethylene content of the copolymer increases, the number of methyl groups contributing to the sum frequency signal decreases. However, the percentage of methyl groups oriented out of the surface, relative to the bulk concentration of methyl groups, increases. This surface excess of oriented methyl groups is proposed to be a result of decreased steric hindrances between adjacent methyl groups in ethylene-rich copolymers. Additionally, analysis of the CH2 bands in the SFG spectra suggests that the CH2 units at the surface become more oriented toward the surface normal and adopt a trans configuration as the ethylene content increases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Basell USA Inc, Ctr Res & Dev, Elkton, MD 21921 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 20 BP 5212 EP 5220 DI 10.1021/jp013741a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 552UW UT WOS:000175639300011 ER PT J AU Husmann, A Betts, JB Boebinger, GS Migliori, A Rosenbaum, TF Saboungi, ML AF Husmann, A Betts, JB Boebinger, GS Migliori, A Rosenbaum, TF Saboungi, ML TI Megagauss sensors SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE; VIOLATION; RULE AB Magnetic fields change the way that electrons move through solids. The nature of these changes reveals information about the electronic structure of a material and, in auspicious circumstances, can be harnessed for applications. The silver chalcogenides, Ag2Se and Ag2Te, are non-magnetic materials, but their electrical resistance can be made very sensitive to magnetic field by adding small amounts-just 1 part in 10, 000-of excess silver(1-4). Here we show that the resistance of Ag2Se displays a large, nearly linear increase with applied magnetic field without saturation to the highest fields available, 600,000 gauss, more than a million times the Earth's magnetic field. These characteristics of large (thousands of per cent) and near-linear response over a large letters to nature field range make the silver chalcogenides attractive as magnetic-field sensors, especially in physically tiny megagauss (10(6) G) pulsed magnets where large fields have been produced but accurate calibration has proved elusive. High-field studies at low temperatures reveal both oscillations in the magnetoresistance and a universal scaling form that point to a quantum origin(5,6) for this material's unprecedented behaviour. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, CRMD, Orleans 2, France. RP Rosenbaum, TF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 17 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 5 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 417 IS 6887 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1038/417421a PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554HZ UT WOS:000175730900033 PM 12024208 ER PT J AU Csaki, C Kaloper, N Terning, J AF Csaki, C Kaloper, N Terning, J TI Effects of the intergalactic plasma on supernova dimming via photon-axion oscillations SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; REDSHIFT AB We have recently proposed a mechanism of photon-axion oscillations as a way of rendering supernovae dimmer without cosmic acceleration. Subsequently, it has been argued that the intergalactic plasma may interfere adversely with this mechanism by rendering the oscillations energy dependent. Here we show that this energy dependence is extremely sensitive to the precise value of the free electron density in the Universe. Decreasing the electron density by only a factor of 4 is already sufficient to bring the energy dependence within the experimental bounds. Models of the intergalactic medium show that for redshifts z < 1 about 97% of the total volume of space is filled with regions of density significantly lower than the average density. From these models we estimate that the average electron density in most of space is lower by at least a factor of 15 compared to the estimate based on one half of all baryons being uniformly distributed and ionized. Therefore the energy dependence of the photon-axion oscillations is consistent with experiment, and the oscillation model remains a viable alternative to the accelerating Universe for explaining the supernova observations. Furthermore, the electron density does give rise to a sufficiently large plasma frequency which cuts off the photon-axion mixing above microwave frequencies, shielding the cosmic microwave photons from axion conversions and significantly relaxing the lower bounds on the axion mass implied by the oscillation model. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Csaki, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Terning, John/0000-0003-1367-0575 NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 535 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 36 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01765-3 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01765-3 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 560RE UT WOS:000176094400007 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Segoni, I Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Agostino, L Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Segoni, I Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Chiodini, G Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Benussi, L Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Cho, K Park, H Alimonti, G Barberis, S Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Edera, L Erba, S Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Vaandering, EW Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI Evidence for new interference phenomena in the decay D+-> K-pi(+)mu(+)nu SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Using a large sample of charm semileptonic decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present evidence for a small, even spin K(-)pi(+) amplitude that interferes with the dominant (K) over bar *(0) component in the D+ --> K(-)pi(+)mu(+)nu final state. Although this interference significantly distorts the D+ --> K(-)pi(+)mu(+)nu decay angular distributions, the new amplitude creates only a very small distortion to the observed kaon pion mass distribution when integrated over the other kinematic variables describing the decay. Our data can be described by (K) over bar *(0) interference with either a constant amplitude or broad spin zero resonance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Kryemadhi, Abaz/0000-0002-1240-2803 NR 6 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 535 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 51 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01715-X DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01715-X PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 560RE UT WOS:000176094400009 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Aschenauer, EC Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouhali, O Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brauksiepe, S Brull, A Brunn, I Bulten, HJ Capitani, GP Chumney, P Cisbani, E Ciullo, G Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Devitsin, E Huberts, PKAD Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Ely, J Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Garutti, E Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Gute, A Haeberli, W Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Heinsius, FH Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hofman, G Holler, Y Holt, RJ Hommez, B Iarygin, G Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Jung, P Kaiser, R Kisselev, A Kitching, P Konigsmann, K Kolster, H Korotkov, V Kotik, E Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Kyle, G Lagamba, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Lindemann, T Lorenzon, W Maas, A Makins, NCR Marukyan, H Masoli, F McIlhany, K Meissner, F Menden, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Milner, R Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaeva, K Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K O'Neill, TG Owen, BR Pate, SF Podiatchev, S Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Rakness, G Rappoport, V Redwine, R Reggiani, D Reimer, P Reolon, AR Rith, K Robinson, D Rostomyan, A Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Sanjiev, I Sato, F Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schmidt, F Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seibert, J Seitz, B Shibata, TA Shutov, V Simani, MC Simon, A Sinram, K Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stewart, J Stosslein, U Suetsugu, K Taroian, S Terkulov, A Tessarin, S Thomas, E Tipton, B Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM van den Brand, JFJ van der Steenhoven, G van de Vyver, R Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Visser, J Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Wise, T Yen, S Yoneyama, S Zohrabian, H AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Aschenauer, EC Avakian, H Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Baturin, V Baumgarten, C Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Bottcher, H Borissov, A Bouhali, O Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brauksiepe, S Brull, A Brunn, I Bulten, HJ Capitani, GP Chumney, P Cisbani, E Ciullo, G Court, GR Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E De Schepper, D Devitsin, E Huberts, PKAD Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Ely, J Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Filippone, BW Fischer, H Fox, B Franz, J Frullani, S Garber, Y Garibaldi, F Garutti, E Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Green, PW Greeniaus, LG Gute, A Haeberli, W Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Heinsius, FH Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hofman, G Holler, Y Holt, RJ Hommez, B Iarygin, G Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Jung, P Kaiser, R Kisselev, A Kitching, P Konigsmann, K Kolster, H Korotkov, V Kotik, E Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Kyle, G Lagamba, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Lindemann, T Lorenzon, W Maas, A Makins, NCR Marukyan, H Masoli, F McIlhany, K Meissner, F Menden, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Milner, R Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaeva, K Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K O'Neill, TG Owen, BR Pate, SF Podiatchev, S Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Rakness, G Rappoport, V Redwine, R Reggiani, D Reimer, P Reolon, AR Rith, K Robinson, D Rostomyan, A Ryckbosch, D Sakemi, Y Sanjiev, I Sato, F Savin, I Scarlett, C Schafer, A Schill, C Schmidt, F Schnell, G Schuler, KP Schwind, A Seibert, J Seitz, B Shibata, TA Shutov, V Simani, MC Simon, A Sinram, K Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stewart, J Stosslein, U Suetsugu, K Taroian, S Terkulov, A Tessarin, S Thomas, E Tipton, B Tytgat, M Urciuoli, GM van den Brand, JFJ van der Steenhoven, G van de Vyver, R Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Visser, J Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Wise, T Yen, S Yoneyama, S Zohrabian, H CA HERMES Collaboration TI Single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in exclusive electroproduction of pi(+) mesons SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LEADING ORDER AB A single-spin asymmetry in the distribution of exclusively produced pi(+) mesons azimuthally around the virtual photon direction relative to the lepton scattering plane has been measured for the first time in deep-inelastic scattering of positrons off longitudinally polarized protons. Integrated over the experimental acceptance, the sin moment of the polarization asymmetry of the cross section is measured to be -0.18 +/- 0.05(stat.) +/- 0.02(syst.). The asymmetry is also studied as a function of the relevant kinematic variables, and its magnitude is found to grow with decreasing x and increasing -t and vanish at t --> t(min) (where x is the Bjorken scaling variable and t is the squared four-momentum transferred to the nucleon). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Colorado, Phys Nucl Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-8046 Garching, Germany. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Kernfys Hoge Energiefys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188350, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Airapetian, A (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 535 IS 1-4 BP 85 EP 92 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01780-X DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01780-X PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 560RE UT WOS:000176094400014 ER PT J AU Huovinen, P Ruuskanen, PV Rasanen, SS AF Huovinen, P Ruuskanen, PV Rasanen, SS TI Photon emission in heavy ion collisions at the CERN SPS SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HADRON PHASE-TRANSITION; ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRA; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PB+PB COLLISIONS; ENERGY; NUMBER AB We compute the thermal photon spectrum in the Pb + Pb collisions at the CERN SPS energy using thermal emission rates and a hydrodynamic description for the evolution of produced hot matter and compare our results with the measurements of the excess photons by the WA98 Collaboration. Our results show that the measured photon spectrum can be reproduced with realistic initial conditions which take properly into account also the finite longitudinal size of the initial collision zone and which simultaneously describe well both the transverse and longitudinal hadron spectra. In the scenario with initial formation of QGP the recently calculated emission rate, complete to order alpha(S) reproduces the measured spectrum. However, the experimental spectrum can also be reproduced in a purely hadronic scenario without transition to QGP state, but a high initial temperature, much over the values predicted for the phase transition temperature T-c is required. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruuskanen, PV (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 535 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 116 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01721-5 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01721-5 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 560RE UT WOS:000176094400017 ER PT J AU Shanahan, KL AF Shanahan, KL TI A systematic error in mass flow calorimetry demonstrated SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; electrolysis; platinum; heavy water AB Mass flow calorimetry represents a useful technique for studying calorimetric behavior of a number of systems. However, a systematic error can be introduced at the level of the calibration constant variation. The error is developed directly from linear regression analysis equations, and should be generalizable to any application of the statistical methodology, possibly even for the non-linear variants of regression analysis. This error is developed and illustrated with some recent data purporting to 'prove' cold fusion. (C) 2002 K.L. Shanahan. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Shanahan, KL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 232-H, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 387 IS 2 BP 95 EP 100 AR PII S0040-6031(01)00832-2 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00832-2 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 560KY UT WOS:000176082300001 ER PT J AU Maron, L Perrin, L Eisenstein, O Andersen, RA AF Maron, L Perrin, L Eisenstein, O Andersen, RA TI Are the carbon monoxide complexes of Cp2M (M = Ca, Eu, or Yb) carbon or oxygen bonded? An answer from DFT calculations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CO; COORDINATION; CATIONS C1 Univ Toulouse 3, IRSAMC, UMR 5626, Phys Quant Lab, F-31064 Toulouse, France. Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Struct & Dynam Syst Mol & Solides, UMR 5636, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maron, L (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRSAMC, UMR 5626, Phys Quant Lab, 118 Route Narbonne, F-31064 Toulouse, France. RI Perrin, Lionel/B-6456-2009; Eisenstein, Odile/I-1704-2016; PERRIN, Lionel/N-9323-2013 OI Eisenstein, Odile/0000-0001-5056-0311; PERRIN, Lionel/0000-0002-0702-8749 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 20 BP 5614 EP 5615 DI 10.1021/ja025820l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 552YU UT WOS:000175648500005 PM 12010015 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Garza, PA Hay, BP Gilbertson, RD Weakley, TJR Hutchison, JE AF Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Garza, PA Hay, BP Gilbertson, RD Weakley, TJR Hutchison, JE TI Deliberate design of ligand architecture yields dramatic enhancement of metal ion affinity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; BINDING CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AMIDE COMPLEXES; MALONAMIDES; N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYLMALONAMIDE; TETRAHEXYLMALONAMIDES; LANTHANIDES; ACTINIDES C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Hay, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 20 BP 5644 EP 5645 DI 10.1021/ja025854t PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 552YU UT WOS:000175648500020 PM 12010030 ER PT J AU Lipton, AS Wright, TA Bowman, MK Reger, DL Ellis, PD AF Lipton, AS Wright, TA Bowman, MK Reger, DL Ellis, PD TI Solid-state Zn-67 NMR spectroscopy in bioinorganic chemistry. Spectra of four- and six-coordinate zinc pyrazolylborate complexes obtained by management of proton relaxation rates with a paramagnetic dopant SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MONOMERIC CADMIUM COMPOUNDS; CD-113 SHIELDING TENSORS; NITROGEN DONOR ATOMS; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; HYDROXIDE COMPLEX; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; BINDING; LIGAND AB Solid-state Zn-67 NMR spectra of model compounds for metallophoteins, such as [H2B(3,5-Me(2)pz)(2)](2)Zn (pz denotes pyrazolyl ring), have been obtained using low temperatures (10 K) to enhance the Boltzmann factor in combination with cross polarization (CP) from H-1 to Zn-67. Attempts to observe spectra of other model compounds, such as [H2B(pz)(2)](2)Zn, were hindered by long relaxation times of the protons. To decrease the proton relaxation times, the high-spin six-coordinate complex [HB(3,4,5-Me(3)pz)(3)](2)Fe has been investigated as a dopant. NMR and EPR measurements have shown that this Fe(II) dopant effectively reduces the H-1 spin lattice relaxation time, T-1, of the zinc samples in the temperature range 5-10 K with minimal perturbations of the H-1 spin lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, T-1rho. Using this methodology, we have determined the Zn-67 NMR parameters of four- and six-coordinate zinc(II) poly(pyrazolyl) borate complexes that are useful models for systems of biological importance. The Zn-67 NMR parameters are contrasted to the corresponding changes in the Cd-113 NMR parameters for the analogous compounds. Further, these investigations have demonstrated that a temperature-dependent phase transition occurs in the neighborhood of 185 K for [HB(3,5-Me(2)pz)(3)](2)Zn; the other poly(pyrazolyl) borate complexes we investigated did not show this temperature-dependent behavior. This conclusion is confirmed by a combination of room-temperature high-field (18.8 T) solid-state Zn-67 NMR spectroscopy and low-temperature X-ray methods. The utilization of paramagnetic dopants should enable low-temperature cross polarization experiments to be performed on a wide variety of nuclides that are important in bioinorganic chemistry, for example, Mg-25, Ca-43, and Zn-67. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Ellis, PD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011; OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409; Reger, Daniel/0000-0002-1525-7066 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM26295] NR 57 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 20 BP 5850 EP 5860 DI 10.1021/ja0127133 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 552YU UT WOS:000175648500050 PM 12010060 ER PT J AU Mason, TO Gonzalez, GB Kammler, DR Mansourian-Hadavi, N Ingram, BJ AF Mason, TO Gonzalez, GB Kammler, DR Mansourian-Hadavi, N Ingram, BJ TI Defect chemistry and physical properties of transparent conducting oxides in the CdO-In2O3-SnO2 system SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Transparent Oxide Thin Films for Electronics and Optics (TOEO-2) CY NOV 08-09, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, 166th Comm DE transparent conducting oxides; phase diagram; point defects; electrical properties; optical properties ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; PHASE-RELATIONS; CADMIUM-OXIDE; IN2O3; CD1+XIN2-2XSNXO4; AGGLOMERATION; WUSTITE AB Combined solid state phase diagram studies and physical property measurements of the various n-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO) phases in the CdO-In2O3-SnO2 system have been carried out. The 1175 degreesC (air) subsolidus phase diagram has been established, including solid solution limits for binary and ternary compositions. From these limits and electrical property measurements vs. doping and degree of reduction, the prevailing defect mechanisms can be deduced. In addition to intrinsic (native) defects (e.g. oxygen vacancies) and extrinsic donor-doping of the end member compounds (e.g. Sn-In(circle) in In2O3) ternary solid solutions exhibit both isovalent doping (e.g. [Cd'(In)] = [Sn-In(circle)] in bixbyite, spinel) and donor-to-acceptor imbalance (e.g. [Sn-In(circle)] > [Cd'(In)] in bixbyite, spinel). Aliovalent doping can also lead to the formation of point defect associates, as in Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO), as confirmed by combined Rietveld analyses of X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Cation exchange between sublattices in the spinel phase plays an important role in determining phase stability and band structure. The physical properties of the TCO phases in the CdO-In2O3-SnO2 system are presented for both bulk ceramics and thin films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mason, TO (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2225 N Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 43 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 411 IS 1 BP 106 EP 114 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00197-9 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00197-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 579LJ UT WOS:000177179200023 ER PT J AU Perkins, JD del Cueto, JA Alleman, JL Warmsingh, C Keyes, BM Gedvilas, LM Parilla, PA To, B Readey, DW Ginley, DS AF Perkins, JD del Cueto, JA Alleman, JL Warmsingh, C Keyes, BM Gedvilas, LM Parilla, PA To, B Readey, DW Ginley, DS TI Combinatorial studies of Zn-Al-O and Zn-Sn-O transparent conducting oxide thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Transparent Oxide Thin Films for Electronics and Optics (TOEO-2) CY NOV 08-09, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Promot Sci, 166th Comm DE transparent conducting oxides; TCO; combinatorial; thin film ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; GA2O3-IN2O3-SNO2 SYSTEM; HIGHLY TRANSPARENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-RELATIONS; SPINEL; CD1+XIN2-2XSNXO4; ZN2SNO4; GAINO3 AB In this work, we discuss the development of combinatorial deposition and analysis tools for the investigation of and the optimization of transparent conducting oxides. Library deposition by co-sputtering followed by optical analysis is shown to be a facile way to achieve these goals. Initial work focused on Zn-Al-O libraries with low Al contents as a test case. Subsequent work has focused on the ZnO-SnO2 tie line. Local maxima in the composition dependence of the conductivity were found for Zn/Sn approximate to 2:1 (Zn2SnO4) and Zn/Sn approximate to 1:1 (ZnSnO3). For these two representative stoichiometries, constant composition films have also been grown by pulsed laser deposition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, SERF-E100-49,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 35 TC 97 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 411 IS 1 BP 152 EP 160 AR PII S0040-6090(02)00205-5 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00205-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 579LJ UT WOS:000177179200031 ER PT J AU Wasinger, EC Mitic, N Hedman, B Caradonna, J Solomon, EI Hodgson, KO AF Wasinger, EC Mitic, N Hedman, B Caradonna, J Solomon, EI Hodgson, KO TI X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of the resting ferrous and cosubstrate-bound active sites of phenylalanine hydroxylase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID HYDROXYLASES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; SUBSTRATE ACTIVATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; IRON ENZYME; PRE-EDGE AB Previous studies of ferrous wild-type phenylalanine hydroxylase, {Fe2+}PAH(T)[], have shown the active site to be a six-coordinate distorted octahedral site. After the substrate and cofactor bind to the enzyme ({Fe2+}PAH(R)[L-Phe,5-deaza-6-MPH4]), the active site converts to a five-coordinate square pyramidal structure in which the identity of the missing ligand had not been previously determined. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Fe K-edge further supports this coordination number change with the binding of both cosubstrates to the enzyme, and determines this to be due to the loss of a water ligand. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. OI Mitic, Natasa/0000-0003-4595-4150 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40392, GM61208] NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6211 EP 6217 DI 10.1021/bi0121510 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 552ZX UT WOS:000175651400001 PM 12009881 ER PT J AU French, SW Shen, RR Koh, PJ Malone, CS Mallick, P Teitell, MA AF French, SW Shen, RR Koh, PJ Malone, CS Mallick, P Teitell, MA TI A modeled hydrophobic domain on the TCL1 oncoprotein mediates association with AKT at the cytoplasmic membrane SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL MALIGNANCIES; B-CELL; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ONCOGENE EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; C-AKT; PROTEIN; KINASE AB AKT has a critical role in relaying cell survival and proliferation signals initiated by ligand binding to surface receptors in mammalian cells. Induction of AKT serine/threonine kinase activity is augmented by the T-cell leukemia-1 (TCL1) oncoprotein through a physical association requiring the AKT pleckstrin homology domain. Here, we used molecular modeling and identified an exposed hydrophobic patch composed of two discontinuous amino acid stretches near one end of the TCL1 beta-barrel that was required for a TCL1-AKT association. Site-directed mutations of this region did not affect TCL1 secondary structure, yet they disrupted interactions with AKT. This region was found in other members of the TCL1 oncoprotein family, such as TCL1b and MTCP1, and suggested a conserved, novel AKT binding domain. Interestingly, TCL1 and AKT co-localize in multiple cell compartments, but only extracts from the plasma membrane stimulate optimal complex formation in vitro. Identification of an AKT binding domain on TCL1 is an important step in deciphering the complex interactions that regulate AKT kinase activity in lymphocyte development and neoplasia within the immune system. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE,Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med,Mol Biol Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, AIDS Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Teitell, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, MacDonald Res Labs, Room 4-760,675 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA74929, T32-CA09056]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40185] NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6376 EP 6382 DI 10.1021/bi016068o PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 552ZX UT WOS:000175651400019 PM 12009899 ER PT J AU Brown, KR Keller, GL Pickering, IJ Harris, HH George, GN Winge, DR AF Brown, KR Keller, GL Pickering, IJ Harris, HH George, GN Winge, DR TI Structures of the cuprous-thiolate clusters of the Mac1 and Ace1 transcriptional activators SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST METALLOTHIONEIN; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; COPPER UPTAKE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; COORDINATION-NUMBER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy on the minimal copper-regulatory domains of the two copper-regulated transcription factors (Ace1 and Mac1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed the presence of a remarkably similar polycopper cluster in both proteins. The Cu-regulatory switch motif of MaeI consisting of the C-terminal first Cys-rich motif, designated the C1 domain, binds four Cu(I) ions as does the Cu-regulatory domain of Ace1. The four Cu(I) ions are bound to each molecule in trigonal geometry. An extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) arising from outer-shell Cu...Cu interactions at 2.7 and 2.9 Angstrom was apparent in each Cu(I) complex indicative of a polycopper cluster. The intensity of the 2.9 Angstrom Cu...Cu backscatter peak, apparently diminished by partial cancellation, dominates the EXAFS. The results suggest that CuAce1 and CuMac1(C1) contain somewhat distorted forms of a known [Cu-4-S-6] cage in which a core of Cu atoms forming an approximate tetrahedron is bound by bridging thiolates above each of the six edges. The tetracopper clusters bound by Ace1 and Mac1 differ in that the Ace1 cluster is coordinated entirely by cysteinyl thiolate, whereas the cysteine-deficient Mac1 cluster appears to consist of a Cu-4(S-Cys)(5)(N-His) cluster with a bridging histidyl-derived nitrogen. C1 Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, 50 N Med Dr,4C312, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; Winge, Dennis/G-3611-2010; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994; Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [T32 DK07115]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 03817] NR 59 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 20 BP 6469 EP 6476 DI 10.1021/bi0160664 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 552ZX UT WOS:000175651400030 PM 12009910 ER PT J AU Boone, MD Scott, DE Niewiarowski, PH AF Boone, MD Scott, DE Niewiarowski, PH TI Effects of hatching time for larval ambystomatid salamanders SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID MARBLED SALAMANDER; POND COMMUNITIES; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; TEMPORARY POND; COMPETITION; OPACUM; PREDATION; DENSITY; FOOD; METAMORPHOSIS AB In aquatic communities, the phenology of breeding may influence species interactions. In the early-breeding marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum timing of pond filling may determine whether interactions among larvae are competitive or predatory. The objectives of our studies were to determine how time of egg hatching affected size, larval period, and survival to metamorphosis in A. opacum, and if early hatching in A. opacum influenced the competitive and predator-prey relationships with smaller larvae of the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum. Salamander larvae were reared from hatching through metamorphosis in large, outdoor enclosures located in a natural temporary pond in Aiken County, South Carolina, in two experiments. In study 1, we reared early- and late-hatching A. opacum larvae separately from hatching through metamorphosis. In study 2, we examined how early- versus late-hatching A. opacum affected a syntopic species, A. talpoideum. In general, early-hatching A. opacum were larger and older at metamorphosis, had greater survival, and left the pond earlier than late-hatching larvae. Ambystoma talpoideum reared in the presence of early-hatching A. opacum had lower survival than in controls, suggesting that A. apacum may predate upon A. talpoideum when they gain a growth advantage over later-hatching larvae. Our studies demonstrate that time of pond filling and phenology of breeding may influence population dynamics and alter the nature of relationships that develop among species. C1 USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Boone, MD (reprint author), USGS, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 21 PY 2002 IS 2 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0511:EOHTFL]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 555AU UT WOS:000175771000029 ER PT J AU Chen, CK Phillips, J AF Chen, CK Phillips, J TI Impact of aerosol particles on the structure of an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma afterglow SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON NUMBER DENSITY; ROTATIONAL TEMPERATURES; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; THOMSON SCATTERING; ATOMIC EMISSION; ARGON; TORCH; AR; EXCITATION; CONTINUUM AB Several novel ceramic processing technologies (e.a. oxide ceramic melting and spheroldization) using an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch were recently developed in our lab. Understanding the processes and optimization requires complete characterization of the plasma as a function of operating condition. As a first step, a non-intrusive spectroscopic method was employed to map rotational (gas), electron and excitation temperatures and electron densities of the afterglow region of microwave generated atmospheric plasmas with and without alumina particle aerosol. Two-dimensional spatially resolved mapping of rotational (gas). excitation and electron ternperatures and electron densities as a function of operating conditions during material processing were developed. It was shown that the passage of an aerosol dramatically changes the structure of the afterglow. Also the non-equilibrium nature of microwave generated atmospheric argon plasma was confirmed, suggesting that only multi-temperature models are capable of modelling this region of the plasma. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ceram & Composite Mat Ctr, Farris Engn Ctr 209, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, CK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ceram & Composite Mat Ctr, Farris Engn Ctr 209, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 998 EP 1009 AR PII S0022-3727(02)31639-5 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/35/10/308 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 561AV UT WOS:000176114600009 ER PT J AU Opdahl, A Phillips, RA Somorjai, GA AF Opdahl, A Phillips, RA Somorjai, GA TI Effect of bulk miscibility on the surface composition of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-propylene) blends SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; BINARY POLYMER MIXTURES; ENRICHMENT; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; SEGREGATION; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; PROFILES AB The surface composition profiles of bulk miscible and immiscible blends of atactic polypropylene (aPP) with aspecific poly(ethylene-co-propylene) rubber (aEPR) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), sum frequency generation surface vibrational spectroscopy (SFG), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SFG spectra of blends of aPP and aEPR show that aPP preferentially segregates to the air/polymer interface, for both the bulk miscible and immiscible systems. The SFG spectra also indicate that methyl side branches assume a preferred configuration at the air/polymer interface, which may play a role in the high surface activity of aPP. Bulk miscibility is shown to control the thickness of the surface enrichment layer, with thicker enrichment layers detected by XPS on bulk immiscible blends. The thickness of the surface enrichment layer measured in the bulk miscible systems is in agreement with the thickness calculated using existing depth profiling models based on Flory-Huggins energy of mixing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Basell USA Inc, Ctr Res & Dev, Elkton, MD 21921 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 4387 EP 4396 DI 10.1021/ma011773q PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 554GU UT WOS:000175728100026 ER PT J AU Tae, GY Kornfield, JA Hubbell, JA Lal, JS AF Tae, GY Kornfield, JA Hubbell, JA Lal, JS TI Ordering transitions of fluoroalkyl-ended poly(ethylene glycol): Rheology and SANS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED ETHOXYLATED URETHANES; STYRENE TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; DNA-SEQUENCING MEDIA; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ASSOCIATING POLYMERS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY; NONLINEAR RHEOLOGY; FLOWABLE NETWORKS AB Aqueous solutions of associative polymers consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (6K or 10K g/mol) terminated at both ends with hydrophobic fluoroalkyl segments, -(CH2)(2)CnF2n+1 (n = 6, 8, or 10), exhibit ordering transitions with increasing concentration. The hydrophobic cores of the micelle-like aggregates order into a body-centered-cubic (bcc) structure, as observed by small-angle neutron scattering. The aggregation number of the hydrophobic core N-ag is determined by the length of the hydrophobic end group and is insensitive to polymer concentration or temperature. Ordering is enhanced by reducing PEG length for a given end group (hence, similar N-ag) or by increasing end group length (larger N-ag) for a given PEG length. This micelle packing effect is manifested in changes in the viscoelastic properties. Specifically, the single-relaxation behavior in the dynamic moduli changes upon ordering as a new low-frequency elastic plateau appears, and in creep a linear response changes to yielding behavior. C1 CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. ETH Zurich, Inst Biomed Engn, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH Zurich, Dept Mat, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Zurich, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kornfield, JA (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Hubbell, Jeffrey/A-9266-2008 OI Hubbell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0276-5456 NR 49 TC 49 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 4448 EP 4457 DI 10.1021/ma011809e PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 554GU UT WOS:000175728100033 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Sarwar, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Sarwar, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M TI Reconstruction of Vees, Kinks, Xi(-)'s, and Omega(-)'s in the FOCUS spectrometer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE charm physics; charged particle track reconstruction; hyperon decay ID PERFORMANCE AB We describe the various techniques developed in the Fermilab Wideband Experiments, E687 and FOCUS, to reconstruct long-lived states. The techniques all involve modifications to standard tracking techniques and are useful to report for future experiments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Dipartimento Fis Teorica & Nucl, Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 6 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 174 EP 193 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02065-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02065-4 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100018 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Sarwar, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Park, KS Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Johns, WE Hosack, M Nehring, MS Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, MS Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Cuautle, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Sarwar, S Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Park, KS Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Johns, WE Hosack, M Nehring, MS Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, MS Sheaff, M TI Cherenkov particle identification in FOCUS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Cherenkov; particle identification; experimental techniques ID DECAYS AB We describe the algorithm used to identify charged tracks in the fixed-target charm-photoproduction experiment FOCUS. We begin by describing the new algorithm and contrast this approach with that used in our preceding experiment - E687. We next illustrate the algorithm's performance using physics signals. Finally, we briefly describe some of the methods used to monitor the quantum efficiency and noise of the Cherenkov cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Loomis Lab 413, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Dipartimento Fis Teorica & Nucl, Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Loomis Lab 413, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Gianini, Gabriele/M-5195-2014; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; Menasce, Dario Livio/A-2168-2016 OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Gianini, Gabriele/0000-0001-5186-0199; bianco, stefano/0000-0002-8300-4124; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Menasce, Dario Livio/0000-0002-9918-1686 NR 6 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 270 EP 286 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01975-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01975-1 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100026 ER PT J AU Reeder, PL Bowyer, SM AF Reeder, PL Bowyer, SM TI Calibration of LiBaF3 : Ce scintillator for fission spectrum neutrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE LiBaF3 : Ce scintillator; neutron calibration; time-tagged Cf-252 ID N-GAMMA; DISCRIMINATION; CRYSTALS AB The scintillator LiBaF3 doped with small amounts of Ce+3 has the ability to distinguish heavy charged particles (p, d, t, or alpha) from beta and/or gamma radiation based on the presence or absence of nanosecond components in the scintillation light output, Since the neutron capture reaction on Li-6 produces recoil alphas and tritons, this scintillator also discriminates between neutron induced events and beta or gamma interactions. An experimental technique using a time-tagged Cf-252 source has been used to measure the efficiency of this scintillator for neutron capture, the calibration of neutron capture pulse height, and the pulse height resolution-all as a function of incident neutron energy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Reeder, PL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-01,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 469 EP 485 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02007-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02007-1 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100044 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR Carpenter, JM AF Mildner, DFR Carpenter, JM TI Time uncertainty for guided long wavelength neutrons on a pulsed source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE critical angle of reflection; long wavelength neutrons; multiple reflection; neutron guides; path length uncertainty; pulse neutron sources; time-of-flight; time resolution; time uncertainty AB The additional broadening of the time distribution of a pulse of neutrons associated with path length uncertainties caused by multiple reflections within a guide is generally small. This can become considerable for long wavelength instruments on a pulsed neutron source. This paper reports calculations for both the straight and the curved guide. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 486 EP 493 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02015-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02015-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100045 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Kandasamy, A AF De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Kandasamy, A TI Analog CMOS peak detect and hold circuits. Part 1. Analysis of the classical configuration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE peak detect and hold; derandomizer; CMOS AB Peak detectors (peak-detect-and-hold circuits. PDHs) are a key element in nuclear electronics signal processing and have been incorporated as a fully integrated block in several front-end readout chips. In CMOS designs. the PDH uses an MOS current source as the rectifying element inside the feedback loop of a high-gain amplifier. However, the non-idealities in the amplifier and feedback elements significantly limit its accuracy and stability. This paper reports on the limits of the classical CMOS PDH. Static errors due to offset, finite gain, and common-mode rejection, dynamic errors due to parasitic capacitive coupling and slew rate, and loop stability are analyzed. Expressions for each error source and consequent design tradeoffs between accuracy, speed. and dynamic range, and driving capability are derived. In a related article (Part 2), a two-phase PDH configuration, which overcomes the major limits of the classical approach is presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Bldg 535B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 533 EP 543 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02059-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02059-9 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100050 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Kandasamy, A AF De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Kandasamy, A TI Analog CMOS peak detect and hold circuits. Part 2. The two-phase offset-free and derandomizing configuration SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE peak detect and hold; derandomizer; CMOS AB An analog CMOS peak detect and hold (PDH) circuit. which combines high speed and accuracy, rail-to-rail sensing and driving, low power, and buffering is presented. It is based on a configuration that cancels the major error sources of the classical CMOS PDH, including offset and common mode gain. by re-using the same amplifier for tracking, peak sensing. and output buffering. By virtue of its high absolute accuracy. two or more PDHs can be used in parallel to serve as a data-driven analog memory for derandomization. The first experimental results on the new peak detector and derandomizer (PDD) circuit, fabricated in 0.35 mum CMOS technology, include a 0.2% absolute accuracy for pulses with 500 ns peaking time, 2.7 V linear input range, 3.3 mW power dissipation, 250 mV/s droop rate, and negligible dead time. The use of such a high performance analog PDD can greatly relax the requirements on the digitization in multi-channel systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Bldg 535B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 544 EP 556 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02060-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02060-5 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100051 ER PT J AU Kirbach, UW Folden, CM Ginter, TN Gregorich, KE Lee, DM Ninov, V Omtvedt, JP Patin, JB Seward, NK Strellis, DA Sudowe, R Turler, A Wilk, PA Zielinski, PM Hoffman, DC Nitsche, H AF Kirbach, UW Folden, CM Ginter, TN Gregorich, KE Lee, DM Ninov, V Omtvedt, JP Patin, JB Seward, NK Strellis, DA Sudowe, R Turler, A Wilk, PA Zielinski, PM Hoffman, DC Nitsche, H TI The Cryo-thermochromatographic Separator (CTS): A new rapid separation and alpha-detection system for on-line chemical studies of highly volatile osmium and hassium (Z=108) tetroxides SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE on-line separator; (alpha-detection system; cryo-thermochromatography; volatile transactinides; hassium tetroxide ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; ELEMENTS; TRANSACTINIDES; APPARATUS AB The Cryo-Thermochromatographic Separator (CTS) was designed and constructed for rapid. continuous on-line separation and simultaneous detection of highly volatile compounds of short-lived a-decaying isotopes of osmium and hassium (Hs, Z = 108). A flowing carrier gas containing the volatile species is passed through a channel formed by two facing rows of 32 a-particle detectors, cooled to form a temperature gradient extending from 247 K at the channel entrance down to 176 K at the exit. The volatile species adsorb onto the SiO2-coated detector surfaces at a characteristic deposition temperature and are identified by their observed a-decay energies. The CTS was tested on-line with OSO4 prepared from Os-169,Os-173 isotopes produced in Sn-181,Sn-120(Fe-56, 3,4,5n) reactions. An adsorption enthalpy for OsO4 of -40.2+/-1.5 kJ/mol on SiO2 was deduced by comparing the measured deposition distribution with Monte Carlo simulations. This successful result demonstrates that such a system provides a viable means for the first chemical study of hassium-which is expected to be a homologue of osmium-by determining whether it forms a similarly volatile oxide. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Kirbach, UW (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Inst Solid State Res, POB 27 00 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; Omtvedt, Jon Petter/C-8194-2011; Folden, Charles/F-1033-2015; Turler, Andreas/D-3913-2014 OI Omtvedt, Jon Petter/0000-0002-1822-7348; Folden, Charles/0000-0002-2814-3762; Turler, Andreas/0000-0002-4274-1056 NR 28 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 587 EP 594 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01990-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01990-8 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100055 ER PT J AU Langen, KM Binns, PJ Lennox, AJ Kroc, TK DeLuca, PM AF Langen, KM Binns, PJ Lennox, AJ Kroc, TK DeLuca, PM TI Pileup correction of microdosimetric spectra SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE pulse pileup; microdosimetry; neutron therapy ID PULSE-HEIGHT SPECTRA; DOUBLE SUM PULSES; PROPORTIONAL-COUNTERS; GENERALIZED METHOD; BEAMS; DISTORTION; NEUTRONS; QUALITY; PHOTON; DEPTH AB Microdosimetric spectra were measured at the Fermilab neutron therapy facility using low pressure proportional counters operated in pulse mode. The neutron beam has a very low duty cycle (<0.1%) and consequently a high instantaneous dose rate which causes distortions of the microdosimetric spectra due to pulse pileup. The determination of undistorted spectra at this facility necessitated (i) the modified operation of the proton accelerator to reduce the instantaneous dose rate and (ii) the establishment of a computational procedure to correct the measured spectra for remaining pileup distortions. In support of the latter effort, two different pileup simulation algorithms using analytical and Monte-Carlo-based approaches were developed. While the analytical algorithm allows a detailed analysis of pileup processes it only treats two-pulse and three-pulse pileup and its validity is hence restricted. A Monte-Carlo-based pileup algorithm was developed that inherently treats all degrees of pileup. This algorithm can be used in an iterative manner to correct pileup distorted spectra, The pileup simulation and correction codes compared well with experimental data. A set of pileup distorted spectra that were collected under different setup configurations at the Fermilab facility were corrected for pileup. Analysis of the spectral variations between the spectra is consistent with findings reported in the literature. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Accelerator Ctr, ZA-7131 Faure, South Africa. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Neutron Therapy Facil, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Langen, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1600 Divisadero St,Suite H-1031, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 595 EP 612 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02014-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02014-9 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100056 ER PT J AU Smith, MK Bracken, DS AF Smith, MK Bracken, DS TI Calorimeter prediction based on multiple exponentials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorimetry; prediction; plutonium; time-savings AB Calorimetry allows very precise measurements of nuclear material to be carried out, but it also requires relatively long measurement times to do so. The ability to accurately predict the equilibrium response of a calorimeter would significantly reduce the amount of time required for calorimetric assays. An algorithm has been developed that is effective at predicting the equilibrium response. This multi-exponential prediction algorithm is based on an iterative technique using commercial fitting routines that fit a constant plus a variable number of exponential terms to calorimeter data. Details of the implementation and the results of trials on a large number of calorimeter data sets will be presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS5 Safeguards Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, MK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS5 Safeguards Sci & Technol, Bikini Atol Rd,MS E40,SM-30,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 668 EP 679 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02054-X DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02054-X PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100063 ER PT J AU Rokni, SH Fasso, A Gwise, T Liu, JC Roesler, S AF Rokni, SH Fasso, A Gwise, T Liu, JC Roesler, S TI Induced radioactivity of materials by stray radiation fields at an electron accelerator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE induced radioactivity; stray radiation fields; photonuclear reactions; FLUKA AB Samples of soil, water, aluminum, copper and iron were irradiated in the stray radiation field generated by the interaction of a 28.5 GeV electron beam in a copper-dump in the Beam Dump East facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The specific activity induced in the samples was measured by gamma spectroscopy and other techniques. In addition, the isotope production in the samples was calculated with detailed Monte Carlo simulations using the FLUKA code. The calculated activities are compared to the experimental values and differences are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. CERN, EP AIP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Rokni, SH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, MS 48,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 680 EP 689 AR PII S0168-9002(01)02064-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)02064-2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100064 ER PT J AU Wojcik, R Yan, C AF Wojcik, R Yan, C TI Hall C raster veto/flag generator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE target; beam; raster AB Due to the high intensity and small size of the continuous electron beam produced at Jefferson Lab,(1) one must raster it over the target to keep the properties of the target stable during an experiment. Rastering the beam using sign-wave control signals to produce a Lissajous pattern, however, causes the beam to remain at the edges of the target longer than the center. In these regions, the local heating can be much higher than the central region generating considerable luminosity losses affecting the quality of the data. This circuit tracks the X and Y raster waveforms and sends out NIM and TTL VETO, FLAG pulses when X-2 + Y-2 is greater than a user set threshold based on the percentage of the peak voltage on the Y input. The VETO/FLAG can be used to limit the acquisition/analysis of the data to a circular region in the center of the raster pattern. This circuit automatically compensates for changing frequency and voltage to maintain a constant percent trigger from 0.4 to 5 V peak to the peak of the raster waveform. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wojcik, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Div Phys, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 21 PY 2002 VL 484 IS 1-3 BP 690 EP 694 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01998-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01998-2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 568DL UT WOS:000176527100065 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Blake, TA Sharpe, SW Chu, PM AF Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Blake, TA Sharpe, SW Chu, PM TI Removing aperture-induced artifacts from Fourier transform infrared intensity values SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FT-IR; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETRY; PARAMETERS; MICHELSON; SPECTRA; SAMPLE AB Two Fourier transform infrared intensity artifacts have been observed at moderately high (0.1 cm(-1)) spectral resolution: Light reflected off the aperture was double modulated by the interferometer, producing a 2f alias, and the warm (approximate to310 K) annulus of the aperture seen by a cooled detector resulted in distorted line shapes and anomalous intensities in the fingerprint region. Although the second artifact has been alluded to previously, we report corrections to remove both of these anomalies and to demonstrate the efficacy of these corrections. Prior to correction, integrated-band intensities were found to be in error by up to 12%. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sw.sharpe@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 2831 EP 2839 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002831 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 553VR UT WOS:000175697300014 PM 12027170 ER PT J AU Jovanovic, I Comaskey, BJ Ebbers, CA Bonner, RA Pennington, DM Morse, EC AF Jovanovic, I Comaskey, BJ Ebbers, CA Bonner, RA Pennington, DM Morse, EC TI Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier as an alternative to Ti : sapphire regenerative amplifiers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-GAIN; AMPLIFICATION; GENERATION AB We demonstrated a high-pulse energy, femtosecond-pulse source based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification. We successfully amplified 1-mum broadband oscillator pulses to 31 mJ and recompressed them to 310-fs pulse duration, at a 10-Hz repetition rate. The gain in our system is 6 X 10(7), achieved by the single passing of only 40 mm of gain material pumped by a commercial Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. This relatively simple system replaces a more complex Ti:sapphire regenerative-amplifier-based chirped-pulse amplification system. Numerous features in design and performance of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers make them a preferred alternative to regenerative amplifiers based on Ti:sapphire in the front end of high-peak-power lasers. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-490,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jovanovic1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 2923 EP 2929 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002923 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 553VR UT WOS:000175697300024 PM 12027180 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Chu, PK Brown, IG AF Zhang, T Chu, PK Brown, IG TI Effects of cathode materials and arc current on optimal bias of a cathodic arc through a magnetic duct SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; VACUUM; PLASMAS; TRANSPORT; FILTERS; FIELDS AB A negatively biased collecting plate was used to collect the ion current of the cathodic arc plasma transported through a curved magnetic duct. The optimal duct bias at which the duct has the maximum efficiency for plasma transport was measured for C, Ti, Mo, and W plasmas as a function of the arc current and guiding magnetic field. The optimal bias decreased with the magnetic field and was almost steady when the field was above 400 G. The optimal bias at 400 G and above increased with the arc current for C plasma but the opposite relationship was observed for Ti, Mo, and W plasmas. The effects of the plasma density, ion mass, ion kinetic energy, and magnetic field on the optimal bias are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing Radiat Ctr, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chu, PK (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 20 BP 3700 EP 3702 DI 10.1063/1.1481235 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551LX UT WOS:000175564100012 ER PT J AU Tamura, N MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Padmore, HA Valek, B Bravman, JC Spolenak, R Brown, WL Marieb, T Fujimoto, H Batterman, BW Patel, JR AF Tamura, N MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Padmore, HA Valek, B Bravman, JC Spolenak, R Brown, WL Marieb, T Fujimoto, H Batterman, BW Patel, JR TI High spatial resolution grain orientation and strain mapping in thin films using polychromatic submicron x-ray diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEXTURE; STRESS; LINES; WIRES AB The availability of high brilliance synchrotron sources, coupled with recent progress in achromatic focusing optics and large area two-dimensional detector technology, has allowed us to develop an x-ray synchrotron technique that is capable of mapping orientation and strain/stress in polycrystalline thin films with submicron spatial resolution. To demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument, we have employed it to study the microstructure of aluminum thin film structures at the granular and subgranular levels. Due to the relatively low absorption of x-rays in materials, this technique can be used to study passivated samples, an important advantage over most electron probes given the very different mechanical behavior of buried and unpassivated materials. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lucent Technol, Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Intel Corp, Portland, OR 97124 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tamura, N (reprint author), Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Spolenak, Ralph/A-1655-2008 NR 14 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 20 BP 3724 EP 3726 DI 10.1063/1.1477621 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551LX UT WOS:000175564100020 ER PT J AU Mueller, AH Suvorova, NA Irene, EA Auciello, O Schultz, JA AF Mueller, AH Suvorova, NA Irene, EA Auciello, O Schultz, JA TI Real-time observations of interface formation for barium strontium titanate films on silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SI; LAYER AB Ba.5Sr.5TiO3 (BST) film growth by ion sputtering on bare and thermally oxidized silicon was observed in real time using in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and time of flight ion scattering and recoil spectrometry techniques. At the outset of BST film deposition on silicon, an approximately 30 A film with intermediate static dielectric constant (Ksimilar to12) and refractive index (nsimilar to2.6 at photon energies of 1.5-3.25 eV) interface layer formed on bare silicon. The interface layer growth rate was greatly reduced on an oxidized silicon substrate. The results have profound implications on the static dielectric constant of BST. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ionwerks Inc, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Mueller, AH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 20 BP 3796 EP 3798 DI 10.1063/1.1479451 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551LX UT WOS:000175564100044 ER PT J AU Fowlkes, JD Pedraza, AJ Blom, DA Meyer, HM AF Fowlkes, JD Pedraza, AJ Blom, DA Meyer, HM TI Surface microstructuring and long-range ordering of silicon nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCIMER-LASER ABLATION; LIGHT-EMISSION; INERT-GAS; ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; FILMS AB Pulsed-laser irradiation was used to induce the formation of linear arrays of nanoparticles that can extend over millimeter distances. On flat surfaces, the irradiation induces the fragmentation and clustering of a thin silicon film pulsed-laser deposited on silicon into nanoparticles that grow to 30-40 nm in diameter. The nanoparticles aggregate into clusters that migrate, forming short curvilinear groups that exhibit a short-range ordering. If a region containing a microscopic roughness is introduced, the nanoparticles are forced to align into long and remarkably straight lines with line spacing very close to the laser wavelength. A close connection is established between the nanoparticle alignment and the evolution of laser-induced periodic surface structures. The microscopic roughness solely serves as a trigger to produce the alignment. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fowlkes, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 20 BP 3799 EP 3801 DI 10.1063/1.1480106 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551LX UT WOS:000175564100045 ER PT J AU Zehavi, I Blanton, MR Frieman, JA Weinberg, DH Mo, HJ Strauss, MA Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Dodelson, S Doi, M Eisenstein, D Evans, ML Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kron, R Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, T Meiksin, A Merrelli, A Munn, JA Narayanan, V Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Peoples, J Pope, A Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Siegmund, W Smee, S Snir, Y Stebbins, A Stoughton, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yanny, B York, DG AF Zehavi, I Blanton, MR Frieman, JA Weinberg, DH Mo, HJ Strauss, MA Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bernardi, M Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Dalcanton, JJ Dodelson, S Doi, M Eisenstein, D Evans, ML Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, S Fukugita, M Gunn, JE Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kron, R Kunszt, P Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH McKay, T Meiksin, A Merrelli, A Munn, JA Narayanan, V Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Peoples, J Pope, A Rockosi, CM Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Scoccimarro, R Sheth, RK Siegmund, W Smee, S Snir, Y Stebbins, A Stoughton, C SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DV Vogeley, MS Waddell, P Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI Galaxy clustering in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey redshift data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; cosmology : theory; dark matter; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe ID COLD DARK-MATTER; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; PAIRWISE VELOCITY DISPERSION; SPATIAL CORRELATION-FUNCTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; POWER-SPECTRUM; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS; SPACE DISTORTIONS AB We present the first measurements of clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxy redshift survey. Our sample consists of 29,300 galaxies with redshifts 5700 km s(-1) less than or equal to cz less than or equal to 39, 000 km s(-1), distributed in several long but narrow (2.degrees5-5degrees) segments, covering 690 deg(2). For the full, flux-limited sample, the redshift-space correlation length is approximately 8 h(-1) Mpc. The two-dimensional correlation function xi(r(p), pi) shows clear signatures of both the small-scale, "fingers-of-God" distortion caused by velocity dispersions in collapsed objects and the large-scale compression caused by coherent flows, though the latter cannot be measured with high precision in the present sample. The inferred real-space correlation function is well described by a power law, xi(r) = (r/6.1 +/- 0.2 h(-1) Mpc)(-1.75 +/- 0.03), for 0.1 h(-1) Mpc less than or equal to r less than or equal to 16 h(-1) Mpc. The galaxy pair-wise velocity dispersion is sigma(12) approximate to 600 +/- 100 km s(-1) for projected separations 0.15 h(-1) Mpc less than or equal to r(p) less than or equal to5 h(-1) Mpc. When we divide the sample by color, the red galaxies exhibit a stronger and steeper real-space correlation function and a higher pairwise velocity dispersion than do the blue galaxies. The relative behavior of subsamples defined by high/low profile concentration or high/low surface brightness is qualitatively similar to that of the red/blue subsamples. Our most striking result is a clear measurement of scale-independent luminosity bias at r less than or similar to 10 h(-1) Mpc: subsamples with absolute magnitude ranges centered on M-* - 1.5, M-*, and M-* + 1.5 have real-space correlation functions that are parallel power laws of slope approximate to -1.8 with correlation lengths of approximately 7.4, 6.3, and 4.7 h(-1) Mpc, respectively. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Yerkes Observ, Williams Bay, WI 53191 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Mo, Houjun/P-7811-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 139 TC 431 Z9 434 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 1 BP 172 EP 190 DI 10.1086/339893 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550TJ UT WOS:000175519000010 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Narayanan, V Scoccimarro, R Scranton, R Strauss, MA Connolly, A Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, M Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Narayanan, V Scoccimarro, R Scranton, R Strauss, MA Connolly, A Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Nichol, RC O'Connell, L Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Vogeley, MS Zehavi, I Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG CA SDSS Collaboration TI The angular power spectrum of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe; methods : data analysis ID REDSHIFT SURVEYS; EIGENMODE ANALYSIS; MAPS; CATALOG AB We compute the angular power spectrum C-l from 1.5 million galaxies in early Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data on large angular scales, l less than or similar to 600. The data set covers about 160 deg(2), with a characteristic depth on the order of 1 h(-1) Gpc in the faintest (21 < r* < 22) of our four magnitude bins. Cosmological interpretations of these results are presented in a companion paper by Dodelson and coworkers. The data in all four magnitude bins are consistent with a simple at concordance model with nonlinear evolution and linear bias factors on the order of unity. Nonlinear evolution is particularly evident for the brightest galaxies. A series of tests suggests that systematic errors related to seeing, reddening, etc. are negligible, which bodes well for the 60-fold larger sample that the SDSS is currently collecting. Uncorrelated error bars and well-behaved window functions make our measurements a convenient starting point for cosmological model fitting. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Tegmark, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys, 209 S 3rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19101 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 49 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 1 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1086/339894 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550TJ UT WOS:000175519000011 ER PT J AU Asztalos, SJ Daw, E Peng, H Rosenberg, LJ Yu, DB Hagmann, C Kinion, D Stoeffl, W van Bibber, K LaVeigne, J Sikivie, P Sullivan, NS Tanner, DB Nezrick, F Moltz, DM AF Asztalos, SJ Daw, E Peng, H Rosenberg, LJ Yu, DB Hagmann, C Kinion, D Stoeffl, W van Bibber, K LaVeigne, J Sikivie, P Sullivan, NS Tanner, DB Nezrick, F Moltz, DM TI Experimental constraints on the axion dark matter halo density SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; Galaxy : halo; instrumentation : detectors ID INVISIBLE-AXION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; HARMLESS AXION; CP INVARIANCE; BIG-BANG; SEARCH; DECAY; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SUPERNOVAE; RADIATION AB Most of the mass of the Milky Way is contributed by its halo, presumably in the form of noninteracting cold dark matter. The axion is a compelling cold dark matter candidate. We report results from a search that probes the local Galactic halo axion density using the Sikivie radio frequency cavity technique. Candidates over the frequency range 550 MH less than or equal to f less than or equal to 810 MHz (2.3 mueV less than or equal to m(a) less than or equal to 3.4 mueV) were investigated. The absence of a signal suggests that the axions of Kim and Shifman, Vainshtein, & Zakharov contribute no more than 0.45 GeV cm(-3) of mass density to the local dark matter halo over this mass range. C1 MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Asztalos, SJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 1 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1086/341130 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550TQ UT WOS:000175519700006 ER PT J AU Trudolyubov, SP Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC Mason, KO Cordova, FA AF Trudolyubov, SP Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC Mason, KO Cordova, FA TI On the X-ray source luminosity distributions in the bulge and disk of M31: First results from the XMM-Newton survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : stars ID PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; CENTRAL REGION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; SOURCE POPULATION; M-31; CANDIDATES AB We present luminosity distributions for the X-ray sources detected with XMM-Newton in the bulge and disk of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). The disk is clearly lacking the bright sources that dominate X-ray emission from the bulge. This is the first convincing evidence of a difference between bulge and disk X-ray populations in M31. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with the luminosity distributions for low- and high-mass X-ray binaries recently obtained by Grimm, Gilfanov, & Sunyaev for our Galaxy. The data presented here confirm that X-ray population of the disk of M31 is dominated by faint high-mass X-ray binary sources, while the bulge is populated with bright low- mass X-ray binaries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. RP Trudolyubov, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 571 IS 1 BP L17 EP L21 DI 10.1086/341131 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550TQ UT WOS:000175519700004 ER PT J AU Bill, A Windiks, R Delley, B Kresin, VZ AF Bill, A Windiks, R Delley, B Kresin, VZ TI High-temperature superconductivity in intercalated molecular C-60/CHX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID FULLERIDES; C-60 AB Intercalating polyatomic molecules into a superconductor strongly modifies its superconducting properties. A mechanism for a large increase in T-c is proposed that explains recent experimental findings On C-60/CHX3 (X=Cl,Br). The increase of T-c upon intercalation as well as upon Cl-->Br substitution is described in terms of the additional contribution to pairing interaction arising from the coupling of holes (or electrons) to the vibrational manifold of the intercalated haloform molecules. We also present first optimization of the crystal structure and calculations of the band structure for neutral C-60/CHCl3. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Delley, Bernard/E-1336-2014 OI Delley, Bernard/0000-0002-7020-2869 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 11-12 BP 1533 EP 1537 DI 10.1142/S0217979202011044 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 561FP UT WOS:000176129800001 ER PT J AU Andreone, A Di Gennaro, E Lamura, G Salluzzo, M Le Cochec, J Gauzzi, A Cantoni, C Paranthaman, M Ceresara, S Giunchi, G AF Andreone, A Di Gennaro, E Lamura, G Salluzzo, M Le Cochec, J Gauzzi, A Cantoni, C Paranthaman, M Ceresara, S Giunchi, G TI Study of the electrodynamic response of MgB2 sintered pellets and thin films SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article AB We present a number of experimental results on the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth lambda and on the temperature and field dependence of the microwave surface impedance Z(s) = R-s + iX(s) in both pellets and thin films of MgB2, exhibiting critical temperatures ranging between 26 and 38 K. Accurate measurements of Z(s)(H, T) were performed by means of a sapphire dielectrically loaded cavity operating in the microwave region (20 GHz). The study of lambda(T) was carried out employing a single coil mutual inductance technique in the MHz region. An anisotropic s-wave BCS model can account for the temperature dependence experimentally observed in the penetration depth data of the best films, confirming previous reports on the conventional nature of superconductivity in diborides. On the contrary, films having a reduced value of the critical temperature and pellets show no evidence of saturation, and the experimental results strictly follow a quadratic dependence down to the lowest temperatures. We explain this behavior with the presence of metallic Mg inclusions that may locally depress the gap. The study of the surface impedance versus temperature and field shows also that the source of microwave loss can be markedly different, depending on the structural and transport properties of the samples. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, INFM, Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, Naples, Italy. CEA Saclay, DRECAM, Lab Pierre Sue, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. MASPEC CNR Inst, Area Sci, I-43010 Parma, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Edison SPA, Milan, Italy. RP Univ Naples Federico II, INFM, Naples, Italy. EM gianrico.lamura@na.infn.it RI salluzzo, marco/C-5919-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Di Gennaro, Emiliano/G-6311-2010; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI salluzzo, marco/0000-0001-8372-6963; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Di Gennaro, Emiliano/0000-0003-4231-9776; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 EI 1793-6578 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 11-12 BP 1599 EP 1603 DI 10.1142/S0217979202011408 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 561FP UT WOS:000176129800010 ER PT J AU Feng, DL Eisaki, H Shen, KM Damascelli, A Kim, C Lu, DH Shen, ZX Shimizu, K Shimoyama, JI Kishio, K Motoyama, N Kaneko, N Greven, M Gu, GD AF Feng, DL Eisaki, H Shen, KM Damascelli, A Kim, C Lu, DH Shen, ZX Shimizu, K Shimoyama, JI Kishio, K Motoyama, N Kaneko, N Greven, M Gu, GD TI Photoemission study of the intra-unit-cell coupling in a trilayer cuprate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The electronic structures of the nearly optimally doped single-layer, bilayer and trilayer Bi-based cuprates are investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. A line-shape analysis of data taken for different photon energies indicates that the interlayer coupling within the trilayer is not stronger than its counterpart in the bilayer system. This suggests that the higher T-c of the trilayer cuprate superconductors is not due to an enhancement of the coupling strength between the neighboring CuO2 planes within each unit cell. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Feng, DL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RI Shen, Kyle/B-3693-2008; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 11-12 BP 1691 EP 1696 DI 10.1142/S0217979202011056 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 561FP UT WOS:000176129800023 ER PT J AU Ploumhans, P Winckelmans, GS Salmon, JK Leonard, A Warren, MS AF Ploumhans, P Winckelmans, GS Salmon, JK Leonard, A Warren, MS TI Vortex methods for direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional bluff body flows: Application to the sphere at Re=300, 500, and 1000 SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE vortex method; particle method; viscous flow; particle redistribution; 3D flow; sphere ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; FLUID DYNAMIC FORCES; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; VELOCITY-FIELDS; WAKES; BODIES; DERIVATIVES; ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS; VORTICES AB Recent contributions to the 3-D vortex methods are presented. Following Cottet, the particles strength exchange (PSE) scheme for diffusion is modified in the vicinity of solid boundaries to avoid a spurious vorticity flux and to enforce a zero-normal component of vorticity during the convection/PSE step. The vortex sheet algorithm used to enforce the no-slip boundary condition through a vorticity flux at the boundary and the technique used to perform accurate redistributions in the presence of bodies of general geometry are extended from their 2-D counterpart. To perform simulations with nonuniform resolution, a mapping of the redistribution lattice is used. Computational efficiency is attained through the use of parallel tree codes based on multipole expansions of vortex particles and of vortex panels. The method is validated, by comparisons with other authors' results, on the flow past a sphere at Re = 300. It is then applied to compute the flow at Re = 500 and 1000. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Dept Mech Engn, CESAME, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Digital Isl, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ploumhans, P (reprint author), Free Field Technol SA, Pl Univ 16, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM ploumhan@term.ucl.ac.be; gsw@term.ucl.ac.be; jsalmon@thesalmons.org; tony@galcit.caltech.edu; mswarren@lanl.gov OI Warren, Michael/0000-0002-1218-7904 NR 48 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 178 IS 2 BP 427 EP 463 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7035 PG 37 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 552AK UT WOS:000175596000008 ER PT J AU Spataru, CD Budau, P AF Spataru, CD Budau, P TI Resonant tunnelling device at the molecular scale. A simple exactly solvable model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Current Problems in Complex Fluids: Self-Assembling Systems CY JUL 10-14, 2001 CL OAXACA, MEXICO ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SYSTEMS AB We present a simple exactly solvable model, based on an Anderson-Newns-Grimley type Hamiltonian, for a three-terminal device at molecular level. This device contains two nanowires as source and drain, a scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) tip as gate and an active atom or molecule between the STM tip and the two nanowires. We show that an amplification effect of the tunnelling current between the source and the drain is obtained by changing the gate voltage and the distance between the gate and the active molecule. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. RP Spataru, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 19 BP 4995 EP 5001 AR PII S0953-8984(02)33242-9 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/19/321 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 558DU UT WOS:000175951700023 ER PT J AU Ferreiro, E Iancu, E Leonidov, A McLerran, L AF Ferreiro, E Iancu, E Leonidov, A McLerran, L TI Nonlinear gluon evolution in the color glass condensate: II SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; MCLERRAN-VENUGOPALAN MODEL; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ART. NO. 114023; LOW X PHYSICS; BFKL POMERON; LARGE NUCLEI; HIGH-DENSITY; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB We complete the construction of the renormalization group equation (RGE) for the color glass condensate begun in Paper I. This is the equation which governs the evolution with rapidity of the statistical weight function for the color glass field. The coefficients in this equation-one-loop real and virtual contributions-are computed explicitly, to all orders in the color glass field. The resulting RGE can be interpreted as the imaginary-time evolution equation, with rapidity as the "imaginary time", for a quantum field theory in two spatial dimensions. In the weak-field limit it reduces to the BFKL equation. In the general nonlinear case, it is equivalent to an equation by Weigert which summarizes in functional form the evolution equations for Wilson-line operators previously derived by Balitsky and Kovchegov. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CE Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela 15706, Spain. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11979 USA. RP Iancu, E (reprint author), CE Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Leonidov, Andrey/M-4440-2013; Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017 OI Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356 NR 62 TC 527 Z9 528 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 703 IS 1-2 BP 489 EP 538 AR PII S0375-9474(01)01329-X DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01329-X PG 50 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 554HP UT WOS:000175730000024 ER PT J AU Campbell, GH Kumar, M King, WE Belak, J Moriarty, JA Foiles, SM AF Campbell, GH Kumar, M King, WE Belak, J Moriarty, JA Foiles, SM TI The rigid-body displacement observed at the Sigma=5, (310)-[001] symmetric tilt grain boundary in central transition bcc metals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; TANTALUM SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CENTERED CUBIC METALS; HIGH-PURITY NIOBIUM; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; CORE STRUCTURE; MOLYBDENUM; DEFORMATION AB The identical Sigma = 5, (310)-[001] symmetric tilt grain boundary (STGB) was fabricated in three different bee metals (Nb, Mo and Ta) by ultrahigh-vacuum diffusion bonding and the atomic structure was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We report the results of quantitative measures of the rigid-body shift of the 1 = 5, (310) [001] STGB for all three metals. The atomic structures of these boundaries were also predicted by atomistic simulations using potentials developed within the framework of the model generalized pseudopotential theory for these same three metals. These potentials are an example of a new class of interatomic potentials that incorporate angularly dependent d-state interactions. These models of interatomic interactions should have applicability to simulations of the central transition bcc metals owing to the directional nature of the d bonding. To test these new models, methods were developed for quantitative measurement of the grain-boundary structure from experimental observations and good agreement with theory was generally found. However, grain-boundary defects appear to be more common than first supposed, complicating the analysis. Nevertheless, the experiments appear to validate the predictive power of the new interatomic potentials for simulating crystal defects in bcc metals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modelling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Campbell, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Campbell, Geoffrey/F-7681-2010 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1573 EP 1594 DI 10.1080/01418610210124847 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 550HU UT WOS:000175498200009 ER PT J AU Han, K Yu-Zhang, K Kung, H Embury, JD Daniels, BJ Clemens, BM AF Han, K Yu-Zhang, K Kung, H Embury, JD Daniels, BJ Clemens, BM TI A structure investigation of epitaxial Fe-Pt multilayers SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE/PT MULTILAYERS; THIN-FILMS; MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION; FE(001)/PT(001); DEPENDENCE; HARDNESS; ALLOYS; IRON AB Fe/Pt epitaxial multilayers have been studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The Fe/Pt multilayers were prepared by sputter deposition on MgO substrates. All samples had the (002)1,, p, plane parallel to the surface of MgO. The nominal bilayer period Lambda was varied from 2.5 to 12.1 nm. The multilayers with Lambda greater than or equal to 4.4 nm exhibited a Bain orientation relationship between fee Pt a lid the tetragonally distorted bcc Fe. Examination of the multilayers with Lambda = 12.1 nm revealed the least distorted bee Fe structure and the best-defined interface between the bee Fe and fcc Pt layers. The HRTEM images taken from the areas adjacent to the interface revealed that (200)(bccFe) is rotated 3degrees away from (200)1,,. This rotation appears to arise in order to accommodate the elastic misfit between the layers. The ratio of the interplanar distance of the (002)(bccFe) planes relative to that Of (110)(bccFe), that is d(002)(Fe)/d(110) (Fe), was found to be 1.37 for Lambda = 7.6 nin and 1.28 for Lambda = 4.4 nin, which are smaller than the value of 1.414 expected for an undistorted bee structure. The variation in the ratio could be related to a relaxation of the internal stresses developed in the multilayers. For the Fe/Pt multilayers with a nominal value of Lambda = 2.5 nm, both the selected area diffraction patterns and the HRTEM images show epitaxial growth of fcc Fe and Pt with a cube-on-cube orientation relationship, that is [010](Fe)//[010](Pt), (002)(Fe)//(002)(pt), with about 1degrees deviation. A tetragonal distortion occurred in the Pt layers with the largest lattice constant in the plane of the film. Diffuse diffraction spots and streaking along the film growth direction were observed in all multilayers, probably owing to a combination of both the small dimensions of the layer structure and the formation of a Fe/Pt solid solution close to the interfaces. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Reims, DTI, CNRS, Unite Mixte Rech 6107, F-51687 Reims 02, France. McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Han, K (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM han@magnet.fsu.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 8 BP 1633 EP 1650 DI 10.1080/01418610210125792 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 550HU UT WOS:000175498200012 ER PT J AU Aranson, IS Meerson, B Sasorov, PV Vinokur, VM AF Aranson, IS Meerson, B Sasorov, PV Vinokur, VM TI Phase separation and coarsening in electrostatically driven granular media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BISTABLE SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; FRONT AB A continuum model for the phase separation and coarsening in electrostatically driven granular media is formulated in terms of a Ginzburg-Landau equation subject to conservation of the total number of grains. In the regime of well-developed clusters, the continuum model is used to derive "sharp-interface" equations that govern the dynamics of the interphase boundary. The model captures the essential physics of this system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 204301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.204301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200013 PM 12005566 ER PT J AU Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Blyakhman, Y Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Holme, AK Ito, H Jakobsen, E Jipa, A Jordre, JI Jundt, F Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Keutgen, T Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, B Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Norris, J Olchanski, K Olness, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Sheetz, RA Staszel, P Thorsteinsen, TF Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Wieloch, A Zgura, IS AF Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Blyakhman, Y Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Holme, AK Ito, H Jakobsen, E Jipa, A Jordre, JI Jundt, F Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Keutgen, T Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, B Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Norris, J Olchanski, K Olness, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Sheetz, RA Staszel, P Thorsteinsen, TF Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Wieloch, A Zgura, IS CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from Au+Au collisions at the maximum RHIC energy, root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; AU COLLISIONS; MULTIPLICITY; QCD AB We present charged-particle multiplicities as a function of pseudorapidity and collision centrality for the Au-197+ Au-197 reaction at roots(NN)=200 GeV . For the 5% most central events we obtain dN(ch)/detaparallel to(eta=0) =625+/-55 and N(ch)parallel to(-4.7less than or equal toetaless than or equal to4.7) =4630+/-370, i.e., 14% and 21% increases, respectively, relative to roots(NN)=130 GeV collisions. Charged-particle production per pair of participant nucleons is found to increase from peripheral to central collisions around midrapidity. These results constrain current models of particle production at the highest RHIC energy. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Bearden, IG (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014 OI Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094 NR 22 TC 201 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 202301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.202301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200003 PM 12005556 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Pan, BC Ye, YY AF Biswas, R Pan, BC Ye, YY TI Metastability of amorphous silicon from silicon network rebonding SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN COLLISION MODEL; LIGHT-INDUCED-CHANGES; A-SI-H; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; DEFECTS AB We propose a network rebonding model for light-induced metastability in amorphous silicon, involving bonding rearrangements of silicon and hydrogen atoms. Nonradiative recombination breaks weak silicon bonds and generates dangling bond-floating bond pairs, with very low activation energies. The transient floating bonds annihilate, generating local hydrogen motion. Charged defects are also found. Support for these processes is found with tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations. The model accounts for major experimental features of the Staebler-Wronski effect including electron-spin resonance data, the t(1/3) kinetics of defect formation, two types of metastable dangling bonds, and hysteretic annealing. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Wuhan Univ, Ctr Anal & Testing, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 205502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.205502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200022 PM 12005575 ER PT J AU Bleicher, M Liu, FM Keranen, A Aichelin, J Bass, SA Becattini, F Redlich, K Werner, K AF Bleicher, M Liu, FM Keranen, A Aichelin, J Bass, SA Becattini, F Redlich, K Werner, K TI Overpopulation of (Omega)over-bar in pp collisions: A way to distinguish statistical hadronization from string dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; CANONICAL DESCRIPTION; HADRON-PRODUCTION; FREEZE-OUT; STRANGENESS; PHASE AB The (&UOmega;) over bar/Omega ratio originating from string decays is predicted to be larger than unity in proton-proton interactions at SPS energies (E-lab=160 GeV ). The antiomega dominance increases with decreasing beam energy. This surprising behavior is caused by the combinatorics of quark-antiquark production in small and low-mass strings. Since this behavior is not found in a statistical description of hadron production in proton-proton collisions, it may serve as a key observable to probe the hadronization mechanism in such collisions. C1 Univ Nantes, IN2P3,CNRS, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, Lab Phys Subatom & Technol Associees, F-44072 Nantes 03, France. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Theoret Phys, SF-90570 Oulu, Finland. Univ Florence, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Florence, Italy. CERN, Div Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Bleicher, M (reprint author), Univ Nantes, IN2P3,CNRS, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, Lab Phys Subatom & Technol Associees, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, F-44072 Nantes 03, France. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Becattini, Francesco/I-6435-2012 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 202501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.202501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200007 PM 12005560 ER PT J AU Harlander, RV Kilgore, WB AF Harlander, RV Kilgore, WB TI Next-to-next-to-leading order higgs production at hadron colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL CORRECTIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD; SOFT AB The Higgs-boson production cross section at pp and p (p) over bar colliders is calculated in QCD at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We find that the perturbative expansion of the production cross section is well behaved and that scale dependence is reduced relative to the NLO result. These findings give us confidence in the reliability of the prediction. We also report an error in the NNLO correction to Drell-Yan production. C1 CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Harlander, RV (reprint author), CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 16 TC 635 Z9 635 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 201801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.201801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200002 PM 12005555 ER PT J AU Kaufman, LJ Heo, JY Ziegler, LD Fleming, GR AF Kaufman, LJ Heo, JY Ziegler, LD Fleming, GR TI Heterodyne-detected fifth-order nonresonant Raman scattering from room temperature CS2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; POLARIZATION SELECTIVITY; INTERMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY; PLACZEK APPROXIMATION; ISOTROPIC MEDIA; ATOMIC LIQUID; 5TH ORDER; SPECTRUM AB Actively phase-locked heterodyne-detected fifth-order nonresonant Raman scattering from room temperature CS2 has been measured. The experimental signals have similar magnitudes, shapes, and sign changes as calculated responses obtained via molecular dynamics simulations [S. Saito and I. Ohmine, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 207401 (2002)]. The measured signals contain sign changes that appear to be associated with the coupling of rotational motions both to each other and to translational motions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kaufman, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 207402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.207402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200051 PM 12005604 ER PT J AU Krassig, B Kanter, EP Southworth, SH Guillemin, R Hemmers, O Lindle, DW Wehlitz, R Martin, NLS AF Krassig, B Kanter, EP Southworth, SH Guillemin, R Hemmers, O Lindle, DW Wehlitz, R Martin, NLS TI Photoexcitation of a dipole-forbidden resonance in helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; E,2E SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-IMPACT; GAS ATOMS; ENERGY; PHOTOIONIZATION; AUTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; THRESHOLD; STATES AB We have observed photoexcitation of the dipole-forbidden 1s(2) S(0)1 -->2p(2) D(2)1 resonance in helium by measuring the nondipolar forward-backward asymmetry of photoelectron angular distributions in the 2l2l' autoionizing region. By exploiting the electric dipole-quadrupole interference in the excitation of both the 2s2p P-1(1) and 2p(2) D-1(2) levels, we have observed the quadrupole resonance in photoabsorption and extracted its Fano line shape parameters and the relative phase of the 1sEp and 1sEd continua. We find the quadrupole line profile index q(2) to be markedly different from theoretical expectations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Krassig, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 203002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.203002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200009 PM 12005562 ER PT J AU Newman, DE Sanchez, R Carreras, BA Ferenbaugh, W AF Newman, DE Sanchez, R Carreras, BA Ferenbaugh, W TI Transition in the dynamics of a diffusive running sandpile SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; AVALANCHES; PLASMA; MODEL; PARADIGM; NOISE; STATE AB A running sandpile is shown to undergo a dynamical transition as diffusion is increased from zero. The transition takes place after the local diffusion has become so large as to erase the local inhomogeneities, caused by the intermittent rain of sand, before they can trigger avalanche activity. The system then undergoes an abrupt change with the self-similar structure of the dynamics being replaced with quasiperiodic, near system-size transport events. These results may have significant implications for many of the driven physical systems for which self-organized criticality based dynamical models have been proposed. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Phys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Newman, DE (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Phys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 204304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.204304 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200016 PM 12005569 ER PT J AU Schiffer, JP AF Schiffer, JP TI Melting of crystalline confined plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPERATURE; PHASE AB The melting of cold, ordered arrays of up to 10 000 charges, confined in external fields, has been studied in simulations. The latent heat associated with melting and the behavior of the specific heat were obtained, along with the spatial correlation function g(r) with respect to neighbors and the diffusion rates, both as a function of temperature. The melting temperatures of finite arrays of ions are found to be lower than that for infinite Coulombic matter, by an amount that depends on the number of charges and on the fraction of ions in the surface layer, in particular. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 205003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.205003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200020 PM 12005573 ER PT J AU Shibata, T Bunker, B Mitchell, JF Schiffer, P AF Shibata, T Bunker, B Mitchell, JF Schiffer, P TI Indications of intrinsic chemical and structural inhomogeneity in lightly doped La1-xSrxMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MANGANESE OXIDE PEROVSKITES; X-RAY; PHASE-SEPARATION; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MANGANITES; LAMNO3; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING AB X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of the Sr and La K edges of the solid solution La1-xSr xMnO3 reveal a consistent deviation from a random distribution of Sr at the La/Sr sites for xless than or similar to0.3 . Local structural disorder on the cation sublattice in the low-x samples is also observed to differ in the vicinity of the La-rich and Sr-rich clusters. The local clustering and structural disorder establish an intrinsic chemical as well as structural inhomogeneity on the nanometer scale, which may provide a mechanism for the nucleation of magnetoelectronic phase separation. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Shibata, T (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 NR 25 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 207205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.207205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200046 PM 12005599 ER PT J AU Son, DT Stephanov, MA AF Son, DT Stephanov, MA TI Pion propagation near the QCD chiral phase transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; DYNAMIC CRITICAL PHENOMENA; EQUILIBRATION; EQUATION; DENSITY; SPS AB We point out that, in analogy with spin waves in antiferromagnets, all parameters describing the real-time propagation of soft pions at temperatures below the QCD chiral phase transition can be expressed in terms of static correlators. This allows, in principle, the determination of the soft pion dispersion relation on the lattice. Using scaling and universality arguments, we determine the critical behavior of the parameters of pion propagation. We predict that, when the critical temperature is approached from below, the pole mass of the pion drops despite the growth of the pion screening mass. This fact is attributed to the decrease of the pion velocity near the phase transition. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Son, DT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 202302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.202302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200004 PM 12005557 ER PT J AU Tremaine, A Wang, XJ Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cornacchia, M Nuhn, HD Malone, R Murokh, A Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Yakimenko, V AF Tremaine, A Wang, XJ Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Cornacchia, M Nuhn, HD Malone, R Murokh, A Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Yakimenko, V TI Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic radiation from a visible self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser at saturation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; HIGH-GAIN; BEAM; GENERATION; NM AB Nonlinear harmonic radiation was observed using the VISA self-amplified, spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) at saturation. The gain lengths, spectra, and energies of the three lowest SASE FEL modes were experimentally characterized. The measured nonlinear harmonic gain lengths and center spectral wavelengths decrease with harmonic number, n , which is consistent with nonlinear harmonic theory. Both the second and third nonlinear harmonics energies are about 1% of the fundamental energy. These experimental results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of using nonlinear harmonic SASE FEL radiation to produce coherent, femtosecond x rays. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SLAC, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tremaine, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 33 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 20 AR 204801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.204801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549UY UT WOS:000175466200017 PM 12005570 ER PT J AU Tanner, RE Liang, Y Altman, EI AF Tanner, RE Liang, Y Altman, EI TI Structure and chemical reactivity of adsorbed carboxylic acids on anatase TiO2(001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; titanium oxide; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface relaxation and reconstruction ID FORMIC-ACID; TIO2(110) SURFACE; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; 001 SURFACES; ZINC-OXIDE; THIN-FILM; TIO2; DECOMPOSITION; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION AB The structure of the anatase TiO2(0 0 1) surface and its reactivity towards carboxylic acids were studied using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Following annealing in ultra-high vacuum, a (1 x 4) reconstruction developed that was visible in STM and LEED. At densest packing, a (2 x 4) overlayer of dissociated carboxylate groups was seen with STM. From the images, it was deduced that single carboxylates bind to positions centered atop (1 x 4) rows. TPD experiments revealed a range of reactivity depending on the preparation conditions. The fully oxidized anatase (0 0 1)-(1 x 4) surface bonded carboxylate groups strongly with no TPD products seen below 750 K. Surfaces that were not fully oxidized, or had been sputtered, converted formic acid to CO at 540 K and formaldehyde at 450 K. Sequential TPD experiments changed the surface activity, suppressing CO production, but not significantly affecting the sites responsible for formaldehyde production. The defective surface converted adsorbed acetate to CO at 535 K and ketene at 560 K. Sequential acetic acid TPD runs caused the reactivity towards both CO and ketene to diminish. These results are attributed to sputtering creating under-coordinated Ti4+ and Ti3+ sites that were revealed in XPS spectra and STM images. No bimolecular coupling reactions of acetic acid took place, indicating that the formaldehyde was produced via a reduction pathway. Both the location of the adsorbates and the lack of reaction products associated with fourfold coordinated Ti4+ raise doubts about current models of the (I x 4) reconstruction, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Yale Univ, Dept Chem Engn, POB 208286, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM eric.altman@yale.edu NR 44 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 5 U2 76 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 506 IS 3 BP 251 EP 271 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01388-2 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01388-2 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 560NW UT WOS:000176089000012 ER PT J AU Arenz, M Stamenkovic, V Schmidt, TJ Wandelt, K Ross, PN Markovic, NM AF Arenz, M Stamenkovic, V Schmidt, TJ Wandelt, K Ross, PN Markovic, NM TI CO adsorption and kinetics on well-characterized Pd films on Pt(111) in alkaline solutions SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrochemical methods; reflection spectroscopy; metal-electrolyte interfaces; adsorption kinetics; carbon monoxide; platinum; palladium ID REFLECTION-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; IRREVERSIBLY ADSORBED PALLADIUM; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SURFACE ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CHEMISORPTION PROPERTIES; ELECTRODE SURFACE; AU(111) ELECTRODE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ULTRATHIN AB The electrochemistry of CO on a bare Pt(1 1 1) electrode as well as a Pt(l 11) electrode modified with pseudomorphic thin palladium films has been studied in alkaline solution by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. First Pd films were prepared and well characterized in ultra high vacuum and subsequently transferred into the electrochemical cell for the registration of the voltammetric profiles. The charge corresponding to the formation of underpotentially deposited hydrogen (H-upd) On these Pt(1 1 1)-xPd surfaces was established in sulfuric acid solution as a function of x (0 less than or equal to, x less than or equal to 1 Pd monolayer (ML)). All subsequent measurements were then performed on electrochemically deposited palladium films using the above H-upd charge vs. Pd coverage relationship to evaluate the amount of electrochemically deposited palladium. FTIR spectra for CO adsorbed on 1 ML and a submonolayer coverage are compared to those of the unmodified Pt(I 11) surface, all surfaces having identical 2D lattice structures. Infrared absorption bands of CO bound on either Pt(l 11) or Pt(1 1 1)-1 ML Pd are clearly distinguished. Spectra of CO adsorbed on Pd submonolayers show characteristic features of both CO bound to Pt and to Pd, indicating that on Pt(1 1 1)-xPd surfaces there is no coupling between Pt-COad and Pd-COad molecules. The kinetics of CO oxidation on these surfaces is determined either by rotating disk electrode measurements or by FTIR spectroscopy, monitoring the CO32- production. The oxidation Of COad on Pt(1 1 1) and on Pd modified platinum surfaces starts at the same potential, at approximate to 0.2 V. The oxidation rate is, however, considerably lower on the Pt(1 1 1)-xPd surfaces than on the Pt(1 1 1) surface. The kinetics of CO oxidation appears to be determined by the nature of adsorbed hydroxyl anions (OHad), which are more strongly (less active) adsorbed on the highly oxophilic Pd atoms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arenz, M (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Wegelerstr 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010; Arenz, Matthias/C-7385-2009; Arenz, Matthias/C-3195-2016 OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X; Arenz, Matthias/0000-0001-9765-4315; Arenz, Matthias/0000-0001-9765-4315 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 506 IS 3 BP 287 EP 296 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01423-1 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)01423-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 560NW UT WOS:000176089000014 ER PT J AU Lu, ZY Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Lu, ZY Wang, CZ Ho, KM TI Mixed SiGe ad-dimer on Si(001): diffusion triggers intermixing SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density functional calculations; scanning tunneling microscopy; diffusion and migration; silicon; low index single crystal surfaces ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(100) SURFACE; HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH; ELECTRON-GAS; GE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; NUCLEATION; ENERGETICS; DYNAMICS; BINDING AB Recent experiment discovered an interesting reversible intermixing process involving the exchange of the Ge atom in an adsorbed SiGe dimer with a substrate Si atom on the Si(001) surface [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 3660]. We have performed first-principles total energy calculations to study the atomistic mechanisms of diffusion and intermixing in this system. Our calculation suggests that intermixing is triggered by the diffusion of the ad-dimer on the surface. The energy barriers for the diffusion and intermixing events obtained from our calculations are in good agreement with experiment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM luzy@mailaps.org; wangcz@ameslab.gov RI 上官, 敏慧/E-8964-2012 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 506 IS 3 BP L282 EP L286 AR PII S0039-6028(02)01496-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 560NW UT WOS:000176089000002 ER PT J AU Robyr, D Suka, Y Xenarios, I Kurdistani, SK Wang, A Suka, N Grunstein, M AF Robyr, D Suka, Y Xenarios, I Kurdistani, SK Wang, A Suka, N Grunstein, M TI Microarray deacetylation maps determine genome-wide functions for yeast histone deacetylases SO CELL LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RPD3; REPLICATION; HETEROCHROMATIN; ACETYLATION; EXPRESSION; REPRESSION; COMPLEX; SIR2; SITE AB Yeast contains a family of five related histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose functions are known at few genes. Therefore, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation and intergenic microarrays to generate genome-wide HDAC enzyme activity maps. Rpd3 and Hda1 deacetylate mainly distinct promoters and gene classes where they are recruited largely by novel mechanisms. Hda1 also deacetylates subtelomeric domains containing normally repressed genes that are used instead for gluconeogenesis, growth on carbon sources other than glucose, and adverse growth conditions. These domains have certain features of heterochromatin but are distinct from subtelomeric heterochromatin repressed by the deacetylase Sir2. Finally, Hos1/Hos3 and Hos2 preferentially affect ribosomal DNA and ribosomal protein genes, respectively. Thus, acetylation microarrays uncover the "division of labor" for yeast histone deacetylases. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Grunstein, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Kurdistani, Siavash/0000-0003-3295-3511; Xenarios, Ioannis/0000-0002-3413-6841 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM23674, GM42421] NR 36 TC 325 Z9 334 U1 1 U2 16 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 109 IS 4 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00746-8 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 553VM UT WOS:000175696800006 PM 12086601 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Bartels, DM Cline, JA Jonah, CD AF Takahashi, K Bartels, DM Cline, JA Jonah, CD TI Reaction rates of the hydrated electron with NO2-, NO3-, and hydronium ions as a function of temperature from 125 to 380 degrees C SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLOW-THROUGH CELL; SUPERCRITICAL WATER; RATE CONSTANTS; CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION; EQUILIBRIUM; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN AB Reaction rates were measured for the reaction of the hydrated electron with sodium nitrate. sodium nitrite. and perchloric acid using pulse radiolysis/transient absorption at temperatures Lip to 380 degreesC. For nitrate and nitrite, the rates increase as the temperature increases. reach a maximum around 125-200 degreesC and then decrease. Above 350 degreesC the rates increase again sharply. The perchloric acid rates strongly increase between 250 and 350 degreesC, and decrease sharply at 380 degreesC. We interpret the unusual rate behavior at supercritical temperatures in terms of ion pairing, which eliminates coulombic attraction/repulsion between the reactants. (C) 2002 Published by ElSevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. RP Jonah, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Takahashi, Kenji/C-8846-2011; Takahashi, Kenji/F-4885-2014 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 5-6 BP 358 EP 364 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00549-3 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00549-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 558GX UT WOS:000175958900006 ER PT J AU Li, X Zhai, HJ Wang, LS AF Li, X Zhai, HJ Wang, LS TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of pentaatomic tetracoordinate planar carbon molecules: CAl3Si- and CAl3Ge- SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; COMPLEXES; STABILIZATION; CLUSTERS AB We report a temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy study of CAl3Si- and CAl3Ge-, the first penta-atomic planar-carbon molecules characterized in both their anionic and neutral states, Significantly improved spectra were obtained under cold experimental conditions, allowing us to determine the electron affinities of CAl3Si (2.77 eV) and CAl3Ge (2.70 eV) for the first time. Three photon energies were used and the 193-nm spectra revealed two additional detachment features, allowing a total of six detachment channels to be observed for each anion. The measured vertical detachment energies and electron affinities were compared with the previous theoretical predictions, and excellent agreement was observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 5-6 BP 415 EP 419 AR PII S0009-2614(02)0048808 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00488-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 558GX UT WOS:000175958900015 ER PT J AU Itahana, K Dimri, GP Hara, E Itahana, Y Zou, Y Desprez, PY Campisi, J AF Itahana, K Dimri, GP Hara, E Itahana, Y Zou, Y Desprez, PY Campisi, J TI A role for p53 in maintaining and establishing the quiescence growth arrest in human cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-DIPLOID FIBROBLASTS; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; SENESCENT HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; DEVELOPMENTAL NEURON DEATH; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; DNA-DAMAGE; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; SIMIAN VIRUS-40 AB The p53 tumor suppressor protein induces transient growth arrest or apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress and mediates the irreversible growth arrest of cellular senescence. We present evidence here that p53 also contributes to the reversible, growth factor-dependent arrest of quiescence (G(o)). Microinjection of expression vectors encoding either MDM2 or a pRb-binding mutant of SV40 T antigen, both of which abrogate p53 function, stimulated quiescent normal human fibroblasts to initiate DNA synthesis and were 40-70% as effective as wild-type T antigen. Electrophoretic mobility shift and p53 transactivation assays showed that p53 activity was higher in quiescent and senescent cells compared with proliferating cells. As proliferating cells entered Go after growth factor withdrawal, the p53 mRNA level increased, followed by transient accumulation of the protein. Shortly thereafter, the expression (mRNA and protein) of p21, a p53 target gene and effector of cell cycle arrest, increased. Finally, stable expression of the HPV16 E6 oncogene or dominant negative p53 peptide, GSE-22, both of which inhibit p53 function, delayed entry into quiescence following growth factor withdrawal. Our data indicate that p53 is activated during both quiescence and senescence. They further suggest that p53 activity contributes, albeit not exclusively, to the quiescent growth arrest. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Paterson Inst Canc Res, Manchester M20 4BX, Lancs, England. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Itahana, Koji/J-5505-2013 OI Itahana, Koji/0000-0002-7241-2894 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA82548]; NIA NIH HHS [AG09909] NR 61 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 20 BP 18206 EP 18214 DI 10.1074/jbc.M201028200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 553PR UT WOS:000175685100103 PM 11880381 ER PT J AU Hu, WZ Hasebe, K Tanaka, K Fritz, JS AF Hu, WZ Hasebe, K Tanaka, K Fritz, JS TI Determination of total acidity and of divalent cations by ion chromatography with n-hexadecylphosphocholine as the stationary phase SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Ion Chromatography Symposium (IICS) CY SEP 09-12, 2001 CL OAK BROOK, ILLINOIS DE acidity; stationary phases, LC; zwitterion chromatography; ion chromatography; organic acids; hydrochloric acid; sodium iodide; metal cations; hexadecylphosphocholine ID MOBILE-PHASE; BEHAVIORS; ANIONS; WATER AB An ion chromatographic (IC) method is reported for simultaneous determination of total acidity (H+), Ba2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in aqueous samples. A standard ODS silica column modified by coating with n-hexadecylphosphocholine was used as the separation column. Water alone was used as the eluent, with conductivity detection of the sample ions. An excess of sodium iodide was added to each sample so that both H+ and divalent cations were always eluted with iodide as the counterion. The elution order was Ba2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and H+ with H' being eluted much later than the divalent cations. Acetic acid and several other weak acids could also be separated because all the protons were transposed from acetic acid (HAc) to HI by the sodium iodide. Detection limits for 100 mul injection, S/N=3 were in the low micromolar range for the divalent cations and approximately 0.3 mM for H+/I-. This method was used successfully for simultaneous determination of total acidity, magnesium and calcium in HCl-type of hot-spring water. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Chem, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Mat Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Seto 4890884, Japan. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 332 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 956 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 145 AR PII S0021-9673(02)00040-7 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00040-7 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 567LR UT WOS:000176486700019 PM 12108644 ER PT J AU Marcinow, Z Grove, DI Rabideau, PW AF Marcinow, Z Grove, DI Rabideau, PW TI Synthesis of a new C32H12 bowl-shaped aromatic hydrocarbon: Acenaphtho[3,2,1,8-ijklm]diindeno[4,3,2,1-cdef : 1 ',2 ',3 ',4 '-pqra]triphenylene SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORANNULENE; BUCKYBOWLS AB The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of 1,2-bis(2-bromophenyl)-4,9-dibromocorannulene leads to a new C32H12 buckybowl. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Marcinow, Z (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 10 BP 3537 EP 3539 DI 10.1021/jo025645r PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 552DB UT WOS:000175602300055 PM 12003576 ER PT J AU Gunter, DO Kaper, HG Leaf, GK AF Gunter, DO Kaper, HG Leaf, GK TI Implicit integration of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations of superconductivity SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article ID VORTEX; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB This article is concerned with the integration of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equations of superconductivity. Four algorithms, ranging from fully explicit to nonlinearly implicit, are presented and evaluated for stability, accuracy, and compute time. The benchmark problem for the evaluation is the equilibration of a vortex configuration in a superconductor that is embedded in a thin insulator and subject to an applied magnetic field. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gunter, DO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1943 EP 1958 AR PII S1064827500375473 DI 10.1137/S1064827500375473 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 555TX UT WOS:000175810300007 ER PT J AU Stathopoulos, A Wu, KS AF Stathopoulos, A Wu, KS TI A block orthogonalization procedure with constant synchronization requirements SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Gram-Schmidt; orthogonalization; Householder; QR factorization; singular value; decomposition Poincare ID GRAM-SCHMIDT ORTHOGONALIZATION; LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBPROGRAMS; ALGORITHMS; SET AB First, we consider the problem of orthonormalizing skinny (long) matrices. We propose an alternative orthonormalization method that computes the orthonormal basis from the right singular vectors of a matrix. Its advantages are that (a) all operations are matrix-matrix multiplications and thus cache efficient, (b) only one synchronization point is required in parallel implementations, and (c) it is typically more stable than classical Gram Schmidt (GS). Second, we consider the problem of orthonormalizing a block of vectors against a previously orthonormal set of vectors and among itself. We solve this problem by alternating iteratively between a phase of GS and a phase of the new method. We provide error analysis and use it to derive bounds on how accurately the two successive orthonormalization phases should be performed to minimize total work performed. Our experiments confirm the favorable numerical behavior of the new method and its effectiveness on modern parallel computers. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Comp Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stathopoulos, A (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Comp Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2165 EP 2182 AR PII S1064827500370883 DI 10.1137/S1064827500370883 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 555TX UT WOS:000175810300017 ER PT J AU Henning, RW Corbett, JD AF Henning, RW Corbett, JD TI Novel oxidation of RbGa3 through substitution of gold for gallium - a reapportionment of the dodecahedral clusters SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Zintl phases; chemical synthesis; crystal structure; electronic band structure; X-ray diffraction ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPOUND; SODIUM; PHASE; METALS AB Exploratory syntheses in the rubidium-gallium-late transition metal systems have revealed a family of nonstoichiometric compounds are formed in RbGa3-xM, systems (M=Cu, Ag and Au) that remain isostructural with RbGa3, (1 (4) over bar m2). Only the RbGa3-xAux products could be obtained in high yields, and these have been structurally defined for x=0.26(1) and 0.36(2) (saturation). Gold substitutes unequally on all three gallium positions in the structure of RbGa3, the anion of which consists of layers of interlinked Ga-g dodecahedral clusters plus 4-bonded gallium spacers between the layers. The effects of the oxidation of the structure by Au are well focused on a 0.19 Angstrom elongation of a short, evidently pi-bond at the 4 extremes of the Ga-8. dodecahedron between x=0 and x=0.36. Extended Hackel band calculations on the anion network provide insights into the distortion, which evidently reflects an unequal electron distribution of the bonding states in a deltahedron made of two types of cluster atoms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BV. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 12 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00175-5 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00175-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557AZ UT WOS:000175886300003 ER PT J AU Miao, XY Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Miao, XY Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Effects of annealing temperature and time on the electrical resistivity of single crystal RNi2B2C (R = Gd-Lu, Y SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE superconductor; magnetically ordered materials; intermetallics; electronic transport ID METAMAGNETIC TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; LA-ND; STATE; LU(NI1-XCOX)(2)B2C; ANISOTROPY; GDNI2B2C; TBNI2B2C; SM AB An optimal annealing temperature and time was determined for single crystal samples of the RNi2B2C series, R=Gd-Lu, Y. For R=Dy-Tm, Lu and Y dramatic improvements in the low temperature resistivity, residual resistivity ratio and implicitly the electronic mean free path were found for annealing temperature T=1000 degreesC and annealing time t approximate to 75-100 h. This annealing schedule is somewhat less effective in changing the temperature dependent resistivities of TbNi2B2C and GdNi2B2C but it produces dramatic changes in the resistivity of the heavy Fermion compound YbNi2B2C. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B V All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Canfield, PC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 19 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00176-7 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00176-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557AZ UT WOS:000175886300004 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, DA Pecharsky, VK Schindler, CE AF Pecharsky, AO Gschneidner, DA Pecharsky, VK Schindler, CE TI The room temperature metastable/stable phase relationships in the pseudo-binary Gd5Si4-Gd5Ge4 system SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE gadolinium-germanium-silicon alloy; phase diagram; crystallography; magnetic ordering temperature; magnetic phase diagram ID MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION; HEAT-CAPACITY; GD-5(SI1.8GE2.2); GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION AB The phase relationships, crystallography and magnetic phase diagram of the pseudo-binary Gd5Si4-Gd5Ge4 system in the as-cast state is described. Three extended solid solution regions were confirmed: the Si-rich alloys which have the orthorhombic Gd5Si4-type structure, the intermediate region alloys with the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure and the Ge-rich alloys which have the orthorhombic Sm5Ge4-type structure. The sample preparation techniques and the methods used for determining the phase purity of the alloys are also discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, DA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, 255 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 133 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 135 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00226-8 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00226-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557AZ UT WOS:000175886300023 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ Margulies, L Goldman, AI Lee, PL AF Kramer, MJ Margulies, L Goldman, AI Lee, PL TI Measuring crystal structure dynamics during polymorphic phase transitions SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; synchrotron sources; phase transitions AB Understanding solid state transformations and associated changes in crystal chemistry is a crucial endeavor in materials science and mineralogy. It has been demonstrated that time resolved high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) is a powerful tool to investigate the details of the kinetics of phase transitions. The high photon flux at third generation synchrotron sources is capable of producing XRD patterns, amenable to Rietveld refinement, in only a few seconds providing not only kinetic information on a par with thermal analysis but crystal structure information as well. The onset of the transformation on heating at 928 degreesC, cooling at 900 degreesC and an Avarmi exponent of 4.03, all determined by HTXRD for a thermal standard SrCO3, are well within reported values. However, the lattice parameters of the high temperature phase show highly hysteric behavior on heating and cooling due to epitaxial growth. The role of epitaxy is also demonstrated in a displacive first order phase transition involving TiRh. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, 37 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 241 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00236-0 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00236-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557AZ UT WOS:000175886300034 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Harmon, BN AF Lee, Y Harmon, BN TI First principles calculation of elastic properties of AlMgB14 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE borides; elastic properties; energy hand structure; hardness ID SUPERHARD MATERIALS AB We have calculated the electronic Structure and elastic properties of AIM,,B,, for which, with small chemical modification, Ultra hardness was reported recently. The calculated density of states and elastic constants are presented. Additionally, we have calculated the elastic anisotropy and elastic wave velocity. Together with the measured hardness, the calculated shear modulus is consistent with the empirical proportionality observed between shear moduli and microhardness. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Harmon, BN (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 242 EP 247 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00237-2 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00237-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557AZ UT WOS:000175886300035 ER PT J AU Heinzig, M Jenks, CJ Van Hove, M Fisher, I Canfield, PC Thiel, PA AF Heinzig, M Jenks, CJ Van Hove, M Fisher, I Canfield, PC Thiel, PA TI Surface preparation and characterization of the icosahedral Al-Ga-Pd-Mn quasicrystal SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE intermetallics; quasicrystals; Auger electron spectroscopy; low-energy electron diffraction; surfaccs ID ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; QUASI-CRYSTALS; FIVEFOLD SURFACE; AL68PD23MN9; LEED; AL70PD21MN9; GROWTH; ALPDMN; METALS; STM AB Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) provide basic information about the structure and composition of the 5-fold surface of the quaternary quasicrystal, icosahedral Al67Ga4Pd21Mn8. Surface preparation techniques established previously for two of the icosahedral ternary alloys, Al-Pd-Mn and Al-Cu-Fe, appear to be similarly effective for Al-Ga-Pd-Mn. After annealing in the range 600-950 K the surface concentration of Ga is constant and low. After annealing in the range 900-950 K, a good LEED pattern is obtained. LEED indicates that Ga changes the surface structure significantly. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thiel, PA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Phys & Astron, Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM thiel@ameslab.gov RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 338 IS 1-2 BP 248 EP 252 AR PII S0925-8388(02)00238-4 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00238-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 557AZ UT WOS:000175886300036 ER PT J AU Tarasov, VF Shkrob, IA Trifunac, AD AF Tarasov, VF Shkrob, IA Trifunac, AD TI Spin-polarized nitroxide radicals in organic glasses SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; EXCITED TRIPLET-STATES; QUANTUM INFORMATION; DOUBLET STATE; PAIR; COMPUTATION; CIDEP; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; ENTANGLEMENT; BENZOQUINONE AB Nonequilibrium spin polarization formed in a stable nitroxide radical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (Tempo) due to the occurrence of Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization (CIDEP) in photoexcited molecular complexes of this radical with 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthaquinone, 9,10-anthraquinone, and their derivatives is observed. These complexes occur spontaneously in low-temperature organic glasses (20-70 K) upon freezing the concentrated liquid solutions. The emissive net polarization in the nitroxide radical is observed 0.1-10 mus after the photoexcitation of the p-quinone moiety. No degradation of the polarized magnetic resonance signal from Tempo after > 10(4) excitation cycles was observed. This spin polarization is shown to be mainly due to a polarization transfer from the lowest triplet state of the p-quinone. This transfer is driven by the electron spin exchange interaction between the nitroxide radical and the triplet p-quinone; it occurs simultaneously with a spin-selective electronic relaxation of the photoexcited complex. The resulting mechanism combines the features of the electron spin polarization transfer (ESPT) and radical-triplet pair mechanisms (RTPM) in liquid. A theoretical model of such a mechanism is suggested. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tarasov, VF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 BP 4838 EP 4845 DI 10.1021/jp014406p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 552CQ UT WOS:000175601000007 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ Raffy, C AF Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ Raffy, C TI Solution of some one- and two-dimensional master equation models for thermal dissociation: The dissociation of methane in the low-pressure limit SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED MOLECULES; SELECTIVE IONIZATION KCSI; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; TRANSFER PROBABILITIES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; CH4 DISSOCIATION AB Using three formulations of the master equation (ME), we have investigated theoretically the dissociation of methane in the low-pressure limit. The three forms of the ME are as follows: (1) A one-dimensional model in which E, the total energy, is the independent variable (the E model). (2) The two-dimensional strong-collision-in-J model of Smith and Gilbert (Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 1988, 20, 307-329) in which e, the energy in the active degrees of freedom, and J, the total angular momentum quantum number, are the independent variables (the epsilon,J model). (3) A two-dimensional variant of the e,J model in which E and J are the independent variables (the E,J model). The third form of the ME is the most physically realistic, and for this model we investigate the dependence of values of the energy transfer moments ((DeltaE(d)), - (DeltaE), and (DeltaE(2))(1/2)) deduced from experiment on assumed forms of the energy transfer function, P(E,E'), and on temperature. All three moments increase as the temperature rises; -(DeltaE) increases from 20-25 cm(-1) at 300 K to 110-120 cm-1 at 4000 K. The variation in the energy transfer moments with the form of P(E,E') depends on the particular moment and the temperature, but generally the variation is not greater than 25%. For the same input to the models, the E and E,J models give similar values of the rate coefficient at high temperature, implying that the rotational degrees of freedom behave increasingly as if they are active as temperature is increased. For T > 3000 K, the dissociation perturbs the equilibrium energy distribution of the molecule so much that the detailed-balance condition begins to fail; i.e., k(0)(T)/k(r)(T) not equal K-eq(T), where k(0)(T) and k(r)(T) are the dissociation and recombination rate coefficients and K-eq(T) is the equilibrium constant. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, F-38031 Grenoble, France. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 48 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 BP 4904 EP 4913 DI 10.1021/jp0144698 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 552CQ UT WOS:000175601000016 ER PT J AU Haseyama, T Asahi, K Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Funahashi, H Ishimoto, S Jones, G Masaike, A Masuda, Y Matsuda, Y Morimoto, K Muto, S Penttila, SI Pomeroy, VR Sakai, K Sharapov, EI Smith, DA Yuan, VW AF Haseyama, T Asahi, K Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Funahashi, H Ishimoto, S Jones, G Masaike, A Masuda, Y Matsuda, Y Morimoto, K Muto, S Penttila, SI Pomeroy, VR Sakai, K Sharapov, EI Smith, DA Yuan, VW TI Measurement of parity-nonconserving rotation of neutron spin in the 0.734-eV p-wave resonance of La-139 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID VIOLATION AB The parity nonconserving spin rotation of neutrons in the 0.734-eV p-wave resonance of La-139 was measured with the neutron transmission method. Two optically polarized He-3 cells were used before and behind a 5-cm long La-139 target, each as a polarizer and an analyzer for neutron spin. The rotation angle was carefully measured by flipping the direction of He-3 polarization in the polarizer in sequence. The peak-to-peak value of the spin rotation was determined to be (7.4+/-1.1) x 10(-3) rad/cm. The result is found to be consistent with the previous experiments, but the result was statistically improved. The s-p mixing model gives the weak matrix element as xW = (1.71+/-0.25) meV. The value agrees well with the one deduced from the parity-nonconserving longitudinal asymmetry in the same resonance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Haseyama, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Nucl Sci Res Facil, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 534 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 44 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01720-3 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01720-3 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 557LD UT WOS:000175909300005 ER PT J AU Barenboim, G Borissov, L Lykken, J AF Barenboim, G Borissov, L Lykken, J TI Neutrinos that violate CPT, and the experiments that love them SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Recently we proposed a framework for explaining the observed evidence for neutrino oscillations without enlarging the neutrino sector, by introducing CPT-violating Dirac masses for the neutrinos, In this Letter we continue the exploration of the phenomenology of CPT violation in the neutrino sector. We show that our CPT-violating model fits the existing SuperKariokande data at least as well as the standard atmospheric neutrino oscillation models, We discuss the challenge of measuring CP violation in a neutrino sector that also violates CPT. We point out that the proposed off-axis extension of MINOS looks especially promising in this regard. Finally. we describe a method to compute CPT-violating neutrino effects by mocking them LIP with analog matter effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Barenboim, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 534 IS 1-4 BP 106 EP 113 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01597-6 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 557LD UT WOS:000175909300016 ER PT J AU Dimopoulos, S Kaplan, DE Weiner, N AF Dimopoulos, S Kaplan, DE Weiner, N TI Electroweak unification into a five-dimensional SU(3) at a TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; BREAKING; SUPERSYMMETRY; MASSES; GUT AB We apply a recently proposed mechanism for predicting the weak mixing angle to theories with TeV-size dimensions, of the associated moose (or quiver) leads to theories which unify the electroweak forces into a five-dimensional SU(3) symmetry. Quarks live at an orbifold fixed point where SU(3) breaks to the electroweak group. A variety of theories-all sharing the same successful prediction of sn(2) theta(w)-emerges they differ primarily by the spatial location of the leptons mid the absence or presence of supersymmetry. A particularly interesting theory puts leptons in a Konopinski-Mahmoud triplet and suppresses proton decay by placing quarks and leptons on opposite fixed points. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dimopoulos, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 534 IS 1-4 BP 124 EP 130 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01594-0 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01594-0 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 557LD UT WOS:000175909300019 ER PT J AU Borisov, OV Goshe, MB Conrads, TP Rakov, VS Veenstra, TD Smith, RD AF Borisov, OV Goshe, MB Conrads, TP Rakov, VS Veenstra, TD Smith, RD TI Low-energy collision-induced dissociation fragmentation analysis of cysteinyl-modified peptides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE CLEAVAGE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PROTEOME ANALYSIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB The development of methods to chemically modify and isolate cysteinyl-residue-containing peptides (Cys-peptides) for LC-MS/MS analysis has generated considerable interest in the field of proteomics. Methods using isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT) and (+)-biotinyl-iodoacetamidyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamine (iodoacetyl-PEO-biotin) employ similar Cys-modifying reagents that contain a thiolate-specific biotin group to modify and isolate Cys-containing peptides in conjunction with immobilized avidin. For these strategies to be effective on a proteome-wide level, the presence of the ICAT or acetyl-PEO-biotin tag should not interfere with the efficiency of induced dissociation in MS/MS experiments or with the identification of the modified Cys-peptides by automated database searching algorithms. We have compared the collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation patterns of peptides labeled with iodoacetyl-PEO-biotin and the ICAT reagent to those of the unmodified peptides. CID of Cys-peptides modified with either reagent resulted in the formation of ions attributed to the modified Cys-peptides as well as those unique to the labeling reagent. As demonstrated by analyzing acetyl-PEO-biotin labeled peptides from ribonuclease A and the ICAT-labeled proteome of Deinococcus radiodurans, the presence of these label-specific product ions provides a useful identifier to discern whether a peptide has been modified with the Cys-specific reagent, especially when a number of peptides analyzed using these methods do not contain a modified Cys residue, and to differentiate identical Cys-peptides labeled with either ICAT-d(0) or ICAT-d(s). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Veenstra, TD (reprint author), NCI, Biomed Proteom Program, Analyt Chem Lab, POB B, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86340, CA93306] NR 26 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 10 BP 2284 EP 2292 DI 10.1021/ac010974p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 553EE UT WOS:000175662100008 PM 12038753 ER PT J AU Keating, GN Geissman, JW Zyvoloski, GA AF Keating, GN Geissman, JW Zyvoloski, GA TI Multiphase modeling of contact metamorphic systems and application to transitional geomagnetic fields SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE numerical models; contact metamorphism; geomagnetism; reversals; paleomagnetism; unsaturated zone ID SOUTHERN NEVADA; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; REVERSAL; SIMULATION AB We present a numerical model that improves our capability to simulate multiphase, non-isothermal flow in variably saturated porous and fractured media at magmatic temperatures and shallow crustal pressures. Simulations of heat and fluid flow in variably saturated host rock near a magmatic intrusion provide insight into contact metamorphic processes, including dryout, condensation, and resaturation effects and implications for host-rock alteration. The numerical code. an enhanced version of FEHM, uses a finite-element/finite-volume technique incorporating implicit Newton-Raphson iteration to solve non-linear conservation equations for mass and energy. using thermodynamic properties of water and air in the ranges 10degreesCless than or equal toTless than or equal to1500degreesC, 0.00123less than or equal toPless than or equal to1000 MPa and 10degreesCless than or equal toTless than or equal to1500degreesC, 0.00123Pless than or equal to22 MPa. respectively. The study area is located at Paiute Ridge, eastern Nevada Test Site, Nevada. USA. where hypabyssal mafic intrusions were emplaced at about 8.5-8.6 Ma (Ar/Ar age estimate) and cooled contemporaneously with part of a geomagnetic field reversal. inferred from paleomagnetic data from over 100 sites in intrusions and remagnetized host ash-flow tuffs. We used a radial model of heat flow and multiphase pore fluid flow adjacent to a 1200degreesC intrusion to characterize the thermal evolution of the contact metamorphic system. For likely initial pore saturations of 0.4-0.6. an expanding dryout zone near the intrusion and a condensation zone of enhanced saturation (Sless than or equal to0.8) extends 150-400 m from the intrusion. Host-rock temperatures reach 800degreesC near the contact and cool below 100degreesC within 2000 yr after emplacement, two to four times faster than predicted by. a simple conduction model. The thermal history of the system is verb sensitive to initial saturation. The multiphase thermal model allows bounds to be placed on the rate of change of the transitional part of the geomagnetic field during the field reversal recorded at Paiute Ridge. We assume that magnetization acquisition took place during the life of the thermal system that developed in the intrusions and contact rocks and that the paleomagnetic data provide a quasicontinuous record of the transitional part of the reversal. Sites in intrusions and thermally annealed ash-flow tuffs reveal subtle yet systematic variations in paleomagnetic directions. We combine the directional data with robust thermal (temperature/time) models to estimate the rate of change of the geomagnetic field. Modeled times of 140-290 yr and 215-440 yr for the duration of magnetization acquisition at two different sites correspond to estimated rates of change of 0.06-0.13degrees/yr for the field during the transitional part of the reversal. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Keating, GN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 198 IS 3-4 BP 429 EP 448 AR PII S0012-821X(02)00487-9 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00487-9 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 555RX UT WOS:000175808000014 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SB Ugarte, DGDL Garten, CT Lynd, LR Sanderson, MA Tolbert, VR Wolf, DD AF McLaughlin, SB Ugarte, DGDL Garten, CT Lynd, LR Sanderson, MA Tolbert, VR Wolf, DD TI High-value renewable energy from prairie grasses SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSIC BIOMASS; FUEL ETHANOL; CARBON; SWITCHGRASS; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB Projected economic benefits of renewable energy derived from a native prairie grass, switchgrass, include nonmarket values that can reduce net fuel costs to near zero. At a farm gate price of $44.00/dry Mg, an agricultural sector model predicts higher profits for switchgrass than conventional crops on 16,9 million hectares (ha). Benefits would include an annual increase of $6 billion in net farm returns, a $1.86 billion reduction in government subsidies, and displacement of 44159 Tg/year (1 Tg = 10(12) g) of greenhouse gas emissions. Incorporating these values into the pricing structure for switchgrass bioenergy could accelerate commercialization and provide net benefits to the U.S. economy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Policy Anal Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP McLaughlin, SB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013 OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X NR 42 TC 172 Z9 177 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2122 EP 2129 DI 10.1021/es010963d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AN UT WOS:000175653500003 PM 12038820 ER PT J AU Song, DL Conrad, ME Sorenson, KS Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Song, DL Conrad, ME Sorenson, KS Alvarez-Cohen, L TI Stable carbon isotope fractionation during enhanced in situ bioremediation of trichloroethene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; NATURAL ATTENUATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; VINYL-CHLORIDE; TETRACHLOROETHENE; HYDROCARBONS; CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE AB Time-series stable carbon isotope monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's (INEEL) field site Test Area North (TAN) was conducted during a pilot study to investigate the treatment potential of using lactate to stimulate in situ biologic reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE). The isotope ratios of TCE and its biodegradation by products, cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE), trans-dichloroethene (t-DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene, in groundwater samples collected during the pilot study were preconcentrated with a combination of purge-and-trap and cryogenic techniques in order to allow for reproducible isotopic measurements of the low concentrations of these compounds in the samples (down to 0.04 muM, or 5 ppb, of TCE). Compound-specific stable isotope monitoring of chlorinated solvents clearly differentiated between the effects of groundwater transport, dissolution of DNAPL at the source, and enhanced bioremediation. Isotope data from all wells within the zone of lactate influence exhibited large kinetic isotope effects during the reduction of c-DCE to VC and VC to ethene. Despite these large effects, the carbon isotope ratio of ethene in all these wells reached the carbon isotope ratios of the initial dissolved TCE, confirming the complete conversion of dissolved TCE to ethene. Conversely, the carbon isotope ratios of t-DCE were only marginally affected during the study, indicating that minimal biologic degradation of t-DCE was occurring. C1 Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. N Wind Environm Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 631 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES04705] NR 34 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2262 EP 2268 DI 10.1021/es011162d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AN UT WOS:000175653500022 PM 12038839 ER PT J AU LaViolette, RA Redden, GD AF LaViolette, RA Redden, GD TI Comment on "modeling the mass-action expression for bidentate adsorption" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID GOETHITE; PH C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP LaViolette, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2279 EP 2280 DI 10.1021/es0206137 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AN UT WOS:000175653500025 PM 12038842 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Imre, D Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J Rudolph, J AF Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Imre, D Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Springston, SR Weinstein-Lloyd, J Rudolph, J TI Ozone production rate and hydrocarbon reactivity in 5 urban areas: A cause of high ozone concentration in Houston SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SENSITIVITY; TENNESSEE AB [1] Observations of ozone (O-3) and O-3 precursors taken from aircraft flights over Houston, TX, Nashville, TN; New York, NY; Phoenix, AZ, and Philadelphia, PA show that high concentrations of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Houston atmosphere lead to calculated O-3 production rates that are 2 to 5 times higher than in the other 4 cities even though NOx concentrations are comparable. Within the Houston metropolitan area, concentrations of VOCs and O-3 production rates are highest in the Ship Channel region; the location of one of the largest petrochemical complexes in the world. As a consequence the concentration of O-3 in the Houston metropolitan area has recently exceeded 250 ppb, the highest value observed in the U. S within the past 5 years. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Old Westbury, Dept Chem Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. York Univ, Dept Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Res, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1467 DI 10.1029/2001GL014569 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300039 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Wu, L Gallimore, R Jacob, R AF Liu, Z Wu, L Gallimore, R Jacob, R TI Search for the origins of Pacific decadal climate variability SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE tropical decadal mode; North Pacific decadal mode; extratropical/tropical interaction ID NORTH PACIFIC; ENSO; OSCILLATION; AMERICA AB [1] The origin of Pacific decadal climate variability is investigated in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. The impact of regional ocean-atmosphere coupling and oceanic teleconnection on decadal variability is evaluated by performing a set of specifically designed experiments. It is found that decadal variability in the tropical and North Pacific originates predominantly from local coupled ocean-atmosphere processes within the tropical and North Pacific region, respecively. Furthermore, tropical Pacific decadal variability appears to be associated with higher baroclinic modes and can be enhanced substantially by extratropical-tropical oceanic teleconnection. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climate Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jacob, Robert/D-2580-2011 OI Jacob, Robert/0000-0002-9444-6593 NR 16 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1404 DI 10.1029/2001GL013735 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300102 ER PT J AU Morrill, J Bucsela, E Siefring, C Heavner, M Berg, S Moudry, D Slinker, S Fernsler, R Wescott, E Sentman, D Osborne, D AF Morrill, J Bucsela, E Siefring, C Heavner, M Berg, S Moudry, D Slinker, S Fernsler, R Wescott, E Sentman, D Osborne, D TI Electron energy and electric field estimates in sprites derived from ionized and neutral N-2 emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; IONIZATION; ELVES AB [1] During the EXL98 aircraft mission, sprites and blue jets were observed by narrow band cameras that measure the N-2(+) 1NG (0,1) band at 4278Angstrom and the N-2 2PG (0, 0) band at 3370Angstrom. We discuss the observations (similar to1 km resolution), instrumental and atmospheric corrections, and altitude profiles of ionized (1NG) and neutral (2PG) emission observed during a specific sprite. The ratio of ionized-to-neutral emission indicates a relative enhancement of ion emission below 55 km. Characteristic electron energies (E-Ch) and electric fields (E) are derived from these emission ratios using excitation rates computed from a model that solves the Boltzmann equation as a function of electric field. Up to 55km E follows the breakdown field (E-k) and E-Ch is similar to2.2eV. Above 55 km E drops below E-k and E-Ch drops to similar to1.75eV near 60km. C1 USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NASA, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Morrill, J (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1462 DI 10.1029/2001GL014018 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300044 ER PT J AU Sazykin, S Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Gombosi, TI De Zeeuw, DL Thomsen, MF AF Sazykin, S Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Gombosi, TI De Zeeuw, DL Thomsen, MF TI Interchange instability in the inner magnetosphere associated with geosynchronous particle flux decreases SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RING CURRENT; LARGE-SCALE; MODEL; UNDULATIONS; SIMULATION; ORIGIN; FIELD AB [1] We simulate the inner magnetosphere during the magnetic storm of September 25, 1998 using the Rice Convection Model with boundary fluxes estimated from geosynchronous data. Model results indicate development of an interchange- like instability in the dusk- to- midnight sector, producing ripple structures in the plasma density, swirls in the subauroral ionospheric electric field pattern, and undulations near the equatorward edge of the diffuse aurora. We suggest that these disturbances might be observable whenever a strong main- phase ring- current injection is followed by a major, sustained decrease in the plasma energy density at geosynchronous orbit, a circumstance that will also produce rapid decay of the storm- time ring current. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sazykin, S (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS-108, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI De Zeeuw, Darren/F-3667-2011; Gombosi, Tamas/G-4238-2011; Sazykin, Stanislav/C-3775-2008 OI Gombosi, Tamas/0000-0001-9360-4951; Sazykin, Stanislav/0000-0002-9401-4248 NR 18 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1448 DI 10.1029/2001GL014416 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300058 ER PT J AU Scime, EE Keesee, AM Jahn, JM Kline, JL Pollock, CJ Thomsen, M AF Scime, EE Keesee, AM Jahn, JM Kline, JL Pollock, CJ Thomsen, M TI Remote ion temperature measurements of Earth's magnetosphere: Medium energy neutral atom (MENA) images SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANALYZER; PLASMAS; MISSION; STORM; TIME AB [1] Energy spectra of ENA images obtained with the MENA imager on the IMAGE observatory are used to construct remote images of the plasma ion temperature. The remotely measured ion temperatures are consistent with in- situ ion temperature measurements. During the storm of August 12, 2000, the ion temperatures on the dawn side of the magnetosphere are significantly lower than the dusk side ion temperatures. Similar observations of ion temperature asymmetry are presented for three other storm periods. C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Scime, EE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Keesee, Amy/J-8194-2014 OI Keesee, Amy/0000-0002-9719-3229 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1438 DI 10.1029/2001GL013994 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300068 ER PT J AU Stutz, J Ackermann, R Fast, JD Barrie, L AF Stutz, J Ackermann, R Fast, JD Barrie, L TI Atmospheric reactive chlorine and bromine at the Great Salt Lake, Utah SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SENSING REFERENCE DATA; 231-794 NM RANGE; OZONE DESTRUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; GOME; BR-2; BRCL AB [1] The presence of chlorine radical species in the lower troposphere has been postulated, but only indirect evidence of its existence has been reported. We present the first direct spectroscopic observations of up to 15 +/- 2 pmoles/ mole-air chlorine oxide (ClO) in the mid-latitude boundary layer and confirm a previous discovery of the existence of bromine oxide (up to 6 +/- 0.4 pmoles/ mole-air BrO). Our observations from October 2000 suggest that reactive halogens are mobilized from salt on the flats around the Great Salt Lake, Utah. The results imply levels of 10(5) Cl atoms per cm(3), which doubles the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Ozone concentrations are anticorrelated with the halogen oxide levels, particularly BrO, indicating that ozone depletion by catalytic reaction cycles may have occurred. If the mobilization of halogens from salt flats that was observed here is widespread, there are important implications for atmospheric chemistry and the biogeochemical cycling of mercury. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stutz, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jochen@atmos.ucla.edu RI Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1380 DI 10.1029/2002GL014812 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300126 ER PT J AU Appelhans, AD Dahl, DA AF Appelhans, AD Dahl, DA TI Measurement of external ion injection and trapping efficiency in the ion trap mass spectrometer and comparison with a predictive model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE quadrupole ion trap; ion injection; secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); simulation; SIMION ID SIMULATION AB The efficiency of injecting and trapping ions from an external ion source in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer was measured and compared against a simulation employing a simple hard-sphere collision model. A commercial ion trap mass spectrometer was modified with the addition of a variable energy ion gun, split Faraday cup/electron multiplier detector, and the capability to measure the ion current incident on the ion trap inlet and exit end caps. The entire instrument was modeled using the ion optics simulation program SIMION and user programs were applied in SIMION which modeled the collisions between the injected ions and the helium buffer gas. The model was based on simple hard-sphere collision physics with randomized collision angles and collision probability converging to the mean free path (mfp); the helium buffer gas was assumed to be at rest relative to the injected ions. The measured trapping efficiency of Cs+ with helium buffer gas at optimum conditions was 3-5%. The trapping efficiency predicted by the model and the dependence on buffer gas pressure (mfp) agreed with the measured efficiencies within the uncertainties of the model predictions and experimental variance. The fidelity of the simulation was shown to be sensitive to the spatial resolution of the model when predicting the dependence of trapping efficiency on q(z). It was concluded that a hard-sphere collision model was adequate for predicting the effects of helium buffer gas pressure on ion injection and trapping within the range of injection energies and buffer gas pressures tested. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Envionm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Idaho Natl Engn & Envionm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ada2@inel.gov NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 216 IS 3 BP 269 EP 284 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00627-9 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00627-9 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 565ZB UT WOS:000176399500005 ER PT J AU Kalyanaraman, R Haynes, TE Holland, OW Gilmer, GH AF Kalyanaraman, R Haynes, TE Holland, OW Gilmer, GH TI Character of defects at an ion-irradiated buried thin-film interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED SILICON; SI; DAMAGE; DIFFUSION; ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; AU AB In order to investigate the nature of defects produced by ion irradiation through a heterostructure, a silicon-on-insulator substrate with a buried SiO2 layer at a depth of similar to1.5 mum was irradiated. The implantation was done using 2 MeV Si-28(+) ions in the dose range of 0.2-1x10(16) cm(-2). The subsequent defect analysis was performed using the Au labeling technique. Besides the presence of an expected excess of vacancy-type defects in the Si overlayer (V-Si(ex)), an additional vacancy excess peak was observed at the frontside of the buried interface (V-Int(ex)). The V-Int(ex) is found to increase linearly with increasing dose of the high-energy implant. The presence of this V-Int(ex) peak near the interface is also predicted by the TRIM Monte Carlo code. Additional Monte Carlo simulations of damage production via high-energy implantation in Si/X-type structures show that the nature of the defects at the front Si/X interface can be changed from vacancy to interstitial-type by increasing the mass of atoms in the buried thin-film, X. These experiments provide quantitative verification of nonuniform defect production at an ion-irradiated buried interface in Si. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Kalyanaraman, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015; OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745; kalyanaraman, ramki/0000-0002-5340-029X NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6325 EP 6332 DI 10.1063/1.1470258 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551QL UT WOS:000175572500011 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Hallen, A Possnert, G AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Hallen, A Possnert, G TI Damage evolution and recovery on both Si and C sublattices in Al-implanted 4H-SiC studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; AU RECOILS; IRRADIATION; ACCUMULATION; SIMULATION; DISORDER; CERAMICS; CRYSTALS; DEFECTS AB Damage evolution and subsequent recovery in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers irradiated with 1.1 MeV Al-2(2+) molecular ions at 150 K to ion fluences from 1.5x10(13) to 2.25x10(14) Al cm(-2) were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and C-12(d,p)C-13 nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) using a 0.94 MeV deuterium (D+) beam in channeling geometry. Disorder on both the Si and C sublattices was measured simultaneously from the RBS scattering and NRA reaction yields. The relative disorder on both sublattices follows a nonlinear dependence on ion fluence that is consistent with a model based on simple defect accumulation and a direct-impact, defect-stimulated process for amorphization. At low ion fluences, the relative disorder on the C sublattice is higher than that on the Si sublattice. Isochronal annealing up to 870 K revealed the existence of three distinct recovery stages at similar to350, 520, and 650 K for low to intermediate damage levels. In highly damaged samples, where a buried amorphous layer is produced, the onset of a fourth recovery stage appears above 800 K. Similar recovery behaviors on both the Si and C sublattices suggests some coupling of recovery processes for Si and C defects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Microelect & IT, SE-16440 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 30 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6388 EP 6395 DI 10.1063/1.1469204 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551QL UT WOS:000175572500020 ER PT J AU McHugo, SA Mohammed, A Thompson, AC Lai, B Cai, Z AF McHugo, SA Mohammed, A Thompson, AC Lai, B Cai, Z TI Copper precipitates in silicon: Precipitation, dissolution, and chemical state SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; SIO2-SI INTERFACE; METAL IMPURITIES; IRON; FE; CONTAMINATION; DISLOCATIONS; IMPACT AB The precipitation and dissolution of copper impurities at oxygen precipitates and stacking faults in silicon were studied using thermal budgets commensurate with standard integrated circuit processing. Additionally, in order to develop a better understanding of the dissolution process, we have obtained results on the chemical state of the copper precipitates. The goal of this work was to determine the feasibility of removing and maintaining copper impurities away from the active device region of an integrated circuit device by use of oxygen precipitates and stacking faults in the bulk of the material. Based on our results, we provide a basis for a predictive understanding of copper precipitation and dissolution in silicon and we discuss the feasibility of copper impurity control in silicon integrated circuit devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McHugo, SA (reprint author), Agilent Technol, 350 W Trimble Rd, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6396 EP 6405 DI 10.1063/1.1471944 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551QL UT WOS:000175572500021 ER PT J AU Kim, S Soo, YL Kioseoglou, G Kao, YH Ramanathan, K Deb, SK AF Kim, S Soo, YL Kioseoglou, G Kao, YH Ramanathan, K Deb, SK TI Compositional intermixing at CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 rough interface studied by x-ray fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; REFLECTION; SURFACE; SUPERLATTICES AB The effects of compositional intermixing and high interfacial roughness in a series of CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 heterojunctions have been investigated using the technique of angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence. In the present case, the average interfacial roughness actually exceeds the nominal thickness of CdS film. A method of data analysis has been worked out to account for the large roughness and this technique allows a possibility of nondestructive determination of the concentration profile of both CdS and Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 as well as the effective roughness parameters in the system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6416 EP 6422 DI 10.1063/1.1471388 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551QL UT WOS:000175572500023 ER PT J AU Eisenbach, M Stocks, GM Ujfalussy, B Gyorffy, BL AF Eisenbach, M Stocks, GM Ujfalussy, B Gyorffy, BL TI Magnetic anisotropy of iron chains embedded in copper SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM AB We investigate the magnetic ground states of iron inclusions embedded in fcc copper using first principles calculations. Of main interest are linear monatomic chains of atoms aligned along different directions in a Cu matrix. The method of calculation we employ is the locally selfconsistent multiple scattering (LSMS) real space method for solving the LDA Kohn-Sham-Dirac equation. We have extended our code to perform fully relativistic calculations to enable us to investigate the spin-orbit coupling effects leading to anisotropic and potentially noncollinear ordering of magnetic moments in these systems of iron inclusions in copper. With this approach we find that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in systems of magnetic iron chains embedded in copper strongly prefers an orientation of the magnetic iron moments perpendicular to the direction of the chain. This competes with the magnetostatic energy of the chains, which is lowest when the moments are aligned parallel to the chain. Our parameter free calculations suggest that, depending on whether the chains of magnetic atoms are embedded in copper along the 100 or 110 directions, the ground state orientation of the magnetic moments on the iron sites can be either parallel or perpendicular to the chain, due to the balance of these competing effects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eisenbach, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RI Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Eisenbach, Markus/0000-0001-8805-8327 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6878 EP 6880 DI 10.1063/1.1458923 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100025 ER PT J AU Tsai, SH Landau, DP Schulthess, TC AF Tsai, SH Landau, DP Schulthess, TC TI Monte Carlo simulations of ordering in ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID LAYER THICKNESS; EXCHANGE BIAS; DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE; BLOCKING AB Monte Carlo simulations have been used to study phase transitions on coupled anisotropic ferro/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) films of classical Heisenberg spins. We consider films of different thicknesses, with fully compensated exchange across the FM/AFM interface. We find indications of a phase transition on each film, occuring at different temperatures. It appears that both transition temperatures depend on the film thickness. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Enterprise Informat Technol Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsai, SH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6884 EP 6886 DI 10.1063/1.1447868 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100027 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Doyle, WD Fujiwara, H Wittig, JE Al-Sharab, JF Bentley, J Evans, ND AF Jung, HS Doyle, WD Fujiwara, H Wittig, JE Al-Sharab, JF Bentley, J Evans, ND TI Exchange coupling in FeTaN/IrMn/FeTaN and NiFe/IrMn/NiFe trilayer films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPY; DEPENDENCE; BILAYERS; LAYERS; IR AB The dependence of the exchange bias field H-eb in FeTaN/IrMn and NiFe/IrMn systems on the microstructure has been investigated. Bilayer and trilayer films of 50 nm thick FeTaN and NiFe and 10 nm thick IrMn were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. The glass/FeTaN/IrMn/FeTaN trilayer showed that the top FeTaN did not influence H-eb in the bottom FeTaN, closest to the substrate, during deposition and annealing. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy results showed limited evidence of epitaxial growth with both columnar single IrMn grains and multiple IrMn grains. In contrast, in the glass/NiFe/IrMn/NiFe trilayer, the top NiFe significantly influenced H-eb in the bottom NiFe during deposition and annealing. X-ray diffraction data for both systems showed no detectable changes in either the crystallinity or (111) texture of the IrMn layer during annealing. In the NiFe system, the trend in H-eb in the as-deposited and annealed states may be explained by assuming single columnar grains in the IrMn which couple the top and bottom NiFe layers. In the FeTaN system, the trend in H-eb in the as-deposited state may be explained by assuming multiple IrMn grains which decouple the top and bottom FeTaN layers. However, the behavior on annealing is a mystery. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jung, HS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6899 EP 6901 DI 10.1063/1.1447212 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100032 ER PT J AU Novotny, MA Brown, G Rikvold, PA AF Novotny, MA Brown, G Rikvold, PA TI Large-scale computer investigations of finite-temperature nucleation and growth phenomena in magnetization reversal and hysteresis (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID KINETIC ISING-MODEL; DYNAMIC PHASE-TRANSITION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; OSCILLATING FIELD; NANOSCALE FERROMAGNETS; CO FILMS; RELAXATION; SYSTEMS; SIZE; RESONANCE AB An overview of some of the results obtained from long-time dynamic simulations of models of magnetic nanoparticles and thin magnetic films is presented. The simulation methods include dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and micromagnetic simulations. The effects of nucleation and growth due to the finite temperature display similar behaviors for various models of magnetic materials and computational approaches. These behaviors can only be seen computationally with the use of advanced algorithms and massively parallel computers. Several different modes of reversal are seen at finite temperature, and crossovers from one mode of reversal to another for the same system can be seen as the temperature or applied field is changed. Statistical interpretations of both field-reversal experiments and hysteresis experiments are shown to be necessary to understand the finite-temperature behavior of magnetic nanoparticles and thin magnetic films. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Novotny, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016 OI Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6908 EP 6913 DI 10.1063/1.1452188 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100035 ER PT J AU Lee, HK Shulthess, TC Landau, DP Brown, G Pierce, JP Gai, Z Farnam, G Shen, J AF Lee, HK Shulthess, TC Landau, DP Brown, G Pierce, JP Gai, Z Farnam, G Shen, J TI Monte Carlo simulations of interacting magnetic nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB Motivated by recent advances in synthesis techniques of nanometer size magnetic particles, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the magnetic properties of such assemblies of particles. The particles are assumed to be point dipoles, which interact magnetostatically and have uniaxial anisotropy. Spatial distributions of the particles are either generated numerically or are taken from experimental data sets. The properties, such as the remnant magnetization, are studied as a function of temperature for a wide range of parameters. The role of magnetostatic interaction is found to be important in many cases where it has typically been neglected. For example, we find that for a thin film of iron particles with 3.5 nm average diameter and only 13% area coverage, the magnetostatic interactions raise the blocking temperature by 20%, and the particles do not have Stoner-Wolfarth character. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, HK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012; Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016 OI Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559; Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6926 EP 6928 DI 10.1063/1.1448782 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100039 ER PT J AU Poppa, H Tober, ED Schmid, AK AF Poppa, H Tober, ED Schmid, AK TI In situ observation of magnetic domain pattern evolution in applied fields by spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ULTRATHIN FILMS; SCALE AB To track the influence of applied magnetic fields on the magnetic microstructure of ultrathin metal films in high spatial resolution, the specimen holder of a spin-polarized low energy electron microscope (SPLEEM) was fitted with an in situ field coil. Using this technique, domain structure changes can be followed with data acquisition times of currently few seconds per image. Measurements of the dependence of magnetic domain patterns in Fe/Cu(100) layers on applied fields illustrate the performance of this novel experimental approach. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nuance, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Poppa, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6932 EP 6934 DI 10.1063/1.1449435 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100041 ER PT J AU Shima, H Guslienko, KY Novosad, V Otani, Y Fukamichi, K Kikuchi, N Kitakami, O Shimada, Y AF Shima, H Guslienko, KY Novosad, V Otani, Y Fukamichi, K Kikuchi, N Kitakami, O Shimada, Y TI Magnetization reversal in magnetostatically coupled dot arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ELEMENTS AB The submicron permalloy dots with variable diameter and interdot distance were microfabricated into a rectangular lattice by means of e-beam lithography and lift-off techniques. The hysteresis loops exhibit characteristic magnetization reversal accompanied by "nucleation" and "annihilation" of magnetic vortices inside the dots. The magnetic response of the samples with well-separated elements is isotropic in the plane. The arrays with a small interdot distance show magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis along the shortest period in the array. This anisotropy is originated from the interdot magnetostatic interaction. In the closely packed (when interdot distance is smaller than dot radius) arrays so that d/R<1, the magnetostatic interaction decreases the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields, and increases the initial susceptibility. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130012, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Novosad, V (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; OTANI, Yoshichika/I-5884-2012; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 OI OTANI, Yoshichika/0000-0001-8008-1493; NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6952 EP 6954 DI 10.1063/1.1450840 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100048 ER PT J AU Yu, CT Pearson, J Li, DQ AF Yu, CT Pearson, J Li, DQ TI Magnetic domains and magnetostatic interactions of self-assembled Co dots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID PATTERNED MEDIA; FORCE MICROSCOPY; DENSITY; ARRAYS; STABILITY; RU(0001); STORAGE AB Submicron quasihexagonal Co dots and dot chains have been grown epitaxially on Ru(0001) substrate with molecular beam epitaxy and investigated with magnetic force microscopy. All the dots exhibit in-plane single domains. The magnetization of the dots in a chain prefers to align along the chain direction due to inter-dot magnetostatic interactions. Micromagnetic calculations suggest that the observed single domains are metastable energetically and both vortex and single domain can exist in zero field. The inter-dot magnetostatic coupling, modeled with a dot pair, introduces a uniaxial anisotropy with easy axis along the pair/chain direction. The induced anisotropy field decreases with increasing inter-dot distance and approaches the dipolar limit. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yu, CT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 6955 EP 6957 DI 10.1063/1.1453334 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100049 ER PT J AU Brown, G Lee, HK Schulthess, TC Ujfalussy, B Stocks, GM Butler, WH Landau, DP Pierce, JP Shen, J Kirschner, J AF Brown, G Lee, HK Schulthess, TC Ujfalussy, B Stocks, GM Butler, WH Landau, DP Pierce, JP Shen, J Kirschner, J TI Model of Fe nanostripes on Cu(111) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB Magnetization as a function of temperature calculated with Monte Carlo techniques is compared to experimental results of Fe stripes grown on vicinal Cu(111) surfaces. The stripes are step decorations grown with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), are 1-2 monolayers thick, and display perpendicular magnetization. The atomic parameters are determined from fully relativistic electronic structure calculations. The moments are found to be 2.57 mu(B), with some variation due to film thickness, and uniaxial anisotropy of 40 muRy/atom for Fe atoms facing vacuum. The Heisenberg model extended to include crystalline anisotropy as well as dipole-dipole interactions is considered for two different values of the exchange constant: J=20 and 2 meV. Under a large applied field (4000 G), the calculated saturation magnetization falls slowly from 507 emu/cm(3) with an increase in temperature until it falls rapidly around 600 K, after which a more modest falloff with an increase in temperature is observed. For larger J the rapid change occurs for higher temperatures. The importance of disorder in the height and width of the stripes is investigated by generating stripe geometries with a model that incorporates nucleation and growth of Fe particles at step edges under the constraint of constant deposition from MBE. The primary effect of disorder in the stripes is to reduce the saturated magnetization at lower temperatures. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30603 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Max Planck Inst Mikrostruktur Phys, D-06120 Halle Saale, Germany. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7056 EP 7058 DI 10.1063/1.1452252 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100083 ER PT J AU Klamut, PW Dabrowski, B Mini, SM Kolesnik, S Maxwell, M Shengelaya, A Khasanov, R Keller, H Savic, I Sulkowski, C Matusiak, M Wisniewski, A Puzniak, R Fita, I AF Klamut, PW Dabrowski, B Mini, SM Kolesnik, S Maxwell, M Shengelaya, A Khasanov, R Keller, H Savic, I Sulkowski, C Matusiak, M Wisniewski, A Puzniak, R Fita, I TI On the magnetic and superconducting properties of Ru1-xSr2RECu2+xO8-d, RE=Gd, Eu, compounds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MUON SPIN ROTATION; RUSR2GDCU2O8; GD; COEXISTENCE AB The temperature of the superconducting transition of Ru1-xSr2RECu2+xO8-d (RE=Gd, Eu) compounds was raised up to 72 K (for x=0.4; compare to T-C=45 K observed for RuSr2GdCu2O8) by changing the ratio between Ru and Cu. Magnetization experiments performed under external pressure for RE=Gd: x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, and RE=Eu: x=0.4 samples reveal that T-C increases at a rate of 5-6 K/GPa. The hole doping achieved along the series has been probed in Hall effect, thermopower, and XANES experiments and is found to increase with x. Muon spin rotation spectroscopy experiments reveal the presence of a low temperature magnetic transition for Ru0.6Sr2EuCu2.4O8-d (T(m)approximate to5 K), similar to that recently observed in the Ru1-xSr2GdCu2+xO8-d system [P. W. Klamut, , Physica C 364, 313 (2001)]. Low temperature magnetization data suggest the constrained dimensionality of the superconducting phase in both RE=Gd and Eu based compounds. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Paul Sherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. RP Klamut, PW (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Puzniak, Roman/N-1643-2013; Fita, Ivan/A-1658-2016; Wisniewski, Andrzej/A-1781-2017 OI Puzniak, Roman/0000-0001-5636-5541; NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7134 EP 7136 DI 10.1063/1.1452702 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100109 ER PT J AU Raedt, HAD Hams, AH Dobrovitski, VV Al-Saqer, M Katsnelson, MI Harmon, BN AF Raedt, HAD Hams, AH Dobrovitski, VV Al-Saqer, M Katsnelson, MI Harmon, BN TI Many-spin calculation of tunneling splittings in Mn-12 magnetic molecules SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB We calculate the tunneling splittings in a Mn-12 magnetic molecule taking into account its internal many-spin structure. We discuss the precision and reliability of these calculations and show that restricting the basis (limiting the number of excitations taken into account) may lead to significant error (orders of magnitude) in the resulting tunneling splittings for the lowest energy levels, so that an intuitive picture of different decoupled energy scales does not hold in this case. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Groningen, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Raedt, HAD (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Inst Theoret Phys, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7152 EP 7154 DI 10.1063/1.1452703 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100115 ER PT J AU Procissi, D Suh, BJ Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Caneschi, A Cornia, A AF Procissi, D Suh, BJ Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Caneschi, A Cornia, A TI H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance and spin dynamics in the tetranuclear iron(III) cluster {Fe-4} SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNET; GROUND-STATE; PROTON NMR; MN12O12 ACETATE; MU-SR; RELAXATION; CRYSTAL AB The spin dynamics of a cluster of four iron(III) ions characterized by a total spin ground state S-T = 5 and Ising anisotropy have been investigated by the H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) linewidth and H-1 NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 as a function of the temperature (0.5-295 K) and external magnetic field (0.3-7.2 T). At very low T (0.5 K) the spectrum becomes very broad indicating freezing of the Fe3+ moments in a superparamagnetic state. The temperature dependence of T-1(-1) and T-2(-1) shows strong field dependent enhancement below 50 K which must be related to the spin dynamics of the Fe3+ moment freezing process, although no quantitative theory of this is currently available. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Dept Phys A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, INSTM UdR Firenze, I-50144 Florence, Italy. Univ Modena, Dept Chem, INSTM UdR Modena, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RP Procissi, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Cornia, Andrea/N-8587-2015; OI Cornia, Andrea/0000-0001-9765-3128; Caneschi, Andrea/0000-0001-5535-3469 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7173 EP 7175 DI 10.1063/1.1450790 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100122 ER PT J AU van Lierop, J Lewis, LH Williams, KE Gambino, RJ AF van Lierop, J Lewis, LH Williams, KE Gambino, RJ TI Magnetic exchange effects in a nanocomposite Ni/NiO film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID BIAS AB The unique sample preparation technique of reactive ion beam assisted deposition has been used to make a thin film sample of interdispersed Ni and NiO nanocrystallites. The ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic crystallites in the film provide a unique geometry that lies between that of bulk exchange biased systems and layered thin films, and provides clear evidence of exchange effects. Interphase magnetic exchange is demonstrated by suppression of the Neel and Curie temperatures of the components, as well as by the typical hysteresis loop shift that is a measure of the exchange field strength. Furthermore, a strong temperature and maximum applied field dependence for both the coercivity and exchange field strength is present, indicating competition between the exchange interaction of the Ni and NiO nanocrystallites and the external field and NiO surface magnetic coupling interactions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP van Lierop, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7233 EP 7235 DI 10.1063/1.1447193 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100142 ER PT J AU Stocks, GM Shelton, WA Schulthess, TC Ujfalussy, B Butler, WH Canning, A AF Stocks, GM Shelton, WA Schulthess, TC Ujfalussy, B Butler, WH Canning, A TI On the magnetic structure of gamma-FeMn alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID COHERENT-POTENTIAL-APPROXIMATION; PRINCIPLES SPIN DYNAMICS; NONCOLLINEAR MAGNETISM AB The alloy gamma-FeMn is a rare example of a fcc antiferromagnet. It has become a prototype for pinning layer studies in magnetoelectronic devices. Here we report the results of first principles calculations of the magnetic structure of gamma-FeMn based on large cell models of the disordered alloy. The calculations are based on the constrained local moment model and use of first principles spin dynamics to obtain the ground state orientational configuration. In agreement with previous layer KKR-CPA studies, we find the 3Q-state to be lowest of the three prototype structures studied (1Q,2Q,3Q). However, the constraining fields introduced into the theory to maintain a specific orientational configuration are not zero indicating that even the 3Q-structure is not the ground state. Subsequent optimization of the magnetic configuration using first principles spin dynamics yields a state that is lower in energy by 2.5 meV/atom. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Alabama, MINT, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stocks, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7355 EP 7357 DI 10.1063/1.1458922 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100179 ER PT J AU Wende, H Li, Z Scherz, A Ceballos, G Baberschke, K Ankudinov, A Rehr, JJ Wilhelm, F Rogalev, A Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA AF Wende, H Li, Z Scherz, A Ceballos, G Baberschke, K Ankudinov, A Rehr, JJ Wilhelm, F Rogalev, A Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA TI Quadrupolar and dipolar contributions to x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Tb L-3,L-2 edges: Experiment versus theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID L(III) EDGE; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; ABSORPTION AB We investigate the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the L-3,L-2 edges using a single crystal of Tb as a prototype system for a one-element magnet in order to ascertain the multipolar nature of the features in the dichroic spectra. The high resolution of the experimental data allows for a clear identification of the dipolar (E1: 2p-->5d) and quadrupolar (E2: 2p-->4f) transitions. On the basis of ab initio calculations we developed a simple procedure to extract the quadrupolar part by subtracting the derivative of the spin-averaged absorption spectra from the experimental XMCD data. The deconvolution has to be carried out before applying sum rules to determine 4f and 5d moments. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wende, H (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Wende, Heiko/J-8505-2012; Ceballos, Gustavo/B-6360-2012 OI Ceballos, Gustavo/0000-0002-6713-7963 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7361 EP 7363 DI 10.1063/1.1450792 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100181 ER PT J AU Jung, JK Procissi, D Vincent, R Suh, BJ Borsa, F Kogerler, P Schroder, C Luban, M AF Jung, JK Procissi, D Vincent, R Suh, BJ Borsa, F Kogerler, P Schroder, C Luban, M TI Proton NMR in the giant paramagnetic molecule {Mo72Fe30} SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MAGNETIC MOLECULES; SPIN DYNAMICS; RINGS; H-1-NMR AB H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and relaxation measurements have been performed in the Keplerate species {Mo72Fe30}. The H-1 NMR linewidth increases gradually with decreasing T and it saturates below about 4 K, as expected for a nonmagnetic ground state with S-T=0. A strong enhancement of T-1(-1) with a peak around T=2 K is observed, a feature similar to the one observed in antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled iron rings. The peak is discussed in terms of the slowing down of magnetic fluctuations resulting from building up of AF correlations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Telel GmbH, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Suh, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7388 EP 7390 DI 10.1063/1.1448787 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100190 ER PT J AU Jung, JK Procissi, D Jang, ZH Suh, BJ Borsa, F Luban, M Kogerler, P Muller, A AF Jung, JK Procissi, D Jang, ZH Suh, BJ Borsa, F Luban, M Kogerler, P Muller, A TI H-1 and Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance study of V6 magnetic molecular clusters SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID SPIN DYNAMICS; H-1-NMR; RINGS AB We report H-1 and Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and relaxation measurements in two variants of the V6 cluster with formula [CH3H6](4)Na-2[H-4{V3L}(2)P4O4].14H(2)O and Na-6[H-4{V3L}(2)P4O4].18H(2)O, respectively. Both the NMR linewidth and the spin-lattice relaxation (NSLR) data can be explained semiquantitatively by assuming a dipolar coupling between the proton (sodium) nuclei and the three V(IV) magnetic moments forming an almost equilateral triangle with nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. From the temperature dependence of the Na-23 NSLR we obtain the value of the two gaps separating the lower energy total spin states. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl Anorgan Chem 1, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Suh, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Muller, Achim/0000-0003-0117-4021 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7391 EP 7393 DI 10.1063/1.1448788 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100191 ER PT J AU Stumpe, L Kirby, B Kaiser, H Rhyne, JJ Mitchell, JF AF Stumpe, L Kirby, B Kaiser, H Rhyne, JJ Mitchell, JF TI Spin excitations in [La1-xCaxMnO3] in the mixed-phase region SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID TEMPERATURE; SEPARATION; DYNAMICS AB The magnetic excitations and the ferromagnetic order parameter have been studied by neutron scattering in a series of the manganese-based CMR perovskites [La1-xCaxMnO3] (x=0.46, 0.48, 0.50) near the metallic ferromagnetic to insulating antiferromagnetic phase. Well-defined ferromagnetic spin waves were detected for the x=0.46 and x=0.48 compositions. From the measurements of the order parameter, only the x=0.48 sample showed conclusive evidence of a coexistence of an antiferromagnetic phase with the ferromagnetic phase. For this composition, hysteresis was observed in the spin wave intensity but not in the spin stiffness parameter. This effect indicates that the ferromagnetic exchange is not perturbed by the antiferromagnetic ordering. No measurable ferromagnetic magnetization was found in the x=0.50 sample; thus no spin waves could be detected. The results indicate that the onset of the antiferromagnetism upon hole doping for the series occurs in a narrow region of x below the x=0.50 phase boundary. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stumpe, L (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7511 EP 7513 DI 10.1063/1.1448307 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100229 ER PT J AU Kusinski, GJ Thomas, G Denbeaux, G Krishnan, KM Terris, BD AF Kusinski, GJ Thomas, G Denbeaux, G Krishnan, KM Terris, BD TI Temperature and ion irradiation dependence of magnetic domains and microstructure in Co/Pt multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID X-RAY MICROSCOPE; REORIENTATION; MEDIA; FILMS AB Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy were studied as a function of growth temperature (T-G) and ion irradiation. With increased T-G, larger columnar grain size and an improved <111> texture were observed. Up to a critical temperature (T-crit), a monotonic increase in coercivity (H-C) with T-G was measured, followed by a decrease in H-C with further increase in T-G. Magnetic domains of films grown below T-crit were irregular, with their submicron size decreasing gradually with increasing T-G. Films grown at 390 degreesC>T-crit had fine domains on the sub-100 nm length scale. Both H-C and domain size were reduced after the multilayers were exposed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kusinski, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7541 EP 7543 DI 10.1063/1.1452230 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100239 ER PT J AU Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Miller, DJ Lin, YK Crabtree, GW AF Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Miller, DJ Lin, YK Crabtree, GW TI Local properties at the boundaries of irradiated regions in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 colossal magnetoresistance films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; MANGANITES; CRYSTALLINITY AB Magnetic and magnetotransport properties and magnetization patterns in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films irradiated with heavy ions through a mask to yield a sharp boundary between irradiated and unirradiated areas were studied. It is found that this boundary enhances locally the resistance and magnetoresistance (MR) and shifts the maximum of MR to larger temperatures. Magneto-optical observations reveal a strong local anisotropy at the boundary tilting magnetic moments from the film plane and producing strong magnetic inhomogeneity responsible for the increase of magnetoresistance. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7721 EP 7723 DI 10.1063/1.1451876 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100297 ER PT J AU Soh, YA Evans, PG Cai, Z Lai, B Kim, CY Aeppli, G Mathur, ND Blamire, MG Isaacs, ED AF Soh, YA Evans, PG Cai, Z Lai, B Kim, CY Aeppli, G Mathur, ND Blamire, MG Isaacs, ED TI Local mapping of strain at grain boundaries in colossal magnetoresistive films using x-ray microdiffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MANGANITE THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DEPENDENCE AB Using x-ray submicrobeam, we spatially mapped the strain in epitaxial La1-xSrxMnO3 films grown on SrTiO3(001) bicrystal substrates. Our results show that there is an elastic strain gradient at the artificial grain boundary, which decays over a length scale of similar to1 mum. The tensile strain at the interior of the grain-due to the lattice mismatch between La1-xSrxMnO3 and SrTiO3-relaxes as the film nears the grain boundary, yielding a grain boundary lattice constant which approaches the value of that in bulk La1-xSrxMnO3. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Soh, YA (reprint author), NEC Res Inst, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Kim, Chang-Yong/I-3136-2014 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; Kim, Chang-Yong/0000-0002-1280-9718 NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7742 EP 7744 DI 10.1063/1.1455609 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100304 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA AF Kellogg, RA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Lograsso, TA TI Temperature and stress dependencies of the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Fe0.81Ga0.19 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID FE-GA; AL ALLOYS AB It was recently reported that the addition of nonmagnetic Ga increased the saturation magnetostriction (lambda(100)) of Fe over tenfold while leaving the rhombohedral magnetostriction (lambda(111)) almost unchanged. To determine the relationship between the magnetostriction and the magnetization we measured the temperature and stress dependence of both the magnetostriction and magnetization from -21 degreesC to +80 degreesC under compressive stresses ranging from 14.4 MPa to 87.1 MPa. For this study a single crystal rod of Fe0.81Ga0.19 was quenched from 800 degreesC into water to insure a nearly random distribution of Ga atoms. Constant temperature tests showed that compressive stresses greater than 14.4 MPa were needed to achieve the maximum magnetostriction. For the case of a 45.3 MPa compressive stress and applied field of 800 Oe, the maximum magnetostriction at 80 degreesC decreases from its value at -21 degreesC by 12.9%. This small magnetostrictive decrease is consistent with a correspondingly small 3.6% decrease in magnetization over the same temperature range. This well-behaved temperature response makes this alloy particularly valuable for industrial and military smart actuator, transducer, and active damping applications. The measured value of Young's modulus is low (similar to55+/-1 GPa) and almost temperature independent. The large magnetostriction over a wide temperature range combined with the nonbrittle nature of the alloy is rare. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 112 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7821 EP 7823 DI 10.1063/1.1452216 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100330 ER PT J AU Doh, SJ Choi, SD Je, JH Cho, TS AF Doh, SJ Choi, SD Je, JH Cho, TS TI Inhibition of abnormal acicular grain growth of nanostructured Ba-ferrite films by secondary alpha-Fe2O3 phase SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA ID BARIUM HEXAFERRITE; THIN-FILMS; MEDIA; CRYSTALLIZATION AB We have studied the inhibition of abnormal acicular grain growth of the Ba-ferrite phase in the crystallization of Ba-ferrite films using real time synchrotron x-ray scattering, field emission scanning electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Amorphous Ba-ferrite film on a SiO2 substrate is naturally crystallized into the abnormal acicular Ba-ferrite grains (major axis of similar to1000 nm in the in-plane direction). However, on alpha-Al2O3 substrate, fine grain sizes of the primary Ba-ferrite phase (similar to70 nm) are obtained during crystallization. Nucleation of the alpha-Fe2O3 phase on the alpha-Al2O3 surface at an early stage induces the inhibition of the abnormal acicular grain growth of the Ba-ferrite phase. Because of the grain size refinement of the magnetic Ba-ferrite phase, the intrinsic coercivity of Ba-ferrite/alpha-Al2O3 film enhances 4.4 kOe, much larger than that of Ba-ferrite/SiO2 film (1.9 kOe). We suggest that the secondary alpha-Fe2O3 phase act as a useful inhibitor to abnormal grain growth in Ba-ferrite films for high-density recording media. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 POSTECH, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sangju Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sangju 742711, South Korea. RP Je, JH (reprint author), POSTECH, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jhje@postech.ac.kr NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7869 EP 7871 DI 10.1063/1.1451307 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400015 ER PT J AU Fishman, RS Jarrell, M AF Fishman, RS Jarrell, M TI f-sum rule for the spin conductivity in itinerant magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID DOUBLE-EXCHANGE MODEL; FERROMAGNETIC TRANSITION; HUBBARD-MODEL; MANGANITES; DIFFUSION; SYSTEMS; STATE AB We derive a rigorous f-sum rule for the spin conductivity D(omega), valid in the paramagnetic regime of any itinerant system with nearest-neighbor hopping, assuming only that the potential energy conserves the total spin at each site. Two such itinerant systems are the double-exchange and Hubbard models. According to the f-sum rule, the integral over D(omega) is proportional to the average, electronic kinetic energy and is inversely proportional to the static susceptibility. The elastic value D(0) can be obtained directly from the width of the quasielastic peak in neutron-scattering measurements. For infinite dimensions dynamical mean-field theory implies that D(omega) is proportional to the optical conductivity sigma(omega) and that implies the f-sum rule for D(omega) reduces to the well-known optical sum rule for sigma(omega). Our results place severe constraints on the appropriate model to describe the magnetoresistive manganites. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Fishman, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8120 EP 8122 DI 10.1063/1.1456431 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400098 ER PT J AU Alsmadi, AM Sechovsky, V Lacerda, AH Prokes, K Kamarad, J Bruck, E Chang, S Jung, MH Nakotte, H AF Alsmadi, AM Sechovsky, V Lacerda, AH Prokes, K Kamarad, J Bruck, E Chang, S Jung, MH Nakotte, H TI Hybridization and pressure effects in UTX compounds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; METAMAGNETISM; METALS; UCOAL AB The UTX intermetallic compounds (T=transition metal and X=p-electron element) were found to crystallize mainly in two large groups, the orthorhombic TiNiSi and the hexagonal ZrNiAl structure. For both groups, magnetic-ordering phenomena depend sensitively on the 5f-ligand hybridization. The 5f-ligand hybridization is very sensitive to the interatomic distances, which can be effectively controlled by external pressure. Here, we have summarized existing and new pressure studies on various single-crystalline UTX compounds (T=Co, Ni, Ir;X=Al, Ga, Ge). We performed magnetoresistance studies in magnetic fields up to 18 T under external hydrostatic pressure up to 10 kbar. The observed dependencies of the ordering temperatures and the critical fields are compared with the different contributions of the 5f-ligand hybridization, which were deduced from tight-binding calculations. We find relatively weak pressure dependence in compounds, where 5f electrons are more localized, while substantially large pressure effects are found in the more itinerant systems. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Charles Univ, Dept Elect Sci, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Pulse Field Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Acad Sci Czech Republ, AS CR, Inst Phys, Lab High Pressure, Prague 16253 6, Czech Republic. Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Alsmadi, AM (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014; Kamarad, Jiri/G-5880-2014; Sechovsky, Vladimir/A-5256-2008 OI Kamarad, Jiri/0000-0003-3502-9930; Sechovsky, Vladimir/0000-0003-1298-2120 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8123 EP 8125 DI 10.1063/1.1456432 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400099 ER PT J AU Park, S Lee, S Falco, CM AF Park, S Lee, S Falco, CM TI Modification of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin Co films due to the presence of overlayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB In order to understand the effect of interfacial strain on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of ultrathin Co films, ex situ Brillouin light scattering measurements were performed for various overlayer materials. The samples were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy and Cu, Al, and Au were used as overlayer materials. We observed a decrease in PMA of the Co with the Cu and Al overlayers. In addition, we found an unexpected result that the PMA is significantly reduced when an Au overlayer of 35 Angstrom is covered by an extra Al capping layer. The amount of this reduction depends on the thickness of the Al layer. Our results lead us to speculate that misfit strain at the interface between the Al and the Au can be propagated through the Au layer to affect the magnetic properties of Co. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Park, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8141 EP 8143 DI 10.1063/1.1447877 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400105 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ Yang, N McCallum, RW Dennis, KW Lewis, LH AF Kramer, MJ Yang, N McCallum, RW Dennis, KW Lewis, LH TI In situ determination of Nd-Fe-B crystallization pathways SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ND2FE14B AB In order to understand the effect of solute additions on the crystallization behavior and to directly measure the crystallization pathways, a series of high temperature x-ray diffraction (HTXRD) experiments were performed on rapidly-solidified Nd2Fe14B alloys from room temperature to 1073 K using high-energy synchrotron radiation and a Debye-Scherrer geometry. The relative phase fractions of crystalline and amorphous material and changes in lattice parameters were determined as a function of temperature using Rietveld analysis. The effect of solute additions on the lattice parameters of the Nd2Fe14B unit cell was clearly evident. As-quenched samples measured at room temperature consist of predominantly glassy Nd-Fe-B (up to 90 wt. %), 8-9 wt. % crystalline Nd2Fe14B and the remainder alpha-Fe. From room temperature up to the Curie temperature (T-c) for Nd2Fe14B, the unit cell volume contracts primarily due to contraction in the basal plane. From 600 K up to the crystallization temperature the thermal expansion is linear with a positive slope. There is a second inflection in the thermal expansion at the crystallization temperature. This inflection is indicative of solute ejection from the devitrified structure while the negative thermal expansion found for T<600 K is a result of spontaneous magnetostriction which reflects the local anisotropies in the Nd2Fe14B structure. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8156 EP 8158 DI 10.1063/1.1449446 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400110 ER PT J AU Tang, H Zhou, J Sellmyer, DJ AF Tang, H Zhou, J Sellmyer, DJ TI Mechanically milled nanostructured (Sm,Pr)(12.5)Co85.5Zr2 magnets with TbCu7 structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID POWDERS; PR AB Nanostructured (Sm,Pr)(Co,Zr) magnets with the TbCu7-type structure have been synthesized by mechanically milling (Sm1-xPrx)(12.5)Co85.5Zr2 alloys (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.8) followed by appropriate annealing. Magnetic properties, structure, and microstructure have been investigated. It is found that single-phase (Sm,Pr)(Co,Zr)(7) magnets with the TbCu7 structure and with nanoscale grain size (14-19 nm) form in the whole composition range. Intrinsic coercivity H-ci decreases from 20.7 to 5.6 kOe with increasing Pr content from 0 to 0.8, while energy products (BH)(max) shows an optimum value of 12.6 MGOe (H-ci of 17.9 kOe) at x=0.2 due to increase in remanent magnetization. Remanence ratio is observed in the range of 0.64-0.69, with an optimum value of similar to0.69 at x=0.3. The high coercivity is ascribed to the formation of nanocrystalline (Sm,Pr)(Co,Zr)(7) phase of the TbCu7-type structure with large anisotropy, and the remanence enhancement may result from the exchange-coupling interactions between nanosized (Sm,Pr)(Co,Zr)(7) grains. The magnetic properties can be understood in term of the anisotropy of the magnetically hard phase and the interactions between the nanosized grains. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat Res & Anal, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Tang, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8162 EP 8164 DI 10.1063/1.1447509 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400112 ER PT J AU Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE Lograsso, TA Ross, AR Schlagel, DL AF Restorff, JB Wun-Fogle, M Clark, AE Lograsso, TA Ross, AR Schlagel, DL TI Magnetostriction of ternary Fe-Ga-X alloys (X=Ni,Mo,Sn,Al) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID AL ALLOYS AB Investigations were made into the effect of small additions of Ni, Mo, Sn, as well as larger additions of Al on the magnetostriction of single crystal Fe100-xGax alloys (xcongruent to13). The Fe-Ga and Fe-Al systems are seemingly unique among the Fe-based alloys in having very large magnetostrictions in spite of Ga and Al being nonmagnetic. In this paper, we show how additions of Ni, Mo, Sn, and Al affect lambda(100) and lambda(111) of the binary Fe-Ga alloys. We substituted small amounts of Ni into a binary Fe-Ga alloy in an attempt to reduce the magnitude of the negative lambda(111), as Ni does in Fe, in order to improve the magnetostriction of polycrystals. The measured lambda(111)'s were reduced to a very small value, similar to3 ppm, but lambda(100) fell dramatically to +67 ppm for Fe86Ga11Ni3. Mo was substituted for Ga to determine the effect of a partially filled 4d shell on the magnetostriction. Here \lambda(111)\ is affected the most, increasing to a value greater than all known alpha-Fe-based alloys (lambda(111)=-22 ppm for Fe85Ga10.2Mo4.8). We find that the addition of Sn, with its very large atomic radius, makes only small changes in both lambda(100) and lambda(111). For Fe86.1Ga12.4Sn1.5 at room temperature, lambda(100)=+161 ppm and for Fe86.7Ga12.0Sn1.3, lambda(111)=-15 ppm. The decrease of lambda(100) in Fe-87(GayAl1-y)(13) was approximately linear, going from 67 ppm at y=0 to 154 ppm at y=1. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Restorff, JB (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Code 645, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 6 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8225 EP 8227 DI 10.1063/1.1452220 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400133 ER PT J AU van Lierop, J Ryan, DH Cadogan, JM AF van Lierop, J Ryan, DH Cadogan, JM TI A study of spin dynamics in the a-Fe90Sc10 spin glass SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID AMORPHOUS FE90SC10; TRANSITION; RELAXATION; MOSSBAUER; ALLOY AB Spin dynamics in a-Fe90Sc10 have been examined with zero-field muon spin relaxation (ZF-muSR) and selective excitation double Mossbauer (SEDM) spectroscopy. Analysis of the muSR data yields T(sg)similar to105 K in agreement with both chi(ac) and conventional Mossbauer data. SEDM shows fluctuation rates in good agreement with muSR, but reveals an abrupt change in relaxation behavior from spin-flip to diffusive above 90 K (0.9T(sg)). (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP van Lierop, J (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Phys Mat, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8263 EP 8265 DI 10.1063/1.1456437 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400146 ER PT J AU Chernyshev, AL Chen, YC Neto, AHC AF Chernyshev, AL Chen, YC Neto, AHC TI Effect of impurities on quasi-two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; NONMAGNETIC IMPURITIES; 2-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETS; NQR RELAXATION; LA2CUO4; SYSTEMS; ORDER AB We have studied the static and dynamic properties of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) quantum antiferromagnets (AFs) diluted with spinless impurities using spin-wave theory and T-matrix approximation. We show that the spectrum of a 2D AF at long wavelengths is overdamped at an arbitrary concentration of spinless impurities. The scattering leads to a length scale l/asimilar toe(pi/4x), x being impurity concentration and a the lattice spacing, beyond which the influence of impurities on the spectrum is dominant. Although the dynamical properties are significantly modified we show that 2D is not the lower critical dimension for this problem. Thus, in low-dimensional systems with disorder the connection between static and dynamic quantities is not straightforward. Our results are in quantitative agreement with the recent Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data for S=1/2, S=1, and S=5/2. We have also proposed experiments which can further test the results of our theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Chernyshev, AL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chen, Yu-Chang/C-6012-2008; Castro Neto, Antonio/C-8363-2014 OI Chen, Yu-Chang/0000-0001-8115-7189; Castro Neto, Antonio/0000-0003-0613-4010 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8387 EP 8389 DI 10.1063/1.1456911 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400186 ER PT J AU Zaliznyak, IA AF Zaliznyak, IA TI Continuum spin excitations in S=1 one-dimensional antiferromagnet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID HALDANE-GAP ANTIFERROMAGNETS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONTE-CARLO; CHAIN; CSNICL3; CONJECTURE; DYNAMICS AB We present detailed measurement of the nonhydrodynamic part of the spin excitation spectrum in the model quasi-one-dimensional S=1 antiferromagnet CsNiCl3 by inelastic magnetic neutron scattering. In the better part of the Brillouin zone the effect of interchain coupling is negligible, and the spin dynamics reflects that of a single Haldane chain. We find that at qless than or similar to0.6pi this quantum spin system ceases to support coherent propagating excitation, which gradually turns into a continuum band of states, whose width grows with decreasing q. This finding is consistently verified under different resolution conditions, obtained with two different high-luminosity experimental setups. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zaliznyak, IA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8390 EP 8392 DI 10.1063/1.1456440 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400187 ER PT J AU Berger, A Campillo, G Vivas, P Pearson, JE Bader, SD Baca, E Prieto, P AF Berger, A Campillo, G Vivas, P Pearson, JE Bader, SD Baca, E Prieto, P TI Critical exponents of inhomogeneous ferromagnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR AB A method for the analysis of temperature and field dependent magnetization data near the Curie temperature T-C is devised, which allows the reliable determination of critical exponents even in strongly inhomogeneous ferromagnets. It is shown, both experimentally and theoretically, that the field-induced broadening of the ferromagnetic phase transition follows a power law with a characteristic critical exponent beta.delta, where beta and delta are the conventional temperature and field dependent critical exponents of the magnetization. Experimental results on inhomogeneous La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films yield critical exponents beta=0.3682+/-0.0033 and delta=4.76+/-0.32, even though the intrinsic T-C distribution width is larger than the field-induced effect. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Valle, Dept Fis, Cali 25360, Colombia. RP Berger, A (reprint author), IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd,K63-E3, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RI Vivas, Paula/I-8109-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Campillo, Gloria/A-8299-2013; Berger, Andreas/D-3706-2015 OI Berger, Andreas/0000-0001-5865-6609 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8393 EP 8395 DI 10.1063/1.1456441 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400188 ER PT J AU Snyder, JE Anderegg, JW AF Snyder, JE Anderegg, JW TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the role of nitrogen in FeSiAl(N) reactive sputtered films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SENDUST FILMS; SOFT AB Nitrogen has a profound effect on the stress, nanostructure, and magnetic properties of FeSiAl(N) reactive sputtered films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is an excellent tool to investigate the role of N in these films, since it provides both compositional and chemical bonding information simultaneously. The N is observed to first combine with the Al in the films. For increasing amounts of N, increasing amounts of Al as nitride are observed. Then at the point that the Al is all nitride, the N starts to combine with Si. It is in this region that an abrupt change is observed in magnetic properties, stress, and nanostructure. For low N, the films consist of single phase 100-nm-diam bcc grains; after the transition, films consist of a two phase nanostructure of 10-nm-bcc grains in an amorphous matrix. The N content of the films also increases sharply at this point. The addition of N to the sputtering plasma also causes changes in the apparent relative sputtering yields at these higher N levels: Fe content of the films decreases considerably, while Al and Si percentages show modest increases. This can help explain why the saturation magnetization (M-s) has been observed to decrease with increasing N in the plasma, for these higher N levels. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Snyder, JE (reprint author), Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8459 EP 8461 DI 10.1063/1.1453949 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400210 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP AF Belashchenko, KD Antropov, VP TI Structure of macrodomain walls in polytwinned magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MASTER EQUATION APPROACH; CONFIGURATIONAL KINETICS; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; HYSTERESIS AB We propose a microscopic approach to the studies of magnetic configurations in hard magnets which may be conveniently used for nanoscale systems; the microstructure of the magnet is easily and naturally included in the calculations. This approach is applied to find the structure of macrodomain walls in polytwinned magnets of the CoPt family. Magnetostatic fields are small compared to the anisotropy field in these magnets; direct simulation shows that in this case the macrodomain wall is not continuous, but rather comprised of segments held together by relatively small magnetostatic forces. This segmentation is expected to have a strong effect on magnetization processes. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Belashchenko, KD (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8474 EP 8476 DI 10.1063/1.1453323 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400215 ER PT J AU Jung, MH Lacerda, AH Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Jung, MH Lacerda, AH Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD TI Systematic study of anisotropic properties of CeNiGe2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; KONDO; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB We have studied the anisotropic properties of CeNiGe2 by measuring the electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetization. It is confirmed that CeNiGe2 undergoes two-step antiferromagnetic transition at T-N(I)=4 K and T-N(II)=3 K as reported earlier on polycrystalline samples. CeNiGe2 is found to exhibit highly anisotropic properties with an easy magnetization axis along the longest crystallographic b direction. The magnetization ratio M(Hparallel tob)/M(Hperpendicular tob) at 2 K is estimated to be about 15 at 5 T. The resistivity ratio rho(parallel tob)/rho(perpendicular tob) increases from 5 to 65 on heating from 2 to 200 K. The in-plane resistivity rho(parallel tob)(T) shows double maxima typical of that expected when an interplay of crystal-field and Kondo effects plays a role. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab Pulse Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jung, MH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab Pulse Facil, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8522 EP 8524 DI 10.1063/1.1456447 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400231 ER PT J AU Saha, S Obermyer, RT Zande, BJ Chandhok, VK Simizu, S Sankar, SG Horton, JA AF Saha, S Obermyer, RT Zande, BJ Chandhok, VK Simizu, S Sankar, SG Horton, JA TI Magnetic properties of the low-temperature phase of MnBi SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB MnBi forms peritectically at similar to450 degreesC. Preparation of MnBi employing conventional techniques such as arc melting and induction melting results in the segregation of manganese. In order to avoid this segregation, we followed the procedure recommended by Guo [X. Guo, A. Zaluska, Z. Altounian, and J. O. Strom-Olsen, J. Mater. Res. 5, 2646 (1990)] and prepared a low-temperature phase of MnBi by melt spinning, followed by heat treatment. Fine powder of MnBi was prepared by ball milling the melt-spun ribbons for various lengths of time. Magnetic properties of these powders were determined. In particular, the temperature dependent coercivity was studied from room temperature to 360 degreesC for the powders ball milled for 2 and 10 h. The coercivity is found to increase with the increase in temperature reaching a maximum of 25.8 kOe at 280 degreesC and then decrease as the temperature is increased further. We also found that a peak in coercivity is observed for the samples milled for 10 h. MnBi shows a first-order transition to a paramagnetic phase at 360 degreesC. In an attempt to increase this transition temperature, an alloy of composition Mn0.75Ni0.25Bi0.5Sb0.5 was made by induction melting. The transition temperature increases from 360 degreesC for MnBi to 400 degreesC for Mn0.75Ni0.25Bi0.5Sb0.5. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Adv Mat Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Adv Mat Corp, 700 Technol Dr,POB 2950, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. NR 9 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8525 EP 8527 DI 10.1063/1.1450829 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400232 ER PT J AU Moze, O Kockelmann, W Wu, YL Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Moze, O Kockelmann, W Wu, YL Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA TI Influence of Pr on the magnetic structure of Er SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID ERBIUM AB Time-of-flight neutron diffraction has been used to determine the temperature dependence of the magnetic structure of three binary hexagonal Er-Pr alloys, Er90Pr10, Er80Pr20, and Er60Pr40. In overall agreement with magneto-thermal measurements performed on these compounds, the addition of Pr initially increases the Curie temperature and decreases the Neel temperature, observed at 20 K and 86 K, respectively, for pure Er. The neutron diffraction data for Er90Pr10, however, also clearly show that a ferromagnetic phase, with moments parallel to the c-axis, coexists with modulated structure components, with increasing temperature up to 35 K, above which a pure sine modulated structure sets in up to the Neel temperature at approximately 65 K. A similar behavior is observed for Er80Pr20, where the sine modulated phase is observed to disappear at 48 K. In sharp contrast, only one magnetic phase, identified as ferromagnetic with moments parallel to the c-axis, is observed for Er60Pr40 from low temperatures up to the Curie point at 35 K. The propagation vectors of the sine modulated phases are found to be temperature dependent. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Bonn, Mineral Petrol Inst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Moze, O (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8531 EP 8533 DI 10.1063/1.1456449 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400234 ER PT J AU Samolyuk, GD Antropov, VP AF Samolyuk, GD Antropov, VP TI Electronic structure and magnetic properties of Gd-5(Si1-xGex)(4) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); TRANSITION AB We study the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Gd-5(Si1-xGex)(4) system of alloys using band structure methods. The total energy, atomic magnetic moments are compared for the monoclinic and orthorhombic crystallographic structures. We confirmed that the orthorhombic structure has lower energy compared to the monoclinic one. The total energy calculations for the transformation from orthorhombic to monoclinic structure revealed no energy barrier. The addition of spin-orbit coupling does not change this result. The exchange coupling calculations show that effective Heisenberg model parameters do not exceed 100 K and decrease with transition from orthorhombic to monoclinic structure. We found that the total energy is sensitive to the specific ordering of Ge and Si atoms. This result agrees with experimental data of occupation numbers of T and T' positions and may be related to the anomalies observed experimentally. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Samolyuk, GD (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8540 EP 8542 DI 10.1063/1.1455614 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400237 ER PT J AU Mao, M Cerjan, C Kools, J AF Mao, M Cerjan, C Kools, J TI Physical properties of spin-valve films grown on naturally oxidized metal nano-oxide surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB The physical properties of spin-valve films NiFe 25 Angstrom/CoFe 10 Angstrom/Cu(t(Cu))/CoFe 30 Angstrom/IrMn 70 A/Ta 20 Angstrom with graded Cu layer thickness (t(Cu)=18-45 Angstrom) grown on the surface of metal nano-oxide layers (NOLs) were studied. The NOLs were formed from ultrathin Al, Cr, Cu, Nb, Ta, CoFe, NiFe, and NiFeCr layers by natural oxidation. The growth of the spin-valve films on NOLs has led to an enhancement in giant magnetoresistance value by up to 48%. A corresponding reduction in minimum film resistance by over 10% confirms that this enhancement originates from an increase in the mean free path of spin-polarized electrons due to the resultant specular reflection at the nano-oxide surfaces. A wide spectrum of oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling dependence on t(Cu) for these NOL-bearing films suggests that a specular nano-oxide surface does not necessarily result in a smoother multilayer structure. The observation of an enhanced exchange biasing among these spin-valve films appears in contradiction to the observed deterioration of their crystallographic quality. As an important application, TaOx, CrOx, and NbOx could be employed as an alternative to AlOx as the barrier layer for magnetic tunnel junctions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Veeco Instruments Inc, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mao, M (reprint author), Veeco Instruments Inc, 3100 Laurelview Ct, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RI Kools, Jacques/A-3863-2013 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8560 EP 8562 DI 10.1063/1.1455615 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400244 ER PT J AU Leib, J Snyder, JE Lo, CCH Paulsen, JA Xi, P Jiles, DC AF Leib, J Snyder, JE Lo, CCH Paulsen, JA Xi, P Jiles, DC TI Magnetic force microscopy characterization of a first-order transition: Magnetic-martensitic phase transformation in Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON AB The magnetic-martensitic phase transformation of Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) (xapproximate to0.5), which occurs close to room temperature, has been observed for the first time using a magnetic force microscope (MFM) equipped with a heating-cooling stage. MFM images obtained from a polycrystalline Gd-5(Si2.09Ge1.91) sample and single crystal Gd-5(Si1.95Ge2.05) and Gd-5(Si2Ge2) samples showed transition to a domain structure at low temperatures indicative of a ferromagnetic phase. Some samples exhibited complex domain structures, suggesting that Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) (xapproximate to0.5) has a strong magnetic anisotropy. As the sample temperature increased the domain structure diminished, reflecting the transformation from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. On cooling the sample the domain structure reappeared, but at a lower transformation temperature than on heating. This magnetic phase transformation is highly unusual because it is an "order-disorder" phase transition, which is normally second order, but in this case the "order-disorder" (ferromagnetic to paramagnetic) transition exhibits hysteresis in temperature, indicating that it is first order. Such thermal hysteresis in phase transformation was also observed in thermal expansion experiments. The transformation temperatures obtained in the MFM study are in good agreement with those determined from thermal expansion data. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Leib, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 2 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8852 EP 8854 DI 10.1063/1.1456059 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400341 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Kenkel, JM Pecharsky, VK Jiles, DC AF Lee, SJ Kenkel, JM Pecharsky, VK Jiles, DC TI Permanent magnet array for the magnetic refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID FLUX SOURCES; FIELD AB Recent research into the development of magnetic refrigeration (MR) operating at room temperature has shown that it can provide a reliable, energy-efficient cooling system. To enhance the cooling power of the magnetic refrigerator, it is required to use a magnetic refrigerant material with large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) at the appropriate temperature. Most advanced magnetic refrigerant materials show largest MCE at high applied magnetic fields generated by a superconducting magnet. For application of MCE to air conditioners or household refrigerators, it is essential to develop a permanent magnet array to form a compact, strong, and energy-efficient magnetic field generator. Generating a magnetic field well above the remanence of a permanent magnet material is hard to achieve through conventional designs. A permanent magnet array based on a hollow cylindrical flux source is found to provide an appropriate geometry and magnetic field strength for MR applications. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 12 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 8894 EP 8896 DI 10.1063/1.1451906 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RY UT WOS:000175576400355 ER PT J AU Sault, AG Ruffner, JA Mudd, JE Miller, JE AF Sault, AG Ruffner, JA Mudd, JE Miller, JE TI Deposition and characterization of highly oriented Mg-3(VO4)(2) thin-film catalysts 3. Effect of exposure to reaction conditions SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; VMGO CATALYST; PROPANE AB The response of oriented and amorphous thin films of magnesium orthovanadate (Mg-3(VO4)(2)) to reactive conditions typically encountered during oxidative dehydrogenation demonstrates that these films are excellent models for bulk Mg-3(VO4)(2) powder catalysts. Fully oxidized films show little change in surface composition or chemical state upon treatment in propane, oxygen, or propane/oxygen mixtures at 673 K. As the films become more oxygen deficient, changes in both composition and chemical state are observed at the film surfaces. Reductive treatments in pure propane generally result in at least partial reduction of surface vanadium from V5+ to V3+, and enhancement of the vanadium surface concentration. Oxidative treatments in pure oxygen reverse these effects. Behavior is highly dependent on sample history. Initial oxidation treatments reduce the magnitude of the response of the film to subsequent reduction/oxidation cycles, while initial reduction treatments increase the magnitude of the response of the film to subsequent oxidation/reduction cycles. These effects are purely kinetic in nature and can be understood from consideration of the chemical behavior of oxygen vacancies in Mg-3(VO4)(2). These observations suggest that under reaction conditions magnesium vanadate surface composition may be quite dynamic, and that such dynamic variations must be considered when developing active site models for these catalysts. Comparison of the response of amorphous and (021)-oriented films provides a first indication that reactions over these catalysts may be structure sensitive. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalyt & Porous Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Elect & Opt Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sault, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalyt & Porous Mat Dept, MS 0807, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 208 IS 1 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1006/jcat.2002.3550 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 552VC UT WOS:000175639900002 ER PT J AU McDaniel, AH Lutz, AE Allendorf, MD Rice, SF AF McDaniel, AH Lutz, AE Allendorf, MD Rice, SF TI Effects of methane and ethane on the heterogeneous production of water from hydrogen and oxygen over platinum in stagnation flow SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE platinum; partial oxidation; kinetic model; methane; ethane; hydrogen; inhibition; stagnation flow ID MILLISECOND CONTACT TIMES; PARTIAL OXIDATION; CATALYTIC COMBUSTION; KINETIC-MODEL; CONVERSION; PALLADIUM; REACTOR; DEHYDROGENATION; MONOLITHS; SURFACES AB The effects of CH4 and C2H6 on the catalytic production of water from hydrogen-rich mixtures are investigated in a stagnation flow reactor using a combination of experimental and numerical methods. The analytical treatment assesses the accuracy of a detailed elementary reaction mechanism recently proposed for partial oxidation of ethane in short-contact-time reactors. Both CH4 and C2H6 inhibit the heterogeneous water-forming chemistry, as evidenced by a strong correlation between the net water production, light-off temperature, and mole fraction of hydrocarbon in the reactor. The effects Of C2H6 on Pt are more pronounced than those of. CH4, due to its propensity for forming carbonaceous overlayers on the catalyst surface. A general kinetic mechanism used successfully to describe partial oxidation Of C2H6 over Pt-impregnated monoliths could not reproduce the experimental observations. Discrepancies between model chemistry and experiment reveal possible avenues for the improvement of the mechanism. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McDaniel, AH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9052,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 208 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1006/jcat.2002.3547 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 552VC UT WOS:000175639900004 ER PT J AU Argyle, MD Chen, KD Bell, AT Iglesia, E AF Argyle, MD Chen, KD Bell, AT Iglesia, E TI Effect of catalyst structure on oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane on alumina-supported vanadia SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDE CATALYSTS; V2O5/GAMMA-AL2O3 CATALYSTS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; N-BUTANE; MOLYBDENUM; ALKANES; REACTIVITY; RAMAN AB The catalytic properties of Al2O3-supported vanadia with a wide range of VOx surface density (1.4-34.2 V/nm(2)) and structure were examined for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane. UV-visible and Raman spectra showed that vanadia is dispersed predominately as isolated monovanadate species below similar to2.3 V/nm(2). As surface densities increase, two-dimensional poly-vanadates appear (2.3-7.0 V/nm(2)), along with increasing amounts of V2O5 crystallites at surface densities above 7.0 V/nm(2). The rate constant for oxidative dehydrogenation (k(1)) and its ratio with alkane and alkene combustion (k(2)/k(1) and k(3)/k(1), respectively) were compared for both alkane reactants as a function of vanadia surface density. Propene formation rates (per V atom) are approximately eight times higher than ethene formation rates at a given reaction temperature, but the apparent ODH activation energies (El) are similar for the two reactants and relatively insensitive to vanadia surface density. Ethene and propene formation rates (per V atom) are strongly influenced by vanadia surface density and reach a maximum value at intermediate surface densities (similar to8 V/nm(2)). The ratio of k(2)/k(1) depends weakly on reaction temperature, indicating that activation energies for alkane combustion and ODH reactions are similar. The ratio of k(2)/k(1) is independent of surface density for ethane but increases slightly with vanadia surface density for propane, suggesting that isolated structures prevalent at low surface densities are slightly more selective for alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The ratio of k(3)/k(1) decreases markedly with increasing reaction temperature for both ethane and propane ODH. Thus, the apparent activation energy for alkene combustion (E-3) is much lower than that for alkane dehydrogenation (E-1) and the difference between these two activation energies decreases with increasing surface density. The lower alkene selectivities observed at high vanadia surface densities are attributed to an increase in alkene adsorption enthalpies with increasing vanadia surface density. The highest yield of alkene is obtained for catalysts containing predominantly isolated monovanadate species and operated at high temperatures that avoid homogeneous reactions (< similar to800 K). (C) 2002 Elsevier science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Argyle, Morris/A-8702-2009; Argyle, Morris/D-4952-2013; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Argyle, Morris/0000-0001-9430-9145; Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 32 TC 206 Z9 208 U1 14 U2 95 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 208 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1006/jcat.2002.3570 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 552VC UT WOS:000175639900015 ER PT J AU Shahu, M Yang, CH Pibel, CD McIlroy, A Taatjes, CA Halpern, JB AF Shahu, M Yang, CH Pibel, CD McIlroy, A Taatjes, CA Halpern, JB TI Vinyl radical visible spectroscopy and excited state dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; ELECTRONIC STATES; NM REGION; C2H3; PHOTODISSOCIATION; FORMALDEHYDE; MOLECULES; RESONANCE AB The vinyl radical (C2H3)(A) over tilde (2)A"<--(X) over tilde (2)A' spectrum has been measured between 530 and 385 nm using cavity-ringdown spectroscopy. The active vibrational progressions involve C-C stretching and alpha H-C-C bending vibrations. Optimal rotational constants and linewidths were determined for the first four vibrational bands by modeling the spectrum as an asymmetric top. The best-fit rotational constants obtained for the excited electronic state are consistent with the molecular geometry predicted by ab initio calculations. The lifetime of the vibrationless level in the excited electronic state is estimated to be a few picoseconds, and increasing vibrational excitation leads to a decrease in the lifetime, based upon an increasing linewidth. Various possibilities for the predissociation mechanism are discussed. The most likely is judged to be a conical intersection or seam of intersections. A preliminary CASSCF calculation has found the point on the relevant potential energy surfaces at which the ground and electronically excited states are closest. While the geometry and other properties of this crossing point are in accord with the experimental results, the calculated position of the point of closest approach of the two electronic states lies considerably (>1 eV, including zero-point energy) above the already predissociative (S) over tilde (2)A" state origin. Other mechanisms are also discussed to account for the observed rapid predissociation. Clearly there is a need for a higher level theoretical work on this problem. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Ctr Study Terr & Extraterr Atmospheres, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Shahu, M (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 19 BP 8343 EP 8352 DI 10.1063/1.1471909 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546VY UT WOS:000175297600013 ER PT J AU Asaki, MLT Redondo, A Zawodzinski, TA Taylor, AJ AF Asaki, MLT Redondo, A Zawodzinski, TA Taylor, AJ TI Dielectric relaxation of electrolyte solutions using terahertz transmission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; THZ REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS NACL SOLUTIONS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; LIQUID WATER; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; PULSE SPECTROSCOPY; COMMON SOLVENTS; SPECTRA AB We use terahertz (THz) transmission spectroscopy to obtain the frequency dependent complex dielectric constants of water, methanol, and propylene carbonate, and solutions of lithium salts in these solvents. The behavior of the pure solvents is modeled with either two (water) or three (methanol and propylene carbonate) Debye relaxations. We discuss the effects of ionic solvation on the relaxation behavior of the solvents in terms of modifications to the values of the Debye parameters of the pure solvents. In this way we obtain estimates for numbers of irrotationally bound solvent molecules, the numbers of bonds broken or formed, and the effects of ions on the higher-frequency relaxations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asaki, MLT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 47 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 19 BP 8469 EP 8482 DI 10.1063/1.1468888 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546VY UT WOS:000175297600027 ER PT J AU Hamilton, WA Porcar, L Butler, PD Warr, GG AF Hamilton, WA Porcar, L Butler, PD Warr, GG TI Local membrane ordering of sponge phases at a solid-solution interface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DILUTE SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; LYOTROPIC LAMELLAR PHASES; X-RAY; FLUID MEMBRANES; MACROSCOPIC SURFACES; MULTILAYER SYSTEMS; STERIC INTERACTION; TRANSITION; REFLECTION AB We report a study of the ordering of the surfactant membranes of cetylpyridiniumchloride-hexanol in heavy brine sponge phase solutions in the proximity of a quartz surface by simultaneous neutron reflectometry (NR) and "near surface" small angle neutron scattering (NS-SANS) measurement in a reflection geometry sample cell. The NR results indicate layered surface ordering correlated with the solid-solution interface and decaying exponentially with depth over distances corresponding to a few membrane separations. The absolutely normalized NS-SANS results are consistent with conventional bulk SANS measurements, also indicating that the layered ordering established very near the surface does not constitute a phase of significant volume. We have compared this local surface ordering with the dilution behavior observed for sponge and lamellar phases in the bulk. At low membrane volume fraction the surface layering periodicity corresponds to the bulk sponge correlation peak, but approaches the smaller periodicities measured for lamellar systems at the same membrane volume fraction at higher concentrations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Hamilton, WA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 62 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 19 BP 8533 EP 8546 DI 10.1063/1.1469602 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546VY UT WOS:000175297600034 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV Cummings, PT TI Multicomponent mixture of charged hard-sphere chain molecules in the polymer mean-spherical approximation (vol 115, pg 540, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction ID POLYELECTROLYTES C1 Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitski Str 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 19 BP 8637 EP 8637 DI 10.1063/1.1471902 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 546VY UT WOS:000175297600048 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Zheng, F Laucks, ML Davis, EJ AF Zhu, JH Zheng, F Laucks, ML Davis, EJ TI Mass transfer from an oscillating microsphere SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE elastic light scattering; electrodynamic balance; evaporation, mass transfer; oscillation ID ELECTRODYNAMIC BALANCE; STABILITY CHARACTERISTICS; DROPLET AB The enhancement of mass transfer from single oscillating aerocolloidal droplets having initial diameters similar to40 mum has been measured using electrodynamic levitation to trap and oscillate a droplet evaporating in nitrogen gas. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillation were controlled by means of ac and dc fields applied to the ring electrodes of the electrodynamic balance (EDB). Elastic light scattering was used to size the droplet. It is shown that the mass transfer process for a colloidal or aerocolloidal particle oscillating in the Stokes flow regime is governed by a Peclet number for oscillation and a dimensionless oscillation parameter that represents the ratio of the diffusion time scale to the oscillation time scale. Evaporation rates are reported for stably oscillating droplets that are as much as five times the rate for evaporation in a stagnant gas. The enhancement is substantially larger than that predicted by quasi-steady-flow mass transfer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Sichuan Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Davis, EJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Zheng, Feng/C-7678-2009 OI Zheng, Feng/0000-0002-5427-1303 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 249 IS 2 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1006/jcis.2002.8284 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 549EM UT WOS:000175431600013 PM 16290608 ER PT J AU Neylon, MK Marshall, CL Kropf, AJ AF Neylon, MK Marshall, CL Kropf, AJ TI In situ EXAFS analysis of the temperature-programmed reduction of Cu-ZSM-5 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION; EXCHANGED ZSM-5 ZEOLITE; ENERGY-DISPERSIVE XAFS; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITES; DINITROGEN ADSORPTION; CLUSTER-MODELS; SI/AL RATIO AB High resolution in situ EXAFS during temperature-programmed reduction was performed on CuZSM-5 to elucidate the state of copper under reaction conditions. Improvements in hardware and software allowed rapid acquisition of both XANES and EXAFS data during reduction, in particular, allowing observation of characteristic preedge features from various Cu oxidation states. EXAFS fitting and factor analysis of the normalized XANES edge were performed in an attempt to determine the number and type of Cu species present. The data suggests that initially only Cu2+ is present in two different locations on the zeolite; both states reduce to Cu1+ in both H-2 and CO, but under different conditions. Under H2 conditions, migration of Cu1+ to Cu-0 clusters is observed at 450 degreesC, while no metallic state is observed during CO reduction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marshall, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015; Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 19 BP 5457 EP 5465 DI 10.1021/ja0176696 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 550UD UT WOS:000175521200037 PM 11996587 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Vogt, T Hriljac, JA Parise, JB Artioli, G AF Lee, Y Vogt, T Hriljac, JA Parise, JB Artioli, G TI Pressure-induced volume expansion of zeolites in the natrolite family SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; POWDER DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDRATED ZEOLITE; WATER; AMORPHIZATION; SCOLECITE; MESOLITE; PARANATROLITE AB Powder diffraction patterns of the zeolites natrolite (Na16Al16Si24O80-16H(2)O), mesolite (Na-5.33-Ca5.33Al16Si24O80.21.33H(2)O), scolecite (Ca8Al16Si24O80-24H(2)O), and a gallosilicate analogue of natrolite (K-16-Ga16Si24O80.12H(2)O), all crystallizing with a natrolite framework topology, were measured as a function of pressure up to 5.0 GPa with use of a diamond-anvil cell and a 200 mum focused monochromatic synchrotron X-ray beam. Under the hydrostatic conditions mediated by an alcohol and water mixture, all these materials showed an abrupt volume expansion (ca. 2.5% in natrolite) between 0.8 and 1.5 GPa without altering the framework topology. Rietveld refinements using the data collected on natrolite show that the anomalous swelling is due to the selective sorption of water from the pressure-transmission fluid expanding the channels along the a- and b-unit cell axes, This gives rise to a "superhydrated" phase of natrolite with an approximate formula of Na16Al16Si24O80.32H(2)O, which contains hydrogen-bonded helical water nanotubes along the channels. In mesolite, which at ambient pressure is composed of ordered layers of sodium- and calcium-containing channels in a 1:2 ratio along the b-axis, this anomalous swelling is accompanied by a loss of the superlattice reflections (b(mesoite) = 3b(natrolite)). This suggests a pressure-induced order-disorder transition involving the motions of sodium and calcium cations either through cross-channel diffusion or within the respective channels. The powder diffraction data of scolecite, a monoclinic analogue of natrolite where all sodium cations are substituted by calcium and water molecules, reveal a reversible pressure-induced partial amorphization under hydrostatic conditions. Unlike the 2-dimensional swelling observed in natrolite and mesolite, the volume expansion of the potassium gallosilicate natrolite is 3-dimensional and includes the lengthening of the channel axis. In addition, the expanded phase, stable at high pressure, is retained at ambient conditions after pressure is released. The unprecedented and intriguing high-pressure crystal chemistry of zeolites with the natrolite framework topology is discussed here relating the different types of volume expansion to superhydration. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Geosci Dept, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Studi Milano, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yollee@bnl.gov; tvogt@bnl.gov RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Artioli, Gilberto/F-2149-2015; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Artioli, Gilberto/0000-0002-8693-7392; NR 40 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 19 BP 5466 EP 5475 DI 10.1021/ja0255960 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 550UD UT WOS:000175521200038 PM 11996588 ER PT J AU Rider, KB Hwang, KS Salmeron, M Somorjai, GA AF Rider, KB Hwang, KS Salmeron, M Somorjai, GA TI High-pressure (1 Torr) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the coadsorption and exchange of CO and NO on the Rh(111) crystal face SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DESORPTION-KINETICS; AUTOMATED TENSOR LEED; NITRIC-OXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; SIMULTANEOUS BRIDGE; THERMAL-DESORPTION; SUPPORTED RHODIUM; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; DYNAMICAL LEED AB The coadsorption of CO and NO on Rh(111) at room temperature was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in the catalytically relevant range of similar to1 Torr. For gas mixtures where NO is not in large excess, a mixed layer with (2x2) structure is formed. The difference in binding energy between CO and NO on top sites was determined from the measured surface (by direct counting in STM images) and gas mole fractions of each species. A model for the molecular structure is proposed based on the analysis of exchange events between CO and NO molecules in the images. In this model as the partial pressure of NO increases, NO molecules occupy hollow sites first, by displacing CO, and top sites later, where they coexist with CO. As the surface fraction of NO increases, favorable NO-NO interactions cause the formation of segregated NO-rich regions. As with pure NO, a phase transition from the (2x2)-NO to the (3x3)-NO structure takes place in the NO-rich regions at high NO concentration. These results demonstrate the unique ability of STM to obtain molecular-level information under catalytic pressure conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 19 BP 5588 EP 5593 DI 10.1021/ja020055w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 550UD UT WOS:000175521200052 PM 11996602 ER PT J AU Wohletz, K AF Wohletz, K TI Water/magma interaction: some theory and experiments on peperite formation SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peperite; hydrovolcanism; fragmentation; explosion phenomena; experiments; fuel-coolant interaction ID MAGMATIC SILICATE LIQUIDS; PHREATOMAGMATIC EXPLOSIONS; FLUIDIZATION; MODEL; SIZE AB Experiments, using molten thermite as a magma analog, produce peperite when the melt interacts with wet sand. These experiments also show explosive behavior, developing Strombolian- and Surtseyan-like bursts. The results demonstrate that the application of fuel-coolant interaction (FCI) theory is appropriate for interpretation of peperites. The theory described includes discussion of the importance of mass interaction ratios of wet sediment and magma (R-s), which determine thermal equilibrium temperature limits and contact interface dynamics. The dynamics of the interface between magma and wet sediments involves heat transfer over a wide range of rates from passive quenching to explosive fragmentation. A vapor film layer develops at the interface and acts both as an insulating barrier, promoting passive quenching, as well as a potential energy reservoir that can cause magma fragmentation, mingling of the magma with wet sediments, and explosive quenching when the vapor film becomes unstable. An important parameter in determining the behavior of the vapor film is the value of R-s which controls whether heat can be convectively removed from the layer as more is being added from its contact with magma. If R-s > 1 for fully saturated sediments, there is enough water in the sediments to make convective heat flow effective in quenching the magma, but below that value, there is the potential that the vapor film will be unstable, producing highly dynamic phenomena, including explosive fragmentation. At values of R-s < 0.1 there is insufficient water to allow the escalation of explosive fragmentation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohletz, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 19 EP 35 AR PII S0377-0273(01)00280-3 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00280-3 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 567HK UT WOS:000176479200003 ER PT J AU Lavine, A Aalto, KR AF Lavine, A Aalto, KR TI Morphology of a crater-filling lava lake margin, The Peninsula tuff cone, Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, California: implications for formation of peperite textures SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE peperite; lava lake; tuff cone; Rayleigh-Taylor instability ID NORTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA; JAPAN; FLUIDIZATION; AUSTRALIA; SEDIMENTS; EXAMPLES; SILLS; MAGMA AB A crater-filling lava lake basalt at The Peninsula tuff cone in northeastern California has features on its base formed by interaction of the basalt with wet hydrovolcanic tuff. A spectrum of features, including elongated, streamlined, flute-shaped lobes, and irregular corrugations, are exposed on the base of the lava lake. Flute-shaped lobes range in amplitude from several centimeters to 0.5 m, plunge downdip with respect to the subjacent layered tuff toward the center of the crater, and are better defined at depths more than 3 in below the lava take surface. These may have been formed by growth of Rayleigh-Taylor instability waves caused by the density contrast between the wet tuff and basalt, combined with directed stress from flow of the lava lake radially outward from the crater. Formation of an insulating vapor film at the wet tuff-basalt interface and downward pressure exerted by the lava lake allowed the edge of the lava lake to quench gradually, and prevented formation of peperite at greater depths in the lake. Corrugations exposed on the upper 1.5 m of the lava lake margin increase in size from several millimeters to 10 cm in amplitude toward the top of the lava lake and approximately parallel the surface. Corrugations may be the remnant of fluidal peperite preserved on the edge of the lava lake, where the peperite was eroded, or may be deformation features formed within an insulating vapor film due to oscillation of the vapor film. These were formed higher in the lava lake, where the lava lake basalt was thinner, wet tuff deposits confining the lava lake were thinner, and temperature differences between the wet tuff and lava were greater. If corrugations represent deformation of the lava edge within the vapor film, rather than peperite formation, they preserve an intermediate process that is involved in the formation of peperite. This study offers a unique opportunity to evaluate some of the initial mechanisms involved in the formation of peperite based on features preserved in the lava where the host rock. in this case hydrovolcanic tuff, has been eroded but the properties of the host rock are known from adjacent exposures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Risk Anal Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lavine, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Geol & Risk Anal Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 114 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 147 EP 163 AR PII S0377-0273(01)00285-2 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00285-2 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 567HK UT WOS:000176479200012 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Our molecular future. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Burton, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 9 BP 123 EP 123 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 553WK UT WOS:000175699500218 ER PT J AU Lindenberg, AM Kang, I Johnson, SL Falcone, RW Heimann, PA Chang, Z Lee, RW Wark, JS AF Lindenberg, AM Kang, I Johnson, SL Falcone, RW Heimann, PA Chang, Z Lee, RW Wark, JS TI Coherent control of phonons probed by time-resolved x-ray diffraction SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC PHONONS; STREAK-CAMERA; QUANTUM-WELLS; PULSE; OSCILLATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Time-resolved x-ray diffraction with picosecond temporal resolution is used to probe the product state of a coherent control experiment in which a single acoustic mode in a bulk semiconductor is driven to large amplitude or canceled out. It is demonstrated that by shaping ultrafast acoustic pulses one can coherently control the x-ray diffraction efficiency of a crystal on the time scale of a vibrational period, with application to coherent switching of x-ray beams. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Lindenberg, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Johnson, Steven/B-3252-2008; Chang, Zenghu/K-8143-2012 OI Johnson, Steven/0000-0001-6074-4894; Chang, Zenghu/0000-0001-9015-0747 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 10 BP 869 EP 871 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000869 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 555GJ UT WOS:000175786100025 PM 18007955 ER PT J AU Spence, JCH Weierstall, U Howells, M AF Spence, JCH Weierstall, U Howells, M TI Phase recovery and lensless imaging by iterative methods in optical, X-ray and electron diffraction SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diffraction; phase recovery; lensless imaging; phase problem; coherent imaging ID RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; RETRIEVAL; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; BRIGHTNESS; IMAGES; CARBON AB Thomas Young's quantitative analysis of interference effects provided the confidence needed to revive the wave theory of light, and firmly established the concept of phase in optics. Phase plays a similarly fundamental role in matter-wave interferometry, for which the field-emission electron microscope provides ideal instrumentation. The wave-particle duality is vividly demonstrated by experimental 'Young's fringes' using coherent electron beams under conditions in which the flight time is less than the time between particle emission. A brief historical review is given of electron interferometry and holography, including the Aharonov-Bohm effect and the electron Sagnac interferometer. The simultaneous development of phase-contrast imaging at subnanometre spatial resolution has greatly deepened our understanding of atomic processes in biology, materials science and condensed-matter physics, while electron holography has become a routine tool for the mapping of electrostatic and magnetic fields in materials on a nanometre scale. The encoding of phase information in scattered far-field intensities is discussed, and non-interferometric, non-crystallographic methods for phase retrieval are reviewed in relationship to electron holography. Examples of phase measurement and diffraction-limited imaging using the hybrid input-output iterative algorithm are given, including simulations for soft X-ray imaging, and new experimental results for coherent electron and visible-light scattering. Image reconstruction is demonstrated from experimental electron and visible-light Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. The prospects this provides for lensless imaging using particles for which no lenses exist (such as neutrons, condensates, coherent atom beams and X-rays) are discussed. These new interactions can be expected to provide new information, perhaps, for example, in biology, with the advantage of less damage to samples. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spence, JCH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011 NR 56 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 1794 BP 875 EP 895 DI 10.1098/rsta.2001.0972 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 551BL UT WOS:000175539600006 PM 12804284 ER PT J AU Ivanova, K Shirer, HN Clothiaux, EE Kitova, N Mikhalev, MA Ackerman, TP Ausloos, M AF Ivanova, K Shirer, HN Clothiaux, EE Kitova, N Mikhalev, MA Ackerman, TP Ausloos, M TI A case study of stratus cloud base height multifractal fluctuations SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE strains cloud; cloud base height; fluctuations correlations; power spectrum; detrended fluctuation analysis; multifractals ID EXCHANGE-RATES; GENERALIZED DIMENSIONS; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; LIQUID WATER; TIME-SERIES; PERSISTENCE; SPECTRUM; USD AB The complex structure of a typical stratus cloud base height (or profile) time series is analyzed with respect to the variability of its fluctuations and their correlations at all experimentally observed temporal scales. Due to the underlying processes that create these time series. they are expected to have multiscaling properties. For obtaining reliable measures of these scaling properties, different methods of statistical analysis are used herein: power spectral density, detrended fluctuation analysis, and multifractal analysis. This broad set of diagnostic techniques is applied to a typical stratus cloud base height (CBH) data set; data were obtained from the Southern Great Plains site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program of the Department of Energy from a Belfort Laser Ceilometer. First, we demonstrate that this CBH time series is a nonstationary signal with stationary increments. Further, two scaling regimes are found, although the characteristic laws arc quite similar ones. Next, the multi-affine scaling properties are confirmed. The scaling properties of the cloud base height profile of such a continental stratus are found to be similar to those of the marine cloud base height profiles studied by us previously. Some physical interpretation in terms of anomalous diffusion (or fractional random walk) is given for the continental case. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUPRAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. GRASP, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ausloos, M (reprint author), SUPRAS, B5, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 308 IS 1-4 BP 518 EP 532 AR PII S0378-4371(02)00554-X DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(02)00554-X PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 561PY UT WOS:000176151600042 ER PT J AU Carmody, M Marks, LD Merkle, KL AF Carmody, M Marks, LD Merkle, KL TI Current transport along grain boundaries in d-wave superconductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Josephson junction; phase retrieval; grain boundary superconductor; YBCO ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; REDUCED CRITICAL CURRENTS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BICRYSTAL; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCALE; DEPENDENCE AB The use of a classic phase retrieval algorithm has been previously used to determine the local critical current J(c)(x) along the length of grain boundary Josephson junctions that can be characterized using a standard s-wave model. The phase retrieval approach has been modified for use with d-wave dominated superconductors to allow for negative local currents along the boundary. In general solutions to the 1-D phase problem are not unique. however in the present work special constraints are employed experimentally to ensure uniqueness. The various current distribution solutions and their possible uniqueness are explored. The solutions are consistent with most existing d-wave Josephson junction boundary models and can be used to understand the basic current distribution along 45degrees YaBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) grain boundary junctions as well as providing a means for mapping the location of self-generated flux cores. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, Thousand Oaks, CA 91358 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconductiv, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carmody, M (reprint author), Rockwell Int Sci Ctr, 1049 Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA 91358 USA. RI Marks, Laurence/B-7527-2009 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 370 IS 4 BP 228 EP 238 AR PII S0921-4534(01)00946-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00946-7 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 556WD UT WOS:000175871200003 ER PT J AU Bastea, M Bastea, S AF Bastea, M Bastea, S TI Electrical conductivity of lithium at megabar pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSE LITHIUM; EQUATION; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION; THEOREM; METALS; ALKALI; GAS AB We report measurements of the electrical conductivity of a liquid alkali metal-lithium-at pressures up to 1.8 Mbar and fourfold compression, achieved through shock compression experiments. We find that the results are consistent with a departure of the electronic properties of lithium from the nearly free electron approximation at high pressures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bastea, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 193104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.193104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900004 ER PT J AU Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM Lin, SY AF Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM Lin, SY TI Three-dimensional photonic band gaps in modified simple cubic lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL; SYSTEMS; SILICON AB Complete three-dimensional photonic band gaps are found in simple cubic dielectric structures consisting of spheres or cubes on the lattice sites, interconnected with thin rods. The full higher gap, between bands 5 and 6, has a maximum value of 12% for a refractive index contrast of n=3.6, and is considerably larger than in the skeletal structure of simple cubic rods. This gap is about 70% of that in the widely fabricated layer-by-layer structure. In addition, there are large stop bands along the cubic axes. Such structures are candidates for recently emerging advanced semiconductor-processing methods. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205121 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600042 ER PT J AU Carr, ST Tsvelik, AM AF Carr, ST Tsvelik, AM TI Superconductivity and charge-density waves in a quasi-one-dimensional spin-gap system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CROSSOVER; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; PHASES; CHAINS; S=1/2 AB We consider a model of spin-gapped chains weakly coupled by Josephson and Coulomb interactions. Combining such nonperturbative methods as bosonization and the Bethe ansatz to treat the intrachain interactions with the random phase approximation for the interchain couplings and the first corrections to this, we investigate the phase diagram of this model. The phase diagram shows both charge-density wave ordering and superconductivity. These phases are separated by line of critical points which exhibits an approximate SU(2) symmetry. We consider the effects of a magnetic field on the system. We apply the theory to the material Sr2Ca12Cu24O41 and suggest further experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. RP Carr, ST (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Carr, Sam/E-5141-2011; Carr, Sam/M-2264-2013 OI Carr, Sam/0000-0001-7527-0783; Carr, Sam/0000-0001-9995-4944 NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195121 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900056 ER PT J AU Caspersen, KJ Layson, AR Stoldt, CR Fournee, V Thiel, PA Evans, JW AF Caspersen, KJ Layson, AR Stoldt, CR Fournee, V Thiel, PA Evans, JW TI Development and ordering of mounds during metal(100) homoepitaxy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; STEP-EDGE DIFFUSION; COARSENING DYNAMICS; SLOPE SELECTION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; INSTABILITY; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION AB Scanning-tunneling microscopy studies combined with atomistic modeling for Ag/Ag(100) homoepitaxy reveal complex growth behavior at 300 K: initial smooth growth up to similar to25 ML, where three-dimensional (3D) mounds develop from 2D islands; then an extended regime of mound steepening for similar to1000 ML producing unexpected rough growth; and finally an asymptotic regime with cooperative mound ordering and coalescence dynamics quite distinct from that in systems with up-down symmetry. The steepening regime is compressed upon lowering temperature, so while initial growth is rougher, asymptotic growth is actually smoother. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Caspersen, KJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 193407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.193407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900033 ER PT J AU Chen, YR Perebeinos, V Allen, PB AF Chen, YR Perebeinos, V Allen, PB TI Polaronic signatures in mid-infrared spectra: Prediction for LaMnO3 and CaMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; LA1-XCAXMNO3 SYSTEM; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; MANGANITES; ABSORPTION; SPIN; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; EXCITON AB Hole-doped LaMnO3 and electron-doped CaMnO3 form self-trapped electronic states. The spectra of these states have been calculated using a two orbital (Mn e(g) Jahn-Teller) model, from which the nonadiabatic optical conductivity spectra are obtained. In both cases the optical spectrum contains weight in the gap region, whose observation will indicate the self-trapped nature of the carrier states. The predicted spectra are proportional to the concentration of the doped carriers in the dilute regime, with coefficients calculated with no further model parameters. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205207 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600053 ER PT J AU Colarieti-Tosti, M Eriksson, O Nordstrom, L Wills, J Brooks, MSS AF Colarieti-Tosti, M Eriksson, O Nordstrom, L Wills, J Brooks, MSS TI Crystal-field levels and magnetic susceptibility in PuO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL INTERMETALLICS; TIN-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; GROUND-STATE; HCP METALS; PARAMETERS; GRADIENT AB Ground-state electronic structure and crystal-field levels of PuO2 have been calculated by means of a symmetry constrained local density approximation to density-functional theory in terms of total energy differences. The calculated Gamma(1) (ground state) to Gamma(4) (first excited state) excitation energy of 99 meV is in reasonable agreement with the measured value 123 meV from inelastic-neutron-scattering experiments. The measured magnetic susceptibility has been analyzed and its discrepancy with neutron-scattering results is partially removed by the introduction of antiferromagnetic exchange enhancement. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Colarieti Tosti, Massimiliano/D-1360-2015 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Colarieti Tosti, Massimiliano/0000-0002-2036-1060 NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900037 ER PT J AU Greanya, VA Tonjes, WC Liu, R Olson, CG Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG AF Greanya, VA Tonjes, WC Liu, R Olson, CG Chung, DY Kanatzidis, MG TI Angle-resolved photoemission study of the high-performance low-temperature thermoelectric material CsBi4Te6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FIGURE; MERIT AB We report a study of the valence-band electronic structure of the newly discovered thermoelectric material, CsBi4Te6, using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. This material exhibits quasi-one-dimensional behavior, which is related to its unique crystal structure. The highly anisotropic band dispersions might explain the large value of the figure of merit, ZT, observed in the hole-doped systems. Our experimental results are compared with a recent theoretical band-structure calculation. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Greanya, VA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205123 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600044 ER PT J AU Hupalo, M Tringides, MC AF Hupalo, M Tringides, MC TI Regular nanocluster networks on Pb/Si(111)-Pb root 3X root 3 at low temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; STRESS DOMAINS; AU(111); PB/SI(111)-(7X7); RECONSTRUCTION; SURFACES; UNIFORM; GROWTH; PB AB We have observed the formation of highly regular networks of Pb clusters, which extend up to 100 nm in linear size, during the growth of Pb on the Si(111)-Pbalpharoot3x root3 phase at low temperatures 115 K 3d threshold SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID AUGER-SPECTRA; TRANSITION-METALS; CUGEO3; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL; COPPER; RAMAN; ZN; NI AB The interplay between the resonant Raman and the Auger-like regime across the Cu 2p-->3d absorption threshold was investigated. The resonant photoemission experiment performed on CuGeO3 unambiguously shows that a fraction of primary electrons is contributing to the interfering resonant Raman emission even when the noninterfering Cu L3M4,5M4,5 Auger emission is clearly detectable. At the 2p-->3d resonance the autoionization channel prevails over the direct photoemission channel and, in agreement with the Fano theory, a high q value (9+/-2) was extracted from the data by properly tracking the weak resonant emission above the absorption threshold. C1 Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Phys Chim Etat Solide, UMR 8648, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Pagliara, S (reprint author), Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Via Musei 41, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. RI Sangaletti, Luigi/M-9673-2014; OI PAGLIARA, Stefania/0000-0003-2966-3361 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205107 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600028 ER PT J AU Polak, M Fadley, CS Rubinovich, L AF Polak, M Fadley, CS Rubinovich, L TI Effects of composition-dependent interatomic interactions on alloying at the Cr/Fe(100) interface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CR THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; AUGER-ELECTRON; AB-INITIO; FE(100); SEGREGATION; SURFACE; GROWTH AB Energetic factors that govern intermixing and alloying at the Cr/Fe(100) interface are discussed and applied quantitatively in a model based on locally composition-dependent, surface enhanced Cr-Fe interactions. The calculations, employing the free-energy concentration expansion method without any adjustable energetic parameters, are in good agreement with scanning tunneling microscopy results for Cr growth on Fe(100), as reported previously by Davies [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4175 (1996)]. Following a moderate, mixing related increase in Cr surface fraction, at similar to1 ML deposited Cr coverage, a sharp transition from a low similar to10% value to similar to30% Cr is predicted. This transition is closely associated with a change of sign in the composition dependent effective pair interactions reported for this system. According to the calculations for deposited coverages greater than or equal to2 ML, a pure Cr layer is separated at the surface, with 1-2 layer sharp interface and slightly Cr-mixed iron layers underneath. At submonolayer Cr deposited coverages only the latter, diffuse part of the interface prevails. Calculated short-range order pair probabilities at the alloy surface and in the bulk agree with experimental values. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Polak, M (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Chem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. RI Rubinovich, Leonid/F-2321-2012 OI Rubinovich, Leonid/0000-0001-8031-5237 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205404 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600089 ER PT J AU Scheidl, S Vinokur, VM AF Scheidl, S Vinokur, VM TI Quantum Brownian motion in ratchet potentials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; CHAOTIC TRANSPORT; THERMAL RATCHETS; SYSTEM; ARRAYS AB We investigate the dynamics of quantum particles in a ratchet potential subject to an ac force field. We develop a perturbative approach for weak ratchet potentials and force fields. Within this approach, we obtain an analytical description of dc current rectification and current reversals. Transport characteristics for various limiting cases-such as the classical limit, the limit of high or low frequencies, and the limit of high temperatures - are derived explicitly. To gain insight into the intricate dependence of the rectified current on the relevant parameters, we identify characteristic scales and obtain the response of the ratchet system in terms of scaling functions. We pay special attention to inertial effects and show that they are often relevant, for example, at high temperatures. We find that the high-temperature decay of the rectified current follows an algebraic law with a nontrivial exponent, jproportional toT(-17/6). C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scheidl, S (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195305 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900075 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schultz, S Markos, P Soukoulis, CM AF Smith, DR Schultz, S Markos, P Soukoulis, CM TI Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AB We analyze the reflection and transmission coefficients calculated from transfer matrix simulations on finite lengths of electromagnetic metamaterials, to determine the effective permittivity (epsilon) and permeability (mu). We perform this analysis on structures composed of periodic arrangements of wires, split ring resonators (SRRs), and both wires and SRRs. We find the recovered frequency-dependent epsilon and mu are entirely consistent with analytic expressions predicted by effective medium arguments. Of particular relevance are that a wire medium exhibits a frequency region in which the real part of epsilon is negative, and SRRs produce a frequency region in which the real part of mu is negative. In the combination structure, at frequencies where both the recovered real parts of epsilon and mu are simultaneously negative, the real part of the index of refraction is also found to be unambiguously negative. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava 84228, Slovakia. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM drs@sdss.ucsd.edu RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Smith, David/E-4710-2012 NR 16 TC 1438 Z9 1470 U1 50 U2 338 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195104 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900039 ER PT J AU Soares, EA Van Hove, MA Walters, CF McCarty, KF AF Soares, EA Van Hove, MA Walters, CF McCarty, KF TI Structure of the alpha-Al2O3(0001) surface from low-energy electron diffraction: Al termination and evidence for anomalously large thermal vibrations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ALUMINA SURFACES; OXIDE SURFACES; ALPHA-ALUMINA; ALPHA-FE2O3(0001); SUBSTRATE; SAPPHIRE; CRYSTAL AB We use dynamical low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) to determine the surface structure of alpha-Al2O3(0001). Sapphire surfaces are prepared in three different ways, and the diffraction results are analyzed using an exhaustive search of possible models. For all sample processing conditions, the clearly favored structure has a single Al layer termination and a large first interlayer contraction. In addition, we find that the aluminum atoms at the surface have unusually large vibrational amplitudes at room temperature, suggestive of an anharmonic vibrational mode. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Soares, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Soares, Edmar/C-2303-2013 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; NR 54 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 19 AR 195405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195405 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556QR UT WOS:000175860900096 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wojtowicz, T Kuryliszyn, I Liu, X Sasaki, Y Furdyna, JK AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wojtowicz, T Kuryliszyn, I Liu, X Sasaki, Y Furdyna, JK TI Effect of the location of Mn sites in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs on its Curie temperature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GROWN GAAS; SCALE; MN)AS; (GA AB We report a strong correlation between the location of Mn sites in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs measured by combined channeling Rutherford backscattering and by particle-induced x-ray emission experiments and its Curie temperature. The concentrations of free holes determined by electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling and of uncompensated Mn2+ spins determined from superconducting quantum-interference device magnetization measurements are found to depend on the concentration of unstable defects involving highly mobile Mn interstitials. This leads to large variations in T-C of Ga1-xMnxAs when it is annealed at different temperatures in a narrow temperature range. The fact that annealing under various conditions has failed to produce Curie temperatures above similar to110 K is attributed to the existence of an upper limit on the free hole concentration in low-temperature-grown Ga1-xMnxAs. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94549 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94549 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 25 TC 458 Z9 461 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 201303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.201303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600010 ER PT J AU Aharony, O Berkooz, M Silverstein, E AF Aharony, O Berkooz, M Silverstein, E TI Nonlocal string theories on AdS(3)xS(3) and stable nonsupersymmetric backgrounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BRANES AB We exhibit a simple class of exactly marginal "double-trace" deformations of two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) which have AdS(3) duals, in which the deformation is given by a product of left- and right-moving U(1) currents. In this special case the deformation on AdS(3) is generated by a local boundary term in three dimensions, which changes the physics also in the bulk via bulk-boundary propagators. However, the deformation is nonlocal in six dimensions and on the string world sheet, as in generic nonlocal string theories. Because of the simplicity of the deformation we can explicitly make computations in the nonlocal string theory and compare them to CFT computations, and we obtain precise agreement. We discuss the effect of the deformation on closed strings and on D branes. The examples we analyze include a supersymmetry-breaking but exactly marginal "double-trace" deformation, which is dual to a string theory in which no destabilizing tadpoles are generated for moduli nonperturbatively in all couplings, despite the absence of supersymmetry. We explain how this cancellation works on the gravity side in string perturbation theory, and also nonperturbatively at leading order in the deformation parameter. We also discuss possible flat space limits of our construction. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Aharony, O (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 10 AR 106007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.106007 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 555BY UT WOS:000175774200102 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Langacker, P Perelstein, M AF Davoudiasl, H Langacker, P Perelstein, M TI Constraints on large extra dimensions from neutrino oscillation experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE COMPACT DIMENSIONS; STERILE NEUTRINO; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; SEARCH; MODELS; APPEARANCE; MILLIMETER; MATTER; B-8 AB The existence of bulk sterile neutrinos in theories with large extra dimensions can naturally explain small 4-dimensional Dirac masses for the active neutrinos. We study a model with 3 bulk neutrinos and derive various constraints on the size of the extra dimensions from neutrino oscillation experiments. Our analysis includes recent solar and atmospheric data from SNO and Super-Kamiokande, respectively, as well as various reactor and accelerator experiments. In addition, we comment on possible extensions of the model that could accommodate the LSND results, using natural parameters only. Our most conservative bound, obtained from the atmospheric data in the hierarchical mass scheme, constrains the largest extra dimension to have a radius R<0.82 mum. Thus, in the context of the model studied here, future gravitational experiments are unlikely to observe the effects of extra dimensions. C1 Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hooman@ias.edu; pgl@electroweak.hep.upenn.edu; meperelstein@lbl.gov NR 50 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 10 AR 105015 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.105015 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 555BY UT WOS:000175774200088 ER PT J AU Dodelson, S Stewart, E AF Dodelson, S Stewart, E TI Scale dependent spectral index in slow roll inflation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; POWER SPECTRUM; UNIVERSE; PERTURBATION; CONSTRAINTS; PHYSICS; ENERGY AB Recent observations suggest that the spectral index of the primordial perturbations is very close to unity, as expected in models of slow roll inflation. It is still possible for such models to produce spectra which are scale dependent. We present a formula for the spectrum produced by an arbitrary inflaton potential (within the context of slow roll models). This formula explicitly accounts for the possiblity of scale dependence agreeing with previous results when the running is small, but also giving accurate results (as opposed to previous formulas) in the more interesting case when running is non-negligible. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Stewart, Ewan/C-1565-2011 NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 10 AR 101301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.101301 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 555BY UT WOS:000175774200001 ER PT J AU Kallosh, R Linde, A Prokushkin, S Shmakova, M AF Kallosh, R Linde, A Prokushkin, S Shmakova, M TI Gauged supergravities, de Sitter space, and cosmology SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE SCENARIO; NON-COMPACT GAUGINGS; = 8 SUPERGRAVITY; N=4 SUPERGRAVITY; SCALAR FIELD; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; HYBRID INFLATION; PERTURBATIONS; FLUCTUATIONS; SUPERNOVAE AB We study scalar potentials V of gauged N=8,4,2 supergravities in d=4. Extrema of these potentials may correspond to de Sitter, anti-de Sitter and Minkowski vacua. We find that all known de Sitter extrema correspond to unstable maximum or saddle points with negative curvature parallel toV(')parallel to=2V for the fields canonically normalized at the extremum. This is equivalent to the relation parallel tom(2)parallel to=parallel toRparallel to/2=6H(2) for the tachyonic mass m, the curvature scalar R, and the Hubble constant H. This prevents the use of de Sitter extrema for slow-roll inflation in the early universe, which would require parallel toV(')parallel to200 mum) in blocked impurity band detectors is discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bandaru, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 19 BP 3536 EP 3538 DI 10.1063/1.1479203 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 549UA UT WOS:000175464100024 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Kim, CH Suh, HS Hong, KS AF Lee, JK Kim, CH Suh, HS Hong, KS TI Correlation between internal stress and ferroelectric fatigue in Bi4-xLaxTi3O12 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREE BEHAVIOR; SRBI2TA2O9; CERAMICS; CAPACITORS; TITANATE; TEMPERATURE; BI4TI3O12; ENDURANCE; (PB AB La-substituted bismuth titanate [Bi4-xLaxTi3O12(BLT)] films were synthesized using pulsed-laser deposition and ferroelectric fatigue phenomenon was investigated. The internal strain present in the films, which was analyzed through the evaluation of the x-ray diffraction peak, was partially responsible for the fatigue in BLT films. When xgreater than or equal to0.75, the change in the internal strain was saturated and there was no significant degradation of switching charge, at least up to 10(10) cycles. It revealed that the internal strain, as well as chemical stability of oxygen ions, contributed to the ferroelectric fatigue of the BLT films. The origin of the internal strain is discussed in terms of the lattice mismatch between bulk materials and thin films. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 19 BP 3593 EP 3595 DI 10.1063/1.1477272 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 549UA UT WOS:000175464100043 ER PT J AU Liu, BT Maki, K Aggarwal, S Nagaraj, B Nagarajan, V Salamanca-Riba, L Ramesh, R Dhote, AM Auciello, O AF Liu, BT Maki, K Aggarwal, S Nagaraj, B Nagarajan, V Salamanca-Riba, L Ramesh, R Dhote, AM Auciello, O TI Low-temperature integration of lead-based ferroelectric capacitors on Si with diffusion barrier layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PB(ZR,TI)O-3; GROWTH AB Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate thin films have been integrated on silicon substrates using Ti-Al-based conducting diffusion barriers produced by sputter deposition. The microstructure of the Ti-Al barrier layer was systematically altered through changes in the sputtering conditions, specifically the power density and deposition pressure. We find that the crystallinity of the Ti-Al film strongly correlates with sputtering power density and ambient i.e., it is amorphous at low power density and/or high deposition pressure, and polycrystalline at high power density and/or low deposition pressure. Electron energy loss spectroscopy studies demonstrate that the amorphous Ti-Al (a-Ti-Al) films contain a higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than crystalline Ti-Al. A low temperature sol-gel process has been used to prepare Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 PZT films at 450 degreesC on conducting Si wafers with a-Ti-Al conducting barrier layer and La-Sr-Co-O top and bottom electrodes. The excellent ferroelectric properties obtained with the a-Ti-Al barrier provide a promising approach for integration of PZT-based capacitors with silicon transistor technology for the fabrication of nonvolatile ferroelectric memories. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Supercond Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, BT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009; valanoor, nagarajan/B-4159-2012 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; NR 19 TC 34 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 19 BP 3599 EP 3601 DI 10.1063/1.1477281 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 549UA UT WOS:000175464100045 ER PT J AU Chen, J Lian, J Wang, LM Ewing, RC Boatner, LA AF Chen, J Lian, J Wang, LM Ewing, RC Boatner, LA TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of irradiation-induced amorphization of Gd2Ti2O7 (vol 79, pg 1989, 2001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 19 BP 3650 EP 3650 DI 10.1063/1.1472474 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 549UA UT WOS:000175464100062 ER PT J AU Anastasiou, C Glover, EWN Tejeda-Yeomans, ME AF Anastasiou, C Glover, EWN Tejeda-Yeomans, ME TI Two-loop QED and QCD corrections to massless fermion-boson scattering SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE QCD; jets; LEP HERA and SLC physics; NLO and NNLO computations ID INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; TO-LEADING ORDER; PLANAR DOUBLE BOX; LIGHT-LIKE LEGS; MASTER INTEGRALS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; GLUON SCATTERING; QUARK SCATTERING; NNLO EVOLUTION AB We present the NNLO QCD virtual corrections for q (q) over bar --> ggamma, q (1) over bar --> gammagamma and the NNLO QED virtual corrections for e(-)e(+) --> gammagamma, and all processes related by crossing symmetry. We perform an explicit evaluation of the two-loop diagrams in conventional dimensional regularisation, and our results are renormalised in the MS scheme. The infrared pole structure of the amplitudes is in agreement with the prediction of Catani's general formalism for the singularities of two-loop amplitudes, while expressions for the finite remainder are given for all processes in terms of logarithms and polylogarithms that are real in the physical region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM babis@slac.stanford.edu; e.w.n.glover@durham.ac.uk; tejeda@insti.physics.sunysb.edu RI Glover, Edward/A-4597-2012 OI Glover, Edward/0000-0002-0173-4175 NR 62 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 629 IS 1-3 BP 255 EP 289 AR PII S0550-3213(02)00140-2 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00140-2 PG 35 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 549JJ UT WOS:000175440500007 ER PT J AU Balitsky, II Belitsky, AV AF Balitsky, II Belitsky, AV TI Nonlinear evolution in high-density QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE high energy scattering; saturation; nonlinear evolution equation ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; TO-LEADING APPROXIMATION; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; LIGHT-CONE GAUGE; LOW X REGION; BFKL POMERON; LARGE NUCLEI; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS AB We consider deeply inelastic scattering at very high energies in the saturation regime. The emerging picture corresponds to the propagation of a dipole, the quark-antiquark pair, in a shock wave background. We use the formalism of Wilson lines to study the evolution of dipole densities in energy logarithms. Our analysis results into an equation in multicolor limit which sums leading logs but keeps the nonlinearities up to cubic order in densities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balitsky, II (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 77 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 629 IS 1-3 BP 290 EP 322 AR PII S0550-3213(02)00149-9 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(02)00149-9 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 549JJ UT WOS:000175440500008 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA Davis, K De, K de Jong, SJ Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Frame, KC Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Graham, G Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kim, SK Klima, B Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Negroni, S Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Para, A Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Roco, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Vertogradov, LS Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Z Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA Davis, K De, K de Jong, SJ Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Frame, KC Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Graham, G Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kim, SK Klima, B Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Negroni, S Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Para, A Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Roco, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Vertogradov, LS Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, P Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Z Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for leptoquark pairs decaying into nu nu plus jets in p(p)over-bar collisions at TeV at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK PRODUCTION; HADRON COLLIDERS; 2ND-GENERATION; GENERATION; PHYSICS; HERA AB We present the results of a search for leptoquark (LQ) pairs in (85.2 +/- 3.7) pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collider data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. We observe no evidence for leptoquark production and set a limit on sigma(p (p) over bar -->LQ (LQ) over bar --> nunu + jets) as a function of the mass of the leptoquark (m(LQ)) . Assuming the decay LQ --> nuq, we exclude scalar leptoquarks for m(LQ) < 98 GeV/c(2), and vector leptoquarks for m(LQ) < 200 GeV/c(2) and coupling which produces the minimum cross section, at a 95% confidence level. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. Univ Mediterranee, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 191801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.191801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900007 PM 12005624 ER PT J AU Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S AF Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Transverse-mass dependence of two-pion correlations in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; 2-PION CORRELATIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; AU COLLISIONS; INTERFEROMETRY; REGION; SIZE AB Two-pion correlations in roots(NN) = 130 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC have been measured over a broad range of pair transverse momentum k(T) by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The k(T) dependent transverse radii are similar to results from heavy-ion collisions at roots(NN) = 4.1 , 4.9, and 17.3 GeV, whereas the longitudinal radius increases monotonically with beam energy. The ratio of the outwards to sidewards transverse radii (R-out/R-side) is consistent with unity and independent of k(T) . C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, CNRS,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes 3, France. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Adcox, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 37 TC 147 Z9 151 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 192302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.192302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900009 PM 12005626 ER PT J AU Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S AF Adcox, K Adler, SS Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Aphecetche, L Arai, Y Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Barish, KN Barnes, PD Barrette, J Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bellaiche, FG Belyaev, ST Bennett, MJ Berdnikov, Y Botelho, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, J Butsyk, S Carey, TA Chand, P Chang, J Chang, WC Chavez, LL Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choudhury, RK Christ, T Chujo, T Chung, MS Chung, P Cianciolo, V Cole, BA D'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Dinesh, BV Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Ebisu, K Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Ferdousi, T Fields, DE Fokin, SL Fraenkel, Z Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Godoi, AL Goto, Y Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gupta, SK Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hara, H Hartouni, EP Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Ho, DS Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Imai, K Ippolitov, MS Ishihara, M Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jia, J Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Kametani, S Kang, JH Kann, M Kapoor, SS Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, HJ Kim, SY Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Klinksiek, S Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Li, XH Li, Z Lim, DJ Liu, MX Liu, X Liu, Z Maguire, CF Mahon, J Makdisi, YI Manko, VI Mao, Y Mark, SK Markacs, S Martinez, G Marx, MD Masaike, A Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Merschmeyer, M Messer, F Messer, M Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagasaka, Y Nagle, JL Nakada, Y Nandi, BK Newby, J Nikkinen, L Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Osterman, L Otterlund, I Oyama, K Paffrath, L Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Petridis, AN Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Pitukhin, P Plasil, F Pollack, M Pope, K Purschke, ML Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Rosati, M Rose, AA Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, A Sakaguchi, T Sako, H Sakuma, T Samsonov, V Sangster, TC Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schlei, BR Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Shin, YH Sibiriak, IG Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Simon-Gillo, J Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Stankus, PW Starinsky, N Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugioka, M Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Sumi, Y Sun, Z Suzuki, M Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Taniguchi, E Tannenbaum, MJ Thomas, J Thomas, JH Thomas, TL Tian, W Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tsvetkov, AA Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Ushiroda, T van Hecke, HW Velissaris, C Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vorobyov, A Vznuzdaev, E Wang, H Watanabe, Y White, SN Witzig, C Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yagi, K Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, Z Zhou, S CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Measurement of single electrons and implications for charm production in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; AU COLLISIONS; ULTRARELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; CERN-SPS; HADROPRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIPLICITY; DEPENDENCE; PHOTONS AB Transverse momentum spectra of electrons from Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The spectra show an excess above the background from photon conversions and light hadron decays. The electron signal is consistent with that expected from semileptonic decays of charm. The yield of the electron signal dN(e)/dy for p(T) > 0.8 GeV/c is 0.025 +/- 0.004(stat) +/- 0.010( syst) in central collisions, and the corresponding charm cross section is 380 +/- 60(stat) +/- 200(syst ) mub per binary nucleon-nucleon collision. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, CNRS,IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes 3, France. St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. RP Adcox, K (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 35 TC 148 Z9 147 U1 6 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 192303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.192303 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900010 PM 12005627 ER PT J AU Dallera, C Grioni, M Shukla, A Vanko, G Sarrao, JL Rueff, JP Cox, DL AF Dallera, C Grioni, M Shukla, A Vanko, G Sarrao, JL Rueff, JP Cox, DL TI New spectroscopy solves an old puzzle: The Kondo scale in heavy fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SINGLE IMPURITY MODEL; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VALENCE TRANSITION; PHOTOEMISSION; YBINCU4; YBIN1-XAGXCU4; RESONANCE; SYSTEMS AB Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) yields clear evidence of spectroscopic Kondo scales in heavy fermions. In YbInCu4 and YbAgCu4 RIXS probes the Yb2+ component of the hybrid ground state and the temperature dependence of the Yb 4f occupation. We report a sudden valence change at a phase transition in YbInCu4 , but a continuous temperature dependence in YbAgCu4 , consistent with the predictions of the Anderson impurity model, for a Kondo temperature T-K=70 K . These results solve a long-standing controversy and establish RIXS as a quantitative probe of the electronic structure of strongly correlated electron systems. C1 Politecn Milan, INFM, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, IPN, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 06, Chim Phys Lab, F-75231 Paris, France. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dallera, C (reprint author), Politecn Milan, INFM, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Shukla, Abhay/G-6753-2011; Vanko, Gyorgy/B-8176-2012; Rueff, Jean-Pascal/D-8938-2016 OI Vanko, Gyorgy/0000-0002-3095-6551; Rueff, Jean-Pascal/0000-0003-3594-918X NR 22 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 196403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.196403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900036 PM 12005653 ER PT J AU Fuchs, J Labaune, C Bandulet, H Michel, P Depierreux, S Baldis, HA AF Fuchs, J Labaune, C Bandulet, H Michel, P Depierreux, S Baldis, HA TI Reduction of the coherence time of an intense laser pulse propagating through a plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEOUS COLLISIONAL PLASMAS; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; BEAM; INSTABILITY AB We present direct measurements of the coherence time of a laser beam after propagation through an underdense plasma. At an intensity of 10(14) W/cm(2), a large decrease of the coherence time is observed, from 300 ps to a few picoseconds. This decrease is larger as the plasma density is increased or as the light is scattered at larger angles. The amount of temporal decorrelation as well as the effect of the plasma density, laser intensity, and scattering angle all coincide with trends observed in recent numerical simulations. C1 Univ Paris 06, CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,UMR 7605,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Paris 06, CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CNRS,UMR 7605,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 195003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.195003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900023 PM 12005640 ER PT J AU Kubo, K Akemoto, M Anderson, S Aoki, T Araki, S Bane, KLF Blum, P Corlett, J Dobashi, K Emma, P Frisch, J Fukuda, M Guo, Z Hasegawa, K Hayano, H Higo, T Higurashi, A Honda, Y Iimura, T Imai, T Jobe, K Kamada, S Karataev, P Kashiwagi, S Kim, E Kobuki, T Kotseroglou, T Kurihara, Y Kuriki, M Kuroda, R Kuroda, S Lee, T Luo, X McCormick, DJ McKee, B Mimashi, T Minty, M Muto, T Naito, T Naumenko, G Nelson, J Nguyen, MN Oide, K Okugi, T Omori, T Oshima, T Pei, G Potylitsyn, A Qin, Q Raubenheimer, T Ross, M Sakai, H Sakai, I Schmidt, F Slaton, T Smith, H Smith, S Smith, T Suzuki, T Takano, M Takeda, S Terunuma, N Toge, N Turner, J Urakawa, J Vogel, V Woodley, M Yocky, J Young, A Zimmermann, F AF Kubo, K Akemoto, M Anderson, S Aoki, T Araki, S Bane, KLF Blum, P Corlett, J Dobashi, K Emma, P Frisch, J Fukuda, M Guo, Z Hasegawa, K Hayano, H Higo, T Higurashi, A Honda, Y Iimura, T Imai, T Jobe, K Kamada, S Karataev, P Kashiwagi, S Kim, E Kobuki, T Kotseroglou, T Kurihara, Y Kuriki, M Kuroda, R Kuroda, S Lee, T Luo, X McCormick, DJ McKee, B Mimashi, T Minty, M Muto, T Naito, T Naumenko, G Nelson, J Nguyen, MN Oide, K Okugi, T Omori, T Oshima, T Pei, G Potylitsyn, A Qin, Q Raubenheimer, T Ross, M Sakai, H Sakai, I Schmidt, F Slaton, T Smith, H Smith, S Smith, T Suzuki, T Takano, M Takeda, S Terunuma, N Toge, N Turner, J Urakawa, J Vogel, V Woodley, M Yocky, J Young, A Zimmermann, F CA ATF Collaboration TI Extremely low vertical-emittance beam in the accelerator test facility at KEK SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Electron beams with the lowest, normalized transverse emittance recorded so far were produced and confirmed in single-bunch-mode operation of the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK. We established a tuning method of the damping ring which achieves a small vertical dispersion and small x-y orbit coupling. The vertical emittance was less than 1% of the horizontal emittance. At the zero-intensity limit, the vertical normalized emittance was less than 2.8 x 10(-8) rad m at beam energy 1.3 GeV. At high intensity, strong effects of intrabeam scattering were observed, which had been expected in view of the extremely high particle density due to the small transverse emittance. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 698555, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Sci Univ Tokyo, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Seikei Univ, Tokyo 1808633, Japan. POSTECH, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk 634050, Russia. European Org Nucl Res, Geneva 23, Switzerland. Toho Univ, Chiba 2748510, Japan. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. RP Kubo, K (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RI Kuroda, Ryunosuke/D-2722-2014; urakawa, junji/F-4763-2014; Karataev, Pavel/O-5440-2015 OI Kuroda, Ryunosuke/0000-0002-8970-3321; Karataev, Pavel/0000-0002-1961-3793 NR 16 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 194801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.194801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900020 PM 12005637 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Ethier, S Hahm, TS Tang, WM AF Lin, Z Ethier, S Hahm, TS Tang, WM TI Size scaling of turbulent transport in magnetically confined plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZONAL FLOW; PARTICLE SIMULATION; DRIFT WAVES; TOKAMAKS; BOHM AB Transport scaling with respect to device size in magnetically confined plasmas is critically examined for electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient turbulence using global gyrokinetic particle simulations. It is found, by varying device size normalized by ion gyroradius while keeping other dimensionless plasma parameters fixed, that fluctuation scale length is microscopic in the presence of zonal flows. The local transport coefficient exhibits a gradual transition from a Bohm-like scaling for device sizes corresponding to present-day experiments to a gyro-Bohm scaling for future larger devices. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 24 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 19 AR 195004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.195004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 547GP UT WOS:000175324900024 PM 12005641 ER PT J AU Batygin, YK AF Batygin, YK TI Self-consistent particle distribution of a bunched beam in RF field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE space charge; emittance; bunch ID STABILITY THEOREM; INTENSITY AB An analytical solution for the self-consistent particle equilibrium distribution in an RF field with transverse focusing is found. The solution is attained in the approximation of a high brightness beam. The distribution function in phase space is determined as a stationary function of the energy integral. Equipartitioning of the beam distribution between degrees of freedom follows directly from the choice of the stationary distribution function. Analytical expressions for r-z equilibrium beam profile and maximum beam current in RF field are obtained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Batygin, YK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 66,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 11 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 3 BP 611 EP 628 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01943-X DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01943-X PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 569VH UT WOS:000176622700003 ER PT J AU Adinolfia, M Ambrosino, F Antonelli, M Bini, C Bocci, V Bossi, F Branchini, P Cabibbo, G Caloi, R Carboni, G Casarsa, M Cataldi, G Ciambrone, P Conetti, S De Lucia, E De Simone, P Dell' Agnello, S Denig, A Di Domenico, A Di Donato, C Di Falco, S Doria, A Ferrari, A Finocchiaro, G Forti, C Franceschi, A Franzini, P Gatti, C Gauzzi, P Giovannella, S Graziani, E Incagli, M Kuo, C Lanfranchi, G Martemianov, M Mei, W Messi, R Moccia, S Moulson, M Muller, S Murphy, CT Murtas, F Pacciani, L Palutan, M Pasqualucci, E Passalacqua, L Passeri, A Picca, D Pirozzi, G Pontecorvo, L Primavera, M Santovetti, E Saracino, G Sciascia, B Sfiligoi, I Spadaro, T Spiriti, E Valente, P Valerian, B Venanzoni, G Ventura, A AF Adinolfia, M Ambrosino, F Antonelli, M Bini, C Bocci, V Bossi, F Branchini, P Cabibbo, G Caloi, R Carboni, G Casarsa, M Cataldi, G Ciambrone, P Conetti, S De Lucia, E De Simone, P Dell' Agnello, S Denig, A Di Domenico, A Di Donato, C Di Falco, S Doria, A Ferrari, A Finocchiaro, G Forti, C Franceschi, A Franzini, P Gatti, C Gauzzi, P Giovannella, S Graziani, E Incagli, M Kuo, C Lanfranchi, G Martemianov, M Mei, W Messi, R Moccia, S Moulson, M Muller, S Murphy, CT Murtas, F Pacciani, L Palutan, M Pasqualucci, E Passalacqua, L Passeri, A Picca, D Pirozzi, G Pontecorvo, L Primavera, M Santovetti, E Saracino, G Sciascia, B Sfiligoi, I Spadaro, T Spiriti, E Valente, P Valerian, B Venanzoni, G Ventura, A TI The QCAL tile calorimeter of KLOE SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorimeters in nuclear and particle physics AB The quadrupole tile calorimeters of KLOE (QCAL) are two compact detectors placed close to the interaction point and surrounding the focusing quadrupoles. Their purpose is to increase the hermeticity of KLOE calorimetry. Each QCAL consists of a sampling structure of lead plates and scintillator tiles with wavelength shifter (WLS) fibers and mesh photomultiplier readout arranged in 16 azimuthal sectors. The arrangement of WLS fibers allows the measurement of the longitudinal position of the showers from time of flight. In this paper we describe the QCAL design and assembly and present preliminary results obtained with both cosmic rays and photons from K-L decays. The time and energy calibration procedures are also discussed in detail. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Sezione INFN, ISS, Rome, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Sezione INFN, Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Pisa, Italy. Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy. Univ Roma 3, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Univ Roma 1, Dipartimento Fis, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Sezione INFN, Naples, Italy. Univ Naples, Dipartimento Sci Fis, Naples, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Santovetti, E (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Di Domenico, Antonio/G-6301-2011; De Lucia, Erika/D-2250-2011; Passalacqua, Luca/F-5127-2011; branchini, paolo/A-4857-2011; de Simone, Patrizia/J-3549-2012; Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Lanfranchi, Gaia/P-5174-2015; Murtas, Fabrizio/B-5729-2012; Muller, Stefan/D-5431-2015; Spadaro, Tommaso/A-8471-2010; Gauzzi, Paolo/D-2615-2009; valente, paolo/A-6640-2010; OI Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Santovetti, Emanuele/0000-0002-5605-1662; Carboni, Giovanni/0000-0003-1128-8276; Franceschi, Massimo Alberto/0000-0002-8222-7000; Murtas, Fabrizio/0000-0002-7041-6541; Giovannella, Simona/0000-0002-6243-1215; Di Domenico, Antonio/0000-0001-8078-2759; De Lucia, Erika/0000-0003-0793-0844; Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Lanfranchi, Gaia/0000-0002-9467-8001; Muller, Stefan/0000-0001-6273-7102; Spadaro, Tommaso/0000-0002-7101-2389; Gauzzi, Paolo/0000-0003-4841-5822; Pacciani, Luigi/0000-0001-6897-5996; valente, paolo/0000-0002-5413-0068; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964 NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 11 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 3 BP 649 EP 659 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01929-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01929-5 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 569VH UT WOS:000176622700006 ER PT J AU Wallace, S Stephan, AC Miller, LF Dai, S AF Wallace, S Stephan, AC Miller, LF Dai, S TI Neutron detector based on lithiated sol-gel glass SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE fast neutron detector; sol-gel dopants; lithiated glass; activated silver; surface barrier detector; spent nuclear fuel AB A neutron detector technology is demonstrated based on Li-6/B-10 doped sol-gel glass. The detector is a sot-gel glass film coated silicon surface barrier detector (SBD). The ionized charged particles from (n, alpha) reactions in the sol-gel film enter the SBD and are counted. Data showing that gamma-ray Pulse amplitudes interfere with identifying charged particles that exit the film layer with energies below the gamma-ray energy is presented. Experiments were performed showing the effect of Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma rays oil the SBD detector. The reaction product energies of the triton and alpha particles from Li-6 are significantly greater than the energies of the Compton electrons from high-energy gamma rays, allowing the measurement of neutrons in a high gamma background. The sol-gel radiation detection technology may be applicable to the characterization of transuranic waste, spent nuclear fuel and to the monitoring of stored plutonium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wallace, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 11 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 3 BP 764 EP 773 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01932-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01932-5 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 569VH UT WOS:000176622700017 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JM AF Carpenter, JM TI Time focusing of pulsed-source crystal analyzer spectrometers. Part I: general analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE crystal analyzer spectrometers; backscattering spectrometers; time focusing; neutron scattering; pulsed neutron sources; quasielastic scattering; resolution AB This paper outlines the derivation of an expression for the resolution of a crystal analyzer spectrometer and gives explicit conditions for geometric focusing. The development preserves full 3-dimensional generality so as to guide the choice of geometric parameters in the design of instruments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 11 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 3 BP 774 EP 783 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01937-4 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01937-4 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 569VH UT WOS:000176622700018 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JM Iverson, EB Mildner, DFR AF Carpenter, JM Iverson, EB Mildner, DFR TI Time focusing of pulsed-source crystal analyzer spectrometers. Part II: practical expressions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE crystal analyzer spectrometers; backscattering spectrometers; time focusing; neutron scattering; pulsed neutron sources; quasielastic scattering; resolution ID NEUTRON SOURCE; INELASTIC SPECTROMETER; RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTOMETER; DESIGN AB We develop practical expressions for the focusing conditions of fully general crystal analyzer inelastic neutron scattering instruments having two-dimensionally extended sources (moderators), samples, analyzer crystals, and detectors. We show their relationships to focusing conditions for powder diffraction and single-crystal diffraction instruments. We demonstrate that geometries other than the traditional backscattering arrangement, using more general sample, analyzer, and detector orientation angles, can provide high resolution and offer potential advantages in design. The results apply to the use of mosaic as well as perfect single-crystal analyzers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 11 PY 2002 VL 483 IS 3 BP 784 EP 806 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01938-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01938-6 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 569VH UT WOS:000176622700019 ER PT J AU Segal, SR Anderson, KB Carrado, KA Marshall, CL AF Segal, SR Anderson, KB Carrado, KA Marshall, CL TI Low temperature steam reforming of methanol over layered double hydroxide-derived catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE methanol copper; cobalt; nickel; layered double hydroxide; reforming; hydrogen ID BAEYER-VILLIGER OXIDATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BASIC PROPERTIES; MIXED OXIDES; AL CATALYSTS; HYDROTALCITE; HYDROGEN; ANIONS; DECOMPOSITION; PRECURSORS AB The catalytic production of hydrogen by steam reforming of methanol (SRM) has been carried out over Mg/Al, Cu/Al, Co/Al, and Ni/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs), The catalytic reactions were performed at temperatures of 150-400degreesC and atmospheric pressure. The most efficient catalyst was the Cu/Al LDH, which became active at similar to230 degreesC, with concomitant H-2 production. The Ni/Al and Co/Al LDHs were also active in SRM however, the activation temperature was significantly higher (315-320 degreesC). No catalytic activity was observed for the Mg/Al LDH. Significant LDH decomposition occurred during the catalytic reactions. The reducibility of the divalent cations present in the LDH was a crucial parameter in determining 9 the steam reforming activity of the catalysts, Pre-activation of the Cu/Al LDH by calcination in air (400 degreesC), followed by reduction in dilute H-2 did not significantly change the catalytic activity. The onset of H-2 production was slightly lower for the pre-activated versus as-prepared Cu/Al LDH (similar to218 degreesC), also the CH3OH conversion was 5 - 10% lower. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marshall, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 215 EP 226 AR PII S0926-860X(02)00055-8 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00055-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552VF UT WOS:000175640200020 ER PT J AU Miller, JE Gonzales, MM Evans, L Sault, AG Zhang, C Rao, R Whitwell, G Maiti, A King-Smith, D AF Miller, JE Gonzales, MM Evans, L Sault, AG Zhang, C Rao, R Whitwell, G Maiti, A King-Smith, D TI Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over iron phosphate catalysts SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE oxidative dehydrogenation; ethane; ethylene; catalytic partial oxidation; iron phosphate ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ISOBUTYRIC ACID; OXIDES; PROPANE; SURFACE AB The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane to ethylene over stoichiometric iron phosphate phases, e.g. FePO4, Fe2P2O7, alpha-Fe-3(P2O7)(2) and beta-Fe-3(P2O7)(2), and nonstoichiometric (mixed) iron phosphate phases with P:Fe ratios of 1.2:1 and 2:1 was examined at temperatures ranging from 400 to 675degreesC. The phosphates tend to be unstable under reaction conditions. and generally convert to the quartz-like FePO4 and other phases, depending on stoichiometry. Under certain conditions, the nonstoichiometric phases exhibit an unusual activation behavior in that both selectivity and conversion increase over time. Excellent results were achieved over the active forms of the nonstoichiometric catalysts; ethylene yields approach 50% over a material with a P:Fe ratio of 1.2:1. We were unable to correlate a single crystalline or amorphous phase with catalytic performance. Rather, the evidence suggests that the activity and selectivity results from the migration of phosphorus out of the bulk iron phosphate material to the catalyst and reactor surfaces. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Akzo Nobel, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 USA. Accelrys Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 231 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 292 AR PII S0926-860X(02)00070-4 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00070-4 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552VF UT WOS:000175640200026 ER PT J AU de Kool, M Becker, RH Arav, N Gregg, MD White, RL AF de Kool, M Becker, RH Arav, N Gregg, MD White, RL TI Keck HIRES spectroscopy of the Fe II low-ionization broad absorption line quasar FBQS 0840+3633: Evidence for two outflows on different scales SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (FBQS 0840+3633) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; PARTIAL COVERAGE; EMISSION; SPECTRA; SYSTEMS; TELESCOPE; QSOS AB A Keck echelle spectrum of the quasar FBQS 0840+3633 reveals out owing gas that gives rise to blue-shifted absorption lines of many low-ionization species. The gas covers a range of velocities from 700 to -3500 km s(-1), with two main components centered at -900 and -2800 km s(-1). The physical conditions in the two main velocity components are found to be significantly different and can be attributed to a difference of a factor of similar to100 in the distance from the central continuum source. The low-velocity gas shows absorption lines from excited states with relative strengths that indicate a low density. The level populations of low-lying Ni II Si II and Fe II states cannot be explained with a model based on collisional excitation and a single electron density. The lines of Si II provide an upper limit on the electron density of n(e) < 500 cm(-3), and another excitation mechanism must be responsible for the observed excitation of Fe II and Ni II Assuming that this mechanism is UV fluorescence leads to an estimate of the distance between the low-velocity gas and the active nucleus of &SIM;230 pc. Absorption lines from excited states formed in the high-velocity gas indicate a much higher density. This gas gives rise to Fe III and strong Al III absorption, which indicates that it contains the hydrogen ionization front on our line of sight to the active nucleus. The observed Fe III and Al III column densities and the absence of detectable absorption from the He I 2(3)S state allow us to derive an estimate of the typical distance between the high-velocity gas and the active nucleus of &SIM;1 pc. C1 Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP de Kool, M (reprint author), Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 570 IS 2 BP 514 EP 525 DI 10.1086/339793 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 550WJ UT WOS:000175527100006 ER PT J AU Rivera, JL Predota, M Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT AF Rivera, JL Predota, M Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT TI Vapor-liquid equilibrium simulations of the SCPDP model of water SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POLARIZABLE WATER; SURFACE-TENSION; COEXISTENCE PROPERTIES; INTERFACE; FLUID; FIELD AB Molecular simulations were carried out using the self-consistent point dipole polarizability model (SCPDP) of water in the region of vapor-liquid equilibrium. The methods of isothermal-isochoric molecular dynamics (NVT-MD) and Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) were employed to calculate orthobaric densities and vapor pressures; NVT-MD also yields surface tensions and interface thickness. Agreement was found between the two methods, particularly at lower temperatures, but compared with experimental results, this model over-predicts vapor pressures and densities, and under-predicts the liquid density, surface tension, and interface thickness. The interface thickness predicted by the SCPDP model showed better agreement with experimental results than a simpler extended point charge model (SPC/E). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rivera, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Rivera, Jose/A-2795-2008; Predota, Milan/A-2256-2009; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-6985-7841; Predota, Milan/0000-0003-3902-0992; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 194 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00527-4 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00527-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 558GV UT WOS:000175958700005 ER PT J AU Qi, F Sheng, L Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Baer, T AF Qi, F Sheng, L Ahmed, M Peterka, DS Baer, T TI Exclusive production of excited-state sulfur (D-1) atoms from 193 nm photolysis of thietane SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOFRAGMENT TRANSLATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; NEUTRAL SULFUR; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CS2; RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM; SINGLET AB Tunable synchrotron radiation has been used to probe the dissociation dynamics of thietane (C3H6S) at 193 nm, providing selective determination of the translational energy distribution of both excited (D-1) and ground-state (P-3) sulfur atoms, with momentum-matching to the C3H6 co-fragment. The results suggest that the sulfur atom is produced almost exclusively in its excited (D-1) state, with ground-state (P-3) production less than 5%. The first single-photon ionization efficiency (PIE) spectrum for the S(D-1) state with a resolution of 0.2 eV is reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ms 6 2100 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl L, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Ms 6 2100 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl L, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 3-4 BP 204 EP 208 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00492-X DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00492-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 558GV UT WOS:000175958700007 ER PT J AU Walls, JD Marjanska, M Sakellariou, D Castiglione, F Pines, A AF Walls, JD Marjanska, M Sakellariou, D Castiglione, F Pines, A TI Selective excitation in dipole coupled systems SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; PULSE SEQUENCES; RADIOFREQUENCY PULSES; SPIN-DIFFUSION AB In this Letter the possibility of selective excitation in coupled multispin systems is studied theoretically. A general method of transforming any selective pulse developed for uncoupled systems into a form that is selective in coupled systems is presented. This is accomplished by adding a small perturbation to a decoupling radiofrequency (RF) field. When viewed in an interaction frame given by the decoupling RF field, this method generates, in an averaged sense, a propagator similar to the propagator of uncoupled spins under a shaped RF pulse. Preliminary experimental results are presented for the case of selective excitation in proton nuclear magnetic resonance in liquid crystals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 248 AR PII S0009-2614(02)00493-1 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(02)00493-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 558GV UT WOS:000175958700012 ER PT J AU Smith, BL Glezer, A AF Smith, BL Glezer, A TI Jet vectoring using synthetic jets SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FREE SHEAR FLOWS; AXISYMMETRIC JET; EVOLUTION; INSTABILITIES; EXCITATION AB The interaction between a conventional rectangular (primary) air jet and a co-flowing synthetic jet is investigated experimentally. The nozzles of both jets have the same long dimension but the aspect ratio of the synthetic jet orifice is 25 times larger. Detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements of the flow in the midspan plane show that primary jet fluid is directed into the synthetic jet orifice and the interaction between the jets leads to the formation of a closed recirculating flow domain. The concomitant formation of a low-pressure region between the jets results in deflection of the primary jet toward the actuator jet despite the absence of an extended control surface (e.g. a diffuser or collar) and is balanced by a force on the primary jet conduit. For a given synthetic jet strength and primary jet speed, the vectoring force depends mainly on the volume flow rate of primary jet fluid that is diverted into the synthetic jet actuator. This flow rate is regulated by restricting the flow of entrained ambient fluid using a small streamwise extension of the synthetic jet orifice that scales with the orifice width. The response of the primary jet to the imposed vectoring is investigated using stepped modulation of the driving signal. The characteristic vectoring time and vectoring angle decrease monotonically with primary jet speed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Smith, Barton/H-3585-2011 NR 27 TC 148 Z9 162 U1 2 U2 22 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 458 BP 1 EP 34 DI 10.1017/S0022112001007406 PG 34 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 555GR UT WOS:000175786800001 ER PT J AU Vorobieff, P Ecke, RE AF Vorobieff, P Ecke, RE TI Turbulent rotating convection: an experimental study SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; THERMAL-CONVECTION; NUMBER CONVECTION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; VORTEX STATES; VELOCITY; FLUID; LAYER; WATER AB We present experimental measurements of velocity and temperature fields in horizontal planes crossing a cylindrical Rayleigh-Benard convection cell in steady rotation about its vertical axis. The range of dimensionless rotation rates 0 is from zero to 5 x 101 for a Rayleigh number R = 3.2 x 10(8). The corresponding range of convective Rossby numbers is infinity > Ro > 0.06. The patterns of velocity and temperature and the flow statistics characterize three basic flow regimes. For Ro > 1, the flow is dominated by vortex sheets (plumes) typical of turbulent convection without rotation. The flow patterns for Ro similar to 1 are cyclone-dominated, with anticyclonic vortices rare. As the Rossby number continues to decrease, the number of anticyclonic vortex structures begins to grow but the vorticity PDF in the vicinity of the top boundary layer still shows skewness favouring cyclonic vorticity. Velocity-averaging near the top of the cell suggests the existence of a global circulation pattern for Ro much greater than 1. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Engn Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Engn Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Vorobieff, Peter/B-3376-2011; OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263; Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 40 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 458 BP 191 EP 218 DI 10.1017/S0022112002007814 PG 28 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 555GR UT WOS:000175786800008 ER PT J AU Kim, J Sultan, M AF Kim, J Sultan, M TI Assessment of the long-term hydrologic impacts of Lake Nasser and related irrigation projects in Southwestern Egypt SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater modeling; Nubian aquifer; Aswan high dam; Lake Nasser; Tushka Canal ID WATER AB A two-dimensional groundwater flow model was constructed to investigate the long-term hydrologic impacts of Lake Nasser and the major land reclamation projects that use excess lake water in southwest Egypt. Egypt constructed (1964-1971) the Aswan High Dam, creating the Lake Nasser reservoir (length: 500 km; average width: 12 km) and is constructing the Tushka Canal to channel 5.0 x 10(9) m(3)/yr of Lake Nasser water to reclaim 0.5 x 10(6) acres of desert lands. The model, constrained by regional-scale groundwater flow and near-lake head data, was successfully calibrated to temporal-observation heads from 1970 to 2000 that reflect variations in lake levels. Predictive analyses for the subsequent 50-yr period were conducted by employing the calibrated model. Simulations of long-term effects, beyond year 2000, of Lake Nasser on recharge and temporal groundwater head (base case scenario) show that recharge from the lake will continue at a much slower rate than during the 30-yr period of 1970-2000 (with approximately 86% reduction in 30-yr recharge). The modest projected pumping and injection activities in the study area are not expected to cause major deviation in the overall head distribution compared to the base case scenario. The investigation of effects of the new irrigation land development on the Nubian aquifer indicated that many of the proposed irrigation areas, especially those with small aquifer thickness, will become fully saturated with introduced water, resulting in potential flooding and salinization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 262 IS 1-4 BP 68 EP 83 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00013-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00013-6 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 552DC UT WOS:000175602400005 ER PT J AU Tonino, P Simon, M Craig, R AF Tonino, P Simon, M Craig, R TI Mass determination of native smooth muscle myosin filaments by scanning transmission electron Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE myosin filament; structure; smooth muscle; scanning transmission electron microscopy ID LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; RELAXED THICK FILAMENTS; SIDE-POLAR; HEAVY-MEROMYOSIN; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MESSENGER-RNA; CELLS; CLONING; PROTEIN; HEADS AB The thick filaments of vertebrate smooth muscle have a fundamentally different arrangement of myosin molecules from the bipolar, helical organization present in striated muscle filaments. This side-polar, non-helical structure is probably critical to the ability of smooth muscles to shorten by large amounts, however, details of myosin organization beyond this general description are unknown. The non-helical arrangement of myosin precludes the use of helical reconstruction methods for structural determination, and a tomographic approach is required. As a first step towards this goal we have determined the number of myosin molecules present at each 14.5 nm repeat in native smooth muscle myosin filaments by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mass-per-length of myosin filaments was 159 kDa/nm, corresponding to 4.38(+/- 0.11) (mean +/- s.e.m.) myosin molecules at each 14.5 nm level. The mass of thin filaments in the preparation (intrinsic control) was 21 kDa/ nm, consistent with current models of smooth muscle thin filament structure, and the mass of tobacco mosaic virus (mass standard) was within 5% of the known value. We conclude that native smooth muscle myosin filaments contain four myosin molecules at each 14.5 nm level, two on each side of the side-polar structure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tonino, P (reprint author), Cent Univ Venezuela, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Fac Sci, Apdo 76963, Caracas 1070, Venezuela. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL62468] NR 58 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 318 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1007 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00191-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 554ZT UT WOS:000175767800007 PM 12054797 ER PT J AU Anderson, JD Lau, EL Turyshev, SG Laing, PA Nieto, MM AF Anderson, JD Lau, EL Turyshev, SG Laing, PA Nieto, MM TI Search for a standard explanation of the pioneer anomaly SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Pioneer 10 and 11; gravitational and systematic forces; spacecraft ID LONG-RANGE ACCELERATION; ULYSSES DATA; PROSAIC EXPLANATION; DISTANT SPACECRAFT; GALILEO; WEAK AB The data from Pioneer 10 and 11 shows an anomalous, constant, Doppler frequency drift that can be interpreted as an acceleration directed towards the Sun of a(P) = (8.74 +/- 1.33) X 10(-8) cm/s(2). Although one can consider a new physical origin for the anomaly, one must first investigate the contributions of the prime candidates, which are systematics generated on board. Here we expand upon previous analyses of thermal systematics. We demonstrate that thermal models put forth so far are not supported by the analyzed data. Possible ways to further investigate the nature of the anomaly axe proposed. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div MSB285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, JD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 17 IS 14 BP 875 EP 885 DI 10.1142/S0217732302007107 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 566UZ UT WOS:000176447800005 ER PT J AU Moldovan, D Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Haslam, AJ AF Moldovan, D Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Haslam, AJ TI Mesoscopic simulation of two-dimensional grain growth with anisotropic grain-boundary properties SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; VARIATIONAL APPROACH; SOAP FROTH; MODEL; RECRYSTALLIZATION; ENERGIES; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB Grain-boundary (GB) properties in a polycrystalline system are generally anisotropic; in particular, both the GB energy and the mobility depend on the GB misorientation. Here the effect of anisotropic GB properties on two-dimensional grain growth is investigated by computer simulation. A stochastic velocity Monte Carlo algorithm based on a variational formulation for the dissipated power is implemented. The simulations show that grain growth leads to an increase in the fraction of small-angle GBs during the growth process. The average grain area is found to grow with a smaller exponent than in a system with isotropic GB properties, An extended von Neumann-Mullins relation based on averaged GB properties is proposed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moldovan, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1271 EP 1297 DI 10.1080/01418610110106019 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 545HE UT WOS:000175210500001 ER PT J AU Jung, MH Inoue, IH Nakotte, H Lacerda, AH AF Jung, MH Inoue, IH Nakotte, H Lacerda, AH TI High-field properties of single-crystal CaVO3 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB The magnetic properties of perovskite CaVO3 single crystals have been studied by means of magnetoresistance rho(T, H) and magnetization 111(H) measurements in fields to 18 T. At 2 K, the magnetoresistance is positive and a maximum value of Deltarho(18 T)/rho(0) = 16.5% is found for H//a. The magnetization exhibits a smooth increase at 2 K, re I aching values of M(18T) = 0.03mu(B) (formula unit (fu))(-1), 0.05mu(B) fu(-1), 0.17mu(B)fu(-1) for H//a, H//b and H//c, respectively. This anisotropy found in M(H) is consistent with that observed for Deltarho(H//a) > rho(H//b) > Deltarho(H//c). These results can be interpreted in terms of the field-dependent scattering mechanism of CaVO3. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Jung, MH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Inoue, Isao/B-7976-2008 OI Inoue, Isao/0000-0002-6785-652X NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 7 BP 801 EP 804 DI 10.1080/13642810110099771 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 545HF UT WOS:000175210700005 ER PT J AU Darling, TW Chu, F Migliori, A Thoma, DJ Lopez, M Lashley, JC Lang, BE Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF AF Darling, TW Chu, F Migliori, A Thoma, DJ Lopez, M Lashley, JC Lang, BE Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF TI Elastic and thermodynamic properties of the shape-memory alloy AuZn SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE B-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STATISTICAL MECHANICS ELECTRONIC OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB This work reports the elastic shear moduli, internal friction, and specific heat of the B2 cubic ordered alloy AuZn as functions of temperature, Measurements were made on single-crystal and polycrystalline samples using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, semiadiabatic calorimetry and quasistatic stress-strain measurements. Our results confirm that this alloy exhibits the shape-memory effect and a phase transition at 64.8 K that appears to be second-order (continuous) from the specific heat data. The acoustic dissipation does not peak at the transition temperature as expected but instead rises well into the low-temperature phase. The low-temperature limiting Debye temperature value Theta(D) = 219 K, obtained from a linear fit of C/T versus T-2 from T = 0.59 K to T = 5.3 K is in favourable agreement with the value calculated from the acoustic data Theta(D) = 207 K, using a T = 0 linear extrapolation of the shear moduli. It is argued that the combination of equiatomic composition and a low transformation temperature constrain the chemical potential and its derivatives to exhibit behaviour that lies at the borderline between that of a first-order (discontinuous) and a continuous phase transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM darling@LANL.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-8637 J9 PHILOS MAG B JI Philos. Mag. B-Phys. Condens. Matter Stat. Mech. Electron. Opt. Magn. Prop. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 7 BP 825 EP 837 DI 10.1080/13642810110109535 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 545HF UT WOS:000175210700007 ER PT J AU Russell, AM Cook, BA Harringa, JL Lewis, TL AF Russell, AM Cook, BA Harringa, JL Lewis, TL TI Coefficient of thermal expansion of AlMgB14 SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE thermal expansion; X-ray diffraction differential thermal analysis; mechanical alloying AB The coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE) of AlMgB14 was measured by dilatometry and by high temperature X-ray diffraction using synchroton radiation. The COTE over the temperature range 298 K to 1373 K was determined to be 9 x 10(-6) K-1, which is relatively close to the value of 8.3 x 10(-6) K-1 for pure B. The anisotropy of the COTE appears to be relatively small. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. IBM Corp, Rochester, MN 55901 USA. RP Russell, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 9 BP 629 EP 633 AR PII S1359-6462(02)00034-9 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00034-9 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 564HL UT WOS:000176308900002 ER PT J AU Serban, R Petzold, LR AF Serban, R Petzold, LR TI Efficient computation of sensitivities for ordinary differential equation boundary value problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; ODE boundary value problem; adjoint method ID NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS AB For models described by ordinary differential equation boundary value problems (ODE BVPs), we derive adjoint equations for sensitivity analysis, giving explicit forms for the boundary conditions of the adjoint boundary value problem. The solutions of the adjoint equations are used to efficiently compute gradients of both integral-form and pointwise constraints. Existence and stability results are given for the adjoint system and its numerical solution. The use of the method is demonstrated for a simple example, where it is seen that the method is particularly advantageous for problems with more than a few parameters. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM radu@llnl.gov; petzold@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 EI 1095-7170 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 220 EP 232 AR PII S0036142900376870 DI 10.1137/S0036142900376870 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 557GE UT WOS:000175899900011 ER PT J AU El-Azab, A Gan, S Liang, Y AF El-Azab, A Gan, S Liang, Y TI Binding and diffusion of Pt nanoclusters on anatase TiO2(001)-(1 x 4) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE platinum; clusters; titanium oxide; scanning tunneling microscopy; surface diffusion ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; TIO2(110); CLUSTERS; TITANIA; GROWTH; FILMS; TIO2; MECHANISM AB A heterogeneous system consisting of Pt nanoclusters on TiO2(0 0 1)-(1 x 4) surface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. It has been found that Pt forms three-dimensional clusters with a narrow size distribution and that, upon annealing in vacuum, the clusters migrate to step edges via cluster diffusion mechanism mainly along the terrace atomic rows. It has also been found that the cluster size distribution and the average surface cluster density remain constant during annealing, implying that no cluster coalescence has taken place for the annealing conditions considered, A one-dimensional model has been used to study cluster diffusion on terraces and recover the diffusion coefficient from the experimental data. The model has been applied to two data sets and the results show that cluster diffusion depends on the cluster size and exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence, with the prefactor and activation energy depending on the cluster size, The difference between the cluster binding energy to the terrace and step edge has been found by treating the cluster system as a lattice gas on a heterogeneous surface and enforcing the principles of chemical equilibrium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liang, Y (reprint author), Motorola Labs, 7700 S River Pkwy,MD AZ83-ML26, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 506 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01921-5 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01921-5 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 554VD UT WOS:000175757100015 ER PT J AU McGrath, WJ Aherne, KS Mangel, WF AF McGrath, WJ Aherne, KS Mangel, WF TI In the virion, the 11-amino-acid peptide cofactor pVIc is covalently linked to the adenovirus proteinase SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEASE; ACTIVATION; NITROCELLULOSE; POLYPEPTIDE; BINDING; TYPE-2; DNA AB Previously, the adenovirus proteinase (AVP) had been shown to be stimulated by an 11-amino-acid cofactor pVIc; the crystal structure of an AVP-pVIc complex formed in vitro reveals a disulfide bond between AVID and pVIc, However, that disulfide bond was recently shown not to be required for maximal stimulation of enzyme activity by pVlc in vitro. Is the disulfide bond physiologically relevant or is it an artifact that arose in the crystallization of the complex? Here we show that a disulfide bond between AVID and pVIc is physiologically relevant, because in the virus particle AVID is linked to pVIc via a disulfide bond. This is also the first experimental proof that AVID interacts in vivo with one of its cofactors, all of which were discovered and characterized in vitro. A rationale as to why this apparently unnecessary disulfide bond between AVP and pVIc forms in the virus particle is presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mangel, WF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26049] NR 22 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 2 BP 234 EP 240 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1394 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 568HY UT WOS:000176537400005 PM 12069522 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, DM Meyer, TJ AF Dattelbaum, DM Meyer, TJ TI Metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited-state v(CO) shifts in rigid media SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RESOLVED INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMOPHORE-QUENCHER COMPLEX; ENERGY-GAP LAW; INVERTED REGION; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; TRANSFER ABSORPTION; NONRADIATIVE DECAY AB The results of v(CO) infrared measurements on the ground and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of fac-[Re-I(4,4'-X(2)bpy)(CO)(3)(4-Etpy)](+) (X = H, CH3, and CO2Et; 4-Etpy is 4-ethylpyridine) in both CH3CN and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films at 298 K are reported. In PMMA, the shifts in v(CO) between the excited and ground states (+18 to +68 cm(-1)) are noticeably less than in solution (+33 to +88 cm(-1)). Our work was stimulated by the observation by Turner and co-workers (Chem. Commun. 1996, 15871588) that v(CO) excited-to-ground-state shifts for fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)(3)Cl] are much less in a rigid butyronitrile/propionitrile glass at 77 K than in CH3CN at 298 K. For the Re complexes, a single correlation exists between excited-state v(CO) shifts and the MLCT ground-to-excited-state energy gap (Eo) regardless of whether the energy gap is changed by varying the substituent X or the medium. The substituent and rigid medium effects appear to have a common orbital origin arising from pi*(4,4'-X(2)bpy(circle-))-pi*(CO) mixing. This provides the orbital basis for mixing higher lying dpi(Re)-pi*(CO) MLCT states with the emitting dpi(Re)-pi*(4,4'-X(2)bpy(circle-)) MLCT excited state(s). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS A127, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 18 BP 4519 EP 4524 DI 10.1021/jp014057z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DM UT WOS:000175488400009 ER PT J AU Dixon, DA de Jong, WA Peterson, KA Francisco, JS AF Dixon, DA de Jong, WA Peterson, KA Francisco, JS TI Heats of formation of CBr, CHBr, and CBr2 from ab initio quantum chemistry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GAS-PHASE; ENERGIES; MODEL; CF2; HALOCARBENES AB High-level ab initio electronic structure theory has been used to calculate the heats of formation of CBr, CHBr, and CBr2. The calculations were done at the CCSD(T) level with correlation-consistent basis sets up through augmented quintuple-z and were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. Additional corrections for core/valence correlation, relativistic effects both scalar and spin-orbit, and zero-point energies have been included. The heat of formation at 0 K of CBr (2Pi) is 119.92 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol, of CHBr ((1)A') is 92.34 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol, and of CBr2 ((1)A(1)) is 86.92 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, HC Brown Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315 NR 63 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 18 BP 4725 EP 4728 DI 10.1021/jp0147067 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DM UT WOS:000175488400036 ER PT J AU Grodkowski, J Neta, P Fujita, E Mahammed, A Simkhovich, L Gross, Z AF Grodkowski, J Neta, P Fujita, E Mahammed, A Simkhovich, L Gross, Z TI Reduction of cobalt and iron corroles and catalyzed reduction of CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; FREE-RADICALS; PHOTOREDUCTION; MACROCYCLES AB The role of cobalt and iron corroles in catalytic CO2 reduction has been studied. Chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical reductions of the stable metal corroles Ph3PCoIII(tpfc) (tpfc = 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole), ClFeIV(tpfc), and CIFeIV(tdcc) (tdcc = 5,10,15-tris(2,6-dichlorophenyl)corrole) have been carried out in acetonitrile solutions. Stepwise reduction to the [M-II(tpfc)](-) and [M-1(tpfc)](2-) states was observed in all cases. Gradual reduction with sodium amalgam permitted recording of the optical absorption spectra of the various oxidation states and showed that the M-1 state reacts with CO2. Cyclic voltammetry in Ar-saturated acetonitrile solutions permitted determination of the following half-wave potentials: for Ph3PCOIII (tpfc), 1.11 V, 0.72 V, -0.42 V (E-pc), - 1.44 V, -2.3 V (E-pc); for ClFeIV(tpfc), 0.44 V, - 1.01 V (E-pc), - 1.60 V, -2.2 V (E-pc); for ClFeIV(tdcc), 0.24 V, - 1.18 V (E-pc), - 1.78 V vs SCE with a scan rate of 0. 1 V s(-1). Cyclic voltammetry in CO2-saturated solutions indicated that the Co-1 and Fe-1 complexes react with CO2 and that the reduced Fe(tdcc) complex is the most efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction, showing the largest catalytic currents among these corroles. Photochemical reduction in CO2-saturated acetonitrile solutions containing p-terphenyl (TP) as a sensitizer and triethylamine (TEA) as a reductant led to production of CO and H, These experiments also show that Fe(tdcc) is more effective than the other corroles as a CO2 reduction catalyst. The present finding that the M-1 oxidation states of the cobalt and iron corroles can react with CO2 is in contrast with the case of the respective porphyrins and phthalocyanines, which do not react with CO2 until they are reduced beyond the M-1 state. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Catalysis Sci & Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013 NR 35 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 18 BP 4772 EP 4778 DI 10.1021/jp013668o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 550DM UT WOS:000175488400042 ER PT J AU Hess, NJ Begg, BD Conradson, SD McCready, DE Gassman, PL Weber, WJ AF Hess, NJ Begg, BD Conradson, SD McCready, DE Gassman, PL Weber, WJ TI Spectroscopic investigations of the structural phase transition in Gd2(Ti1-yZry)(2)O-7 pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RIETVELD ANALYSIS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; NUCLEAR-WASTE; ZIRCON; METAMICTIZATION; PLUTONIUM; GD2TI2O7 AB The Gd-2(Ti1-yZry)(2)O-7 pyrochlore series undergoes a structural phase transition from pyrochlore (Fd (3) over barm) to defect fluorite (Fm (3) over barm) that can be driven compositionally by increasing the Zr content or thermally by sintering Zr-rich compositions at temperatures above 1550 degreesC. Our results demonstrate that ion-beam irradiation can also drive the structural phase transition for Zr-rich compositions. In an effort to understand the effects of composition and ion-beam irradiation on this phase transition, powder X-ray diffraction, polarized Raman, reflection infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were conducted on Gd-2(Ti1-yZry)(2)O-7 pyrochlores prior to and following irradiation with 2 MeV Au2+ ions to a fluence of 5 ions/nm(2). Analysis of the vibrational and X-ray absorption data suggests that the structural integrity of the pyrochlore structure is based on distorted corner-shared TiO6 or ZrO6 octahedra. The vibrational spectra indicate that both anion and cation disorder precede the compositionally driven phase transition, but cation disorder appears to dominate the irradiation-driven transition. Analyses of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure of the Ti and Zr K edges and the Gd L-III edges reveal a significant change in the Gd local environment upon irradiation and with increasing Zr content. The Ti and Zr local environments are less affected by irradiation or compositional change but show evidence of increasing disorder that can be attributed to rotations about shared polyhedral edges and corners. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, PMBI, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hess, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM nancy.hess@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 46 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 18 BP 4663 EP 4677 DI 10.1021/jp014285t PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 550DN UT WOS:000175488500014 ER PT J AU Bunker, BC Nelson, GC Zavadil, KR Barbour, JC Wall, FD Sullivan, JP Windisch, CF Engelhardt, MH Baer, DR AF Bunker, BC Nelson, GC Zavadil, KR Barbour, JC Wall, FD Sullivan, JP Windisch, CF Engelhardt, MH Baer, DR TI Hydration of passive oxide films on aluminum SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID POINT-DEFECT MODEL; SELF-DIFFUSION; ALPHA-AL2O3; CORROSION; OXIDATION; HYDROGEN AB Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been used in conjunction with isotopic labeling to determine the extent and rate of passive film hydration on aluminum. The rates at which oxygen- and hydrogen-containing species migrate through the film have been determined as a function of temperature and applied potential (cathodic and anodic polarization). The results suggest that defects such as hydroxide ions are prevalent and mobile in the oxide film, influencinc, the kinetics and mechanisms of corrosion and pitting processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bunker, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961 NR 25 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 18 BP 4705 EP 4713 DI 10.1021/jp013246e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 550DN UT WOS:000175488500018 ER PT J AU Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, K Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G LoVetere, M Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, M Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, J Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P AF Bagnasco, S Baldini, W Bettoni, D Borreani, G Buzzo, A Calabrese, R Cester, R Cibinetto, G Dalpiaz, P Garzoglio, G Gollwitzer, K Graham, M Hu, M Joffe, D Kasper, J Lasio, G LoVetere, M Luppi, E Macri, M Mandelkern, M Marchetto, F Marinelli, M Menichetti, E Metreveli, Z Mussa, R Negrini, M Obertino, M Pallavicini, M Pastrone, N Patrignani, C Pordes, S Robutti, E Roethel, W Rosen, J Rumerio, P Rusack, R Santroni, A Schultz, J Seo, SH Seth, KK Stancari, G Stancari, M Tomaradze, A Vidnovic, T Werkema, S Zweber, P CA Fermilab E835 Collaboration TI New measurements of the resonance parameters of the chi(c0)(1(3)P(0)) state of charmonium SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DECAYS; QCD; ANNIHILATIONS AB The resonance parameters of the X-c0, the 1(3)P(0) state of charmonium, have been measured at the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator in the reaction (p) over barp --> chi(c0) --> gammaJ/psi --> gamma(e(+)e(-)). A large data sample collected during the year 2000 run yields the results: M(chi(c0)) = 3415.4 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.2 MeV/c(2), Gamma(chi(c0)) = 9.8 +/- 1.0 +/- 0.1 MeV, B(chi(c0) --> (p) over barp) x B(chi(c0) --> gammaJ/psi) x B(J/psi --> (e(+)e(-))) = (1.61 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.08) x 10(-7). Taking B(chi(c0) --> gammaJ/psi) and B(J/psi --> e(+)e(-)) from the literature, we obtain B(chi(c0) --> (p) over barp) = (4.1 +/- 0.3(-0.9)(+1.6)) x 10(-4) and Gamma(chic) --> (p) over barp) = (4.0 +/- 0.4(-0.9)(+1.6)) keV. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Genoa, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Bagnasco, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015 OI Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400 NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 9 PY 2002 VL 533 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 242 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01657-X DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01657-X PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 554HQ UT WOS:000175730100005 ER PT J AU Fan, DN Chen, SP Chen, LQ Voorhees, PW AF Fan, DN Chen, SP Chen, LQ Voorhees, PW TI Phase-field simulation of 2-D Ostwald ripening in the high volume fraction regime SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE phase transformations; Oswald ripening; phase held models ID OFF-CRITICAL QUENCHES; COUPLED GRAIN-GROWTH; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TOPOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; 2 DIMENSIONS; MODEL; SEPARATION; DEPENDENCE AB The microstructural evolution and kinetics of Ostwald ripening were studied in the high volume fraction regime by numerically solving the time-dependent Ginzbur-Landau (TDGL) and Cahn-Hilliard equations. It is shown that the growth exponent in is equal to 3. independent of the volume fraction, and the kinetic coefficient k increases as the volume fraction increases. The shape of size distributions changes significantly with increasing volume fraction of the coarsening phase: the skewness changes continuously from negative to positive while the kurtosis decreases in the low fraction regime and increases in the high volume fraction regime. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chen, LQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 42 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1895 EP 1907 AR PII S1359-6454(01)00393-7 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00393-7 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 554WM UT WOS:000175760200001 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ Kiefer, JH AF Davis, MJ Kiefer, JH TI Modeling of nonlinear vibrational relaxation of large molecules in shock waves with a nonlinear, temperature-varying master equation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; TUBE TECHNIQUES; SYSTEMS; NONEQUILIBRIUM; DISSOCIATION; EQUILIBRIUM AB We model recent experiments on the vibrational relaxation of oxirane in a shock tube. A master equation is developed which includes self-collisions of the oxirane, leading to a nonlinear master equation. This master equation is also applied to a more limited study of vibrational relaxation for cyclopropane in a shock tube. The time variation of the temperature dependence of the bath is also included in the calculations. Good agreement between the modeling and experiments are obtained through a fit to the energy transfer parameters. These fits demonstrate that self-collisions are dominant in promoting the relaxation even for mixtures of Kr and oxirane where the oxirane is 2% and 4% dilute. This dominance comes from two sources: (1) much larger energy transfer per collision for oxirane-oxirane collisions and (2) resonant energy transfer effects. For cyclopropane, some of the good fits show smaller energy transfer characteristics for self-collisions than buffer gas collisions. Even in these cases self-collisions are an important part of the energy transfer process through resonant energy transfer effects. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 18 BP 7814 EP 7827 DI 10.1063/1.1467904 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 545BL UT WOS:000175196300006 ER PT J AU Davis, MJ AF Davis, MJ TI Dynamics of a nonlinear master equation: Low-dimensional manifolds and the nature of vibrational relaxation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STEADY-STATE APPROXIMATION; ENZYME-KINETICS; SHOCK-WAVES; GEOMETRICAL PICTURE; REACTION-MECHANISMS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SYSTEMS; FLAMES; NONEQUILIBRIUM; DISSOCIATION AB The dynamics of nonlinear master equations describing vibrational relaxation in shock-heated molecules are studied. The nonlinearity results principally from inclusion of self-collisions. The master equations were derived in a previous paper by fitting experimental data and besides being nonlinear they vary according to changes in the bath temperature. It is demonstrated that, except for brief transients, the dynamics lie on one-dimensional, nonlinear manifolds, including the full time of experimental observation. The one-dimensional nature of the dynamics allows for an in depth study of vibrational relaxation. It is shown that vibrational distributions cannot be characterized accurately by a vibrational temperature until they are close to equilibrium and that one-dimensional rate laws accurately describe the dynamics on the one-dimensional manifold. The latter characteristic is important, because it allows results generated from master equations which include self-collisions to be easily incorporated into kinetic modeling. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 18 BP 7828 EP 7838 DI 10.1063/1.1467905 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 545BL UT WOS:000175196300007 ER PT J AU Jiang, JW Blum, L Bernard, O Prausnitz, JM Sandler, SI AF Jiang, JW Blum, L Bernard, O Prausnitz, JM Sandler, SI TI Criticality and phase behavior in the restricted-primitive model electrolyte: Description of ion association SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN-SPHERICAL APPROXIMATION; DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; CHARGED HARD DUMBBELL; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION; STICKY ELECTROLYTES; DIPOLAR DUMBBELLS; COEXISTENCE CURVE; CRITICAL EXPONENT AB Ion association is incorporated into the restricted-primitive model electrolyte to account for the strong attraction between unlike ions. Two methods are investigated within the McMillan-Mayer framework: first is the binding mean-spherical approximation (BIMSA) based on the Wertheim Ornstein-Zernike integral equation formalism; and the second is the combination of the BIMSA with a simple interpolation scheme based on the Wertheim thermodynamic perturbation theory. The latter gives a better description. Four different association constants are used to calculate the degree of dissociation, the critical point, and the vapor-liquid coexistence curve. An increase in the association constant leads to a lower critical temperature and a higher critical density, and better agreement with computer simulations. When unlike ions are fully paired, corresponding to a charged hard dumbbell system, we obtain the best agreement with the most recent computer simulations of the RPM electrolyte. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Chem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Liquides Ion & Interfaces Chargees, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiang, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Sandler, Stanley/A-8866-2009; JIANG, Jianwen/G-1505-2013; OI Jiang, Jianwen/0000-0003-1310-9024 NR 58 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 18 BP 7977 EP 7982 DI 10.1063/1.1468638 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 545BL UT WOS:000175196300022 ER PT J AU Sloutskin, E Sirota, EB Kraack, H Gang, O Doerr, A Ocko, BM Deutsch, M AF Sloutskin, E Sirota, EB Kraack, H Gang, O Doerr, A Ocko, BM Deutsch, M TI Surface and bulk phase behavior of dry and hydrated tetradecanol : octadecanol alcohol mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; INDUCED NUCLEATION; CHAIN MOLECULES; ROTATOR PHASES; CAPILLARY WAVES; SCATTERING; DRIVES; MELTS; NEAT AB Surface freezing was studied in dry and hydrated octadecanol:tetradecanol (C18OH:C14OH) mixtures, using surface tension and synchrotron x-ray surface diffraction techniques. Even small amounts of admixed C18OH were found to induce surface freezing in C14OH, which does not exhibit this effect when pure. The phase diagram of the bulk was measured by calorimetry and bulk x-ray diffraction. Upon increasing the bulk mole fraction of C18OH (phi) a sharp increase in the bulk supercooling occurs at phiapproximate to0.4 in dry mixtures, while no supercooling was observed for the hydrated mixtures. A simple thermodynamical model based on the theory of s-regular mixtures is shown to account well for the dependence of the surface freezing onset temperature of both dry and hydrated mixtures, and the hydrated bulk's freezing temperature on phi. Only a phenomenological description exists for the dry bulk's phase diagram. This study is expected to provide a baseline for the general surface and bulk behavior of long-chain alcohol mixtures. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RI Sirota, Eric/A-7633-2009 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 18 BP 8056 EP 8066 DI 10.1063/1.1465401 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 545BL UT WOS:000175196300030 ER PT J AU Hess, WP Joly, AG Gerrity, DP Beck, KM Sushko, PV Shluger, AL AF Hess, WP Joly, AG Gerrity, DP Beck, KM Sushko, PV Shluger, AL TI Control of laser desorption using tunable single pulses and pulse pairs SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; ALKALI-HALIDE CRYSTALS; SELF-TRAPPED EXCITONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SURFACE EXCITATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; IONIC SURFACES; IRRADIATION; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION AB We desorb ground state Br and spin-orbit excited Br* atoms from KBr single crystals using single pulses and sequential pulse pairs of tunable nanosecond laser radiation. Irradiation of cleaved KBr crystals near the bulk absorption threshold produces hyperthermal Br emission without a significant thermal component, and with little spin-orbit excited Br(*) emission. The Br kinetic energy distribution may be controlled either by choice of photon energy or by excitation of transient defect centers created within the crystal. In this latter scheme, a first laser pulse generates transient centers within the bulk crystal and in the vicinity of the surface, and a second delayed laser pulse then excites the transient centers leading to atomic desorption. The Br(*) to Br yield ratio is significantly enhanced using two-pulse excitation as compared to resonant single-pulse desorption. Single and multiple pulse excitation of KBr produces Br and Br(*) in controllable quantities, velocities, and spin state distributions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wayne.hess@pnl.gov; a.shluger@ucl.ac.uk RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 18 BP 8144 EP 8151 DI 10.1063/1.1467345 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 545BL UT WOS:000175196300041 ER PT J AU Dattelbaum, DM Hartshorn, CM Meyer, TJ AF Dattelbaum, DM Hartshorn, CM Meyer, TJ TI Direct measurement of excited-state intervalence transfer in [(tpy)Ru-III(tppz(center dot-))Ru-II(tpy)](4+*) by time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; BRIDGING LIGAND 2,3,5,6-TETRAKIS(2-PYRIDYL)PYRAZINE; CHROMOPHORE LUMINOPHORE COMPLEXES; INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; TO-DELOCALIZED TRANSITION; THERMAL ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MIXED-VALENCE; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 27 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 18 BP 4938 EP 4939 DI 10.1021/ja010892i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 548BV UT WOS:000175369100003 PM 11982340 ER PT J AU Taw, FL Mellows, H White, PS Hollander, FJ Bergman, RG Brookhart, M Heinekey, DM AF Taw, FL Mellows, H White, PS Hollander, FJ Bergman, RG Brookhart, M Heinekey, DM TI Synthesis and investigation of [Cp*(PMe3)Rh(H)(H-2)](+) and its partially deuterated and tritiated isotopomers: Evidence for a hydride/dihydrogen structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL POLYHYDRIDE COMPLEXES; C-H BONDS; DICATIONIC DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; IRIDIUM TRIHYDRIDE COMPLEXES; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIHYDRIDE COMPLEXES; SOLVENT PURIFICATION; RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; EXCHANGE AB Hydrogenolysis of [Cp*(PMe3)Rh(Me)(CH2Cl2)]+BAr'(-)(4) (4, Ar' = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)(2)) in dichloromethane afforded the nonclassical polyhydricle complex [Cp*(PMe3)Rh(H)(H-2)]+BAr'(-)(4) (1), which exhibits a single hydride resonance at all accessible temperatures in the H-1 NMR spectrum. Exposure of solutions of 1 to D-2 or T-2 gas resulted in partial isotopic substitution in the hydride sites. Formulation of 1 as a hydride/dihydrogen complex was based upon T-1 (T-1(min) = 23 ms at 150 K, 500 MHz), J(H) D (ca. 10 Hz), and J(H-T) (ca. 70 Hz) measurements, The barrier (DeltaG(double dagger)) to exchange of hydride with dihydrogen sites was determined to be less than ca. 5 kcal/mol. Protonation of Cp*(PMe3)Rh(H)(2) (2) using H(OEt2)(2)BAr'(4) resulted in binuclear species [(Cp*(PMe3)Rh(H))(2)(mu-H)](4) BAr'(-)(4) (3), which is formed in a reaction involving 1 as an intermediate. Complex 3 contains two terminal hydrides and-one bridging hydride ligand which exchange with a barrier of 9.1 kcal/mol as observed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the structures of 3 and 4, determined by X-ray diffraction, are reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 57 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 18 BP 5100 EP 5108 DI 10.1021/ja0165990 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 548BV UT WOS:000175369100038 PM 11982375 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Liu, G Jirsak, T Hrbek, J Chang, ZP Dvorak, J Maiti, A AF Rodriguez, JA Liu, G Jirsak, T Hrbek, J Chang, ZP Dvorak, J Maiti, A TI Activation of gold on titania: Adsorption and reaction of SO2 on Au/TiO2(110) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID MIXED-METAL OXIDES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; TIO2(110) SURFACE; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PLANE-WAVE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission and first-principles density-functional slab calculations were used to study the interaction of gold with titania and the chemistry of SO2 on Au/TiO2-(110) surfaces. The deposition of Au nanoparticles on TiO2-(1 10) produces a system with an extraordinary ability to adsorb and dissociate SO2. In this respect, Au/TiO2 is much more chemically active than metallic gold or stoichiometric titania. On Au(111) and rough polycrystalline surfaces of gold, SO2 bonds weakly and desorbs intact at temperatures below 200 K. For the adsorption Of SO2 on TiO2(1 10) at 300 K, SO4 is the only product (SO2 + O-oxide --> SO4,ads). In contrast, Au/TiO2(1 10) surfaces (theta(Au) less than or equal to 0.5 ML) fully dissociate the SO2 molecule under identical reaction conditions. Interactions with titania electronically perturb gold, making it more chemically active. Furthermore, our experimental and theoretical results show quite clearly that not only gold is perturbed when gold and titania interact. The adsorbed gold, on its part, enhances the reactivity of titania by facilitating the migration of O vacancies from the bulk to the surface of the oxide. In general, the complex coupling of these phenomena must be taken into consideration when trying to explain the unusual chemical and catalytic activity of Au/TiO2. In many situations, the oxide support can be much more than a simple spectator. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Accelrys Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 105 TC 190 Z9 190 U1 5 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 18 BP 5242 EP 5250 DI 10.1021/ja020115y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 548BV UT WOS:000175369100052 PM 11982389 ER PT J AU Cobine, PA George, GN Jones, CE Wickramasinghe, WA Solioz, M Dameron, CT AF Cobine, PA George, GN Jones, CE Wickramasinghe, WA Solioz, M Dameron, CT TI Copper transfer from the Cu(I) chaperone, CopZ, to the repressor, Zn(II)CopY: Metal coordination environments and protein interactions SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ENTEROCOCCUS-HIRAE; ATX1 METALLOCHAPERONE; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DISEASE PROTEIN; BINDING DOMAIN; ATPASE; HOMEOSTASIS AB Extracellular copper regulates the DNA binding activity of the CopY repressor of Enterococcus hirae and thereby controls expression of the copper homeostatic genes encoded by the cop operon. CopY has a CxCxxxxCxC metal binding motif. CopZ, a copper chaperone belonging to a family of metallochaperones characterized by a MxCxxC metal binding motif, transfers copper to CopY. The copper binding stoichiometries of CopZ and CopY were determined by in vitro metal reconstitutions. The stoichiometries were found to be one copper(l) per CopZ and two copper(l) per CopY monomer. X-ray absorption studies suggested a mixture of two- and three-coordinate copper in Cu(1)CopZ, but a purely three-coordinate copper coordination with a Cu-Cu interaction for Cu(1)(2)CopY. The latter coordination is consistent with the formation of a compact binuclear Cu(l)-thiolate core in the CxCxxxxCxC binding motif of CopY. Displacement of zinc, by copper. from CopY was monitored with 2,4-pyridylazoresorcinol. Two copper(l) ions were required to release the single zinc(II) ion bound per CopY monomer. The specificity of copper transfer between CopZ and CopY was dependent on electrostatic interactions. Relative copper binding affinities of the proteins were investigated using the chelator, diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC). These data suggest that CopY has a higher affinity for copper than CopZ. However, this affinity difference is not the sole factor in the copper exchange: a charge-based interaction between the two proteins is required for the transfer reaction to proceed. Gain-of-function mutation of a CopZ homologue demonstrated the necessity of four lysine residues on the chaperone for the interaction with CopY. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism for copper exchange between CopZ and CopY. C1 Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Bern, Dept Clin Pharmacol, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. RP Dameron, CT (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RI Wickramasinghe, Wasantha/C-8057-2009; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Solioz, Marc/I-3162-2013; Jones, Christopher/C-5725-2014; Cobine, Paul/G-3107-2011 OI Solioz, Marc/0000-0002-7989-6721; Cobine, Paul/0000-0001-6012-0985 NR 44 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 18 BP 5822 EP 5829 DI 10.1021/bi025515c PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 548AJ UT WOS:000175365300014 PM 11980486 ER PT J AU Semin, BK Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M AF Semin, BK Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M TI Blocking of electron donation by Mn(II) to Yz* following incubation of Mn-depleted photosystem II membranes with Fe(II) in the light SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION; MANGANESE-BINDING SITE; WATER-OXIDIZING COMPLEX; REDOX-ACTIVE TYROSINE; HIGH-AFFINITY; D1 POLYPEPTIDE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; EVOLVING COMPLEX; TERMINAL DOMAIN; ACID-RESIDUES AB The donation of electrons by Mn(II) and Fe(II) to Yz(.) through the high-affinity (HA(Z)) site in Mn-depleted photosystem 11 (PS11) membranes has been studied by flash-probe fluorescence yield measurements. Mn(II) and Fe(II) donate electrons to Y-Z(.) with about the same efficiency, saturating this reaction at the same concentration (ca. 5 muM). However, following a short incubation of the membranes with 5 muM Fe(II), but not with Mn(II) in room light, added Mn(II) or Fe(II) can no longer be photooxidized by Y-Z(.). This blocking effect is caused by specifically bound, photooxidized Fe [FE(III)] and is accompanied by a delay in the fluorescence yield decay kinetics attributed to the slowing down of the charge recombination rate between Q(a)(-) and Y-Z(.). Exogenously added Fe(III), on the other hand, does not donate electrons to Y-Z(.), does not block the donation of electrons by added Mn(II) and Fe(II), and does not change the kinetics of the decay of the fluorescence yield. These results demonstrate that the light-dependent oxidation of Fe(H) by Y-Z(.) creates an Fe species that binds at the HA(Z) site and causes the blocking effect. The pH dependence of Mn(II) electron donation to Y-Z(.) via the HA(Z) site and of the Fe-blocking effect is different. These results, to-ether with sequence homologies between the C-terminal ends of the D1 and D2 polypeptides of the PSII reaction center and several diiron-oxo enzymes, suggest the involvement of two or perhaps more (to an upper limit of four to five) bound iron cations per reaction center of PSII in the blocking effect. Similarities in the interaction of Fe(II) and Mn(II) with the HAZ Mn site of PSII during the initial steps of the photoactivation process are discussed. The Fe-blocking effect was also used to investigate the relationship between the HA(Z) Mn site and the HA sites oil PSII for diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and NHOH oxidation. Blocking of the HA(Z) site with specifically bound Fe leads to the total inhibition of electron donation to Y-Z(.) by DPC. Since DPC and Mn(II) donation to PSII is noncompetitive [Preston, C., and Seibert, M. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 9615-96241, the Fe bound to the HA(Z) site can also block the DPC donation site. On the other hand, electron donation by NH2OH to PSII still occurs in Fe-blocked membranes. Since hydroxylamine does not reduce the Fe [greater than or equal toFe(III)] specifically bound to the HAZ site. NHOH must donate to Y-Z(.) through its own site or directly to P680(+). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 18 BP 5854 EP 5864 DI 10.1021/bi0200054 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 548AJ UT WOS:000175365300017 PM 11980489 ER PT J AU Iwobi, A Rakin, A Garcia, E Heesemann, J AF Iwobi, A Rakin, A Garcia, E Heesemann, J TI Representational difference analysis uncovers a novel IS10-like insertion element unique to pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE subtractive hybridization; IS1330; Yersinia enterocolitica ID SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEQUENCE; VIRULENCE; PESTIS; PLAGUE; GENOME; ISLAND; AGENT AB The method of suppressive subtractive hybridization was employed to map out genomic differences between the highly pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) biogroup 1B, serotype O:8 strain (WA-314) and the closely related apathogenic Y. enterocolitica biogroup 1A, serotype 0:5 strain (NF-O). A novel IS10-like element, IS1330, uncovered by this technique was found to be uniquely present in high copy numbers among the highly pathogenic Y enterocolitica 113 strains, while a single copy of the element was found in the low pathogenic Ye biogroup 4 serotype 0:3 strain. The 1321-bp repetitive element has 19-bp imperfect inverted terminal repeats and is bracketed by a 10-bp duplication of the target sequence. The predicted transposase shares high homology with the IS10 open reading frame of the large virulence plasmid pWR501, of Shigella flexneri, with IS10 transposase of Salmonella typhi, and with IS1999 (tnpA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The IS1330 tnp gene is transcribed in vitro and in vivo in HeLa cells. At least one copy of IS1330 flanks the recently described chromosomal type III secretion cluster in Y. enterocolitica WA-314, 0:8, and future studies should shed light on whether this novel transposase mediates transposition events in highly pathogenic Y. enteroeolitica strains, thus enhancing the genetic plasticity of this species. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Von Pettenkofer Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Human Genome Ctr L452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rakin, A (reprint author), Max Von Pettenkofer Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, Pettenkoferstr 9A, D-80336 Munich, Germany. EM rakin@m3401.mpk.med.uni-muenchen.de NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 210 IS 2 BP 251 EP 255 AR PII S0378-1097(02)00630-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(02)00630-4 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 563FT UT WOS:000176246200014 PM 12044683 ER PT J AU Pyda, M AF Pyda, M TI Conformational heat capacity of interacting systems of polymer and water SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LINEAR MACROMOLECULES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS STARCH; COMPUTATION; LIQUID; FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITION; PROTEINS; EQUATION; BEHAVIOR AB Conformational contributions to the heat capacity of the interacting system of polymer-water have been studied on the example of starch with and without low concentrations of water. This work continues a series of thermal analyses of biological materials. The heat capacity has been linked to its vibrational, external, and conformational contributions. The conformational part is evaluated from a fit to a one-dimensional Ising model for two discrete states, characterized by parameters linked to stiffness, cooperativity, degeneracy, and various interactions. The changes in heat capacity within the glass-transition region are interpreted, thus, as contributions of different conformational heat capacities arising from the changes in interaction of the carbohydrate chains with water. The vibrational contribution was calculated as the heat capacity arising from group and skeletal vibrations. The external contribution was computed as a function of temperature from experimental data of the mobile state of the thermal expansivity and compressibility. The stiffness, cooperativity, and degeneracy parameters are discussed in terms of monolayers and clusters of water about the starch. The calculated and experimental heat capacities of the starch-water system are compared from 8 to 490 K, the range of measurement. The system is shown to have a glass transition of at least three steps which begin at about 250 K and are not completed at 500 K, where decomposition starts. Water plasticizes the steps of the transition differently. The proposed approach should also be usable for a more realistic description of heat capacities of other biological materials, such as the cellulose-water or protein-water systems. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pyda, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 64 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 4009 EP 4016 DI 10.1021/ma0118466 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 548FU UT WOS:000175378600035 ER PT J AU Shin, B Lin, A Lappo, K Goldman, RS Hanna, MC Francoeur, S Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A AF Shin, B Lin, A Lappo, K Goldman, RS Hanna, MC Francoeur, S Norman, AG Mascarenhas, A TI Initiation and evolution of phase separation in heteroepitaxial InAlAs films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SUPERLATTICES; MODULATION; INP(001) AB We have investigated the initiation and evolution of phase separation in heteroepitaxial InAlAs films. In misfit-free InAlAs layers, cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (XSTM) reveals the presence of isotropic nanometer-sized clusters. For lattice-mismatched InAlAs layers with 1.2% misfit, quasiperiodic contrast modulations perpendicular to the growth direction are apparent. Interestingly, these lateral modulations are apparently initiated within the first few bilayers of film growth, and both the amplitude and wavelength of the modulations increase with film thickness. The saturation value of the modulation wavelength determined from XSTM coincides with the lateral superlattice period determined from (002) x-ray reciprocal space maps, suggesting that the lateral modulation wavelength represents a periodic composition variation. Together, these results suggest that phase separation in the heteroepitaxial InAlAs thin-film system is a misfit-driven kinetic process initiated by random compositional nonuniformities, which later develop into coupled compositional and surface morphological variations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Shin, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011; Goldman, Rachel/J-9091-2012; Shin, Byungha/E-8602-2014 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026; NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 18 BP 3292 EP 3294 DI 10.1063/1.1476386 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 546WE UT WOS:000175298400016 ER PT J AU Eres, G Tischler, JZ Yoon, M Larson, BC Rouleau, CM Lowndes, DH Zschack, P AF Eres, G Tischler, JZ Yoon, M Larson, BC Rouleau, CM Lowndes, DH Zschack, P TI Time-resolved study of SrTiO3 homoepitaxial pulsed-laser deposition using surface x-ray diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; EPITAXY AB Homoepitaxy of SrTiO3 by pulsed-laser deposition has been studied using in situ time-resolved surface x-ray diffraction in the temperature range of 310 degreesC to 780 degreesC. Using a two-detector configuration, surface x-ray diffraction intensities were monitored simultaneously at the (0 0 (1)/(2)) specular and the (0 1 (1)/(2)) off-specular truncation rod positions. Abrupt intensity changes in both the specular and off-specular rods after laser pulses indicated prompt crystallization into SrTiO3 layers followed by slower intra- and interlayer surface rearrangements on time scales of seconds. Specular rod intensity oscillations indicated layer-by-layer growth, while off-specular rod intensity measurements suggested the presence of transient in-plane lattice distortions for depositions above 600 degreesC. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Eres, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 13 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 18 BP 3379 EP 3381 DI 10.1063/1.1477279 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 546WE UT WOS:000175298400045 ER PT J AU Findikoglu, AT Camassa, R Lythe, G Jia, QX AF Findikoglu, AT Camassa, R Lythe, G Jia, QX TI Dielectric nonlinearity and stochastic effects in strontium titanate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; RESONANCE; SRTIO3 AB We report on experiments using compact coplanar waveguide devices, incorporating thin-film superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 electrodes. The substrate is strontium titanate, whose nonlinear dielectric properties are dependent on temperature and applied electric field. Close to zero dc bias, the frequency-doubled microwave power output increases by several orders of magnitude with modest broadband noise input. Experimental results are supported by analytical and numerical calculations based on a nonlinear wave equation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Matemat, GISC, Leganes 28911, Spain. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Lythe, Grant/0000-0001-7966-5571 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 18 BP 3391 EP 3393 DI 10.1063/1.1477278 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 546WE UT WOS:000175298400049 ER PT J AU Lupinetti, AJ Fife, JL Garcia, E Dorhout, PK Abney, KD AF Lupinetti, AJ Fife, JL Garcia, E Dorhout, PK Abney, KD TI Low-temperature synthesis of uranium tetraboride by solid-state metathesis reactions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL BORIDES; POLYMER PYROLYSIS; CERAMICS AB A novel synthesis of uranium tetraboride (UB4) by solid-state metathesis reaction is demonstrated. This approach significantly lowers the temperature required to synthesize this material to less than or equal to850 degreesC. When UCl4 is reacted with 2 equiv of MgB2 at 850 degreesC, crystalline UB4 is formed. Powder X-ray diffraction and ICP-AES data support the reduction Of UCl4 to UCl3 as the initial step in the reaction. The UB4 product is purified by washing with water. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Isotope & Nucl Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lupinetti, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Mail Stop E511 NMT 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2316 EP 2318 DI 10.1021/ic015607a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 547TN UT WOS:000175348200006 PM 11978092 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Alam, TM Rodriguez, MA Zechmann, CA AF Boyle, TJ Alam, TM Rodriguez, MA Zechmann, CA TI Hydrolysis of in(II) neo-pentoxide: Syntheses, characterization, and X-ray structures of [Sn(ONeP)(2)](infinity), Sn-5(mu(3)-O)(2)(mu-ONeP)(6), and Sn-6(mu(3)-O)(4)(mu-ONeP)(4) where ONeP = OCH2CMe3 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TIN(IV) ALKOXIDE COMPOUNDS; OXIDE THIN-FILMS; CDTE SOLAR-CELLS; TIN OXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; TITANIUM(IV) NEOPENTOXIDES; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; METAL CENTERS AB The reaction of [Sn(NMe2)(2)](2) (1) with 4 equiv of HOCH2CMe3 (HONep) leads to the isolation of [Sn(ONeP)(2)](infinity) (2). Each Sn atom is four coordinated with mu-ONep ligands bridging the metal centers; however, if the free electrons of the Sn(II) metal center are considered, each Sn center adopts a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) geometry, Through Sn-119 NMR experiments, the polymeric compound 2 was found to be disrupted into smaller oligomers in solution. Titration of 2 with H2O led to the identification of two unique hydrolysis products characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as Sn-5(mu(3)-O)(2)(mu-ONeP)(6) (3) and Sn-6(mu(3)-O)(4)(mu-ONep)(4) (4). Compound 3 consists of an asymmetrical molecule that has five Sn atoms arranged in a square-based pyramidal geometry linked by four basal mu-ONep ligands, two facial mu(3)-O, and two facial mu-ONep ligands. Compound 4 was solved in a novel octahedral arrangement of six Sn cations with an asymmetric arrangement of mu(3)-O and mu-ONep ligands that yields two square base pyramidal and four pyramidal coordinated Sn cations. These compounds were further identified by multinuclear (H-1, C-13, O-17, and Sn-119) solid-state MAS and high resolution, solution NMR experiments, Because of the complexity of the compounds and the accessibility of the various nuclei, 2D NMR experiments were also undertaken to elucidate the solution behavior of these compounds. On the basis of these studies, it was determined that while the central core of the solid-state structures of 3 and 4 is retained, dynamic ligand exchange leads to more symmetrical molecules in solution. Novel products 3 and 4 lend structural insight into the stepwise hydrolysis of Sn(II) alkoxides. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 61 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2574 EP 2582 DI 10.1021/ic011247f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 547TN UT WOS:000175348200043 PM 11978129 ER PT J AU Espenson, JH Shan, XP Wang, Y Huang, RL Lahti, DW Dixon, J Lente, G Ellern, A Guzei, IA AF Espenson, JH Shan, XP Wang, Y Huang, RL Lahti, DW Dixon, J Lente, G Ellern, A Guzei, IA TI Synthesis and characterization of dimetallic oxorhenium(V) and dioxorhenium(VII) compounds, and a study of stoichiometric and catalytic reactions SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; COMPLEXES; MONOMERIZATION; SYSTEMS; DIMER AB Chelating dithiolate ligands-e.g., mtp from 2-(mercaptomethyl)thlophenol, edt from 1,2-ethanedithiol, and pdt from 1,3-propanedithiol-stabilize high-valent oxorhenium(V) against hydrolytic and oxidative decomposition. In addition to the dithiolate chelating to a single rhenium, one sulfur forms a coordinate bond to the other rhenium. In one arrangement this gives a dimer with a nearly planar diamond core with different internal Re-S distances. The new compounds are {MeReO(edt)}(2) (2) and {MeReO(pdt)}(2) (3), which can be compared to the previously known {MeReO(mtp)}(2) (1), Another mode of synthesis leads to {ReO}(2)(mtp)(3) (5) and {ReO}(2)(edt)(3) (6). They, too, have similar Re2S2 cores that involve donor atoms from two of the dithiolate ligands; the third dithiolate chelates one of the rhenium atoms. Gentle hydrolysis of 1 affords [Bu(n)4][{MeReO(mtp)}(2)(mu-OH)] (7) in low yield, It appears to be the first example of this structural type for rhenium. The use of dithioerythritol as a starting material allowed the synthesis of a dioxorhenium(VII) compound, {MeReO2}(2)(dte) (8). Its importance lies in understanding the role such compounds are believed to play as intermediates in oxygen atom catalysis. Ligation of the dimers 1-3 converts them into monomeric compounds, MeReO(dithiolate)L. These reactions go essentially to completion for L = PPh3, but reach an equilibrium for L = NC5H4R. With R = 4-Ph, the values of K/10(3) L mol(-1) for the reactions (1-3) + 2L = 2MeReO(dithiolate)L are identical within 3sigma: 1.15(3) (1), 1.24(4) (2), and 1.03(16) (3), The rates of monomer formation follow the rate law -d In [dimer]/dt = k(a)[L] + k(b)[L](2). These trends were found: (1) phosphines are slow to react compared to pyridines, (2) the edt dimer 2 reacts much more rapidly than 1 and 3. Dimer 1 and MeReO(mtp)PPh3 both catalyze oxygen atom transfer: PicO + PPh3 - Pic + Ph3PO. Compound 1 is ca. 90 times more reactive, which can be attributed to its lability toward small ligands as opposed to the low rate of displacement of PPh3 from the mononuclear catalyst, The kinetics of this reaction follows the rate law -d[PicO]/dt = k[PicO][1]/{1 + kappa[PPh3]}, with k = 5.8 x 10(6) L mol(-1) s(-1) and kappa = 3.5 x 10(2) L mol(-1) at 23 degreesC in benzene. A mechanism has been proposed to account for these findings. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lente, Gabor/H-3645-2011 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 9 BP 2583 EP 2591 DI 10.1021/ic011287j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 547TN UT WOS:000175348200044 PM 11978130 ER PT J AU Alawadhi, H Miotkowski, I Lewicki, A Ramdas, AK Miotkowska, S McElfresh, M AF Alawadhi, H Miotkowski, I Lewicki, A Ramdas, AK Miotkowska, S McElfresh, M TI Magnetic susceptibility and compositional dependence of the energy gap in Cd1-xCoxTe SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; SEMIMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; IONS; SUPEREXCHANGE; ZN1-XCOXTE; STEPS; HEAT; CO2+; MN AB Single crystals of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Cd1-xCoxTe grown by the vertical Bridgman technique are characterized by wavelength-modulated reflectivity and magnetization measurements. Low-temperature magnetization and high-temperature magnetic susceptibility analysis were used to extract the exchange integrals for up to third-neighbour Co2+ pairs in the CdTe host: J(1)/(B) = -25+/-7 K, J(2)/k(B) = -3.0+/-1.5 K, and J(3)/k(B) = -1.3+/-0.3 K. These values correspond well to the values obtained for other Co-based II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors and are a clear manifestation of the unusually large Co2+-CO2+ antiferromagnetic interaction. The excitonic energy gap E-g(x) of Cd1-xCoxTe in the wavelength-modulated reflectivity shows a linear monotonic increase with increasing x in the composition range studied. C1 Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Mat Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Alawadhi, H (reprint author), Univ Sharjah, Dept Basic Sci, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 17 BP 4611 EP 4620 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/17/330 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 555WL UT WOS:000175816200033 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D AF Kharzeev, D TI Heavy quarks and QCD matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PARTICLE SPECTRA; ANNIHILATION; SUPPRESSION; SATURATION; RADIATION AB I present recent results on the theory of QCD matter production in high energy heavy ion collisions and on the interactions of heavy quarks in such environment. The centrality and rapidity dependence of hadron production is evaluated in semi-classical approach. The energy loss of heavy quarks in matter is computed. The heavy-to-light meson ratio (e.g., D/pi) at moderate transverse momenta is demonstrated to be both sensitive to the density of color charges in the medium and infrared stable. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 39C EP 48C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00687-5 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400006 ER PT J AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L TI The color glass condensate SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; LARGE NUCLEI; SINGULARITY AB The Color Glass Condensate is a state of high density gluonic matter which controls the high energy limit of hadronic interactions, Its properties are important for the initial conditions for matter produced at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 49C EP 64C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00688-7 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400007 ER PT J AU Peshier, A AF Peshier, A TI Resummation of the QCD thermodynamic potential SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FREE-ENERGY; GAUGE-THEORY; EQUATION; STATE; G(5) AB It is argued why thermodynamic approximations in terms of dressed propagators may, at larger coupling strength, be better behaved than perturbative results, and why in hot QCD the hard thermal loop approximation of the thermodynamic potential cannot be expected to work close to the phase transition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peshier, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 128C EP 133C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00695-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400014 ER PT J AU Bernard, C Burch, T Datta, S DeGrand, TA DeTar, CE Gottlieb, S Heller, UM Orginos, K Sugar, RL Toussaint, D AF Bernard, C Burch, T Datta, S DeGrand, TA DeTar, CE Gottlieb, S Heller, UM Orginos, K Sugar, RL Toussaint, D TI Thermodynamics with 2+1 and 3 flavors of improved staggered quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; LATTICE QCD AB We present preliminary results from exploring the phase diagram of finite temperature QCD with three degenerate flavors and with two light flavors and the mass of the third held approximately at the strange quark mass. We use an order alphas(2)a(2), a(4) Symanzik improved gauge action and an order alpha(s)a(2), a(4) improved staggered quark action. The improved staggered action leads to a dispersion relation with diminished lattice artifacts, and hence better thermodynamic properties, It decreases the flavor symmetry breaking of staggered quarks substantially, and we estimate that at the transition temperature for an N-t = 8 to N-t = 10 lattice all pions will be lighter than the lightest kaon, Preliminary results on lattices with N-t = 4. 6 and 8 are presented. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bernard, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 140C EP 145C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00697-8 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400016 ER PT J AU Pisarski, RD AF Pisarski, RD TI Tests of the Polyakov Loops Model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; DECONFINEMENT PHASE-TRANSITION; ADJOINT WILSON LINE; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SU(2); CONDENSATE; ENERGY; QCD AB I give a brief review of the Polyakov Loops Model and tests thereof. I concentrate especially on how in a pure SU(N) gauge theory, Polvakov loops with Z(N) charges two and three affect the effective potential for charge-one loops. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 151C EP 158C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00699-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400018 ER PT J AU Schafer, T AF Schafer, T TI The ground state of strange quark matter SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID HIGH-DENSITY QCD; COLOR-FLAVOR-LOCKING; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; DISPERSION-LAWS; BARYON DENSITY; LOCKED PHASE; MESON MASS; CFL PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We review recent work on the ground state and the spectrum of excitations of superfluid strange quark matter. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schafer, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 167C EP 176C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00701-7 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400020 ER PT J AU Pisarski, RD Rischke, DH AF Pisarski, RD Rischke, DH TI Gauge invariance of the color-superconducting gap on the mass shell SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID DENSITY QUARK MATTER; QCD; SUPERFLUIDITY AB The gap parameter for color superconductivity is expected to be a gauge invariant quantity, at least on the appropriate mass shell. Computing the gap to subleading order in the QCD coupling constant, g, we show that the prefactor of the exponential in 1/g is gauge dependent off the mass shell, and independent of gauge on the mass shell. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 177C EP 184C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00702-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400021 ER PT J AU Fraga, ES Pisarski, RD Schaffner-Bielich, J AF Fraga, ES Pisarski, RD Schaffner-Bielich, J TI New class of compact stars at high density SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID GAUGE VECTOR-MESONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; GROUND-STATE ENERGY; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FINITE TEMPERATURE; NEUTRON-STARS; 3RD FAMILY; MATTER; QCD; PHASE AB We discuss the equation of state for cold, dense quark matter in perturbation theory, and how it might match onto that of hadronic matter. Certain choices of the renormalization scale correspond to a strongly first order chiral transition, and may generate a new class of small and very dense quark stars. The results for the mass-radius relation are compatible with the recent determination of the mass and the radius of an isolated neutron star by Pons et al. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fraga, ES (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LPT, Batiment 210, F-91405 Orsay, France. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 217C EP 223C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00709-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400028 ER PT J AU Krasnitz, A Nara, Y Venugopalan, R AF Krasnitz, A Nara, Y Venugopalan, R TI Recent progress in computing initial conditions for high energy heavy ion collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; SMALL-X; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; MINIJET PRODUCTION; ELLIPTIC FLOW; BFKL EQUATION; RADIATION AB Classical methods are used to compute multi-particle production in the initial instants of a high energy heavy ion collision. Non-perturbative expressions are derived relating the distributions of produced partons to those of wee partons in the wavefunctions of the colliding nuclei. The time evolution of components of the stress-energy tensor is studied and the impact parameter dependence of elliptic flow is extracted. We discuss the space-time picture that emerges and interpret the RHIC data within this framework. C1 Univ Algarve, CENTRA, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krasnitz, A (reprint author), Univ Algarve, CENTRA, Campus Gambelas, P-8000 Faro, Portugal. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 227C EP 237C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00710-8 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400029 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Modified fragmentation function and jet quenching at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; P(T) HADRON SPECTRA; NUCLEAR-DEPENDENCE; GLUON RADIATION; AA COLLISIONS; QCD; PARTONS; MIDRAPIDITY; PLASMA AB Medium modification of jet fragmentation functions and parton energy loss in cold and hot matter are reviewed. The predicted nuclear modification of the jet fragmentation function agrees well with the recent HERMES data with a resultant energy loss dE/dx approximate to 0.3 GeV/fm. From the the recent PHENIX data of high P-T pi(0) spectra in central Au + Au collisions at roots = 130 GeV, one extracts air energy loss that is equivalent to dE/dx = 12 GeV/fm in a static medium with the same gluon density as ill the initial Stage of the collision at tau(0) = 0.2 fm/c. Constraints on jet quenching by the central rapidity density of charged hadrons is also discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Mailstop 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 238C EP 248C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00711-X PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400030 ER PT J AU Koch, V Bleicher, M Jeon, S AF Koch, V Bleicher, M Jeon, S TI Event-by-event fluctuations and the QGP SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Statistial QCD CY AUG 26-30, 2001 CL UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES, BIELEFELD, GERMANY SP ZiF, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinschaft HO UNIV BIELEFELD, CTR INTERDISCIPLINARY RES ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; QCD; EQUILIBRATION; LATTICE AB We discuss the physics underlying event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We will emphasize how the fluctuations of particle ratios can be utilized to explore the properties of the matter created in these collisions. In particular, we will argue that the fluctutions of the ratio of positively over negatively charged particles may serve as a unique signature for the Quark Gluon Plasma. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 702 BP 291C EP 298C AR PII S0375-9474(02)00716-9 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 575KA UT WOS:000176944400035 ER PT J AU Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Averitte, S Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Barrio, M Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Belz, J Ben-David, R Bergman, DR Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Corti, G Cox, B Crisler, MB Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, G Graham, J Hagan, K Halkiadakis, E Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hidaka, S Hsiung, YB Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE LaDue, J Lath, A Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Mikelsons, P Monnier, E Nakaya, T Nelson, KS Nguyen, H O'Dell, V Pang, M Pordes, R Prasad, V Qi, XR Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Roodman, A Sadamoto, M Schnetzer, S Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shawhan, PS Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Somalwar, SV Stone, RL Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Thomson, GB Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Turner, SE Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Winstein, B Winston, R Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED AF Alavi-Harati, A Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Arisaka, K Averitte, S Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Barrio, M Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Belz, J Ben-David, R Bergman, DR Blucher, E Bock, GJ Bown, C Bright, S Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Corti, G Cox, B Crisler, MB Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, G Graham, J Hagan, K Halkiadakis, E Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hidaka, S Hsiung, YB Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE LaDue, J Lath, A Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Mikelsons, P Monnier, E Nakaya, T Nelson, KS Nguyen, H O'Dell, V Pang, M Pordes, R Prasad, V Qi, XR Quinn, B Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Roodman, A Sadamoto, M Schnetzer, S Senyo, K Shanahan, P Shawhan, PS Shields, J Slater, W Solomey, N Somalwar, SV Stone, RL Swallow, EC Taegar, SA Tesarek, RJ Thomson, GB Toale, PA Tripathi, A Tschirhart, R Turner, SE Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Winstein, B Winston, R Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED CA KTeV Collaboration TI Measurement of the K-L charge asymmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB We present a measurement of the charge asymmetry delta(L) in the mode K-L-->pi(+/-)e(-/+)nu based on 298 x 10(6) analyzed decays. We measure a value of delta(L)=[3322+/-58(stat )+/-47(syst)] x 10(-6), in good agreement with previous measurements and 2.4 times more precise than the current best published result. The result is used to place more stringent limits on CPT and DeltaS = DeltaQ violation in the neutral kaon system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, NY USA. Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. CNRS, CPP Marseille, Marseille, France. RP Nguyen, H (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 181601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.181601 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100006 PM 12005674 ER PT J AU Batista, CD Bonca, J Gubernatis, JE AF Batista, CD Bonca, J Gubernatis, JE TI Segmented band mechanism for itinerant ferromagnetism SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETISM; CERH3B2; LATTICE; STATE; NARROW; MODEL AB We introduce a novel mechanism for itinerant ferromagnetism, which is based on a simple two-band model, and, by using numerical and analytical methods, we show that the periodic Anderson model contains this mechanism. We propose that the mechanism, which does not assume an intra-atomic Hund's coupling, is present in both the iron group and some f electron compounds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Batista, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 187203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.187203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100049 PM 12005717 ER PT J AU Black, D Harada, M Schechter, J AF Black, D Harada, M Schechter, J TI Vector-meson-dominance model for radiative decays involving light scalar mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRIES; NONET; SCATTERING; BREAKING; HADRONS; SEARCH; STATES AB We study a vector-dominance model which predicts quite a large number of currently interesting decay amplitudes of the types S --> gammagamma , V --> Sgamma, and S --> Vgamma , where S and V denote scalar and vector mesons, in terms of three parameters. As an application, the model makes it easy to study in detail a recent proposal to boost the ratio Gamma(phi --> f(0)gamma)/Gamma (phi --> a(0)(0)gamma) by including the isospin violating a(0)(0)-f(0) mixing. However, we find that this effect is actually small in our model. C1 Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Black, D (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Theory Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 42 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 181603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.181603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100008 PM 12005676 ER PT J AU De Vita, R Anghinolfi, M Burkert, VD Dodge, GE Minehart, R Taiuti, M Weller, H Adams, G Amaryan, MJ Anciant, E Armstrong, DS Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Branford, D Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Calarco, JR Capitani, GP Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Demirchyan, R Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Farhi, L Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovatch, E Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkanov, BS Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Loukachine, K Lucas, M Major, W Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Muccifora, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nelson, SO Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Opper, AK O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Reolon, AR Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, S Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, T Smith, LC Sober, DI Sorrell, L Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thompson, R Todor, L Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weisberg, A Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z AF De Vita, R Anghinolfi, M Burkert, VD Dodge, GE Minehart, R Taiuti, M Weller, H Adams, G Amaryan, MJ Anciant, E Armstrong, DS Asavapibhop, B Asryan, G Audit, G Auger, T Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, H Ball, JP Barrow, S Battaglieri, M Beard, K Bektasoglu, M Bianchi, N Biselli, AS Boiarinov, S Bonner, BE Bosted, P Bouchigny, S Branford, D Brooks, WK Bueltmann, S Calarco, JR Capitani, GP Carman, DS Carnahan, B Cazes, A Ciciani, L Cole, PL Coleman, A Connelly, J Cords, D Corvisiero, P Crabb, D Crannell, H Cummings, JP De Sanctis, E Degtyarenko, PV Demirchyan, R Denizli, H Dennis, L Dharmawardane, KV Dhuga, KS Djalali, C Doughty, D Dragovitsch, P Dugger, M Dytman, S Eckhause, M Egiyan, H Egiyan, KS Elouadrhiri, L Empl, A Farhi, L Fatemi, R Feuerbach, RJ Ficenec, J Forest, TA Frolov, V Funsten, H Gaff, SJ Gai, M Garcon, M Gavalian, G Gilad, S Gilfoyle, GP Giovanetti, KL Girard, P Golovatch, E Griffioen, K Guidal, M Guillo, M Gyurjyan, V Hadjidakis, C Hancock, D Hardie, J Heddle, D Heimberg, P Hersman, FW Hicks, K Hicks, RS Holtrop, M Hu, J Hyde-Wright, CE Ishkanov, BS Ito, MM Jenkins, D Joo, K Kelley, JH Kellie, JD Khandaker, M Kim, KY Kim, K Kim, W Klein, A Klein, FJ Klusman, M Kossov, M Kramer, LH Kuang, Y Kuhn, J Kuhn, SE Lachniet, J Laget, JM Lawrence, D Li, J Livingston, K Longhi, A Loukachine, K Lucas, M Major, W Manak, JJ Marchand, C McAleer, S McCarthy, J McNabb, JWC Mecking, BA Mestayer, MD Meyer, CA Mikhailov, K Mirazita, M Miskimen, R Mokeev, V Muccifora, V Mueller, J Mutchler, GS Napolitano, J Nelson, SO Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Niczyporuk, BB Niyazov, RA Opper, AK O'Rielly, GV Osipenko, M Park, K Pasyuk, E Peterson, G Philips, SA Pivnyuk, N Pocanic, D Pogorelko, O Polli, E Pozdniakov, S Preedom, BM Price, JW Prok, Y Protopopescu, D Qin, LM Raue, BA Reolon, AR Riccardi, G Ricco, G Ripani, M Ritchie, BG Rock, S Ronchetti, F Rossi, P Rowntree, D Rubin, PD Sabatie, F Sabourov, K Salgado, C Sapunenko, V Sargsyan, M Schumacher, RA Serov, VS Shafi, A Sharabian, YG Shaw, J Skabelin, AV Smith, ES Smith, T Smith, LC Sober, DI Sorrell, L Spraker, M Stavinsky, A Stepanyan, S Stoler, P Strakovsky, II Taylor, S Tedeschi, DJ Thompson, R Todor, L Ungaro, M Vineyard, MF Vlassov, AV Wang, K Weinstein, LB Weisberg, A Weygand, DP Whisnant, CS Wolin, E Yegneswaran, A Yun, J Zhang, B Zhao, J Zhou, Z CA CLAS Collaboration TI First measurement of the double spin asymmetry in (e)over-right-arrow(p)over-right-arrow -> e 'pi(+)n in the resonance region (vol 88, art no 082001, 2002) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP De Vita, R (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RI Bektasoglu, Mehmet/A-2074-2012; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Schumacher, Reinhard/K-6455-2013; Auger, Thierry/L-1073-2013 OI Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Schumacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-3860-1827; NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 189903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.189903 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100067 ER PT J AU Krack, BD Ozolins, V Asta, M Daruka, I AF Krack, BD Ozolins, V Asta, M Daruka, I TI "Devil's staircases" in bulk-immiscible ultrathin alloy films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLED LATERAL MULTILAYERS; PERIODIC DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGICAL STABILITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ISING-MODEL; NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACES; ORDER; METAL AB Ground-state phase diagrams of ultrathin epitaxial alloy films are studied within the framework of a discrete lattice-model Hamiltonian incorporating competing elastic and chemical interactions. For bulk-immiscible alloy systems an infinite number of commensurate, long-period stripe-superstructure ground states are obtained as a function of chemical potential. The average periodicity of these stripe superstructures is found to be a nonmonotonic function of alloy composition, in contrast to the predictions of continuum theories for two-dimensional systems with competing interactions. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krack, BD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Ozolins, Vidvuds/D-4578-2009 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 186101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.186101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100033 PM 12005701 ER PT J AU Petersen, L Ismail Plummer, EW AF Petersen, L Ismail Plummer, EW TI Comment on "Sn/Ge(111) surface charge-density-wave phase transition" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Petersen, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 189701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.189701 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100063 PM 12005731 ER PT J AU Wang, CX Kim, KJ AF Wang, CX Kim, KJ TI Linear theory of ionization cooling in 6D phase space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM AB A linear theory is developed for ionization cooling of muon beams in periodic channels that can provide cooling of the transverse emittances and also of the longitudinal emittance via emittance exchange. The channels incorporate solenoids and quadrupoles for transverse focusing, dipoles to generate dispersion, wedged absorbers for ionization, and rf cavities for acceleration. The beam evolution near equilibrium is described by coupled first-order differential equations for five generalized emittances with two excitation sources. The results should be useful for understanding the cooling process and for designing cooling channels of future muon colliders and neutrino factories. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wang, CX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 18 AR 184801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.184801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 544ZQ UT WOS:000175192100019 PM 12005687 ER PT J AU Cameron, PA Davison, BH Frymier, PD Barton, JW AF Cameron, PA Davison, BH Frymier, PD Barton, JW TI Direct transesterification of gases by "dry" immobilized lipase SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE enzyme; dry; transesterification; vapor; gas; biocatalysis ID PHASE; BIOCATALYSIS AB Several different reactor configurations, including single pass, continuous recycle, and batch reactor modes, were used to investigate the effects of temperature and water activity, or relative humidity, on lipase-catalyzed, gas-phase transesterifications. Temperature and relative humidity were controlled both inside reactors and throughout the course of the reaction to account for and optimize their effects. Results indicated that, at low relative humidity, reaction rates increased with temperature up to 60degreesC. However, when relative humidity was increased, a similar increase in temperature resulted in the loss of nearly all enzyme activity. These results are consistent with the idea that enzymes without free water are more thermally stable. Furthermore, at constant ambient temperatures, production increased dramatically with an increase in relative humidity, confirming the idea that an increase in water activity increases catalytic activity. A mass balance performed on reactors at higher relative humidity revealed that hydrolysis (rather than transesterification) of the ester substrate could significantly decrease product yields. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Davison, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD MAY 5 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 3 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1002/bit.10150 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 549JU UT WOS:000175441400002 PM 11920441 ER PT J AU Huse, M Kuriyan, J AF Huse, M Kuriyan, J TI The conformational plasticity of protein kinases SO CELL LA English DT Review ID TGF-BETA RECEPTOR; ALDRICH-SYNDROME PROTEIN; TYROSINE KINASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; C-SRC; INSULIN-RECEPTOR; BINDING DOMAIN; ACTIVATION; COMPLEX AB Protein kinases operate in a large number of distinct signaling pathways, where the tight regulation of their catalytic activity is crucial to the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms. The catalytic domains of different kinases adopt strikingly similar structures when they are active. By contrast, crystal structures of inactive kinases have revealed a remarkable plasticity in the kinase domain that allows the adoption of distinct conformations in response to interactions with specific regulatory domains or proteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 978 Z9 1003 U1 10 U2 81 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 109 IS 3 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00741-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 548WD UT WOS:000175412100003 PM 12015977 ER PT J AU Broadwater, JA Whittle, E Shanklin, J AF Broadwater, JA Whittle, E Shanklin, J TI Desaturation and Hydroxylation - Residues 148 and 324 of Arabidopsis FAD2, in addition to substrate chain length, exert a major influence in partitioning of catalytic specificity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OLEATE DESATURASE; FATTY-ACIDS; GENE; ENZYME; THALIANA; YEAST; CRYPTOREGIOCHEMISTRY; TRANSFORMATION; MONOOXYGENASE; EXPRESSION AB Exchanging the identity of amino acids at four key locations within the Arabidopsis thaliana oleate desaturase (FAD2) and the Lesquerella fendleri hydroxylase/desaturase (LFAH) was shown to influence partitioning between desaturation and hydroxylation (Broun, P., Shanklin, J., Whittle, E., and Somerville, C. (1998) Science 282, 1315-1317). We report that four analogous substitutions in the FAD2 sequence by their equivalents from the castor oleate hydroxylase result in hydroxy fatty acid accumulation in A. thaliana to the same levels as for the wild-type castor hydroxylase. We also describe the relative contribution of these substitutions, both individually and in combination, by analyzing the products resulting from their expression in A. thaliana and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast expression showed that M324V, a change reachable by a single point mutation, altered the product distribution similar to49-fold, and that residue 148 is also a predominant determinant of reaction outcome. Comparison of residues at position 148 of FAD2, LFAH, and the Ricinus oleate hydroxylase prompted us to rationally engineer LFAH-N149I, a variant with similar to1.9-fold increase in hydroxylation specificity compared with that of wild-type LFAH. Control experiments showed that the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana FAD2 desaturase has inherent, low level, hydroxylation activity. Further, fatty acid desaturases from different kingdoms and with different regio-specificities exhibit similar intrinsic hydroxylase activity, underscoring fundamental mechanistic similarities between desaturation and hydroxylation. For LFAH mutants the hydroxylation:desaturation ratio is 5-9-fold higher for 18-carbon versus 16-carbon substrates, supporting our hypothesis that substrate positioning in the active site plays a key role in the partitioning of catalytic specificity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463,50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 41 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 18 BP 15613 EP 15620 DI 10.1074/jbc.M200231200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 550PA UT WOS:000175510400054 PM 11864983 ER PT J AU Hayward, LJ Rodriguez, JA Kim, JW Tiwari, A Goto, JJ Cabelli, DE Valentine, JS Brown, RH AF Hayward, LJ Rodriguez, JA Kim, JW Tiwari, A Goto, JJ Cabelli, DE Valentine, JS Brown, RH TI Decreased metallation and activity in subsets of mutant superoxide dismutases associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSGENIC MICE; WILD-TYPE; CU,ZN-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; COPPER; MUTATIONS; SOD1; ALS; DISEASE AB Over 90 different mutations in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause similar to2% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases by an unknown mechanism. We engineered 14 different human ALS-related SOD1 mutants and obtained high yields of biologically metallated proteins from an Sf21 insect cell expression system. Both the wild type and mutant "as isolated" SOD1 variants were deficient in copper and were heterogeneous by native gel electrophoresis. By contrast, although three mutant SOD1s with substitutions near the metal binding sites (H46R, G85R, and D124V) were severely deficient in both copper and zinc ions, zinc deficiency was not a consistent feature shared by the as isolated mutants. Eight mutants (A4V, L38V, G41S, G72S, D76Y, D90A, G93A, and E133Delta) exhibited normal SOD activity over pH 5.5-10.5, per equivalent of copper, consistent with the presumption that bound copper was in the proper metal-binding site and was fully active. The H48Q variant contained a high copper content yet was 100-fold less active than the wild type enzyme and exhibited a blue shift in the visible absorbance peak of bound Cu(II), indicating rearrangement of the Cu(II) coordination geometry. Further characterization of these as-isolated SOD1 proteins may provide new insights regarding mutant SOD1 enzyme toxicity in ALS. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hayward, LJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. RI Tiwari, Ashutosh/A-7458-2008; Valentine, Joan/B-6665-2008 OI Tiwari, Ashutosh/0000-0001-7373-349X; Valentine, Joan/0000-0002-7174-925X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM28222]; NINDS NIH HHS [P01NS31248, P01NS37912] NR 56 TC 211 Z9 213 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 18 BP 15923 EP 15931 DI 10.1074/jbc.M112087200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 550PA UT WOS:000175510400095 PM 11854284 ER PT J AU Lister, TE Chu, Y Cullen, W You, H Yonco, RM Mitchell, JF Nagy, Z AF Lister, TE Chu, Y Cullen, W You, H Yonco, RM Mitchell, JF Nagy, Z TI Electrochemical and X-ray scattering study of well defined RuO2 single crystal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electrified Interfaces CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL ACADIA UNIV, WOLFVILLE, CANADA SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc Canadian Sect, Elsevier Sci, Gamble Technol, London Sci, Molec Imaging, Sys Res HO ACADIA UNIV DE ruthenium dioxide electrodes; cyclic voltammetry; synchrotron X-ray scattering; single crystal electrodes; ultracapacitors ID ELECTRODE MATERIAL; RUTHENIUM DIOXIDE; ACID SOLUTIONS; OXIDE; BEHAVIOR; ADSORPTION; MONOLAYER; ANODES; WATER AB Electrochemical and synchrotron surface-X-ray scattering measurements were performed on two low index faces, (110) and (100), of RuO2 single crystal electrodes in a variety of solutions. The two crystal faces displayed uniquely different cyclic voltammograms and the structural changes associated with cyclic voltammograms were investigated with synchrotron surface-X-ray scattering measurements. In sulfuric acid solution, the cyclic voltammogram of the (100) surface exhibits a reduction signature near the hydrogen evolution potential. The reduction feature was found to be associated with an expansion of the top ruthenium layer approximately along the (110) direction. The same reduction feature was seen much less clearly at the (110) surface. However, the associated displacement of ruthenium atoms is very similar to that of the (100) surface, leading to the conclusion that the oxygen bonds on the surface are elongated by a chemical reaction of the oxygen atoms with hydronium molecules in solution. In NaOH solution, the cyclic voltammogram of the (110) surface indicates two clearly identifiable oxidation features near the oxygen evolution potential. We find that the oxidation features are associated with the clearly identifiable surface-structure changes and these structure models are presented. The structure models and corresponding charge-transfer amounts were consistent with the pH-dependent cyclic voltammograms and the super-nernstian behavior measured by adding phosphoric acid to the solution. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP You, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 524 SI SI BP 201 EP 218 AR PII S0022-0728(02)00744-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)00744-1 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 569DE UT WOS:000176584600024 ER PT J AU Brankovic, SR Wang, JX Zhu, Y Sabatini, R McBreen, J Adzic, RR AF Brankovic, SR Wang, JX Zhu, Y Sabatini, R McBreen, J Adzic, RR TI Electrosorption and catalytic properties of bare and Pt modified single crystal and nanostructured Ru surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electrified Interfaces CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL ACADIA UNIV, WOLFVILLE, CANADA SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc Canadian Sect, Elsevier Sci, Gamble Technol, London Sci, Molec Imaging, Sys Res HO ACADIA UNIV DE single crystal Ru(0001) and Ru(10-10) electrodes; Ru oxidation; Pt deposition; Ru nanoparticles; CO tolerance ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; IRREVERSIBLY ADSORBED PALLADIUM; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; IN-SITU; METHANOL OXIDATION; PT(111) ELECTRODE; RU(0001) SURFACE; SPONTANEOUS DEPOSITION; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; CHARGE DISPLACEMENT AB The electrosorption and catalytic properties of bare and Pt modified Ru(0001) and Ru(10 - 10) single crystal surfaces and carbon supported Ru nanoparticles have been studied by electrochemical, surface X-ray scattering, scanning tunneling microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. The electrochemical surface oxidation of Ru(0001) in H2SO4 is an one-electron process resulting in 1 monolayer oxygen uptake and the increased spacing between the top two Ru layers from 2.13 Angstrom at 0.1 V to 2.20 Angstrom at 1.0 V. About 1/3 monolayer of bisulfate anions are coadsorbed with hydronium cations at low potentials. In HClO4 solution, the adsorption process at similar to 0.1 V is due to the surface oxidation apparently to RuOH rather than to hydrogen adsorption. The oxidation of Ru(10 - 10) is quite facile and a progressive growth of the oxide layer is observed in repeated potential cycles. Spontaneous deposition of a submonolayer-to-multilayer of Pt on metallic Ru surfaces is a new phenomenon involving a noble metal deposition on a noble metal substrate through a local cell mechanism, The electrocatalysts prepared by spontaneous deposition of Pt on Ru nanoparticles have high activity and high CO tolerance exceeding those of the state-of-the-art commercial catalysts containing several times higher Pt loadings. Electronic effects appear to play a role in providing enhanced CO tolerance of Pt submonolayers on Ru nanoparticles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Adzic, RR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 55 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 524 SI SI BP 231 EP 241 AR PII S0022-0728(02)00667-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)00667-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 569DE UT WOS:000176584600026 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TJ Ross, PN Markovic, NM AF Schmidt, TJ Ross, PN Markovic, NM TI Temperature dependent surface electrochemistry on Pt single crystals in alkaline electrolytes Part 2. The hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electrified Interfaces CY JUL 08-13, 2001 CL ACADIA UNIV, WOLFVILLE, CANADA SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc Canadian Sect, Elsevier Sci, Gamble Technol, London Sci, Molec Imaging, Sys Res HO ACADIA UNIV DE hydrogen evolution and oxidation; Pt single crystal electrodes; arrhenius plots ID CO OXIDATION; KINETICS; SPECIFICITY; ELECTRODES; EVOLUTION; INTERFACE; H-2; OPD; UPD AB The hydrogen evolution reaction (her) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (hor) are studied on Pt(111), Pt(100), and Pt(110) single crystal surfaces in 0.1 M KOH over the temperature range 275-333 K. The results demonstrated that the kinetics of the her/hor are structure sensitive processes, with Pt(110) being about ten times more active than either of the atomically 'flatter' (100) or (111) faces at 275 K. At higher temperatures, however, the value of the exchange current density differs by less than a factor of two between Pt(110) and Pt(111). The difference in activity with crystal face is attributed to the structure sensitive adsorption of underpotentially deposited hydrogen (H-upd) and hydroxyl species (OHad) and the effect these species have on the formation of the electroactive intermediate, H-opd, whose physical state is uncertain. It is proposed that in the vicinity of the Nernst potential H-upd and OHad may have two modes of action on the kinetics of the her/hor: a blocking effect from competition for the same sites with molecular H-2 and H-opd, and an energetic effect altering the adsorption energy of the reactive intermediate. The significant differences of the her/hor kinetics in alkaline versus acid electrolyte are suggested to arise mainly due to the presence of OHad even close to the reversible potential of the her/hor in alkaline electrolytes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schmidt, Thomas/A-2586-2010 OI Schmidt, Thomas/0000-0002-1636-367X NR 21 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 9 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 524 SI SI BP 252 EP 260 AR PII S0022-0728(02)00683-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)00683-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 569DE UT WOS:000176584600028 ER PT J AU Al-Hashimi, HM Gorin, A Majumdar, A Gosser, Y Patel, DJ AF Al-Hashimi, HM Gorin, A Majumdar, A Gosser, Y Patel, DJ TI Towards structural Genomics of RNA: Rapid NMR resonance assignment and simultaneous RNA tertiary structure determination using residual dipolar couplings SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resonance assignments; residual dipolar couplings; ribonomics; structural genomics; HIV-I TAR ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; SCALAR COUPLINGS; TAR RNA; MACROMOLECULES; ALIGNMENT AB We report a new residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) based NMR procedure for rapidly determining RNA tertiary structure demonstrated on a uniformly N-15/C-13-labeled 27 nt variant of the trans-activation response element (TAR) RNA from HIV-I. In this procedure, the time-consuming nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE)-based sequential assignment step is replaced by a fully automated RDC-based assignment strategy. This approach involves examination of all allowed sequence-specific resonance assignment permutations for best-fit agreement between measured RDCs and coordinates for sub-structures in a target RNA. Using idealized A-form geometries to model Watson-Crick helices and coordinates from a previous X-ray structure to model a hairpin loop in TAR, the best-fit RDC assignment solutions are determined very rapidly (< five minutes of computational time) and are in complete agreement with corresponding NOE-based assignments. Orientational constraints derived from RDCs are used simultaneously to assemble sub-structures into an RNA tertiary conformation. Through enhanced speeds of application and reduced reliance on chemical shift dispersion, this RDC-based approach lays the foundation for rapidly determining RNA conformations in a structural genomics context, and may increase the size limit of RNAs that can be examined by NMR. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cellular Biochem & Biophys Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Al-Hashimi, HM (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cellular Biochem & Biophys Program, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 64 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 318 IS 3 BP 637 EP 649 DI 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00160-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 554ZR UT WOS:000175767700004 PM 12054812 ER PT J AU Maslov, S Sneppen, K AF Maslov, S Sneppen, K TI Specificity and stability in topology of protein networks SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Molecular networks guide the biochemistry of a living cell on multiple levels: Its metabolic and signaling pathways are shaped by the network of interacting proteins, whose production, in turn, is controlled by the genetic regulatory network. To address topological properties of these two networks, we quantified correlations between connectivities of interacting nodes and compared them to a null model of a network, in which all links were randomly rewired. We found that for both interaction and regulatory networks, links between highly connected proteins are systematically suppressed, whereas those between a highly connected and low-connected pairs of proteins are favored. This effect decreases the likelihood of cross talk between different functional modules of the cell and increases the overall robustness of a network by localizing effects of deleterious perturbations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Maslov, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X; Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 14 TC 1376 Z9 1419 U1 11 U2 69 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5569 BP 910 EP 913 DI 10.1126/science.1065103 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 549KF UT WOS:000175442500044 PM 11988575 ER PT J AU Zeng, LM Franzen, HF Liang, HL Nie, YY AF Zeng, LM Franzen, HF Liang, HL Nie, YY TI Refinement of the crystal structure of Fe6Ge6Ho SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE rare earth compounds; transition metal compounds; crystal structure; X-ray diffraction ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY AB The crystal structure of Fe6Ge6Ho has been determined front single-crystal X-ray data. It crystallizes in the hexagonal, space group P6/mmm (no.191) with the Cu7Tb Structure type and a=5.102(2) Angstrom, c=4.050(2) Angstrom, z=0.5, v=91.29(3) Angstrom(3). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Guangxi Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Guangxi Inst Nationalities, Dept Phys, Nanning 530006, Guangxi, Peoples R China. Jiangxi Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Nanchang 330027, Jiangxi, Peoples R China. RP Zeng, LM (reprint author), Guangxi Univ, Inst Mat Sci, Nanning 530004, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 337 BP 186 EP 188 AR PII S0925-8388(01)01947-8 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01947-8 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 547XT UT WOS:000175358700033 ER PT J AU Micic, OI Nozik, AJ Lifshitz, E Rajh, T Poluektov, OG Thurnauer, MC AF Micic, OI Nozik, AJ Lifshitz, E Rajh, T Poluektov, OG Thurnauer, MC TI Electron and hole adducts formed in illuminated InP colloidal quantum dots studied by electron paramagnetic resonance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOIONIZATION; CLUSTERS; EMISSION; CHARGE; ODMR AB An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of photoexcited colloidal InP quantum dots (QD) shows the formation of electron and hole adducts. An EPR signal at g = 0.58 is assigned to a nonradiative hole trap that does not form immediately upon illumination, but forms only after the illuminated sample ages and becomes stabilized at room temperature; it then becomes permanent at the InP QD surface, This signal completely disappears upon electron injection into the QD, from a reducing agent (sodium biphenyl). Light immediately quenches the signal at g = 0.58, and it re-forms reversibly when the light is turned off. A signal at g = 2.055 is assigned to electron surface traps, and it appears in nonetched QD samples; it completely disappears after etching with HF. A signal at g = 2.001 has a very narrow line width and is assigned to delocalized mobile holes that are located in the QD core. A defect model for InP QDs is proposed based on the EPR results reported here plus results from optically detected magnetic resonance experiments reported separately. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Micic, OI (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 17 BP 4390 EP 4395 DI 10.1021/jp014180q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 547WZ UT WOS:000175356900008 ER PT J AU Butov, LV Lai, CW Ivanov, AL Gossard, AC Chemla, DS AF Butov, LV Lai, CW Ivanov, AL Gossard, AC Chemla, DS TI Towards Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in potential traps SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CU2O; STATISTICS; GAS AB An exciton is an electron-hole bound pair in a semiconductor. In the low-density limit, it is a composite Bose quasi-particle, akin to the hydrogen atom(1). Just as in dilute atomic gases(2,3), reducing the temperature or increasing the exciton density increases the occupation numbers of the low-energy states leading to quantum degeneracy and eventually to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)(1). Because the exciton mass is small-even smaller than the free electron mass-exciton BEC should occur at temperatures of about 1 K, many orders of magnitude higher than for atoms. However, it is in practice difficult to reach BEC conditions, as the temperature of excitons can considerably exceed that of the semiconductor lattice. The search for exciton BEC has concentrated on long-lived excitons: the exciton lifetime against electron-hole recombination therefore should exceed the characteristic timescale for the cooling of initially hot photo-generated excitons(4-10). Until now, all experiments on atom condensation were performed on atomic gases confined in the potential traps. Inspired by these experiments, and using specially designed semiconductor nanostructures, we have collected quasi-two-dimensional excitons in an in-plane potential trap. Our photoluminescence measurements show that the quasi-two-dimensional excitons indeed condense at the bottom of the traps, giving rise to a statistically degenerate Bose gas. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Butov, LV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lai, Chih Wei/E-4945-2010 OI Lai, Chih Wei/0000-0003-3571-4671 NR 17 TC 264 Z9 271 U1 2 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 417 IS 6884 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1038/417047a PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 546ZM UT WOS:000175307200033 PM 11986661 ER PT J AU Fleming, JG Lin, SY El-Kady, I Biswas, R Ho, KM AF Fleming, JG Lin, SY El-Kady, I Biswas, R Ho, KM TI All-metallic three-dimensional photonic crystals with a large infrared bandgap SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; EMISSION; GAPS AB Three-dimensional (3D) metallic crystals are promising photonic bandgap(1-3) structures: they can possess a large bandgap(4-6), new electromagnetic phenomena can be explored(7-9), and high-temperature (above 1,000 degreesC) applications may be possible. However, investigation of their photonic bandgap properties is challenging, especially in the infrared and visible spectrum, as metals are dispersive and absorbing in these regions(10). Studies of metallic photonic crystals have therefore mainly concentrated on microwave and millimetre wavelengths(8,11,12). Difficulties in fabricating 3D metallic crystals present another challenge, although emerging techniques such as self-assembly(13,14) may help to resolve these problems. Here we report measurements and simulations of a 3D tungsten crystal that has a large photonic bandgap at infrared wavelengths (from about 8 to 20 mum). A very strong attenuation exists in the bandgap similar to30 dB per unit cell at 12 mum. These structures also possess other interesting optical properties; a sharp absorption peak is present at the photonic band edge, and a surprisingly large transmission is observed in the allowed band, below 6 mum. We propose that these 3D metallic photonic crystals can be used to integrate various photonic transport phenomena, allowing applications in thermophotovoltaics and blackbody emission. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0603,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 NR 25 TC 419 Z9 427 U1 5 U2 90 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 417 IS 6884 BP 52 EP 55 DI 10.1038/417052a PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 546ZM UT WOS:000175307200034 PM 11986662 ER PT J AU Gillooly, JF Charnov, EL West, GB Savage, VM Brown, JH AF Gillooly, JF Charnov, EL West, GB Savage, VM Brown, JH TI Effects of size and temperature on developmental time SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT TIME; N-P STOICHIOMETRY; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; EGG SIZE; ZOOPLANKTON; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; LONGEVITY AB Body size and temperature are the two most important variables affecting nearly all biological rates and times(1-7). The relationship of size and temperature to development is of particular interest, because during ontogeny size changes and temperature often varies(8-12).Here we derive a general model, based on first principles of allometry and biochemical kinetics, that predicts the time of ontogenetic development as a function of body mass and temperature. The model fits embryonic development times spanning a wide range of egg sizes and incubation temperatures for birds and aquatic ectotherms (fish, amphibians, aquatic insects and zooplankton). The model also describes nearly 75% of the variation in post-embryonic development among a diverse sample of zooplankton. The remaining variation is partially explained by stoichiometry, specifically the whole-body carbon to phosphorus ratio. Development in other animals at other life stages is also described by this model. These results suggest a general definition of biological time that is approximately invariant and common to all organisms. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gillooly@unm.edu NR 30 TC 397 Z9 415 U1 21 U2 252 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 417 IS 6884 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1038/417070a PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 546ZM UT WOS:000175307200039 PM 11986667 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Soni, A AF Atwood, D Soni, A TI Using imprecise tags of CP eigenstates in B-s and the determination of the CKM phase gamma SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID LIFETIME DIFFERENCE; B-S-(B)OVER-BAR(S) SYSTEM; WIDTH DIFFERENCE; MESONS; DECAYS; QCD AB We consider the possibility of studying the CP properties of various B-S decays at an electron-positron machine tuned to the Y(5S). Since decay modes of the B-S with definite CP are relatively rare, we suggest that the use of more common modes which are not pure CP eigenstates may allow the determination of the CKM phase gamma. By studying the degree of correlation between different decay modes at a Y(5S) it is possible to determine the degree of affinity of each decay mode to a CP eigenstate. Once this is known, the correlation between a decay mode with a greater affinity to a particular CP eigenstate with a mode such as DS+K- gives a determination of the phase gamma. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 533 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 42 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01493-4 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01493-4 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 552LT UT WOS:000175622400005 ER PT J AU Bruneliere, R Denner, A Dittmaier, S Jadach, S Jezequel, S Placzek, W Roth, M Skrzypek, M Wackeroth, D Ward, BFL Was, Z AF Bruneliere, R Denner, A Dittmaier, S Jadach, S Jezequel, S Placzek, W Roth, M Skrzypek, M Wackeroth, D Ward, BFL Was, Z TI On theoretical uncertainties of the W angular distribution in W-pair production at LEP2 energies SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-BOSON COUPLINGS; (UN)STABLE W+W PRODUCTION; QED RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; UNIVERSAL MONTE-CARLO; NONFACTORIZABLE CORRECTIONS; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; FERMIONS; EXPONENTIATION; THRESHOLD; RACOONWW AB We discuss theoretical uncertainties of the distribution in the cosine of the W polar angle projected into a measurement of the anomalous triple gauge-boson coupling lambda = lambda(gamma) = lambda(Z) at LEP2 energies for the tandem of the Monte Carlo event generators KoralW and YFSWW3 and for the Monte Carlo event generator RacoonWW. Exploiting numerical results of these programs and cross-checks with experimental fitting procedures, we estimate that the theoretical uncertainty of the value of lambda due to electroweak corrections, as obtained at LEP2 with the help of these programs, is similar to 0.005, about half of the expected experimental error for the combined LEP2 experiments (similar to 0.010). We use certain idealized event selections; however, we argue that these results are valid for realistic LEP2 measurements. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 LAPP, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74940 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-30055 Krakow, Poland. CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Comp Sci, PL-30072 Krakow, Poland. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bruneliere, R (reprint author), LAPP, CNRS, IN2P3, Chemin Bellevue, F-74940 Annecy Le Vieux, France. OI Denner, Ansgar/0000-0002-7179-1132 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 533 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 84 AR PII S0370-2693(02)01561-7 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01561-7 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 552LT UT WOS:000175622400009 ER PT J AU Cociorva, D Baumgartner, G Lam, CC Sadayappan, P Ramanujam, J Nooijen, M Bernholdt, DE Harrison, R AF Cociorva, D Baumgartner, G Lam, CC Sadayappan, P Ramanujam, J Nooijen, M Bernholdt, DE Harrison, R TI Space-time trade-off optimization for a class of electronic structure calculations SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 02) CY JUN 17-19, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP ACM SIGPLAN DE algorithms; loop fusion; loop transformation; tile size selection ID ENERGIES AB The accurate modeling of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules is very computationally intensive. Many models of electronic structure, such as the Coupled Cluster approach, involve collections of tensor contractions. There are usually a large number of alternative ways of implementing the tensor contractions, representing different trade-offs between the space required for temporary intermediates and the total number of arithmetic operations. In this paper, we present an algorithm that starts with an operation-minimal form of the computation and systematically explores the possible space-time trade-offs to identify the form with lowest cost that fits within a specified memory limit. Its utility is demonstrated by applying it to a computation representative of a component in the CCSD(T) formulation in the NWChem quantum chemistry suite from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cociorva, D (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0362-1340 J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES JI ACM Sigplan Not. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1145/543552.512551 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 565HJ UT WOS:000176363500017 ER PT J AU Merckel, MC Kajander, T Deacon, AM Thompson, A Grossmann, JG Kalkkinen, N Goldman, A AF Merckel, MC Kajander, T Deacon, AM Thompson, A Grossmann, JG Kalkkinen, N Goldman, A TI 3-Carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from Neurospora crassa: MAD phasing with 80 selenomethionines SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; RESOLUTION; MOTIF AB The structure of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from Neurospora crassa was determined at 3.0 Angstrom resolution. Phase information was derived from a multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) experiment conducted at three wavelengths using crystals of fully substituted selenomethionine protein. However, the structure determination was not routine owing to the relatively poor quality of the diffraction data and the large number of twofolds in the unit cell. Eventually, 80 selenium sites were identified by the combined use of direct methods and real-space map interpretation. This represents one of the largest selenium substructures solved and used for phasing. Some of the difficulties in the structure determination and the methods used to address them are discussed. C1 Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EMBL Grenoble Outstn, F-38024 Grenoble, France. CLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Goldman, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Inst Biotechnol, POB 56, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Kalkkinen, Nisse/B-3923-2010; OI Kajander, Tommi/0000-0002-5094-227X NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1007/S0907444902002652 PN 5 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 546WZ UT WOS:000175300500001 PM 11976482 ER PT J AU Kantardjieff, KA Hochtl, P Segelke, BW Tao, FM Rupp, B AF Kantardjieff, KA Hochtl, P Segelke, BW Tao, FM Rupp, B TI Concanavalin A in a dimeric crystal form: revisiting structural accuracy and molecular flexibility SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; ALPHA-D-MANNOPYRANOSIDE; 2.0 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; X-RAY; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; REFINED STRUCTURE; ORBITAL METHODS; HYDROGEN-BONDS; PLANT DEFENSE AB A structure of native concanavalin A (ConA), a hardy perennial of structural biology, has been determined in a dimeric crystal form at a resolution of 1.56 Angstrom (space group C222(1); unit-cell parameters a=118.70, b=101.38, c=111.97 Angstrom; two molecules in the asymmetric unit). The structure has been refined to an R-free of 0.206 (R=0.178) after iterative model building and phase-bias removal using Shake&wARP. Correspondence between calculated water-tyrosine interactions and experimentally observed structures near the saccharide-binding site suggests that the observed interactions between Tyr12 and water in various crystal forms are to be expected and are not unique to the presence of an active site. The present structure differs from previously reported atomic resolution structures of ConA in several regions and extends insight into the conformational flexibility of this molecule. Furthermore, this third, low-temperature, structure of ConA in a different crystal form, independently refined using powerful model-bias removal techniques, affords the opportunity to revisit assessment of accuracy and precision in high- or atomic resolution protein structures. It is illustrated that several precise structures of the same molecule can differ substantially in local detail and users of crystallographic models are reminded to consider the potential impact when interpreting structures. Suggestions on how to effectively represent ensembles of crystallographic models of a given molecule are provided. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. Calif State Univ Fullerton, WM Keck Fdn Ctr Mol Struct, Fullerton, CA 92834 USA. RP Rupp, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM br@llnl.gov NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0907-4449 EI 1399-0047 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1107/S0907444901019588 PN 5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 546WZ UT WOS:000175300500002 PM 11976483 ER PT J AU Assamagan, KA Coadou, Y AF Assamagan, KA Coadou, Y TI Prospects for the determination of the charged Higgs mass and tan beta with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY; PHYSICS AB The observation of one or several Higgs bosons will be fundamental for the understanding of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism. In the Standard Model (SM), one scalar doublet is responsible for the electroweak symmetry breaking, leading to the prediction of a single Higgs boson. The simplest extension to the SM Higgs sector is the two Higgs doublet model present in many extensions to the SM itself, including supersymmetry. In such models, symmetry breaking leads to five Higgs particles, three neutral and a charged pair. The sensitivity of the ATLAS detector to the discovery of the charged Higgs has been studied in detail. In this paper, we discuss the expected precisions on the charged Higgs mass and tan beta measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. RP Assamagan, KA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B, JAGELLONIAN UNIV, INST PHYSICS PI KRAKOW PA REYMONTA 4, 30-059 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0587-4254 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1360 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 549AY UT WOS:000175423400009 ER PT J AU Yang, PD Yan, HQ Mao, S Russo, R Johnson, J Saykally, R Morris, N Pham, J He, RR Choi, HJ AF Yang, PD Yan, HQ Mao, S Russo, R Johnson, J Saykally, R Morris, N Pham, J He, RR Choi, HJ TI Controlled growth of ZnO nanowires and their optical properties SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CATALYTIC GROWTH; VAPOR TRANSPORT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOTUBES; LASERS; GAIN AB This article surveys recent developments in the rational synthesis of single-crystalline zinc oxide nanowires and their unique optical properties. The growth of ZnO nanowires was carried out in a simple chemical vapor transport and condensation (CVM system. Based on our fundamental understanding of the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) nanowire growth mechanism, different levels of growth controls (including positional, orientational, diameter, and density control) have been achieved. Power-dependent emission has been examined and lasing action was observed in these ZnO nanowires when the excitation intensity exceeds a threshold (similar to40 kW cm(-2)). These short-wavelength nanolasers operate at room temperature and the areal density of these nanolasers on substrate readily reaches 1 X 10(10) cm(-2). The observation of lasing, fabricated mirrors indicates these single-crystalline, well-facetted nanoaction in these nanowire arrays without any wires can function as self-contained optical resonance cavities. This argument is further supported by our recent near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) studies on single nanowires. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Choi, Heon-Jin/G-7450-2012 NR 42 TC 1416 Z9 1457 U1 108 U2 988 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1002/1616-3028(20020517)12:5<323::AID-ADFM323>3.0.CO;2-G PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 558DN UT WOS:000175951100001 ER PT J AU Rockhold, ML Yarwood, RR Niemet, MR Bottomley, PJ Selker, JS AF Rockhold, ML Yarwood, RR Niemet, MR Bottomley, PJ Selker, JS TI Considerations for modeling bacterial-induced changes in hydraulic properties of variably saturated porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE bioremediation; unsaturated porous media; surface tension; fluid-media scaling ID NORMALIZED LOADING CURVES; GOVERNING MULTIPHASE FLOW; BIOLOGICALLY REACTING SOLUTES; QUANTIFYING BIOFILM STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; SIMPLIFIED DESIGN; MASS-TRANSPORT; SAND COLUMNS AB Bacterial-induced changes in the hydraulic properties of porous media are important in a variety of disciplines. Most of the previous research on this topic has focused on liquid-saturated porous media systems that are representative of aquifer sediments. Unsaturated or variably saturated systems such as soils require additional considerations that have not been fully addressed in the literature. This paper reviews some of the earlier studies on bacterial-induced changes in the hydraulic properties of saturated porous media, and discusses characteristics of unsaturated or variably saturated porous media that may be important to consider when modeling such phenomena in these systems. New data are presented from experiments conducted in sand-packed columns with initially steady unsaturated flow conditions that show significant biomass-induced changes in pressure heads and water contents and permeability reduction during growth of a Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rockhold, ML (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Gilmore Hall 116, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 83 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 5 BP 477 EP 495 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00023-4 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00023-4 PG 19 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 563UH UT WOS:000176274000001 ER PT J AU Bench, G Grant, PG Ueda, D Cliff, SS Perry, KD Cahill, TA AF Bench, G Grant, PG Ueda, D Cliff, SS Perry, KD Cahill, TA TI The use of STIM and PESA to measure profiles of aerosol mass and hydrogen content, respectively, across mylar rotating drums impactor samples SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS CONTRAST; UNITED-STATES; PIXE AB A method has been developed for measuring profiles of aerosol mass on thin (480 mug/cm(2)) Apiezon-L coated Mylar films employed in rotating drum aerosol impactor samplers using the ion beam analysis technique scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM). The greased Mylar films are excellent impaction substrates and possess excellent uniformity in projected density, making them an ideal substrate for STIM analysis. The uniformity in projected density of a film enables STIM with a 3 MeV proton beam to produce profiles of aerosol mass with an accuracy of better than 90% and a mass sensitivity approaching 10 mug/cm2. Further, we have extended proton elastic scattering analysis (PESA) to the same films, achieving measurement of an organic surrogate. Although the films contain similar to20 mug/cm(2) hydrogen, the spatial uniformity in film hydrogen content enables PESA with a 3 MeV proton beam to produce profiles of hydrogen arising solely from the aerosols with an accuracy to within +/- 1 mug/cm(2) and a mass sensitivity of similar to 1 mug/cm(2). These measurements when combined with synchrotron-x-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) measurements on the same film allow mass closure, sum of species versus measured mass, a key quality assurance protocol, to be approached. All 3 techniques were applied to very fine and ultra-fine particles collected in Fresno, CA, November, 2000 by slotted DRUM samplers. Temporal resolution in the resulting profiles was less than or equal to 6 h. The dramatic changes in composition versus size and time, and new types of elemental correlations unseen in PM(2.5) filters, will be major assets in correlating aerosols and health impacts, visibility degradation, and the effects of aerosols on climate. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Bench, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bench1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 642 EP 651 DI 10.1080/02786820252883874 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546ME UT WOS:000175277200013 ER PT J AU Mann, L Tolbert, V Cushman, J AF Mann, L Tolbert, V Cushman, J TI Potential environmental effects of corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal with emphasis on soil organic matter and erosion SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE corn; residue; harvest; erosion; soil quality; review ID NO-TILL CORN; CROP RESIDUE; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; SURFACE-RESIDUE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; C-13 ABUNDANCE; YIELD; CARBON; DYNAMICS; ROTATION AB Recent concerns about CO2 emissions and global warming have prompted renewed interest in using corn stover for energy production. Lack of markets, concerns about sustained soil productivity, and lack of commercial conversion technologies have spread harvest of corn residues for this purpose. This paper reviews existing literature to evaluate the major precluded the wide environmental impacts potentially associated with stover harvest from reduced tillage corn production sites. Issues of greatest concern are erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, the latter both for its role in soil quality and yield and for global carbon cycle implications. About half of the literature examined concerned research in the United States, many publications described research activities conducted for decades, and major soil types in corn producing regions were well represented. Regional differences were primarily temperature and rainfall effects on stand establishment and yield, with potential feedback effects on SOC. Several research papers discussing the effects of residue harvest were found, but few field studies were found that explicitly studied the effects of corn stover harvest and most discussions acknowledge potential tradeoffs among beneficial and adverse effects. It was concluded that more information is needed on several topics to determine potential long-term effects of residue harvest, including (1) erosion and water quality, especially pesticides and nitrate, (2) rates of transformation of different forms of SOC, (3) effects on soil biota, and (4) SOC dynamics in the subsoil. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mann, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 91 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 149 EP 166 AR PII S0167-8809(01)00166-9 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00166-9 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 565TG UT WOS:000176385100001 ER PT J AU Ramshaw, JD AF Ramshaw, JD TI Fluid dynamics and energetics in ideal gas mixtures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The generalization of fluid dynamics from pure to multicomponent fluids (fluid mixtures composed of different components or species) requires the introduction of new concepts, some of which are rather subtle and are less widely appreciated than they deserve to be. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple didactic introduction to some of these concepts based on a detailed analysis of the equations governing the flow of ideal gas mixtures. The treatment is based entirely on a continuum description and makes no explicit use of the kinetic theory of gases. We include a straightforward and physically transparent derivation of the additional heat flux arising from the relative motion of the different species, and show why this flux involves species enthalpies rather than energies. Some of the concepts are reminiscent of those used in turbulence modeling, and these analogies are briefly discussed. (C) 2002 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ramshaw, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-097, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 70 IS 5 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1119/1.1463737 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 545FT UT WOS:000175207000011 ER PT J AU Miano, JM Kitchen, CM Chen, JY Maltby, KM Kelly, LA Weiler, H Krahe, R Ashworth, LK Garcia, E AF Miano, JM Kitchen, CM Chen, JY Maltby, KM Kelly, LA Weiler, H Krahe, R Ashworth, LK Garcia, E TI Expression of human smooth muscle calponin in transgenic mice revealed with a bacterial artificial chromosome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE promoter; development; genome ID GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; MOUSE EMBRYOGENESIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CARG ELEMENTS; HUMAN GENOME; SM22 ALPHA; LACZ GENE AB Defining regulatory elements governing cell-restricted gene expression can be difficult because cis-elements may reside tens of kilobases away from start site(s) of transcription. Artificial chromosomes, which harbor hundreds of kilobases of genomic DNA, preserve a large sequence landscape containing most, if not all, regulatory elements controlling the expression of a particular gene. Here, we report on the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) to begin understanding the in vivo regulation of smooth muscle calponin (SM-Calp). Long and accurate polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, and in silico analyses facilitated the complete sequence annotation of a BAC harboring human SM-Calp (hSM-Calp). RNase protection, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays showed the BAC clone faithfully expressed hSM-Calp in both cultured cells and transgenic mice. Moreover, expression of hSM-Calp mirrored that of endogenous mouse SM-Calp suggesting that all cis-regulatory elements governing hSM-Calp expression in vivo were contained within the BAC. These BAC mice represent a new model system in which to systematically assess regulatory elements governing SM-Calp transcription in vivo. C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Blood Ctr SE Wisconsin Inc, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Ohio State Univ, Div Human Canc Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miano, JM (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM Joseph_Miano@urmc.rochester.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-62572] NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 282 IS 5 BP H1793 EP H1803 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00875.2001 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 541XK UT WOS:000175011700028 PM 11959645 ER PT J AU Olivares, JA Stark, PC Jackson, P AF Olivares, JA Stark, PC Jackson, P TI Liquid core waveguide for full imaging of electrophoretic separations SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS AB We employed a liquid core waveguide to image. both DNA electrophoresis separations and isoelectric focusing of proteins. The utility of the system is demonstrated for DNA fragment sizing and protein separations. The system utilizes the liquid-core waveguide as an efficient window for both the excitation of separated samples and the collection of light through total internal reflectance, with an ability to detect target molecules in the zeptomolar range. Scanning the excitation laser along the length of the electrophoresis capillary excites individually separated analyte bands, while the fluorescence is collected end-on by an optical fiber coupled to a photomultiplier, thus, creating an image of the separation along the length of the capillary. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olivares, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2008 EP 2013 DI 10.1021/ac0110808 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547XU UT WOS:000175358800037 PM 12033300 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Yuan, CY Warmack, RJ Barnes, CE Dai, S AF Liang, CD Yuan, CY Warmack, RJ Barnes, CE Dai, S TI Ionic liquids: A new class of sensing materials for detection of organic vapors based on the use of a quartz crystal microbalance SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHLORIDE; SOLVENTS; CONDUCTIVITIES; VISCOSITIES; EXTRACTION; DENSITIES; MIXTURES; COSOLVENTS AB A QCM device employing ionic liquids as the sensing materials for organic vapors has been developed and evaluated. The sensing mechanism is based on the fact that the viscosity of the ionic liquid membrane decreases rapidly due to solubilization of analytes in the ionic liquids. This change in viscosity, which varies with the chemical species of the vapors and the types of ionic liquids, results in a frequency shift of the corresponding quartz crystal. The QCM sensor demonstrated a rapid response (average response time of less than 2 s) to organic vapors with an excellent reversibility because of the fast diffusion of analytes in ionic liquids. Furthermore, the ionic liquids, with zero vapor pressure and stable chemical properties, ensure a long-term shelf life for the sensor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 41 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2172 EP 2176 DI 10.1021/ac011007h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547XU UT WOS:000175358800061 PM 12033323 ER PT J AU Xiao, CB Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ Lovitz, SB King, DW AF Xiao, CB Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ Lovitz, SB King, DW TI Carbon dioxide effects on luminol and 1,10-phenanthroline chemiluminescence SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE CHEMILUMINESCENCE; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE MECHANISM; FLOW-INJECTION METHOD; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ENHANCEMENT; OXIDATION; COBALT(II); COPPER(II); IRON(II); ABSENCE AB Luminol and 1, 10-phenanthroline are widely used chemiluminescent (CL) reagents for the analysis of a wide range of metals and inorganic and organic complexes. While the fundamental mechanism for luminol, and 1,10-phenantholine chemiluminescence is understood, the analytical application of these reagents is largely empirical and often poorly described mechanistically. For example, CL signals observed from metal-luminol systems are strongly dependent on the pH of the sample, even though the final pH of the reaction mixture is controlled to a narrow range by a buffer. Other investigators report significant changes in CL signal due to freshness and the acidity of reagents. Our work shows that many of these effects are due to dissolved CO2 present or formed in the analytical system. The hypothesis that carbon dioxide plays a pivotal role in enhancing luminol CL is supported by direct manipulation Of CO2(aq) concentrations by the addition Of CO2(9) or carbonic anhydrase. In contrasts Cu(II) analysis using the CL reagent 1,10-phenanthroline is completely quenched in the presence Of CO2(aq). A plausible mechanism for these observations involves the reaction between superoxide, produced in these analytical systems, and CO2(aq) to form the peroxycarbonate radical, *CO4-, The formation of CO4- has very important analytical implications since this species appears to enhance or quench the CL signal from luminol and 1,10-phenanthroline, respectively. C1 Colby Coll, Dept Chem, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP King, DW (reprint author), Colby Coll, Dept Chem, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 9 BP 2210 EP 2216 DI 10.1021/ac015714m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 547XU UT WOS:000175358800066 PM 12033328 ER PT J AU Warsa, JS AF Warsa, JS TI Analytical S-N solutions in heterogeneous slabs using symbolic algebra computer programs SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; HIGH-ORDER; DISCRETE; POLYNOMIALS; GEOMETRY AB A modern symbolic algebra computer program, MAPLE, is used to compute solutions to the well-known analytical discrete ordinates, or S-N, solutions in one-dimensional, slab geometry. Symbolic algebra pro.-rams compute the solutions with arbitrary precision and are free of spatial discretization error so they can be used to investigate new discretizations for one-dimensional slab, geometry S-N methods. Pointwise scalar flux solutions are computed for several sample calculations of interest. Sample MAPLE command scripts are provided to illustrate how easily the theory can be translated into a working solution and serve as a complete tool capable of computing analytical S-N solutions for mono-energetic, one-dimensional transport problems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Warsa, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 7 BP 851 EP 874 AR PII S0306-4549(01)00080-9 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00080-9 PG 24 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 523PW UT WOS:000173965000006 ER PT J AU Wilson, KH Wilson, WJ Radosevich, JL DeSantis, TZ Viswanathan, VS Kuczmarski, TA Andersen, GL AF Wilson, KH Wilson, WJ Radosevich, JL DeSantis, TZ Viswanathan, VS Kuczmarski, TA Andersen, GL TI High-density microarray of small-subunit ribosomal DNA probes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA GENE CLONING; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; DATABASE-PROJECT; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY; HYBRIDIZATION; PROPOSAL; DISEASE; RDP AB Ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, originally conceived as a way to provide a universal phylogeny for life forms, has proven useful in many areas of biological research. Some of the most promising applications of this approach are presently limited by the rate at which sequences can be analyzed. As a step toward overcoming this limitation, we have investigated the use of photolithography chip technology to perform sequence analyses on amplified small-subunit rRNA genes. The GeneChip (Affymetrix Corporation) contained 31,179 20-mer oligonucleotides that were complementary to a subalignment of sequences in the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) (B. L. Maidak et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 29:173-174, 2001). The chip and standard Affymetrix software were able to correctly match small-subunit ribosomal DNA amplicons with the corresponding sequences in the RDP database for 15 of 17 bacterial species grown in pure culture. When bacteria collected from an air sample were tested, the method compared favorably with cloning and sequencing amplicons in determining the presence of phylogenetic groups. However, the method could not resolve the individual sequences comprising a complex mixed sample. Given these results and the potential for future enhancement of this technology, it may become widely useful. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 East Ave L-441, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 29 TC 202 Z9 217 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2535 EP 2541 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2535-2541.2002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 548UB UT WOS:000175407300056 PM 11976131 ER PT J AU Saripalli, KP McGrail, BP Girvin, DC AF Saripalli, KP McGrail, BP Girvin, DC TI Adsorption of molybdenum on to anatase from dilute aqueous solutions SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; SURFACE-IONIZATION; MOLYBDATE SORPTION; SOILS; PHOSPHATE; COMPLEXATION; DESORPTION; MODEL; IONS AB Adsorption of Mo on to hydrous TiO2 (anatase) particles was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted at 19 and 90degreesC over a pH range of 22 to 12 and Mo concentrations ranging from approximately 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. The extent of sorption was strongly dependent on PH and surface loading. Maximum sorption was observed in the acidic PH range at low Surface loading. Adsorption behavior was described using the empirical Langmuir adsorption model, A constant capacitance surface complexation model was also used to fit the adsorption isotherms using a ligand exchange reaction for a hydroxyl surface site on anatase. Comparison of experimental data at two different temperatures (19 and 90 degreesC) indicates that Mo sorption in the acidic pH range decreases with increasing temperature, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saripalli, KP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 649 EP 656 AR PII S0883-2927(01)00127-5 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 541ZB UT WOS:000175016100007 ER PT J AU Sae-Lao, B Bajt, SA Montcalm, C Seely, JF AF Sae-Lao, B Bajt, SA Montcalm, C Seely, JF TI Performance of normal-incidence molybdenum-yttrium multilayer-coated diffraction grating at a wavelength of 9 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-INCIDENCE EFFICIENCY; SOFT-X-RAY; REGION; MIRRORS AB The first experimental investigation of a normal-incidence Mo-Y multilayer-coated diffraction grating operating at a 9-nm wavelength is reported. The substrate is a replica of a concave holographic ion-etched blazed grating with 2400 grooves/mm and a 2-m radius of curvature. The measured peak efficiency in the -3 order is 2.7% at a wavelength of 8.79 nm. To our knowledge, this is the highest normal-incidence grating efficiency ever obtained in this wavelength region. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Space Sci Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Sae-Lao, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM saelao@llnl.gov RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 13 BP 2394 EP 2400 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002394 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 547TF UT WOS:000175347500003 PM 12009147 ER PT J AU Ling, XF Xu, YZ Weng, SF Li, WH Zhi, X Hammaker, RM Fateley, WG Wang, F Zhou, XS Soloway, RD Ferraro, JR Wu, JG AF Ling, XF Xu, YZ Weng, SF Li, WH Zhi, X Hammaker, RM Fateley, WG Wang, F Zhou, XS Soloway, RD Ferraro, JR Wu, JG TI Investigation of normal and malignant tissue samples from the human stomach using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy; stomach tissues; identification; normal and malignant AB Fourier transform (FT) Raman studies of 40 tissue samples from the human stomach, including 22 normal and 18 malignant tissue samples, were performed. These stomach tissue samples had been classified as normal or malignant on the basis of pathological studies and biopsy detection. The results indicate that a series of major bands in the FT-Raman spectrum can be used to distinguish the malignant tissue from the normal tissue. Subtraction spectra support the result of the spectroscopic identification. Statistical analysis is also in agreement with the FT-Raman measurements. C1 Peking Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60435 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Div Gastroenterol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Hosp 3, Dept Surg, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Wu, JG (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 5 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.1366/0003702021955330 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 558UT UT WOS:000175985700005 ER PT J AU Wehlburg, CM Haaland, DM Melgaard, DK Martin, LE AF Wehlburg, CM Haaland, DM Melgaard, DK Martin, LE TI New hybrid algorithm for maintaining multivariate quantitative calibrations of a near-infrared spectrometer SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectra; multivariate calibration; prediction-augmented classical least-squares; PACLS; partial least-squares; PLS; CLS/PLS hybrid algorithm; maintenance of calibration; subset recalibration ID INSTRUMENT STANDARDIZATION AB Our newly developed prediction-augmented classical least-squares/partial least-squares (PACLS/PLS) hybrid algorithm can correct for the presence of unmodeled sources of spectral variation such as instrument drift by explicitly incorporating known or empirically derived information about the unmodeled spectral variation. We have tested the ability of the new hybrid algorithm to maintain a multivariate calibration in the presence of instrument drift using a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (7500-11000 cm(-1)) to quantitate dilute aqueous solutions containing glucose, ethanol, and urea. The spectral variations required to update the multivariate models for both short- and long-term drift were obtained using a single representative midpoint sample whose spectrum was repeatedly measured during collection of calibration data and during collection of separate validation sample spectra on three subsequent days. The performance of the PACLS/PLS model for maintaining a calibration was compared to PLS with subset recalibration, a method that has previously been applied to maintenance and transfer of calibration. Without drift corrections, both PACLS/PLS and PLS had poor predictive ability on sample spectra collected on subsequent days. Unlike previous maintenance of calibration studies that corrected for long-term drift only, the PACLS/PLS and PLS models demonstrated the best predictive abilities when short-term drift was also corrected. The PACLS/PLS hybrid model outperformed PLS with subset recalibration for near real-time predictions when instrument drift was determined from the repeat samples closest in time to the measurement of the unknown. Near real-time standard errors of prediction (SEPs) for the hybrid model were comparable to the cross-validated SEPs obtained with the original calibration model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wehlburg, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 5 BP 605 EP 614 DI 10.1366/0003702021955169 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 558UT UT WOS:000175985700011 ER PT J AU Melgaard, DK Haaland, DM Wehlburg, CM AF Melgaard, DK Haaland, DM Wehlburg, CM TI Concentration residual augmented classical least squares (CRACLS): A multivariate calibration method with advantages over partial least squares SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE near-infrared spectra; multivariate calibration; classical least squares; CLS; augmented classical least squares; ACLS; concentration residual augmented classical least squares; partial least squares; PLS; prediction-augmented classical least squares ID FT-IR SPECTRA; QUANTITATIVE INFRARED-ANALYSIS; MULTICOMPONENT SAMPLES; SPECTROSCOPY AB A significant extension to the classical least-squares (CLS) algorithm called concentration residual augmented CLS (CRACLS) has been developed. Previously, unmodeled sources of spectral variation have rendered CLS models ineffective for most types of problems, but with the new CRACLS algorithm, CLS-type models can be applied to a significantly, wider range of applications. This new quantitative multivariate spectral analysis algorithm iteratively augments the calibration matrix of reference concentrations with concentration residuals estimated during CLS prediction. Because these residuals represent linear combinations of the unmodeled spectrally active component concentrations, the effects of these components are removed from the calibration of the analytes of interest. This iterative process allows the development of a CLS-type calibration model comparable in prediction ability to implicit multivariate calibration methods such as partial least squares (PLS) even when unmodeled spectrally active components are present in the calibration sample spectra In addition, CRACLS retains the improved qualitative spectral information of the CLS algorithm relative to PLS. More importantly, CRACLS provides a model compatible with the recently, presented prediction-augmented CLS (PACLS) method. The CRACLS/PACLS combination generates an adaptable model that can achieve excellent prediction ability for samples of unknown composition that contain unmodeled sources of spectral variation. The CRACLS algorithm is demonstrated with both simulated and real data derived from a system of dilute aqueous solutions containing glucose, ethanol, and urea. The simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm and help elucidate the principles behind the method. Using experimental data, we compare the prediction abilities of CRACLS and PLS during cross-validated calibration. In combination with PACLS, the CRACLS predictions are comparable to PLS for the prediction of the glucose, ethanol, and urea components for validation samples collected when significant instrument drift was present. However, the PLS predictions required recalibration using nonstandard cross-validated rotations while CRACLS/PACLS was rapidly updated during prediction without the need for time-consuming cross-validated recalibration. The CRACLS/PACLS algorithm provides a more general approach to removing the detrimental effects of unmodeled components. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Melgaard, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 5 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1366/0003702021955178 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 558UT UT WOS:000175985700012 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Roe, JH Staub, BP Jackson, BP Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Roe, JH Staub, BP Jackson, BP Congdon, JD TI Effects of food ration on survival and sublethal responses of lake chubsuckers (Erimyzon sucetta) exposed to coal combustion wastes SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coal combustion wastes; food ration; selenium; growth; metabolic rate ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CHINOOK SALMON; TOXICITY; SELENIUM; GROWTH; STARVATION; REPRODUCTION; METABOLISM; COPPER; PERCH AB Study organisms in chronic toxicological bioassays are often provided with excessive resources to remove food limitations as a confounding experimental variable. Under more ecologically realistic situations, resources are often less abundant and such restrictions may alter the responses of organisms to environmental contaminants. Here, we investigated the interaction between resource level and sediment toxicity in the lake chubsucker, Erimyzon sucetta, For 78 days we fed fish one of three ration levels (1X, 2X, 4X: uncontaminated food) that was grazed directly from either clean sand or coal ash-contaminated sediments. Despite provision of uncontaminated food, fish exposed to the contaminated sediments accumulated significant whole body concentrations of As, Se, Sr, and V. Food ration affected the pattern of Se accumulation, with lowest concentrations accumulated by fish supplied with the lowest rations (1X). Paradoxically, fish in the 1X-ash treatment were most adversely effected by ash-exposure., despite having Se burdens much lower than fish in the 2X- and 4X-ash treatments. Fish in the 1X-ash treatment exhibited higher mortality, lower proportional growth, and increased incidence of fin erosion compared to fish provided with higher rations. Such results may, in part, be explained by the apparent inability of fish with reduced rations to maintain positive energy balance, as evidenced by their higher standard metabolic rates compared to control fish fed similar rations. Our results underscore the importance of considering resource quantity and nutritional factors in chronic bioassays in order to draw more ecologically realistic conclusions about contaminant effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Towson Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21204 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 191 EP 202 AR PII S0166-445X(01)00208-9 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00208-9 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 534LE UT WOS:000174587200006 PM 11891006 ER PT J AU Jia, Z Forte, TM Bielicki, JK AF Jia, Z Forte, TM Bielicki, JK TI Role of cysteine(Cys)31 and Cys184 in optimizing the anti-inflammatory properties of lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 MA P434 BP A76 EP A76 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 550PP UT WOS:000175511700443 ER PT J AU Oda, MN Voss, JC Forte, TM Ryan, RO AF Oda, MN Voss, JC Forte, TM Ryan, RO TI Examination of apolipoprotein A-I central domain conformation in lipid-free and lipid-bound states SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 MA P189 BP A33 EP A33 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 550PP UT WOS:000175511700208 ER PT J AU Fisk, WJ AF Fisk, WJ TI How IEQ affects health, productivity SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This article, a summary of Fisk,(1,2) estimates the nationwide improvements in health and productivity potentially attainable by providing better indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in U.S. buildings. Estimates include the potential reductions in three categories of health effects, the associated economic benefits, and the potential direct improvements in productivity not mediated through health. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 44 IS 5 BP 56 EP + PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 548TY UT WOS:000175407000019 ER PT J AU Stern, D Tozzi, P Stanford, SA Rosati, P Holden, B Eisenhardt, P Elston, R Wu, KL Connolly, A Spinrad, H Dawson, S Dey, A Chaffee, FH AF Stern, D Tozzi, P Stanford, SA Rosati, P Holden, B Eisenhardt, P Elston, R Wu, KL Connolly, A Spinrad, H Dawson, S Dey, A Chaffee, FH TI Spices II: Optical and near-infrared identifications of faint X-ray sources from deep Chandra observations of Lynx SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; diffuse radiation; galaxies : active; surveys; X-rays ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; REDSHIFT RADIO GALAXIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE SKY SURVEY; N-LOG S; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; BACKGROUND SPECTRUM; ALPHA EMISSION; STANDARD STARS; LOCKMAN FIELD AB We present our first results on field X-ray sources detected in a deep, 184.7 ks observation with the Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS-I) on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The observations target the Lynx field (alpha = 08(h)48(m), delta = + 44degrees 54') of SPICES, the Spectroscopic Photometric Infrared-Chosen Extragalactic Survey, which contains three known X-ray emitting clusters at redshifts of z = 0.57, 1.26, and 1.27. Not including the known clusters, in the 17' x 17' ACIS-I field we detect 132 sources in the 0.5-2 keV ( soft) X-ray band down to a limiting flux of approximate to1.7 x 10(-16) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) and 111 sources in the 2-10 keV (hard) X-ray band down to a limiting flux of approximate to1.3 x 10(-15) ergs cm(-2) s(-1). The combined catalog contains a total of 153 sources, of which 42 are detected only in the soft band and 21 are detected only in the hard band. Confirming previous Chandra results, we find that the fainter sources have harder X-ray spectra, providing a consistent solution to the long-standing spectral paradox. From deep optical and near-infrared follow-up data, 77% of the X-ray sources have optical counterparts to I = 24, and 71% of the X-ray sources have near-infrared counterparts to K-s = 20. Four of the 24 sources in the near-IR field are associated with extremely red objects (EROs; I-K-s greater than or equal to 4). We have obtained spectroscopic redshifts with the Keck telescopes of 18 of the Lynx Chandra sources. These sources comprise a mix of broad-lined active galaxies, apparently normal galaxies, and two late-type Galactic dwarfs. Intriguingly, one Galactic source is identified with an M7 dwarf exhibiting nontransient, hard X-ray emission. Thirteen of the Chandra sources are located within regions for which we have Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Nine of the sources are detected, showing a range of morphologies: several show compact cores embedded within diffuse emission, while others are spatially extended showing typical galaxy morphologies. Two of the Chandra sources in this subsample appear to be associated with mergers. We briefly review non active galactic nucleus mechanisms to produce X-ray emission and discuss properties of the Lynx Chandra sample in relation to other samples of X-ray and non X-ray sources. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Stern, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-327, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 79 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 5 BP 2223 EP 2245 DI 10.1086/339967 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AZ UT WOS:000175311200006 ER PT J AU Kaastra, JS Steenbrugge, KC Raassen, AJJ van der Meer, RLJ Brinkman, AC Liedahl, DA Behar, E de Rosa, A AF Kaastra, JS Steenbrugge, KC Raassen, AJJ van der Meer, RLJ Brinkman, AC Liedahl, DA Behar, E de Rosa, A TI X-ray spectroscopy of NGC 5548 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : NGC 5548; galaxies : Seyfert; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; X-rays : galaxies ID SEYFERT-1 GALAXY NGC-5548; BROAD-LINE REGION; ABSORPTION-LINES; IUE-OBSERVATIONS; VARIABILITY; KINEMATICS; ABSORBER; SPECTRA; SOLAR; DISK AB We analyze the high-resolution X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548, for the full 0.1-10 keV band, using improved calibration results of the Chandra-LETGS instrument. The warm absorber consists of at least three ionization components, with a low, medium and high ionization parameter. The X-ray absorbing material, from an out owing wind, covers the full range of velocity components found from UV absorption lines. The presence of redshifted emission components for the strongest blue-shifted resonance absorption lines indicate that the absorber is located at a distance larger than the edge of the accretion disk. We derive an upper limit to the edge of the accretion disk of 1 light year. Absorption lines from ions of at least ten chemical elements have been detected, and in general there are no strong deviations from solar abundances. The narrow emission lines from the O VII and Ne IX forbidden and intercombination lines probably originate from much larger distances to the black hole. We find evidence for weak relativistically broadened oxygen and nitrogen emission lines from the inner parts of the accretion disk, but at a much smaller flux level than those observed in some other active galactic nuclei. In addition, there is a broad, non-relativistic C VI Lyalpha emission line that is consistent with emission lines from the inner part of the optical/UV broad line region. C1 SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Kaastra, JS (reprint author), SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. OI De Rosa, Alessandra/0000-0001-5668-6863 NR 39 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 386 IS 2 BP 427 EP 445 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20020235 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 543YX UT WOS:000175132400004 ER PT J AU Szapudi, I Frieman, JA Scoccimarro, R Szalay, AS Connolly, AJ Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Meiksin, A Nichol, RC Scranton, R Stebbins, A Vogeley, MS Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Szapudi, I Frieman, JA Scoccimarro, R Szalay, AS Connolly, AJ Dodelson, S Eisenstein, DJ Gunn, JE Johnston, D Kent, S Loveday, J Meiksin, A Nichol, RC Scranton, R Stebbins, A Vogeley, MS Annis, J Bahcall, NA Brinkman, J Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Ivezic, Z Kim, RSJ Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Munn, J Peoples, J Pier, J Rockosi, C Schlegel, D Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG TI Higher order moments of the angular distribution of galaxies from early Sloan Digital Sky Survey data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; EXPERIMENTAL COSMIC STATISTICS; 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; GAUSSIAN INITIAL CONDITIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; CONSTRAINTS; BIAS; APM; SKEWNESS AB We present initial results for counts in cell statistics of the angular distribution of galaxies in early data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We analyze a rectangular stripe 2.degrees5 wide, covering approximately 160 deg(2), containing over 10(6) galaxies in the apparent magnitude range 18 < r' 0 < 22, with areas of bad seeing, contamination from bright stars, ghosts, and high galactic extinction masked out. This survey region, which forms part of the SDSS early data release, is the same as that for which two-point angular clustering statistics have recently been computed. The third and fourth moments of the cell counts, s(3) (skewness) and s(4) (kurtosis), constitute the most accurate measurements to date of these quantities (for r' < 21) over angular scales 0.degrees 015-0.degrees 3. They display the approximate hierarchical scaling expected from nonlinear structure formation models and are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of Lambda-dominated cold dark matter models with galaxy biasing that suppresses higher order correlations at small scales. The results are, in general, consistent with previous measurements in the APM, EDSGC, and Deeprange surveys. These results suggest that the SDSS imaging data are free of systematics to a high degree and will therefore enable determination of the skewness and kurtosis to 1% and less then 10%, as predicted earlier. C1 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 113, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Univ, Sch Sci, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Szapudi, I (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 570 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1086/339574 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AG UT WOS:000175309300006 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Spinrad, H Stern, D Dey, A van Breugel, W de Vries, W Reuland, M AF Dawson, S Spinrad, H Stern, D Dey, A van Breugel, W de Vries, W Reuland, M TI A galactic wind at z=5.190 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; early universe; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : individual (J1236.8+6215); galaxies : starburst ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; LY-ALPHA; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; KECK SPECTROSCOPY; CLUMPY UNIVERSE; REIONIZATION; EVOLUTION AB We report the serendipitous detection in high-resolution optical spectroscopy of a strong, asymmetric Lyalpha emission line at z = 5.190. The detection was made in a 2.25 hr exposure with the Echelle Spectrograph and Imager on the Keck II telescope through a spectroscopic slit of dimensions 1" x 20". The progenitor of the emission line, J123649.2 + 621539 ( hereafter ES1), lies in the Hubble Deep Field North northwest flanking field, where it appears faint and compact, subtending just 0."3 (FWHM) with I-AB = 25.4. The ES1 Lyalpha line flux of 3.0 x 10(-17) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) corresponds to a luminosity of 9.0 x 10(42) ergs s(-1), and the line pro le shows the sharp blue cutoff and broad red wing commonly observed in star-forming systems and expected for radiative transfer in an expanding envelope. We find that the Lyalpha profile is consistent with a galaxy-scale outflow with a velocity of v > 300 km s(-1). This value is consistent with wind speeds observed in powerful local star-bursts (typically 10(2)-10(3) km s(-1)) and compares favorably to simulations of the late-stage evolution of Lyalpha emission in star-forming systems. We discuss the implications of this high-redshift galactic wind for the early history of the evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium and for the origin of the UV background at z > 3. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Mail Code 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 570 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1086/339579 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547AG UT WOS:000175309300008 ER PT J AU Simmonds, PG Greally, BR Olivier, S Nickless, G Cooke, KM Dietz, RN AF Simmonds, PG Greally, BR Olivier, S Nickless, G Cooke, KM Dietz, RN TI The background atmospheric concentrations of cyclic perfluorocarbon tracers determined by negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cyclic perfluorocarbons; perfluoromethylcyclohexanes; tracers; background atmospheric concentrations; NICI-MS ID LEAK LOCATION; FIELD; AIR; SF6; TRENDS; TIME AB The background atmospheric mixing ratios for a range of cyclic perfluorocarbons (cyclic-PFCs), widely used in atmospheric dispersion studies, have been measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in negative ion-chemical ionization mode. Background concentrations range from < 1 fl l(-1) to > 10fl l(-1), where femtolitre is expressed as parts in 10(15) (ppqv). Because of their very long atmospheric lifetimes ( > 3000 yr) the present day concentrations represent the accumulated emissions from all sources, although significant commercial production did not commence until the 1960s. Cyclic-PFCs are potent greenhouse gases; however, their atmospheric concentrations are currently so low as to make an insignificant contribution to global warming. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Sira Inst Ltd, Chislehurst BR7 5EH, Kent, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nickless, G (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 36 IS 13 BP 2147 EP 2156 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00194-2 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00194-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 564GM UT WOS:000176306700006 ER PT J AU Toom-Sauntry, D Barrie, LA AF Toom-Sauntry, D Barrie, LA TI Chemical composition of snowfall in the high Arctic: 1990-1994 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE snow chemistry; Arctic; organic acids; aerosols; tropospheric chemistry; sea salt ID BIOGENIC SULFUR AEROSOL; POLAR SUNRISE; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; ICE; ATMOSPHERE; PATHWAYS; OZONE; CONTAMINANTS AB From 1990 to 1994 at Alert, Nunavut, Canada, weekly snow samples were collected under low wind conditions to avoid contamination by blowing snow. They were analysed for major ions, Br-, and the organic ions methylsulphonate, formate, acetate and propionate. In the Arctic, where annual precipitation is low and blowing snow is common, these observations are unique. On an equivalent weight basis, acids and sea salt in snowfall are mixed approximately equally from December to January but from March to May acids dominate. The acidity of snowfall increases progressively throughout the winter to a May peak, of similar to 16 mueq 1(-1), SO42-, Br-, and the organic acids acetate, and propionate peak in snowfall after polar sunrise indicate the influence of enhanced photochemical reactions. The greater enrichment of halides relative to sea salt Na+ in snow compared to aerosols indicates that gaseous uptake by snowflakes is important in the removal of these substances from the atmosphere and their deposition on to the Earth's surface. There is a marked difference between the seasonal variation of enrichment of Cl- and Br- in snow. The latter show a marked increase after polar sunrise while the former does not. These results provide valuable baseline information on the ionic content of fresh snowfall to be used in understanding the results of snowpack chemistry and post-depositional process studies conducted in the high Arctic. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Toom-Sauntry, D (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. NR 36 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15-16 BP 2683 EP 2693 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00115-2 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00115-2 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 569QU UT WOS:000176614200022 ER PT J AU Band, IM Trzhaskovskaya, MB Nestor, CW Tikkanen, PO Raman, S AF Band, IM Trzhaskovskaya, MB Nestor, CW Tikkanen, PO Raman, S TI Dirac-Fock internal conversion coefficients SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALS AB Internal conversion coefficients (ICCs) obtained from relativistic self-consistent-field Dirac-Fock (DF) calculations are presented. The exchange terms of DF equations are included exactly, both for the interaction between bound electrons and for the interaction between bound and free electrons. Static and dynamic effects resulting from finite nuclear size are taken into account, the latter using the surface current model. Experimental electron-binding energies are used wherever possible. The hole in the atomic shell from which an electron was emitted is not taken into consideration because there is no compelling experimental evidence to warrant it. ICCs are given here for each Z between Z = 10 and Z = 126; for K, L-1, L-2, and L-3 atomic shells; for nuclear-transition multipolarities E1 ... E5, M1 ... M5; and for nuclear-transition energies from similar to1 keV above the L-1 threshold to 2000 keV. Also given are the total ICCs. Accurate (less than or equal to5%) experimental ICCs (K and total) are known for 77 transitions with multipolarities E2, M3, E3, M4, or E5. For these transitions, the theoretical DF values are, on average, about 3% lower than the theoretical relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater (RHFS) values. The DF values are in better agreement with experimental results than the RHFS values. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Band, IM (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. NR 87 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAY-JUL PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 334 DI 10.1006/adnd.2002.0884 PG 334 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 592WR UT WOS:000177960300001 ER PT J AU Parker, LE AF Parker, LE TI Distributed algorithms for multi-robot observation of multiple moving targets SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE distributed robotics; multi-robot teams; target tracking; distributed sensing ID COOPERATION AB An important issue that arises in the automation of many security, surveillance, and reconnaissance tasks is that of observing the movements of targets navigating in a bounded area of interest. A key research issue in these problems is that of sensor placement-determining where sensors should be located to maintain the targets in view. In complex applications involving limited-range sensors, the use of multiple sensors dynamically moving over time is required. In this paper, we investigate the use of a cooperative team of autonomous sensor-based robots for the observation of multiple moving targets. In other research, analytical techniques have been developed for solving this problem in complex geometrical environments. However, these previous approaches are very computationally expensive-at least exponential in the number of robots-and cannot be implemented on robots operating in real-time. Thus, this paper reports on our studies of a simpler problem involving uncluttered environments-those with either no obstacles or with randomly distributed simple convex obstacles. We focus primarily on developing the on-line distributed control strategies that allow the robot team to attempt to minimize the total time in which targets escape observation by some robot team member in the area of interest. This paper first formalizes the problem (which we term CMOMMT for Cooperative Multi-Robot Observation of Multiple Moving Targets) and discusses related work. We then present a distributed heuristic approach (which we call A-CMOMMT) for solving the CMOMMT problem that uses weighted local force vector control. We analyze the effectiveness of the resulting weighted force vector approach by comparing it to three other approaches. We present the results of our experiments in both simulation and on physical robots that demonstrate the superiority of the A-CMOMMT approach for situations in which the ratio of targets to robots is greater than 1/2. Finally, we conclude by proposing that the CMOMMT problem makes an excellent domain for studying multi-robot learning in inherently cooperative tasks. This approach is the first of its kind for solving the on-line cooperative observation problem and implementing it on a physical robot team. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, POB 2008,Mailstop 6355, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ParkerLE@ornl.gov NR 39 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 EI 1573-7527 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 12 IS 3 BP 231 EP 255 DI 10.1023/A:1015256330750 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 543DM UT WOS:000175086000001 ER PT J AU Benos, PV Lapedes, AS Stormo, GD AF Benos, PV Lapedes, AS Stormo, GD TI Is there a code for protein-DNA recognition? Probab(ilistical)ly ... SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEIC-ACID SEQUENCES; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; BINDING-SITES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAMBDA-REPRESSOR; CRO REPRESSOR; MNT REPRESSOR; SELECTION; OPERATOR AB Transcriptional regulation of all genes is initiated by the specific binding of regulatory proteins called transcription factors to specific sites on DNA called promoter regions. Transcription factors employ a variety of mechanisms to recognise their DNA target sites. In the last few decades, attempts have been made to describe these mechanisms by general sets of rules and associated models. We give an overview of these models, starting with a historical review of the somewhat controversial issue of a "recognition code" governing protein-DNA interaction. We then present a probabilistic framework in which advantages and disadvantages of various models can be discussed. Finally, we conclude that simplifying assumptions about additivity of interactions are sufficiently justified in many situations (and can be suitably extended in other situations) to allow a unifying concept of a "probabilistic code", for protein-DNA recognition to be defined. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Los Alamos Natl Labs, Theoert Div, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Stormo, GD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Campus Box 8232, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM stormo@genetics.wustl.edu RI Stormo, Gary/C-5367-2013; OI Stormo, Gary/0000-0001-6896-1850; Benos, Panayiotis/0000-0003-3172-3132 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00249] NR 50 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0265-9247 EI 1521-1878 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 5 BP 466 EP 475 DI 10.1002/bies.10073 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 548PG UT WOS:000175397100010 PM 12001270 ER PT J AU Zavaljevski, N Stevens, FJ Reifman, J AF Zavaljevski, N Stevens, FJ Reifman, J TI Support vector machines with selective kernel scaling for protein classification and identification of key amino acid positions SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT-CHAINS; STRUCTURAL GENOMICS; NEURAL NETWORKS; EXPRESSION DATA; SEQUENCE; MODEL AB Motivation: Data that characterize primary and tertiary structures of proteins are now accumulating at a rapid and accelerating rate and require automated computational tools to extract critical information relating amino acid changes with the spectrum of functionally attributes exhibited by a protein. We propose that immunoglobulin-type beta-domains, which are found in approximate 400 functionally distinct forms in humans alone, provide the immense genetic variation within limited conformational changes that might facilitate the development of new computational tools. As an initial step, we describe here an approach based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) technology to identify amino acid variations that contribute to the functional attribute of pathological self-assembly by some human antibody light chains produced during plasma cell diseases. Results: We demonstrate that SVMs with selective kernel scaling are an effective tool in discriminating between benign and pathologic human immunoglobulin light chains. Initial results compare favorably against manual classification performed by experts and indicate the capability of SVMs to capture the underlying structure of the data. The data set consists of 70 proteins of human antibody kappa1 light chains, each represented by aligned sequences of 120 amino acids. We perform feature selection based on a first-order adaptive scaling algorithm, which confirms the importance of changes in certain amino acid positions and identifies other positions that are key in the characterization of protein function. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM nelaz@ra.anl.gov; fstevens@anl.gov; jaques.reifman@amedd.army.mil FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 43757] NR 30 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.5.689 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 562YP UT WOS:000176226800007 PM 12050065 ER PT J AU Chung, YM Simmons, KL Gutowska, A Jeong, B AF Chung, YM Simmons, KL Gutowska, A Jeong, B TI Sol-gel transition temperature of PLGA-g-PEG aqueous solutions SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; GELATION; ACID) AB Aqueous solutions Of poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers exhibited sol-to-gel transition with increasing temperature. Further increase in temperature makes the system flow and form a sol phase again. Subcutaneous injection of a copolymer aqueous solution (0.5 mL) resulted in a formation of a hydrogel depot by temperature-sensitive sol-to-gel transition in a rat model. The reliable determination and control of sol-to-gel transition temperatures are the most important issues for this kind of sol-gel reversible hydrogel. The sol-to-gel transition temperature determined by the test tube inverting method, falling ball method. and dynamic mechanical analysis coincided within 1-2 degreesC. Fine tuning of the sol-to-gel transition temperature was achieved by varying the ionic strength of the polymer solutions and by mixing two polymer aqueous solutions with different sol-to-gel transition temperatures. The sol-to-gel transition temperature of polymer mixture aqueous solutions was well described by an empirical equation of miscible blends, indicating miscibility of the two polymer systems in water on the molecular level. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jeong, B (reprint author), Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 120750, South Korea. NR 18 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 3 IS 3 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1021/bm0156431 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 552TR UT WOS:000175636600016 PM 12005522 ER PT J AU Mariella, R AF Mariella, R TI MEMS for bio-assays SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE MEMS; dielectrophoresis; PCR; bioinstrumentation ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; DIELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; DNA-POLYMERASE; PROVIRAL DNA; STEM-CELLS; PCR; PARTICLES; HIV-1 AB The recent advances in microelectromechanical-systems-(MEMS-)based instrumentation offer the miniaturization and automation of procedures that are currently performed in laboratory settings by highly trained personnel. Although it is true that biomedically-oriented MEMS-based instrumentation (bio-MEMS instrumentation) can only function when the necessary biology and biochemistry have been established for the assays being performed, the instrumentation is also influencing the biological and biochemical processes that constitute the assays. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mariella, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 77 EP 87 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588HU UT WOS:000177696700001 ER PT J AU Metzger, MF Wilson, TS Schumann, D Matthews, DL Maitland, DJ AF Metzger, MF Wilson, TS Schumann, D Matthews, DL Maitland, DJ TI Mechanical properties of mechanical actuator for treating ischemic stroke SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE shape memory polymer; stroke treatment; microactuator ID SHAPE-MEMORY BEHAVIOR; POLYETHER-BASED POLYURETHANES; COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS AB In this paper a novel shape memory polymer (SMP) microactuator for treating ischemic stroke is introduced. This device provides a new treatment modality that could enable significant improvements in therapeutic stroke outcomes, ultimately improving mortality rates and decreasing morbidity, thereby reducing the cost of rehabilitation and improving the quality of life. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) to define the thermo-mechanical behavior of SMP, we provide useful information about the polymer structure, conditions for device actuation, and an estimate of the recovery forces the device is capable of delivering during the transition between it's straight and coiled shape. In addition, experimental determination of the maximum amount of pressure and force against which the microactuator coil can hold a clot is reported. The results of these tests establish that the device can successfully hold a clot against forces and pressures well above those expected in physiological systems for clot extraction, rendering it as an exciting new technology for treating ischemic stroke. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maitland, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 32 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1014674912979 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588HU UT WOS:000177696700002 ER PT J AU Strong, ZA Wang, AW McConaghy, CF AF Strong, ZA Wang, AW McConaghy, CF TI Hydrogel-actuated capacitive transducer for wireless biosensors SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE wireless biosensor; biosensing techniques; biomedical monitoring; capacitive pressure sensor; hydrogel; NiTi diaphragm ID PRESSURE; SENSOR; SYSTEM; GELS AB This article introduces a new type of transducer that combines capacitive pressure sensing techniques with biosensitive hydrogels, using an adaptable MEMS fabrication platform. Hydrogel swelling in response to analyte concentration exerts contact pressure on a deformable conducting diaphragm, producing a capacitance change. Initial results are reported for testing device feasibility. Uncrosslinked PHEMA hydrogel was tested for swelling pressure in response to calcium nitrate tetrahydrate. Diaphragm deflection due to applied air pressure was measured on NiTi-based diaphragms and compared with hydrogel-actuated deflections of the same diaphragms to determine the pressure generating characteristics of the hydrogel. The PHEMA sample exhibited greatest sensitivity in the concentration range 0-0.5 M, generating an average of 110mN/M/mul. The device was incorporated into a passive LC resonant circuit. Resonance frequency was measured as a function of applied air pressure, in the range of pressures generated by hydrogel swelling. Resonance frequency shifted from 66 MHz to 33 MHz over the pressure range 0-32 kPa, corresponding to an estimated average sensitivity of 66 Hz per mumol of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate over the range 0-0.5 M. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 EI 1572-8781 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 588HU UT WOS:000177696700003 ER PT J AU O'Neill, H Angley, CV Hemery, I Evans, BR Dai, S Woodward, J AF O'Neill, H Angley, CV Hemery, I Evans, BR Dai, S Woodward, J TI Properties of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes immobilized in sol-gel beads: stabilization of invertase and beta-glucosidase by Blue Dextran SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Blue Dextran; enzyme; glutaraldehyde; immobilization; sol-gel ID ARCHAEON PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; SILICA-GELS; DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; STABILITY; ENCAPSULATION; OXIDASES; GLASSES AB When immobilized in sol-gels, invertase (beta-fructofuranosidase) from Candida utilis and beta-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus had activity recovery values of 30 and 28%, respectively. However, if Blue Dextran (0.04%) was included in the immobilization-reaction mixture, the respective recovery values increased to 63 and 52%. Glucose dehydrogenase from Thermoplasma acidophilum immobilized by the same method lost most of its activity and Blue Dextran had no effect on the recovery of activity during the immobilization procedure. The immobilized enzymes required treatment with glutaraldehyde in order to maintain their activity within the sol-gel matrix during continuous reaction with their respective substrates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM oneillhm@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 EI 1573-6776 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 10 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1023/A:1015572020633 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 552RU UT WOS:000175634500007 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Tucker, MP Nguyen, QA AF Kim, KH Tucker, MP Nguyen, QA TI Effects of pressing lignocellulosic biomass on sugar yield in two-stage dilute-acid hydrolysis process SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PRETREATMENT AB Dilute sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis of biomass such as wood chips often involves pressing the wood particles in a dewatering step (e.g., after acid impregnation) or in compression screw feeders commonly used in continuous hydrolysis reactors. This study addresses the effects of pressing biomass feedstocks using a hydraulic press on soluble sugar yield obtained from two-stage dilute-acid hydrolysis of softwood. The pressed acid-impregnated feedstock gave significantly lower soluble sugar yields than the never-pressed (i.e., partially air-dried or filtered) feedstock. Pressing acid-impregnated feedstocks before pretreatment resulted in a soluble hemicellulosic sugar yield of 76.9% from first-stage hydrolysis and a soluble glucose yield of 33.7% from second-stage hydrolysis. The dilute-acid hydrolysis of partially air-dried feedstocks having total solids and acid concentrations similar to those of pressed feedstocks gave yields of 87.0% hemicellulosic sugar and 46.9% glucose in the first and second stages, respectively. Microscopic examination of wood structures showed that pressing acid-impregnated wood chips from 34 to 54% total solids (TS) did not cause the wood structure to collapse. However, pressing first-stage pretreated wood chips (i.e., feedstock for second-stage hydrolysis) from approximately 30 to 43% TS caused the porous wood matrix to almost completely collapse. It is hypothesized that pressing alters the wood structure and distribution of acid within the cell cavities, leading to uneven heat and mass transfer during pretreatment using direct steam injection. Consequently, lower hydrolysis yield of soluble sugars results. Dewatering of corn stover by pressing did not impact negatively on the sugar yield from single-stage dilute-acid pretreatment. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nguyen, QA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biotechnol Fuels & Chem Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kim, Kyoung Heon/F-1059-2013 OI Kim, Kyoung Heon/0000-0003-4600-8668 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 489 EP 494 DI 10.1021/bp025503i PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 562BV UT WOS:000176178300013 PM 12052064 ER PT J AU Stewart, JQ Whiteman, CD Steenburgh, WJ Bian, XD AF Stewart, JQ Whiteman, CD Steenburgh, WJ Bian, XD TI A climatological study of thermally driven wind systems of the US Intermountain West SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This paper investigates the diurnal evolution of thermally driven. plain-mountain winds, up- and down-valley winds, up- and downslope winds, and land-lake breezes for summer fair weather conditions in four regions of the Intermountain West where dense wind networks have been operated. Because of the diverse topography in these regions, the results are expected to be broadly representative of thermally driven wind climates in the Intermountain West. The regions include the Wasatch Front Valleys of northern Utah, the Snake River Plain of Idaho, the southern Nevada basin and range province, and central Arizona. The analysis examines wind characteristics, including the regularity of the winds and interactions of the four types of thermally driven winds, using meteorological data from the University of Utah's MesoWest network. In general, on fair weather days, winds in all four regions exhibit a consistent direction from day to day at a given hour. A measure of this wind consistency is defined. The nighttime hours exhibit a generally higher consistency than the daytime hours. Lower consistency during the day-night and night-day transition periods reflects day-to-day variations in the timing of wind system reversals. Thermally driven circulations are similar in the four regions, but the Wasatch Front Valleys are influenced by lake breezes from the adjacent Great Salt Lake, the Snake River Plain is influenced by along-plain circulations and localized outflow from the Central Idaho Mountains, and winds in both southern. C1 NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stewart, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, R-FS3,325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Stewart, Jebb/D-3700-2015 OI Stewart, Jebb/0000-0001-7390-8675 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 83 IS 5 BP 699 EP + DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0699:ACSOTD>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554UH UT WOS:000175755200032 ER PT J AU Rymer, MJ Seitz, GG Weaver, KD Orgil, A Faneros, G Hamilton, JC Goetz, C AF Rymer, MJ Seitz, GG Weaver, KD Orgil, A Faneros, G Hamilton, JC Goetz, C TI Geologic and paleoseismic study of the Lavic Lake fault at Lavic Lake playa, Mojave Desert, southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID EASTERN CALIFORNIA; SHEAR ZONE; STRAIN ACCUMULATION; SLIP RATE; EARTHQUAKES; VALLEY; KINEMATICS; OWENS AB Paleoseismic investigations of the Lavic Lake fault at Lavic Lake playa place constraints on the timing of a possible earlier earthquake along the 1999 Hector Mine rupture trace and reveal evidence of the timing of the penultimate earthquake on a strand of the Lavic Lake fault that did not rupture in 1999. Three of our four trenches, trenches A, B, and C, were excavated across the 1999 Hector Mine rupture; a fourth trench, D, was excavated across a vegetation lineament that had only minor slip at its southern end in 1999. Trenches A-C exposed strata that are broken only by the 1999 rupture; trench D exposed horizontal bedding that is locally warped and offset by faults. Stratigraphic evidence for the timing of an earlier earthquake along the 1999 rupture across Lavic Lake playa was not exposed. Thus, an earlier event, if there was one along that rupture trace, predates the lowest stratigraphic level exposed in our trenches. Radiocarbon dating of strata near the bottom of trenches constrains a possible earlier event to some time earlier than about 4950 B.C. Buried faults revealed in trench D are below a vegetation lineament at the ground surface. A depositional contact about 80 cm below the ground surface acts as the upward termination of fault breaks in trench D. Thus, this contact may be the event horizon for a surface-rupturing earthquake prior to 1999-the penultimate earthquake on the Lavic Lake fault. Radiocarbon ages of detrital charcoal samples from immediately below the event horizon indicate that the earthquake associated with the faulting occurred later than A.D. 260. An approximately 1300-year age difference between two samples at about the same stratigraphic level below the event horizon suggests the potential for a long residence time of detrital charcoal in the area. Coupled with a lack of bioturbation that could introduce young organic material into the stratigraphic section, the charcoal ages provide only a maximum bounding age; thus, the recognized event may be younger. There is abundant, subtle evidence for pre-1999 activity of the Lavic Lake fault in the playa area, even though the fault was not mapped near the playa prior to the Hector Mine earthquake. The most notable indicators for long-term presence of the fault are pronounced, persistent vegetation lineaments and uplifted basalt exposures. Primary and secondary slip occurred in 1999 on two southern vegetation lineaments, and minor slip locally formed on a northern lineament; trench exposures across the northern vegetation lineament revealed the post-A.D. 260 earthquake, and a geomorphic trough extends northward into alluvial fan deposits in line with this lineament. The presence of two basalt exposures in Lavic Lake playa indicates the presence of persistent compressional steps and uplift along the fault. Fault-line scarps are additional geomorphic markers of repeated slip events in basalt exposures. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. William Lettis & Associates Inc, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. URS Corp, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA. RP Rymer, MJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1577 EP 1591 DI 10.1785/0120000936 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 576QN UT WOS:000177016500033 ER PT J AU Weber, PK Hutcheon, ID McKeegan, KD Ingram, BL AF Weber, PK Hutcheon, ID McKeegan, KD Ingram, BL TI Otolith sulfur isotope method to reconstruct salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) life history (vol 59, pg 587, 2002) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 59 IS 5 BP 923 EP 923 DI 10.1139/F02-901 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 583FC UT WOS:000177395100017 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Wang, X Zhou, XY Chen, DJ Li, GC Iliakis, G Wang, Y AF Wang, HY Wang, X Zhou, XY Chen, DJ Li, GC Iliakis, G Wang, Y TI Ku affects the ataxia and rad 3-related/CHK1-dependent S phase checkpoint response after camptothecin treatment SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DNA-DAMAGE CHECKPOINT; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; TOPOISOMERASE-I; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; STRAND BREAKS; TREATED CELLS; HUMAN CHK1; REPLICATION; ATR; MICE AB Camptothecin (CPT) that targets DNA topoisomerase I is one of the most promising broad-spectrum anticancer drugs in development today. The cytotoxicity of CPT is S phase (S)-specific because the collision of advancing replication forks with CPT-topoisomerase I-DNA complexes results in DNA damage. After DNA damage, proliferating cells could actively slow down the DNA replication through an S checkpoint to provide time for repair. We report now that there is an activated S checkpoint response in CPT-treated mammalian cells. This response is regulated by Ataxia and Rad3-related (ATR)/CHK1 pathway. Compared with their wild-type counterparts, CPT-treated Ku80(-/-) cells showed stronger inhibition of DNA replication. This stronger inhibition had no relationship with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity but correlated with the higher activities of ATR and the higher activities of CHK1 in such cells. Not only caffeine, the nonspecific inhibitor of ATR, or UCN-01, the nonspecific inhibitor of CHK1, but also the specific CHK1 antisense oligonucleotide abolished the stronger inhibition of DNA replication in CPT-treated Ku80(-/-) cells. These results in aggregate indicated that the stronger S checkpoint in CPT-treated Ku80(-/-) cells is regulated through the highly activated ATR/CHK1 pathway. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Sch Med, Inst Med Radiat Biol, D-45122 Essen, Germany. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Kimmel Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Thompson Bldg,B13,1020 Sansom St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA56036, CA76203, CA 50519, T32-CA09137]; NIA NIH HHS [AG 18949] NR 36 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 9 BP 2483 EP 2487 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 546GG UT WOS:000175265000007 PM 11980637 ER PT J AU Xiang, RH Davalos, AR Hensel, CH Zhou, XJ Tse, C Naylor, SL AF Xiang, RH Davalos, AR Hensel, CH Zhou, XJ Tse, C Naylor, SL TI Semaphorin 3F gene from human 3p21.3 suppresses tumor formation in nude mice SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 3P21.3; LUNG-CANCER; CELL-LINES; HOMOZYGOUS DELETION; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; CONE GUIDANCE; APOPTOSIS; EXPRESSION; REGION AB Loss of heterozygosity on human chromosome 3p21.3 is a frequent occurrence in many tumor types. In a previous study, our laboratory demonstrated that an 80-kb P1 clone from chromosome 3 suppresses the tumorigenicity of the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line A9. Two cDNAs corresponding to genes encoded on this PI clone, semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) and N23, were tested for their effects on in vitro and in vivo growth characteristics after transfection into mouse A9 cells. Transfection of SEMA3F cDNA resulted in complete loss of tumorigenicity in nude mice, whereas transfection of N23 had no effect. Moreover, SEMA3F also functioned to block apoptosis of transfected A9 cells treated with Taxol or Adriamycin. The human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line HEY showed a similar result as A9 cells, but the small cell lung cancer line GLC45 was unaffected by expression of SEMA3F. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Myriad Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Nanjing Univ, Jinling Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Nanjing 210002, Peoples R China. Sagres Discovery, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Naylor, SL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA54174, CA56626]; NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00470] NR 42 TC 102 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 9 BP 2637 EP 2643 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 546GG UT WOS:000175265000031 PM 11980661 ER PT J AU Halas, S Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ AF Halas, S Durakiewicz, T Joyce, JJ TI Surface energy calculation - metals with 1 and 2 delocalized electrons per atom SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED-JELLIUM MODEL; TRANSITION-METALS; WORK-FUNCTIONS; IDEAL METALS; DENSITY; APPROXIMATION AB In this paper we calculate surface energy (SE) of monovalent, divalent and some trivalent metals. For these metals for which SE can be solely expressed by dimensionless Wigner-Seitz density parameter, r(s), of delocalized electrons: SE = C(1)r(s)(-5) + C2r(s)(-3.5) - C(3)r(s)(-4), where constants C-1, C-2 and C-3 have been calculated on the basis of Sommerfeld's free electron and surface plasma models. Excellent agreement with experimental data was obtained. On the basis of our model SE values for Fr and Ra have been predicted as well. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 4 Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Vacuum Technol, PL-00241 Warsaw, Poland. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Mass Spectrometry Lab, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. RP Durakiewicz, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 4 Grp, Mailstop K 764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 278 IS 2-3 BP 111 EP 117 AR PII S0301-0104(02)00379-8 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(02)00379-8 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 555KD UT WOS:000175792500005 ER PT J AU Brunschwig, BS Creutz, C Sutin, N AF Brunschwig, BS Creutz, C Sutin, N TI Optical transitions of symmetrical mixed-valence systems in the Class II-III transition regime SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID M = FE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CHARGE-TRANSFER; INTERVALENCE TRANSFER; RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; COUPLING ELEMENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; LIGAND; SURFACES AB In the Robin and Day classification, mixed-valence systems are characterized as Class I, II or III depending on the strength of the electronic interaction between the oxidized and reduced sites, ranging from essentially zero (Class I), to moderate (Class II). to very strong electronic coupling (Class III). The properties of Class I systems are essentially those of the separate sites. Class II systems possess new optical and electronic properties in addition to those of the separate sites. However, the interaction between the sites is sufficiently weak that Class II systems are valence trapped or charge localized and can the be described by a double-well potential. In Class III systems the interaction of the donor and acceptor sites is so great that two separate minima are no longer discernible and the energy surface features a single minimum. The electron is delocalized and the system has its own unique properties. The Robin and Day classification has enjoyed considerable success and most of the redox systems studied to date are readily assigned to Class II. However the situation becomes much more complicated when the system shows borderline Class II/III behavior. Such "almost delocalized" mixed-valence systems are difficult to characterize. In this article spectral band shapes and intensities are calculated utilizing increasingly complex models including two to four states. Free-energy surfaces are constructed for harmonic diabatic surfaces and characterized as a function of increasing electronic coupling to simulate the Class II to III transition. The properties of the charge-transfer absorption bands predicted for borderline mixed-valence systems are compared with experimental data. The treatment is restricted to symmetrical (DeltaG(0)=0) systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brunschwig, BS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 37 TC 520 Z9 521 U1 9 U2 101 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 168 EP 184 DI 10.1039/b008034i PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 556ND UT WOS:000175855100004 PM 12122642 ER PT J AU Gregory, DH O'Meara, PM Gordon, AG Hodges, JP Short, S Jorgensen, JD AF Gregory, DH O'Meara, PM Gordon, AG Hodges, JP Short, S Jorgensen, JD TI Structure of lithium nitride and transition-metal-doped derivatives, Li3-x-yMxN (M = Ni, Cu): A powder neutron diffraction study SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANODE MATERIAL; CHEMISTRY; LI3-XCOXN; LI3N; STATE AB Structures of lithium nitride (alpha-Li3N) and ternary nitridometalates Li3-x-yMxN (M = Ni, Cu) have been refined from time-of-flight powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The parent binary nitride was synthesized by reaction of lithium metal with nitrogen using liquid sodium as a solvent. The ternary nitrides were prepared by reaction of Li3N with the respective transition metals under nitrogen. Refined data confirm the hexagonal structure previously reported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for lithium nitride (P6/mmm, a = 3.6576(1) Angstrom, c = 3.8735 (1) Angstrom, Z = 1) and show that the alpha-Li3N phase contains close to 3% Li vacancies at room temperature. The substituted nitridometalates, Li1.36Ni0.79N and Li2.21Cu0.40N, both form structures analogous to alpha-Li3N (P6/mmm, a = 3.7697(1) Angstrom, c = 3.5270(1) Angstrom and a = 3.6791(1) Angstrom, c = 3.7725(1) Angstrom, respectively) in which the transition metal is disordered with Li between [Li2-yN] planes and Li vacancies are disordered within these planes. The nickel and copper nitrides contain 43% (y = 0.85) and 16% (y = 0.32) Li vacancies, respectively, within the [Li2N] planes and consequently contain transition metals predominantly in the +2 oxidation state. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gregory, DH (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM Duncan.Gregory@Nottingham.ac.uk RI Gregory, Duncan/A-5489-2008; Hodges, Jason/K-1421-2013 OI Gregory, Duncan/0000-0002-4585-3280; NR 41 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2063 EP 2070 AR UNSP CM010718T DI 10.1021/cm010718t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555JC UT WOS:000175790100023 ER PT J AU Parak, WJ Gerion, D Zanchet, D Woerz, AS Pellegrino, T Micheel, C Williams, SC Seitz, M Bruehl, RE Bryant, Z Bustamante, C Bertozzi, CR Alivisatos, AP AF Parak, WJ Gerion, D Zanchet, D Woerz, AS Pellegrino, T Micheel, C Williams, SC Seitz, M Bruehl, RE Bryant, Z Bustamante, C Bertozzi, CR Alivisatos, AP TI Conjugation of DNA to silanized colloidal semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dots SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; SILICA; ADSORPTION AB Water-soluble, highly fluorescent, silanized semiconductor nanocrystals with different surface charges were synthesized. To covalently attach the nanocrystals to biological macromolecules with a variety of mild coupling chemistries, the outermost siloxane shells were derivatized with thiol, amino, or carboxyl functional groups. Single- or double-stranded DNA was coupled to the nanocrystal surfaces by using commercially available bifunctional cross-linker. Conjugation had little effect on the optical properties of the nanocrystals, and the resulting conjugates were more stable than previously reported systems. By using the strategies developed in this study, most biomolecules can be covalently coupled to semiconductor nanocrystals. These nanocrystal-DNA conjugates promise to be a versatile tool for fluorescence imaging and probing of biological systems. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Angew Phys, Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Pellegrino, teresa/G-6417-2010; Zanchet, Daniela/D-6566-2012; Parak, Wolfgang J./M-3998-2014; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; OI Zanchet, Daniela/0000-0003-1475-2548; Parak, Wolfgang J./0000-0003-1672-6650; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Micheel, Christine/0000-0002-7744-9039 NR 20 TC 254 Z9 263 U1 3 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2113 EP 2119 DI 10.1021/cm0107878 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555JC UT WOS:000175790100030 ER PT J AU Song, XD Wang, HL Shi, J Park, JW Swanson, BI AF Song, XD Wang, HL Shi, J Park, JW Swanson, BI TI Conjugated polymers as efficient fluorescence quenchers and their applications for bioassays SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COLORIMETRIC DETECTION; CHEMICAL SENSORS; RECOGNITION; VESICLES; COLOR AB We have developed a novel approach for simple and convenient detection of ligand-receptor interactions with high sensitivity and selectivity. The method harnesses a reversible fluorescence quenching between nonfluorescent polyelectrolyte quenchers and fluorescent probes tagged to ligands. Formation of more strongly bound ligand-receptor complexes forces the breakup of nonspecific, electrostatic interaction-based quencher/probe pairs to reverse the fluorescence quenching, triggering a fluorescence increase, and providing an off-to-on detection of the ligand/receptor interaction. Although a conjugated polyelectrolyte was used in the study, other nonconjugated polyelectrolyte quenchers are expected to work as well. The method should potentially find a wide variety of applications in several areas, ranging from drug screening, medical diagnostics, and biosensing to assay development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chungju Natl Univ, Dept Polymer Engn, Chungju 380702, South Korea. RP Song, XD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2342 EP 2347 DI 10.1021/cm011681f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 555JC UT WOS:000175790100060 ER PT J AU Lambert, SJ Sheng, J Boyle, J AF Lambert, SJ Sheng, J Boyle, J TI Winter cyclone frequencies in thirteen models participating in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP1) SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; REANALYSIS; VARIABILITY; TRACKS AB Various aspects of the simulated behaviour of cyclones in thirteen models participating in the AMIPI exercise are presented. In the simulation of the winter climatological mean sea level pressure field for the Northern Hemisphere, the models produce reasonable simulations of the "semi-perinanent" features of the climatology. The greatest departures from the observed climatology occur near the exit regions of the oceanic storm tracks i.e., over northwestern North America, over and to the west of the British Isles and in the Mediterranean. The departures in the three geographical areas are very systematic in that at least eleven of the models exhibit similar departures from observations. In the Southern Hemisphere the intensity of the circumpolar trough is generally well Simulated but positioned slightly too far north. Most models exhibit errors south of Africa, New Zealand, and South America. The simulations of the cyclone events show that the models are reasonably successful in reproducing the large-scale aspects of observed cyclone events but deficiencies in the details of the simulations are apparent. The paucity of simulated events to the south of the Alps and to the east of the Rockies suggests that the models have difficulty simulating lee cyclogenesis. Over much of North America, the models have difficulty simulating the correct level of synoptic activity as demonstrated by the low numbers of both cyclone events and anticyclone events. The models have difficulty simulating the distribution of cyclone events as a function of central pressure. The most common problem is that the models exhibit an ever increasing deficit of events with decreasing central pressure. This problem is more apparent in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere and does not appear to be resolution dependent. There is an apparent ENSO signal in the observed Northern Hemisphere interannual variability of intense winter cyclone events. With the exception of ECMWF, the models fail to reproduce this phenomenon. There is some evidence that the models do indeed respond to the interannual variability in the SSTs, but the response tends to be negatively correlated with that of the real atmosphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, there does not appear to be ENSO-induced interannual variability in the observed numbers of cyclone events. Consequently, it could be argued that the models have been reasonably successful in the Southern Hemisphere since the,,. like the observations, do not exhibit any ENSO-induced interannual variability. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lambert, SJ (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s00382-001-0206-8 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 558AH UT WOS:000175941500001 ER PT J AU Liem, LK Choong, LHL Woo, KT AF Liem, LK Choong, LHL Woo, KT TI Porous graphitic carbon shows promise for the rapid screening partial DPD deficiency in lymphocyte dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in Chinese, Indian and Malay in Singapore by using semi-automated HPLC-radioassay SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; enzymes; 5-Fluorouracil (5FUra); 5-[2-C-14]Fluorouracil (5-[2(14)C]FUra) 5-[2-C-14]Fluoro-5; 6-dihydrouracil (5-[2-C-14]FUraH(2)); porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column (Hypercarb(R)); HPLC; NanoOrange(R) Protein Quantitation ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CANCER-PATIENTS; 5-FLUOROURACIL; TOXICITY; PERFORMANCE; COLUMNS; PLASMA AB Objective: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) catalyzes the degradation of thymine, uracil, and the chemotherapeutic drug 5-Fluorouracil. In general reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography is the standard method for separating 5-[2-C-14]Fluorouracil and 5-[2-C-14]Fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil. However. the use of 100% aqueous solution (as HPLC mobile phase) may collapse the C-18 bonded phase and result in a retention time shift. The aim of this study is to develop a rapid. reproducible. sensitive method for screening partial DPD deficiency in healthy volunteers. Design and methods: The activity of DPD was measured using 5-[2-C-14]Fluorouracil (5-[2-C-14]FUra) followed by separation of substrate and product 5-[2-C-14]FUraH(2) with a 15 x 4.6 mm I.D.. 5 mum particle size (d(p)) porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column (Hypercarb(R)) and HPLC with online detection of the radioactivity. This was standardized using the protein concentration of the cytosol (NanoOrange(R) Protein Quantitation). Results: Complete baseline separation of 5-[2-C-14]Fluorouracil (5-[2-C-14]FUra) and 5-[2-C-14]Fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil (5-[2-C-14]FUraH(2)) was achieved using a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column. The detection limit for 5-[2-C-14]FUraH(2), was 0.4 pmol. Conclusions: By using linear gradient separation (0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid {TFA} in water to 100%, Methanol) protocols in concert with PGC columns (Hypercarb R) we have demonstrated that a PGC column has a distinct advantage over C-18 reverse phase columns in terms of column stability (pH 1-14). This method provides an improvement on the specific assay for DPD enzyme activity. It is rapid, reproducible and sensitive and can be used for routine screening for healthy and cancer patients for partial and profound DPD deficiency before treatment with 5- FUra. (C) 2002 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Renal Med, Singapore, Singapore. RP Liem, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 181 EP 187 AR PII S0009-9120(02)00303-X DI 10.1016/S0009-9120(02)00303-X PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 567PB UT WOS:000176492200004 PM 12074825 ER PT J AU Curran, HJ Gaffuri, P Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Curran, HJ Gaffuri, P Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK TI A comprehensive modeling study of iso-octane oxidation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; GAS-PHASE OXIDATION; N-HEPTANE; HIGH-PRESSURE; KINETIC DATA; PEROXY-RADICALS; FLOW REACTOR; COMBUSTION; ISOOCTANE; CHEMISTRY AB A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed and used to study the oxidation of iso-octane in a jet-stirred reactor, flow reactors, shock tube,, and in a motored engine. Over the series of experiments investigated, the initial pressure ranged from 1 to 45 atm. the temperature from 550 K to 1700 K. the equivalence ratio from 0.3 to 1.5. with nitrogen-argon dilution from 70% to 99%. This range of physical conditions, together with the measurements of ignition delay time and concentrations, provide a broad-ranging test of the chemical kinetic mechanism. This mechanism was based on our precious modeling of alkane combustion and, in particular, on our study of the oxidation of n-heptane. Experimental results of ignition behind reflected shock waves were used to develop and validate the predictive capability of the reaction mechanism at both low and high temperatures. Moreover, species' concentrations from flow reactors and a jet-stirred reactor Acre used to help complement and refine the low and intermediate temperature portions of the reaction mechanism, leading to good predictions of intermediate products in most cases. In addition. a sensitivity analysis was performed for each of the combustion environments in an attempt to identify the most important reactions under the relevant conditions of study. (C) 2002 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Curran, HJ (reprint author), Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dublin Rd, Galway, Ireland. OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 85 TC 576 Z9 606 U1 11 U2 100 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 253 EP 280 AR PII 0010-2180(01)00373-X DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00373-X PG 28 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 554KN UT WOS:000175734700003 ER PT J AU Zhu, XL Gore, JP Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS AF Zhu, XL Gore, JP Karpetis, AN Barlow, RS TI The effects of self-absorption of radiation on an opposed flow partially premixed flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil MS 9051, Reacting Flow Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gore, JP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Maurice J Zucrow Labs, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 342 EP 345 AR PII S0010-2180(02)00341-3 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00341-3 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 554KN UT WOS:000175734700008 ER PT J AU Hewson, JC Kerstein, AR AF Hewson, JC Kerstein, AR TI Local extinction and reignition in nonpremixed turbulent CO/H-2/N-2 jet flames SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turbulent-jet diffusion flames; one-dimensional turbulence; extinction; reignition; syngas flames ID CONDITIONAL MOMENT CLOSURE; ONE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION FLAMES; MODEL FORMULATION; TRIPLE FLAME; COMBUSTION; PROPAGATION; FLOWS AB In practical combustors, high-intensity mixing is often desirable in order to minimize combustor volume and also minimize the production of certain pollutants. However, high-intensity mixing may also lead to local quenching and, potentially, a failure to stabilize the flame. Two crucial issues are what fraction of the reactive mixture is quenched and how rapidly these regions reignite. To address this question over a range of conditions at relatively high Reynolds numbers, the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model is adopted. Results are reported for a piloted planar temporal CO/H-2/N-2 jet flame configuration at a nozzle Reynolds number of 15,000 and three global mixing rates, U-0/d(0) = 8.3 x 10(3) s(-1), 1.3 x 10(4) s(-1), and 2 x 10(4) s(-1). The fraction of extinguished stoichiometric regions increases with the global mixing rate as expected from laminar flamelet theory. The maximum fraction of extinguished regions, measured as a volume fraction of stoichiometric mixture, is 5%, 17%, and 40%, respectively, for the three mixing rates. The fraction of extinguished regions is significantly greater than the probability that the scalar dissipation rate exceeds the critical value for extinction, indicating that the reignition process is slow relative to the extinction process. The rate of reignition is found to scale roughly with the global mixing rate; this means that reignition is more rapid for conditions favorable to extinction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hewson, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 174 IS 5-6 BP 35 EP 66 DI 10.1080/00102200290021038 PG 32 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 577BJ UT WOS:000177041400002 ER PT J AU Van Horn, JD Gramer, CJ O'Sullivan, B Jurchen, KMC Doble, DMJ Raymond, KN AF Van Horn, JD Gramer, CJ O'Sullivan, B Jurchen, KMC Doble, DMJ Raymond, KN TI Iron(III) 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamides revisited. Charge effects on highly stable ferric complexes SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE iron chelation; catechol ligands; charge effects ID IRON TRANSPORT COMPOUNDS; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; LIGAND; ENTEROBACTIN; ACTINIDES; CATECHOLATE; PROGRAM AB A series of substituted 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamides has been prepared and investigated by means of potentiometry, spectrophotometry and H-1 NMR spectroscopy at 25degreesC. Proton association constants for the ligand and formation constants for the ferric complexes are as follows: 2,3-dihydroxy-NN'-diethylterephthalamide, logbeta(011) = 10.83, log beta(012) = 17.09, logbeta(110)=17.27, logbeta(120)=31.59, logbeta(130)=42.67; 2,3-dihydroxy-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalamide, logbeta(011)=10.61, log beta(012)=16.66, log beta(110)= 17.04, log beta(120)=31.0, log beta(130)=42.1; 2,3-dihydroxy-N,N'-bis(ethanesulfonate)terephthalamide disodium salt, log beta(011)=11.01, log beta(012)=17.48, log beta(110)=18.24, log beta(120)=31.72, log beta(130)=40.3; 2,3-dihydroxy-N,N'-bis(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)terephthalamide dihydrobromide salt, log beta(011)=10.86, logbeta(012)=20.10, log beta(013)=28.53, log beta(014)=33.92, log beta(110)=17.4, log beta(120)=32.5, log beta(130)=45.2. The equilibrium free metal ion concentrations (-log[Fe3+] = pM) of these ligands are compared and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.1016/S1631-0748(02)01394-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 617WP UT WOS:000179384300007 ER PT J AU Weiss, R Fischer, J Bulach, V Shelnutt, JA AF Weiss, R Fischer, J Bulach, V Shelnutt, JA TI Molecular structures and mixed spin states of chloroiron(III) complexes of the 2,3-diethyl(detpp), 2,3,7,8-tetraethyl-(cis-tetpp), 2,3,12,13-tetraethyl-(trans-tetpp) and 2,3,7,8,12,13-hexaethyl-(hetpp) 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin complexes SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE iron porphyrins; quantum-mechanically admixed spin states; X-ray crystallography; electron paramagnetic resonance; normal coordinate structural decomposition ID FERRIC CYTOCHROME C'; RHODOSPIRILLUM-MOLISCHIANUM; PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; IRON(III) PORPHYRINS; FERRICYTOCHROME C'; RESOLUTION; PEROXIDASE; CONFORMATION AB The chloroiron(III) complexes of the partially peripherally crowded 2,3-diethyl-2,3,12,13-tetraethyl-, 2,3,7,8-tetraethyl-, and 2,3,7,8,12,13-hexaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrins have been synthesised and their X-ray structures have been determined. The porphyrins present in these molecules are non-planar and assume asymmetric predominately saddle shapes. They are also slightly ruffled and domed according to an analysis of the out-of-plane distortions performed by using normal-coordinate structural decomposition (NSD). The saddle deformations, dominant in these chloroiron(III) complexes, are larger than those observed in all the cytochromes c', whose structures were analysed by this method. Despite the large saddle-shaped distortions of the porphyrins present in these species, the quantum mechanical S = 3/2 spin admixtures into the S = 5/2 high-spin state (QMS state) observed are small. The EPR spectra of these C-beta-ethyl-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin complexes indicate S = 3/2 admixtures of 0% in Fe(detpp)Cl (1), 0.75% in Fe(trans-tetpp)Cl (2), 1.20% in Fe(cis-tetpp)Cl (3) and 2.75% in Fe(hetpp)Cl (4). The large saddle distortions of the porphyrins present in these compounds and the small S = 5/2,3/2 spin admixtures found indicate that the saddle distortions alone are probably not sufficient to cause the QMS states observed in several ferricytochromes c' isolated from photosynthetic bacteria and in plant peroxidases. C1 Univ Strasbourg 1, ISIS, Lab Chim Supramol, UMR 7006 CNRS, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Le Bel, Lab Chim Organomet & Catalyse, UMR 7513, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Le Bel, Lab Chim Coordinat Organ, UMR 7513, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weiss, R (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg 1, ISIS, Lab Chim Supramol, UMR 7006 CNRS, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg, France. EM weiss@chimie.u-strasbg.fr; fischer@chimie.u-strasbg.fr; bulach@chimie.u-strasbg.fr; jasheln@unm.edu RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S1631-0748(02)01404-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 617WP UT WOS:000179384300008 ER PT J AU Rudd, RE Belak, JF AF Rudd, RE Belak, JF TI Void nucleation and associated plasticity in dynamic fracture of polycrystalline copper: an atomistic simulation SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE void nucleation; atomistic simulation; multiscale modeling ID GROWTH; CRITERIA; DUCTILE; METALS AB We investigate the microscopic mechanisms of void growth in polycrystalline copper undergoing triaxial expansion at a large, constant strain rate: a process central to the initial phase of dynamic fracture. Void nucleation, growth, interaction and coalescence are studied using atomistic simulations. The influence of pre-existing microstructure on the void growth is characterized both for nucleation and for growth. These processes are found to be in agreement with the general features of void distributions observed in experiment. We also examine some of the microscopic mechanisms of plasticity associated with void growth. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Rudd, Robert/0000-0002-6632-2681 NR 19 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 148 EP 153 AR PII S0927-0256(02)00181-7 DI 10.1016/S0927-0256(02)00181-7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 576WZ UT WOS:000177031300024 ER PT J AU Phan, AV Gray, LJ Kaplan, T Phan, TN AF Phan, AV Gray, LJ Kaplan, T Phan, TN TI The boundary contour method for two-dimensional Stokes flow and incompressible elastic materials SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE boundary contour method; boundary element method; Stokes flow; incompressible materials ID 3-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR ELASTICITY; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; ELEMENT METHOD; SENSITIVITIES; VARIABLES AB A variant of the boundary element method, called the boundary contour method (BCM), offers a further reduction in dimensionality. Consequently, boundary contour analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) problems does not require any numerical integration at all. While the method has enjoyed many successful applications in linear elasticity, the above advantage has not been exploited for Stokes flow problems and incompressible media. In order to extend the BCM to these materials, this paper presents a development of the method based on the equations of Stokes flow and its 2-D kernel tensors. Potential functions are derived for quadratic boundary elements. Numerical solutions for some well-known examples are compared with the analytical ones to validate the development. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Phan, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-7675 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 425 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s00466-002-0309-z PG 9 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 564PT UT WOS:000176323300010 ER PT J AU Post, DE Sullivan, F AF Post, DE Sullivan, F TI Limits on computations SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Post, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 14 EP 15 DI 10.1109/MCISE.2002.998636 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 543YL UT WOS:000175131400004 ER PT J AU Knirsch, J McHugh, K Folkestad, J AF Knirsch, J McHugh, K Folkestad, J TI RSP (TM) tooling - A revolutionary new process to manufacture die cast production tooling in prototype timing SO DIE CASTING ENGINEER LA English DT Article C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Knirsch, J (reprint author), RSP Tooling LLC, Solon, OH USA. RI Folkestad, James/B-3484-2008 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU DIE CASTING ENGINEER PI ROSEMONT PA 9701 W HIGGINS RD, SUITE 880, ROSEMONT, IL 60018-4721 USA SN 0012-253X J9 DIE CAST ENG JI Die Cast. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 56 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 549GF UT WOS:000175435600010 ER PT J AU Kamenov, G Macfarlane, AW Riciputi, L AF Kamenov, G Macfarlane, AW Riciputi, L TI Sources of lead in the San Cristobal, Pulacayo, and Potosi mining districts, Bolivia, and a reevaluation of regional ore lead isotope provinces SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID CALC-ALKALINE LAVAS; CENTRAL ANDES; VOLCANIC DOME; METALLIFEROUS SEDIMENTS; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; CONTINENTAL-CRUST; METAL DEPOSITS; TRACE-ELEMENT; PB; BASEMENT AB New lead isotope data on ores, crustal rocks, and leachates of crustal rocks, combined with data in the literature, provide important new constraints on the sources of ore metals in southwest to south-central Bolivia, including the very large recently discovered silver-zinc deposit at San Cristobal, the Pulacayo polymetallic district, and the giant Potosf silver-tin-base metal deposit. Lead isotope ratios of ores and igneous rocks from the San Cristobal deposit and from Paleozoic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks are compared with published data on high-grade Middle Proterozoic metamorphic basement rocks. These data constrain the major source of lead, and by inference of other ore metals, at San Cristobal to be the metamorphic basement rocks. Leaching experiments on samples of Paleozoic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks show that the easily leachable lead from these rocks is much less radiogenic than the whole-rock compositions. However, lead isotope ratios of both whole rocks and leachates of these upper crustal rocks are too radiogenic for them to be major sources of ore lead at San Cristobal. Lead isotope ratios of ores from Pulacayo and Potosf are similar to each other and lie within the range of Paleozoic and Cretaceous sedimentary whole-rock compositions. Leaching of Pb from the sedimentary rocks cannot explain the isotopic compositions of the Pulacayo and Potosf ores, and the isotopic homogeneity of the Potosf ores also argues against mixing of lead from diverse sources in the hydrothermal system. Lead from the sedimentary rocks may have been incorporated by magmatic assimilation followed by extraction of ore metals from the resulting magma. Lead isotope ratios of San Cristobal ores are different from those of Pulacayo, Potosf, and other deposits to the east, but resemble the compositions of ores and volcanic rocks in western Bolivia. On this basis we identify a new ore lead isotope province extending from San Cristobal northward across the eastern Altiplano and into southern Peru. This province is coincident with but smaller than the extent of the proposed Arequipa-Antofalla. metamorphic basement craton. The degree of incorporation of ore metals from the metamorphic basement appears to depend on the timing and/or location of the mineralizing event. Ore deposits in the northern part of province IV formed before the thickening of Andean crust, beginning around 20 Ma, and incorporated minor amounts of metals from the metamorphic basement. Younger deposits farther to the south contain major to dominant components of basement lead. C1 Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inorgan Geochem Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Macfarlane, AW (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM macfarla@fiu.edu OI Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 NR 75 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL BULL SOC JI Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 97 IS 3 BP 573 EP 592 DI 10.2113/97.3.573 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 574XR UT WOS:000176915900009 ER PT J AU Sun, YK Lee, YS Yoshio, M Amine, K AF Sun, YK Lee, YS Yoshio, M Amine, K TI Synthesis and electrochemical properties of ZnO-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel as 5 V cathode material for lithium secondary batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVEMENT; DEGRADATION; MECHANISM; CELLS AB ZnO-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders with excellent electrochemical cyclability and structural stability at elevated temperature have been synthesized by a sol-gel method. The structural degradation of the as-prepared LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and ZnO-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrodes before and after cycling in the 5 V region has been studied. The ZnO-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode showed almost no capacity loss and retained its original cubic spinel structure after 50 cycles. We found that ZnO played an important role in reducing the HF content in the electrolyte solution. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Saga Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Saga 840, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; NR 18 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 4 U2 89 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP A99 EP A102 DI 10.1149/1.1465375 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 547CH UT WOS:000175315100005 ER PT J AU Tucker, MC Doeff, MM Richardson, TJ Finones, R Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ AF Tucker, MC Doeff, MM Richardson, TJ Finones, R Reimer, JA Cairns, EJ TI Li-7 and P-31 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance of LiFePO4-type materials SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; LITHIUM BATTERIES; MAS NMR; SPECTRA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESOLUTION; GLASSES; CATHODE AB LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 have been characterized using Li-7 and P-31 magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LiFePO4 was synthesized by a hydrothermal route and LiMnPO4 was synthesized at high temperature in an inert atmosphere. Both compositions give rise to single isotropic Li-7 resonances. The MAS isotropic peak linewidth for LiFePO4 is considerably larger than that for LiMnPO4, suggesting the presence of local disorder in the Li coordination sphere for LiFePO4. In both samples, the isotropic peak is accompanied by a large, asymmetric spinning sideband manifold, arising from bulk magnetic susceptibility broadening and the paramagnetic interaction between the lithium nucleus and transition metal unpaired electrons. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mctucker@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012; OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591; Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 21 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP A95 EP A98 DI 10.1149/1.1464505 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 547CH UT WOS:000175315100004 ER PT J AU Li, QB Liu, ZW Monroe, H Culiat, CT AF Li, QB Liu, ZW Monroe, H Culiat, CT TI Integrated platform for detection of DNA sequence variants using capillary array electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary array electrophoresis; genotyping; mutation detection; sequencing; temperature gradient ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; SENSITIVE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MUTATION DETECTION; POINT MUTATIONS; RAPID DETECTION; SINGLE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY AB We have developed a highly versatile platform that performs temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis (TGCE) for mutation/single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, sequencing and mutation/SNP genotyping for identification of sequence variants on an automated 24-, 96- or 192-capillary array instrument. In the first mode, multiple DNA samples consisting of homoduplexes and heteroduplexes are separated by CE, during which a temperature gradient is applied that covers all possible temperatures of 50% melting equilibrium (Tms) for the samples. The differences in Tms result in separation of homoduplexes from heteroduplexes, thereby identifying the presence of DNA variants. The sequencing mode is then used to determine the exact location of the mutation/SNPs in the DNA variants. The first two modes allow the rapid identification of variants from the screening of a large number of samples. Only the variants need to be sequenced. The third mode utilizes multiplexed single-base extensions (SBEs) to survey mutations and SNPs at the known sites of DNA sequence. The TGCE approach combined with sequencing and SBE is fast and cost-effective for high-throughput mutation/SNP detection. C1 SpectruMedix Corp, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Li, QB (reprint author), SpectruMedix Corp, 2124 Old Gatesburg Rd, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. NR 34 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1499 EP 1511 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200205)23:10<1499::AID-ELPS1499>3.0.CO;2-X PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 558XK UT WOS:000175992800017 PM 12116161 ER PT J AU Tan, KM Zelus, BD Meijers, R Liu, JH Bergelson, JM Duke, N Zhang, R Joachimiak, A Holmes, KV Wang, JH AF Tan, KM Zelus, BD Meijers, R Liu, JH Bergelson, JM Duke, N Zhang, R Joachimiak, A Holmes, KV Wang, JH TI Crystal structure of murine sCEACAM1a[1,4]: a coronavirus receptor in the CEA family SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacterial binding; CEA family; cell adhesion; coronavirus receptor; crystal structure ID MOUSE HEPATITIS-VIRUS; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN CEA; BILIARY GLYCOPROTEIN CD66A; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; HUMAN CD4; MHV RECEPTOR; HOT-SPOT; ADHESION; BINDING AB CEACAM1 is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. Isoforms of murine CEACAM1 serve as receptors for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. Here we report the crystal structure of soluble murine sCEACAM1a[1,4], which is composed of two Ig-like domains and has MHV neutralizing activity. Its N-terminal domain has a uniquely folded CC' loop that encompasses key virus-binding residues. This is the first atomic structure of any member of the CEA family, and provides a prototypic architecture for functional exploration of CEA family members. We discuss the structural basis of virus receptor activities of murine CEACAM1 proteins, binding of Neisseria to human CEACAM1, and other homophilic and heterophilic interactions of CEA family members. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RI Meijers, Rob/D-5521-2011; OI Meijers, Rob/0000-0003-2872-6279 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54734, P01 HL048675, HL48675]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 25231, AI 26075, R01 AI026075, R01 AI025231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56008] NR 56 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 9 BP 2076 EP 2086 DI 10.1093/emboj/21.9.2076 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 548NG UT WOS:000175393700003 PM 11980704 ER PT J AU Price, L Sinton, J Worrell, E Phylipsen, D Xiulian, H Ji, L AF Price, L Sinton, J Worrell, E Phylipsen, D Xiulian, H Ji, L TI Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions from steel production in China SO ENERGY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY AB In 1996, China manufactured just over 100 Mt of steel and became the world's largest steel producer. Official Chinese energy consumption statistics for the steel industry include activities not directly associated with the production of steel, 'double-count' some coal-based energy consumption, and do not cover the entire Chinese steelmaking industry. In this paper, we make adjustements to the reported statistical data in order to provide energy use values for steel production in China that are comparable to statistics used internationally. We find that for 1996, official statistics need to be reduced by 1365 PJ to account for nonsteel production activities and double-counting. Official statistics also need to be increased by 415 PJ in order to include steelmaking energy use of small plants not included in official statistics. This leads to an overall reduction of 950 PJ for steelmaking in China in 1996. Thus, the official final energy use value of 4018 PJ drops to 3067 PJ. In primary energy terms, the official primary energy use value of 4555 PJ is reduced to 3582 PJ when these adjustments are made. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Energy Anal Dept,Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Price, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Energy Anal Dept,Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 49 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 429 EP 446 AR PII S0360-5442(01)00095-0 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00095-0 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 550VQ UT WOS:000175524800002 ER PT J AU Brown, R Webber, C Koomey, JG AF Brown, R Webber, C Koomey, JG TI Status and future directions of the ENERGY STAR program SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB In 1992 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced ENERGY STAR(R), a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy - efficient products, in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Since then, the EPA, now in partnership with the US Department of Energy (DOE), has expanded the program to cover nearly the entire buildings sector, spanning new homes, commercial buildings, residential heating and cooling equipment, major appliances, office equipment, commercial and residential lighting, and home electronics. This paper is based on our experience since 1993 in providing technical support to the ENERGY STAR program. We provide a snapshot of the ENERGY STAR program in the year 2000, including a general overview of the program, its accomplishments, and the possibilities for future development. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brown, R (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 505 EP 520 AR PII S0360-5442(02)00004-X DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00004-X PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 550VQ UT WOS:000175524800007 ER PT J AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB TI Stress states and growth behavior of bridged cracks at creep regime SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE creep cavitation; crack bridging; creep crack growth; crack tip singularity; FEM ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY CAVITATION; PRESSED SILICON-NITRIDE; MATRIX CRACKING; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; DIFFUSIVE CAVITATION; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; FIBER COMPOSITES; TIP; RUPTURE; FIELDS AB In this study growth behavior of bridged cracks, resulting from the growth of pre-nucleated creep cavities with diffusional and dislocation-assisted mechanisms, is investigated numerically. The elements bridging the crack are assumed to be elastic; the bridging behavior ranges from full development of the bridging zones to failure of the bridging elements during the course of crack growth. The results indicate that the bridging traction significantly relaxes even with the overall creep deformation alone. The rate of this relaxation is not influenced by the rate of crack growth. However, the rate of change in the bridging zone length or the density of the bridging elements in the bridging zone strongly affects both the maximum value and the distribution of the traction in the bridging zone. A much weaker stress singularity than the ones described by K or C* was found ahead of the bridged cracks in the creep regime. In this weak singularity region the cavities. located at increasing distance from the crack tip, grow at similar high rates to each other. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 69 IS 8 BP 923 EP 943 AR PII S0013-7944(01)00130-8 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(01)00130-8 PG 21 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 551GH UT WOS:000175551300004 ER PT J AU Sakai, R Siegmann, HC Sato, H Voorhees, S AF Sakai, R Siegmann, HC Sato, H Voorhees, S TI Particulate matter and particle-attached polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the indoor and outdoor air of Tokyo measured with personal monitors SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; particulate matter; personal monitor; indoor; outdoor; motor vehicle ID DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; MICE AB Using two types of personal monitors for suspended particulate matter of diameter under 10 pm (PM-10) and for particles of diameter under 1 pm with attached polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), we measured the PM-10 and PPAH concentrations in the indoor and outdoor air in various locations in the Tokyo area. The major findings were as follows. (1) The PPAH concentrations in a clean living room increased rapidly within several minutes after one cigarette was smoked. (2) Using the average indoor concentrations of PM-10 and PPAH in a department store as control concentrations, respectively, where the average indoor PM-10 concentration was closest to an annual average outdoor concentration in Japan, the mean value for indoor air concentrations of PM-10 by location ranged from 2.2 to 6.2 times the control concentration, and the mean value for indoor air concentrations of PPAH by location ranged from 1.0 to 32.2 times the control concentration. (3) Using the same control concentrations, the mean value of outdoor concentrations of PM-10 by location ranged from 1.6 to 8.5 times the control concentration, while the mean value of outdoor concentrations of PPAH by location were up to 353.7 times the control concentration. The major polluted places were main traffic roads, highways, and street tunnels. (4) The correlation coefficient between the PM and the PPAH concentrations in the total monitoring time was 0.014, which was not significant (P > 0.05). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Occupat Med, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Combust Aerosols & Suspended Particles, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Sakai, R (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Occupat Med, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1006/enrs.2002.4355 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 560JL UT WOS:000176078900009 PM 12051787 ER PT J AU Burger, J Gaines, KF Boring, CS Stephens, WL Snodgrass, J Dixon, C McMahon, M Shukla, S Shukla, T Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Gaines, KF Boring, CS Stephens, WL Snodgrass, J Dixon, C McMahon, M Shukla, S Shukla, T Gochfeld, M TI Metal levels in fish from the Savannah River: Potential hazards to fish and other receptors SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FRESH-WATER FISH; MERCURY ACCUMULATION; HEAVY-METALS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; LARGEMOUTH BASS; CAUGHT FISH; MANGANESE; TOXICITY AB Fish are ideal indicators of heavy metal contamination in aquatic systems because they occupy different trophic levels and are different sizes and ages. In this paper, we report concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, strontium 88 and mercury in the muscle of 11 species of fish from the Savannah River near the Savannah River Site. We test the hypotheses that there are no locational, species, or trophic-level differences in contaminant levels. There were significant species differences for all metals; higher-trophic-level fish generally had higher levels of arsenic, chromium, and copper. There were relatively few locational differences, and where there were such differences, they were small. The relationships between body weight and contaminant levels were generally positive, except for strontium, where there was a negative correlation for bowfin (Amia calva), bass (Micropterus salmoides), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and shellcracker (Lepomis microlophus) and no relationship for the other species. The levels of most metals were similar to, or lower than, those for the United States generally, and the levels of metals in fish from the Savannah River do not appear to pose a health threat to the fish themselves or to higher-order consumers, based on levels known to cause effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Insst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. CRESP, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Towson State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 88 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 DI 10.1006/cnrs.2002.4330 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 560JL UT WOS:000176078900011 PM 12051789 ER PT J AU Bennett, DH McKone, TE Evans, JS Nazaroff, WW Margni, MD Jolliet, O Smith, KR AF Bennett, DH McKone, TE Evans, JS Nazaroff, WW Margni, MD Jolliet, O Smith, KR TI Defining intake fraction SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; EXPOSURE; INVENTORY; EMISSIONS; HEALTH C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Environm Sci & Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Bennett, DH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Nazaroff, William/C-4106-2008 OI Nazaroff, William/0000-0001-5645-3357 NR 27 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 206A EP 211A DI 10.1021/es0222770 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547BE UT WOS:000175311900005 ER PT J AU Malmon, DV Dunne, T Reneau, SL AF Malmon, DV Dunne, T Reneau, SL TI Predicting the fate of sediment and pollutants in river floodplains SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; EROSION; TRANSPORT; WILDFIRE; CHANNEL C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geol & Geochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malmon, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Dunne, Thomas/B-6374-2014 OI Dunne, Thomas/0000-0002-5281-6517 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2026 EP 2032 DI 10.1021/es010509+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547BE UT WOS:000175311900027 PM 12026988 ER PT J AU Beller, HR Tiemeier, K AF Beller, HR Tiemeier, K TI Use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to detect distinctive indicators of in situ RDX transformation in contaminated groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION; EXPLOSIVES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; METABOLITES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Operat Support Command, SOSMA, ISE, Rock Isl, IL 61299 USA. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2060 EP 2066 DI 10.1021/es0157696 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547BE UT WOS:000175311900032 PM 12026993 ER PT J AU Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ AF Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ TI Photodegradation of a ternary iron(III)-uranium(VI)-citric acid complex SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRATE COMPLEXES; CITRIC-ACID; URANYL-ION; PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; IRON(III); URANIUM; BIODEGRADATION; RADICALS; IRON C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dodge, CJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2094 EP 2100 DI 10.1021/es011125m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547BE UT WOS:000175311900037 PM 12026999 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Snodgrass, JW Staub, BP Jackson, BP Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Roe, JH Snodgrass, JW Staub, BP Jackson, BP Congdon, JD TI Effects of chronic dietary exposure to trace elements on banded water snakes (Nerodia fasciata) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE reptiles; snakes; trophic transfer; coal combustion; selenium ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; REPTILES; SELENIUM AB Little currently is known about the accumulation or effects of contaminants on reptiles. To date, most studies examining reptile exposure to trace elements report tissue burdens of field-captured animals. but seldom provide insight into the dose, duration, or mode of exposure involved. For two years, we fed juvenile banded water snakes (Nerodia fasciata) prey items collected from a coal ash-contaminated site that contained elevated levels of As, Cd, Cu, Se, Sr, and V. With the exception of Cu, snakes accumulated significant concentrations of elements, usually in a dose-dependent manner. Accumulation varied significantly among liver, kidney, and gonads, and in most cases between sexes. Selenium accumulation was most notable, greatly exceeding established toxicity thresholds for other vertebrates. Despite the high concentrations of pollutants accumulated, snakes exposed to the contaminated diet survived through the study and exhibited normal food consumption, growth. condition factor, overwinter survival and mass loss, metabolic rate, and gonadosomatic index. The results of this study confirm that diet can be a significant route of exposure to trace elements in snakes and indicate that further studies on snakes are warranted to better understand their responses to contaminants. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. Towson State Univ, Dept Biol, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 906 EP 913 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0906:EOCDET>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 584ZV UT WOS:000177499400004 PM 12013136 ER PT J AU Allwine, KJ Thistle, HW Teske, ME Anhold, J AF Allwine, KJ Thistle, HW Teske, ME Anhold, J TI The agricultural dispersal-valley drift spray drift modeling system compared with pesticide drift data SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE atmospheric modeling; pesticide drift; complex terrain; aerial application ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; AIRCRAFT; FATE AB The coupling of the valley drift (VALDRIFT) atmospheric dispersion/deposition model with the agricultural dispersal (AGDISP) aircraft wake model generates a modeling system for predicting the off-target drift of pesticides sprayed in a mountain valley. The approach uses the AGDISP near-field spray model to estimate the mass fraction of pesticide remaining airborne after initial application, then the VALDRIFT complex terrain model to estimate the drift of pesticide from the target area. The modeling system inputs include detailed spray information, a measure (or estimate) of winds in the valley, and the valley topographic characteristics; the results are pesticide concentrations throughout the valley atmosphere and pesticide deposition to the valley surface. The AGDISP and VALDRIFT models are operated independently, with the results from AGDISP being used as input to VALDRIFT through user-created data files. The modeling system was evaluated using pesticide drift data from spray trials conducted in the Mill Creek Canyon of Utah's Wasatch Mountains, USA, during the late spring of 1993. The predicted deposition compared within a factor of three of the observations (70% of the time) at all sampling locations extending several kilometers down-valley from the spray treatment block. The overall average ratio of predicted-to-observed deposition was 0.9. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Continuum Dynam, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Allwine, KJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1090 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1085:TADVDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 584ZV UT WOS:000177499400026 PM 12013131 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Petersen, MR Hines, CJ Dong, M Faulkner, D Deddens, JA Ruder, AM Sullivan, D Boeniger, MF AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Petersen, MR Hines, CJ Dong, M Faulkner, D Deddens, JA Ruder, AM Sullivan, D Boeniger, MF TI Indoor particles and symptoms among office workers: Results from a double-blind cross-over study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indoor air pollutants; particles; symptoms; intervention studies; air filtration; temperature ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; AIR-QUALITY; DUST; INTERVENTION; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; HUMIDITY; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; PRODUCTIVITY AB Background. We studied the effects of removing small airborne particles in an office building without unusual contaminant sources or occupant complaints. Methods. We conducted a double-blind crossover study of enhanced particle filtration in an office building in the Midwest United States in 1993. We replaced standard particle filters, in separate ventilation systems on two floors, with highly efficient filters on alternate floors weekly over 4 weeks. Repeated-measures models were used to analyze data from weekly worker questionnaires and multiple environmental measurements. Results. Bioaerosol concentrations were low. Enhanced filtration reduced concentrations of the smallest airborne particles by 94%. This reduction was not associated with reduced symptoms among the 396 respondents, but three performance-related mental states improved; for example, the confusion scale decreased (-3.7%; 95% confidence limits (CL) = -6.5, -0.9). Most environmental dissatisfaction variables also improved; eg, "stuffy" air, -5.3% (95% CL = -10.3, -0.4). Cooler temperatures within the recommended comfort range were associated with remarkably large improvement in most outcomes; for example, chest tightness decreased -23.4% (95% CL = -38.1, -8.7) for every 1degreesC decrease. Conclusions. Benefits of enhanced filtration require assessment in buildings with higher particulate contaminant levels in studies controlling for temperature effects. Benefits from lower indoor temperatures need confirmation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 58 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 296 EP 304 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205000-00010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544QF UT WOS:000175170900009 PM 11964931 ER PT J AU Bender, M Cornelius, T Lalazissis, GA Maruhn, JA Nazarewicz, W Reinhard, PG AF Bender, M Cornelius, T Lalazissis, GA Maruhn, JA Nazarewicz, W Reinhard, PG TI The Z=82 shell closure in neutron-deficient Pb isotopes SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD MODELS; DIRECT MASS MEASUREMENTS; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; SHAPE COEXISTENCE; ALPHA-DECAY; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; LEAD ISOTOPES; RICH NUCLEI; DRIP-LINE; STATES AB Recent mass measurements show a substantial weakening of the binding-energy difference delta(2p)(Z, N) = E(Z - 2, N) - 2E(Z, N) + E(Z + 2, N) in the neutron-deficient Pb isotopes. As delta(2p) is often attributed to the size of the proton magic gap. it might be speculated that reduction in delta(2p) is related to a weakening of the spherical Z = 82 shell. We demonstrate that the observed trend is described quantitatively by self-consistent mean-field models in terms of deformed ground states of fig and Po isotopes. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Theoret Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Bender, M (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Serv Phys Nucl Theor & Phys Math, CP229, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RI Bender, Michael/B-9004-2009 NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1140/epja/iepja1320 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 572RZ UT WOS:000176789900005 ER PT J AU Melnitchouk, W Tsushima, K Thomas, AW AF Melnitchouk, W Tsushima, K Thomas, AW TI Quark-hadron duality and the nuclear EMC effect SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; NEUTRON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; LOCAL DUALITY; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; FINITE NUCLEI; LONGITUDINAL RESPONSE; SUM-RULE; ART.; MODEL AB Recent data on polarized proton knockout reactions off He-4 nuclei suggest a small but nonzero modification of proton electromagnetic form factors in medium. Using model-independent relations derived on the basis of quark-hadron duality, we relate the medium modification of the form factors to the modification at large x of the deep-inelastic structure function of a bound proton. This places strong constraints on models of the nuclear EMC effect which assume a large deformation of the intrinsic structure of the nucleon in medium. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Melnitchouk, W (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1140/epja/iepja1323 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 572RZ UT WOS:000176789900015 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Helm, C Bishop, AR Maley, MP AF Bulaevskii, LN Helm, C Bishop, AR Maley, MP TI Optical properties of crystals with spatial dispersion - Josephson plasma resonance in layered superconductors SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; MODE; OSCILLATIONS; STORAGE; LIGHT AB We derive the transmission coefficient, T (omega), for grazing incidence of crystals with spatial dispersion accounting for the excitation of multiple modes with different wave vectors k for a given frequency omega. The generalization of the Fresnel formulas contains the refraction indices of these modes as determined by the dielectric function epsilon(omega, k). Near frequencies omega(e), where the group velocity vanishes, T (omega) depends also on an additional parameter determined by the crystal microstructure. The transmission T is significantly suppressed, if one of the excited modes is decaying into the crystal. We derive these features microscopically for the Josephson plasma resonance in layered superconductors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 3 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00655-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 546JM UT WOS:000175271000016 ER PT J AU Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Kendziora, C Miyakawa, N AF Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Gray, KE Kendziora, C Miyakawa, N TI Absence of pseudogap in heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta from tunneling spectroscopy of break junctions SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNDERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; NORMAL-STATE; TEMPERATURE; GAP; EXCITATION; DEPENDENCE; PRECURSOR AB We report tunneling spectroscopy of superconductor-insulator-superconductor break junctions on heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta with T-c=56K. At Tmuch less thanT(c), the junction conductances display well-defined quasiparticle peaks at +/-2Delta and in some cases a Josephson current at zero bias. Gap values as small as Delta=10.5 meV have been observed leading to 2Delta/kT(c) near the BCS limit for d(x 2-y 2) pairing. Temperature dependence of the gap magnitude, (DeltaT), follows the BCS relation and both the quasiparticle gap and Josephson current vanish for T>T-c. Above T-c, the tunneling conductance shows a at background without any indication of a pseudogap near the Fermi level. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ozyuzer, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 589 EP 595 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00436-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 556PB UT WOS:000175857200018 ER PT J AU Oli, MK Hepp, GR Kennamer, RA AF Oli, MK Hepp, GR Kennamer, RA TI Fitness consequences of delayed maturity in female wood ducks SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age at maturity; Aix sponsa; cost of reproduction; demography; fitness; individual fitness; life-history evolution; life-history trade-offs; lifetime reproductive success; wood duck ID LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; AGE; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; COSTS; PREDICTIONS; PHILOPATRY; HISTORIES; DYNAMICS AB Age at maturity has been suggested to be an important life-history trait with substantial potential for influencing the evolution of life histories. Using known reproductive histories of 90 female wood ducks (Aix sponsa) from a long-term study (1982-96), we investigated the fitness consequences of changes in age at maturity. Female wood ducks that attained sexual maturity as yearlings had a significantly shorter hfespan than those that delayed reproduction until 2 years of age or later. However, females that delayed reproduction neither produced a larger number of ducklings during their first reproductive event, nor did they have a greater number of successful lifetime breeding attempts than those maturing as yearlings. Females that attained sexual maturity as yearlings had the greatest individual fitness; the results indicated a directional selection for early maturity. These results are consistent with life-history theory predictions and suggest that reduced lifespan in female wood ducks is the primary cost associated with early maturity; however, costs of early maturity are outweighed by the associated benefits in fitness currency. Regression of individual fitness on age at maturity indicated strong directional selection for early maturity. These results suggest that attaining sexual maturity as yearlings may be an evolutionarily stable strategy in our study population, and that females delaying reproduction do so because they are genetically or environmentally constrained, not because of the potential fitness benefits of delayed maturity. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forest & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Oli, MK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, 303 Newins Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 63 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 563 EP 576 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 552FN UT WOS:000175608900006 ER PT J AU Lowe, M Madsen, EL Schindler, K Smith, C Emrich, S Robb, F Halden, RU AF Lowe, M Madsen, EL Schindler, K Smith, C Emrich, S Robb, F Halden, RU TI Geochemistry and microbial diversity of a trichloroethene-contaminated Superfund site undergoing intrinsic in situ reductive dechlorination SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rDNA; 16S-23S intergenic spacer region; tetraalkoxysilane; bioremediation; reductive dechlorination ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SPACER REGIONS; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; TETRACHLOROETHENE; AQUIFER; BIOREMEDIATION; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION AB This study explored the geochemistry and microbial diversity of a Superfund site containing trichloroethene (TCE) and an unusual copollutant, tetra kis(2-ethylbutoxy)silane. Geochemical analysis of contaminated groundwater indicated subsurface anaerobiosis, reductive dechlorination of TCE to predominantly cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and (transient) accumulation of 2-ethylbutanol and 2-ethylbutyrate as a result of tetrakis(2-ethylbutoxy) si lane breakdown. Comparative analysis of 106 16S rDNA and 61 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region sequences - obtained from pristine and contaminated groundwater via DNA extraction, PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing revealed that the contaminated groundwater featured (i) a distinct microbial community, (ii) reduced species diversity, (iii) various anaerobes, and (iv) bacteria closely related to the TCE-dechlorinating, dichloroethene-accumulating genus Dehalobacter, whereas (v) the TCE-dechlorinating, ethene-producing species Dehalococcoides ethenogenes was not detectable. Thus, geochemical and molecular biological results were in excellent agreement in this first ecological field study linking in situ reductive dechlorination of TCE to metabolism of tetraalkoxysilanes. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Loyola Coll, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Halden, RU (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,Suite W6001, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rhalden@jhsph.edu RI Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010; OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496 NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 AR PII S0168-6496(02)00229-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00229-5 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 562HT UT WOS:000176191900005 PM 19709219 ER PT J AU Tran, NL Salmon, CP Knize, MG Colvin, ME AF Tran, NL Salmon, CP Knize, MG Colvin, ME TI Experimental and simulation studies of heat flow and heterocyclic amine mutagen/carcinogen formation in pan-fried meat patties SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amine mutagens; heat-flow simulations; cooking processes; food mutagens ID GROUND-BEEF; FOOD; COOKING; MUTAGENS; PRODUCTS; CARCINOGENICITY AB Heterocylic amine (HA) compounds formed in the cooking of certain foods have been shogun to be bacterial mutagens and animal carcinogens, and may be a risk factor for human cancer. To help explain the variation observed in HA formation under different cooking conditions, we have performed heat-flow simulations and experiments on the pan-frying of beef patties. The simulations involve modeling the heat flow within a meat patty using empirically derived thermal transport coefficients for the meat. The predicted temperature profiles are used to integrate the Arrhenius rate equation to estimate the concentration of HAs formed in the meat. We find that our simulations accurately model experimentally determined temperature profiles. cooking times, HA spatial distributions and total HA formation in patties that are flipped once during the pan-frying process. For patties flipped every 60 s. the simulations qualitatively agree with experiment in predicting reduced cooking times and HA formation relative to the singly-flipped patties. However, the simulations overestimate the effect of rapid flipping on cooking times and underestimate the effect of flipping on total HAs formed. These results suggest that the dramatic reductions in HA formation due to rapid flipping may be due to factors other than the heating process or that there is a critical feature of the flipping process that is not captured in our model. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Colvin, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 673 EP 684 AR PII S0278-6915(01)00126-0 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00126-0 PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 553JR UT WOS:000175672500013 PM 11955674 ER PT J AU Anderson, RP Fincke, JR Taylor, CE AF Anderson, RP Fincke, JR Taylor, CE TI Conversion of natural gas to liquids via acetylene as an intermediate SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE gas-to-liquids; methane conversions; acetylene AB This paper describes an experimental investigation of the conversion of natural gas to liquid transportation fuels through acetylene as an intermediate. The first step is the direct thermal conversion of methane to acetylene utilizing a thermal plasma heat source to dissociate the methane. The dissociation products react to form a mixture of acetylene and hydrogen. Significant improvements over the prior art were observed these improvements may be attributed to an improved methane injection configuration and minimization of radial temperature gradients. Conversion efficiencies (percent methane converted) approached 100% and acetylene yields in the 90-95% range with 2-4% solid carbon production were obtained. A variety of methods were examined for the second step, the conversion of acetylene to liquid products. The most promising technology was the reaction of acetylene with hydrogen over a shape-selective zeolite to form C-3-C-5 + aliphatics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Anderson, RP (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAY PY 2002 VL 81 IS 7 BP 909 EP 925 AR PII S0016-2361(01)00188-0 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00188-0 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 543KM UT WOS:000175101200008 ER PT J AU Antar, GY Doerner, RP Kaita, R Majeski, R Spaleta, J Munsat, T Jones, B Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V Kugel, H Timberlake, J Krasheninnikov, SI Luckhardt, SC Conn, RW AF Antar, GY Doerner, RP Kaita, R Majeski, R Spaleta, J Munsat, T Jones, B Maingi, R Soukhanovskii, V Kugel, H Timberlake, J Krasheninnikov, SI Luckhardt, SC Conn, RW TI Plasma-lithium interaction in the CDX-U spherical torus SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE plasma-material interaction; lithium walls; MHD effects; CDX-U ID LIQUID LITHIUM; FUSION; MECHANISMS AB Results on the interaction between plasma in the current drive experiment-upgrade (CDX-U) spherical torus and a liquid lithium limiter are reported. It is observed that macroscopic lithium droplets detach from the limiter head and fall towards the plasma core. However, no disruptions occurred during these discharges despite the fact that relatively large-scale blobs are observed entering the confined plasma. A multi-tip Langmuir probe measures the edge plasma properties. It is found that the average density and temperature and their fluctuations are unaffected by the presence of lithium within experimental error. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Antar, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Fus Energy Res Program, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 60 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 AR PII S0920-3796(02)00055-8 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(02)00055-8 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 558JX UT WOS:000175963500006 ER PT J AU Cook, RC AF Cook, RC TI A model study of the possible effect of beryllium grain sound speed anisotropy on ICF capsule implosions SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; NIF TARGET CAPSULES; HD LAYERS; DESIGN; SHELLS; COATINGS; ABLATORS; UPDATE AB The sound speed in a Be grain is markedly different in orthogonal directions due to an anisotropic Young's modulus. The impact of this fact on ICF capsules machined from multi-crystalline Be is not clear, but is of concern if the shock velocity is likewise grain orientation dependent. In this paper the expected inner wall break out profile due to grain affected shock velocity variations is calculated for a Be capsule, as a function of the grain size and effective shock velocity anisotropy factor p = v(parallel to)/v(perpendicular to), where v(parallel to) and v(perpendicular to) are the effective maximum and minimum orthogonal shock speeds in a grain. In this simple model it is assumed that grain boundaries have no effect other than to mark the location where the shock speed changes as it moves from one grain to another. The grain structure of bulk beryllium is modeled by randomly placing N points in a volume V to define Wigner-Seitz cells (grains) of average volume V/N. Each grain is given a random orientation. The spherical shell wall is modeled by a 150 pm thick planar slab of this multi-crystalline material, 2piR in length where R is the capsule radius, taken to be 1000 mum. The slab is sampled at 3600 points along its 2piR length, at each point the average shock velocity through the sample is determined based on the model slab grain structure at that point. This data is used to create the expected spatial breakout profile, which is then Fourier transformed to give a power spectral representation that is compared to the current outside surface design specification. In order to match the design specification, grain diameters less than 10 Pm and an effective shock velocity anisotropy, p, of less than 1.001 are necessary. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 155 EP 163 PN 1 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600003 ER PT J AU Haan, SW Dittrich, T Strobel, G Hatchett, S Hinkel, D Marinak, M Munro, D Jones, O Pollaine, S Suter, L AF Haan, SW Dittrich, T Strobel, G Hatchett, S Hinkel, D Marinak, M Munro, D Jones, O Pollaine, S Suter, L TI Update on ignition target fabrication specifications SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID FACILITY; DESIGN AB This paper is a general update on the target fab specs for ignition targets for the National Ignition Facility. A general overview of the status of all the requirements is presented, with a historical summary plus recent results. Historical work will be related to recent systematization of the characterization as coordinated by Rich Stephens. New results to be presented include analysis of a polystrene-ablator target, analysis of Rayleigh-Taylor growth on beryllium targets driven at 250eV at various scales, simulations of the effect of fill tubes on the implosion, considerations of hohlraum and capsule size variations, and variations in DT gas density (i.e. capsule temperature). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Haan, SW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 164 EP 173 PN 1 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600004 ER PT J AU Elliott, N Barnes, CW Batha, SH Day, RD Elliott, J Gobby, P Gomez, V Hatch, D Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Manzanares, R Perea, R Pierce, T Rivera, G Sandoval, D Scott, JM Steckle, W Tubbs, DL Rothman, S Horsfield, C Dunne, AM Parker, KW AF Elliott, N Barnes, CW Batha, SH Day, RD Elliott, J Gobby, P Gomez, V Hatch, D Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Manzanares, R Perea, R Pierce, T Rivera, G Sandoval, D Scott, JM Steckle, W Tubbs, DL Rothman, S Horsfield, C Dunne, AM Parker, KW TI Best practice procedures for making direct drive cylindrical targets for studies of convergent hydrodynamics SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID IMPLOSION EXPERIMENTS AB The production of cylindrical targets involves numerous steps. These steps are shared in common with many other types of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets but no other single target encompasses such a wide range of fabrication techniques. These targets consist of a large number of individual parts, virtually all fabricated from commercially purchased raw material. As an example, the polystyrene used is synthesized in house from purchased monomer material. This material must be polymerized, purified, characterized and put into solution before it is even first used in the making of a target. Because virtually every manufacturing and assembly process we currently use is involved in the production of these targets, this paper is written as a way documenting the methods used. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Elliott, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dunne, Mike/B-4318-2014 OI Dunne, Mike/0000-0001-8740-3870 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 196 EP 202 PN 1 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600009 ER PT J AU Barnes, CW Day, RD Elliott, NE Batha, SH Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Scott, JM Rothman, S Horsfield, C Dunne, AM Parker, KW AF Barnes, CW Day, RD Elliott, NE Batha, SH Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR Scott, JM Rothman, S Horsfield, C Dunne, AM Parker, KW TI Characterization of surface roughness and initial conditions for cylindrical hydrodynamic and mix experiments SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID DIRECT-DRIVE; OMEGA LASER; IMPLOSIONS AB Hydrodynamic experiments in cylindrical geometry are used to study both mix (compressible, in convergent geometry) and mode coupling (impact of short wavelengths on long). For both types of experiments, knowledge of the initial conditions (the surface roughness spectrum, amplitude versus wavelength, as well as all target metrology) is very important. This paper is a discussion of the techniques and efforts to document and understand our initial conditions and their uncertainties and how well we can control them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AWE, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Barnes, CW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Dunne, Mike/B-4318-2014 OI Dunne, Mike/0000-0001-8740-3870 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 PN 1 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600010 ER PT J AU McQuillan, BW Takagi, M AF McQuillan, BW Takagi, M TI Removal of mode 10 surface ripples in ICFPAMS shells SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID ICF; MANDRELS AB Plastic spherical shells made by microencapsulation show a surface roughness over modes within the range 720, generically termed "the mode 10 problem." The roughness mode number corresponds with theoretical models of Marangoni convection cells formed during the curing of the initial wet shells. The roughness is removed, by appropriate changes in shell processing conditions, changes guided by the understanding of Marangoni convection. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP McQuillan, BW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 209 EP 213 PN 1 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600011 ER PT J AU Stephens, RB Haan, SW Wilson, DC AF Stephens, RB Haan, SW Wilson, DC TI Characterization specifications for baseline indirect drive NIF targets SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; CAPSULES; DESIGN AB Successful ignition in NIT will require targets that meet stringent standards as to symmetry, composition, and dimensions. We describe here the current understanding of specifications for baseline indirect drive targets of each of the three types of ablators: beryllium, polyimide, and plasma polymer. These specifications include the range of values for all targets of each group, and the variation in value allowed in a specific target of that group. They cover all of the components which make up a target, and which are critical to an implosion: the hohlraum and its components - windows, capsule support foil and gas fill - and the shell and its DT ice layer. These specifications are preliminary and incomplete; they will necessarily evolve with design details and with increasing understanding of target dynamics. They are compiled here as a reference for the ICF community and a basis on which to plan future work: to fill in the gaps and to develop the necessary characterization techniques. Future work will also include the requirements for direct drive targets. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stephens, RB (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 226 EP 233 PN 1 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600014 ER PT J AU Letts, SA Nissen, AEH Orthion, PJ Buckley, SR Fearon, E Chancellor, C Roberts, CC Parrish, BK Cook, RC AF Letts, SA Nissen, AEH Orthion, PJ Buckley, SR Fearon, E Chancellor, C Roberts, CC Parrish, BK Cook, RC TI Vapor-deposited polyimide ablators for NIF: Effects of deposition process parameters and solvent vapor smoothing on capsule surface finish SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID FILMS; SHELLS; DESIGN AB Recent progress made at LLNL on fabricating NIF scale polyimidie capsules using vapor deposition techniques is detailed. Our major focus has been on improving the capsule surface finish through better understanding of the origin of surface roughness created during the deposition process and implementation of a post-deposition vapor smoothing procedure prior to imidization. We have determined that the most important factors during the deposition process that impact surface finish include mandrel quality inononzer mixing, self-shadowing, and abrasion. We have shown that high rate deposition (above 10 mum/h) is effective at reducing roughness, which we believe is due to the shorter total time of shell agitation in the bouncer pan. By adjusting the coating conditions, coatings zip to 160 mum thick have been reproducibly fabricated with 300 nm RMS roughness. Solvent vapor smoothing, a new technique also developed at LLNL,further improves the surface to 30 nm RMS. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Letts, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-474, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 268 EP 277 PN 1 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600022 ER PT J AU Takagi, M Cook, R McQuillan, B Elsner, F Stephens, R Nikroo, A Gibson, J Paguio, S AF Takagi, M Cook, R McQuillan, B Elsner, F Stephens, R Nikroo, A Gibson, J Paguio, S TI Development of high quality poly(alpha-methylstyrene) mandrels for NIF SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; DESIGN; TARGET; SHELLS AB Recently, we developed a new method for making spherical poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (PalphaMS) mandrels. The process utilizes a small amount (<0.1wt%) of high-molecular-weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in the suspending medium, which substantially increases the interfacial tension during curing relative to methods using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and yields extremely round capsules. The PAA is also beneficial for centering of the core water, leading to exceptionally concentric capsules. However, fully cured capsules made by this method displayed a significant level of high frequency surface debris that became especially problematic when the mandrels were subsequently overcoated. To solve this problem we examined the use of PAA in conjunction with PVA in order to reduce these surface features, and explored numerous variations of concentration and timing of the PVA addition. The optimum conditions were found to be initial use c PAA for centering and symmetry of the mandrels, followed by removal of the PAA medium, washing of the mandrels with water, and finally transfer to PVA solution for completion of the curing cycle. Glow discharge polymer shells made front these mandrels have power spectra that meet the ignition capsule design requirements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Takagi, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 278 EP 285 PN 1 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600023 ER PT J AU Margevicius, RW AF Margevicius, RW TI Effect of crystallographic texture on sound velocity propagation in polycrystalline beryllium SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; NIF TARGET CAPSULES AB Beryllium is being considered as a possible capsule material for ignition targets for the National Ignition Facility. The material and machining specifications may ned to be highly restrictive, especially with regard to isotropic sound propagation. Beryllium, a hexagonal metal, displays directionally dependent sound speeds due to its anisotropic Young's modulus. Crystallographic texture transfers this anisotropic sound speed to the polycrystal to varying degrees depending on the texture strength. From published values for the elastic compliances for Be, the value of E for single crystals was seen to vary with azimuthal angle from the c axis, from about 350 GPa parallel to c to about 290 GPa parallel to a. The longitudinal sound velocity varies with E, and experimentally measured velocities on single crystal Be are in good agreement with the derived values, The value of E for polycrystalline Be was calculated from simulated textures ranging from 1 MRD (multiples of random distribution), i.e., random, to 2, 4, 8, 20, and 40 MRD. The difference in sound speed from the fastest to the slowest direction for those textured materials were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.9, 3.8, and 5.4 percent respectively. Experimentally measured textures, processed by hot-pressing, swaging, and HIPping, were used to illustrate the effect of process variables on the resulting texture. These types of differences in sound speed have tremendous implications for the manner in which the beryllium used for ignition capsules for the National Ignition Facility is fabricated. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Margevicius, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS E530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 286 EP 295 PN 1 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600024 ER PT J AU Kozioziemski, BJ McEachern, RL London, RA Bittner, DN AF Kozioziemski, BJ McEachern, RL London, RA Bittner, DN TI Infrared heating of hydrogen layers in hohlraums SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting CY JUL 15-19, 2001 CL W POINT, NEW YORK ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM; HD LAYERS AB We report results of modeling and experiments on infrared heated deuterium-hydride (HD) layers in hohlraums. A 2 mm diameter, 40 am thick shell with 100-400 mum thick HD ice inside a NIF scale gold hohlraum is heated by pumping the HD vibrational rotational bands. Models indicate control of the low-mode layer shape by adjusting the infrared distribution along the hohlraum walls. We have experimentally demonstrated control of the layer symmetry perpendicular to the hohlraum axis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kozioziemski, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 296 EP 302 PN 1 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551MC UT WOS:000175564600025 ER PT J AU Willms, RS Rabun, R AF Willms, RS Rabun, R TI US tritium activities SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB Since the last international tritium conference in 1995 the US continues its active interest in better understanding tritium and in using it safely and efficiently. US governmental tritium interests center around five major activities: 1) inertial confinement fusion, 2) fusion energy sciences (both magnetic and inertial), 3) tritium facility decontamination and decommissioning, 4) tritium production and 5) national defense applications. While the US interests have, roughly speaking, stayed the same, there have been significant changes in the US tritium community. There have been shifts in program emphases and changes in US tritium facilities with certain facilities either shutdown or being shutdown, and with new facilities under construction. This paper will provide an overview of the US tritium activities and associated facilities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Willms, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E-526,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800009 ER PT J AU Golubev, AV Belovodsky, LF Golubeva, VN Kosheleva, TA Kuznetsova, VF Mavrin, SV Surano, K Hoppes, W AF Golubev, AV Belovodsky, LF Golubeva, VN Kosheleva, TA Kuznetsova, VF Mavrin, SV Surano, K Hoppes, W TI Application of lichens for assessment of atmospheric pollution by tritium SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB It is known that lichens are used for assessment of atmosphere pollution by heavy metals, radioniclides, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, etc. However there were published in scientific literature only limited data on usage of lichens as bio-indicators of tritium (1,2). There are presented in the paper the results of lichen application study for assessment of atmospheric pollution by tritium. Both tritium in tissue free water (TFWT) and organically bound tritium (OBT) were measured in lichen. Lichen species Hypogimnia physodes was used as a basic bio-indicator. Pieces of lichen were sampled within the distance of 30 km of emission source. Established sampling sites were rectangular in shape with linear dimensions 100*100 in. Lichen samples were sampled from various trees: birch tree, aspen tree, pine tree and linden tree at the level of 1.5 in above the ground. Thermal vacuum desorption technique was used to extract TFWT from lichen samples. Pyrolitic oxidation of dried lichen samples by vanadium oxide was used to extract tritium from OBT. Air monitoring stations equipped with active and passive samplers were used to sample HT and HTO from the atmosphere. Liquid scintillation counting was used to measure tritium content in water samples. It was determined that tritium content in lichen samples (both in TFWT and OBT) in vicinity of an emission source is higher than that of tritium content in lichen at distant sampling sites. Variation of tritium activity of TFWT was about 10 times, variation of tritium activity in OBT was about 70 times. It was supposed that tritium content in TFWT was in equilibrium with tritium content in atmosphere at the minute of sampling, while tritium content in OBT was determined by tritium content in atmosphere over longer period of time. C1 VNIIEF, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607190, Nizhegorodsky R, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Golubev, AV (reprint author), VNIIEF, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Mira Prospect 37, Sarov 607190, Nizhegorodsky R, Russia. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 409 EP 412 PN 2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800022 ER PT J AU Klein, JE AF Klein, JE TI A summary of tritium in-bed accountability for 1500 liter LaNi4.25Al0.75 storage beds SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB In-bed accountability (IBA), a steady-state, flowing gas calorimetric method, has been implemented for production measurement of tritium inventories in metal hydride storage beds utilizing a LaNi4.25Al0.25 metal hydride alloy. Six-point calibration curves have been completed for six, nominal 390 gram, and two nominal 1310 gram tritium metal hydride storage beds. The equations used to calculate inventory errors are derived and presented in the Appendix. Beds with the same amount of insulation gave similar IBA calibration curves and bed temperature versus tritium inventory results. Tritium IBA inventory measurement errors varied slightly with bed inventory and maximum values at the 95% confidence level ranged from 4 to 9 grams for the 390 gram beds (1.1 to 2.6%) and from 8 to 13 grams for the 1310 gram beds (0.7 to 1.2%). Comparison of other methods for determining inventories on the same beds (hydride pressure, hydride bed temperature, and hydride bed temperature rise above the glove box temperature) showed the IBA method gave the highest accuracy tritium measurements. These other inventory methods also showed greater variability in measurement error over the range of tritium inventories. van't Hoff plots of hydride bed pressure under steady-state IBA conditions revealed a reduction in hydride pressure after several months of tritium service compared to other beds without tritium exposure. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 542 EP 550 PN 2 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800049 ER PT J AU Gentile, CA Parker, JJ Zweben, SJ AF Gentile, CA Parker, JJ Zweben, SJ TI In-situ imaging and quantification of tritium surface contamination via coherent fiber bundle SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) has developed a method of imaging tritium on in-situ surfaces for the purpose of real-time data collection. This method expands upon a previous tritium imaging concept, also developed at PPPL.(1) Enhancements include an objective lens coupled to the entry aperture of a coherent fiber optic (CFO) bundle, and a relay lens connecting the exit aperture of the fiber bundle to an intensifier tube and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera.(2) The system has been specifically fabricated for use in determining tritium concentrations on first wall materials. One potential complication associated with the development of D-T fueled fusion reactors is the deposition of tritium (i.e. co-deposited layer) on the surface of the primary wall of the vacuum vessel.(3) It would be advantageous to implement a process to accurately determine tritium distribution on these inner surfaces. This fiber optic imaging device provides a highly practical method for determining the location, concentration, and activity of surface tritium deposition. In addition, it can be employed for detection of tritium "hot-spots" and "hide-out" regions present on the surfaces being imaged. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 551 EP 554 PN 2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800050 ER PT J AU Anderl, RA Petti, DA McCarthy, KA Longhurst, GR AF Anderl, RA Petti, DA McCarthy, KA Longhurst, GR TI The safety and tritium applied research facility SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB The Safety and Tritium Applied Research (STAR) Facility has been established at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) and is designated as a National User Facility. STAR is designed for use by the fusion community to study tritium science and technology issues associated with the development of fusion technology. The facility tritium inventory limit is 16,000 Ci, allowing several simultaneous experiments requiring hundreds to a few thousand Ci per experiment. Experiments are conducted in gloveboxes. Current plans include research on tritium interactions with plasma facing materials; tritium behavior, corrosion and safety studies for molten fluoride salts; chemical reactivity of fusion materials; mobilization of activation products and characterization of dust/debris from fusion devices. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Anderl, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 568 EP 572 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800053 ER PT J AU Heung, LK Rhoden, ML AF Heung, LK Rhoden, ML TI Performance of a large-scale glovebox-stripper system SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID FACILITY AB A tritium stripping and recovery system that supports the operation of 800 m(3) of glovebox space is discussed. The system has been in successful operation since 1994. It continues to maintain the glovebox atmosphere at less than 0.1 Ci/m(3), and has recovered grams of tritium from accidental releases. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Heung, LK (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, 773-A Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 583 EP 587 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800056 ER PT J AU Cadwallader, LC Petti, DA AF Cadwallader, LC Petti, DA TI Deuterium and tritium safety issues in IFE target fabrication SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID HYDROGEN; FLAMMABILITY AB The current approach envisioned to fabricate targets for inertial fusion energy power plants is diffusion of a deuterium-tritium (D-T) gas mixture through the walls of the plastic shell targets at very high pressures (peaking at values up to 128 MPa) and modest temperatures (similar to 400 K). The use of high gas pressure during fabrication is required so that the D-T gas rapidly diffuses into the pellet, which enables the fabrication facility to satisfy the power plant's fueling requirements. D-T gas mixtures at such high pressures raise safety concerns that must be addressed in the design. The combustion of D and T in air is discussed in this paper, as well as high pressure gas hazards and possible means to mitigate these hazards. The US Department of Energy guidance on tritium handling and storage is summarized here. Issues of safety and reliability of various protection systems are also discussed to support designers in tradeoff analyses of confinement types. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cadwallader, LC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 635 EP 641 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800066 ER PT J AU Iwai, Y Nakamura, H Konishi, S Nishi, M Willms, RS AF Iwai, Y Nakamura, H Konishi, S Nishi, M Willms, RS TI Study on sudden loss of cryogenic coolant accident happened in the hydrogen isotope separation system for fusion reactor SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB Sudden loss of cryogenic helium coolant accident (ISS-LOCA) in the cryogenic distillation columns for the hydrogen isotope separation system (ISS) is one of the worst situations because it leads the evaporation of liquid hydrogen in the column. From this background, an intended ISS-LOCA test was conducted with an actual ITER-scale cryogenic distillation column. Sudden increase of internal pressure was not observed and enough time is found to recover the hydrogen isotope into a storage system if vacuum insulation is maintained and reboiler heaters are turned off immediately. In off-normal conditions, the rapid recovery of hydrogen in the column by an empty hydrogen storage bed is a reasonable hydrogen recovery scenario. Validity of the hydrogen recovery scenario was proved by a demonstration test. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iwai, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RI IWAI, Yasunori/G-3773-2011 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 668 EP 672 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800072 ER PT J AU Walters, RT Sessions, K Gentile, C Ciebiera, L AF Walters, RT Sessions, K Gentile, C Ciebiera, L TI Tritiated water on molecular sieve without hydrogen production SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB Several molecular sieve beds loaded with tritiated water failed to generate hydrogen gas from tritium self-radiolysis at the expected rate. Preliminary gamma-ray irradiation experiments of 4A molecular sieve with varying amounts of oxygen in the over-gas evoke a quenching mechanism. The data suggest that the gas phase rate constant for the production of hydrogen gas is several orders of magnitude smaller than the third order rate constant for scavenging of radical fragments by oxygen. For the production of hydrogen gas, the rate constant is calculated to be k(rx) = (19.6+/-4.5) sec(-1) under oxygen scavenging conditions. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Walters, RT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 685 EP 689 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800075 ER PT J AU Shu, WM Kawakubo, Y O'hira, S Oya, Y Hayashi, T Nakamura, H Iwai, Y Nishi, MF Gentile, CA Skinner, CH Langish, S Guttadora, G Carpe, A Young, KM AF Shu, WM Kawakubo, Y O'hira, S Oya, Y Hayashi, T Nakamura, H Iwai, Y Nishi, MF Gentile, CA Skinner, CH Langish, S Guttadora, G Carpe, A Young, KM TI Tritium decontamination of TFTR D-T plasma facing components using an ultra violet laser SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB Tritium decontamination of the surface of plasma facing components used during the deuterium-tritium (D-T) phase of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) was investigated using an ultra violet (UV) laser with a wavelength of 193 nm, a pulse energy of 200 mJ, a pulse duration of 25 ns and a beam size of 2.3 cm by 0.7 cm. Tritium was released immediately after,the samples were irradiated by the UV laser. An initial spike of tritium release was observed within 40 seconds for each of three types of TFTR D-T plasma facing components. Most of the decrease in surface tritium concentration occurred in the first minute of UV laser irradiation. In a second experiment, the UV laser was focused to irradiate the deposited layers on JT-60 graphite tile that had experienced hydrogen plasma operation. The effective absorption coefficient and the ablation threshold for the JT-60 codeposits; irradiated by the UV laser were determined to be 1.9 mum(-1) and 1.0 J/cm(2), respectively. An erosion rate of 1.1 mum/pulse was reached at a laser energy density of 7.6 J/cm(2). C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shu, WM (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 690 EP 694 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800076 ER PT J AU Gentile, CA Parker, JJ Guttadora, GL AF Gentile, CA Parker, JJ Guttadora, GL TI Oxidative decontamination of tritiated materials employing ozone gas SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory has developed a process by which to significantly reduce surface and near surface tritium contamination from various materials. The Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System (OTDS) reacts gaseous state ozone (accelerated by presence of catalyst), with tritium entrained/deposited on the surface of components (stainless steel, copper, plastics, ceramics, etc.) for the purpose of activity reduction by means of oxidation-reduction chemistry.(1) In addition to removing surface and near surface tritium contamination from (high monetary value) components for re-use in non-tritium environments, the OTDS has the capability of removing tritium from the surfaces of expendable items, which can then be disposed of in a less expensive fashion. The OTDS can be operated in a batch mode by which up to approximately 20kg of tritium contaminated (expendable) items can be processed and decontaminated to levels permissible for free release (< 16.66Bq/100cm(2)). This paper will discuss the OTDS process, the level of tritium surface contamination removed from various materials, and a technique for "deep scrubbing" tritium from subsurface layers. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gentile, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 700 EP 705 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800078 ER PT J AU Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Guttadora, G Carpe, A Langish, S Young, KM Nishi, M Shu, W AF Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Guttadora, G Carpe, A Langish, S Young, KM Nishi, M Shu, W TI Tritium removal by laser heating and its application to Tokamaks SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID EROSION AB A novel laser heating technique has recently been applied to removing tritium from carbon tiles that had been exposed to deuterium-tritium plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). A continuous wave neodymium laser, of power up to 300 watts, was used to heat the surface of the tiles. The beam was focussed to an intensity, typically 8 kW/cm(2), and rapidly scanned over the tile surface by galvanometer driven scanning mirrors. Under the laser irradiation, the surface temperature increased dramatically, and temperatures up to 2,300 degreesC were recorded by an optical pyrometer. Tritium was released and circulated in a closed loop system to an ionization chamber that measured the tritium concentration. Most of the tritium (up to 84%) could be released by the laser scan. This technique appears promising for tritium removal in a next step DT device as it avoids oxidation, the associated deconditioning of the plasma facing surfaces, and the expense of processing large quantities of tritium oxide. Some engineering aspects of the implementation of this method in a next step fusion device will be discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. JAERI, Tritium Engn Lab, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 716 EP 720 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800081 ER PT J AU Heung, LK AF Heung, LK TI Design of metal hydride vessels for processing tritium SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID STORAGE AB Metal hydrides offer safe, compact and efficient ways to process tritium in areas including storage, pumping, compression, transportation and purification. Westinghouse at Savannah River Site in USA has developed and implemented metal hydride based technology for various tritium applications over the past 20 years. This paper presents our experience in designing different types of metal hydride vessels for tritium processing. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Heung, LK (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, 773-A Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 753 EP 757 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800088 ER PT J AU Klein, JE AF Klein, JE TI A 1600 liter tritium hydride storage vessel SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID URANIUM AB Titanium was selected for evaluation as a tritium storage material. Titanium-deuterium desorption isotherm data at 550, 600, 649, 700, and 760degreesC are presented and were used to evaluate storage vessel design loading limits. Two prototype Hydride Storage Vessels (HSVs) containing a nominal 4400 grams of Ergenics HY-STOR 106(TM) titanium sponge were tested to determine activation, loading, and desorption conditions. HSV titanium activation was performed using two methods. The first was vacuum evacuation using stepped temperature holds up to 600degreesC. The second, and preferable method, was a dry gas purge for several hours at up to 350degreesC followed by heated evacuations at temperatures up to 600degreesC. The vessels were allowed to sit idle after activation for five days before loading to determine the quality of the activation process. HSV gas loadings were performed through the process tube inserted into the hydride at 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 SLPM, and under conditions to simulate direct loading from a 1500 liter process tank. Temperature measurements made at various locations around the vessel showed the internal maximum temperature ranged from 500degreesC to 700degreesC and varied with loading rate. Maximum external temperatures ranged from 300degreesC at 5 SLPM to 400degreesC at 20 SLPM. Loading the HSV at 20 SLPM from the tube above the level of the hydride generated at maximum internal temperature of 800degreesC. HSV desorptions were done under a variety of vacuum conditions at temperatures up to 700degreesC. HSV desorption/gas removal was greatly reduced at temperatures below 700degreesC, the use of one instead of both process tubes, and the choice of vacuum pumps. Integration of mass flow data was considered a more reliable method of determining HSV gas inventory than the use of titanium isotherm data. Up to 84 vol% of the gas inventory can be removed from the HSV by desorption in 24 hours, but tritium removal by isotopic exchange will be needed for vessel disposal-even if longer evacuation times were used. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 764 EP 775 PN 2 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800090 ER PT J AU Klein, JE Wermer, JR AF Klein, JE Wermer, JR TI Isotopic exchange for metal hydride bed disposal SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB For metal hydride bed disposal, tritium can be exchanged or replaced with deuterium or protium through successive dilution and removal. Analytical expressions are derived to describe the batch isotopic exchange process for metal hydrides with and without isotopic separation by the hydride. For the case without isotopic separation and the hydride being desorbed to the same gas inventory each exchange cycle, simple mathematical expressions are obtained. These equations can be used to estimate the number of exchange cycles needed to reduce the tritium content of a hydride to the desired inventory. Isotopic exchange predictions agreed with experimental results for La-Ni-Al alloys and titanium hydrides. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 776 EP 781 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800091 ER PT J AU Klein, JE Brenner, JR Dyer, EF AF Klein, JE Brenner, JR Dyer, EF TI Development of a PAssively Cooled, Electrically heated hydride (PACE) Bed SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID TRITIUM AB A nominal 1500 STP-L (PA) under bar ssively (C) under bar ooled, (E) under bar lectrically heated hydride (PACE) Bed has been developed and tested. The bed contained 12.6 kg of a LaNi-Al alloy and used aluminum foam to improve heat transfer within the bed. Steady-state temperature measurements made at constant power showed a non-uniform bed temperature profile. Protium absorption rates were measured at pressures of 253 kPa, 413 kPa, and 680 kPa with forced convection cooling air flow rates ranging from 50 to 150 SLPM air. Absorption tests were also performed simulating the absorption of tritium and a method for estimating this rate using protium absorption data presented. Desorption rates were measured at pressures ranging from 20 kPa to 933 kPa using dual and single 400 watt electric heaters and found desorption rates were only impacted at the beginning and the end of a desorption cycle by the use of a single heater. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 782 EP 787 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800092 ER PT J AU Petti, DA Anderl, RA Smolik, GR Sze, DK Terai, T Tanaka, S AF Petti, DA Anderl, RA Smolik, GR Sze, DK Terai, T Tanaka, S TI Jupiter-II Flibe tritium/chemistry and safety experimental program SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN AB The second Japan/US Program on Irradiation Tests for Fusion Research (JUPITER-II) began on April 1, 2001. Part of the collaborative research centers on studies of the molten salt 2LiF-BeF2 (also known as Flibe) for fusion applications. Flibe has been proposed as a self-cooled breeder in both magnetic and inertial fusion power plant designs over the last twenty years. The key feasibility issues associated with the use of Flibe are the corrosion of structural material by the molten salt, tritium control in the molten salt blanket system, and safe handling practices and releases from Flibe during an accidental spill. An overview of the experimental program to address the key feasibility issues is presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Quantum Engn & Syst Sci, Tokyo, Japan. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 807 EP 811 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800097 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Gentile, CA Skinner, CH AF Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Gentile, CA Skinner, CH TI Characterization of carbon tritide particles in a Tokamak Fusion Reactor SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID DUST; LUNG AB Amorphous tritiated carbon films are formed through co-deposition of the radioactive isotope tritium (H-3 or T) with carbon onto plasma facing surfaces in fusion plasmas The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), operated by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, was fueled by tritium and deuterium neutral beam injection and gas puffing. Tritium was co-deposited as amorphous hydrogenated carbon onto graphite tiles and stainless steel surfaces inside the reactor. Since termination of plasma operations, carbon tritide particles have remained in the air in the vessel. Dosimetric limits for occupational exposure to carbon tritide particles need to be established. The purpose of this study was to characterize carbon tritide particle samples inside the TFTR in terms of size, self-absorption of tritium beta, and dissolution rate in simulated lung fluid. Dose estimates of the inhaled carbon tritide particles can be calculated based on the dissolution rate, particle size, and self-absorption factor. The count median diameter and geometric standard deviation were 1.23 mum and 1.72, respectively, indicating that they are respirable particles and can stay suspended in the air for a longer time. The dissolution rate in the lung-simulated fluid was determined in a static system. The dissolution rate ranged from 10(-1)-10(-3) per day in the first few hours, then it decreased to between 10(-3) and 10(-4). The retention curve of tritium in carbon indicated that >90% of the tritium remained in the particles after 110 d in the simulated lung fluid. This information is being used to support the establishment of respiratory protection requirements. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Cheng, YS (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 867 EP 871 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800109 ER PT J AU Paffett, MT Willms, RS Gentile, CA Skinner, CH AF Paffett, MT Willms, RS Gentile, CA Skinner, CH TI Surface characterization of TFTR first wall graphite tiles used during DT operations SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID DEPTH AB Surface characterization studies were performed on graphite tiles used as first wall materials during DT operation of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. These ex situ analysis studies revealed a number of interesting and unexpected features. In this work we examined the spatial and (where possible) the depth distribution of impurity species deposited onto the plasma facing surfaces using Xray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Paffett, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 934 EP 938 PN 2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800123 ER PT J AU Willms, RS Gentile, C Rule, K Than, C Williams, P AF Willms, RS Gentile, C Rule, K Than, C Williams, P TI Mathematical comparison of three tritium system effluent HTO cleanup systems SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID DESIGN AB It is important that air emissions from tritium systems be kept as low as reasonably achievable. Thus, over the years a number of gas detritiation systems have been developed. Recently there has been interest in lower-cost, simpler systems which do not convert HT to the much more hazardous HTO form. Examples of such systems are 1) a bubbler/dehumidifier, 2) a bubbler/collector, and 3) an adsorber/collector. A computer model of each configuration was written and run. Each system's performance, including tritium buildup in liquid water, and tritium exhausted to the environment, are presented and compared. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Willms, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 974 EP 980 PN 2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800131 ER PT J AU Klein, JE AF Klein, JE TI Saes (R) ST909 bench scale methane cracking tests SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID TRITIUM-LABORATORY KARLSRUHE; FLOW PROCESSES; ALLOY; PURIFICATION; GETTERS AB Bench scale methane cracking tests have been completed using a stack of ten SAES(R) St909 pellets. Baseline test conditions were five percent methane in helium at ten sccm, 101 kPa (760 torr), and 700degreesC. Changes from baseline conditions varied temperature, pressure, flow rate, and carrier gas composition to include hydrogen and nitrogen. Methane cracking efficiency (epsilon(M)) decreased with decreasing temperature and pressure. Faster gas feed rates decreased epsilon(M), but cracked more methane. Introducing hydrogen, nitrogen, or ammonia into the feed gas reduced epsilon(M), but ammonia was still cracked at high efficiencies. epsilon(M) was further decreased when both nitrogen and hydrogen were in the carrier gas compared to using a carrier of only nitrogen or hydrogen. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Klein, JE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, LLC, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 998 EP 1003 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800135 ER PT J AU Young, JS Sherman, RH Willms, RS Iwai, Y Nishi, M AF Young, JS Sherman, RH Willms, RS Iwai, Y Nishi, M TI Steady-state computer modeling of a recent H-D-T cryogenic distillation experiment at TSTA SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Tritium Science and Technology CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPE-SEPARATION; DYNAMIC SIMULATION; SYSTEM AB Cryogenic distillation is the only technique with the capacity to handle the hydrogen isotope separation requirements of a fusion power plant. However, there are safety and cost considerations associated with the considerable tritium inventory that can accumulate in such an isotope separation system (ISS). The ISS must be able to reliably produce specified products while responding to varying input streams. To design an ISS that balances all of these considerations and operate it reliably, it is essential to have a computer model of the system. This allows for a better understanding of the system and the exploration of various parameter regions that would otherwise require very expensive experimentation. The value of such a model, however, is questionable until it is validated by comparison with actual experiments Recently, as part of the Annex IV US/Japan collaboration, a series of tests were conducted on the ISS system at the Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) located at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This system has a fusion power plant-relevant capacity of 6 SLPM (standard liters per minute). These experiments employed light hydrogen (protium), deuterium and tritium. Conditions at five steady state conditions were measured. The measurements included concentration measurements at the column feed, top and bottom, and also at intermediate points. These measurements served as a benchmark for comparison to DYNSIM, the model that has been in use at LANL for many years(dagger) This model was able to accurately predict the column concentration profile based on the measured pressure, temperature, reboiler heat, feed composition and flows for a set of significantly different operating conditions. These results impart confidence that the model is useful for future ISS design and for better understanding of existing system operations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Willms, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1131 EP 1136 PN 2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 551ME UT WOS:000175564800161 ER PT J AU Scorilas, A Levesque, MA Ashworth, LK Diamandis, EP AF Scorilas, A Levesque, MA Ashworth, LK Diamandis, EP TI Cloning, physical mapping and structural characterization of the human alpha(A)-adaptin gene SO GENE LA English DT Article DE adaptin; adaptor; human; gene mapping; R-ras; BC12-like 12; interferon regulatory factor 3; gene sequence ID GENOMIC ORGANIZATION; ALPHA-ADAPTIN; HORMONAL-REGULATION; TISSUE EXPRESSION; PROTEIN COMPLEX; FAMILY; MEMBER; SEQUENCES; SIGNALS; BINDING AB Adaptins are major structural components of heterotetrameric protein complexes called adaptors, which are involved in intracellular receptor transport via clathrin-coated vesicles. In mice, one of these adaptins has been shown to be encoded by two genes, alpha(A)-adaptin and alpha(C)-adaptin, the former of which is expressed as two alternatively spliced transcripts. Using positional cloning gene approaches, we were able to identify the human alpha(A)-adaptin gene, which consists of 24 exons spanning over 40 kb on chromosome 19q13.3 between the loci of the R-ras gene and the polynucleotide kinase phosphatase gene. The novel gene encodes a 977 amino acid, 107.6 kDa protein with 98% amino acid sequence identity to its murine ortholog. Human alpha(A)-adaptin is expressed as a full-length transcript in forebrain, skeletal muscle, spinal cord, cerebellum, salivary gland, heart and colon. It is also ubiquitously expressed in tissues and in ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells and LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells as a smaller variant generated by splicing out of an exon encoding 22 amino acids in the hinge region of the protein. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. IPC, Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Athens 15310, Greece. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Diamandis, EP (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 289 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 199 AR PII S0378-1119(02)00504-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00504-8 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 591EP UT WOS:000177867000022 PM 12036598 ER PT J AU Loots, GG Ovcharenko, I Pachter, L Dubchak, I Rubin, EM AF Loots, GG Ovcharenko, I Pachter, L Dubchak, I Rubin, EM TI rVista for comparative sequence-based discovery of functional transcription factor binding sites SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENTS; ACTIVATED T-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR FACTOR; NONCODING SEQUENCES; INTERLEUKIN-5 GENE; DNA-SEQUENCE; IL-5 GENE; NF-Y AB Identifying transcriptional regulatory elements represents a significant challenge in annotating the genomes of hi.-her vertebrates. We have developed a computational tool, rVISTA, for high-throughput discovery of cis-regulatory elements that combines clustering of predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and the analysis of interspecies sequence conservation to maximize the identification of functional sites. To assess the ability Of rVISTA to discover true positive TFBSs while minimizing the prediction of false positives, we analyzed the distribution of several TFBSs across I Mb of the well-annotated cytokine gene cluster (Hs5q31; Mmll). Because a large number of AP-I, NFAT, and GATA-3 sites have been experimentally identified in this interval, we focused our analysis on the distribution of all binding sites specific for these transcription factors. The exploitation of the orthologous human-mouse dataset resulted in the elimination of >95% of the similar to58,000 binding sites predicted on analysis of the human sequence alone, whereas it identified 88% of the experimentally verified binding sites in this region. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Supercomp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Loots, GG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 329 Z9 341 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 832 EP 839 DI 10.1101/gr.225502 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 551JE UT WOS:000175556500018 PM 11997350 ER PT J AU Isaure, MP Laboudigue, A Manceau, A Sarret, G Tiffreau, C Trocellier, P Lamble, G Hazemann, JL Chateigner, D AF Isaure, MP Laboudigue, A Manceau, A Sarret, G Tiffreau, C Trocellier, P Lamble, G Hazemann, JL Chateigner, D TI Quantitative Zn speciation in a contaminated dredged sediment by mu-PIXE, mu-SXRF, EXAFS spectroscopy and principal component analysis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; ZINC SPECIATION; POLARIZED EXAFS; FINE-STRUCTURE; LEAD; SOILS; SOLUBILITY; WATERS; IRON AB Dredging and disposal of sediments onto agricultural soils is a common practice in industrial and urban areas that can be hazardous to the environment when the sediments contain heavy metals, This chemical hazard can be assessed by evaluating the mobility and speciation of metals after sediment deposition, In this study, the speciation of Zn in the coarse (500 to 2000 mum) and fine <2 mum) fractions of a contaminated sediment dredged from a ship canal in northern France and deposited on an agricultural soil was determined by physical analytical techniques on raw and chemically treated samples. Zn partitioning between coexisting mineral phases and its chemical associations were first determined by micro-particle-induced X-ray emission and micro-synchrotron-based X-ray radiation fluorescence. Zn-containing mineral species were then identified by X-ray diffraction and powder and polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAF). The number, nature. and proportion of Zn species were obtained by a coupled principal component analysis (PCA) and least squares fitting (LSF) procedure, applied herein for the first time to qualitatively (number and nature of species) and quantitatively (relative proportion of species) speciate a metal in a natural system. The coarse fraction consists of slag grains originating from nearby Zn smelters. In this fraction, Zn is primarily present as sphalerite (ZnS) and to a lesser extent as willemite (Zn2SiO4), Zn-containing ferric (oxyhydr)oxides. and zincite (ZnO). In the fine fraction, ZnS and Zn-containing Fe (oxyhydr)oxides are the major forms. and Zn-containing phyllosilicate is the minor species. Weathering of ZnS, Zn2SiO4, and ZnO under oxidizing conditions after the sediment disposal accounts for the uptake of Zn by Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and phyllosilicates, Two geochemical processes can explain the retention of Zn by secondary minerals: uptake on preexisting minerals and precipitation with dissolved Fe and Si. The second process likely occurs because dissolved Zn and Si are supersaturated with respect to Zn phyllosilicate. EXAFS spectroscopy, in combination with PCA and LSF, is shown to be a meaningful approach to quantitatively determining the speciation of trace elemems in sediments and soils. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNRSSP, F-59505 Douai, France. CNRS, CEA, Lab Pierre Sue, Ctr Etudes Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maine Le Mans, LPEC, F-72085 Le Mans, France. RP Manceau, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM manceau@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Chateigner, Daniel/A-7654-2008; Laboudigue, Agnes/B-9025-2013; Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012; Sarret, Geraldine/I-2797-2016 OI Chateigner, Daniel/0000-0001-7792-8702; NR 58 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1549 EP 1567 AR PII S0016-7037(01)00875-4 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00875-4 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 546TT UT WOS:000175291000005 ER PT J AU Giambalvo, ER Steefel, CI Fisher, AT Rosenberg, ND Wheat, CG AF Giambalvo, ER Steefel, CI Fisher, AT Rosenberg, ND Wheat, CG TI Effect of fluid-sediment reaction on hydrothermal fluxes of major elements, eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN SEDIMENTS; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PORE WATERS; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; EARLY DIAGENESIS; BIOGENIC SILICA; MARIANA MOUNDS AB On the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, reaction between upwelling basement fluid and sediment alters hydrothermal fluxes of Ca, SiO2(aq), SO4, PO4, NH4, and alkalinity. We used the Global Implicit Multicomponent Reactive Transport (GIMRT) code to model the processes occurring in the sediment column (diagenesis, sediment burial, fluid advection, and multicomponent diffusion) and to estimate net seafloor fluxes of solutes. Within the sediment section, the reactions controlling the concentrations of the solutes listed above are organic matter degradation via SO, reduction, dissolution of amorphous silica, reductive dissolution of amorphous Fe(III)-(hydr)oxide, and precipitation of calcite, carbonate fluorapatite, and amorphous Fe(II)-sulfide. Rates of specific discharge estimated from pore-water Mg profiles are 2 to 3 mm/yr. At this site the basement hydrothermal system is a source of NH4, SiO2(aq), and Ca, and a sink of SO4, PO4, and alkalinity. Reaction within the sediment column increases the hydrothermal sources of NH4 and SiO2(aq), increases the hydrothermal sinks of SO4 and PO4, and decreases the hydrothermal source of Ca. Reaction within the sediment column has a spatially variable effect on the hydrothermal flux of alkalinity. Because the model we used was capable of simulating the observed pore-water chemistry by using mechanistic descriptions of the biogeochemical processes occuring in the sediment column, it could be used to examine the physical controls on hydrothermal fluxes of solutes in this setting. Two series of simulations in which we varied fluid flow rate (1 to 100 mm/yr) and sediment thickness (10 to 100 m) predict that given the reactions modeled in this study, the sediment section will contribute most significantly to fluxes of SO4 and NH4 at slow flow rates and intermediate sediment thickness and to fluxes of SiO2(aq) at slow flow rates and large sediment thickness. Reaction within the sediment section could approximately double the hydrothermal sink of PO4 over a range of flow rates and sediment thickness, and could slightly decrease (by less than or equal to10%) the size of the hydrothermal source of Ca. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Tecton, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Alaska, Global Undersea Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Giambalvo, ER (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Fisher, Andrew/A-1113-2016 NR 89 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1739 EP 1757 AR PII S0016-7037(01)00878-X DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00878-X PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 551TF UT WOS:000175577200005 ER PT J AU Xirouchakis, D Draper, DS Schwandt, CS Lanzirotti, A AF Xirouchakis, D Draper, DS Schwandt, CS Lanzirotti, A TI Crystallization conditions of Los Angeles, a basaltic Martian meteorite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FE-TI OXIDES; OXYGEN FUGACITY; EQUILIBRIA; SHERGOTTITE; PYROXENES; OLIVINE; QUARTZ; PRESSURES; PETROLOGY; SYSTEMS AB The texture of Los Angeles (stone 1) is dominated by relatively large (0.5-2.0 mm) anhedral to subhedral grains of pyroxene, and generally subhedral to euhedral shocked plagioclase feldspar (maskelynite). Minor phases include subhedral titanomagnetite and ilmenite, Fe-rich olivine, olivine+augite-dominated symplectites [some of which include a Si-rich phase and some which do not], pyrrhotite, phosphate(s), and an impact shock-related alkali- and silica-rich glass closely associated with anhedral to euhedral silica grains. Observations and model calculations indicate that the initial crystallization of Mg-rich pigeonitic pyroxenes at less than or equal to1150 degreesC, probably concomitantly with plagioclase, was followed by pigeonitic and augitic compositions between 1100 and 1050 degreesC whereas between 1050 and 920 to 905 degreesC pyroxene of single composition crystallized. Below 920 to 905 degreesC, single composition Fe-rich clinopyroxene exsolved to augite and pigeonite. Initial appearance of titanomagnetite probably occurred near 990 degreesC and FMQ-1.5 whereas at and below 990 degreesC and greater than or equal toFMQ-1.5 titanomagnetite and single composition Fe-rich clinopyroxene may have started to react, producing ilmenite and olivine. However, judging from the most common titanomagnetite compositions, we infer that most of this reaction likely occurred between 950 and 900 degreesC at FMQ-1.0 +/- 0.2 and nearly simultaneously with pyroxene exsolution, thus producing assemblages of pigeonite, titanomagnetite, olivine, ilmenite, and augite. We deem this reaction as the most plausible explanation for the formation of the olivine+augite-dominated symplectites in Los Angeles. But we cannot preclude possible contributions to the symplectites from the shock-related alkali- and silica-rich glass or shocked plagioclase, and the breakdown of Fe-rich pigeonite compositions to olivine+augite+silica below 900 degreesC. Reactions between Fe-Ti oxides and silicate minerals in Los Angeles and other similar basaltic Martian meteorites can control the T-fO(2) equilibration path during cooling, which may better explain the relative differences in fO(2) among the basaltic Martian meteorites. Copyright (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA JSC, Off Astromat Res, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Texas So Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Chicago, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xirouchakis, D (reprint author), NASA JSC, Off Astromat Res, Mail Code SA13, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 47 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 10 BP 1867 EP 1880 AR PII S0016-7037(01)00892-4 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00892-4 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 551TF UT WOS:000175577200013 ER PT J AU Owen, LA Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Gualtieri, L AF Owen, LA Finkel, RC Caffee, MW Gualtieri, L TI Timing of multiple late Quaternary glaciations in the Hunza Valley, Karakoram Mountains, northern Pakistan: Defined by cosmogenic radionuclide dating of moraines SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cosmogenic radionuclide dating; glaciation; Hunza Valley; Karakoram Mountains; southwest Asian summer monsoon ID PRODUCTION-RATES; LAHUL-HIMALAYA; EROSION RATES; BE-10; AL-26; CLIMATE; NUCLIDES; ICE; CALIBRATION; SEDIMENTS AB Moraines and associated landforms in the upper Hunza Valley, Karakoram Mountains, northern Pakistan, provide an excellent record of multiple glaciations. During the late Quaternary, glaciers advanced at least eight times. By using Be-10 and Al-26 surface-exposure dating on moraine boulders and scoured bedrock, we determined the timing of glaciation for four of these glacial advances: ca. 54.7-43.2 ka (Borit Jheel glacial stage), ca. 25.7-21.8 ka (Ghulkin I glacial stage), ca. 18.4-15.3 ka (Ghulkin 11 glacial stage), and ca. 10.8-9.0 ka (Batura glacial stage). For two of the older advances, the Yunz and Shanoz glacial stages, our data set a limit of >60 ka. Although, at present, the uncertainties in dating make it impossible to describe unequivocally the climate processes controlling glaciations in the Hunza Valley, the results suggest that precipitation changes related to oscillations in the southwest Asian monsoonal system combine with cooling that is broadly associated with Heinrich events to cause glacial advances in this region. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 66 TC 119 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 114 IS 5 BP 593 EP 604 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0593:TOMLQG>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 551UE UT WOS:000175579500007 ER PT J AU Kohn, MJ Catlos, EJ Ryerson, FJ Harrison, TM AF Kohn, MJ Catlos, EJ Ryerson, FJ Harrison, TM TI Pressure-temperature-time path discontinuity in the Main Central thrust zone, Central Nepal: Reply SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOBAROMETRIC CONSTRAINTS; INVERTED METAMORPHISM; HIMALAYA; EVOLUTION C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kohn, MJ (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Catlos, Elizabeth/B-7943-2011; Harrison, Timothy/E-7443-2012; Kohn, Matthew/A-2562-2012; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 480 EP 481 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0480:R>2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Geology SC Geology GA 551UC UT WOS:000175579300024 ER PT J AU Fein, JB Fowle, DA Cahill, J Kemner, K Boyanov, M Bunker, B AF Fein, JB Fowle, DA Cahill, J Kemner, K Boyanov, M Bunker, B TI Nonmetabolic reduction of Cr(VI) by bacterial surfaces under nutrient-absent conditions SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacteria; chromium; kinetics; reduction; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID CATALYZED CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTION; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ADSORPTION; CULTURES; SORPTION; STRAIN; LB300 AB We have measured the ability of nonmetabolizing cells of the bacterial species Bacillus subtilis; Sporosarcina ureae, and Shewanella putrefaciens to reduce aqueous Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the absence of externally supplied electron donors. Each species can remove significant amounts of Cr(VI) from solution, and the Cr(VI) reduction rate is strongly dependent on solution pH. The fastest reduction rates occur under acidic conditions, with decreasing rates with increasing pH. XANES data demonstrate that Cr( VI) reduction to Cr( III) occurs within the experimental systems. Control experiments indicate that the Cr removal is not a purely adsorptive process. Reduction appears to occur at the cell wall, and is not coupled to the oxidation of bacterial organic exudates. Detailed kinetic data suggest that the reduction involves at least a two-stage process, involving an initial rapid removal mechanism followed by a slower process that follows first-order reaction kinetics. Due to the prevalence of nonmetabolizing cells and cell wall fragments in soils and deeper geologic environments, our results suggest that the observed nonmetabolic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) may significantly affect the environmental distribution of Cr in bacteria-bearing systems. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL USA. RP Fein, JB (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Fowle, David/B-1074-2008; Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1080/01490450290098423 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 562HE UT WOS:000176190700004 ER PT J AU Pasyanos, ME Walter, WR AF Pasyanos, ME Walter, WR TI Crust and upper-mantle structure of North Africa, Europe and the Middle East from inversion of surface waves SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE crust; Europe; Middle East; North Africa; surface waves; upper mantle ID RECEIVER FUNCTIONS; VELOCITIES; DISPERSION; EARTH; MODEL AB We estimate the crust and upper-mantle seismic velocity structure in North Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East using our surface-wave dispersion tomography results from a previous study. The surface wave tomography study provided high-resolution coverage across the region from more than 6800 Rayleigh and 3800 Love wave paths over the period range from 10-60 s. We have also included additional tomography results from 65 to 120 s. The tomography model provides average Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves for each 2degreesx 2degrees block in the region. We use these results to determine velocity structure by fitting the synthetic curves from simplified crust and upper-mantle models to the tomographic data for each block via a grid search. The grid search technique was chosen in order to map out the complete error space and to easily incorporate other data sets or a priori information. The initial grid search is conducted over sediment thickness, crustal velocity, crustal thickness, and upper-mantle velocity. To keep the grid search computationally reasonable, other parameters are held fixed (sediment velocity, Poisson's ratios, and density). Despite the well-known trade-off between crustal thickness and crustal velocity that occurs when fitting surface wave data, the initial grid search is quite successful in retrieving first order features, such as ocean-continent crustal thickness differences and crustal thickening in all but the oldest orogenic zones. We can resolve major sedimentary basins, active ridges, and see differences based on crustal age (e.g. Archean cratons vs Phanarozoic crust). To better control the trade-off inherent in fitting group velocity curves, we also explore using other information to better constrain the grid searches. In particular, we use a global sediment depth and velocity model to fix those parameters and a regional P (n) tomography to constrain the upper-mantle velocities. In this constrained grid search, we vary crustal thickness, upper and lower crustal velocities, and upper-mantle Poisson's ratio. This produces a somewhat better fit to the dispersion curves while simultaneously satisfying several datasets. While there are many similarities in the unconstrained and constrained model results, overall we believe the constrained grid search model is a better representation of reality. Finally, we compare and contrast our preferred velocity model with a number of other published models for this region. Within the resolution of the various models, they appear to be similar. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pasyanos, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, POB 808,L-205, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pasyanos1@llnl.gov RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP 463 EP 481 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01663.x PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549JT UT WOS:000175441300016 ER PT J AU Bertete-Aguirre, H Cherkaev, E Oristaglio, M AF Bertete-Aguirre, H Cherkaev, E Oristaglio, M TI Non-smooth gravity problem with total variation penalization functional SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE gravity; inverse problem; optimization; regularization; total variation ID INVERSION; REGULARIZATION AB This work deals with reconstruction of non-smooth solutions of the inverse gravimetric problem. This inverse problem is very ill-posed, its solution is non-unique and unstable. The stable inversion method requires regularization. Regularization methods commonly used in geophysics reconstruct smooth solutions even though geological structures often have sharp contrasts (discontinuities) in properties. This is the result of using a quadratic penalization term as a stabilizing functional. We introduce the total variation of the reconstructed model as a stabilizing functional that does not penalize sharp features of the solution. This approach permits reconstruction of (non-smooth) density functions that represent blocky geological structures. An adaptive gradient scheme is shown to be effective in solving the regularized inverse problem. Numerically simulated examples consisting of models with several homogeneous blocks illustrate the behaviour of the method. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Math, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Schlumberger Doll Res Ctr, Ridgefield, CT 06877 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-206, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM elena@math.utah.edu NR 34 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01664.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 549JT UT WOS:000175441300019 ER PT J AU Liemohn, MW Kozyra, JU Hairston, MR Weimer, DR Lu, G Ridley, AJ Zurbuchen, TH Skoug, RM AF Liemohn, MW Kozyra, JU Hairston, MR Weimer, DR Lu, G Ridley, AJ Zurbuchen, TH Skoug, RM TI Consequences of a saturated convection electric field on the ring current SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP POTENTIALS; IONOSPHERE; MODEL; DST AB [1] Results from kinetic simulations of hot ion transport in the inner magnetosphere are used to show that the ring current energy content must have a nonlinear (asymptotic) coupling relationship to extreme solar wind conditions due to saturation of the near-Earth convection electric field E-y,E-conv (defined as a function of cross polar cap potential DeltaPhi(PC)). This study examines the Bastille Day magnetic storm (July 14-17, 2000), where the z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field reached -58 nT and the solar wind speed exceeded 1100 km s(-1). A large discrepancy in the modeled DeltaPhi(PC) confirms a nonlinear response of the high-latitude potential during this event. It is found that this nonlinearity of E-y,E-conv is necessary to obtain reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the observed geoeffectiveness (Dst) of the storm. C1 Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liemohn, MW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM liemohn@umich.edu; hairston@utdallas.edu; dweimer@mrcnh.com; ganglu@ucar.edu; rskoug@lanl.gov RI Lu, Gang/A-6669-2011; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 AR 1348 DI 10.1029/2001GL014270 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DH UT WOS:000178888000015 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Elliott, HA Gosling, JT Reisenfeld, DB Skoug, RM Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Balogh, A AF McComas, DJ Elliott, HA Gosling, JT Reisenfeld, DB Skoug, RM Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Balogh, A TI Ulysses' second fast-latitude scan: Complexity near solar maximum and the reformation of polar coronal holes SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WIND; STREAM; SPECTROMETER; SOUTHERN; FLUX AB [1] Ulysses' second fast latitude scan, near solar maximum, comprises a complicated mixture of solar wind flows from a variety of sources at high southern as well as low heliolatitudes. In contrast, observations northward of similar to40degrees N show the reformation of relatively steady fast solar wind flows, which are virtually indistinguishable from the polar coronal hole winds observed at high latitudes over Ulysses' first orbit. These high-speed flows predominantly display the opposite magnetic polarity from that observed in the northern hemisphere during the previous orbit, indicating that the Sun's dipole has reversed. The recent restructuring of the high-latitude solar wind, so soon after solar maximum, suggests that the heliospheric chaos around maximum occupies a unique and relatively shorter-lived portion of the solar cycle with the majority of the cycle maintaining the simple bimodal solar wind structure associated with large, persistent polar coronal holes. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM dmccomas@swri.edu; helliott@swri.edu; jgosling@lanl.gov; dreisen@lanl.gov; rskoug@lanl.gov; bgoldstein@jplsp.jpl.nasa.gov; mneugeb@jplsp.jpl.nasa.gov; a.balogh@ic.ac.uk RI Reisenfeld, Daniel/F-7614-2015 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 AR 1290 DI 10.1029/2001GL014164 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DH UT WOS:000178888000072 ER PT J AU Song, Y Kim, HJ Lee, KH AF Song, Y Kim, HJ Lee, KH TI An integral equation representation of wide-band electromagnetic scattering by thin sheets SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB efficient, accurate numerical modeling scheme has been developed, based on the integral equation solution to compute electromagnetic (EM) responses of thin sheets over a wide frequency band. The thin-sheet approach is useful for simulating the EM response of a fracture system in the earth. The focus of this development has been the accuracy of the numerical solution over a wide-band frequency range of up to 100 MHz. The effect of displacement currents is included to correctly evaluate high-frequency EM scattering. Currently, EM responses of two thin sheets with different geometrical and electrical properties embedded in a three-layer earth can be modeled over a frequency band of 10(-3) to 10(8) Hz. The layered earth and the sheets can be electrically dispersive, an important feature that allows analysis of frequency-dependent characteristics of the model under investigation. The source field can be generated by a remote or local electric or magnetic dipole located on the surface or in a borehole. A plane-wave source can also be used, and numerical analyses have been made for magnetotellurics and the high-frequency impedance method. C1 Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geo Imaging Lab, Yusung Gu, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Explorat Engn, Nam Gu, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, Y (reprint author), Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geo Imaging Lab, Yusung Gu, 30 Kajung Dong, Taejon 305350, South Korea. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 746 EP 754 DI 10.1190/1.1484517 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 561XE UT WOS:000176167700007 ER PT J AU Detwiler, RL Mehl, S Rajaram, H Cheung, WW AF Detwiler, RL Mehl, S Rajaram, H Cheung, WW TI Comparison of an algebraic multigrid algorithm to two iterative solvers used for modeling ground water flow and transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE-GRADIENT-METHOD; POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATION; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB Numerical solution of large-scale ground water flow and transport problems is often constrained by the convergence behavior of the iterative solvers used to solve the resulting systems of equations. We demonstrate the ability of an algebraic multigrid algorithm (AMG) to efficiently solve the large, sparse systems of equations that result from computational models of ground water flow and transport in large and complex domains. Unlike geometric multigrid methods, this algorithm is applicable to problems in complex flow geometries, such as those encountered in pore-scale modeling of two-phase flow and transport. We integrated AMG into MODFLOW 2000 to compare two- and three-dimensional flow simulations using AMG to simulations using PCG2, a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver that uses the modified incomplete Cholesky preconditioner and is included with MODFLOW 2000. CPU times required for convergence with AMG were up to 140 times faster than those for PCG2. The cost of this increased speed was up to a nine-fold increase in required random access memory (RAM) for the three-dimensional problems and up to a four-fold increase in required RAM for the two-dimensional problems. We also compared two-dimensional numerical simulations of steady-state transport using AMG and the generalized minimum residual method with an incomplete LU-decomposition preconditioner. For these transport simulations, AMG yielded increased speeds of up to 17 times with only a 20% increase in required RAM. The ability of AMG to solve flow and transport problems in large, complex flow systems and its ready availability make it an ideal solver for use in both field-scale and pore-scale modeling. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Detwiler, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808,L-206, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Detwiler, Russell/C-3228-2008 OI Detwiler, Russell/0000-0002-7693-9271 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02654.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 549PY UT WOS:000175454500010 PM 12019641 ER PT J AU Beck, HL Bennettt, BG AF Beck, HL Bennettt, BG TI Historical overview of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and estimates of fallout in the continental United States SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 04-05, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE fallout; nuclear weapons; atmospheric testing; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements AB From 1945 to 1980, over 500 weapons tests were conducted in the atmosphere at a number of locations around the world. These tests resulted in the release of substantial quantities of radioactive debris to the environment. Local, intermediate, and global fallout deposition densities downwind from test sites depended on the heights of bursts, the yields, and the half-lives and volatilities of the particular fission or activation products, as well as on the meteorological conditions. A number of national and international monitoring programs were established to trace the fallout through the atmosphere and biosphere. These programs included continuous monitoring of ground-level air, exposure rates, and deposition as well as periodic sampling of food, bone, water, soil, and stratospheric air. Although data for specific high-yield tests are still classified, the fission and fusion yields of the various tests and test series have been estimated and from this information the quantities of specific fission and activation products released into the atmosphere have been determined. The geographic and temporal variations in the fallout deposition of specific radionuclides based on both actual measurements and model calculations are discussed in this paper. A feasibility study to estimate the deposition density (deposition per unit area) of particular radionuclides from both Nevada Test Site and "global" fallout on a county-by-county scale for the continental United States is described. These deposition estimates provide a basis for reconstructing population exposure and dose. They support the feasibility of a more detailed evaluation of the population doses that resulted from fallout from atmospheric tests to document the experience fully and to report results more systematically and completely to the world community. The impact of weapons fallout will continue to be felt for years to come since a contaminant baseline has been imposed on the ambient radiation environment that will be an important factor in the assessment of past and future releases of radioactive materials into the biosphere. C1 US DOE, Div Environm Sci, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Beck, HL (reprint author), 33 Greenwich Ave, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM hbeck@worldnet.att.net NR 66 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 BP 591 EP 608 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205000-00007 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 544MN UT WOS:000175164300007 PM 12003011 ER PT J AU Miller, KM Larsen, RJ AF Miller, KM Larsen, RJ TI The development of field-based measurement methods for radioactive fallout assessment SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 04-05, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE fallout; radioactivity; environmental; atmospheric testing; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements ID RADIATION; CHAMBER AB An overview is provided on the development of field equipment, instrument systems, and methods of analyses that were used to assess the impact of radioactive fallout from atmospheric weapons tests. Included in this review are developments in fallout collection, aerosols measurements in surface air, and high-altitude sampling with aircraft and balloons. In addition, developments in radiation measurements are covered in such areas as survey and monitoring instruments, in situ gamma-ray spectrometry, and aerial measurement systems. The history of these developments and the interplay with the general advances in the field of radiation and radioactivity metrology are highlighted. An emphasis is given as to how the modifications and improvements in the instruments and methods over time led to their adaptation to present-day applications to radiation and radioactivity measurements. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Miller, KM (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM kevin.miller@eml.doe.gov NR 97 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 BP 609 EP 625 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205000-00008 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 544MN UT WOS:000175164300008 PM 12003012 ER PT J AU Bennett, BG AF Bennett, BG TI Worldwide dispersion and deposition of radionuclides produced in atmospheric tests SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 04-05, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE fallout; atmospheric testing; monitoring; meteorological; National Council on Radiation Protection ID FALLOUT AB Radionuclides produced in atmospheric nuclear tests were widely dispersed in the global environment. From the many measurements of the concentrations in air and the deposition amounts, much was learned of atmospheric circulation and environmental processes. Based on these results and the reported fission and total yields of individual tests, it has been possible to devise an empirical model of the movement and residence times of particles in the various atmospheric regions. This model, applied to all atmospheric weapons tests, allows extensive calculations of air concentrations and deposition amounts for the entire range of radionuclides produced throughout the testing period. Especially for the shorter-lived fission radionuclides, for which measurement results at the time of the tests are less extensive, a more complete picture of levels and isotope ratios can be obtained, forming a basis for improved dose estimations. The contributions to worldwide fallout can be inferred from individual tests, from tests at specific sites, or by specific countries. Progress was also made in understanding the global hydrological and carbon cycles from the tritium and C-14 measurements. A review of the global measurements and modeling results is presented in this paper. In the future, if injections of materials into the atmosphere occur, their anticipated motions and fates can be predicted from the knowledge gained from the fallout experience. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Bennett, BG (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM Bennett@rerf.jp NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 BP 644 EP 655 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205000-00011 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 544MN UT WOS:000175164300011 PM 12003015 ER PT J AU Anspaugh, LR Simon, SL Gordeev, KI Likhtarev, IA Maxwell, RM Shinkarev, SM AF Anspaugh, LR Simon, SL Gordeev, KI Likhtarev, IA Maxwell, RM Shinkarev, SM TI Movement of radionuclides in terrestrial ecosystems by physical processes SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 04-05, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE fallout; radionuclide; radioactivity; environmental; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements ID FOOD-CHAIN MODEL; INITIAL RETENTION; RESUSPENSION; INTERCEPTION; VEGETATION; FALLOUT; CONTAMINANTS; INGESTION; PATHWAY; RAIN AB Physical processes that effect the movement of radionuclides in the temperate environments post-deposition are considered in this paper. The physical processes considered include the interception of radionuclides by vegetation, resuspension, and vertical migration in soil. United States and Russian results on the interception of radionuclides are reviewed and defined in terms of models that are currently undergoing evaluation and revision. New results on resuspension are evaluated, and a preliminary new model for the time-dependent resuspension factor is proposed. Chernobyl-related results on the movement of radionuclides into the soil column are presented, as is a revised model for this process based upon recent results from Ukraine. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. State Res Ctr, Inst Biophys, Minist Hlth, Moscow 123182, Russia. Ukrainian Acad Technol Sci, Radiat Protect Inst, UA-04050 Kiev, Ukraine. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Anspaugh, LR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Div Radiobiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM LAnspaugh@aol.com RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013; Shinkarev, Sergey /B-3254-2017 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441; NR 53 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 BP 669 EP 679 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205000-00013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 544MN UT WOS:000175164300013 PM 12003017 ER PT J AU McDonald, JC AF McDonald, JC TI Dosimetry of high-energy photon beams based on standards of absorbed dose to water SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McDonald, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mailstop K3-53, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM joe.mcdonald@pnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 BP 751 EP 752 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205000-00023 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 544MN UT WOS:000175164300023 ER PT J AU Rees, B Sundby, G Peterson, E AF Rees, B Sundby, G Peterson, E TI Timer to shut off portable air samplers SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; air sampling; contamination; radiation protection AB Portable air samplers used at Los Alamos National Laboratory produce noise levels that make it difficult to conduct classes or tours in their vicinity. If air samplers are shut off during a class or tour, it may not be restarted at the end of the class or tour, preventing detection of low level airborne contamination or the measurement of a more significant release during a later operation. To enable clear communication during tours anti classes a timer was designed and constructed that allows an air sampler to be shut off for a short, fixed duration and automatically restarted. A schematic and parts list is included. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Newark Elect, Chicago, IL 60640 USA. RP Rees, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J 562, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brees@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 82 IS 5 SU S BP S101 EP S102 DI 10.1097/00004032-200205001-00014 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 545ZF UT WOS:000175246900013 PM 12003025 ER PT J AU Manjon, FJ Errandonea, D Segura, A Chervin, JC Munoz, V AF Manjon, FJ Errandonea, D Segura, A Chervin, JC Munoz, V TI Precursor effects of the rhombohedral-to-cubic phase transition in indium selenide SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th European-High-Pressure-Research-Group Meeting (EHPRG 39) CY SEP 16-19, 2001 CL SANTANDER, SPAIN SP European High Pressure Res Grp DE indium selenide; indium chalcogenides; layered materials; linear defects and dislocations; high hydrostatic pressure; diamond anvil cell ID PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; INSE AB We report on the observation of precursor effects of the rhombohedral-to-cubic phase transition in Indium Selenide (InSe) with several experimental techniques. The pressure at which these precursor defects are first observed depends on the sensitivity of the experimental technique. In transport measurements, which are very sensitive to low defect concentrations, precursor effects are observed 5 to 6 GPa below the phase transition pressure whereas in X-ray diffraction measurements precursor effects are only observed 2 GPa below the phase transition pressure. We report optical absorption measurements, in which the precursor effects are shown by the growth and propagation of dark linear defects appearing 3 GPa below the phase transition pressure. On the base of a simple model of the stress field around edge dislocations, we attribute the darkening of the InSe samples to local phase transitions to a high-pressure modification along linear dislocations. These results agree with room-pressure and high-pressure Raman spectra of samples compressed up to 7-8 GPa, which show new phonon lines not corresponding to the low-pressure phase. C1 Univ Valencia, ICMUV, Dpt Fis Aplicada, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Univ Politecn Valencia, Dpt Fis Aplicada, Alcoy 03801, Spain. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Manjon, FJ (reprint author), Univ Valencia, ICMUV, Dpt Fis Aplicada, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RI Segura, Alfredo/K-5103-2012; Munoz-Sanjose, Vicente/L-6206-2014; Manjon Herrera, Francisco Javier/B-5789-2016; Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Segura, Alfredo/0000-0002-9979-1302; Munoz-Sanjose, Vicente/0000-0002-3482-6957; Manjon Herrera, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-3926-1705; Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 SI SI BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1080/08957950290005163 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 567AP UT WOS:000176460700006 ER PT J AU Errandonea, D Schwager, B Boehler, R AF Errandonea, D Schwager, B Boehler, R TI Crystal structure transformations of rare-gas solids under pressure SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th European-High-Pressure-Research-Group Meeting (EHPRG 39) CY SEP 16-19, 2001 CL SANTANDER, SPAIN SP European High Pressure Res Grp DE Kr; Xe; high pressure; crystal transformations; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY; XENON; KRYPTON; STATE AB Pressure-induced structural changes in solid krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe) have been studied using angle dispersive X-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) up to 50 GPa. The analysis of the results shows that in solid Kr (Xe) the phase transition from fcc to hcp starts below 3.2 GPa (1.5 GPa). Albeit the hcp/fcc ratio increases under pressure, both phases coexist up to the highest pressure reached in this study. Room temperature (RT) equations of state (EOS) are determined. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. RP Errandonea, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Bldg 434E,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 SI SI BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1080/08957950290014416 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 567AP UT WOS:000176460700027 ER PT J AU Boehler, R Errandonea, D Ross, M AF Boehler, R Errandonea, D Ross, M TI Melting curve of iron: The never-ending story? SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th European-High-Pressure-Research-Group Meeting (EHPRG 39) CY SEP 16-19, 2001 CL SANTANDER, SPAIN SP European High Pressure Res Grp DE transition metals; melting of iron at high pressure; laser-heated diamond-cell ID EARTHS CORE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HIGH-PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES AB For the better general understanding of melting behavior at high pressure, we investigated the influence of both crystallographic and electronic structure, and compressibility on melting temperatures for a large class of materials. In particular, we have established a large data base for melting of transition metals to megabar pressures. In general, bcc metals (e.g. W, Ta, Mo, V, Cr) have very flat melting curves, and tire initially steeper melting curves of fcc metals (Fe, Co, Ni) flatten significantly at high pressure. We also observed this trend for the more complicated alkaline earth, and rare earth metals. The flattening of the melting curves is due to the similarity of the solid and liquid structures and volumes. For iron there may exist an additional complication which may explain the reported results on both melting temperatures and structures. Due to the similarity in the free energies of its high pressure structures, these may coexist over a large pressure range. This phenomenon has been recently documented for noble gases with similar structures. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Boehler, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM boe@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 SI SI BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1080/08957950290011446 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 567AP UT WOS:000176460700049 ER PT J AU Roe, HG de Pater, I Macintosh, BA Gibbard, SG Max, CE McKay, CP AF Roe, HG de Pater, I Macintosh, BA Gibbard, SG Max, CE McKay, CP TI Titan's atmosphere in late southern spring observed with adaptive optics on the W.M. Keck II 10-meter telescope SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Titan; satellites; atmospheres; infrared observations ID IMAGES; SURFACE AB Using adaptive optics on the W M. Keck H telescope, we imaged Titan several times during 1999 to 2001 in narrowband near-infrared filters selected to probe Titan's stratosphere and upper troposphere. We observed a bright feature around the south pole, possibly a collar of haze or clouds. Further, we find that solar phase angle explains most of the observed east-west brightness asymmetry of Titan's atmosphere, although the data do not preclude the presence of a "morning fog" effect at small solar phase angle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Roe, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2002 VL 157 IS 1 BP 254 EP 258 DI 10.1006/icar.2002.6831 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 557VL UT WOS:000175929000021 ER PT J AU Omenetto, FG Reitze, DH Luce, BP Moores, MD Taylor, AJ AF Omenetto, FG Reitze, DH Luce, BP Moores, MD Taylor, AJ TI Adaptive control methods for ultrafast pulse propagation in optical fibers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive control; adaptive filters; modulation; nonlinear optics; optical fiber dispersion; optical fiber measurement applications; optical propagation in dispersive media; optical propagation in nonlinear media; optical pulse compression; optical pulse generation; optical pulse measurements; optical pulse shaping; optical solitons; ultrafast optics ID FEMTOSECOND LASER-PULSE; SELF-FREQUENCY SHIFT; QUANTUM CONTROL; MU-M; PHASE; TRANSMISSION; COMPRESSION; DISPERSION; DYNAMICS; LIGHT AB Adpative control in combination with ultrafast pulse shaping provides a compelling approach to harness events that occur on the fastest timescale available. This paper illustrates the application of adaptive pulse shaping to femtosecond pulse propagation at lambda = 1550 nm in single-mode optical fibers. The approach is illustrated first by through a numerical simulation of the technique. An experimental demonstration is described. The propagation of similar to200-fs pulses is successfully achieved in the nonlinear regime by suitably preshaping the input pulse using an adaptive feedback loop. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Omenetto, FG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663,MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 690 EP 698 AR PII S1077-260X(02)05907-5 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2002.1016374 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 570VT UT WOS:000176680400034 ER PT J AU Hadley, GR AF Hadley, GR TI Out-of-plane losses of line-defect photonic crystal waveguides SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE finite-difference methods; Helmholtz equations; optical losses; optical waveguide ID WAVE-GUIDES; RADIATION; SLAB AB A numerical model is presented for computing the out-of-plane losses of a general class of two-dimensional photonic crystals superimposed onto a slab confinement structure. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated by calculating the propagation loss of a single-row-defect waveguide composed of hexagonal air holes etched into two different slab structures. The results are interpreted in terms of a simple coupied-mode-theory picture in which loss is due to resonant coupling between the fundamental and certain radiative slab modes. These calculations show that low-loss photonic crystal waveguides should be possible by carefully designing the slab waveguide. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 642 EP 644 AR PII S1041-1135(02)01840-2 DI 10.1109/68.998711 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 545YA UT WOS:000175244100018 ER PT J AU Branch, KMC Morsey, J Cangellaris, AC Ruehli, AE AF Branch, KMC Morsey, J Cangellaris, AC Ruehli, AE TI Physically consistent transmission line models for high-speed interconnects in lossy dielectrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Topical Meeting on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging CY OCT 29-31, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc DE complex permittivity; Debye model; dispersion; equivalent circuit; frequency-dependent losses; high-speed interconnects; lossy dielectrics; parameter extraction; SPICE-compatible models; transmission line theory; vector curve fitting AB The development of a physically consistent multiconductor transmission line model for high-speed interconnects in lossy, dispersive dielectrics is presented. Based on this model, a methodology is presented which constructs SPICE-compatible equivalent circuits that take into account dielectric loss and dispersion. Simulations using wideband measurement data of alumina demonstrate the effect of the Debye based permittivity model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, ECE Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Branch, KMC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2002.803309 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 618YR UT WOS:000179446200002 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E McKenna, HE AF Muljadi, E McKenna, HE TI Power quality issues in a hybrid power system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Ind Applicat Soc DE diesel generator; hybrid power system; power quality; renewable energy; wind turbine ID WIND AB We analyzed a power system network that consisted of two types of power generation: wind turbine generation and diesel generation. The power quality and the interaction of diesel generation, the wind turbine, and the local load were the subjects of investigation. From an energy-production standpoint, producing as much wind energy as possible is advantageous in terms of decreasing the fuel consumption of the diesel engines and reducing the level of pollution. From the customer point of view. good power quality at the receiving end is important. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of the wind power plant on the entire system. In addition, we discuss how the startup of the wind turbine and the transient condition during load changes affect the system's voltage and frequency. C1 Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 803 EP 809 AR PII S0093-9994(02)04527-9 DI 10.1109/TIA.2002.1003433 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 555YC UT WOS:000175819800025 ER PT J AU Hill, ME Callin, RS Seidel, M Whittum, DH AF Hill, ME Callin, RS Seidel, M Whittum, DH TI High-power squeeze-type phase shifter at W-band SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE high-power phase shifters; millimeter-wave phase shifters; microwave phase shifters AB We describe the design, fabrication, and bench study of a millimeter-wave phase shifter employed as a high-power recirculator for a traveling-wave resonator circuit. The oxygen-free electronic-grade copper phase shifter was prepared by electrodischarge machining. Measured phase-shifter characteristics are presented and compared with theory. The phase shifter was employed in a traveling-wave circuit at 91.4 GHz with a circulating power of 0.2 MW and subjected to fields greater than 10 MV/m without evidence of breakdown. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Hill, ME (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 1437 EP 1439 AR PII S0018-9480(02)04045-0 DI 10.1109/22.999162 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 547LW UT WOS:000175334700027 ER PT J AU Mahesh, S Phoenix, SL Beyerlein, IJ AF Mahesh, S Phoenix, SL Beyerlein, IJ TI Strength distributions and size effects for 2D and 3D composites with Weibull fibers in an elastic matrix SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE fracture of fibrous composites; Monte Carlo simulation of failure; chain-of bundles model ID BUNDLES PROBABILITY MODEL; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; FIBROUS COMPOSITES; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; TENSILE-STRENGTH; LIMIT-THEOREMS; FAILURE; FRACTURE AB Monte Carlo simulation and theoretical modeling are used to study the statistical failure modes in unidirectional composites consisting of elastic fibers in an elastic matrix. Both linear and hexagonal fiber arrays are considered, forming 2D and 3D composites, respectively. Failure is idealized using the chain-of-bundles model in terms of delta-bundles of length delta, which is the length-scale of fiber load transfer. Within each delta-bundle, fiber load redistribution is determined by local load-sharing models that approximate the in-plane fiber load redistribution from planar break clusters, as predicted from 2D and 3D shear-lag models. As a result the delta-bundle failure models are 1D and 2D, respectively. Fiber elements have random strengths following either a Weibull or a power-law distribution with shape and scale parameters rho and sigma(8), respectively. Under Weibull fiber strength, failure simulations for 2D delta-bundles, reveal two regimes: When fiber strength variability is low (roughly rho > 2) the dominant failure mode is by growing clusters of fiber breaks, one of which becomes catastrophic. When this variability is high (roughly 0 < ρ < 2) cluster formation is suppressed by a dispersed failure mode due to the blocking effects of a few strong fibers. For 1D delta-bundles or for 2D delta-bundles under power-law fiber strength, the transitional value of rho drops to 1 or lower, and overall, it may slowly decrease with increasing bundle size. For the two regimes, closed-form approximations to the distribution of delta-bundle strength are developed under the local load-sharing model and an equal load-sharing model of Daniels, respectively. The results compare favorably with simulations on delta-bundles with up to 1500 fibers. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mahesh, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 52 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 115 IS 1 BP 41 EP 85 DI 10.1023/A:1015729607223 PG 45 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 570PN UT WOS:000176666800003 ER PT J AU Warren, TL AF Warren, TL TI Simulations of the penetration of limestone targets by ogive-nose 4340 steel projectiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CONCRETE TARGETS; ALUMINUM TARGETS; IMPACT AB In this paper we extend Forrestal's semi-empirical penetration method for limestone targets to account for pitch, yaw and projectile deformation. This is achieved using a combined analytical and computational technique we have developed to calculate permanent projectile deformation without erosion. With this technique we use an explicit transient dynamic finite element code to model the projectile. and an analytical forcing function based on the dynamic expansion of a spherical cavity derived from Forrestal's depth of penetration equation to represent the tat-get. Additionally. this work extends the forcing function methodology by introducing a successive layering technique to account for the loss of confinement due to entrance cratering effects. Results from simulations are compared with the corresponding experimental results and shown to be in good agreement. Furthermore, it is shown that in inane, of the events the projectile goes through significantly more deformation than what is observed from its post-test configuration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Warren, TL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tlwarre@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X EI 1879-3509 J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 475 EP 496 AR PII S0734-743X(01)00154-3 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00154-3 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 556YH UT WOS:000175876800001 ER PT J AU Lee, WH AF Lee, WH TI Oil well perforator design using 2D Eulerian code SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Oil well perforation; shaped charge; Eulerian code AB The purpose of the present study is to obtain a good shaped charge design using a 2D Eulerian code such that the high speed jet of the liner creates a large hole in the well casing and a small hole in the gun pipe. Double-velocity inverse gradients. one at the tip of the liner and another one located near the middle section of the jet, are described for conical and elliptical shaped charges. A series of computer simulations are performed for jet formation and penetration into the casing wall as well as the surrounding rocks. For a typical liner material, the penetrated casing hole size is related to the liner geometry, the amount of the explosive charge, and the shape as well as the thickness of the charge case. From this study. it is shown that the geometry and the thickness of the liner are the most pertinent parameters for a good charge design. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, WH (reprint author), 80 Barcelona Ave, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 535 EP 559 AR PII S0734-473X(01)00054-9 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00054-9 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 556YH UT WOS:000175876800005 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK AF Gibson, JK TI Gas-phase activation of silane, disilane and germane by actinide ions; and collision induced dissociation of metal oxide ions in TOF-MS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE actinides; silane; disilane; germane; collision induced dissociation ID X=0-3 BOND-ENERGIES; LANTHANIDE CATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON ACTIVATION; GROUP-3 METAL; SMALL ALKANES; OXO-LIGAND; REACTIVITY; Y+ AB Gas-phase reactions of selected actinide metal ions, An(+), with silane, disilane and germane under minimally hyperthermal conditions were studied using a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RTOF-MS). Both U+ and Np+ reacted with silane while Pu+ was comparatively inert. The primary reactions with silane yielded the silylenes, AnSiH(2)(+) secondary reactions gave AnSi(2)H(4)(+) and AnSi(2)H(2)(+) (An = U, Np). With disilane, single- and double-dehydrogenation by An produced AnSi2H4+ and AnSi(2)H(2)(+) for An = U and Np, while Pu+ and Am+ were inert. Oxo-ligation rendered plutonium reactive towards silane: UO+, NpO+ and PuO+ each dehydrogenated disilane to give AnOSi(2)H(4)(+). With germane, selected lanthanide ions, M+=Ln(+), were studied along with M+=An(+). Germylenes, MGeH2+, were formed for M = Th, U, Np, Pu, Ce and Th, while Am and Tm+ were inert. Secondary products were MGe2+ (M = Th, U, Np, Ce and Tb), ThGe3+ and ThGe4+. The results are assessed in the context of the electronic structures and energetics of the actinide (and lanthanide) ions. For comparison and to confirm consistency with previous studies, a few reactions of CH4 and C2H6 with actinide ions were examined. The nature of anomalous peaks at ion flight times corresponding to "tetrahydride" ions, "AnH(4)," upon introduction of both reactive and inert gases into the reaction region was examined in detail. It was concluded that these aberrant peaks were due to high-energy collision induced dissociation of actinide oxide ions, AnO(+) in the first field-free region of the RTOF-MS. The identification of this dissociation phenomenon nullifies a previous report of actinide hydride ions produced by reactions of An+ with ethylene oxide. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 216 IS 2 BP 185 EP 202 AR PII S1387-3806(02)00584-5 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(02)00584-5 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 559ZX UT WOS:000176057600005 ER PT J AU Vitela, JE Hanebutte, UR Gordillo, JL Cortina, LM AF Vitela, JE Hanebutte, UR Gordillo, JL Cortina, LM TI Comparative performance study of parallel programming models in a neural network training code SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE neural networks; parallel computing; message passing; shared memory; MPI; OpenMP; SHMEM; coarse grained parallelization; SGI/Cray Origin 2000 AB This paper discusses the performance studies of a coarse grained parallel neural network training code for control of nonlinear dynamical systems, implemented in the shared memory and message passing parallel programming environments OpenMP and MPI, respectively. In addition, these codes are compared to an implementation utilizing SHMEM the native data passing SGI/Cray environment for parallel programming. The multiprocessor platform used in the study is a SGI/Cray Origin 2000 with up to 32 processors, which supports all these programming models efficiently. The dynamical system used in this study is a nonlinear OD model of a thermonuclear fusion reactor with the EDA-ITER design parameters. The results show that OpenMP outperforms the other two environments when large number of processors are involved, while yielding a similar or a slightly poorer behavior for small number of processors. As expected the native SGI/Cray environment outperforms MPI for the entire range of processors used. Reasons for the observed performance are given. The parallel efficiency of the code is always greater than 60% regardless of the parallel environment for the range of processors used in this study. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dir Gral Serv Comp Acad, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Vitela, JE (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 429 EP 452 DI 10.1142/S0129183102003887 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 571LT UT WOS:000176719400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, DS Wang, HX Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK AF Zhang, DS Wang, HX Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK TI An implicit method for data prediction and impulse noise removal from corrupted signals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE implicit method; data interpolation and prediction; noise removal; median filter ID DISTRIBUTED APPROXIMATING FUNCTIONALS; IMAGES; EQUATION AB A robust and reliable implicit method is proposed for application in data interpolation. The algorithm is based on a recently developed analytic approximation method, namely the distributed approximating functionals (DAFs), which is known to have the "well-tempered" property of UNIFORMLY approximating a function and its derivatives. In comparison with the conventionally used local explicit interpolation algorithms, the implicit method achieves much more accurate interpolation results because it couples all sample values (both known and unknown) in the domain of interest using a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. Due to the fact that the well-tempered DAFs also are very good low-pass filters, the performance of the DAF-based implicit method is not affected very much by the high frequency noise in the input signal. As an application, the proposed algorithm is applied to signals that axe corrupted with impulse noise. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, DS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 4 BP 565 EP 583 DI 10.1142/S0129183102003322 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 571LT UT WOS:000176719400012 ER PT J AU Zhang, DZ VanderHeyden, WB AF Zhang, DZ VanderHeyden, WB TI The effects of mesoscale structures on the macroscopic momentum equations for two-phase flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE mesoscale structures; averaged equations; fluidized bed; added mass; drag reduction ID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED-BEDS; GAS-PARTICLE FLOW; 2-PHASE FLOW; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MULTIPHASE FLOW; SUSPENSIONS; BUOYANCY; PATTERNS; STRESS; FORCE AB Mesoscale structures (bubbles, clusters and streamers) in two-phase flows, especially in gas-solid fluidized beds significantly affect macroscopic hydrodynamic behavior. For industrial-scale fluidized beds, it is typically impractical to simulate these structures directly due to the excessive resolution required. To model effects of mesoscale structures, the ensemble phase averaging method is extended to derive macroscopic averaged equations and their closures. It is found that added-mass and drag reduction effects due to mesoscale structures play essential roles in the macroscopic equations of motion. Unlike the classical added-mass force, which is proportional to the continuous fluid density, the mesoscale added-mass force is proportional to the mixture density. Thus for gas-solid systems wherein the classical added-mass force is almost always negligible, the mesoscale added-mass force is, in contrast, found to be quite important. Mesoscale drag reduction results from the fact that, in a particle rich region. there is significantly less relative velocity between particle and fluid phases than indicated by the macroscopic relative velocity. Possible effects of the new force terms in the macroscopic equations are examined from a one-dimensional simulation of a fluidized bed. Significant effects from the new terms on vertical pressure gradient and particle volume fraction distributions are observed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, DZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Fluid Dynam Grp, T-3,MS B126, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 13 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 805 EP 822 AR PII S0301-9322(02)00005-8 DI 10.1016/S0301-9322(02)00005-8 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 555YN UT WOS:000175820800006 ER PT J AU Barnes, TB Thompson, CA Sawvel, RM Silva, DA Wilks, SC Olivier, SS Werner, JS AF Barnes, TB Thompson, CA Sawvel, RM Silva, DA Wilks, SC Olivier, SS Werner, JS TI A high-resolution adaptive optics system for vision science SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sect Neurobiol Physiol & Behav, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 957 BP U210 EP U210 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600919 ER PT J AU Blakely, EA McNamara, MP Chang, PY Bjornstad, KA Rosen, CJ AF Blakely, EA McNamara, MP Chang, PY Bjornstad, KA Rosen, CJ TI Role of CDK-inhibitors in the differentiation and radiation response of cultured human lens cells SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. SRI Int, Biopharmaceut Dev Div, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3578 BP U1000 EP U1000 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700731 ER PT J AU Doble, N Yoon, GY Chen, L Singer, B Bierden, P Olivier, S Williams, D AF Doble, N Yoon, GY Chen, L Singer, B Bierden, P Olivier, S Williams, D TI Low cost. Compact wavefront correctors for ophthalmic instrumentation equipped with adaptive optics SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Rochester, Ctr Visual Sci, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Ophthalmol, Rochester, NY USA. Boston MicroMachines, Boston, MA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 955 BP U209 EP U209 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600915 ER PT J AU Moore, BD Jeffs, J Travis, BJ Kenyon, GT Marshak, DW AF Moore, BD Jeffs, J Travis, BJ Kenyon, GT Marshak, DW TI The intensity of moving bars is encoded more efficiently by firing correlation than by firing rate SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Houston, TX USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4767 BP U1344 EP U1344 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701919 ER PT J AU Roth, S Ro, TK Shaikh, AR Tollaksen, SL Zhang, C Giometti, CS AF Roth, S Ro, TK Shaikh, AR Tollaksen, SL Zhang, C Giometti, CS TI Changes in protein expression after retinal ischemic preconditioning: A proteomics approach SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 784 BP U167 EP U167 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600758 ER PT J AU Greenman, RM Stepniewski, SW Jorgensen, CC Roth, KR AF Greenman, RM Stepniewski, SW Jorgensen, CC Roth, KR TI Designing compact feedforward neural models with small training data sets SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID UPWIND DIFFERENCING SCHEME; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NETWORKS; LIFT AB A new hybrid method is presented for designing feedforward, backpropagation neural models with small training data sets. The method minimizes the generalization error, a fundamental quantity that characterizes the effectiveness of the regression models. It combines into one framework a bootstrap technique that estimates network generalization performance and a collection of stochastic and deterministic optimization techniques that adjust neural network interconnection geometry. The approach is derived as a form of multi-objective optimization strategy. This allows for more direct treatment of contradictory design criteria than traditionally employed single-objective techniques. A stochastic optimization method such as a genetic algorithm is used to select activation functions for hidden-layer nodes, whereas fast deterministic techniques, optimal brain surgeon and singular value decomposition, are used to perform connection and node pruning. The method is demonstrated by optimizing neural networks that model the high-lift aerodynamics of a multi-element airfoil. The neural model is constructed using a small computational data set consisting of 227 data points. In the numerical experiments presented, the solutions produced by, this hybrid approach exhibit an improvement in the generalization ability on the average of five to six times when compared to the pruned models with only one type of activation function. When traditional fully connected networks with hyperbolic tangent activation functions are considered, the improvement in the generalization performance of the new models is even greater. The neural models exhibit superior generalization qualities that are virtually impossible to find by manual trial-and-error approaches. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. SONY Elect, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Greenman, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.2514/2.2950 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 558GQ UT WOS:000175958300011 ER PT J AU Chen, W Lu, F Frew, DJ Forrestal, MJ AF Chen, W Lu, F Frew, DJ Forrestal, MJ TI Dynamic compression testing of soft materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; WAVE-PROPAGATION; STRAIN-RATE; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; FAILURE AB Low-strength and low-impedance materials pose significant challenges in the design of experiments to determine dynamic stress-strain responses. When these materials are tested with a conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar, the specimen will not deform homogeneously and the tests are not valid. To obtain valid data, the shape of the incident pulse and the specimen thickness must be designed such that the specimens are in dynamic equilibrium and deform homogeneously at constant strain rates. In addition, a sensitive transmission bar is required to detect the weak transmitted pulses. Experimental results show that homogeneous deformations at nearly constant strain rates can be achieved in materials with very low impedances, such as a silicone rubber and a polyurethane foam, with the experimental modifications presented in this study. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 36 TC 79 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 30 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 EI 1528-9036 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2002 VL 69 IS 3 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1115/1.1464871 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 557BV UT WOS:000175888200002 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Ackerman, TP Sekelsky, SM AF Jensen, MP Ackerman, TP Sekelsky, SM TI Radiative impacts of anvil cloud during the maritime continent thunderstorm experiment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID K-DISTRIBUTION METHOD; HEATING RATES; TOGA COARE; CLUSTERS; ATMOSPHERES; SYSTEM; MODEL AB In this study the radiative impact of three separate cirrus anvil systems that occurred during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment is investigated. Retrievals of microphysical cloud properties and an independent radar measurement are used to develop an appropriate set of radar reflectivity factor (Z)-ice water content (IWC) parameterizations. This set of parameterizations is then applied to the reflectivity field of a scanning 5.2-cm radar. The three-dimensional ice water structure is used as input to a two-stream radiative transfer model using an independent pixel approximation for several different stages in the life cycle of the cloud system. Peak radiative heating/cooling occurs at many different levels from just below the tropopause down to the freezing level. This behavior is attributed to spatial variability of the anvil cloud-top height. There is a distinct difference between the average radiative heating profile in the presence of island-based convection as compared with oceanic convection. The island-based convection results in a heating profile that concentrates cloud-top solar heating and IR cooling higher in the atmosphere and with a greater magnitude in comparison with studies of oceanic convection. Island-based thunderstorms can play a major role in the large-scale radiative energy balance. The net radiative convergence averaged over a simplified diurnal cycle and over a 120 x 120 km(2) grid box containing an island-based thunderstorm and its associated anvil cloud is near zero. When considering the energy balance over the tropical western Pacific, it is important to consider the "Maritime Continent'' region with all of its small islands separately from the oceanic regime. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Microwave Remote Sensing Lab, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, Armstrong Hall,2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 473 EP 487 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0473:RIOACD>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 541XL UT WOS:000175011800002 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Ruebush, M Zagar, D LaCour, M Sena, M Golby, K Haworth, M Umstattd, R AF Shiffler, D Ruebush, M Zagar, D LaCour, M Sena, M Golby, K Haworth, M Umstattd, R TI Cathode and anode plasmas in short-pulse explosive field emission cathodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AB Explosive field emission cathodes have been a subject of research for a number of years. These cathodes offer high current densities and total current without requiring a heater for the production of electrons. Generally these cathodes consist of some structure with a series of tips or metal-dielectric regions in which a large electric field enhancement can occur. A cathode plasma is then formed from these discharge points that then supplies the electrons necessary for space charge limited emission. This article reports on a series of optical measurements in which the cathode and anode plasmas of explosive field emission cathodes are observed. Three types of cathodes are investigated. These types are a polymer velvet cathode, a metal-dielectric cathode, and a tufted carbon fiber cathode in which the fibers have been coated with a cesium iodide salt. Cesium iodide coated carbon fiber cathodes have shown a great deal of promise for various field emitter applications. From these high speed photos, the evolution of the plasmas on both cathode and anode can be qualitatively ascertained. Experimentally we find that not only does cathode plasma behavior depend on the type of cathode, but the anode plasma behavior does also. Further, we find that the best performing cathode shows the most rapid plasma formation on both anode and cathode, yet without a rapid plasma expansion across the anode-cathode gap. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Tech Matters, Sandia Pk, NM USA. SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 5599 EP 5603 DI 10.1063/1.1457541 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WR UT WOS:000175069000012 ER PT J AU Bentien, A Iversen, BB Bryan, JD Stucky, GD Palmqvist, AEC Schultz, AJ Henning, RW AF Bentien, A Iversen, BB Bryan, JD Stucky, GD Palmqvist, AEC Schultz, AJ Henning, RW TI Maximum entropy method analysis of thermal motion and disorder in thermoelectric clathrate Ba8Ga16Si30 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CHARGE-DENSITY; CONDUCTIVITY; SR8GA16GE30 AB Multitemperature (15, 100, 150, 200, 300, 450, 600, 900 K) single crystal neutron diffraction data on the type I clathrate Ba8Ga16Si30 are reported. For the framework atoms reciprocal space structural refinements give total occupancies in the unit cell of Ga/Si=3.8/2.2, 1.8/14.2, 10.2/13.8 for the 6c, 16i, and 24k sites respectively, thus showing that Ga avoids the tetrahedral 16i positions. The guest atom displacement parameters obtained from structure factor fitting are analyzed with semianharmonic Einstein models giving Einstein temperatures (Theta(E)) of 69(1), 98(7), and 124(2) K for Ba(2)((100)), Ba(2)([100]), and Ba(1), respectively. The analysis furthermore suggests that all guest atoms are structurally disordered, and the disorder appears to be temperature dependent with increased host-guest interaction at high temperatures. The structure factors are subsequently used in the maximum entropy method calculations to obtain direct space nuclear densities. These are modeled with anharmonic one-particle potential models to fourth order. Even at elevated temperatures anharmonicity is limited indicating that the low thermal conductivity of the clathrate has a different origin. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Appl Surface Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Palmqvist, Anders/C-4005-2011; bentien, anders/O-4691-2014 OI bentien, anders/0000-0002-7204-9167 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 5694 EP 5699 DI 10.1063/1.1466531 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WR UT WOS:000175069000026 ER PT J AU Musket, RG Yoshiyama, JM Contolini, RJ Porter, JD AF Musket, RG Yoshiyama, JM Contolini, RJ Porter, JD TI Vapor etching of ion tracks in fused silica SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE AB We have used vapor etching of ion tracks to create high aspect ratio (i.e., length much greater than diameter), isolated cylindrical holes through similar to600-nm-thick films of thermally fused silica on silicon. Samples were exposed to the vapor from water-based liquids with various HF and HF+HCl concentrations. Independent control of the temperatures of the vapor and the samples provided the means to vary separately the etching rates for the tracks and the track-free material. The very rapid etching of the small latent track zone can be explained by preferential capillary condensation. Holes with diameters of similar to24 to similar to80 nm have been documented with length/diameter ratios of up to 22. Although we have restricted this study to thin-film silica, we have evidence that such holes are also formed in bulk fused silica. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Candescent Technol Corp, San Jose, CA 95119 USA. RP Musket, RG (reprint author), Musket Consulting, El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 5760 EP 5764 DI 10.1063/1.1467402 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WR UT WOS:000175069000034 ER PT J AU Anderson, RA Lagasse, RR Schroeder, JL AF Anderson, RA Lagasse, RR Schroeder, JL TI Pulsed electrical breakdown of a void-filled dielectric SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGES; EPOXY AB We report breakdown strengths in a void-filled dielectric material, epoxy containing 48 vol % hollow glass microballoon filler, which is stressed with unipolar voltage pulses of the order of 10 mus duration. The microballoon voids had mean diameters of approximately 40 mum and contained SO2 gas at roughly 30% atmospheric pressure. This void-filled material displays good dielectric strength (of the order of 100 kV mm(-1)) under these short-pulse test conditions. Results from a variety of electrode geometries are reported, including arrangements in which the electric stress is highly nonuniform. Conventional breakdown criteria based on mean or peak electric stress do not account for these data. A statistics-based predictive breakdown model is developed, in which the dielectric is divided into independent, microballoon-sized "discharge cells" and the spontaneous discharge of a single cell is presumed to launch full breakdown of the composite. We obtain two empirical parameters, the mean and standard deviation of the spontaneous discharge field, by fitting breakdown data from two electrode geometries having roughly uniform fields but with greatly differing volumes of electrically stressed material. This model accounts for many aspects of our data, including the inherent statistical scatter and the dependence on the stressed volume, and it provides informative predictions with electrode geometries giving highly nonuniform fields. Issues related to computational spatial resolution and cutoff distance are also discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 5962 EP 5971 DI 10.1063/1.1461058 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WR UT WOS:000175069000065 ER PT J AU Jameson, L Waseda, T Mitsudera, H AF Jameson, L Waseda, T Mitsudera, H TI Scale utilization and optimization from wavelet analysis for data assimilation: SUgOiWADAi SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM MODEL; CIRCULATION AB The second generation of a new approach to data assimilation where wavelet analysis is used for error estimation is presented here. The first generation is known as EEWADAi. This modified and optimized method uses wavelet analysis to not only estimate numerical error but to also acquire an estimate of the variation at various scales of the model simulation. In the original EEWADAi, wavelet analysis on the finest scale was used to estimate numerical error. In the second-generation version, called SUgOiWADAi, wavelet analysis is used on a variety of scales to not only obtain an estimate of numerical error, finest-scale information, but to also obtain an estimate of model variation, information from coarser scales. This new algorithm is computationally very inexpensive and is very effective. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hydrodynam & Turbulence Theory & Simulat Grp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Waseda, T (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Int Pacific Res Ctr, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Mitsudera, Humio/E-3241-2012 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 747 EP 758 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0747:SUAOFW>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 547BG UT WOS:000175312200016 ER PT J AU Zhou, RB Wolk, CP AF Zhou, RB Wolk, CP TI Identification of an akinete marker gene in Anabaena vatiabilis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSTOC; DIFFERENTIATION; CYANOBACTERIA; HETEROCYST; DNA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB Cyanobacteria that form akinetes as well as heterocysts present a rare opportunity to investigate the relationships between alternative differentiation processes and pattern formation processes in a single bacterium. Because no akinete marker gene has been identified, akinete formation has been little studied genetically. We report the first identification of an akinete marker gene. C1 Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 184 IS 9 BP 2529 EP + DI 10.1128/JB.184.9.2529-2532.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 541TK UT WOS:000175000400023 PM 11948167 ER PT J AU Ryaby, JT Balooch, M Stolken, JS Kinney, JH AF Ryaby, JT Balooch, M Stolken, JS Kinney, JH TI A lateral force AFM study of collagen orientation in lamellar bone SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OrthoLog Corp, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 MA OC1 BP 942 EP 942 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 545QP UT WOS:000175229100040 ER PT J AU Kinney, JH Balooch, M Habelitz, S Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ AF Kinney, JH Balooch, M Habelitz, S Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ TI Intrafibrillar mineral is essential for proper mechanical function of mineralized tissues SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 MA P25 BP 956 EP 956 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 545QP UT WOS:000175229100095 ER PT J AU Fu, JW Rard, JA Paduano, L Albright, JG Miller, DG AF Fu, JW Rard, JA Paduano, L Albright, JG Miller, DG TI Mutual diffusion coefficients and densities at 298.15 K of aqueous mixtures of NaCl and Na2SO4 with NaCl solute fractions of 0.9500, trace diffusion coefficients of SO42- in NaCl(aq), and trace refractive index increments and partial molar volumes of Na2SO4 and NaCl SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ISOPIESTIC DETERMINATION; TERNARY DIFFUSION; RAYLEIGH INTERFEROMETRY; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; CONCENTRATION RATIO; WIDE-RANGE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; MGCL2 CONCENTRATIONS; LYSOZYME CHLORIDE AB Isothermal mutual diffusion coefficients (interdiffusion coefficients) and refractive index increments were measured for ternary aqueous mixtures of NaCl and Na2SO4 at constant NaCl molarity fraction z(1) = 0,9500 at 298.15 K, using high precision Rayleigh interferometry with computerized data acquisition. The densities of these solutions were measured using vibrating tube densimetry. The experiments were performed at seven total molarities ranging from (0.499 92 to 4.978 34) mol(.)dm(-3). These measurements supplement our earlier ones at other compositions and composition fractions. The Na2SO4 cross-term diffusion coefficient D-21 is small and negative at nearly all of the ternary solution compositions, whereas the NaCl cross-term diffusion coefficient D-12 is larger and positive. However, at z(1) = 0.9500, D-21 changes sign as the total concentration exceeds 4.3 mol(.)dm(-3), and above 3.2 mol(.)dm(-3) the value of D-12 exceeds that of the corresponding Na2SO4 main-term diffusion coefficient D-22. Thus, at high concentrations, a concentration gradient of Na2SO4 causes the transport of more NaCl than of itself. At each fixed total concentration, extrapolation of Na2SO4 main-term diffusion coefficients from these and our earlier results, to zero concentration fraction of Na2SO4 (i.e., z(1) --> 1), yielded the trace diffusion coefficient of the SO42- ion D-tr(SO42-) in NaCl(aq). Comparing these D-tr(SO42-) values in NaCl(aq) to published D-tr(SO42-) values in Na2SO4(aq) shows agreement to 1-8%, when the comparisons are made at equal volumetric ionic strength. Similar extrapolations of the volumetric and refractive index increment results yielded the trace partial molar volume and trace refractive index increment, respectively. Densities of NaCl(aq) at 298.15 K were critically reanalyzed. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Energy & Envrionm Direc, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 496 EP 512 DI 10.1021/je010304g PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 552DA UT WOS:000175602100022 ER PT J AU Bozlee, BJ Exharos, GJ Jimenez, AE van Swam, SL AF Bozlee, BJ Exharos, GJ Jimenez, AE van Swam, SL TI Measurement of the index of refraction of solids by UV-Vis spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Chem, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Great Falls, Great Falls, MT 59405 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 30208 USA. RP Bozlee, BJ (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Chem, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 79 IS 5 BP 619 EP 622 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 541MP UT WOS:000174988600024 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, T Wang, HB Miller, WH AF Yamamoto, T Wang, HB Miller, WH TI Combining semiclassical time evolution and quantum Boltzmann operator to evaluate reactive flux correlation function for thermal rate constants of complex systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INITIAL-VALUE REPRESENTATION; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; ELECTRONICALLY NONADIABATIC DYNAMICS; WAVE-PACKET PROPAGATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; REAL-TIME; S-MATRIX; LINEARIZED APPROXIMATION; WAVEPACKET PROPAGATION; CHEMICAL-REACTION AB The semiclassical (SC) initial value representation (IVR) provides a way for including quantum effects into classical molecular dynamics simulations. Implementation of the SC-IVR to the thermal rate constant calculation, based on the reactive flux correlation function formalism, has two major obstacles: (1) the SC integrand may be highly oscillatory with respect to the initial phase space variables; and (2) matrix elements of the Boltzmannized flux operator, which are crucial in generating the initial (or final) distribution for the SC trajectories, are generally not available in analytic forms. In this paper, we present practical ways of overcoming these two barriers for the SC calculation of thermal rate constants. For the first problem, we show that use of a symmetric flux-flux correlation function, together with the generalized Filinov transformation technique, can significantly smooth the corresponding SC integrand and make the calculation practical for quite large systems. For the second problem, we propose a general method for evaluating matrix elements of the Boltzmannized flux operator "on-the-fly," based on the combination of the imaginary-time path integral technique with the Metropolis random walk algorithm. Using these approaches, it is shown that thermal rate constants can be obtained for systems with more than 100 degrees of freedom, as well as for reactions in the deep tunneling regimes where quantum effects are significant. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yamamoto, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wang, Haobin/E-1208-2011; Bynum, Ugene/F-7999-2014 NR 86 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 17 BP 7335 EP 7349 DI 10.1063/1.1464539 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 542WP UT WOS:000175068800001 ER PT J AU Striolo, A Bratko, D Wu, JZ Elvassore, N Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Striolo, A Bratko, D Wu, JZ Elvassore, N Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Forces between aqueous nonuniformly charged colloids from molecular simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; DIPOLE POTENTIALS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; OSMOTIC-PRESSURE; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MICA SURFACES; MEAN FORCE AB NVT Monte Carlo simulation results are presented for the forces between charged colloids within the primitive model for electrolytes. The calculations show that when charged colloids have a net dipole moment, a strong attraction can arise at short separations. The attractive force is not purely electrostatic; significant contributions follow from hard-sphere collisions between the electrolyte ions and the colloidal particles. In divalent electrolyte solutions, nonuniformly charged colloids show an oscillatory force profile as a function of separation, due to layering of electrolyte ions around the interacting colloids. Simulation results are compared to two analytical models derived from classical Debye-Huckel screened potentials. In the first model, contributions from charge-charge, dipole-dipole, and charge-dipole interactions are independently angle-averaged and then added to obtain the colloid-colloid potential. In the second model, the pair potential is obtained by simultaneously angle-averaging all interactions. Our results show that simultaneous angle-averaging of anisotropic interactions provides significant improvement over the commonly used additivity approximation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Principi & Impianti Ingn Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011; Wu, Jianzhong/I-5164-2013; OI Wu, Jianzhong/0000-0002-4582-5941 NR 47 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 17 BP 7733 EP 7743 DI 10.1063/1.1467343 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 542WP UT WOS:000175068800044 ER PT J AU Woerdeman, DL Parnas, RS Giunta, RK Wilkerson, AL AF Woerdeman, DL Parnas, RS Giunta, RK Wilkerson, AL TI Dewetting of unreacted epoxy/amine mixtures on silica SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; INTERPHASE; COMPOSITES; GLASS; INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; REGION; LAYERS; RESIN AB We employ a direct method, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), to determine experimentally the chemical compositions of the wetted and dewetted regions of an uncured epoxy thin film. Determining the composition of the dewetted region indicated the presence of a very thin sublayer of resin in what was thought to be a region devoid of resin. The capability of ToF-SIMS to probe small 65 x 65 mum(2) areas of the surface has permitted us to directly compare the SIMS spectra of the wetted and dewetted regions to the survey spectra of the reactants. This may indicate the strength of resin/silica interactions, which determine interface formation and properties. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Coll William & Mary, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 249 IS 1 BP 246 EP 252 DI 10.1006/jcis.2002.8254 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 547WL UT WOS:000175355700030 PM 16290592 ER PT J AU Chacon, L Knoll, DA Finn, JM AF Chacon, L Knoll, DA Finn, JM TI An implicit, nonlinear reduced resistive MHD solver SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jacobian-free; Newton-Krylov multigrid; physics-based preconditioning; implicit differencing; resistive MHD ID NEWTON-KRYLOV METHOD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC COMPUTATIONS; SYSTEMS; SCHEME; EQUATIONS; FLOW; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; ALGORITHM; DIFFUSION AB Implicit time differencing of the resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations can step over the limiting time scales-such as Alfven time scales-to resolve the dynamic time scales of interest. However, nonlinearities present in these equations make an implicit implementation cumbersome. Here, viable paths for an implicit, nonlinear time integration of the MHD equations are explored using a 2D reduced viscoresistive MHD model. The implicit time integration is performed using the Newton-Raphson iterative algorithm. employing Krylov iterative techniques for the required algebraic matrix inversions, implemented Jacobian-free (i.e., without ever forming and storing the Jacobian matrix). Convergence in Krylov techniques is accelerated by preconditioning the initial problem. A "physics-based" preconditioner, based on a semi-implicit approximation to the original set of partial differential equations, is employed. The preconditioner employs low-complexity multigrid techniques to invert approximately the resulting elliptic algebraic systems. The resulting 2D reduced resistive MHD implicit algorithm is shown to be successful in dealing with large time steps (on the order of the dynamical time scale of the problem) and fine grids. The algorithm is second-order accurate in time and scalable under grid refinement. Comparison of the implicit CPU time with an explicit integration method demonstrates CPU savings even for moderate (64 x 64) grids, and close to an order of magnitude in fine grids (256 x 256). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chacon, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 45 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 178 IS 1 BP 15 EP 36 DI 10.1006/jcph.2002.7015 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 545QH UT WOS:000175228500002 ER PT J AU Morrison, SJ Metzler, DR Dwyer, BP AF Morrison, SJ Metzler, DR Dwyer, BP TI Removal of As, Mn, Mo, Se, U, V and Zn from groundwater by zero-valent iron in a passive treatment cell: reaction progress modeling SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE permeable reactive barrier; passive groundwater treatment; zero-valent iron; reaction progress modeling ID PRECIPITATION; URANIUM(VI) AB Three treatment cells were operated at a site near Durango, CO. One treatment cell operated for more than 3 years. The treatment cells were used for passive removal of contamination from groundwater at a uranium mill tailings repository site. Zero-valent iron [Fe (0)] that had been powdered, bound with aluminosilicate and molded into plates was used as a reactive material in one treatment cell. The others used granular Fe(0) and steel wool. The treatment cells significantly reduced concentrations of As, Mn, Mo, Se, U, V and Zn in groundwater that flowed through it. Zero-valent iron [Fe(0)], magnetite (Fe3O4), Calcite (CaCO3), goethite (FeOOH) and mixtures of contaminant-bearing phases were identified in the solid fraction of one treatment cell. A reaction progress approach was used to model chemical evolution of water chemistry as it reacted with the Fe(0). Precipitation of calcite, ferrous hydroxide [Fe(OH)(2)] and ferrous sulfide (FeS) were used to simulate observed changes in major-ion aqueous chemistry. The amount of reaction progress differed for each treatment cell. Changes in contaminant concentrations were consistent with precipitation of reduced oxides (UO2, V2O3), sulfides (As2S3, ZnS), iron minerals (FeSe2, FeMoO4) and carbonate (MnCO3). Formation of a free gas phase and precipitation of minerals contributed to loss of hydraulic conductivity in one treatment cell. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Grand Junct Off, Environm Sci Lab, Grand Jct, CO 81503 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Morrison, SJ (reprint author), US DOE, Grand Junct Off, Environm Sci Lab, Grand Jct, CO 81503 USA. NR 29 TC 87 Z9 102 U1 7 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 116 AR PII S0169-7722(01)00205-4 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00205-4 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 555GC UT WOS:000175785300005 PM 12076025 ER PT J AU Braun, A Briggs, KM Boni, P AF Braun, A Briggs, KM Boni, P TI Analytical solution to Matthews' and Blakeslee's critical dislocation formation thickness of epitaxially grown thin films SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; critical thickness; defects; growth models; atomic layer epitaxy AB For the first time, an analytical expression for the critical thickness for the onset of misfit dislocations as established by Matthews and Blakeslee is presented. It is the so-called Lambert W function which reflects the curvature of this critical thickness. With the arrive of the analytical solution, expressions of arbitrary complexity that involve the critical thickness can be handled much more easily. Its practical application is demonstrated by implementation of Vegard's rule. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Environm Energy Technol, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. BTexact Technol, Martlesham Heath IP5 3RE, Suffolk, England. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E21, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Consortium Fossil Fuel Sci, 111 Whalen Bldg,533 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 NR 7 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2002 VL 241 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 234 AR PII S0022-0248(02)00941-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(02)00941-7 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 561MD UT WOS:000176143800033 ER PT J AU Liu, S Mazumder, P Trivedi, R AF Liu, S Mazumder, P Trivedi, R TI A new thermal assembly design for the directional solidification of transparent alloys SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulations; convection; directional solidification; morphological stability; alloys ID GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY AB A modified design of the thermal assembly is presented for the directional solidification or transparent alloys that eliminates the radial temperature gradient and minimizes the curvature of the interface, An additional booster heater is designed, and the position of the heater is shown to be critical in obtaining a flat interface, A full-scale numerical calculation. carried out for succinonitrile-0.5wt% Salol, shows that the interface concavity can be reduced gradually by placing the booster heater just above the cold end and by adjusting the temperature of the booster heater while keeping the hot and cold zone temperatures fixed. Experimental measurements of temperatures at the wall and at the center have been carried out systematically by using two calibrated thermocouples. and the observed thermal profiles have been shown to strongly support the numerical prediction. When a macroscopically flat interface is obtained, it is shown that columnar growth away from the ampoule wall can be observed and photographed. The effects of thermal gradient and the temperature setting of the booster heater on the planarity of the interface are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RP Liu, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, 232 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY PY 2002 VL 240 IS 3-4 BP 560 EP 568 AR PII S0022-0248(02)00878-3 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 557MH UT WOS:000175912000035 ER PT J AU Hemmers, O Blackburn, M Goddard, T Glans, P Wang, H Whitfield, SB Wehlitz, R Sellin, IA Lindle, DW AF Hemmers, O Blackburn, M Goddard, T Glans, P Wang, H Whitfield, SB Wehlitz, R Sellin, IA Lindle, DW TI Dipole and nondipole angular-distribution effects in valence photoemission from neon SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE photoionization; photoemission; electron spectroscopy; angular distributions ID RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS; ATOMIC PHOTOIONIZATION; ENERGY PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOELECTRONS; POLARIZATION; RETARDATION; MULTIPOLE; BREAKDOWN AB Nondipole angular-distribution parameters gamma and delta for neon 2s and 2p photoelectrons have been measured and are compared to all available theoretical data. The agreement is very good throughout the 150-1200 eV photon-energy range studied. Furthermore, the neon 2p dipole angular-distribution parameter beta and the 2s to 2p cross-section ratio have been measured throughout the same photon-energy range. The agreement between theoretical data and experiment is excellent. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Phys, S-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hemmers, O (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2-3 BP 257 EP 264 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00025-7 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00025-7 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 552WM UT WOS:000175643100013 ER PT J AU Samson, JAR Stolte, WC AF Samson, JAR Stolte, WC TI Precision measurements of the total photoionization cross-sections of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE photoionization cross-sections; helium; neon; argon; krypton; xenon ID OPTICAL OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SUM-RULES; PHOTOABSORPTION; ATOMS; HELIUM; KRYPTON; XENON AB Absolute photoionization cross-sections for the rare gases have been measured from threshold to 125 eV with an accuracy of +/-1 to 3% and are presented in both tabular and graphical form. These data are compared with the optical oscillator strength measurements of Brion and co-workers, who used the Dipole (e, e) collision technique. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Behlen Lab Phys, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Stolte, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 4-230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 276 AR PII S0368-2048(02)00026-9 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(02)00026-9 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 552WM UT WOS:000175643100014 ER PT J AU Liliental-Weber, Z Gao, YH Bando, Y AF Liliental-Weber, Z Gao, YH Bando, Y TI Transmission electron Microscopy characterization of GaN nanowires SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE TEM; GaN nanowires; carbon nanotube ID CARBON; GROWTH AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to study GaN nanowires grown on carbon nanotube surfaces by chemical reaction between Ga(2O)0 and NH3 gas in a conventional furnace. These wires grew in two crystallographic directions, <2110> and <0110> (fast growth directions of GaN), in the form of whiskers covered by small elongated GaN platelets. The morphology of these platelets is similar to that observed during the growth of single crystals from a Ga melt at high temperatures under high nitrogen pressure. It is thought that growth of nanowires in two different crystallographic directions and the arrangement of the platelets to the central whisker may be influenced by the presence of Ga2O3 (based on the observation of the energy dispersive x-ray spectra), the interplanar spacings in the wire, and the presence of defects on the interface between the central part of the nanowire and the platelets surrounding it. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Nanomat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; ling, peng/D-1464-2012 OI ling, peng/0000-0002-7902-4384 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0089-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600013 ER PT J AU Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z AF Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z TI Extended defects and polarity of hydride vapor phase epitaxy GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE GaN; HVPE; defects ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; III-V NITRIDES; INVERSION DOMAINS; DISLOCATION REDUCTION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; LASER-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH; LAYERS AB Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) GaN layers on sapphire substrates and so-called free-standing platelets (layers removed from the sapphire) were studied by different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Polarity, determined by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), and distribution of structural defects, determined by conventional TEM, are discussed. The HVPE layers were found to grow primarily with Ga-polarity. A few inversion domains (areas with N-polarity) were observed on the substrate side of one of the free-standing layers. The dominant structural defects in HVPE GaN layers are threading dislocations. A systematic reduction of their density with an increase in layer thickness was observed for all of the samples. The experimental results indicate that the density of dislocations is inversely proportional to the distance from the substrate, which agrees with the theoretical model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Jasinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0096-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600020 ER PT J AU Luo, B Johnson, JW Ren, F Allums, KK Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Dwivedi, R Fogarty, TN Wilkins, R Dabiran, AM Wowchack, AM Polley, CJ Chow, PP Baca, AG AF Luo, B Johnson, JW Ren, F Allums, KK Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Dwivedi, R Fogarty, TN Wilkins, R Dabiran, AM Wowchack, AM Polley, CJ Chow, PP Baca, AG TI High-energy proton irradiation effects on AIGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE AlGaN/GaN; high mobility transistor; proton irradiation effects ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; PERFORMANCE; GAN; MODULATION AB AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) show decreases in extrinsic transconductance, drain-source current threshold voltage, and gate current as a result of irradiation with 40 MeV protons at doses equivalent to decades in low-earth orbit. The data are consistent with the protons creating deep electron traps that increase the HEMT channel resistance. Postirradiation annealing at 300degreesC was able to restore similar to70% of the initial g(m) and I-DS values in HEMTs receiving proton doses of 5 X 10(10) cm(-2). C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Prairie View A&M Univ, Ctr Appl Radiat Res, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 12 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 437 EP 441 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0097-4 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600021 ER PT J AU Guo, YJ Weitsman, YJ AF Guo, YJ Weitsman, YJ TI Solution method for beams on nonuniform elastic foundations SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE elastic foundations; beams; Green's function; numerical analysis AB This technical note presents an analytical method, accompanied by a numerical scheme, to evaluate the response of beams on nonuniform elastic foundations, namely, when the foundation modulus is k = k(x). The method employs a Green's function formulation, which results in a system of nonsingular integral equations for the distributed reaction q(x). These equations can be discretized in a straightforward manner to yield a system of linear algebraic equations that can be solved by elementary numerical techniques. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Engn Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn & Engn Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guo, YJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Engn Technol, Mail Stop 8051, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2002 VL 128 IS 5 BP 592 EP 594 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:5(592) PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 544YB UT WOS:000175188500010 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, M Lasat, MM Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV Cornish, J AF Fuhrmann, M Lasat, MM Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV Cornish, J TI Uptake of cesium-137 and strontium-90 from contaminated soil by three plant species; application to phytoremediation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AQUILINUM L-KUHN; ACCUMULATION AB A field test was conducted to determine the ability of three plant species to extract Cs-137 and Sr-90 from contaminated soil. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus refroflexus L.), Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.], and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) were planted in a series of spatially randomized cells in soil that was contaminated in the 1950s and 1960s. We examined the potential for phytoextraction of Sr-90 and Cs-137 by these three species. Concentration ratios (CR) for Cs-137 for redroot pigweed, Indian mustard, and tepary bean were 2.58, 0.46, and 0.17, respectively. For Sr-90 they were substantially higher: 6.5, 8.2, and 15.2, respectively. The greatest accumulation of both radionuclides was obtained with redroot pigweed, even though its CR for Sr-90 was the lowest, because of its relatively large biomass. There was a linear relationship between the Cs-137 concentration in plants and its concentration in soil only for redroot pigweed. Uptake of Sr-90 exhibits no relationship to Sr-90 concentrations in the soil. Estimates of time required for removal of 50% of the two contaminants, assuming two crops of redroot pigweed per year, are 7 yr for Sr-90 and 18 yr for Cs-137. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. MSE Technol Applicat, Butte, MT USA. RP Fuhrmann, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Grp, Bldg 830, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 22 TC 41 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 904 EP 909 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550TL UT WOS:000175519300023 PM 12026094 ER PT J AU Lacey, JA Rodnick, KJ AF Lacey, JA Rodnick, KJ TI Important considerations for methaemoglobin measurement in fish blood: assay choice and storage conditions SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; NITRITE TOXICITY; FRESH-WATER; ERYTHROCYTES; RICHARDSON; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM AB Spectrophotometric assays of methaemoglobin (metHb) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, tilapias Tilapia nitoticus and Tilapia zillii and white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus, under baseline conditions, were low (<4%) for each species, and yet higher than human values (<1%). MetHb results for a given fish species varied significantly between assays and two assays were deemed unacceptable for particular animals. For rainbow trout, white sturgeon, and the two species of tilapia, the Dubowski method gave uncharacteristically high estimates of metHb. MetHb could not measured in tilapia blood using the Evelyn & Malloy method due to spectral interference. Only the Horecker & Brackett assay worked well for all species. Storage conditions were extremely important in the quantification of metHb in rainbow trout blood. For consistent values, samples can be stored tip to 4 h on ice (0 degreesC) or at least 20 days, under liquid nitrogen - 196 degreesC). Auto-oxidation, however, elevates rainbow trout metHb at -20 and - 80 degreesC. It should not be assumed that the blood of fishes and humans perform similarly during assays of metHb. (C) 2002 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Rodnick, KJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rodnkenn@isu.edu NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 60 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1169 DI 10.1006/jfbi.2002.1927 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 581DG UT WOS:000177275400008 ER PT J AU Vass, AA Barshick, SA Sega, G Caton, J Skeen, JT Love, JC Synstelien, JA AF Vass, AA Barshick, SA Sega, G Caton, J Skeen, JT Love, JC Synstelien, JA TI Decomposition chemistry of human remains: A new methodology for determining the postmortem interval SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; postmortem internal; time since death determinations; tissue composition; biomarkers ID HUMAN CADAVERS AB This study as conducted to characterize the chemistry associated with the decomposition of hum,an remains with the objective of identifying time-dependent biomarkers of decomposition, The purpose of this work was to develop an accurate and precise method for measuring the postmortem interval (PMI) of human remains. Eighteen subjects ere placed within a decay research facility throughout a four-year time period and allowed to decompose naturally, Field autopsies were performed and tissue sample were regularly collected until the tissues decomposed to the point were they were no longer recognizable (encompassing a cumulative degree hour (CDH) range of approximately, 1000 (similar to3 weeks)). Analysis of the biomarkers (amino acids. neurotransmitters, and decompositional by-products) in various organs (liver, kidney, heart, brain. muscle) revealed distinct patterns Useful for determining the PMI when based on CDHs. Proper use of the methods described herein allow for PMIs so accurate that the estimate is limited by the ability to obtain correct temperature data at a crime scene rather than sample variability. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Reg Forens Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Vass, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,X-10,4500S,MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 9 U2 61 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 542 EP 553 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 554KP UT WOS:000175734800015 PM 12051334 ER PT J AU Chameides, WL Luo, C Saylor, R Streets, D Huang, Y Bergin, M Giorgi, F AF Chameides, WL Luo, C Saylor, R Streets, D Huang, Y Bergin, M Giorgi, F TI Correlation between model-calculated anthropogenic aerosols and satellite-derived cloud optical depths: Indication of indirect effect? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; air pollution; haze; climate; indirect effect ID BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; GREENHOUSE GASES; OZONE POLLUTION; AIR-POLLUTION; CLIMATE MODEL; MINERAL DUST; CROP YIELDS AB [1] We consider two independently derived data sets. The first represents the annually averaged distribution of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia as derived by a coupled regional climate/chemical transport model. The other is the annually averaged distributions of cloud optical depths and cloud amount over East Asia derived by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) for 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1993. We find a remarkable similarity in the distributions of model-calculated anthropogenic aerosols and ISCCP-reported cloud optical depths, with both exhibiting a region of enhanced values extending over the east central portion of China, between the Sichuan Basin and the Yangtze Delta, and then in an easterly direction over the East China Sea, Japan, and South Korea, and the western edge of the Pacific Ocean. Linear regression between the estimated aerosol column burdens and the cloud optical depths yields an r(2) > 0.6, indicating that the correlations are statistically significant at a confidence level that is >99.9% and that more than 60% of the variation in the cloud optical depths is related to variations in the anthropogenic aerosol abundances. Multivariate analysis involving the distributions of boundary layer relative humidity and precipitation over East Asia, as well as that of the model-calculated anthropogenic aerosols and the ISCCP-reported cloud properties, indicates that the relationship between anthropogenic aerosols and cloud optical depth is unique to these two variables and not symptomatic of a more general mechanism involving the hydrologic cycle. Trend analysis of the ISCCP data suggests that there was an upward trend in cloud optical depths over areas in East Asia impacted by air pollution during the early 1990s that would have corresponded to the likely increase in anthropogenic aerosol concentrations over this period in East Asia in response to growing anthropogenic emissions. A likely explanation for these findings is that there is a mechanistic coupling between anthropogenic aerosol concentrations and cloud optical properties; one such mechanism is the so-called first and second indirect effect by which aerosols enhance the optical depths and albedos of clouds by increasing the number of droplets within clouds and suppressing precipitation from clouds, respectively. The regressions further suggest that the cloud optical depths increase on average by 0.16 for each 1 mg m(-2) increase in the column-integrated anthropogenic aerosol burden. Simple box-model calculations suggest that this is equivalent to a cooling over the model domain from anthropogenic aerosols via the indirect effect that is a factor of about 1.5 times that from the direct effect. Accounting for a possible underestimate in model-simulated aerosol concentrations over the model domain of as much as a factor of 0.6 would lower the estimated cooling from the indirect effect to about 1 times that from the direct effect. In contrast to the results using ISSCP-derived cloud optical depths, the correlation between the model-calculated anthropogenic aerosols and average cloud amount over the model domain was relatively weak and inconsistent. This result arose perhaps because of a cancelling of the competing influences on cloud lifetime and frequency by the second indirect effect and the so-called semi direct effect (i.e., the suppression of clouds by absorbing aerosols). C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM wcham@eas.gatech.edu RI Giorgi, Filippo/C-3169-2013; Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014 OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290 NR 73 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS D10 AR 4085 DI 10.1029/2000JD000208 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HA UT WOS:000178896500021 ER PT J AU Han, JH Hung, HM Martin, ST AF Han, JH Hung, HM Martin, ST TI Size effect of hematite and corundum inclusions on the efflorescence relative humidities of aqueous ammonium nitrate particles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE efflorescence; ammonium nitrate; mineral dusts; coated particles; heterogeneous nucleation ID AEROSOL CHEMICAL REACTOR; METAL-OXIDE PARTICLES; ION MEASUREMENTS; WATER ACTIVITY; IDAHO-HILL; SULFATE; (NH4)(2)SO4-H2SO4-H2O; CRYSTALLIZATION; MANIPULATION; EVAPORATION AB [1] The influence of relative humidity (RH) and mineral dust inclusions on the physical state of NH4NO3/H2O particles is investigated through infrared aerosol flow tube experiments. Neat submicron aqueous particles do not effloresce, while those bearing mineral inclusions ranging from 150 to 400 nm in diameter effloresce between 3 and 10% RH at 298 K. NH4NO3/H2O coatings are achieved on hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), corundum (alpha-Al2O3), mullite (Al6Si2O13), and amorphous silica (am-SiO2) through a HNO3 vaporization-condensation technique followed by neutralization with NH3. The extent of internal mixing in the aerosol ranges from 7 to 27% depending on the mineral dust diameter. The size-dependent efflorescence results are successfully rationalized within the framework of an active-site model, and the physical parameters obtained from the model optimization are consistent with previous work on the efflorescence of (NH4)(2)SO4/H2O by these mineral dusts. Evidence is presented for a mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation that proceeds by chemisorption of nitrate at the surface of the oxide minerals followed by epitaxial germ formation of crystalline NH4NO3, all of which is driven by the saturation of the aqueous solution with respect to the solid. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Chem, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Han, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Chem, Div Atmospher Sci, 75 Rutherford Dr,Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM scot_martin@harvard.edu RI Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015; Hung, Hui-Ming/E-3851-2016 OI Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; Hung, Hui-Ming/0000-0002-6755-6359 NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS D10 AR 4086 DI 10.1029/2001JD001054 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HA UT WOS:000178896500020 ER PT J AU Kao, CYJ Cooper, DI Reisner, JM Eichinger, WE Ghil, M AF Kao, CYJ Cooper, DI Reisner, JM Eichinger, WE Ghil, M TI Probing near-surface atmospheric turbulence with high-resolution lidar measurements and models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; TIME-SERIES; AIRCRAFT; OCEAN AB [1] Lidar technology provides fast data collection at a resolution of meters in a three-dimensional atmospheric volume. A modeling counterpart of this lidar capability can greatly enhance our understanding of near-surface atmospheric turbulence. This paper describes an integrated research capability on the basis of data from a scanning water vapor lidar and a high-resolution hydrodynamic model (HIGRAD) equipped with a visualization routine (VIEWER) which simulates the lidar scanning. The purpose is to better understand the degree to which the lidar measurements represent faithfully the spatial and temporal features of the atmospheric boundary layer and to extend the utility of the measurements in studying turbulent fields in this layer. Raman lidar water vapor data collected over the Pacific warm pool and the HIGRAD simulations thereof are first compared with each other. The results are then used to identify the potential aliasing effects of lidar measurements due to the relatively long duration of the lidar scanning. This integrated lidar-model capability also helps improve the trade-off between the spatial and the temporal resolution of the lidar measurements on the one hand and their coverage on the other. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Kao, CYJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663,MS F664, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kao@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS D10 AR 4081 DI 10.1029/2001JD000746 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609HA UT WOS:000178896500025 ER PT J AU Dubinin, E Skalsky, A Song, P Savin, S Kozyra, J Moore, TE Russell, CT Chandler, MO Fedorov, A Avanov, L Sauvaud, JA Friedel, RHW AF Dubinin, E Skalsky, A Song, P Savin, S Kozyra, J Moore, TE Russell, CT Chandler, MO Fedorov, A Avanov, L Sauvaud, JA Friedel, RHW TI Polar-Interball coordinated observations of plasma and magnetic field characteristics in the regions of the northern and southern distant cusps SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETOSPHERIC CUSPS; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; PARTICLE SIGNATURES; INTERMEDIATE SHOCKS; RECONNECTION LAYER; KINETIC STRUCTURE; NORTHWARD IMF AB [1] The structure of the high-latitude magnetosphere near the polar cusps is studied by using coordinated observations from the Polar and Interball satellites. While Polar surveyed the northern polar cusp region, Interball sampled the high-altitude region in the vicinity of the southern cusp in similar local times. A "magnetic turbulent region'' that is distinct from the magnetosphere and magnetosheath and consists of recurrent small-scale events is observed in both hemispheres. The small-scale events often contain a steep ramp followed by a wave train. The events are characterized by a steep increase in the ion energy followed by dispersed velocity filter features. Kinetic and fluid characteristics of ions and a test of the Walen relation show that the events are associated with reconnection processes. S-shaped polarization of the magnetic field variations is a characteristic feature in many cases indicating the existence of intermediate shocks. The change in the low-energy cutoff of injected ions indicates that the reconnection site is about a few Earth radii from Polar. Reflected ions on the reconnected magnetospheric field lines, which are not predicted by simple reconnection scenarios, are also observed. Coexistence of transmitted and reflected ions gives rise to a "stagnant'' plasma on the magnetospheric field lines. Characteristics of ions and electrons strongly support the suggestion that the field lines threading the plasma in these regions, which extend from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere, are connected, at least at one end, with the Earth. In other words, the boundary layer is located, at least partly, on reconnected field lines. In contrast, a turbulent region in the indentation of the cusps has been thought to be in the magnetosheath and not to be connected with the Earth. Although the events observed by both satellites have a certain similarity, the probability of conjugated events being recorded by both satellites is small. It is believed that the visible similarity between the observations from the two hemispheres is due to structures that are characteristic features of a single transient reconnection event. C1 Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Moscow Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. NASA, Extraterr Phys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Space Sci Lab, Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dubinin, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Aeron, Max Planck Str 2, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Moore, Thomas/D-4675-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-3150-1137 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 107 IS A5 AR 1053 DI 10.1029/2001JA900068 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609ML UT WOS:000178909100013 ER PT J AU Chacko, Z Luty, MA AF Chacko, Z Luty, MA TI Realistic anomaly mediation with bulk gauge fields SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; supersymmetric standard model ID SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING AB We present a simple general framework for realistic models of supersymmetry breaking driven by anomaly mediation. We consider a 5-dimensional 'brane universe' where the visible and hidden sectors are localized on different branes, and the standard model gauge bosons propagate in the bulk. In this framework there can be charged scalar messengers that have contact interactions with the hidden sector, either localized in the hidden sector or in the bulk. These scalars obtain soft masses that feed into visible sector scalar masses at two loop order via bulk gauge interactions. This contribution is automatically flavor-blind, and can be naturally positive. If the messengers are in the bulk this contribution is automatically the same order of magnitude as the anomaly mediated contribution, independent of the brane spacing. If the messengers are localized to a brane the two erects are of the same order for relatively small brane spacings. The gaugino masses and A terms are determined completely by anomaly mediation. In order for anomaly mediation to dominate over radion mediation the radion must be is stabilized in a manner that preserves supersymmetry, with supergravity erects included. We show that this occurs in simple models. We also show that the mu problem can be solved by the vacuum expectation value of a singlet in this framework. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ZChacko@lbl.gov; mluty@physics.umd.edu NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 IS 5 AR 047 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 584BM UT WOS:000177447400047 ER PT J AU Fabinger, M AF Fabinger, M TI Higher-dimensional quantum Hall effect in string theory SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; M(atrix) theories; brane dynamics in gauge theories; non-commutative geometry ID HARMONICS; MONOPOLE; FIELDS AB We construct a string theory realization of the 4 + 1d quantum Hall erect recently described by Zhang and Hu. The string theory picture contains coincident D4-branes forming an S-4 and having D0-branes (i.e. instantons) in their world-volume. The charged particles are modelled as string ends. Their configuration space approaches in the large-N limit a CP3, which is an S-2 fibration over S-4, the extra S-2 being made out of the Chan-Paton degrees of freedom. An alternative matrix theory description involves the fuzzy S-4. We also find that there is a hierarchy of quantum Hall erects in odd-dimensional spacetimes, generalizing the known cases in 2 + 1d and 4 + 1d. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fabinger@stanford.edu NR 40 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 IS 5 AR 037 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 584BM UT WOS:000177447400037 ER PT J AU Ganor, OJ Sonnenschein, J AF Ganor, OJ Sonnenschein, J TI On the strong coupling dynamics of heterotic string theory on C-3/Z(3) SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstrings and heterotic strings; M-theory ID CALABI-YAU SPACES; FIELD-THEORIES; ORBIFOLDS; SUPERGRAVITY; TRANSITIONS AB We study the strong coupling dynamics of the heterotic E-8 x E-8 string theory on the orbifolds T-6/Z(3) and C-3/Z(3) using the duality with the Horava-Witten M-theory picture. This leads us to a conjecture about the low energy description of the five dimensional E-0-theory (the CFT that describes the the singularity region of M-theory on C-3/Z(3)) compactified on S-1/Z(2). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM origa@socrates.berkeley.edu; cobi@ias.edu NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 IS 5 AR 018 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 584BM UT WOS:000177447400018 ER PT J AU Murayama, H Perazzi, E AF Murayama, H Perazzi, E TI New theories with quantum modified moduli space SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nonperturbative erects; solitons monopoles and instantons ID SUPERSYMMETRIC GAUGE-THEORIES; ELECTRIC-MAGNETIC DUALITY AB Kutasov-type duals of supersymmetric gauge theories had been studied only in the dual regime and the s-confining case. Here we extend the discussion to the case of less flavor, analogous to the case of quantum-modified moduli space in Seiberg duality. Unlike the Seiberg duality, however, we find that parts of the moduli space become superconformal, generalizing the so far isolated example of SU(2) theory with two doublets and a triplet. We also point out that the magnetic superpotential needs to be augmented by an additional instanton-generated piece when the magnetic group is SU(2). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Phys Grp, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM murayama@lbl.gov; EPerazzi@lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 IS 5 AR 055 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 584BM UT WOS:000177447400055 ER PT J AU Petriello, FJ AF Petriello, FJ TI Kaluza-Klein erects on Higgs physics in universal extra dimensions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; beyond standard model; Higgs physics ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; MASS SCALES; UNIFICATION; BOSON; TEV; MILLIMETER; HIERARCHY; COLLIDERS; MODEL AB We examine the virtual erects of Kaluza-Klein (KK) states on Higgs physics in universal extra dimension models. We study the partial widths Gamma(h-->gg), Gamma(h-->gammagamma), and Gamma(h-->gamma)Z, which are relevant for Higgs production and detection in future collider experiments. These interactions occur at one loop in the Standard Model, as do the KK contributions. We find that the deviations induced by the KK exchanges can be significant; for one extra dimension, the gg --> h production rate is increased by 10% - 85% for the meass of the first KK state in the range 500 greater than or similar to m(1) greater than or similar to 1500 GeV, a region untested by current direct search and precision measurement constraints. The h --> gammagamma decay width is decreased by less than or similar to 20% in the same mass range. For two or more universal extra dimensions the results are cutoff dependent, and can only be qualitatively estimated. We comment on the detectability of these shifts at the LHC and at future e(+)e and gammagamma colliders. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM frankp@leland.stanford.edu NR 48 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 IS 5 AR 003 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2002/05/003 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 584BM UT WOS:000177447400003 ER PT J AU Silva, MD Helmer, KG Lee, JH Han, SS Springer, CS Sotak, CH AF Silva, MD Helmer, KG Lee, JH Han, SS Springer, CS Sotak, CH TI Deconvolution of compartmental water diffusion coefficients in yeast-cell suspensions using combined T-1 and diffusion measurements SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE relaxography; diffusigraphy; contrast reagent; yeast-cell suspension; water apparent diffusion coefficient ID TIME-DEPENDENT DIFFUSION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; RELAXATION-TIMES; IN-VIVO; NMR; TISSUE; BRAIN AB An NMR method is presented for measuring compartment-specific water diffusion coefficient (D) values. It uses relaxography, employing an extracellular contrast reagent (CR) to distinguish intracellular (IC) and extracellular (EC) (H2O)-H-1 signals by differences in their respective longitudinal (T-1) relaxation times. A diffusion-weighted inversion-recovery spin-echo (DW-IRSE) pulse sequence was used to acquire IR data sets with systematically and independently varying inversion time (TI) and diffusion-attenuation gradient amplitude (g) values. Implementation of the DW-IRSE technique was demonstrated and validated using yeast cells suspended in 3 mM Gd-DTPA(2-) with a wet/dry mass ratio of 3.25: 1.0. Two-dimensional (2D) NMR data were acquired at 2.0 T and analyzed using numerical inverse Laplace transformation (2D- and sequential 1D-ILT) and sequential exponential fitting to yield T-1 and water D values. All three methods gave substantial agreement. Exponential fitting, deemed the most accurate and time efficient, yielded T-1 : D (relative contribution) values of 304 ms: 0.023 x 10(-5) cm(2)/s (47%) and 65 ms: 1.24 x 10(-5) cm(2)/s (53%) for the IC and EC components, respectively. The compartment-specific D values derived from direct biexponential fitting of diffusion-attenuation data were also in good agreement. Extension of the DW-IRSE method to in vivo models should provide valuable insights into compartment-specific water D changes in response to injury or disease. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Biomed Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Biochem & Chem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. RP Sotak, CH (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Biomed Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM csotak@wpi.edu RI Lee, Jing-Huei/J-3978-2016; OI Lee, Jing-Huei/0000-0001-9921-7629; Springer, Charles/0000-0002-5966-2135 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM32125]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS40801] NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 52 EP 63 DI 10.1006/jmre.2002.2527 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 568UE UT WOS:000176562100006 PM 12081442 ER PT J AU Heise, H Sakellariou, D Meriles, CA Moule, A Pines, A AF Heise, H Sakellariou, D Meriles, CA Moule, A Pines, A TI Two-dimensional high-resolution NMR spectra in matched B-0 and B-1 field gradients SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE nutation echo; magnetic field gradient; RF gradient; ex-situ NMR; 2D NMR ID INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MOUSE; RESONANCE; SIGNALS; ECHOES AB In a recent publication we presented a method to obtain highly resolved NMR spectra in the presence of an inhomogeneous B-0 field with the help of a matched RF gradient. If RF gradient pulses are combined with "ideal" 90degrees pulses to form inhomogeneous z rotation pulses, the line broadening caused by the B-0 gradient can be refocused, while the full chemical shift information is maintained. This approach is of potential use for NMR spectroscopy in an inhomogeneous magnetic field produced by an "ex-situ" surface spectrometer. In this contribution, we extend this method toward two-dimensional spectroscopy with high resolution in one or both dimensions. Line narrowing in the indirect dimension can be achieved by two types of nutation echoes, thus leading to depth-sensitive NMR spectra with full chemical shift information. If the nutation echo in the indirect dimension is combined with a stroboscopic acquisition using inhomogeneous z-rotation pulses, highly resolved two-dimensional correlation spectra can be obtained in matched field gradients. Finally, we demonstrate that an INEPT coherence transfer from proton to carbon spins is possible in inhomogeneous B-0 fields. Thus, it is possible to obtain one-dimensional C-13 NMR spectra with increased sensitivity and two-dimensional HETCOR spectra in the presence of B-0 gradients of 0.4 mT/cm. These schemes may be of some value for ex-situ NMR analysis of materials and biological systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010; Heise, Henrike/A-7703-2010; Moule, Adam/B-9484-2013 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543; Heise, Henrike/0000-0002-9081-3894; Moule, Adam/0000-0003-1354-3517 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 156 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1006/jmre.2002.2545 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 568UE UT WOS:000176562100016 PM 12081452 ER PT J AU De Raedt, HA Hams, AH Dobrovitski, VV Al-Saqer, M Katsnelson, MI Harmon, BN AF De Raedt, HA Hams, AH Dobrovitski, VV Al-Saqer, M Katsnelson, MI Harmon, BN TI Many-spin effects and tunneling splittings in Mn-12 magnetic molecules SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE tunneling; splittings; numerical diagonalization; magnetic molecules ID QUANTUM; CLUSTERS AB We calculate the tunneling splittings in a Mn-12 magnetic molecule taking into account its internal many-spin structure. We discuss the precision and reliability of these calculations and show that restricting the basis (limiting the number of excitations taken into account) may lead to significant error (orders of magnitude) in the resulting tunneling splittings for the lowest energy levels, so that an intuitive picture of different decoupled energy scales does not hold in this case. Possible routes for further development of the many-spin model of Mn-12 are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RP Dobrovitski, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; OI De Raedt, Hans/0000-0001-8461-4015 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 246 IS 3 BP 392 EP 398 AR PII S0304-8853(02)00111-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00111-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 563NW UT WOS:000176263300008 ER PT J AU Chuzhoy, L DeVor, RE Kapoor, SG Bammann, DJ AF Chuzhoy, L DeVor, RE Kapoor, SG Bammann, DJ TI Microstructure-level modeling of ductile iron machining SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION; WORKPIECE AB A microstructure-level model for simulation of machining of cast irons using the finite element method is presented. The model explicitly combines ferritic and pearlitic grains with graphite nodules to produce the ductile iron structure. The behaviors of pearlite, ferrite, and graphite are captured individually using an internal state variable model for the material model. The behavior of each phase is dependent on strain, strain I-ate, temperature, and amount of damage. Extensive experimentation was conducted to characterize material strain rare and temperature dependency of both ferrite and pearlite. The model is applied to orthogonal machining of ductile iron, The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of successfully capturing the influence of microstructure on machinability and part performance. The stress, strain, temperature, and damage results obtained from the model are found to correlate well with experimental results found in the literature. Furthermore, the model is capable of handling various microstructures in other heterogeneous materials such as steels. C1 Caterpillar Inc, Ctr Tech, R&D, Peoria, IL 61629 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chuzhoy, L (reprint author), Caterpillar Inc, Ctr Tech, R&D, Peoria, IL 61629 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 162 EP 169 DI 10.1115/1.1455642 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 557BW UT WOS:000175888300002 ER PT J AU Freitag, L Urness, T AF Freitag, L Urness, T TI Analyzing industrial furnace efficiency using comparative visualization in a virtual reality environment SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB We describe an interactive toolkit used to perform comparative analysis of two or more data sets arising from numerical simulations. Several techniques have been incorporated into this toolkit, including (1) successive visualization of individual data sets, (2) data comparison techniques such as computation and visualization of the differences between data sets, and (3) image comparison methods such as scalar field height profiles plotted in a common coordinate system. We describe each technique in detail and short, example usage in an industrial application aimed at designing an efficient, low-NOx burner for industrial furnaces. Critical insights are obtained by interactively adjusted color maps, data culling, and data manipulation. New paradigms for scaling small values in the data comparison technique are described. The display, device used for this application is the CAVE virtual reality theater, and we describe the user interface to the visualization toolkit and the benefits of immersive 3D visualization for comparative analysis. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Freitag, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2002 VL 124 IS 2 BP 456 EP 461 DI 10.1115/1.1445150 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 557BW UT WOS:000175888300036 ER PT J AU Ketola, RA Kotiaho, T Cisper, ME Allen, TM AF Ketola, RA Kotiaho, T Cisper, ME Allen, TM TI Environmental applications of membrane introduction mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Review DE membrane introduction mass spectrometry; water analysis; soil analysis; air analysis; environmental analysis; organic compounds; permanent gases ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DESORPTION CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PURGE-AND-MEMBRANE; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; TRACE-LEVEL ANALYSIS; QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER SAMPLES AB The purpose of this review is to highlight the versatility of membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) in environmental applications, summarize the measurements of environmental volatile organic compounds (VOCs) accomplished using MIMS, present developments in the detection of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and forecast possible future directions of MIMS in environmental applications. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 VTT Proc, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Pharm, Viikki Drug Discovery Technol Ctr, DDTC, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Isotag Technol Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ketola, RA (reprint author), VTT Proc, POB 1401, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland. NR 169 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 35 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 457 EP 476 DI 10.1002/jms.327 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 557AW UT WOS:000175886000002 PM 12112751 ER PT J AU Jesse, S Pedraza, AJ Fowlkes, JD Budai, JD AF Jesse, S Pedraza, AJ Fowlkes, JD Budai, JD TI Etching-enhanced ablation and the formation of a microstructure in silicon by laser irradiation in an SF6 atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; OXYGEN; ARF AB Sequential pulsed-laser irradiation of silicon in SF6 atmospheres induced the formation of an ensemble of microholes and rnicrocones. Profilometry measurements and direct imaging with an intensifying charge-coupled device camera were used to study the evolution of this microstructure and the laser-generated plume. Both the partial pressure of SF6 and the total pressure of an SF6-inert gas mixture strongly influenced the maximum height that the microcones attained over the initial surface. The cones first grew continuously with the number of pulses, reached a maximum, and then began to recede as the number of laser pulses increased further. The growth of the cones was closely connected with the evolution of the laser-generated plume. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pedraza, AJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1002 EP 1013 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0148 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 548XF UT WOS:000175414600015 ER PT J AU Flores, KM Suh, D Dauskardt, RH Asoka-Kumar, P Sterne, PA Howell, RH AF Flores, KM Suh, D Dauskardt, RH Asoka-Kumar, P Sterne, PA Howell, RH TI Characterization of free volume in a bulk metallic glass using positron annihilation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; AMORPHOUS METALS; FRACTURE; LIQUID; STATE; FLOW AB The free volume of metallic glasses has a significant effect on atomic relaxation processes, although a detailed understanding of the nature and distribution of free volume sites is currently lacking. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to study free volume in a Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be bulk metallic glass following plastic straining and cathodic charging, with atomic hydrogen. Multiple techniques were used to show that strained samples had more open volume, while moderate hydrogen charging resulted in a free volume decrease. It was also shown that the free volume is associated with zirconium and titanium at the expense of nickel, copper, and beryllium. Plastic straining led to a slight chemical reordering. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Flores, KM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 19 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 35 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1161 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0171 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 548XF UT WOS:000175414600038 ER PT J AU Barnum, H Knill, E AF Barnum, H Knill, E TI Reversing quantum dynamics with near-optimal quantum and classical fidelity SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We consider the problem of reversing quantum dynamics, with the goal of preserving an initial state's quantum entanglement or classical correlation with a reference system. We exhibit an approximate reversal operation, adapted to the initial density operator and the "noise" dynamics to be reversed. We show that its error in preserving either quantum or classical information is no more than twice that of the optimal reversal operation. Applications to quantum algorithms and information transmission are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2097 EP 2106 DI 10.1063/1.1459754 PG 10 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 544EK UT WOS:000175145100003 ER PT J AU Small, JA Michael, JR Bright, DS AF Small, JA Michael, JR Bright, DS TI Improving the quality of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns from nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE crystallographic identification; EBSD; individual-particle analysis; nanoparticles; phase identification; SEM AB In this study, we investigated the relative contributions of atomic number (Z) and density (rho) to the degradation of the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) pattern quality for nanoparticles <500 nm in diameter. This was accomplished by minimizing the diffuse scattering from the conventional thick mounting substrate through the design of a sample holder that can accommodate particles mounted on thin-film TEM substrates. With this design, the contributions of incoherently scattered electrons that result in the diffuse background are minimized. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were made of the EBSD pattern quality obtained from Al2O3 particles approximately 200 nm in diameter mounted on both thick- and thin-film C substrates. For the quantitative comparison we developed a 'quality' factor for EBSD patterns that is based on the ratio of two Hough transforms derived from a given EBSD pattern image. The calculated quality factor is directly proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio for the EBSD pattern. In addition to the comparison of the thick and thin mounting substrates, we also estimated the effects of Z and ρ by comparing the EBSD pattern quality from the Al2O3 particles mounted on thin-film substrates with the quality of patterns obtained from Fe-Co nanoparticles approximately 120 nm in diameter. The results indicate that the increased background generated in EBSD patterns by the electrons escaping through the bottom of the small particles is the dominant reason for the poor EBSD pattern quality from nanoparticles <500 nm in size. This was supported by the fact that we were able to obtain usable EBSD patterns from Al2O3 particles as small as 130 nm using the thin-film mounting method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Small, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 206 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01015.x PN 2 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 549YP UT WOS:000175475600009 PM 12000557 ER PT J AU Hall, JA Larsen, JH Fitzner, RE AF Hall, JA Larsen, JH Fitzner, RE TI Morphology of the prometamorphic larva of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura : Pelobatidae), with an emphasis on the lateral line system and mouthparts SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anura; herbivorous larval morph; lateral line; mouthparts; Scaphiopus; Spea ID NEUROMAST TOPOGRAPHY; TADPOLES; AMPHIBIANS; PLASTICITY AB We provide a detailed description of the larval morphology of the Great Basin spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus intermontanus), a species with documented morphological variability in larval structures associated with feeding. We based our findings on laboratory-raised individuals fed a herbivorous diet. We characterized the morphology of the prometamorphic larva (limited to developmental stages 37 and 38) and then related our findings to the larval ecology of the species. Based on its morphology, such as slightly depressed body, dorsally positioned eyes, anteroventrally oriented oral disc, intermediate tail fin height and slightly attenuated tail tip, relative lack of ventral neuromasts (compared to Xenopus laevis), and pigmentation banding patterns, and habits, such as selection of breeding sites by adults and larval foraging behavior, S. intermontanus can be characterized best as belonging to a (lentic-) benthic guild of anuran larvae. Nevertheless, the larvae are capable of occupying a broader array of ecological niches. Because we characterized individuals raised on a herbivorous diet, our morphological descriptions apply only to the herbivorous S. intermontanus larva (and perhaps to those larvae that are dietary generalists and may feed carnivorously only infrequently). Our findings can serve as a baseline for future morphological and developmental comparisons with the carnivorous morphological variant of this species. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hall, JA (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, 1510 East Ft Lowell Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 69 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 252 IS 2 BP 114 EP 130 DI 10.1002/jmor.1094 PG 17 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 540XM UT WOS:000174956200003 PM 11921040 ER PT J AU Narayan, RK Michel, ME AF Narayan, RK Michel, ME CA The Clin Trials Head Injury Study TI Clinical trials in head injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE clinical trials; head injury; intracranial pressure; outcome measures; traumatic brain injury; trial design; uniformed consent ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE; MULTICENTER TRIAL; ANTAGONIST; DEXAMETHASONE; HU-211; NEUROPROTECTANT; HYDROPEROXIDES AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health problem globally. In the United States the incidence of closed head injuries admitted to hospitals is conservatively estimated to be 200 per 100,000 population, and the incidence of penetrating head injury is estimated to be 12 per 100,000, the highest of any developed country in the world. This yields an approximate number of 500,000 new cases each year, a sizeable proportion of which demonstrate signficant long-term disabilities. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of proven therapies for this disease. For a variety of reasons, clinical trials for this condition have been difficult to design and perform. Despite promising pre-clinical data, most of the trials that have been performed in recent years have failed to demonstrate any significant improvement in outcomes. The reasons for these failures have not always been apparent and any insights gained were not always shared. It was therefore feared that we were running the risk of repeating our mistakes. Recognizing the importance of TBI, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) sponsored a workshop that brought together experts from clinical,, research, and pharmaceutical backgrounds. This workshop proved to be very informative and yielded many insights into previous and future TBI trials. This paper is an attempt to summarize the key points made at the workshop. It is hoped that these lessons will enhance the planning and design of future efforts in this important field of research. C1 Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH NCMRR, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Texas HSC, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. Brain Trauma Fdn, New York, NY USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA USA. Pfizer Global R&D, Ann Arbor, MI USA. NIH, NINDS, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Food & Drug Adv, Rockville, MD USA. Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Acad Hosp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA. Parke Davis Pharmaceut Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. Pharmos Corp, Iselin, NJ USA. Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. So Gen Hosp, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. Allegheny Gen Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Kentucky, Chandler Med Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. Pfizer Pharmaceut Inc, Groton, CT USA. RP Narayan, RK (reprint author), Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Dept Neurosurg, 3401 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM Narayan@nimbus.temple.edu RI Kochanek, Patrick/D-2371-2015 OI Kochanek, Patrick/0000-0002-2627-913X FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS038654, R01 NS038654-02] NR 50 TC 489 Z9 503 U1 0 U2 22 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 503 EP 557 DI 10.1089/089771502753754037 PG 55 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 557PA UT WOS:000175915900001 PM 12042091 ER PT J AU Groch, MW Schippers, DJ Marshall, RC Groch, PJ Erwin, WD AF Groch, MW Schippers, DJ Marshall, RC Groch, PJ Erwin, WD TI Quantitative gated blood pool SPECT: Analysis of 3-dimensional models for the assessment of regional myocardial wall motion SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY AUG 25-29, 2001 CL NAPLES, ITALY SP European Assoc Nucl Med DE gated blood pool imaging; gated single photon emission computed tomography; regional myocardial wall motion ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; VENTRICULAR-FUNCTION; EJECTION FRACTION; RADIONUCLIDE; VOLUMES AB Background. Gated blood pool single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (GBPS) uses truly 3-dimensional (31)) data, requiring attention to appropriate reference systems and segmentation models for proper quantification. To date, optimal 3D reference models have not been evaluated. In this study several techniques for 3D GBPS were evaluated. Methods and Results. Static and dynamic cardiac phantom evaluations were performed, and GBPS studies for 3 healthy subjects and 9 patients were processed by a variety of 3D analysis techniques to determine the optimum parameters for identification of abnormal segments when compared with coronary arteriography and left ventriculography. Left ventricular wall motion was quantified by calculation of regional ejection fraction (rEF) through use of count, volume, and cord length changes from end diastole to end systole. Three contractile models were evaluated: (1) fixed center of mass (COM), (2) floating COM, and (3) a modification of the method developed by Slager et al (J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;7:317-26), based on the motion of implanted endocardial markers. Eight, twelve, and eighteen 3D segments were analyzed by means of the 3 contractile models and correlated against coronary artery disease assessed by coronary arteriography. Single-head gamma-camera acquisition provided adequate counting statistics to reliably compute rEF for up to 18 left ventricular segments. Using count changes the overall results were able to identify myocardium supplied by diseased coronary arteries when compared with coronary arteriography. Cord length and, to a lesser degree, volume changes provided somewhat poorer sensitivities and specificities when compared with rEF computed from regional count changes, as compared with coronary arteriography. Conclusions. Three-dimensional quantitative GBPS appears to be a sensitive method for assessing wall motion defects due to coronary artery disease. (J Nucl Cardiol 2002;9:271-84.). C1 Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. St Marys Hlth Ctr, Grand Rapids, MI USA. VA Med Ctr, Martinez, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groch, PJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, 251 E Huron St, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 1071-3581 J9 J NUCL CARDIOL JI J. Nucl. Cardiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1067/mnc.2002.121448 PG 14 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 569XN UT WOS:000176628100004 PM 12032475 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Farrell, K Lee, EH Mansur, LK Maloy, SA James, MR Johnson, WR AF Byun, TS Farrell, K Lee, EH Mansur, LK Maloy, SA James, MR Johnson, WR TI Temperature effects on the mechanical properties of candidate SNS target container materials after proton and neutron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEELS; BEHAVIOR AB This report presents the tensile properties of EC316LN austenitic stainless steel and 9Cr-2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel after 800 MeV proton and spallation neutron irradiation to doses in the range 0.54-2.53 dpa at 30-100 degreesC. Tensile testing was performed at room temperature (20 degreesC) and 164 degreesC. The EC316LN stainless steel maintained notable strain-hardening capability after irradiation, while the 9Cr-2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel posted negative hardening in the engineering stress-strain curves, In the EC316LN stainless steel, increasing the test temperature from 20 to 164 degreesC decreased the strength by 13-18% and the ductility by 8-36%. The effect of test temperature for the 9Cr-2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel was less significant than for the EC316LN stainless steel. In addition, strain-hardening behaviors were analyzed for EC316LN and 316L stainless steels. The strain-hardening rate of the 316 stainless steels was largely dependent on test temperature. A calculation using reduction of area measurements and stress-strain data predicted positive strain hardening during plastic instability.. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 303 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00806-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00806-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 558TX UT WOS:000175983600003 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TO Byman, NA Landry, F Kolman, DG Taleff, EM AF Sullivan, TO Byman, NA Landry, F Kolman, DG Taleff, EM TI Corrosion resistance of structural materials to Ga2O at 1000 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; GALLIUM; ATTACK; ALLOYS; OXIDE; FUEL AB The thermally-induced gallium removal (TIGR) process is capable of removing gallium from oxide powders through the sublimation of Ga2O at elevated temperatures in a reducing atmosphere. Heat-resistant structural materials typically used in the construction of furnaces and reaction chambers may be susceptible to embrittlement and corrosion in the gallium-rich environment of the TIGR process. The susceptibilities of several heat-resistant structural materials to corrosion in Ga2O-rich atmospheres are experimentally evaluated. Tungsten and SiC are found to be highly resistant to corrosive attack by Ga2O at elevated temperatures. Superalloys containing chromium and cobalt as well as a tungsten alloy containing nickel and copper are found susceptible to corrosive attack by gallium. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taleff, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, 160 E Dean Keeton St, Austin, TX 78705 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 303 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 AR PII S0022-3115(02)00796-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(02)00796-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 558TX UT WOS:000175983600007 ER PT J AU Raylman, RR Majewski, S Weisenberger, A Popov, V Kross, B Wojcik, R AF Raylman, RR Majewski, S Weisenberger, A Popov, V Kross, B Wojcik, R TI Pixelated NaI(Tl) arrays for use in Positron Emission Mammography (PEM). SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 37 BP 11P EP 11P AR UNSP 200211 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560800038 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Sanders, M Wang, GJ Newcorn, J Solanto, M Schultz, K Logan, J Wong, C Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Swanson, M Fowler, JS AF Volkow, ND Sanders, M Wang, GJ Newcorn, J Solanto, M Schultz, K Logan, J Wong, C Gatley, SJ Ding, YS Swanson, M Fowler, JS TI Brain dopamine transporters and D2 receptors in never medicated adults with ADHD. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 56 BP 16P EP 16P AR UNSP 202533 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560800057 ER PT J AU Gerasimov, MR Logan, J Ferrieri, R Alexoff, D Schiffer, W Marsteller, D Dewey, SL AF Gerasimov, MR Logan, J Ferrieri, R Alexoff, D Schiffer, W Marsteller, D Dewey, SL TI Effect of vehicle on brain uptake of C-11-tolulene. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, New York, NY USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 158 BP 44P EP 44P AR UNSP 200809 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560800159 ER EF