FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Vance, SE Kharzeev, D AF Vance, SE Kharzeev, D TI Diffractive dijet production and nuclear shadowing in pA interactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM 2001) CY JAN 15-20, 2001 CL LONG ISL CITY, NEW YORK ID SCATTERING AB We study the implications of non-universality observed recently In ep and (p) over barp diffraction for nuclear shadowing and diffractive dijet production in pA collisions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vance, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 698 BP 623C EP 626C PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 520UL UT WOS:000173799700103 ER PT J AU Holzman, B AF Holzman, B CA E917 Collaboration TI Systematic study of Au-Au collisions with AGS experiment E917 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM 2001) CY JAN 15-20, 2001 CL LONG ISL CITY, NEW YORK AB The systematics of baryon stopping and strange particle production have been studied in Au+Au collisions at 6, 8, and 10.8 GeV per nucleon with AGS experiment E917. In particular, the systematic behavior of the proton yields, phi meson production, and the yields of antilambdas and antiprotons are examined as functions of beam energy and centrality. C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Holzman, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 698 BP 643C EP 646C PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 520UL UT WOS:000173799700108 ER PT J AU Rosselet, L AF Rosselet, L CA WA98 Collaboration TI One-, Two- and Three-particle distributions from central Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV/c SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM 2001) CY JAN 15-20, 2001 CL LONG ISL CITY, NY ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; 3-PION INTERFEROMETRY C1 Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Inst Phys Nucl, C-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF H, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64220 Darms, Germany. Ecole Nantes, SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. RRC Kurchatov Inst, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia. RP Rosselet, L (reprint author), Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM Laurent.Rosselet@cern.ch NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 698 BP 647C EP 650C PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 520UL UT WOS:000173799700109 ER PT J AU George, N AF George, N CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI First results from the PHOBOS spectrometer SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM 2001) CY JAN 15-20, 2001 CL LONG ISL CITY, NEW YORK ID COLLISIONS AB The ratios of antiparticle to particle production in central Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV within the rapidity range 0.2 < y < 0.9 axe presented. The measurement was made using the PHOBOS spectrometer at RHIC with a p(t) acceptance for identified particles of 0.1 < p(t) < 1.1 GeV/c. Excellent background rejection was achieved by high resolution tracking within 10 cm of the collision point. Inferences regarding the chemical freeze-out environment and model comparisons axed made. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. RP George, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 698 BP 655C EP 658C PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 520UL UT WOS:000173799700111 ER PT J AU Ohnishi, H AF Ohnishi, H CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Particle ratios in PHENIX at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM 2001) CY JAN 15-20, 2001 CL LONG ISL CITY, NY ID COLLISIONS AB K+/K- and (p) over bar /p ratios at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=130 GeV measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC are presented. The K+/K- and (p) over bar /p ratios for minimum bias collisions are found to be 1.08 +/- 0.03(stat.) +/- 0.22(sys.) and 0.64 +/- 0.01(stat.) +/- 0.07(sys.), respectively. Within experimental uncertainties, no p(T) dependence in either K+/K- and (p) over bar /p ratios are observed. No clear centrality dependence in either the K+/K- and the (p) over bar /p ratios are seen in the measured centrality region. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohnishi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510C,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ohnishi@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 698 BP 659C EP 662C PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 520UL UT WOS:000173799700112 ER PT J AU Albergo, S Bellwied, R Bennett, M Boemi, D Bonner, B Caines, H Christie, W Costa, S Crawford, HJ Cronqvist, M Debbe, R Engelage, J Flores, I Greiner, L Hallman, T Hijazi, G Hoffmann, G Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Insolia, A Jensen, P Judd, EG Kainz, K Kaplan, M Kelly, S Kotov, I Kunde, G Lindstrom, PJ Ljubicic, T Llope, W LoCurto, G Longacre, R Lynn, D Madansky, L Mahzeh, N Milosevich, Z Mitchell, JM Mitchell, JW Nehmeh, S Nociforo, C Paganis, S Pandey, SU Potenza, R Russ, DE Saulys, A Schambach, J Sheen, J Sugarbaker, E Takahashi, J Tang, J Trattner, AL Trentalange, S Tricomi, A Tuve, E Whitfield, JP Wilson, K AF Albergo, S Bellwied, R Bennett, M Boemi, D Bonner, B Caines, H Christie, W Costa, S Crawford, HJ Cronqvist, M Debbe, R Engelage, J Flores, I Greiner, L Hallman, T Hijazi, G Hoffmann, G Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Insolia, A Jensen, P Judd, EG Kainz, K Kaplan, M Kelly, S Kotov, I Kunde, G Lindstrom, PJ Ljubicic, T Llope, W LoCurto, G Longacre, R Lynn, D Madansky, L Mahzeh, N Milosevich, Z Mitchell, JM Mitchell, JW Nehmeh, S Nociforo, C Paganis, S Pandey, SU Potenza, R Russ, DE Saulys, A Schambach, J Sheen, J Sugarbaker, E Takahashi, J Tang, J Trattner, AL Trentalange, S Tricomi, A Tuve, E Whitfield, JP Wilson, K TI Lambda spectra in 11.6A GeV/c Au-Au collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AB E896 has measured Lambda production in 11.6A GeV/c Au-Au collisions over virtually the whole rapidity phase space. The midrapidity p(t) distributions have been measured for the first time at this energy and appear to indicate that the Lambda hyperons have different freeze-out conditions than protons. A comparison with the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model shows that while there is good shape agreement at high rapidity the model predicts significantly different slopes of the m(t) spectra at midrapidity. The data, where overlap occurs, are consistent with previously reported measurements. C1 Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. RP Albergo, S (reprint author), Univ Catania, Catania, Italy. RI Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015 OI Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 062301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.062301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300007 PM 11863798 ER PT J AU Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Douglas, MR Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J AF Coverdale, CA Deeney, C Douglas, MR Apruzese, JP Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J TI Optimal wire-number range for high x-ray power in long-implosion-time aluminum Z pinches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; Z-ACCELERATOR; EMISSION; OPTIMIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; SYMMETRY; DENSITY; ENERGY; MASS AB Experiments performed on the 8-MA Saturn accelerator to investigate the effects of interwire gap spacing on long-implosion-time Z pinches have resulted in the observation of a regime of optimal wire number, The experiments varied the wire number of 40 and 32 rnm diam arrays, resulting in interwire gaps from 3.9 to 0.36 mm, with fixed mass and length. aluminum K-shell powers up to 3.4 TW were measured. with long, slow rising, lower power x-ray pulses for interwire gap, greater than 2.2 mm and less than 0.7 mm. and short, fast rising, higher power pulses for interwire gaps in the range 0.7-2.2 mm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Coverdale, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 065001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.065001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300023 PM 11863814 ER PT J AU Felix, J Berisso, MC Christian, DC Gara, A Gottschalk, EE Gutierrez, G Hartouni, EP Knapp, BC Kreisler, MN Lee, S Markianos, K Moreno, G Reyes, MA Sosa, M Wang, MHLS Wehmann, A Wesson, D AF Felix, J Berisso, MC Christian, DC Gara, A Gottschalk, EE Gutierrez, G Hartouni, EP Knapp, BC Kreisler, MN Lee, S Markianos, K Moreno, G Reyes, MA Sosa, M Wang, MHLS Wehmann, A Wesson, D TI Lambda(0) polarization in 800-GeV/cpp -> p(f) (Lambda K-0(+)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERON POLARIZATION; INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION; HIGH-ENERGIES; QUARK POLARIZATION; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; 12-GEV PROTONS; ASYMMETRY; MODEL; TUNGSTEN AB We report results from a study of Lambda(0) polarization in the exclusive reaction pp --> p(f) (Lambda(0)K(+)) at 800-GeV/c. We observe a dependence of the polarization on the Lambda(0)K(+) invariant mass with large (+71%) positive polarization at small mass (1.63-GeV/c(2)) and large (-43%) negative polarization at large mass (2.75-GeV/c(2)). This observation confirms the result of the CERN ISR R608 experiment and extends the range over which the effect is observed. The strong dependence of the polarization on the Lambda(0)K(+) invariant mass suggests that the origin of the polarization is closely related to the production dynamics of the diffractively produced Lambda(0)K(+) system. C1 Univ Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, New York, NY USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Felix, J (reprint author), Univ Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 061801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.061801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300005 PM 11863796 ER PT J AU Field, SB James, SS Barentine, J Metlushko, V Crabtree, G Shtrikman, H Ilic, B Brueck, SRJ AF Field, SB James, SS Barentine, J Metlushko, V Crabtree, G Shtrikman, H Ilic, B Brueck, SRJ TI Vortex configurations, matching, and domain structure in large arrays of artificial pinning centers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBMICRON HOLES; ANTIDOT LATTICE; FLUX PHASES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DYNAMICS; FILM; VORTICES; SIZE AB High-resolution scanning Hall probe microscopy has been used to image vortex configurations in very large periodic arrays of artificial pinning sites. Strong matching effects are seen at fields where either one or two vortices can sit at a site; with three vortices per site, however, no clear matching is observed. Matching effects have also been observed at several fractional multiples of the matching field, including 1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 3/4. These fractional values are characterized by striking domain structure and grain boundaries. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Rehovot, Israel. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014 NR 22 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 067003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.067003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300053 PM 11863844 ER PT J AU Lee, M Rosenbaum, TF Saboungi, ML Schnyders, HS AF Lee, M Rosenbaum, TF Saboungi, ML Schnyders, HS TI Band-gap tuning and linear magnetoresistance in the silver chalcogenides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB Optimally doped silver selenide and silver telluride exhibit linear positive magnetoresistance over decades in magnetic field and on a scale comparable to the colossal magnetoresistance compounds. We use hydrostatic pressure to smoothly alter the band structure of Ag-rich and Ag-deficient samples of semiconducting Ag2+/-delta of fixed stoichiometry and disorder. We find that the magnetoresistance spikes and the linear field dependence emerges when the bands cross and the Hall coefficient changes sign. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, CRMD, Orleans 2, France. Lake Forest Coll, Dept Phys, Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 19 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 066602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.066602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300043 PM 11863834 ER PT J AU Li, JL Jia, JF Liang, XJ Liu, X Wang, JZ Xue, QK Li, ZQ Tse, JS Zhang, ZY Zhang, SB AF Li, JL Jia, JF Liang, XJ Liu, X Wang, JZ Xue, QK Li, ZQ Tse, JS Zhang, ZY Zhang, SB TI Spontaneous assembly of perfectly ordered identical-size nanocluster arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGIC CLUSTERS; SURFACE; SI(111); RECONSTRUCTIONS; NANOSTRUCTURE; SUPERLATTICES; MICROSCOPY; GROWTH; ATOMS; GOLD AB A method, by which periodic two-dimensional arrays of identical metal clusters of nanometer size and spacing could be spontaneously obtained by taking advantage of surface mediated clustering, is reported. The versatility of the method is demonstrated for a broad range of metals on Si(111)-(7 X 7) substrates. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy analysis of In clusters, combined with first-principles total energy calculations, unveils unique initial-stage atomic structures of the surface-supported clusters and the vital steps that lead to the success of this method. A strong interaction between the clusters and the surface holds the key to the observed cluster sizes. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Quantum Struct, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 31 TC 278 Z9 289 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 066101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.066101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300034 PM 11863825 ER PT J AU Nie, XL Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Nie, XL Wei, SH Zhang, SB TI Bipolar doping and band-gap anomalies in delafossite transparent conductive oxides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; THIN-FILMS; V SEMICONDUCTORS; II-VI; CUALO2; ZNO AB Doping wide-gap materials p type is highly desirable but often difficult. This makes the recent discovery of p-type delafossite oxides, (CuMO2)-O-111, very attractive. The (CuMO2)-O-111 also show unique and unexplained physical properties: Increasing band gap from M-111 = Al, Ga, to In, not seen in conventional semiconductors. The largest gap CuInO2 can be mysteriously doped both n and p type but not the smaller gaps CuAlO2 and CuGaO2. Here, we show that both properties are results of a large disparity between the fundamental gap and the apparent optical gap, a finding that could lead to a breakthrough in the study of bipolarly dopable wide-gap semiconductor oxides. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 26 TC 198 Z9 204 U1 6 U2 78 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 066405 DI 10.1103/Phys.Rev.Lett.88.066405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300041 PM 11863832 ER PT J AU Sanchez, R Newman, DE Carreras, BA AF Sanchez, R Newman, DE Carreras, BA TI Waiting-time statistics of self-organized-criticality systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-FLARES; MODEL; AVALANCHES; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; SANDPILES; DYNAMICS; NOISE AB It is argued that a system governed by self-organized-critically (SOC) dynamics can lack Poisson waiting-time statistics not only when the experimental resolution lies within the self-similar scale range but also if the system is slowly driven in a correlated way. This result thus suggests that waiting time statistics cannot be used as a necessary test for SOC behavior in real physical systems. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sanchez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008 NR 17 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 AR 068302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.068302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521PJ UT WOS:000173849300070 PM 11863861 ER PT J AU Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Culbertson, CT Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Diffusion coefficient measurements in microfluidic devices SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE diffusion coefficient; microfluidic device; rhodamine; fluorescein ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; IONIC-STRENGTH; MICROCHIP AB Four methods for measuring diffusion coefficients were compared on a microfabricated fluidic device using rhodamine 6G as the analyte. The measurements were made using a static imaging method and three dynamic methods -stopped flow, varying the applied potential (E-field method), and varying the detection length (length method). Under conditions where analyte wall interactions (adsorption) are minimized, e.g. in a 50/50 (v/v) methanol/aqueous buffer, the stopped How (2.71 +/- 0.09 x 10(-6) cm(2) s-(1)), E-field (2.684 +/- 0.005 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1)) and the static imaging (2.69 +/- 0.02 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1)) measurements were all within experimental error of one another and previously reported values. Under 100% aqueous conditions, however, the diffusion coefficient measured dynamically was 11% larger than that measured statically. Diffusion coefficients for rhodamine B, fluorescein, 2',7'dichloro-fluorescein (DCF), rhodamine 6G, tetramethylrhodamine labeled glutamic acid and isoleucine, and fluorescein conjugated bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin were also measured using the static imaging method. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 230 Z9 230 U1 8 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD FEB 11 PY 2002 VL 56 IS 2 BP 365 EP 373 AR PII S0039-9140(01)00602-6 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(01)00602-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 524GT UT WOS:000174005400012 PM 18968508 ER PT J AU Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Ryans, RSI Reid, RHG Zhang, HL Pradhan, AK Widing, KG AF Keenan, FP Katsiyannis, AC Ryans, RSI Reid, RHG Zhang, HL Pradhan, AK Widing, KG TI Extreme-ultraviolet emission lines of S XII in solar active region and flare spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; Sun : activity; Sun : flares; ultraviolet : general ID BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; B-LIKE IONS; ATOMIC DATA; RATE COEFFICIENTS; IRON PROJECT; OPACITY CALCULATIONS; XUV OBSERVATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; COMPACT FLARE AB New R-matrix calculations of electron impact excitation rates for transitions among the 2s(2)2p, 2s2p(2) and 2p(3) levels of S XII are presented. These data are subsequently used to derive the theoretical electron density diagnostic emission line intensity ratios R-1 = I(215.16 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom), R-2 = I(218.19 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom), R-3 = I(288.40 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom), R-4 = I(221.41 Angstrom)/I(299.50 Angstrom). A comparsion of these with observational data for solar active regions and flares, obtained with the Naval Research Laboratory's S082A spectrograph on board Skylab and the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS), reveals that the electron densities determined from R-1, R-3, and R-4 are consistent with each other. In addition, the densities deduced from these ratios are in good agreement with those estimated from diagnostic lines in Fe XIV or Fe XV, which are formed at similar electron temperatures to S XII. However, the R-2 ratios in the flare observations imply densities smaller than those from Fe XIV/Fe XV, although the active region measurements do not show such discrepancies, suggesting that the 218.19 Angstrom line may be blended with a transition from a high-temperature ion. An emission feature in the SERTS active region spectrum at 215.29 Angstrom, previously identified as the 2s2p P-3(2)-2s3s S-3(1) transition in O V, may be due primarily to the S XII 215.16 Angstrom line. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USN, Res Lab, EO Hulburt Ctr Space Res, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Keenan, FP (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Katsiyannis, Thanassis/L-8496-2013 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 566 IS 1 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1086/337960 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EB UT WOS:000173766700048 ER PT J AU Mori, K Hailey, CJ Baltz, EA Craig, WW Kamionkowski, M Serber, WT Ullio, P AF Mori, K Hailey, CJ Baltz, EA Craig, WW Kamionkowski, M Serber, WT Ullio, P TI A novel antimatter detector based on X-ray deexcitation of exotic atoms SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic processes; cosmic rays; dark matter; techniques : spectroscopic ID SUPERSYMMETRIC DARK-MATTER; PRIMORDIAL BLACK-HOLES; ANNIHILATION CROSS-SECTION; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; LOW-ENERGY; NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; COSMIC-RAYS; ANTIPROTONS; HELIUM; HYDROGEN AB We propose a novel antiparticle detector. The gaseous antiparticle spectrometer (GAPS) effects particle identification through the characteristic X-rays emitted by antiparticles when they form exotic atoms in gases. GAPS obtains particularly high grasp (effective area-solid angle product) at lower particle energies, where conventional schemes are most limited in their utility. The concept is simple and lightweight, so it can be readily employed on balloon- and space-based missions. An extremely powerful potential application of GAPS is a space-based search for the neutralino through the detection of a neutralino annihilation by-product-the antideuteron. Paradoxically, this space-based search for the neutralino is capable of achieving comparable sensitivity to as yet unrealized third-generation, underground dark matter experiments. And GAPS can obtain this performance in a very modest satellite experiment. GAPS can also provide superior performance in searches for primary antiprotons produced via neutralino annihilation and black hole evaporation and in probing subdominant contributions to the antiproton flux at low energies. In a deep space mission, GAPS will obtain higher sensitivity for a given weight and power than BGO calorimeters. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. SISSA, Trieste S4014, Italy. RP Mori, K (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Kamionkowski, Marc/0000-0001-7018-2055 NR 49 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 566 IS 1 BP 604 EP 616 DI 10.1086/338057 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EB UT WOS:000173766700055 ER PT J AU Mauche, CW Mukai, K AF Mauche, CW Mukai, K TI The X-ray spectra of VY Sculptoris stars are not blackbodies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (KR Aurigae, TT Arietis); X-rays : stars ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLE-STARS; SS CYGNI; DWARF NOVAE; ROSAT; EMISSION; OUTBURST; SAMPLE; SKY AB Using ASCA data, we find, contrary to other researchers using ROSAT data, that the X-ray spectra of the VY Sculptoris stars TT Arietis and KR Aurigae are poorly fitted by an absorbed blackbody model but are well fitted by an absorbed thermal plasma model. The different conclusions about the nature of the X-ray spectrum of KR Aur may be due to differences in the accretion rate since this star was in a high optical state during the ROSAT observation but in an intermediate optical state during the ASCA observation. TT Ari, on the other hand, was in a high optical state during both observations and so directly contradicts the hypothesis that the X-ray spectra of VY Scl stars in their high optical states are blackbodies. Instead, based on theoretical expectations and the ASCA, Chandra, and XMM spectra of other nonmagnetic cataclysmic variables, we believe that the X-ray spectra of VY Scl stars in their low and high optical states are due to hot thermal plasma in the boundary layer between the accretion disk and the surface of the white dwarf, and we appeal to the acquisition of Chandra and XMM grating spectra to test this prediction. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. RP Mauche, CW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-43,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 566 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/339454 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 520EG UT WOS:000173767200009 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, CR Rashid, MM AF Dohrmann, CR Rashid, MM TI Polynomial approximation of shape function gradients from element geometries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE shape functions; uniform strain; volumetric locking; dissimilar meshes; patch tests ID TETRAHEDRAL FINITE-ELEMENTS; MESHES AB A method is presented for the polynomial approximation of shape function gradients based solely on the geometry of finite element boundaries, The method is founded on a least squares approach which leads to an integration scheme satisfying a necessary condition for convergence. In its simplest from the method reduces to the well-known uniform strain approach for finite elements. The method is applicable to a broad class of problems such as connecting dissimilar meshes, mesh adaptivity and transitioning, and the construction of finite elements with variable topologies. Finite elements based on the polynomial approximations are shown to pass patch tests of various orders. In contrast to standard elements, higher-order patch tests are passed without the need for nodes internal to element boundaries. Less sensitivity to volumetric locking under plane strain conditions is demonstrated through comparisons with a standard element formulation. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, MS 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 53 IS 4 BP 945 EP 958 DI 10.1002/nme.319 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 511UZ UT WOS:000173285100009 ER PT J AU Knupp, P Margolin, LG Shashkov, M AF Knupp, P Margolin, LG Shashkov, M TI Reference Jacobian optimization-based rezone strategies for arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rezone strategies; ALE methods; remapping ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; MESH OPTIMIZATION; COMPUTING-METHOD; GRID GENERATION; FLOW SPEEDS; MATRIX NORM; FRAMEWORK; HYDRODYNAMICS; COMPUTATIONS; QUANTITIES AB The philosophy of the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methodology for solving multidimensional fluid flow problems is to move the computational grid, using the flow as a guide, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation. A principal element of ALE is the rezone phase in which a "rezoned" grid is created that is adapted to the fluid motion. We will describe a general rezone strategy that ensures the continuing geometric quality of the computational grid, while keeping the "rezoned" grid as close as possible to the Lagrangian grid at each time step. Although the methodology can be applied to more general grid types, here we restrict ourselves to logically rectangular grids in two dimensions. Our rezoning phase consists of two components: a sequence of local optimizations followed by a single global optimization. The local optimization defines a set of "reference" Jacobians which incorporates our definition of mesh quality at each point of the grid. The set of reference Jacobians then is used in the global optimization. At each node we form a local patch from the adjacent cells of the Lagrangian grid and construct a local realization of the Winslow smoothness functional on this patch. Minimization of this functional with respect to the position of the central node defines its "virtual" location (the node is not actually moved at this stage). By connecting this virtually moved node to its (stationary) neighbors, we define a reference Jacobian that represents the best locally achievable geometric grid quality. The "rezoned" grid results from a minimization (where the points are actually moved) of a global objective function that measures the distance (in a least-squares sense) between the Jacobian of the rezoned grid and the reference Jacobian. This objective function includes a "barrier" that penalizes grids whose cells are close to being inverted. The global objective function is minimized by direct optimization leading to the rezoned grid. We provide numerical examples to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our methodology on model examples as well as for ALE calculations of Rayleigh-Taylor unstable flow. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Knupp, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, MS-0847 POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shashkov@lanl.gov NR 45 TC 70 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 176 IS 1 BP 93 EP 128 DI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6969 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 522HJ UT WOS:000173890100005 ER PT J AU Lee, G Plummer, EW AF Lee, G Plummer, EW TI High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy study on chemisorption of hydrogen on Cu(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemisorption; electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); copper; hydrogen atom ID PACKED METAL-SURFACES; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; ADSORPTION; ABSORPTION; VIBRATION; DESORPTION; INCIDENT; DYNAMICS AB The chemisorption of atomic hydrogen on the Cu(111) surface at 100 K was studied with high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. At low H coverage (below 0.5 ML), two loss features were observed and attributed to the perpendicular and parallel modes of atomic H adsorbed at a single site on the surface, respectively. The observation of two vibrational modes allows an unambiguous assignment of adsorption at a threefold hollow site on Cu(111), At high H coverage (above 0.5 ML), a new loss feature was also found in the specular direction in addition to the saturated low coverage features. The new high-coverage feature is assigned to absorbed H at a subsurface site, following the thermal desorption studies and the theoretical predictions on the H absorption into the Cu(111) surface. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Mat Evaluat Ctr, Taejon 304600, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, G (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Mat Evaluat Ctr, Taejon 304600, South Korea. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 10 PY 2002 VL 498 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 AR PII S0039-6028(01)01765-4 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01765-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 525AH UT WOS:000174044700004 ER PT J AU Volinsky, AA Moody, NR Gerberich, WW AF Volinsky, AA Moody, NR Gerberich, WW TI Interfacial toughness measurements for thin films on substrates SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Review DE fracture & fracture toughness; thin films; interface; adhesion energies ID QUANTITATIVE ADHESION MEASURES; BRAZILIAN DISK TEST; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; LAYERED MATERIALS; NIOBIUM/SAPPHIRE INTERFACE; MICROWEDGE INDENTATION; BIMATERIAL INTERFACES; CLEAVAGE FRACTURE; CRACK-PROPAGATION AB There are more than 200 different methods for measuring adhesion, suggesting it to be material, geometry and even industry specific. This availability has exploded at least partly due to the arrival of dissimilar material interfaces and thin films and the case with which microfabrication techniques apply to silicon technology. Having an eye toward those tests utilized for thin films, this paper reviews only a few of these techniques. The emphasis is on measuring thin film adhesion from the standpoint of fracture mechanics, when the film is mechanically or by other means removed from the substrate, and the amount of energy necessary for this process is calculated per unit area of the removed film. This tends to give values approaching the true work of adhesion at small thickness and greater values of the practical work of adhesion at larger thickness, all being in the 30 - 30,000nm range. The resulting large range of toughnesses is shown to be dependent on the scale of plasticity achieved as controlled by film thickness, microstructure, chemistry and test temperature. While the tests reviewed largely address the measurement of elastic strain energy release rates, we also briefly address a few theoretical models which are specific to the resistance side of the delamination equation. The weight of the evidence suggests for ductile metallic films that the major extrinsic variables are film stress, extent of delamination, thickness and temperature while the major intrinsic ones are modulus, yield strength, the thermodynamic work of adhesion and one or more length scales. For some 25 film/substrate multilayers, with emphasis on Al, Au and Cu, the comparison of several theoretical models as to how the extrinsic and intrinsic variables intertwine is made. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Motorola Inc, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gerberich, WW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM wgerb@tc.umn.edu RI Volinsky, Alex/A-7974-2009; OI Volinsky, Alex/0000-0002-8520-6248 NR 112 TC 393 Z9 406 U1 23 U2 191 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 441 EP 466 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00354-8 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515DM UT WOS:000173480200001 ER PT J AU Daewoong, S Asoka-Kumar, P Dauskardt, RH AF Daewoong, S Asoka-Kumar, P Dauskardt, RH TI The effects of hydrogen on viscoelastic relaxation in Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be bulk metallic glasses: implications for hydrogen embrittlement SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE metallic glasses; hydrogen embrittlement; fracture & fracture toughness; kinetics ID FATIGUE-CRACK PROPAGATION; AMORPHOUS METALS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; BRITTLE BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; MECHANISM; ALLOYS; FLOW; ZR41.2TI13.8CU12.5NI10.0BE22.5; DEFORMATION AB The effects of hydrogen on the viscoelastic relaxation behavior of a Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be bulk metallic glass have been investigated in an attempt to elucidate hydrogen-affected flow and fracture behavior. Dynamic mechanical testing was performed to study relaxation behavior near the glass transition temperature. Relaxation time constants were increased in the presence of hydrogen with a concomitant increase of thermal activation energy. In addition, the glass transition temperature was increased and crystallization kinetics retarded in the presence of hydrogen leading to enhanced thermal stability. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to study the interaction of hydrogen and open-volume regions. While hydrogen charging, was found to decrease the open-volume regions in the amorphous phase, an increase in free volume was observed in the crystalline counterpart. The amorphous phase was found to have a greater hydrogen absorption capacity compared to its crystalline counterpart. Relaxation behavior, crystallization kinetics and the interaction of hydrogen with the amorphous microstructure are discussed. Finally, the effects of retarded relaxation processes on fracture resistance are considered. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dauskardt, RH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 537 EP 551 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515DM UT WOS:000173480200008 ER PT J AU Ziegler, A Kisielowski, C Ritchie, RO AF Ziegler, A Kisielowski, C Ritchie, RO TI Imaging of the crystal structure of silicon nitride at 0.8 Angstrom resolution SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy; crystal structure; ceramics ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WAVE-FUNCTION RECONSTRUCTION; PHASE-RETRIEVAL; FOCUS-VARIATION; FOCAL-SERIES; HRTEM; MICROGRAPHS; DESIGN AB High-resolution transmission electron microscopy is utilized to examine the crystal structure of a silicon nitride ceramic using focus variation methods to achieve sub-(a) over circle ngstrom resolution at the absolute theoretical information limit of the transmission electron microscope. Specifically, crucial requirements of high instrumental stability, a coherent electron source and optimum imaging conditions have been met by the one-(A) over circle ngstrom microscope (O (A) over circleM) at the National Center for Electron Microscopy in order to obtain a resolution of 0.8 Angstrom. The resulting high-resolution images reveal the individual atom positions of the in-plane projected crystal structure of silicon nitride and permit detailed structural information. The images correspond closely to computed and simulated images of this crystal structure. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00363-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515DM UT WOS:000173480200010 ER PT J AU Siegel, DJ Hector, LG Adams, JB AF Siegel, DJ Hector, LG Adams, JB TI First-principles study of metal-carbide/nitride adhesion: Al/VC vs. Al/VN SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculation; aluminum; carbides; interfacial adhesion; nitrides ID ENERGY-BAND STRUCTURES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CERAMIC ADHESION; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SURFACE ENERGIES; SOLID METALS; INTERFACES; NITRIDES; CARBIDES AB We have performed density functional calculations to investigate the adhesion and electronic structure at interfaces between Al and the refractory transition metal nitrides/carbides VN and VC in order to understand the significance of the ceramic's metalloid component upon interfacial properties. We find that for both systems the preferred bonding site places the metal interfacial atoms above the ceramic's metalloid atoms, and that adhesion energies are comparable to those found for other metals (Ti, Ag) on MgO. The differences in magnitude and rank-ordering of the adhesion energies for the two interfaces are rationalized in terms of the the surface energies of the ceramics. Analysis of the charge density and density of states reveals that covalent At-C/N bonds constitute the dominant metal-ceramic interaction. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film & Interface Sci Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. ALCOA Ctr, ALCOA Tech Ctr, Surface Sci Div, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Arizona State Univ, Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film & Interface Sci Grp, Mail Stop 9161, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM djsiege@sandia.gov RI Siegel, Donald/B-4048-2013 OI Siegel, Donald/0000-0001-7913-2513 NR 61 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00361-5 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515DM UT WOS:000173480200014 ER PT J AU Kaschner, GC Gibeling, JC AF Kaschner, GC Gibeling, JC TI Evolution of dislocation glide kinetics during cyclic deformation of copper SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE low cycle fatigue; mechanical properties (thermally activated processes); strain rate change; dislocations; copper ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; RATE CHANGE TESTS; THERMAL-ACTIVATION; RATE CONTINUITY; FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; METAL; SUBSTRUCTURE AB Strain rate change tests were performed during low cycle fatigue of polycrystalline copper using plastic strain as the control variable. The evolution of dislocation interactions was observed by evaluating the activation area and true stress as a function of cumulative plastic strain. Activation areas at each of three plastic strain amplitudes, Deltaepsilon(p)/2 = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%, have initial values of approximately 2000b(2) which decrease to 600b(2) during cyclic loading to saturation. This observation suggests a transition from forest dislocation cutting to increasing contributions of cross-slip as the predominant rate-controlling mechanisms of dislocation motion. Haasen plots of normalized inverse operational activation area (b(2)/Deltaa) for specimens cycled to saturation exhibit a deviation from linearity similar to that observed for monotonic deformation. This nonlinearity corresponds to a failure of the Cottrell-Stokes law that correlates with the development of characteristic dislocation structures during cyclic deformation. Tests performed at various stresses at saturation reveal a linear dependence of b(2)/Deltaa on true stress. The athermal stress, sigma(b) = 86.5 MPa, measured at saturation by extrapolating the activation area data compares favorably with the value determined from a Bauschinger analysis, sigma(b) = 80 MPa, at a plastic strain amplitude of 0.6%. In addition, athermal stress values vary with plastic strain amplitude as expected, resulting in a constant value of approximately sigma(b)/sigma = 0.5. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibeling, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 653 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00362-7 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515DM UT WOS:000173480200017 ER PT J AU Gibbons, JW Dorcas, ME AF Gibbons, JW Dorcas, ME TI Defensive behavior of cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) toward humans SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKES; VIRIDIS AB Venomous snakes are often perceived as aggressive antagonists, with the North American cottonmouth having a particularly notorious reputation for such villainy. We designed tests to measure the suite of behavioral responses by free-ranging cottonmouths to encounters with humans. When confronted, 23 (51%) of 45 tested tried to escape, and 28 (78%) of 36 tested used threat displays and other defensive tactics; only 13 of 36 cottonmouths bit an artificial hand used in the tests. Our findings challenge conventional,wisdom about aggressive behavior in an animal perceived as more dangerous than it is. Changing irrational negative attitudes about venomous snakes is a necessary step toward quelling the recently documented global decline in reptiles. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gibbons, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 8 PY 2002 IS 1 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0195:DBOCAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 520ZJ UT WOS:000173813400024 ER PT J AU Ghosh, T Garcia, AE Garde, S AF Ghosh, T Garcia, AE Garde, S TI Enthalpy and entropy contributions to the pressure dependence of hydrophobic interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-ENERGY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MONTE-CARLO; MEAN FORCE; WATER; ASSOCIATION; METHANE; DENATURATION AB We use long molecular dynamics simulations of methane molecules in explicit water at three different temperatures at pressures of 1 and 4000 atm to calculate entropic and enthalpic contributions to the free energy of methane-methane association. In agreement with previous simulation studies, we find that the contact minimum is dominated by entropy whereas the solvent-separated minimum is stabilized by favorable enthalpy of association. Both the entropy and enthalpy at the contact minimum change negligibly with increasing pressure leading to the relative pressure insensitivity of the contact minimum configurations. In contrast, we find that the solvent-separated configurations are increasingly stabilized at higher pressures by enthalpic contributions that prevail over the slightly unfavorable entropic contributions to the free energy. The desolvation barrier is dominated by unfavorable enthalpy of maintaining a dry volume between methanes. However, the increasing height of the desolvation barrier with increasing pressures results from entropy changes at the barrier configurations. Further resolution of the enthalpy of association shows that major contributions to the enthalpy arise from changes in water-water interactions and the mechanical work (PDeltaV) expended in bringing the methanes to a separation of r. A connection of these thermodynamic features with the underlying changes in water structure is made by calculating methane-methane-water oxygen triplet correlation functions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12189 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garde, S (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY 12189 USA. RI Garde, Shekhar/C-3060-2008 NR 43 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 6 BP 2480 EP 2486 DI 10.1063/1.1431582 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 517PD UT WOS:000173618400021 ER PT J AU Lefort, R Wiench, JW Pruski, M Amoureux, JP AF Lefort, R Wiench, JW Pruski, M Amoureux, JP TI Optimization of data acquisition and processing in Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill multiple quantum magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; QCPMG-MAS NMR; MQMAS NMR; SOLIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRIPLE; PULSES AB Data acquisition using the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) train of pi pulses has been recently explored in multiple quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei [T. Vosegaard, F. H. Larsen, H. J. Jakobsen, P. D. Ellis, and N. C. Nielsen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 9055 (1997)]. Significant increase of sensitivity can be obtained by using this technique at the expense of spectral definition, as the spectrum transforms into a manifold of narrow sidebands. A detailed analysis of the CPMG method, with emphasis on the MQMAS experiment, is presented. The MQ-QCPMG-MAS approach is adapted to spin-5/2 nuclei. Several numerical methods of data treatment are shown that allow for improvement of the definition of the sideband envelope, reconstruction of the standard line shape, and improvement of S/N ratio via optimized filtering. Theoretical and experimental estimates of signal enhancement through proper acquisition and processing of MQ-QCPMG-MAS data are given. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Lille, LDSMM, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lefort, R (reprint author), Univ Lille, LDSMM, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RI LEFORT, Ronan/C-3246-2008 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 6 BP 2493 EP 2501 DI 10.1063/1.1433000 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 517PD UT WOS:000173618400023 ER PT J AU Faham, S Bowie, JU AF Faham, S Bowie, JU TI Bicelle crystallization A new method for crystallizing membrane proteins yields a monomeric bacteriorhodopsin structure SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE membrane protein; crystals; crystallization; lipid cubic phase; detergent ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTER; LIPIDIC CUBIC PHASES; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SYSTEM AB Obtaining crystals of membrane proteins that diffract to high resolution remains a major stumbling block in structure determination. Here we present a now method for crystallizing membrane proteins from a bicelle forming lipid/detergent mixture. The method is flexible and simple to use. As a test case, bacteriorhodopsin (bR) from Halobacterium salinarum was crystallized from a bicellar solution, yielding a new bR crystal form. The crystals belong to space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = 45.0 Angstrom, b = 108.9 Angstrom, c = 55.9 Angstrom, beta = 113.58degrees and a dimeric asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined at 2.0 Angstrom resolution. In all previous bR structures the protein is organized as a parallel trimer, but in the crystals grown from bicelles, the individual bR subunits are arranged in an antiparallel fashion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Boyer Hall,611 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM59164, R01 GM63919] NR 29 TC 205 Z9 212 U1 4 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 316 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5295 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 524RD UT WOS:000174025900001 PM 11829498 ER PT J AU Myneni, SCB AF Myneni, SCB TI Formation of stable chlorinated hydrocarbons in weathering plant material SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION AB Though several chlorinated organic compounds produced by humans are carcinogenic and toxic, some are also produced by the biotic and abiotic processes in the environment. In situ x-ray spectroscopy data indicate that natural organic matter in soils, sediments, and natural waters contain stable, less volatile organic compounds with chlorinated phenolic and aliphatic groups as the principal Cl forms. These compounds are formed at rapid rates from the transformation of inorganic Cl during humification of plant material and, thus, play a critical role in the cycling of Cl and of several major and trace elements in the environment and may influence human health. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myneni, SCB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, 151 Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 19 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5557 BP 1039 EP 1041 DI 10.1126/science.1067153 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 520QR UT WOS:000173793000056 PM 11799203 ER PT J AU Evans, PG Isaacs, ED Aeppli, G Cai, Z Lai, B AF Evans, PG Isaacs, ED Aeppli, G Cai, Z Lai, B TI X-ray microdiffraction images of antiferromagnetic domain evolution in chromium SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DENSITY WAVES; CHARGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SCATTERING AB Magnetic x-ray diffraction combined with x-ray focusing optics was used to image individual antiferromagnetic spin density wave domains in a chromium single crystal at the micron scale. The cross section for nonresonant magnetic x-ray scattering depends on the antiferromagnetic modulation vector and spin polarization direction and allows these quantities to be extracted independently. The technique was used to show that the broadening of the nominally first-order "spin-flip" transition at 123 kelvin, at which the spins rotate by 90degrees, originates at the walls between domains with orthogonal modulation vectors. During cooling, the transition begins at these walls and progresses inward. The modulation vector domains are themselves unchanged. C1 Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Evans, PG (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, 600-700 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5557 BP 1042 EP 1045 DI 10.1126/science.1066870 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 520QR UT WOS:000173793000057 PM 11834828 ER PT J AU Taatjes, DJ Naar, AM Andel, F Nogales, E Tjian, R AF Taatjes, DJ Naar, AM Andel, F Nogales, E Tjian, R TI Structure, function, and activator-induced conformations of the CRSP coactivator SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; NUCLEAR RECEPTORS; COFACTOR COMPLEX; CHROMATIN; MEDIATOR; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; SMCC; SP1 AB The human cofactor complexes ARC (activator-recruited cofactor) and CRSP (cofactor required for Sp1 activation) mediate activator-dependent transcription in vitro. Although these complexes share several common subunits, their structural and functional relationships remain unknown. Here, we report that affinity-purified ARC consists of two distinct multisubunit complexes: a larger complex, denoted ARC-L, and a smaller coactivator, CRSP. Reconstituted in vitro transcription with biochemically separated ARC-L and CRSP reveals differential cofactor functions. The ARC-L complex is transcriptionally inactive, whereas the CRSP complex is highly active. Structural determination by electron microscopy (EM) and three-dimensional reconstruction indicate substantial differences in size and shape between ARC-L and CRSP. Moreover, EM analysis of independently derived CRSP complexes reveals distinct conformations induced by different activators. These results suggest that CRSP may potentiate transcription via specific activator-induced conformational changes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tjian, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 401 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Taatjes, Dylan/G-2027-2011 NR 19 TC 173 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 8 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 5557 BP 1058 EP 1062 DI 10.1126/science.1065249 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 520QR UT WOS:000173793000062 PM 11834832 ER PT J AU Martin, JE Wilcoxon, JP Odinek, J Provencio, P AF Martin, JE Wilcoxon, JP Odinek, J Provencio, P TI Superlattices of platinum and palladium nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD; PARTICLES; CLUSTERS; MICELLES; ARRAYS; SILVER AB We have used a nonionic inverse micelle synthesis technique to form nanoclusters of platinum and palladium. These nanoclusters can be rendered hydrophobic or hydrophilic by the appropriate choice of capping ligand. Unlike Au nanoclusters, Pt nanoclusters show great stability with thiol ligands in aqueous media. Alkane thiols, with alkane chains ranging from C-6 to C-18, were used as hydrophobic ligands, and with some of these we were able to form two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional superlattices of Pt nanoclusters as small as 2.7 nm in diameter. Image processing techniques were developed to reliably extract from transmission electron micrographs (TEMs) the particle size distribution, and information about the superlattice domains and their boundaries. The latter permits us to compute the intradomain vector pair correlation function of the particle centers, from which we can accurately determine the lattice spacing and the coherent domain size. From these data the gap between the particles in the coherent domains can be determined as a function of the thiol chain length. It is found that as the thiol chain length increases, the interparticle gaps increase more slowly than the measured hydrodynamic radius of the functionalized nanoclusters in solution, possibly indicating thiol chain interdigitation in the superlattices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 7 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 5 BP 971 EP 978 DI 10.1021/jp0139944 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 518WZ UT WOS:000173692100014 ER PT J AU Takata, M Tachiiri, S Fujimori, A Thompson, LH Miki, Y Hiraoka, M Takeda, S Yamazaoe, M AF Takata, M Tachiiri, S Fujimori, A Thompson, LH Miki, Y Hiraoka, M Takeda, S Yamazaoe, M TI Conserved domains in the chicken homologue of BRCA2 SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE BRCA2; homologous recombination; Rad51; BRC repeat ID CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE; RADIATION HYPERSENSITIVITY; DNA RECOMBINATION; RAD51 PROTEIN; CELLS; MICE; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; REPEATS; REPAIR AB Germline mutation of the BRCA2 gene causes a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. Although the BRCA2 protein has been implicated in homologous recombination (HR) of DNA and in transcription, it is still unclear how mutation leads to tumorigenesis. We have identified a nonmammalian homologue of BRCA2 from chicken, which encodes a protein with 3397 amino acids (aa) and shows only 40% identity to human BRCA2. However, comparison of the mammalian and chicken sequences revealed remarkably high homology in several segments. These include a N-terminal region (similar to100 aa), which was previously shown to possess intrinsic transcriptional activity, and a C-terminal region (aa residue similar to2480-similar to3180 in human BRCA2), which has not been clearly assigned any function. In contrast, although the eight BRC repeats of mammalian BRCA2 are believed to play an important role in HR by interacting with Rad51, the BRC3, BRC5, and BRC6 repeats exhibit virtually no similarity to their mammalian counterparts. Among 311 missense mutations listed as unclassified variants in the NIH Breast Cancer Information Core database, only 83 of these sites are identical in chicken BRCA2. Thus, chicken BRCA2 may provide a means to identify domains and residues associated with cancer predisposition. C1 Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, Kurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Genet, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Sch Med, Dept Therapeut Radiol & Oncol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBR Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Japanese Fdn Canc Res, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1708640, Japan. RP Takata, M (reprint author), Kawasaki Med Univ, Dept Immunol & Mol Genet, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 7010192, Japan. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD FEB 7 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1130 EP 1134 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205168 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 516WQ UT WOS:000173580100017 PM 11850831 ER PT J AU Gyulassy, M Vitev, I Wang, XN Huovinen, P AF Gyulassy, M Vitev, I Wang, XN Huovinen, P TI Transverse expansion and high p(T) azimuthal asymmetry at RHIC SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS AB Rapid (3 + 1)D transverse plus Bjorken collective expansion in A + A collisions at ultra-relativistic energies is shown to reduce substantially the azimuthal asymmetry resulting from jet quenching. While the azimuthal asymmetry in non-central collisions, v(2) (p(T) > 2 GeV/c) similar to 0.15 reported by STAR at RHIC, can be accounted for by spatially an isotropic jet energy loss through a (I + I)D expanding gluon plasma with dN(8)/dy similar to 1000, we show that if rapid transverse collective expansion of the plasma is assumed, then the asymmetry due to jet quenching may be reduced below the observed level. Possible implications of this effect are discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gyulassy, M (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 34 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 7 PY 2002 VL 526 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01157-7 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 521EW UT WOS:000173827100014 ER PT J AU Bleicher, M Stocker, H AF Bleicher, M Stocker, H TI Anisotropic flow in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ELLIPTIC FLOW; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; COLLECTIVE FLOW; AU+AU COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; TRANSVERSE FLOW; SIGNATURE; ENERGIES; AGS; QCD AB The sign reversal of the directed flow parameter v(1) in the central rapidity region in Au + Au collisions at roots = 200 A GeV is studied within the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model. This anti-flow is shown to be linked to the expansion of the hot matter created. In line with this observation the predicted elliptic flow parameter v(2) of various particle species is linked to the mean free path of these particles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Bleicher, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 33 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 7 PY 2002 VL 526 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01495-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 521EW UT WOS:000173827100015 ER PT J AU Grinstein, B Ligeti, Z AF Grinstein, B Ligeti, Z TI Heavy quark symmetry in B -> D((*))l(nu)over-bar spectra SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID 2-LOOP QCD CORRECTIONS; FORM-FACTORS; ZERO RECOIL; B->C TRANSITIONS; DECAY AB We calculate heavy quark symmetry breaking in the slopes and curvatures of the B --> D((*))l (ν) over bar spectra at zero recoil, including the order alpha(s)(2)beta(0) corrections. We point out that the theoretical uncertainties in the differences between B --> D and B --> D* slopes and curvatures are smaller than in the deviations of the slopes and curvatures themselves from their infinite mass limits. We find that the central values of the current experimental results for the difference of the slopes differ from our calculations when QCD sum rules are used to estimate subleading Isgur-Wise functions. A better understanding of the shapes of the B --> D((*))l (ν) over bar spectra may also help to reduce the error of \V-cb\ extracted from the zero recoil limit of B --> D*l (ν) over bar. We argue that heavy quark symmetry requires that the same fitting procedure be used in the experimental determinations of the shape parameters and \V-cb\ from the B --> Dl (ν) over bar and B --> D*l (ν) over bar spectra. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grinstein, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Grinstein, Benjamin/H-5777-2015 OI Grinstein, Benjamin/0000-0003-2447-4756 NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD FEB 7 PY 2002 VL 526 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01517-9 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 521EW UT WOS:000173827100020 ER PT J AU Chen, P George, SD Cabrito, I Antholine, WE Moura, JJG Moura, I Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Chen, P George, SD Cabrito, I Antholine, WE Moura, JJG Moura, I Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Electronic structure description of the mu(4)-sulfide bridged tetranuclear Cu-z center in N2O reductase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTASE; RAY-ABSORPTION-EDGE; COPPER; COORDINATION; CLUSTER; SITE; EPR C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, CQFB, Dept Quim, P-2825114 Caparica, Portugal. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Biophys Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Moura, I (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, CQFB, Dept Quim, P-2825114 Caparica, Portugal. RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Moura, Jose/D-6426-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; Moura, Isabel/D-6339-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Moura, Jose/0000-0002-4726-2388; Moura, Isabel/0000-0003-0971-4977; FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-31450] NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 744 EP 745 DI 10.1021/ja0169623 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 517UQ UT WOS:000173628900010 PM 11817937 ER PT J AU Clay, MD Jenney, FE Hagedoorn, PL George, GN Adams, MWW Johnson, MK AF Clay, MD Jenney, FE Hagedoorn, PL George, GN Adams, MWW Johnson, MK TI Spectroscopic studies of Pyrococcus furiosus superoxide reductase: Implications for active-site structures and the catalytic mechanism SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS ATCC-27774; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NONHEME IRON; DESULFOARCULUS-BAARSII; OXYGEN DETOXIFICATION; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; EXCITED-STATE; DESULFOFERRODOXIN AB The combination of UV/visible/NIR absorption, CID and variable-temperature magnetic circular dichroism (VTMCD), EPR, and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies has been used to investigate the electronic and structural properties of the oxidized and reduced forms of Pyrococcus furiosus superoxide reductase (SOR) as a function of pH and exogenous ligand binding. XAS shows that the mononuclear ferric center in the oxidized enzyme is very susceptible to photoreduction in the X-ray beam. This observation facilitates interpretation of ground- and excited-state electronic properties and the EXAFS results for the oxidized enzyme in terms of the published X-ray crystallographic data (Yeh, A. P.; Hu, Y.; Jenney, F. E.; Adams, M. W W.; Rees, D. C. Biochemistry 2000, 39, 2499-2508). In the oxidized state, the mononuclear ferric active site has octahedral coordination with four equatorial histidyl ligands and axial cysteinate and monodentate glutamate ligands. Fe EXAFS are best fit by one Fe-S at 2.36 Angstrom and five Fe-N/O at an average distance of 2.12 Angstrom. The EPR-determined spin Hamiltonian parameters for the high-spin (S = 5/2) ferric site in the resting enzyme, D = -0.50 +/- 0.05 cm(-1) and E/D = 0.06, are consistent with tetragonally compressed octahedral coordination geometry. UV/visible absorption and VTMCD studies facilitate resolution and assignment of piHis --> Fe3+(t(2g)) and (Cys)S(p) --> Fe3+(t(2g)) charge-transfer transitions, and the polarizations deduced from MCD saturation magnetization studies indicate that the zero-field splitting (compression) axis corresponds to one of the axes with trans-histidyl ligands. EPR and VTMCD studies provide evidence of azide, ferrocyanide, hydroxide, and cyanide binding via displacement of the glutamate ligand. For azide, ferrocyanide, and hydroxide, ligand binding occurs with retention of the high-spin (S = 5/2) ground state (E/D = 0.27 and D < 0 for azide and ferrocyanide; E/D = 0.25 and D = +1.1 +/- 0.2 cm(-1) for hydroxide), whereas cyanide binding results in a low-spin (S = 1/2) species (g = 2.29, 2.25, 1.94). The ground-state and charge-transfer/ligand-field excited-state properties of the low-spin cyanide-bound derivative are shown to be consistent with a tetragonally elongated octahedral coordination with the elongation axis corresponding to an axis with trans-histidyl ligands. In the reduced state, the ferrous site of SOR is shown to have square-pyramidal coordination geometry in frozen solution with four equatorial histidines and one axial cysteine on the basis of XAS and UV and NIR VTMCD studies. Fe EXAFS are best fit by one Fe-S at 2.37 Angstrom and four Fe-N/O at an average distance of 2.15 Angstrom. VTMCD reveals a high-spin (S = 2) ferrous site with (Cys)S(p) --> Fe2+ charge-transfer transitions in the UV region and T-5(2g) --> E-5(g) ligand-field transitions in the NIR region at 12400 and <5000 cm(-1). The ligand-field bands indicate square-pyramidal coordination geometry with 10Dq < 8700 cm(-1) and a large excited-state splitting, Delta(5)E(g) > 7400 cm(-1). Analysis of MCD saturation magnetization data leads to ground-state zero-field splitting parameters for the S = 2 ground state, D similar to+10 cm(-1) and E/D similar to 0.1, and complete assessment of ferrous d-orbital splitting. Azide binds weakly at the vacant coordination site of reduced SOR to give a coordination geometry intermediate between octahedral and square pyramidal with 10Dq = 9700 cm(-1) and Delta(5)E(g). = 4800 cm(-1). Cyanide binding results in an octahedral ferrous site with 10Dq = 10 900 cm(-1) and Delta(5)E(g) = 1750 cm(-1). The ability to bind exogenous ligands to both the ferrous and ferric sites of SOR is consistent with an inner-sphere catalytic mechanism involving superoxide binding at the ferrous site to yield a ferric- (hydro)peroxo intermediate. The structural and electronic properties of the SOR active site are discussed in relation to the role and bonding of the axial cysteine residue and the recent proposals for the catalytic mechanism. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Metalloenzyme Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Johnson, MK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM johnson@sunchem.chem.uga.edu RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013; Hagedoorn, Peter-Leon/C-8535-2014 OI Hagedoorn, Peter-Leon/0000-0001-6342-2022 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60329] NR 47 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5 BP 788 EP 805 DI 10.1021/ja016889g PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 517UQ UT WOS:000173628900028 PM 11817955 ER PT J AU Khamayseh, A Kuprat, A AF Khamayseh, A Kuprat, A TI Hybrid curve point distribution algorithms SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE point distribution density; adaptive resolution refinement; hybrid point distribution; curve grid smoothing ID DIFFERENCE AB Effective discretization of parametric curves has many applications in computational fields, ranging from evaluation and representation of complex geometries to geometric processing, grid generation, and numerical simulation. This paper presents a study of methods for point distribution on curves. Two direct approaches, adaptive resolution refinement and hybrid grid point distribution, are presented that generate high fidelity discrete approximations of parametric curves. Additionally, two smoothing techniques, parametric and nonparametric curve grid smoothing, are presented for the optimization of discrete curve data. This paper discusses these techniques in detail, presenting effective algorithms as well as a theoretical development of the methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM khamaysehak@ornl.gov; kuprat@lanl.gov OI Kuprat, Andrew/0000-0003-4159-918X NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD FEB 6 PY 2002 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1484 AR PII S1064827500367592 DI 10.1137/S1064827500367592 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 525TE UT WOS:000174086400003 ER PT J AU Majumdar, A Choi, KK Reno, JL Rokhinson, LP Tsui, DC AF Majumdar, A Choi, KK Reno, JL Rokhinson, LP Tsui, DC TI Two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector with voltage tunable peaks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector with voltage tunable detection peaks is demonstrated. It is based on electron transfer between two asymmetric coupled quantum wells under an applied bias. At 10 K, the peak detection wavelength is 7.5 mum for positive bias when the electrons reside in one of the wells, and switches to 8.8 mum at a large negative bias when the electrons are transferred to the other well. The electron activation behavior of dark current in this detector depends on both temperature and bias. We observed two distinctive activation energies under negative bias for two different temperature regimes and only one under positive bias. The voltage tunability of the detector and the activation energy are well explained by the calculated energy levels and oscillator strengths of intersubband transitions in the structure. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 707 EP 709 DI 10.1063/1.1447004 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 517NW UT WOS:000173617700001 ER PT J AU Stevens-Kalceff, MA Stesmans, A Wong, J AF Stevens-Kalceff, MA Stesmans, A Wong, J TI Defects induced in fused silica by high fluence ultraviolet laser pulses at 355 nm SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASSY SIO2; IRRADIATION; CENTERS; DAMAGE; GENERATION; DIOXIDE AB Point defects induced at the exit surface of optical-grade fused silica by high power (>30 J/cm(2)) 355 nm laser pulses have been investigated to elucidate the nature of laser damage in optics for use at high peak powers (>2 GW/cm(2)). Six defects have been identified. E-gamma(') and E-74(') defects were identified using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The nonbridging oxygen hole center, a self-trapped exciton, an oxygen-deficient center, and interstitial O-2 were identified and spatially resolved in the damage craters using cathodoluminescence microanalysis. The defects are associated with the laser generated shock waves and/or thermal explosion. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Louvain, Dept Phys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM wong10@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 758 EP 760 DI 10.1063/1.1446203 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 517NW UT WOS:000173617700018 ER PT J AU Mao, J Majumdar, A Choi, KK Tsui, DC Leung, KM Lin, CH Tamir, T Vawter, GA AF Mao, J Majumdar, A Choi, KK Tsui, DC Leung, KM Lin, CH Tamir, T Vawter, GA TI Light coupling mechanism of quantum grid infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE AB Rigorous electromagnetic modeling based on a modal solution of the pertinent boundary-value problem was performed to study the light coupling mechanism in quantum grid infrared photodetectors with lamellar patterns. Our theory shows that vertical field component and absorption quantum efficiency eta can be strongly enhanced by judiciously adjusting the width w of individual grid lines. This enhancement is further increased if the top of the grid lines is covered by metal, which behave as a collection of dipole scatterers. We have experimentally verified the dipole scattering characteristics with different w, and found that the variation of eta agrees very well with the theory. We also found that, as expected, the conductivity of the metal strips affects eta significantly due to internal dissipation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 868 EP 870 DI 10.1063/1.1445484 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 517NW UT WOS:000173617700055 ER PT J AU Ryndyk, DA Keller, J Helm, C AF Ryndyk, DA Keller, J Helm, C TI Non-equilibrium effects due to charge fluctuations in intrinsic Josephson systems SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; QUASIPARTICLE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; JUNCTIONS; OSCILLATIONS AB Non-equilibrium effects in layered superconductors forming a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions are investigated. We discuss two basic non-equilibrium effects caused by charge fluctuations on the superconducting layers: (a) the shift of the chemical potential of the condensate and (b) charge imbalance of quasi-particles, and study their influence on I-V curves and the position of Shapiro steps. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ryndyk, DA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, GSP-105, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 815 EP 826 AR PII S0953-8984(02)28213-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/4/314 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 526MX UT WOS:000174135200021 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Kioussis, N Demos, SG Radousky, HB AF Zhang, Q Kioussis, N Demos, SG Radousky, HB TI New evidence of the displacive feature of the ferroelectric transition in KDP-type crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article AB Employing ab initio calculations we have determined the structural parameters of the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases of KH2PO4, Which are in good agreement with experiment. The calculations reveal that the O-O bond length and the coordinated motion of the P and K atoms have a large effect on the double-well potential for H, controlling the distance, delta, between the two equilibrium positions of the H along the O-O bond in the paraelectric phase. The calculations provide new evidence that the ferroelectric phase transition in H-bonded crystals has also a displacive feature. C1 Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP L89 EP L93 AR PII S0953-8984(02)31301-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/4/103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 526MX UT WOS:000174135200003 ER PT J AU Romanino, A Strumia, A AF Romanino, A Strumia, A TI Electron and muon electric dipoles in supersymmetric scenarios SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-FLAVOR VIOLATION; GROUP FIXED-POINTS; CP VIOLATION; UNIFIED THEORIES; STANDARD MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL LIMIT; SOLAR NEUTRINOS; MOMENT; SUPERGRAVITY; SYMMETRY AB We study if a sizeable muon electric dipole can arise in supersymmetric frameworks able to account for the tight experimental bounds on sfermion masses, like an appropriate flavor symmetry, or like a flavor-blind mechanism of SUSY breaking (in presence of radiative corrections charchteristic of GUT models, or due to Yukawa couplings of neutrinos in see-saw models). In some cases it is possible to evade the naive scaling d(mu)/d(e) = m(mu)/m(e) and obtain a d(mu) as large as 10(-22divided by23)e cm. In most cases d(mu) is around 10(-24divided by25)e cm and (d(mu)/d(e))/(m(mu)/m(e)) is only slightly different from one: this ratio contains interesting informations on the source of the dipoles and on the texture of the lepton Yukawa matrix. We also update GUT predictions for mu --> egamma and related processes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, Div Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Strumia, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012 OI Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747 NR 71 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 622 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00607-1 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 517ZL UT WOS:000173640800003 ER PT J AU Schultz, M Boncella, JM Berg, DJ Tilley, TD Andersen, RA AF Schultz, M Boncella, JM Berg, DJ Tilley, TD Andersen, RA TI Coordination of 2,2 '-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline to substituted ytterbocenes: An experimental investigation of spin coupling in lanthanide complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DERIVATIVES; ORGANOLANTHANIDE; CHALCOGENIDES; BIPYRIDINE; CHEMISTRY; YTTERBIUM; REDUCTION; HALIDES; LIGANDS AB Addition of 2,2'-bipyridyl to diamagnetic (Me5C5)(2)Yb(OEt2) gives the brown adduct (Me5C5)(2)-Yb(bipy). The solution H-1 NMR and electronic absorption spectra show that the bipyridyl complex is paramagnetic, containing a bipyridyl radical anion, which can also be detected in the solid-state infrared spectrum and by the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. However, the measured magnetic moment, which varies from less than 1 mu(B) at 5 K to 2.5 mu(B) at 300 K, is higher than expected for (Me5C5)(2)Yb-II(bipy(0)) and less than expected for (Me5C5)(2)Yb-III(bipy(-)). An electron exchange model for spin coupling between Yb(III), with electron configuration 4f(13), and the single impaired electron in the bipyridyl radical anion is presented, based on comparison with the iodide salt [(Me5C5)(2)Yb-III(bipy(0))](+)[I](-). Comparing the magnetic susceptibility of (Me5C5)(2)Yb(phen) with its iodide salt shows similar behavior with phenanthroline as ligand. The extent of paramagnetism and therefore the exchange coupling is changed by the nature of the substituents on the cyclopentadienide rings; electron-withdrawing SiMe3 groups favor Yb(II), while electron-donating alkyl groups stabilize the Yb(III) species. The molecular structures of many of the compounds have been determined in the solid state, and the bond distances and angles are consistent with the interpretation of the magnetism. The ring substituents, and therefore the different magnetic environments about the ytterbium. center, also influence the rate of intermolecular exchange of the heterocyclic base ligands in solution; when the ligand is reduced, it exchanges more slowly than in the diamagnetic compounds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schultz, Madeleine/B-4131-2011; OI Schultz, Madeleine/0000-0001-7967-5147; Boncella, James/0000-0001-8393-392X NR 39 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 460 EP 472 DI 10.1021/om010661k PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 517YL UT WOS:000173638200006 ER PT J AU Bair, S McCabe, C Cummings, PT AF Bair, S McCabe, C Cummings, PT TI Comparison of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics with experimental measurements in the nonlinear shear-thinning regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR; FLUID; FLOW AB Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics of a low-molecular-weight fluid (squalane) are compared with experimental measurements in both the linear (Newtonian) and nonlinear (non-Newtonian) regimes. The experimental and simulation data are shown to follow the same time-temperature superposition master curve. This represents the first comparison of the nonlinear rheology predicted by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics with experiment, and is thus the first experimental test of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in the nonlinear regime. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Tribol & Rheol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McCabe, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 19 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 058302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.058302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500080 PM 11863785 ER PT J AU Butler, PD Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Warr, GG AF Butler, PD Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Warr, GG TI Comment on "evidence of a sponge-to-lamellar phase transition under shear by X-ray scattering experiments in a Couette cell" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Butler, PD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 059601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.059601 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500081 PM 11863786 ER PT J AU Cumings, J Zettl, A McCartney, MR Spence, JCH AF Cumings, J Zettl, A McCartney, MR Spence, JCH TI Electron holography of field-emitting carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; EMITTERS AB Electron holography performed in situ inside a high resolution transmission electron microscope has been used to determine the magnitude and spatial distribution of the electric field surrounding individual field-emitting carbon nanotubes. The electric field (and hence the associated field emission current) is concentrated precisely at the tips of the nanotubes and not at other nanotube defects such as sidewall imperfections. The electric field magnitude and distribution are stable in time, even in cases where the nanotube field emission current exhibits extensive temporal fluctuations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 22 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 056804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.056804 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500060 PM 11863765 ER PT J AU Hastings, MB AF Hastings, MB TI Exact multifractal spectra for arbitrary Laplacian random walks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; FRACTAL DIMENSION; GROWTH; SETS AB Iterated conformal mappings are used to obtain exact multifractal spectra of the harmonic measure for arbitrary Laplacian random walks in two dimensions. Separate spectra are found to describe scaling of the growth measure in time, of the measure near the growth tip, anal of the measure away from the growth tip. The spectra away from the tip coincide with those of conformally invariant equilibrium systems with arbitrary central charge c less than or equal to 1, with c related to the particular walk chosen, while the scaling in time and near the tip cannot be obtained from the equilibrium properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hastings, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 055506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.055506 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500040 PM 11863745 ER PT J AU Ku, W Pickett, WE Scalettar, RT Eguiluz, AG AF Ku, W Pickett, WE Scalettar, RT Eguiluz, AG TI Ab initio investigation of collective charge excitations in MgB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED ELECTRONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; PLASMONS; METALS; BORON; GAS; AL AB A sharp collective charge excitation is predicted in MgB2 at similar to2.5 eV for q perpendicular to the boron layers, based on an all-electron analysis of the dynamical density response within time-dependent density functional theory. This novel excitation, consisting of coherent charge fluctuation between Mg and B sheets, induces an abrupt plasma edge in the experimentally observable reflectivity. The existence of this mode reflects the unique electronic structure of MgB2 that is also responsible for strong electron-phonon coupling. By contrast, the acoustic plasmon, recently suggested to explain the high T-c, is not realized when realistic transition strengths are incorporated. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ku, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 057001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.057001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500062 PM 11863767 ER PT J AU Mazevet, S Collins, LA Kress, JD AF Mazevet, S Collins, LA Kress, JD TI Evolution of ultracold neutral plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; RECOMBINATION; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; HYDROGEN AB We present the first large-scale simulations of an ultracold neutral plasma, produced by photoionization of laser-cooled xenon atoms, from creation to initial expansion, using classical molecular-dynamics methods with open boundary conditions. We reproduce many of the experimental findings such as the trapping efficiency of electrons with increased ion number; a minimum electron temperature achieved on approach to the photoionization threshold, and recombination into Rydberg states of an anomalously low principal quantum number. In addition, many of these effects establish themselves very early in the plasma evolution (similar to ns) before the present experimental observations begin. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 055001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.055001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500029 PM 11863734 ER PT J AU Omori, S Nihei, Y Rotenberg, E Denlinger, JD Marchesini, S Kevan, SE Tonner, BP Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS AF Omori, S Nihei, Y Rotenberg, E Denlinger, JD Marchesini, S Kevan, SE Tonner, BP Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS TI Differential photoelectron holography: A new approach for three-dimensional atomic imaging SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY HOLOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-EMISSION HOLOGRAPHY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION DATA; IMAGES; PATTERNS; AUGER; LEED AB We propose differential holography as a method to overcome the long-standing forward-scattering problem in photoelectron holography and related techniques for the three-dimensional imaging of atoms. Atomic images reconstructed from experimental and theoretical Cu 3p holograms from Cu(001) demonstrate that this method suppresses strong forward-scattering effects so as to yield more accurate three-dimensional images of side- and backscattering atoms. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo 1538505, Japan. RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Kevan, Stephen/F-6415-2010 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Kevan, Stephen/0000-0002-4621-9142 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 055504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.055504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500038 PM 11863743 ER PT J AU Plehn, T Rainwater, D Zeppenfeld, D AF Plehn, T Rainwater, D Zeppenfeld, D TI Determining the structure of Higgs couplings at the CERN Large Hadron Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK BOSON FUSION; TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; LINEAR COLLIDERS; GLUON-FUSION; V1V2 MODES; LHC; DECAYS; SECTOR; PROSPECTS; QBARAQB AB Higgs boson production via weak boson fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider has the capability to determine the dominant CP nature of a Higgs boson, via the tensor structure of its coupling to weak bosons. This information is contained. in the azimuthal angle distribution of the two outgoing forward tagging jets. The technique is independent of both the Higgs boson mass and the observed decay channel. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theory Dept, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Plehn, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 38 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 5 AR 051801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.051801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518VA UT WOS:000173687500008 PM 11863713 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Yoon, HJ Ahn, HJ Lee, IB Cho, SH Waldo, GS Park, MS Suh, SW AF Yang, JK Yoon, HJ Ahn, HJ Lee, IB Cho, SH Waldo, GS Park, MS Suh, SW TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the Rv2002 gene product from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a beta-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase homologue SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INHA AB A 260-residue protein (FabG3) encoded by the Rv2002 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows amino-acid sequence similarity to beta-ketoacyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, FabG. A soluble mutant (I6T/V47M/T69M) was produced by the green fluorescent protein-based directed-evolution method. It was crystallized at 296 K using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The diffraction quality of the crystal improved significantly after annealing/dehydration. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 1.8 Angstrom resolution using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belongs to the space group P3(1)21 (or P3(2)21), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 70.38, c = 148.93 Angstrom. The asymmetric unit contains two subunits, with a corresponding V-M of 1.90 Angstrom(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 35.3%. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Mol Engn, Struct Proteom Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Korean Inst TB, Seoul 137900, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Suh, SW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Mol Engn, Struct Proteom Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RI Suh, Se Won/H-8306-2013 OI Suh, Se Won/0000-0002-1768-4635 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 BP 303 EP 305 DI 10.1107/S0907444901018789 PN 2 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 514LX UT WOS:000173442200015 PM 11807257 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Gakh, AA Sachleben, RA AF Bryan, JC Gakh, AA Sachleben, RA TI (9,10-Triptyceno)benzo-28-crown-8 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The structure of the title compound, C40H44O8, differs from previously determined structures of triptyceno-crown ether molecules as its longer crown ether chain does not congest a triptycene cavity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US House Representatives, Comm Sci, Energy Subcomm, Washington, DC 20515 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 BP o129 EP o131 DI 10.1107/S1600536802000302 PN 2 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 525UB UT WOS:000174089800033 ER PT J AU Hunt, AG Gee, GW AF Hunt, AG Gee, GW TI Application of critical path analysis to fractal porous media: comparison with examples from the Hanford site SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOILS; FRAGMENTATION; MODEL; ROCK AB Critical path analysis from percolation theory is used to calculate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(S), of soils with pore space compatible with a (sometimes complex) fractal description. The fractal descriptions are chosen in accord with particle-size distributions of two soils at the US Department of Energy Hanford Site. One of the two soils exhibits a bimodal particle-size distribution, and is treated as a "dual" fractal. The results are then compared with measured hydraulic properties of these two soils. The analysis yields excellent agreement with experiment over 4-6 orders of magnitude in most investigated properties without use of fitting parameters. It is possible to show that such unusual phenomena as a sudden increase in the spread of K values with reduction of matric potential can be traced to effects of a bimodal distribution of pore sizes. The least certain parameter for calculation of K is the "critical volume fraction", alpha(c), which describes the minimum water content for which an interconnected network of capillary flow exists. The values deduced for alpha(c) however, allow consistent interpretation in both soils investigated (in contrast to fitted values of a "residual moisture content" obtained by application of the van Genuchten function). Further, values of alpha(c) obtained correspond well with threshold moisture contents for solute diffusion reported elsewhere, evidence for the relevance of percolation to dispersion. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hunt, AG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 146 AR PII S0309-1708(01)00057-4 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(01)00057-4 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 535VD UT WOS:000174666300003 ER PT J AU Smith, DH Wilder, JW Seshadri, K AF Smith, DH Wilder, JW Seshadri, K TI Methane hydrate equilibria in silica gels with broad pore-size distributions SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB Equilibrium pressures for the dissociation of methane hydrates confined in silica gel pores of nominal radii 7.5, 5.0 and 3.0 nm were measured over a wide temperature range, and were observed to be higher than those for bulk, methane hydrate. A model is presented that allows the pore radius involved in each equilibrium to be determined front these data, so that the model exactly, reproduces the experimental equilibrium pressure. Based on this model, pore volume distributions were reconstructed and found to be in good agreement with those obtained from nitrogen desorption isotherms, indicating that hydrate formed nearly, uniformly in the available pores. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Parsons Infrastruct & Technol Grp, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0001-1541 EI 1547-5905 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1002/aic.690480222 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 522XM UT WOS:000173922300021 ER PT J AU Phillips, CA Stein, C Torng, E Wein, J AF Phillips, CA Stein, C Torng, E Wein, J TI Optimal time-critical scheduling via resource augmentation SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE scheduling; on-line algorithms; competitive analysis; flow time; real-time; extra-resources ID AVERAGE COMPLETION-TIME; ONLINE; MACHINE AB We consider two fundamental problems in dynamic scheduling: scheduling to meet deadlines in a preemptive multiprocessor setting, and scheduling to provide good response time in a number of scheduling environments. When viewed from the perspective of traditional worst-case analysis, no good on-line algorithms exist for these problems, and for some variants no good off-line algorithms exist unless P = NP. We study these problems using a relaxed notion of competitive analysis, introduced by Kalyanasundaram and Pruhs, in which the on-line algorithm is allowed more resources than the optimal off-line algorithm to which it is compared, Using this approach, we establish that several well-known on-line algorithms, that have poor performance from an absolute worst-case perspective, are optimal for the problems in question when allowed moderately more resources. For optimization of average flow time, these are the first results of any sort, for any NP-hard version of the problem, that indicate that it might be possible to design good approximation algorithms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87183 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res, New York, NY 10027 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Phillips, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87183 USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-4617 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 163 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00453-001-0068-9 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 498NN UT WOS:000172517700001 ER PT J AU Skeer, J AF Skeer, J TI Links between Cairo and Kyoto: Addressing global warming through voluntary family planning SO AMBIO LA English DT Article AB Over the past three decades, with a combination of new technology, rising female literacy rates, and strengthened family planning programs, the world has seen dramatic increases in the use of contraception, with corresponding declines in fertility and population growth rates. At the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo in 1994, parties pledged a tripling of funding for reproductive health programs in developing countries. Many demographers believe that making such programs more widely available to women would extend the decline in birth rates and shift the world towards the low scenario of United Nations population projections over the next century and a half. By examining the costs and impacts of such programs, in view of the links between population and carbon emissions, this paper shows that extension of voluntary family planning could make a large and cost-effective contribution to the greenhouse gas limitation goals of the Kyoto Protocol that was negotiated in 1997. C1 US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Skeer, J (reprint author), US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 28 EP 29 DI 10.1639/0044-7447(2002)031[0028:LBCAKA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 529YT UT WOS:000174329400005 PM 11928354 ER PT J AU Shen-Miller, J Schopf, JW Harbottle, G Cao, RJ Ouyang, S Zhou, KS Southon, JR Liu, GH AF Shen-Miller, J Schopf, JW Harbottle, G Cao, RJ Ouyang, S Zhou, KS Southon, JR Liu, GH TI Long-living lotus: Germination and soil gamma-irradiation of centuries-old fruits, and cultivation, growth, and phenotypic abnormalities of offspring SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; dormancy; gamma radiation; growth; imbibition; lotus; seed longevity ID DRY SEEDS; RADIATION; LONGEVITY; STORAGE; CHINA AB Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) has been cultivated as a crop in Asia for thousands of years An similar to1300-yr-old lotus fruit. recovered from an originally cultivated but now dry lakebed in northeastern China, is the oldest germinated and directly C-14-dated fruit known In 1996, we travelled to the dry lake at Xipaozi Village, China. the source of the old viable fruits. We identified all of the landmarks recorded by botanist Ichiro Ohga some 80 yr ago when he first studied the deposit, but found that the fruits are now rare. We (1) cataloged a total of 60 lotus fruits. (2) germinated four fruits having physical ages of 200-500 yr by C-14 dating: (3) measured the rapid germination of the old fruits and the initially fast growth and short dormancy of their seedlings: (4) recorded abnormal phenotypes in their leaves, stalks, roots. and rhizomes; (5) determined gamma-radiation of similar to2.0 mGy/yr in the lotus-bearing beds: and (6) measured stratigraphic sequences of the lakebed strata. The total gamma-irradiation of the old fruits of 0 1-3 Gy (gray. the unit of absorbed dosage defined as 1 joule/kg, 1 Gy = 100 rad). evidently resulting in certain of the abnormal phenotypes noted in their seedlings, represents the longest natural radiobiology experiment yet recorded Most of the lotus abnormalities resemble those of chronically irradiated plants exposed to much higher irradiances. Though the chronic exposure of the old fruits to low-dose gamma-radiation may be responsible in part for the notably weak growth and mutant phenotypes of the seedlings it has not affected seed viability. All seeds presumably repair cellular damage before germination. Understanding of repair mechanisms in the old lotus seeds may provide insight to the aging process applicable also to other organisms. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nanjing Inst Geol & Palaeontol, Nanjing, Jiansu, Peoples R China. Beijing Inst Geol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Liaoning Normal Univ, Dept Geol, Daltan, Liaoming, Peoples R China. RP Shen-Miller, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM shenmiller@biology.ucla.edu NR 52 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 EI 1537-2197 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 89 IS 2 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.3732/ajb.89.2.236 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595FQ UT WOS:000178098100007 PM 21669732 ER PT J AU Ritchie, DJ AF Ritchie, DJ TI Answer to Question #78. A question about the Maxwell relations in thermodynamics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ritchie, DJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 70 IS 2 BP 104 EP 104 DI 10.1119/1.1410956 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 514FF UT WOS:000173427400003 ER PT J AU Fjellvag, H Hauback, BC Vogt, T Stolen, S AF Fjellvag, H Hauback, BC Vogt, T Stolen, S TI Monoclinic nearly stoichiometric wustite at low temperatures SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; IRON MONOXIDE; PRESSURE; GPA AB The crystallographic and magnetic structures of Fe0.99O at 10 K have been determined by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. Fe0.99O is found to be monoclinic, space group C2/m, with unit-cell dimensions a = 5.2615(1), b = 3.0334(1), c = 3.0602 (1) Angstrom, and beta = 124.649(2)degrees. The Fe-O distances in the distorted FeO6 octahedron are 2.154 Angstrom x 4 and 2.165 Angstrom x 2. The magnetic unit cell is obtained by doubling one of the crystallographic axes, a (magn) = a(m), b (magn) = b(m), and c (magn) = 2c(m). The refined magnetic components at 8 K are M-x = 2.7(1) muB, M-y = -0.9(2) muB, and M-x 4.77(2) muB, with resultant M = 4.03(2) muB. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Inst Energy Technol, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stolen, S (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, Postbox 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 87 IS 2-3 BP 347 EP 349 PG 3 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 518ZD UT WOS:000173697700018 ER PT J AU Uchiki, T Hettich, R Gupta, V Dealwis, C AF Uchiki, T Hettich, R Gupta, V Dealwis, C TI Characterization of monomeric and dimeric forms of recombinant Sm1lp-histag protein by electrospray mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; electrospray; recombinant protein; enzyme inhibition; proteolytic digests; collisional dissociation; disulfide bond determination ID STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; IONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDES; SPECTRA; YEAST; GENES; BIOMOLECULES; PROTEOMICS AB Sml1p is small protein that binds to and inhibits the activity of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR)(3), a protein enzyme complex that controls the balance and level of the cellular deoxynucleotide diphosphate pools that are critical for DNA synthesis and repair. In this respect, Sml1p is a checkpoint protein whose function is to regulate the activity of the large subunit of RNR (Rnr1p). Sml1p is thought to be regulated by the MEC1/RAD53 cell cycle checkpoint pathway. Neither the structure of Sml1p nor its complex to Rnr1p is well known. In this report, we describe how a recombinant Sml1p-histag protein (in both monomeric and dimeric forms) can be characterized with electrospray mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry can play a vital role in the study of the Sml1p-Rnr1p complex by: (1) confirming the identities and purities of recombinant proteins such as Sm1lp-histag (with mass accuracy and resolution far superior to SDS-PAGE) and (2) verifying the presence or absence of PTM, chemical modifications, or metal-ion binding to the protein species, which may alter the function and binding of the protein partners. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Genome Sci & Technol Grad Sch, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Biochem & Cellular Mol Biol Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Uchiki, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Genome Sci & Technol Grad Sch, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 301 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5492 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 518HG UT WOS:000173661300006 PM 11811965 ER PT J AU Reid, GE Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA AF Reid, GE Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA TI Tandem mass spectrometry of ribonuclease A and B: N-linked glycosylation site analysis of whole protein ions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRAP COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; ION/ION REACTIONS; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; IONIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE; SEQUENCE; INTACT AB Recently, an approach for the "top down" sequence analysis of whole protein ions has been developed, employing electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation, and ion/ion proton-transfer reactions in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. This approach has now been extended to an analysis of the [M + 12H](12+) to [M + 5H](5+) ions of ribonuclease A and its N-linked glycosylated analogue, ribonuclease 13, to determine the influence of the posttranslational modification on protein fragmentation. In agreement with previous studies on the fragmentation of a range of protein ions, facile gas-phase fragmentation was observed to occur along the protein backbone at the C-terminal of aspartic acid residues, and at the N-terminal of proline, depending on the precursor ion charge state. Interestingly, no evidence was found for gas-phase deglycosylation of the N-linked sugar in ribonuclease B, presumably due to effective competition from the facile amide bond cleavage channels that "protect" the N-linked glycosidic bond from cleavage. Thus, localization of the posttranslational modification site may be determined by analysis of the "protein fragment ion mass fingerprint". C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reid, GE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gavinreid@purdue.edu RI Stephenson, James/A-9262-2009; McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009; OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570; Reid, Gavin/0000-0002-9675-1444 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 45372] NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1021/ac015618i PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 518KV UT WOS:000173668200031 PM 11838679 ER PT J AU Goshe, MB Veenstra, TD Panisko, EA Conrads, TP Angell, NH Smith, RD AF Goshe, MB Veenstra, TD Panisko, EA Conrads, TP Angell, NH Smith, RD TI Phosphoprotein isotope-coded affinity tags: Application to the enrichment and identification of low-abundance phosphoproteins SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORYLATION SITES; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AVIDIN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOTIN; CELLS; ACID AB The use of a phosphoprotein isotope-coded affinity tag (PhIAT), which employs differential isotopic labeling and biotinylation, has been shown capable of enriching and identifying mixtures of low-abundance phosphopeptides. A denatured solution of beta-casein was labeled using the PhIAT method, and after proteolytic digestion, the labeled peptides were isolated using immobilized avidin. The recovered peptides were separated by capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. PhIAT-labeled peptides corresponding to known O-phosphorylated peptides from beta-casein were identified along with the phosphorylated peptides from alpha(S1)-casein and alpha(S2)-casein, known low-level (<5%) contaminants of commercially available P-casein. All of the casein-phosphorylated residues identified by the present PhIAT approach correspond to previously documented sites of phosphorylation. The results illustrate the efficacy of the PhIAT-labeling strategy to not only enrich mixtures for phosphopeptides but also, more importantly, permit the detection and identification of low-level phosphopeptides. In addition, the differences in the phosphorylation state could be determined between phosphopeptides in comparative samples by stoichiometric conversion using the light and heavy isotopic versions of the PhIAT reagents. Overall, our results exemplify the application of the PhIAT approach and demonstrate its utility for pro-teome-wide phosphoprotein identification and quantitation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN-K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86340, CA93306] NR 25 TC 132 Z9 143 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1021/ac015528g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 518KV UT WOS:000173668200035 PM 11838682 ER PT J AU Rugama, Y Munoz-Cobo, JL Valentine, TE AF Rugama, Y Munoz-Cobo, JL Valentine, TE TI Modal influence of the detector location for the noise calculation of the ADS SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID COUNTING STATISTICS; NUCLEAR ASSEMBLIES; TRANSPORT-THEORY; NEUTRON; DRIVEN; PARAMETERS AB The purpose of this paper is to investigate the space dependence of neutron noise in a source-driven subcritical system. The noise produced by the fluctuations of the source are measured from the cross spectrum between the source and a detector located inside the system using the methodology of Munoz-Cobo et al. (Munoz-Cobo, J.L., Rugama, Y., Valentine, T., Mihalczo, J., Perez, R., 2002. Annals of Nuclear Energy in press). The prompt neutron decay constant obtained from the source-detector cross spectrum is dependent on the detector location because of the influence of higher modes of the neutron flux. One group diffusion theory is used to determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the fundamental and higher modes. This analytical approximation will be used to explain the detector location effect through quantitative evaluation of a specific model. The analytical system subcriticality will be obtained from the eigenvalue equation in the static case at two different subcritical situations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rugama, Y (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, POB 22012, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. OI Valentine, Timothy/0000-0001-7495-7348; Munoz-Cobo, Jose-Luis/0000-0002-4512-7991 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD FEB PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 215 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(01)00043-3 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491NG UT WOS:000172114300001 ER PT J AU Thompson, DK Beliaev, AS Giometti, CS Tollaksen, SL Khare, T Lies, DP Nealson, KH Lim, H Yates, J Brandt, CC Tiedje, JM Zhou, JZ AF Thompson, DK Beliaev, AS Giometti, CS Tollaksen, SL Khare, T Lies, DP Nealson, KH Lim, H Yates, J Brandt, CC Tiedje, JM Zhou, JZ TI Transcriptional and proteomic analysis of a ferric uptake regulator (fur) mutant of Shewanella oneidensis: Possible involvement of fur in energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and oxidative stress SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UPTAKE REGULATION PROTEIN; 6FE-6S PRISMANE-CLUSTER; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; EXOTOXIN-A PRODUCTION; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SIDEROPHORE BIOSYNTHESIS AB The iron-directed, coordinate regulation of genes depends on the fur (ferric uptake regulator) gene product, which acts as an iron-responsive, transcriptional repressor protein. To investigate the biological function of a fur homolog in the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a fur knockout strain (FUR1) was generated by suicide plasmid integration into this gene and characterized using phenotype assays, DNA microarrays containing 691 arrayed genes, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Physiological studies indicated that FUR1 was similar to the wild-type strain when they were compared for anaerobic growth and reduction of various electron acceptors. Transcription profiling, however, revealed that genes with predicted functions in electron transport, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and oxidative stress protection were either repressed (ccoNQ, etrA, cytochrome b and c maturation-encoding genes, qor, yiaY, sodB, rpoH, phoB, and chvI) or induced (yggW, pdhC, prpC, aceE, fdhD, and ppc) in the fur mutant. Disruption of fur also resulted in derepression of genes (hxuC, alcC,fhuA, hemR, irgA, and ompW) putatively involved in iron uptake. This agreed with the finding that the fur mutant produced threefold-higher levels of siderophore than the wild-type strain under conditions of sufficient iron. Analysis of a subset of the FUR1 proteome (i.e., primarily soluble cytoplasmic and periplasmic proteins) indicated that 11 major protein species reproducibly showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in abundance relative to the wild type. Protein identification using mass spectrometry indicated that the expression of two of these proteins (SodB and AlcC) correlated with the microarray data. These results suggest a possible regulatory role of S. oneidensis MR-1 Fur in energy metabolism that extends the traditional model of Fur as a negative regulator of iron acquisition systems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouj@ornl.gov RI Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016 OI Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632 NR 73 TC 120 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 881 EP 892 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.2.881-892.2002 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 517AH UT WOS:000173588600056 PM 11823232 ER PT J AU Ding, M Schuiling, RD van der Sloot, HA AF Ding, M Schuiling, RD van der Sloot, HA TI Self-sealing isolation and immobilization: a geochemical approach to solve the environmental problem of waste acidic jarosite SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMBUSTION RESIDUES; PRECIPITATION; ALUNITE; AUSTRALIA; LAKE AB Mimicking geochemical processes to solve environmental problems was implemented in dealing with waste acidic jarosite and alkaline coal fly ash. By placing these two chemically different materials adjacent to one another, a self-sealing layer was formed at the interface between both wastes, isolating and immobilizing chemical constituents in the process. A series of leaching experiments were performed on each material separately to study the release behavior of the principal constituents. Radiotracer experiments were conducted to explore diffusion and reaction of constituents such as Fe(3+) in a combined jarosite/fly ash system. A model has been developed to simulate the coupled processes of diffusion and precipitation taking into account porosity change due to pore filling by precipitates. The formation of a self-sealing isolation layer in a hypothetical jarosite/fly ash disposal site was modelled. Leaching results indicate that the release of elements from jarosite is much larger than that from fly ash, and that the highly pH dependent release of Fe, Al, and Zn was controlled by the solubility of their hydroxides. Leaching results also suggest that precipitation reactions can be expected to occur at the interface between jarosite and alkaline coal fly ash where a large pH gradient exists. Radiotracer experiments showed that accumulation of constituents occurred at the interface. Modeled Fe(3+) profiles in layered jarosite/fly ash were well validated by experiments. Modeling results also showed that with the accumulation of constituents at the interface, a new layer with low porosity was formed. Application of this model suggests that there is a potential use to form a self-sealing layer in jarosite/fly ash co-disposal sites. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. RP Ding, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Div, Environm Sci & Waste Technol EET Grp, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mding@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00099-3 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 518NM UT WOS:000173674800003 ER PT J AU Koksharova, OA Wolk, CP AF Koksharova, OA Wolk, CP TI Genetic tools for cyanobacteria SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; SP-STRAIN PCC-7120; BLUE-GREEN-ALGA; THURINGIENSIS SUBSP ISRAELENSIS; AGMENELLUM-QUADRUPLICATUM PR-6; ANACYSTIS-NIDULANS R2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC OXYGEN EVOLUTION; CYANOPHYCIN GRANULE POLYPEPTIDE; ASPARTIC ACID CYANOPHYCIN; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS AB have been used increasingly to study diverse biological processes, including photosynthesis and its regulation; cell differentiation and N-2 fixation; metabolism of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen; resistance to environmental stresses; and molecular evolution. Many vectors and other genetic tools have been developed for unicellular and filamentous strains of cyanobacteria. Trans formation, electroporation, and conjugation are used for gene transfer. Diverse methods of mutagenesis allow the isolation of many sought-for kinds of mutants, including site-directed mutants of specific genes. Reporter genes permit measurement of the level of transcription of particular genes, and assays of transcription within individual colonies or within individual cells in a filament. Complete genomic sequences have been obtained for the unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and the filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, Genomic sequence projects are under way for Nostoc punctiforme strain PCC 73102 (ATCC 29133) and strains of the unicellular genera, Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and Gloeobacter. Genomic sequence data provide the opportunity for global monitoring of changes in genetic expression at transcriptional and translational levels in response to variations in environmental conditions. The availability of genomic sequences accelerates the identification, study, modification and comparison of cyanobacterial genes, and facilitates analysis of evolutionary relationships, including the relationship of chloroplasts to ancient cyanobacteria. The many available genetic tools enhance the opportunities for possible biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria. C1 Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. N Vavilov Inst Gen Genet, Moscow 117809, Russia. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Koksharova, Olga/F-7770-2012 OI Koksharova, Olga/0000-0003-2913-9017 NR 241 TC 110 Z9 127 U1 10 U2 72 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00253-001-0864-9 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526RD UT WOS:000174142700001 PM 11876404 ER PT J AU Miller, AR Keener, WK Watwood, ME Roberto, EF AF Miller, AR Keener, WK Watwood, ME Roberto, EF TI A rapid fluorescence-based assay for detecting soluble methane monooxygenase SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS BATH; TRICHLOROETHYLENE DEGRADATION; CONTINUOUS CULTURES; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; MONO-OXYGENASES; II METHANOTROPH; SUBSTRATE; SPECIFICITIES; PURIFICATION AB A fluorescence-based assay was developed to estimate soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) activity in solution. Whole cells of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b expressing sMMO were used to oxidize various compounds to screen for fluorescent products. Of the 12 compounds tested, only coumarin yielded a fluorescent product. The UV absorbance spectrum of the product matches that of 7-hydroxycoumarin, and this identification was confirmed by C-13-NMR spectroscopy. The dependence of the fluorescent reaction on sMMO activity was investigated by pre-incubation with acetylene, a known inhibitor of sMMO activity. Apparent kinetic parameters for whole cells were determined to be K-m(app) =262 muM and V-max(app)=821 nmol 7-hydroxycoumarin min(-1) mg protein(-1). The rate of coumarin oxidation by sMMO correlates well with those of trichloroethylene degradation and naphthalene oxidation. Advantages of the fluorescence-based coumarin oxidation assay over the naphthalene oxidation assay include a more stable product, direct detection of the product without additional reagents, and greater speed and convenience. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Envionm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Miller, AR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Envionm Lab, POB 1625 MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1007/s00253-001-0885-4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526RD UT WOS:000174142700009 PM 11876411 ER PT J AU Mehay, AW Cai, CS Harrington, PD AF Mehay, AW Cai, CS Harrington, PD TI Regularized linear discriminant analysis of wavelet compressed ion mobility spectra SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE wavelet compression; linear discriminant analysis; process monitoring; BTEX; ion mobility spectrometry; singular value decomposition ID MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; IR-SPECTRA; SPECTROMETRY; TRANSFORMS; LIBRARIES AB Wavelet compression (WC) coupled to a regularized version of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was evaluated as an effective classifier for identification of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and the xylene isomers (BTEX) from their positive ion mobility spectra. A novel LDA classifier was devised that uses pseudoinverses of the within-group covariance matrices. The pseudoinverse allows LDA to be applied directly to underdetermined data. Wavelet compression improved the classification by removing noise from the spectra. Spectra compressed with the daublet 22 filter yielded better prediction than data compressed by principal components. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) affords rapid and sensitive measurements that may be used for process monitoring. This study demonstrates that classification by LDA directly on the wavelet-compressed (WT-LDA) positive ion spectra can be used for identification of BTEX compounds. The accompanying benefits include fast model building, removal of noise, and improved classification. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene at high and low concentrations were used to construct the classification models. Spectra from intermediate concentrations were used for evaluation. Optimization of prediction favored shorter wavelet filters than those obtained from filters optimized for reconstruction. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Ohio Univ, Clippinger Labs, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Aventis Pharmaceut, Kansas City, MO 64137 USA. RP Harrington, PD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Harrington, Peter/0000-0003-0268-8630 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 56 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1366/0003702021954485 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 528XF UT WOS:000174269500013 ER PT J AU Schneider, DP Richards, GT Fan, XH Hall, PB Strauss, MA Vanden Berk, DE Gunn, JE Newberg, HJ Reichard, TA Stoughton, C Voges, W Yanny, B Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bauer, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Briggs, JW Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kunzst, PZ Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Merelli, A Munn, JA Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, D Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Waddell, P York, DG AF Schneider, DP Richards, GT Fan, XH Hall, PB Strauss, MA Vanden Berk, DE Gunn, JE Newberg, HJ Reichard, TA Stoughton, C Voges, W Yanny, B Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bauer, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Boroski, WN Brinkmann, J Briggs, JW Brunner, R Burles, S Carey, L Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Friedman, S Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Heckman, TM Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Kunzst, PZ Lamb, DQ Leger, RF Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Margon, B Meiksin, A Merelli, A Munn, JA Newcomb, M Nichol, RC Owen, R Pier, JR Pope, A Rockosi, CM Saxe, DH Schlegel, D Siegmund, WA Smee, S Snir, Y SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Thakar, AR Uomoto, A Waddell, P York, DG TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. I. Early data release SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; quasars : general; surveys ID SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; REDSHIFTS; EMISSION; COLORS AB We present the first edition of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Quasar Catalog. The catalog consists of the 3814 objects ( 3000 discovered by the SDSS) in the initial SDSS public data release that have at least one emission line with a full width at half-maximum larger than 1000 km s(-1), luminosities brighter than M(i*) = -23, and highly reliable redshifts. The area covered by the catalog is 494 deg(2); the majority of the objects were found in SDSS commissioning data using a multicolor selection technique. The quasar redshifts range from 0.15 to 5.03. For each object the catalog presents positions accurate to better than 0".2 rms per coordinate, five-band (ugriz) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.05 mag, radio and X-ray emission properties, and information on the morphology and selection method. Calibrated spectra of all objects in the catalog, covering the wavelength region 3800-9200 Angstrom at a spectral resolution of 1800-2100, are also available. Since the quasars were selected during the commissioning period, a time when the quasar selection algorithm was undergoing frequent revisions, the sample is not homogeneous and is not intended for statistical analysis. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Schneider, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403 NR 31 TC 138 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 567 EP 577 DI 10.1086/338434 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800001 ER PT J AU Stanford, SA Holden, B Rosati, P Eisenhardt, PR Stern, D Squires, G Spinrad, H AF Stanford, SA Holden, B Rosati, P Eisenhardt, PR Stern, D Squires, G Spinrad, H TI An X-ray selected galaxy cluster at z=1.11 in the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; X-rays ID BAND LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; DISTANT CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; MS-1054-03; Z=0.83 AB We report the discovery of an X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z=1.11. RDCS J0910+5422 was selected as an X-ray cluster candidate in the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey on the basis of its spatial extent in a ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter image. Deep optical and near-IR imaging reveal a red galaxy overdensity around the peak of the X-ray emission, with a significant excess of objects with J-K and I-K colors typical of elliptical galaxies at z similar to 1. Spectroscopic observations at the Keck II telescope secured nine galaxy redshifts in the range 1.095 < z < 1.120, yielding a mean cluster redshift of = 1.106. Eight of these galaxies lie within a 30" radius around the peak X-ray emission. A deep Chandra ACIS exposure on this field shows extended X-ray morphology and allows the X-ray spectrum of the intracluster medium to be measured. The cluster has bolometric luminosity Lx = 2.48(-0.26)(+0.33) x 10(44) ergs s(-1), temperature kT = 7.2(-1.4)(+2.2) keV, and mass within r = 1 Mpc of 7.0x10(14) M-circle dot (H-0 = 65 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega(m) = 0.3, and Omega(Lambda)= 0.7). The spatial distribution of the cluster members is elongated, which is not due to an observational selection effect, and followed by the X-ray morphology. The X-ray surface brightness pro le and the spectrophotometric properties of the cluster members suggest that this is an example of a massive cluster in an advanced stage of formation with a hot intracluster medium and an old galaxy population already in place at z > 1. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Munich, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stanford, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 48 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1086/338442 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800004 ER PT J AU De Breuck, C van Breugel, W Stanford, SA Rottgering, H Miley, G Stern, D AF De Breuck, C van Breugel, W Stanford, SA Rottgering, H Miley, G Stern, D TI Optical and near-infrared imaging of ultra steep-spectrum radio sources: The K-z diagram of radio-selected and optically selected galaxies SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : formation; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : structure; pulsars : general; radio continuum; surveys ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; VLA SKY SURVEY; VIRTUALLY COMPLETE REDSHIFTS; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; STELLAR POPULATIONS; FIND OBJECTS; 4C 41.17; EVOLUTION AB We present optical and/or near-IR images of 128 ultra-steep-spectrum radio sources. Roughly half of the objects are identified in the optical images (Rless than or similar to24), while in the near-IR images, more than 94% are detected at Kless than or similar to22. The mean K magnitude is (K) over bar = 19.26 within a 2" diameter aperture. The distribution of R-K colors indicates that at least one-third of the objects observed have very red colors (R-K>5). The major axes of the identifications in the K band are preferentially oriented along the radio axes, with half of them having compact morphologies. The 22 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and K-band magnitudes follow the K-z relation found from previous radio samples, but with a larger scatter. We argue that this may be due to a dependence of K magnitude on the radio power, with the most luminous radio sources inhabiting the most massive host galaxies. We present a composite K-z diagram of radio-loud and radio-quiet galaxies, selected from the Hubble Deep Field (North) and the Hawaii surveys. Out to z less than or similar to1, the radio-loud galaxies trace the bright envelope of the radio quiet galaxies, while at z greater than or similar to 1, the radio-loud galaxies are greater than or similar to2 mag brighter. We argue that this is not due to a contribution from the active galactic nucleus or emission lines. This difference strongly suggests that radio galaxies pinpoint the most massive systems out to the highest known redshifts, probably as a result of the mutual correlation of the mass of the galaxy and the radio power on the mass of the central black hole. C1 Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Breuck, C (reprint author), Inst Astrophys Paris, 98bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM debreuck@iap.fr; wil@ipgg.ucllnl.org; adam@igpp.ucllnl.org; rottgeri@strw.leidenuniv.nl; miley@strw.leidenuniv.nl OI De Breuck, Carlos/0000-0002-6637-3315 NR 111 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 123 IS 2 BP 637 EP 677 DI 10.1086/324632 PG 41 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527WK UT WOS:000174210800006 ER PT J AU Mohan, NR Cimatti, A Rottgering, HJA Andreani, P Severgnini, P Tilanus, RPJ Carilli, CL Stanford, SA AF Mohan, NR Cimatti, A Rottgering, HJA Andreani, P Severgnini, P Tilanus, RPJ Carilli, CL Stanford, SA TI Search for sub-mm, mm and radio continuum emission from extremely red objects SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : general; galaxies : high-redshift; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies; submillimeter ID LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STAR-FORMATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; DUST; ELLIPTICALS; POPULATION; TELESCOPE; CLUSTERS; DENSITY AB We present the results of sub-mm, mm (850 mum, 450 mum and 1250 mum) and radio (1.4 and 4.8 GHz) continuum observations of a sample of 27 K-selected Extremely Red Objects, or EROs, (14 of which form a complete sample with K < 20 and I - K > 5) aimed at detecting dusty starbursts, deriving the fraction of UltraLuminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIGs) in ERO samples, and constraining their redshifts using the radio-FIR correlation. One ERO was tentatively detected at 1250 mum and two were detected at 1.4 GHz, one of which has a less secure identification as an ERO counterpart. Limits on their redshifts and their star forming properties are derived and discussed. We stacked the observations of the undetected objects at 850 mum, 1250 mum and 4.8 GHz in order to search for possible statistical emission from the ERO population as a whole, but no significant detections were derived either for the whole sample or as a function of the average NIR colours. These results strongly suggest that the dominant population of EROs with K < 20 is not comprised of ULIGs like HR 10, but is probably made of radio-quiet ellipticals and weaker starburst galaxies with L < 10(12) L . and SFR < few hundred M. yr(-1). C1 Raman Res Inst, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Joint Astron Program, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Osserv Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mohan, NR (reprint author), Raman Res Inst, CV Raman Ave, Bangalore 560080, Karnataka, India. RI M, Manjunath/N-4000-2014; OI M, Manjunath/0000-0001-8710-0730; Severgnini, Paola/0000-0001-5619-5896 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 383 IS 2 BP 440 EP 449 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20011742 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527KC UT WOS:000174184400007 ER PT J AU Ahrens, J Bai, X Barouch, G Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becka, T Becker, KH Bertrand, D Biron, A Booth, J Botner, O Bouchta, A Boyce, MM Carius, S Chen, A Chirkin, D Conrad, J Cooley, J Costa, CGS Cowen, DF Dalberg, E DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Edsjo, J Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaug, M Goldschmidt, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R Hellwig, M Heukenkamp, H Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Karle, A Kim, J Koci, B Kopke, L Kowalski, M Lamoureux, JI Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Loaiza, P Lowder, DM Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS Miller, TC Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Mock, PC Morse, R Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H de los Heros, CP Porrata, R Price, PB Rawlins, K Reed, C Rhode, W Richter, S Martino, JR Romenesko, R Ross, D Sander, HG Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Starinsky, N Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Streicher, O Sudhoff, P Taboada, I Thollander, L Thon, T Tilav, S Donckt, MV Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Wu, W Yodh, G Young, S AF Ahrens, J Bai, X Barouch, G Barwick, SW Bay, RC Becka, T Becker, KH Bertrand, D Biron, A Booth, J Botner, O Bouchta, A Boyce, MM Carius, S Chen, A Chirkin, D Conrad, J Cooley, J Costa, CGS Cowen, DF Dalberg, E DeYoung, T Desiati, P Dewulf, JP Doksus, P Edsjo, J Ekstrom, P Feser, T Gaug, M Goldschmidt, A Hallgren, A Halzen, F Hanson, K Hardtke, R Hellwig, M Heukenkamp, H Hill, GC Hulth, PO Hundertmark, S Jacobsen, J Karle, A Kim, J Koci, B Kopke, L Kowalski, M Lamoureux, JI Leich, H Leuthold, M Lindahl, P Liubarsky, I Loaiza, P Lowder, DM Madsen, J Marciniewski, P Matis, HS Miller, TC Minaeva, Y Miocinovic, P Mock, PC Morse, R Neunhoffer, T Niessen, P Nygren, DR Ogelman, H de los Heros, CP Porrata, R Price, PB Rawlins, K Reed, C Rhode, W Richter, S Martino, JR Romenesko, R Ross, D Sander, HG Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schwarz, R Silvestri, A Solarz, M Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Starinsky, N Steele, D Steffen, P Stokstad, RG Streicher, O Sudhoff, P Taboada, I Thollander, L Thon, T Tilav, S Donckt, MV Walck, C Weinheimer, C Wiebusch, CH Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Wu, W Yodh, G Young, S TI Search for supernova neutrino bursts with the AMANDA detector SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AMANDA; supernova detection; neutrino; dark-noise rate ID GALAXY; 1987A; ICE AB The core collapse of a massive star in the Milky Way will produce a neutrino burst, intense enough to be detected by existing underground detectors. The AMANDA neutrino telescope located deep in the South Pole ice can detect MeV neutrinos by a collective rate increase in all photo-multipliers on top of dark noise. The main source of light comes from positrons produced in the CC reaction of anti-electron neutrinos on free protons, (v) over bar + p --> e' + n, This paper describes the first supernova search performed on the full sets of data taken during 1997 and 1998 (215 days of live time) with 302 of the detector's optical modules. No candidate events resulted from this search. The performance of the detector is calculated, yielding a 70% coverage of the galaxy with one background fake per year with 90% efficiency for the detector configuration under study. An upper limit at the 90% c.l. on the rate of stellar collapses in the Milky Way is derived, yielding 4.3 events per year. A trigger algorithm is presented and its performance estimated, Possible improvements of the detector hardware are reviewed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys 8, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Free Univ Brussels, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Uppsala, Dept Radiat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Kalmar Univ, Dept Technol, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Stockholm, Fysikum, S-11385 Stockholm, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bouchta, A (reprint author), DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; GAug, Markus/L-2340-2014; OI Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; GAug, Markus/0000-0001-8442-7877; Streicher, Ole/0000-0001-7751-1843 NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 345 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00154-2 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509JF UT WOS:000173144100001 ER PT J AU Blasi, P AF Blasi, P TI A semi-analytical approach to non-linear shock acceleration SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; high energy; origin; acceleration ID COSMIC-RAYS; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; OBLIQUE SHOCKS; ORIGIN; INJECTION; SN-1006 AB Shocks in astrophysical fluids can generate suprathermal particles by first order (or diffusive) Fermi acceleration. In the test particle regime there is a simple relation between the spectrum of the accelerated particles and the jump conditions at the shock. This simple picture becomes complicated when the pressure of the accelerated particles becomes comparable with the pressure of the shocked fluid, so that the non-linear backreaction of the particles becomes non-negligible and the spectrum is affected in a substantial way. Though only numerical simulations can provide a fully self-consistent approach, a more direct and easily applicable method would be very useful, and would allow to take into account the non-linear effects in particle acceleration in those cases in which they are important and still neglected. We present here a simple semi-analytical model that deals with these non-linear effects in a quantitative way. This new method, while compatible with the previous simplified results, also provides a satisfactory description of the results of numerical simulations of shock acceleration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Fermilab Theoret Astrophys Grp, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Blasi, P (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Theoret Astrophys Grp, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM blasi@fnal.gov RI Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015 OI Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X NR 29 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 EI 1873-2852 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1016/S0927-6505(01)00127-X PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 509JF UT WOS:000173144100008 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Behar, E Kahn, SM Gwinner, G Saghiri, AA Schmitt, M Grieser, M Repnow, R Schwalm, D Wolf, A Bartsch, T Muller, A Schippers, S Badnell, NR Chen, MH Gorczyca, TW AF Savin, DW Behar, E Kahn, SM Gwinner, G Saghiri, AA Schmitt, M Grieser, M Repnow, R Schwalm, D Wolf, A Bartsch, T Muller, A Schippers, S Badnell, NR Chen, MH Gorczyca, TW TI Dielectronic recombination (via N=2 -> N '=2 core excitations) and radiative recombination of Fe XX: Laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; methods : laboratory ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; VERY-LOW ENERGIES; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; PHOTOIONIZED GAS; ATOMIC DATA AB We have measured the resonance strengths and energies for dielectronic recombination (DR) of Fe XX forming Fe XIX via N = 2 --> N' = 2 (DeltaN = 0) core excitations. We have also calculated the DR resonance strengths and energies using the AUTOSTRUCTURE, Hebrew University Lawrence Livermore Atomic Code (HULLAC), Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF), and R-matrix methods, four different state-of-the-art theoretical techniques. On average the theoretical resonance strengths agree to within less than or similar to10% with experiment. The AUTOSTRUCTURE, MCDF, and R-matrix results are in better agreement with experiment than are the HULLAC results. However, in all cases the 1 sigma standard deviation for the ratios of the theoretical-to-experimental resonance strengths is greater than or similar to30%, which is significantly larger than the estimated relative experimental uncertainty of less than or similar to10%. This suggests that similar errors exist in the calculated level populations and line emission spectrum of the recombined ion. We confirm that theoretical methods based on inverse-photoionization calculations (e.g., undamped R-matrix methods) will severely overestimate the strength of the DR process unless they include the effects of radiation damping. We also find that the coupling between the DR and radiative recombination (RR) channels is small. Below 2 eV the theoretical resonance energies can be up to approximate to30% larger than experiment. This is larger than the estimated uncertainty in the experimental energy scale (less than or similar to0.5% below approximate to25 eV and less than or similar to0.2% for higher energies) and is attributed to uncertainties in the calculations. These discrepancies makes DR of Fe XX an excellent case for testing atomic structure calculations of ions with partially filled shells. Above 2 eV, agreement between the theoretical and measured energies improves dramatically with the AUTOSTRUCTURE and MCDF results falling within 2% of experiment, the R-matrix results within 3%, and HULLAC within 5%. Agreement for all four calculations improves as the resonance energy increases. We have used our experimental and theoretical results to produce Maxwellian-averaged rate coefficients for DeltaN = 0 DR of Fe XX. For k(B)T(e) greater than or similar to 1 eV, which includes the predicted formation temperatures for Fe XX in an optically thin, low-density photoionized plasma with cosmic abundances, the experimental and theoretical results agree to better than approximate to15%. This is within the total estimated experimental uncertainty limits of less than or similar to20%. Agreement below approximate to1 eV is difficult to quantify due to current theoretical and experimental limitations. Agreement with previously published LS-coupling rate coefficients is poor, particularly for k(B)T(e) less than or similar to80 eV. This is attributed to errors in the resonance energies of these calculations as well as the omission of DR via 2p(1/2) - 2p(3/2) core excitations. We have also used our R-matrix results, topped off using AUTOSTRUCTURE for RR into J greater than or equal to 25 levels, to calculate the rate coefficient for RR of Fe XX. Our RR results are in good agreement with previously published calculations. We find that for temperatures as low as k(B)T(e) approximate to10(-3) eV, DR still dominates over RR for this system. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Giessen, Strahlenzentrum, Inst Kernphys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Savin, DW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 58 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 138 IS 2 BP 337 EP 370 DI 10.1086/323388 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 523NC UT WOS:000173959700008 ER PT J AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Drayton, PJ Doskey, PV Kotamarthi, VR Cunningham, MM Baird, JC Dintaman, J Hart, HL AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Drayton, PJ Doskey, PV Kotamarthi, VR Cunningham, MM Baird, JC Dintaman, J Hart, HL TI Field observations of regional and urban impacts on NO2, ozone, UVB, and nitrate radical production rates in the Phoenix air basin SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE UVB; nitrate radical; PAN; ozone formation; biomass burning; smoke aerosols; transport; atmospheric chemistry; nightime chemistry ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AEROSOLS; SITE; CHEMISTRY; BI-210; PO-210; PB-210 AB In the May and June of 1998, field measurements were taken at a site near the Usery Pass Recreation Area. similar to27 miles from the downtown Phoenix area, overlooking Phoenix and Mesa, Arizona. This site was selected to examine the impacts of the Phoenix urban plume on the Usery Pass Recreation Area and surrounding regions. Data were obtained for ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation, nitrogen dioxide (NO2). peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ozone (O-3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Nocturnal plumes of NO2 (in tens of ppb), observed near midnight, were correlated with CO and anticorrelated with O-3. This behavior was consistent with the titration of locally generated NO by boundary layer O-3 to form the nighttime NO2 plumes that were subsequently transported into the Usery Pass Recreation area. Nitrate radical (NO3) production rates were calculated to be very high on the edges of these nocturnal plumes. Examination of O-3 and PAN data also indicates that Phoenix is being affected by long-range transport of pollutants from the Los Angeles to San Diego areas. A regional smoke episode was observed in May. accompanied by a decrease in UVB of factor of two and a decrease in O-3 and an increase in methyl chloride. Low level back trajectories and chemical evidence confirm that the smoke event originated in northern Mexico and that the reduced O-3 levels observed at Usery Pass could be partially due to reduced photolysis rates caused by carbonaceous soot aerosols transported in the smoke plume. The results are discussed with regard to potential effects of local pollution transport from the Phoenix air basin as well as an assessment of the contributions from long-range transport of pollutants to the background levels in the Phoenix-Usery Pass area. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203ER,9700 S Case Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 825 EP 833 AR PII S1352-2310(01)00528-3 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00528-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525HT UT WOS:000174064000006 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Lindberg, SE Barnett, MO Vette, AF Gustin, MS AF Zhang, H Lindberg, SE Barnett, MO Vette, AF Gustin, MS TI Dynamic flux chamber measurement of gaseous mercury emission fluxes over soils. Part 1: simulation of gaseous mercury emissions from soils using a two-resistance exchange interface model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air/soil exchange; biogeochemical cycling; boundary layer; global Hg chemodynamics; trace gases ID NATURALLY ENRICHED SURFACES; MEASURING GAS EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE; FIELD; AIR; DESIGN; FOREST; TESTS; VAPOR; RATES AB A two-resistance exchange interface model (TREIM) was developed to simulate gaseous mercury (Hg) emissions from soils measured by dynamic flux chamber (DFC) operations. The model is based on mass balance principles and a Hg air/soil exchange theory that considers the influence of flushing flow rate on Hg air/soil exchange. We used this model to examine the effect of the flushing flow rate and understand the optimum conditions for DFC measurements of Hg emission fluxes over soils. Our model simulations indicate that the flushing flow rate is a most critical operation condition. We recommend adoption of high flushing flow rates (e.g., similar to15-401 min(-1) for DFCs of common design) based on our simulation findings that underestimation of actual emission fluxes can occur at low flushing flow rates. The biased low fluxes are caused by suppression of emission potential resulting from internal accumulation of emitted Hg and by higher exchange resistance both at low flushing flow rates. This model provides a useful means for estimating maximum steady-state fluxes and soil air Hg concentrations and for adjustment of the fluxes measured under different operating conditions. The model also finds its value in understanding mechanical processes of Hg emissions from soils. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM hgzhang@umich.edu RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 835 EP 846 AR PII S1352-2310(01)00501-5 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00501-5 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525HT UT WOS:000174064000007 ER PT J AU Lindberg, SE Zhang, H Vette, AF Gustin, MS Barnett, MO Kuiken, T AF Lindberg, SE Zhang, H Vette, AF Gustin, MS Barnett, MO Kuiken, T TI Dynamic flux chamber measurement of gaseous mercury emission fluxes over soils: Part 2 - effect of flushing flow rate and verification of a two-resistance exchange interface simulation model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmosphere/surface exchange; biogeochemical cycling; terrestrial surface; trace gas ID ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; NITRIC-OXIDE; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; TROPICAL FOREST; NATURAL SOURCES; REMOTE AREAS; FIELD; ENCLOSURE; SURFACES; TESTS AB Both field and laboratory tests demonstrated that soil Hg emission fluxes measured by dynamic flux chamber (DFC) operations strongly depend on the flushing air flow rates used. The general trend is an increase in the fluxes with increasing flushing flow rates followed by an asymptotic approach to flux maximum at sufficiently high (optimum) flushing flow rates. This study indicates that the DFC measurements performed at low flushing flow rates can underestimate Hg emission fluxes over soils, especially Hg-enriched soils. High flushing flow rates therefore are recommended for accurate estimation of soil Hg emission fluxes by DFC operations. The dependence of DFC-measured soil Hg emission fluxes on flushing flow rate is a physical phenomenon inherent in DFC operations, regardless of DFC design and soil physical characteristics. Laboratory tests using DFCs over different soils confirmed the predictions of a two-resistance exchange interface model and demonstrated the capability of this model in quantitatively simulating Hg emissions from soils measured by DFC operations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Vette, Alan/A-7330-2012; Kuiken, Todd/A-3784-2016 OI Vette, Alan/0000-0001-6749-1252; Kuiken, Todd/0000-0001-7851-6232 NR 42 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 BP 847 EP 859 AR PII S1352-2310(01)00502-7 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00502-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 525HT UT WOS:000174064000008 ER PT J AU Forde, CE Gonzales, AD Smessaert, JM Murphy, GA Shields, SJ Fitch, JP McCutchen-Maloney, SL AF Forde, CE Gonzales, AD Smessaert, JM Murphy, GA Shields, SJ Fitch, JP McCutchen-Maloney, SL TI A rapid method to capture and screen for transcription factors by SELDI mass spectrometry SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE transcription factor; regulatory protein; mass spectrometry; SELDI; proteomics; Lac repressor ID DNA-AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; LAC REPRESSOR; HUMAN GENOME; BINDING PROTEINS; SEQUENCE TAGS; PROTEOMICS; COMPLEXES; OPERATOR; MECHANISMS AB A novel method to screen for transcription factors binding to promoter DNA sequences has been developed using DNA chip surfaces and mass spectrometry. This technique was demonstrated with Escherichia coli lac repressor, LacI The consensus promoter binding sequence for LacI and a scrambled version of the same DNA sequence were prepared on two affinity chip surfaces. Total E. coli protein lysate was applied to the two surfaces. A 38.2 kDa protein, as detected by SELDI-MS, was captured on the chip surface containing the binding sequence for LacI but not on the surface containing the scrambled sequence. The protein was identified following one-step, small-scale affinity capture and peptide mapping. Subsequent database searches identified the 38.2 kDa protein as the lac repressor of E. coli. We discuss application of DNA chip affinity capture to characterize transcription factors and to screen for differences in cellular regulatory networks. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Natl Secur Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCutchen-Maloney, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 East Ave,L-448, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM smaloney@llnl.gov NR 45 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 290 IS 4 BP 1328 EP 1335 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6352 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 518XK UT WOS:000173693200028 PM 11812009 ER PT J AU Wilson, BW Faraone, A Sheen, D Swicord, M Park, W Morrissey, J Creim, J Anderson, LE AF Wilson, BW Faraone, A Sheen, D Swicord, M Park, W Morrissey, J Creim, J Anderson, LE TI Space efficient system for small animal, whole body microwave exposure at 1.6 GHz SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE microwave exposure system; animal RF exposure ID IRRADIATION; RATS AB A space efficient, whole body microwave exposure system for unrestrained laboratory animals utilizing a flared parallel plate waveguide is described. The system comprises an Iridium wireless signal source, signal generator, power supply and amplifier (400 W), a coax to waveguide transition, an open ended, flared parallel plate waveguide, and animal exposure area with a dipole field sensing antenna. Across the waveguide aperture the system provides uniform exposure (+/-3 dB incident RF power density) for small animals (rats, mice or hamsters) in up to 18 standard cages for housing groups of animals. Overall system dimensions are 3.6 m (d) x 2.4 m (w) x 1.6 m (h). Operating at 1.62 GHz, the system provided average power density of 3.7 W/m(2) in the cage area, resulting in a calculated whole body dose of 0.07 W/kg and a calculated average brain dose of 0.19 W/kg. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Motorola Labs, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. RP Wilson, BW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Div, MS K8-23 EESB 2622,3230 Q Ave,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1002/bem.105 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 519AH UT WOS:000173700900005 PM 11835259 ER PT J AU Cox, JD Curry, MS Skirboll, SK Gourley, PL Sasaki, DY AF Cox, JD Curry, MS Skirboll, SK Gourley, PL Sasaki, DY TI Surface passivation of a microfluidic device to glial cell adhesion: a comparison of hydrophobic and hydrophilic SAM coatings SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cell adhesion; self-assembled monolayer; astrocyte; glioblastoma; microfluidic structure ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ALBUMIN; BIOMATERIALS; ADSORPTION; POLYMERS; PROTEINS; GOLD AB Cell adhesion in a microfluidic structure can lead to catastrophic flow problems due to the comparable size of the cell with the microfabricated device, Such issues are important in the growing research area involving the merging of biological materials and MEMS devices. We have examined the surface compatibility of uncoated and coated microfabricated glass and semiconductor surfaces under static Solution (cell culture) and flow experiments (microfluidic device) using glial (astrocyte and glioblastoma) cells. Bare semiconductor and glass Surfaces were most attractive to cell adhesion, promoting biofouling under both static and flow conditions. Passivation of the surfaces was performed with silane coupling agents octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS)or N-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-O-polyethylene oxide urethane (TESP) on SiO2 surfaces via self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposition. The hydrophilic TESP coating was effective at inhibiting biofouling of the microfluidic structure, allowing greater than several minutes of fluid flow. The hydrophobic OTMS coating, on the other hand, promoted cell adhesion leading to restricted flow within a few minutes. Interestingly, under cell Culture conditions the TESP surface exhibited biocompatible properties for glial cell adhesion and proliferation. in contrast to the OTMS surface which resisted cell growth. These studies suggest that cell adhesion is dependent upon the time domain of the cell-surface interaction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Sasaki, DY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 929 EP 935 DI 10.1016/S0142-9612(01)00205-8 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 500RF UT WOS:000172640000037 PM 11771713 ER PT J AU Glenister, FK Coppel, RL Cowman, AF Mohandas, N Cooke, BM AF Glenister, FK Coppel, RL Cowman, AF Mohandas, N Cooke, BM TI Contribution of parasite proteins to altered mechanical properties of malaria-infected red blood cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DEFORMABILITY; SKELETON; CYTOADHERENCE; SPECTRIN; PFEMP3; ASSOCIATION; CULTIVATION AB Red blood cells (RBCs) parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum are rigid and poorly deformable and show abnormal circulatory behavior. During parasite development, knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) and P falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 3(PfEMP3) are exported from the parasite and interact with the RBC membrane skeleton. Using micropipette aspiration, the membrane shear elastic modulus of RBCs infected with transgenic parasites (with kahrp or pfemp3 genes deleted) was measured to determine the contribution of these proteins to the increased rigidity of parasitized RBCs (PRBCs). In the absence of either protein, the level of membrane rigidification was significantly less than that caused by the normal parental parasite clone. KAHRP had a significantly greater effect on rigidification than PfEMP3, contributing approximately 51% of the overall Increase that occurs In PRBCs compared to 15% for PfEMP3. This study provides the first quantitative information on the contribution of specific parasite proteins to altered mechanical properties of PRBCs. (C) 2002 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Royal Melbourne Hosp, Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cooke, BM (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, POB 53, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RI Coppel, Ross/A-6626-2008; Cowman, Alan/C-7642-2013 OI Coppel, Ross/0000-0002-4476-9124; Cowman, Alan/0000-0001-5145-9004 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 32094-10] NR 32 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1060 EP 1063 DI 10.1182/blood.V99.3.1060 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 515ZQ UT WOS:000173527000046 PM 11807013 ER PT J AU Doran, JC Zhong, S AF Doran, JC Zhong, S TI Comments on "Atmospheric disturbance caused by human modification of the landscape" SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2002)083<0279:COAECB>2.3.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 526TT UT WOS:000174146300020 ER PT J AU Abatzoglou, N Gagnon, M Chornet, E AF Abatzoglou, N Gagnon, M Chornet, E TI Cold and hot gas filtration using a novel mobile granular bed with an inner fluidized section SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE mobile bed; moving granular bed filter; fluidization; hot gas filtration ID SPOUTED BEDS; VELOCITY AB Two experimental studies were conducted with a novel moving granular bed filter (NMGBF). The first one was performed on a cold and dry mock-up module operated at room temperature and was aimed at a) proving the concept, b) establishing the operating patterns and flow profiles and c) optimizing the operating conditions. The gas flowrate and the geometry of the filter were the main variables studied. The second study was conducted on a prototype hot filter PDU (Process Development Unit) under real time operating conditions. The filter was one of the modules of a hot-gas-conditioning-train in a fluidized bed gasifier. Results showed similar particles collection efficiency for hot- and cold-dry filtration. The filter showed an efficiency of 99.9% over 55 h filtration time for particles larger than 1 mum, while for submicronic particles the efficiency is between 84% and 96% (weight basis). This paper presents and discusses the apparatus, the experimental methods and conditions as well as characteristic results on the two prototypes used. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Chem Engn, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. Enerkem Technol Inc, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 3X4, Canada. NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Abatzoglou, N (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Chem Engn, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 558GF UT WOS:000175957400002 ER PT J AU Krivovichev, SV Finch, RJ Burns, PC AF Krivovichev, SV Finch, RJ Burns, PC TI Crystal chemistry of uranyl molybdates. V. Topologically distinct uranyl dimolybdate sheets in the structures of Na-2[(UO2)(MoO4)(2)] and K-2[(UO2)(3)O(MO4)(2)](H2O) SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE uranyl molybdate; crystal structure; uranium crystal chemistry ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; FUEL AB Two alkali uranyl dimolybdates, Na-2[(UO2)(MoO4)(2)] and K-2[(UO2)(MoO4)(2)](H2O), have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reactions and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The structures of both compounds were solved by direct methods and refined on the basis of F-2 for all unique data collected with monochromatic MoKalpha X-radiation and a CCD (charge-coupled device) detector. The structure of Na-2[(UO2)(MoO4)(2)] was refined to an agreement factor (RI) of 3.1%, calculated from 2089 unique reflections (\F-o\ greater than or equal to 4sigma(F)); it is orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a 7.2298(5), b 11.3240(8), c 12.0134(8) Angstrom, V 983.5(I) Angstrom(3), Z = 4. The structure of K-2[(UO2)(MoO4)(2)](H2O) was refined to an RI of 3.7%, calculated from 2181 unique reflections (F-o greater than or equal to 4sigma(F)); it is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a 7.893(2), b 10.907(2), c 11558(3) Angstrom, beta 98.70(3)degrees, V 1153.8(4) Angstrom(3), Z = 4. Both structures are based upon sheets of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids and molybdate tetrahedra. The structural sheets in the two compounds are isochemical but topologically distinct. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Geol, Dept Crystallog, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Burns, PC (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Geol, Dept Crystallog, Univ Emb 7-9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013; Krivovichev, Sergey/I-6618-2012; Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013 OI Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574; Krivovichev, Sergey/0000-0001-8352-1394; NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.40.1.193 PN 1 PG 8 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 535XW UT WOS:000174672500014 ER PT J AU DeNardo, GL Siantar, CLH DeNardo, SJ AF DeNardo, GL Siantar, CLH DeNardo, SJ TI Radiation dosimetry for radionuclide therapy in a nonmyeloablative strategy SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY JUN, 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Nucl Med DE radionuclide; dosimetry; therapy; radiotherapy; cancer ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; ANTIGEN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BONE-MARROW DOSIMETRY; I-131 LYM-1 ANTIBODY; B-CELL MALIGNANCIES; FRACTIONATED RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; OVARIAN-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; RADIOLABELED ANTIBODIES; INTERNAL DOSIMETRY AB Radionuclide therapy extends the usefulness of radiation from localized disease to multifocal disease by combining radionuclides with disease-seeking drugs, such as antibodies or custom-designed synthetic agents. Like conventional radiotherapy, the effectiveness of targeted radionuclides is ultimately limited by the amount of undesired radiation given to a critical, dose-limiting normal tissue, most often the bone marrow. Because radionuclide therapy relies on biological delivery of radiation, its optimization and characterization are necessarily different than for conventional radiation therapy. However, the principals of radiobiology and of absorbed radiation dose remain important for predicting radiation effects. Fortunately, most radionuclides emit gamma rays that allow the measurement of isotope concentrations in both tumor and normal tissues in the body. By administering a small "test dose" of the intended therapeutic drug, the clinician can predict the radiation dose distribution in the patient. This can serve as a basis to predict therapy effectiveness, optimize drug selection, and select the appropriate drug dose, in order to provide the safest, most effective treatment for each patient. Although treatment planning for individual patients based upon tracer radiation dosimetry is an attractive concept and opportunity, practical considerations may dictate simpler solutions under some circumstances. There is agreement that radiation dosimetry (radiation absorbed dose distribution, cGy) should be utilized to establish the safety of a specific radionuclide drug during drug development, but it is less generally accepted that absorbed radiation dose should be used to determine the dose of radionuclide (radioactivity, GBq) to be administered to a speck patient (i.e., radiation dose-based therapy). However, radiation dosimetry can always be utilized as a tool for developing drugs, assessing clinical results, and establishing the safety of a specific radionuclide drug. Bone marrow dosimetry continues to be a "work in progress." Blood-derived and/or body-derived marrow dosimetry may be acceptable under specific conditions but clearly do not account for marrow and skeletal targeting of radionuclide. Marrow dosimetry can be expected to improve significantly but no method for marrow dosimetry seems likely to account for decreased bone marrow reserve. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA USA. RP DeNardo, GL (reprint author), Mol Canc Inst, 1508 Alhambra Blvd,Room 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA47829] NR 59 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1089/10849780252824127 PG 12 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 528FG UT WOS:000174233300012 PM 11915167 ER PT J AU Qiao, YW Spitz, MR Shen, HB Guo, ZZ Shete, S Hedayati, M Grossman, L Mohrenweiser, H Wei, QY AF Qiao, YW Spitz, MR Shen, HB Guo, ZZ Shete, S Hedayati, M Grossman, L Mohrenweiser, H Wei, QY TI Modulation of repair of ultraviolet damage in the host-cell reactivation assay by polymorphic XPC and XPD/ERCC2 genotypes SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTOSUM GROUP-C; DNA-REPAIR; CANCER RISK; GENE XRCC1; CARCINOMA; DISEQUILIBRIUM; HUMANS; HEAD; NECK AB DNA repair capacity (DRC) plays an important role in genetic susceptibility to cancer. Polymorphisms of a number of DNA repair genes involved in several distinct pathways have been identified. However, their effects on repair function have not been well characterized. We demonstrated previously that DRC for removal of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-induced DNA damage measured by a host-cell reactivation assay was modulated by two XPD/ERCC2 polymorphisms in lung cancer. In this report, we investigated the association between the repair phenotype of ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage and genotypes of three DNA repair genes, XPC and XPD [involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER)] and XRCC1 [involved in base excision repair (BER)]. We measured DRC for removal of UV photoproducts by the host-cell reactivation assay in cryopreserved lymphocytes from 102 healthy non-Hispanic white subjects. We also typed these subjects for five polymorphisms in these three DNA repair genes (at intron 9 of XPC; exons 6, 10 and 23 of XPD and exon 10 of XRCC1). Compared with wild-type homozygotes, subjects homozygous for polymorphisms of the two NER genes consistently had suboptimal DRC. The DRC was consistently lower in subjects homozygous for XPC, XPD or both than in subjects with other genotypes, although the difference was not statistically significant for XPD variants. In contrast, the polymorphic allele of the BER gene, XRCC1, had no consistent effect on DRC. We concluded that these NER polymorphisms may modulate DRC and may be useful biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of developing cancer. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wei, QY (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 70334, CA 16672, CA 55769, CA 74851, CA 86390]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES11740]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 22846] NR 29 TC 206 Z9 230 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD FEB PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1093/carcin/23.2.295 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 528AT UT WOS:000174221700010 PM 11872635 ER PT J AU Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR Russell, JH Nelson, FJ Laylor, HM Soltesz, SM AF Cramer, SD Covino, BS Bullard, SJ Holcomb, GR Russell, JH Nelson, FJ Laylor, HM Soltesz, SM TI Corrosion prevention and remediation strategies for reinforced concrete coastal bridges SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE reinforced concrete; cathodic protection; anodes; electrochemical aging; microsilica concrete; reinforcing bar; chloride; zinc titanium; zinc-hydrogel; stainless steel; forensic analysis; bridge failures ID CATHODIC PROTECTION AB Oregon's coastal highway includes over 120 bridges, most of which are reinforced concrete bridges. Twelve are historic structures. Over 40, 000 m(2) of bridge surface has been repaired and is protected from further corrosion damage using thermal-sprayed zinc anodes in impressed current and galvanic cathodic protection (CP) systems. In addition, thermal-sprayed titanium, thermal-sprayed Al-12Zn-0.2In, and zinc-hydrogel anodes are being evaluated in demonstration projects on coastal bridges. Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are estimated to have a service life exceeding 25 yr but exhibit increasing anode polarization with electrochemical age. Humectants such as lithium nitrate and lithium bromide can reduce anode polarization and extend anode service life, Catalyzed thermal-sprayed titanium anodes develop no significant anode polarization and exhibit stable long-term performance. Zinc-hydrogel galvanic anodes produce a stable protection current with no evidence of aging effects. One of the more powerful and economical tools available for assessing: potential corrosion problems in a structure and for characterizing the corrosivity of bridge microclimates is chloride profiling. Current Oregon DOT specifications call for the use of stainless steel reinforcing bar in deck, beams, and precast prestressed girders. and of microsilica concrete in all future coastal bridge construction, Stainless steel bar adds a 10% premium to total project cost compared to black iron bar but is expected to reduce cumulative costs by 50% over the 120+ yr bridge life. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Oregon Dept Transportat, Salem, OR 97310 USA. RI Holcomb, Gordon/G-9070-2013 OI Holcomb, Gordon/0000-0003-3542-5319 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 AR PII S0958-9465(01)00031-2 DI 10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00031-2 PG 17 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 539AH UT WOS:000174846900013 ER PT J AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M TI Global warming SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 98 IS 2 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 522XJ UT WOS:000173922000002 ER PT J AU Song, J Cheng, Q Stevens, RC AF Song, J Cheng, Q Stevens, RC TI Morphological manipulation of bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylene assemblies by controlled lipid doping SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylene; lipid doping; helical ribbons ID TO-VESICLE TRANSITION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; HELICAL RIBBONS; MEMBRANES; GANGLIOSIDE; ORGANIZATION; SEPARATION; MONOLAYERS; MECHANISM; TUBULES AB Morphological transformations of bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylene (L-Glu-Bis-3) lipid assemblies from helical ribbons to vesicles and flat sheets through controlled doping are described, and the role of specific lipid dopants in these processes is discussed. Upon doping with cell surface receptor G(M1) ganglioside, fluid vesicular structures start to emerge, coexisting with the micro-crystalline helical ribbons. The vesicle formation is further facilitated and stabilized by the introduction of cholesterol into the system, presumably through surface curvature variation induced by inhomogeneous distribution and dynamic clustering of G(M1) and cholesterol within the doped assemblies. Extended helical ribbons are 'truncated' into patches of flat sheets when a sufficient amount of Bis-1, a structurally compatible symmetric bolaamphiphilic diacetylene lipid, is doped. The results reaffirm the important roles of packing geometry and headgroup chirality in the formation of extended helical ribbon structures. The doped assemblies of bolaamphiphiles allow for capture of intermediate structures of morphological transformation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A vesicle-to-ribbon transformation mechanism via lateral reorganization within relatively fluid vesicular microstructures has been suggested. Understanding of the doping-induced transformation process provides useful information for the design of advanced materials where the microscopic morphology of material is crucial to its function. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Res Inst, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cheng, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Cheng, Jason/C-6345-2011; Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015 OI Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD FEB PY 2002 VL 114 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 AR PII S0009-3084(01)00007-5 DI 10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00007-5 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 552PX UT WOS:000175629700010 PM 11934401 ER PT J AU Tong, W Xia, GG Tian, ZR Liu, J Cai, J Suib, SL Hanson, JC AF Tong, W Xia, GG Tian, ZR Liu, J Cai, J Suib, SL Hanson, JC TI Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of sodium manganese oxo-phosphate Na2Mn2O(PO4)(2)center dot H2O SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR-SIEVES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COBALT PHOSPHATE; CRYPTOMELANE; CHAINS; OXIDE AB Sodium manganese oxo-phosphate Na2Mn2O(PO4)(2).H2O (MPOS-3) has been prepared in single-crystal and polycrystalline forms by hydrothermal methods. The crystal structure was determined from a 15 x 15 x 80 mum crystal with synchrotron radiation. In the structure, zigzag edge-sharing MnO6 octahedral chains are connected by PO4 tetrahedra to form two-dimensional planes. A second PO43- group sticks out of the planes by sharing three apexes with three MnO6 octahedra of a zigzag chain. The fourth apex of this PO43- groups interacts strongly with sodium ions that are located between the two-dimensional planes. The sodium ions are exchangeable. Ion exchanging half of the Na+ with Ca2+ expands the surface area from 17 to 45 m(2)/g. MPOS-3 loses water at about 220 degreesC. The dehydrated form is stable up to 550 degreesC, above which O-2 is liberated. The FTIR spectrum shows two distinct -OH stretching vibration bands, one at 3627 cm(-1) and another at 3437 cm(-1). MPOS-3 also demonstrates catalytic activity in oxidation of 2-propanol by air to produce acetone. Carbon dioxide is the only byproduct. Preliminary results show 27% conversion of 2-propanol at 450 degreesC with 65% selectivity toward acetone. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suib, SL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, U-3060, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Tian, Z. Ryan /R-6671-2016 OI Tian, Z. Ryan /0000-0002-5644-8483 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 615 EP 620 DI 10.1021/cm010540a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524EC UT WOS:000173998500024 ER PT J AU Sandi, G Winans, RE Seifert, S Carrado, KA AF Sandi, G Winans, RE Seifert, S Carrado, KA TI In situ SAXS studies of the structural changes of sepiolite clay and sepiolite-carbon composites with temperature SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM AB In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies have been conducted to monitor the structural changes of sepiolite clay upon heating. The samples were heated first under nitrogen to establish the temperature at which pure sepiolite folds. Then, propylene was incorporated into the sepiolite channels and carbonized in situ. SAXS results indicate that the incorporation of carbon raises the structural stability of sepiolite in that the folding temperature increases from 465 degreesC to near 550 degreesC. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandi, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.1021/cm010627w PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524EC UT WOS:000173998500041 ER PT J AU Lugmair, CG Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD AF Lugmair, CG Fujdala, KL Tilley, TD TI New tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complexes of aluminum and their transformation to homogeneous aluminosilicate materials via low-temperature thermolytic pathways SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR PRECURSOR ROUTE; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; TRIALKOXYSILOXY COMPLEXES; SIO2-AL2O3 XEROGELS; SILICA MATERIALS; MULLITE; CRYSTALLIZATION; CATALYSTS; ALUMINOSILOXANES; ORTHOSILICATE AB The new tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complexes of aluminum, Al[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3)(THF) (1), Al[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3)((HOPr)-Pr-i)(.)0.5[Al((OPr)-Pr-i)(3)](4) (2), and [((PrO)-Pr-i)(2)AlOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](2) (3), were synthesized. Compounds 2 and 3 were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Thermolysis of a toluene-d(8) solution containing 1 and 0.5 equiv of [Al((OPr)-Pr-i)(3)](4) resulted in the formation of 3 and free THF (by H-1 NMR spectroscopy). The low-temperature decompositions of 1, 2, and 3 allowed for their use as single-source precursors to high surface area aluminosilicate xerogels via solution (toluene) thermolyses. The DSC traces of the xerogels derived from the 1:1 Al/Si precursors (2 and 3) exhibited sharp exothermic transitions at approximate to1000 degreesC, attributed to the crystallization of mullite, with that for the xerogel from 3 having a larger associated heat flow. The DSC trace of the xerogel derived from 1 exhibited a weak exothermic transition at a slightly higher temperature. Although these xerogels have similar Al-27 MAS NMR spectra, their microstructures appear to be quite different, as indicated by the substantially more efficient transformation to mullite (by PXRD) of the xerogel from 2. All of the xerogels are homogeneous; however, the microstructure of the xerogel from 2 appears to more closely resemble that of mullite, given the enhanced formation of mullite (by PXRD) and the reduced free energy difference associated with mullite formation (by DSC). Acidity measurements characterized the Lewis/Bronsted site ratios as 1.2, 1.6, and 1.0 for the xerogels from 1, 2, and 3, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 69 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 888 EP 898 DI 10.1021/cm010846h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 524EC UT WOS:000173998500062 ER PT J AU Xu, RQ Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, XQ Li, K Yang, LM Zhu, LY Gan, CY Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Xiao, SD Ma, WC Kormicki, J Jones, EF Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV AF Xu, RQ Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhang, XQ Li, K Yang, LM Zhu, LY Gan, CY Zhang, Z Jiang, Z Xiao, SD Ma, WC Kormicki, J Jones, EF Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV TI Observation of rotational bands in neutron-rich Mo-106 nucleus SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPES; FISSION AB The rotational bands up to a spin of 16h in the neutron-rich Mo-106 nucleus have been investigated by measuring high-fold prompt gamma-ray coincidence events following spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with a Gammasphere detector array. The ground-state band, the one-phonon and two-phonon gamma-vibrational bands, as well as a quasi-particle band have been confirmed and expanded. The other four collective rotational bands, three proposed as two-quasi-particle bands and one proposed as a beta-vibrational band, have been newly observed, The characteristics of these collective bands and the possible configurations; for the quasi-particle bands are discussed. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Xu, RQ (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Jiang, Zhuo/E-3110-2010 NR 17 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 521HK UT WOS:000173834400012 ER PT J AU Chipera, SJ Bish, DL AF Chipera, SJ Bish, DL TI Thermal evolution of fluorine from smectite and kaolinite SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE brick; firing; fluorine; kaolinite; smectite; TGA; thermogravimetric analysis; X-ray diffraction ID CLAY-MINERALS; ELECTRODE AB The fluoride ion is crystal chemically very similar to the hydroxyl ion, substituting for hydroxyl in many minerals in which hydrogen bonding is not important. Fluoride substitutions are particularly common in 2:1 layer silicates, such as micas, illites and smectites. The brick and tile industries, which use naturally occurring clays as their primary raw materials, have devoted considerable effort to understanding fluorine evolution during firing of the raw materials due to increasingly stringent fluorine emission regulations. In order to understand fluorine evolution from ceramic raw materials, we have a number of phyllosilicate materials used in making bricks. X-ray powder diffraction and fluorine analyses were combined with heating experiments and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the chemical and structural changes taking place on heating. Fluorine remained in 2:1 layer silicates to higher temperatures than did hydroxyl, but it behaved identically to hydroxyl in the kaolinite studied. In all cases, fluorine evolution coincided with structural breakdown of the clay host. These results show that fluorine evolution will consistently occur during tiring of clay raw materials, and the problems of fluorine emission cannot be readily solved by simple variations of firing temperatures or times. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chipera, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Mail Stop D469, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1346/000986002761002658 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 526LV UT WOS:000174132700007 ER PT J AU Bettinotti, MP Olsen, A Stroncek, D AF Bettinotti, MP Olsen, A Stroncek, D TI The use of bioinformatics to identify the genomic structure of the gene that encodes neutrophil antigen NB1, CD177 SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophil-specific antigen NB1; human neutrophil antigen-2a (HNA-2a); CD177; polycythemia rubra vera-1 (PRV-1) ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; UPAR AB The gene encoding neutrophil alloantigen NB1, CD177, is highly homologous to a gene overexpressed in polycythemia vera neutrophils, polycythemia rubra vera-1 (PRV-1). The cDNAs of both genes have been cloned, but their genomic structure is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the intron-exon organization of NB1 and PRV-1 and discern if they are separate members of a homologous gene family or alleles of the same gene. GenBank's human genome sequences were probed in silico with PRV-1's 1605-nucleotide coding sequence. Searches identified two adjacent bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) on chromosome 19q13.2: BC338531 and BC52850. BC338531 contained sequences 100% homologous to the first 654 nucleotides of PRV-1. Comparison of coding and genomic sequences allowed us to separate this region into exons 1 through 5, interrupted by five introns. BC52850 contained sequences 95% homologous to nucleotides 413 through 1605 of PRV-1, organized into exons 4 through 9. However, the orientation of PRV-1-homologous in the first BAC was plus-plus and of the second was plus-minus, indicating they could not be portions of the same gene. The GenBank sequence of BC338531 was incomplete, creating a sequence gap in chromosome 19q13.2. Evaluation of BC338531's unfinished sequences in Joint Genome Institute public databases allowed us to complete the gap and revealed that BC338531 contained sequences 98% homologous to all nine PRV-1 exons followed by a second gene consisting of exons 9 through 4. Most likely, NB1 and PRV-1 are alleles of the same gene, CD177, and the duplication of exons 4 through 9 is a pseudo gene. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Bettinotti, MP (reprint author), Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 102 IS 2 BP 138 EP 144 DI 10.1006/clim.2001.5154 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 527PB UT WOS:000174193500004 PM 11846455 ER PT J AU Cardiff, RD AF Cardiff, RD TI Contributions of mouse biology to breast cancer research SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAMMARY-GLAND; TRANSGENIC MICE; PATHOLOGY; TUMORS; MODEL; TUMORIGENESIS; METASTASIS; ETS2 C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Lawrence Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Cardiff, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 12 EP 31 PG 20 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 527PH UT WOS:000174194200002 PM 11900409 ER PT J AU Zahorsky-Reeves, JL Wilkinson, JE AF Zahorsky-Reeves, JL Wilkinson, JE TI A transgenic mouse strain with antigen-specific T cells (RAG1KO/sf/OVA) demonstrates that the scurfy (sf) mutation causes a defect in T-cell tolerization SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIORGAN TISSUE DESTRUCTION; LYMPHORETICULAR DISEASE; MICE; INDUCTION; CTLA-4; LYMPHOPROLIFERATION; TOLERANCE; DEFICIENT; MUTANT AB The scurfy (sf) murine mutation causes severe lymphoproliferation, which results in death of hemizygous males (sf/Y) by 22 to 26 days of age. The CD4(+) T cells are crucial mediators of this disease. Recent publications have not only identified this mutation as the genetic equivalent of the human disease X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy, and endocrinopathy syndrome, but also have indicated that the defective protein-scurfin-is a new forkhead/winged-helix protein with a frameshift mutation, resulting in a product without the functional forkhead. These results have lead to speculation that the scurfy gene acts by disrupting the T-cell tolerance mechanism, resulting in hyperresponsiveness and lack of down-regulation. The Rag1KO/sf/Y OVA strain, with virtually 100% of its CD4(+) T cells reactive strictly to ovalbumin (OVA) peptide 323-339, is an excellent model for determination of the sf mutation's ability to disrupt tolerance. We hypothesized that Rag1KO/sf/OVA mice would not be tolerant to antigen at a dose that tolerizes control animals. We found that splenic cells from Rag1KO/sf/Y OVA mice injected with the same dose of OVA peptide that induces tolerance in cells from control mice proliferate in vitro in response to OVA peptide. These results are consistent with a defect in the pathway responsible for peripheral T-cell tolerization. C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zahorsky-Reeves, JL (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd MS66, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 527PH UT WOS:000174194200008 PM 11900414 ER PT J AU Bylaska, EJ Valiev, M Kawai, R Weare, JH AF Bylaska, EJ Valiev, M Kawai, R Weare, JH TI Parallel implementation of the projector augmented plane wave method for charged systems SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; AB-INITIO; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ABINITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; CU-N(-) CLUSTERS AB A parallel implementation of the projector augmented plane wave (PAW) method with the applications to several transition metal complexes is presented. A unique aspect of our PAW code is that it can treat both charged and neutral cluster systems. We discuss how this is achieved via accurate numerical treatment of the Coulomb Green's function with free space boundary conditions. The strategy for parallelizing the PAW code is based on distributing the plane wave basis across processors. This is a versatile approach and is implemented using a parallel three-dimensional Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). We report parallel performance analysis of our program and of the three-dimensional FFT's and discuss large-scale parallelization issues of the PAW code. Using a series of transition metal monoxides and dioxides, as well as two iron aqueous complexes, it is shown that a free space PAW code can give structural parameters and energies in good accord with Gaussian based methods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Bylaska, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 11 EP 28 AR PII S0010-4655(01)00413-1 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00413-1 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 522HX UT WOS:000173891400002 ER PT J AU Alexeev, Y Kendall, RA Gordon, MS AF Alexeev, Y Kendall, RA Gordon, MS TI The distributed data SCF SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum chemistry; cluster computing; self consistent field; distributed data interface; nonuniform memory access; dynamic load balancing ID PERFORMANCE COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; INTERFACE AB This paper describes a distributed data parallel SCF algorithm. The distinguishing features of this algorithm are: (a) columns of density and Fock matrices are distributed evenly among processors, (b) pair-wise dynamic load balancing is developed to achieve excellent load balance, (c) network communication time is minimized via careful analysis of data flow in the SCF algorithm. The developed performance models and benchmarking results illustrate good performance of the distributed data SCF algorithm. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gordon, MS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 143 IS 1 BP 69 EP 82 AR PII S0010-4655(01)00439-8 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00439-8 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 522HX UT WOS:000173891400006 ER PT J AU Kansa, EJ AF Kansa, EJ TI Local, point-wise rotational transformations of the conservation equations into stream-wise coordinates SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation equations; flows skewed to coordinate axes; stream-wise coordinates; point-wise rotational transformations; partial diagonalization of conservation equations ID EULER EQUATIONS AB In dealing with multidimensional simulations, many authors have shown that a major cause of numerical dispersion errors is due to the flow being skewed to the coordinate axes. Crane and Blunt [1] have shown that the stream-wise transformations can reduce the numerical errors associated with the multidimensional transport equations. However, it has been proven that no transformation can completely diagonalize the multidimension conservation equations. It shall be demonstrated that a subset of the multidimensional Euler equations can be diagonalized, but not the entire set. The formulation of the conservation equations into the local stream-wise coordinate system is extended to the time-dependent, two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) conservation equations. At any point in space, there exists a set of local rotations that aligns the fluid velocity vector coincident with the stream-wise coordinate; hence, the fluid velocity components orthogonal to the stream-wise coordinate are identically zero. Such transformations result in a subset of PDEs that are diagonalized, namely, the mass, total energy, and principal momentum density PDEs. However, the orthogonal momentum component conservation PDEs are not diagonalized and are multidimensional; these PDEs are responsible for streamline bending. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kansa, EJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3-5 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0898-1221(01)00301-7 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 518NY UT WOS:000173675800017 ER PT J AU Phelps, TJ Palumbo, AV Beliaev, AS AF Phelps, TJ Palumbo, AV Beliaev, AS TI Metabolomics and microarrays for improved understanding of phenotypic characteristics controlled by both genomics and environmental constraints SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID 2-DIMENSIONAL NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; BIDIRECTIONAL REACTION STEPS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CONTINUOUS CULTURES; FLUX ANALYSIS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; NETWORKS; HYBRIDIZATION; YEAST AB Advances in our understanding of functional genomics are best addressed by integrative studies that include measurements of mRNA, proteins, and low molecular weight metabolites over time and varied conditions. Bioinformatics can then be used to relate this data to the genome. Current technology allows for comprehensive and rapid mRNA expression profiling and mass spectrophotometric measurement of low molecular weight intermediates and metabolic products. In prokaryotic organisms, this combination provides a potentially powerful tool for identifying gene function and regulatory networks even in the absence of a combined proteomic approach. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632 NR 53 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00279-3 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 519VG UT WOS:000173745700003 PM 11849953 ER PT J AU Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA Reid, GE Wells, JM Bundy, JL AF Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA Reid, GE Wells, JM Bundy, JL TI Ion/ion chemistry as a top-down approach for protein analysis SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; TRAP COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; GAS-PHASE; UBIQUITIN CONFORMERS; CHARGED ANIONS; SPECTRAL DATA; PEPTIDES AB Developing methodology for analyzing complex protein mixtures in a rapid fashion is one of the most challenging problems facing analytical biochemists today. Recent advances in mass spectrometry for the analysis of intact proteins (i.e. the top-down approach) show great promise for rapid protein identification. The ion/ion chemistry approach for the detection and identification of target proteins in complex matrices, determination of fragmentation channels as a function of precursor ion charge state, and post-translational modification characterization are discussed with particular emphasis on tandem mass spectrometry of intact proteins. C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, Brown Labs 1393, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stephenson, JL (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Bundy, Jonathan/A-8647-2009; Stephenson, James/A-9262-2009; McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009; OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570; Reid, Gavin/0000-0002-9675-1444 NR 53 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00285-9 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 519VG UT WOS:000173745700009 PM 11849959 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TL Detter, JC Richardson, PM AF Hawkins, TL Detter, JC Richardson, PM TI Whole genome amplification - applications and advances SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DNA-POLYMERASE; SINGLE-CELL; FIDELITY; PRIMER; PCR AB The concept of whole genome amplification is something that has arisen in the past few years as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been adapted to replicate regions of genomes that are of biological interest. The applications are many - forensic science, embryonic disease diagnosis, bioterrorism genome detection, 'immortalization' of clinical samples, microbial diversity, and genotyping. Several recent papers suggest that whole genomes can be replicated without bias or non-random distribution of the target, these findings open up a new avenue to molecular biology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hawkins, TL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 13 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 10 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0958-1669(02)00286-0 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 519VG UT WOS:000173745700010 PM 11849960 ER PT J AU Rodi, DJ Makowski, L Kay, BK AF Rodi, DJ Makowski, L Kay, BK TI One from column A and two from column B: the benefits of phage display in molecular-recognition studies SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PEPTIDES; BINDING; PROTEIN; LIBRARY; DOMAINS AB Recent uses of phage-displayed combinatorial peptide and cDNA libraries have proven invaluable in mapping protein-protein interactions, protein-drug interactions, and the generation of 'molecular therapeutics'. This article reviews some of the findings of the past year and points out some of the pros and cons of phage display as compared with those of yeast two-hybrid screening. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Combinatorial Biol Unit, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rodi, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Combinatorial Biol Unit, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S1367-5931(01)00287-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 517VX UT WOS:000173632100015 PM 11827830 ER PT J AU Gilbert, M Albala, JS AF Gilbert, M Albala, JS TI Accelerating code to function: sizing up the protein production line SO CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT EXPRESSION; GENOME SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL PROTEOMICS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMAGE CONSORTIUM; PICHIA-PASTORIS; CDNA LIBRARY; PURIFICATION; PROSPECTS AB High-throughput biology has been pioneered by genomics through the application of robotics to expedite DNA-sequencing projects. Advances in high-throughput protein methods are needed to drive the protein production line for high-throughput structural and functional analysis of newly discovered genes. This will require the development and application of a variety of recombinant-protein expression systems to produce the diversity of proteins from both humans and model organisms. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM albala1@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-5931 EI 1879-0402 J9 CURR OPIN CHEM BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S1367-5931(01)00291-5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 517VX UT WOS:000173632100017 PM 11827832 ER PT J AU Noheda, B AF Noheda, B TI Structure and high-piezoelectricity in lead oxide solid solutions SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE piezoelectricity; phase diagram; morphotrophic phase boundary; PZT ID MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MONOCLINIC PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COMPLEX PEROVSKITES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POLARIZATION ROTATION; ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; SOLUTION SYSTEMS; TRANSITION AB A review of the recent advances in the understanding of piezoelectricity in lead oxide solid solutions is presented, giving special attention to the structural aspects. It has now become clear that the very high electromechanical response in these materials is directly related to the existence of low symmetry monoclinic phases. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM noheda@bnl.gov NR 70 TC 299 Z9 303 U1 14 U2 130 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S1359-0286(02)00015-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 590DG UT WOS:000177802200005 ER PT J AU Hopfner, KP Putnam, CD Tainer, JA AF Hopfner, KP Putnam, CD Tainer, JA TI DNA double-strand break repair from head to tail SO CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MEIOTIC RECOMBINATION; TELOMERE MAINTENANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN COMPLEX; DAMAGE RESPONSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SBCCD PROTEIN; 2 PATHWAYS; MRE11 AB DNA double-strand break repair is a complex process that requires multiple enzymatic and structural activities to rejoin or repair the broken DNA ends using one of several repair pathways. These enzymatic and structural activities include end detection, end processing and alignment of DNA ends. Recent structural and functional studies of the DNA double-strand break repair factors Mre11/Rad50, Ku70/80 and Xrcc4 show how these enzymes combine and assemble both enzymatic and structural activities in DNA double-strand break repair. C1 Univ Munich, Gene Ctr, Munich, Germany. Ludwig Inst Canc Res, San Diego, CA USA. Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hopfner, KP (reprint author), Univ Munich, Gene Ctr, Marchioninistr 15, Munich, Germany. RI Hopfner, Karl-Peter/B-6864-2014 OI Hopfner, Karl-Peter/0000-0002-4528-8357 NR 67 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0959-440X J9 CURR OPIN STRUC BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 115 EP 122 AR UNSP 0959-440X/02/$ DI 10.1016/S0959-440X(02)00297-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 522FJ UT WOS:000173884800016 PM 11839498 ER PT J AU Graves, SW Nolan, JP Jett, JH Martin, JC Sklar, LA AF Graves, SW Nolan, JP Jett, JH Martin, JC Sklar, LA TI Nozzle design parameters and their effects on rapid sample delivery in flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; rapid mix; kinetics; high throughput; sheath control ID KINETIC MEASUREMENTS; INJECTION CYTOMETRY; REAGENT ADDITION; TIME; MIXER AB Background: Rapid kinetic and high throughput flow cytometry are emerging as valuable tools in biotechnology research applications ranging from mechanistic analysis of molecular assemblies to high throughput screening. Many of these new applications have been made possible by improved sample delivery capabilities, focusing increased attention on fluidic issues associated with rapid sample delivery. Methods: Using basic fluidic premises, we derived a model that predicted the effect of nozzle parameters during rapid sample delivery. We tested the model using the rapid mix flow cytometer and modifications were made to the equipment to optimize performance. Results: The model predicted that shorter nozzles with wide exit orifices decrease the delay before initial particle analysis and the fluidic stabilization time. Experimental results confirmed thus prediction and model-based modifications allowed analysis of particles within 55 ms or 600 ms after mixing, with or without electronic gating, respectively. Conclusions: The model along with modifications to commercial equipment will allow rapid mix flow cytometry to analyze reactions in time frames threefold shorter than previously possible. The model allows for nozzle design predictions that should allow for analysis in the millisecond time frame. Furthermore, these findings are general for all rapid delivery applications, including high throughput flow cytometry. Cytometry 47:127-137, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cytometry, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Graves, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 DI 10.1002/cyto.10056 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 519AE UT WOS:000173700600007 PM 11813203 ER PT J AU Gerasimov, MR Schiffer, WK Marstellar, D Ferrieri, R Alexoff, D Dewey, SL AF Gerasimov, MR Schiffer, WK Marstellar, D Ferrieri, R Alexoff, D Dewey, SL TI Toluene inhalation produces regionally specific changes in extracellular dopamine SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE toluene; dopamine; microdialysis; nucleus accumbens; prefrontal cortex ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; SYNERGISTIC ELEVATIONS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FRONTAL-CORTEX; PLUS-MAZE; RAT; EXPOSURE AB The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of toluene inhalation on dopaminergic transmission in two distinct brain areas presumably involved in mediating the reward processes important for toluene abuse. Extracellular dopamine (DA) levels were measured in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NACC) of freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis. Inhalation of a behaviorally relevant concentration of toluene (3000 ppm) produced a significant increase in the PFC but not in the NACC. However, the odorant isoamyl acetate, increased PFC DA levels by only 37%, significantly less than the 96% increase observed following toluene exposure. When toluene inhalation seas combined with cocaine administration (20 mg/kg i.p.), the response to the combined challenge was not different from the response to toluene alone in the PFC. However, the combination of these two drugs produced a supradditive response of 802% in the NACC, compared with the 450% increase observed following cocaine alone. Recent reports indicate that toluene influences the function of several ionotropic receptors in a subunit specific manner. As further evidence of specific effects, our results indicate regionally specific changes in dopaminergic transmission following toluene exposure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gerasimov, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 BP 243 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00166-1 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 521DK UT WOS:000173823400006 PM 11841896 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD O'Neill, RV Riitters, KH Smith, ER Wade, TG Jones, KB AF Wickham, JD O'Neill, RV Riitters, KH Smith, ER Wade, TG Jones, KB TI Geographic targeting of increases in nutrient export due to future urbanization SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE export of N and P, vulnerability; geographic modeling; GIS, land-cover change; land cover; mid-Atlantic states (USA); modeling, empirical and risk based; nitrogen; phosphorus; regional-seale analysis; risk assessment; urbanization ID WATER-QUALITY; LAND-COVER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; MULTIPLE; SCALES; RIVER; MODEL; BAY AB Urbanization replaces the extant natural resource base (e.g., forests, wetlands) with an infrastructure that is capable of supporting humans. One ecological consequence of urbanization is higher concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in streams, lakes, and estuaries. When received in excess, N and P are considered pollutants. Continuing urbanization will change the relative distribution of extant natural resources. Characteristics of the landscape can shape its response to disturbances such as urbanization. Changes in landscape characteristics across a region create a geographic pattern of vulnerability to increased N and P as a result of urbanization. We linked nutrient-export risk and urbanization models in order to identify areas most vulnerable to increases in nutrient-export risk due to projected urbanization. A risk-based model of N and P export exceeding specified thresholds was developed based on the extant distribution of forest, agriculture, and urban land cover. An empirical model of urbanization was used to increase urban land cover at the expense of forest and agriculture. The modeled (future) land cover was input into the N and P export risk model, and the "before" and "after" estimates of N and P export were compared to identify the areas most vulnerable to change. Increase in N and P export had to be equal to or greater than the accumulated uncertainties in the nutrient-export risk and urbanization models for an area to be considered vulnerable. The areas most vulnerable to increased N and P export were not spatially coincident with the areas of greatest urbanization. Vulnerability also depended on the geographic distribution of forest and agriculture. In general, the areas most vulnerable to increased N exports were where the modeled urbanization rate was at least 20% and the amount of forest was about 6 times greater than the amount of agriculture. For P, the most vulnerable areas were where the modeled urbanization rate was at least 20% and the amount of forest was about 2 times greater than the amount of agriculture. Vulnerability to increased N and P export was the result of two interacting spatial patterns, urbanization and the extant distribution of land cover. It could not be predicted from either alone. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 20 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.2307/3061139 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 516JF UT WOS:000173549600009 ER PT J AU Sutradhar, A Paulino, GH Gray, LJ AF Sutradhar, A Paulino, GH Gray, LJ TI Transient heat conduction in homogeneous and non-homogeneous materials by the Laplace transform Galerkin boundary element method SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Green's functions; transient heat conduction; functionally graded materials; Laplace transform boundary element method; Galerkin approximation ID NUMERICAL INVERSION; DIFFUSION-PROBLEMS; FORMULATION; FLOW; BEM AB The Green's function for three-dimensional transient heat conduction (diffusion equation) for functionally graded materials (FGMs) is derived. The thermal conductivity and heat capacitance both vary exponentially in one coordinate. In the process of solving this diffusion problem numerically, a Laplace transform (LT) approach is used to eliminate the dependence on time. The fundamental solution in Laplace space is derived and the boundary integral equation formulation for the Laplace Transform boundary element method (LTBEM) is obtained. The numerical implementation is performed using a Galerkin approximation, and the time-dependence is restored by numerical inversion of the LT. Two numerical inversion techniques have been investigated: a Fourier series method and Stehfest's algorithm, the latter being preferred. A number of test problems have been examined, and the results are in excellent agreement with available analytical solutions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab 2209, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paulino, GH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab 2209, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Paulino, Glaucio/A-2426-2008; OI Sutradhar, Alok/0000-0001-8166-9950 NR 55 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0955-7997(01)00090-X PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 518NG UT WOS:000173674300002 ER PT J AU Barton, CD Karathanasis, AD Chalfant, G AF Barton, CD Karathanasis, AD Chalfant, G TI Influence of acidic atmospheric deposition on soil solution composition in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid deposition; aluminum; solubility control; soil solution chemistry; sulfate ID STREAMWATER CHEMISTRY; ALUMINUM; MODEL; ACIDIFICATION; SULFATE; WATERS; SYSTEM AB Acid atmospheric deposition may enter an environmental ecosystem in a variety of farms and pathways, but the most common components include sulfuric and nitric acids formed when rain water interacts with sulfur (SO,) and nitrogen (NO,) emissions. For many soils and watersheds sensitive to acid deposition, the predominant chronic effect appears to be a low pH, loss of base cations, and a shift in the mineral phase controlling the activity of Al3+ and/or SO42- in solution. Soil solutions from lysimeters at various depths were taken at two sites in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky, USA, to evaluate potential impacts caused by acid deposition. The sites chosen were in close proximity to coal-burning power plants near Wolfe and McCreary counties and contained soils from the Rayne and Wernock series, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics of the soils revealed that both sites contained appreciable amounts of exchangeable acidity in the surface horizons, and that their base saturation levels were sufficiently low to be impacted adversely by acidic inputs. Soil solution data indicated that the sites were periodically subjected to relatively high NO3- and SO42- inputs, which may have influenced spatial and temporal variation in Al and pH. As a consequence, the formation of Al-hydroxy-sulfate minerals such as jurbanite, alunite and basaluminite were thermodynamically favored over gibbsite. Given these conditions, longterm changes in soil solution chemistry from acid deposition are acknowledged. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Daniel Boone Natl Forest, Winchester, KY USA. RP Barton, CD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 41 IS 6 BP 672 EP 682 DI 10.1007/s00254-001-0450-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 530LY UT WOS:000174360200007 ER PT J AU Arbuckle, TE Hrudey, SE Krasner, SW Nuckols, JR Richardson, SD Singer, P Mendola, P Dodds, L Weisel, C Ashley, DL Froese, KL Pegram, RA Schultz, IR Reif, J Bachand, AM Benoit, FM Lynberg, M Poole, C Waller, K AF Arbuckle, TE Hrudey, SE Krasner, SW Nuckols, JR Richardson, SD Singer, P Mendola, P Dodds, L Weisel, C Ashley, DL Froese, KL Pegram, RA Schultz, IR Reif, J Bachand, AM Benoit, FM Lynberg, M Poole, C Waller, K TI Assessing exposure in epidemiologic studies to disinfection by-products in drinking water: Report from an international workshop SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE disinfection by-products; epidemiologic methods; exposure assessment; haloacetic acids; trihalomethanes ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HALOACETIC ACIDS; BLADDER-CANCER; TREATED WATER; HUMAN BLOOD; CHLORINATION; TRIHALOMETHANES; BROMODICHLOROMETHANE; ASSOCIATION AB The inability to accurately assess exposure has been one of the major shortcomings of epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. A number of contributing factors include a) limited information on the identity, occurrence, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of the many DBPs that can be formed from chlorine, chloramine, ozone, and chlorine dioxide disinfection; b) the complex chemical interrelationships between DBPs and other parameters within a municipal water distribution system; and c) difficulties obtaining accurate and reliable information on personal activity and water consumption patterns. In May 2000, an international workshop was held to bring together various disciplines to develop better approaches for measuring DBP exposure for epidemiologic studies. The workshop reached consensus about the clear need to involve relevant disciplines (e.g., chemists, engineers, toxicologists, biostatisticians and epidemiologists) as partners in developing epidemiologic studies of DBPs in drinking water. The workshop concluded that greater collaboration of epidemiologists with water utilities and regulators should be encouraged in order to make regulatory monitoring data more useful for epidemiologic studies. Similarly, exposure classification categories in epidemiologic studies should be chosen to make results useful for regulatory or policy decision making. C1 Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Metropolitan Water Dist So Calif, La Verne, CA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Obstet, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Gynecol & Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Hlth Canada, Environm Hlth Sci Bur, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Sequoia Fdn, Frederick, MD USA. RP Arbuckle, TE (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Bur Reprod & Child Hlth, AL 0701D, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. OI Mendola, Pauline/0000-0001-5330-2844 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 33 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 110 SU 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538BV UT WOS:000174794900006 PM 11834463 ER PT J AU Huff, DD Hargrove, WW Graham, R Nikolov, N Tharp, ML AF Huff, DD Hargrove, WW Graham, R Nikolov, N Tharp, ML TI A GIS/simulation framework for assessing change in water yield over large spatial scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water-yield change; forest management; GIS; simulation; Monte Carlo analysis ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA; ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS; VEGETATION; BIOMASS; OREGON AB Recent legislation to initiate vegetation management in the Central Sierra hydrologic region of California includes a focus on corresponding changes in water yield. This served as the impetus for developing a combined geographic information system (GIS) and simulation assessment framework. Using the existing vegetation density condition, together with proposed rules for thinning to reduce fire risk, a set of simulation model inputs were generated for examining the impact of the thinning scenario on water yield. The approach allows results to be expressed as the mean and standard deviation of change in water yield for each 1-km(2) map cell that is thinned, Values for groups of cells are aggregated for typical watershed units using area-weighted averaging, Wet, dry, and average precipitation years were simulated over a large region. Where snow plays an important role in hydrologic processes, the simulated change in water yield was less than 0.5% of expected annual runoff for a typical watershed, Such small changes would be undetectable in the field using conventional stream flow analysis, These results suggest that use of water yield increases to help justify forest-thinning activities or offset their cost will be difficult. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Computat Phys & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Graham, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 164 EP 181 DI 10.1007/s00267-0003-5 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 519ZQ UT WOS:000173755700003 PM 11815821 ER PT J AU Chin, CJ Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Chin, CJ Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C TI Influence of metal ion sorption on colloidal surface forces measured by atomic force microscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; HYDROPHOBIC FORCES; WATER; AFM; ADSORPTION; SILICA; TIO2 AB Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to directly measure colloidal surface forces between a silica particle and a smooth glass plate in an aqueous solution with or without the presence of copper ions. Without the presence of copper ions, results show that the force between these two surfaces is repulsive and that its magnitude decreases with increasing ionic strength and decreasing pH. The surface forces are calculated based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory for constant surface charge and are then compared with AFM force measurements. A good agreement between theory and experimental data is reported except at very small separation distances (<3 nm) between the silica particle and the glass plate. This behavior may be attributed to non-DLVO forces, such as the hydration effect that results from the bounded water molecules on the surface of the silica particle, or to surface roughness. When copper ions are present in acidic aqueous solutions, the magnitude of the force is found to be the same as that without the presence of copper ions, which indicates that no sorption of copper ions by the silica particle occurs under these conditions. Near neutral pH, sorption of copper ions causes charge reversal for the silica particle from negative to positive. Therefore, the force between the silica particle and the glass plate changes from repulsive to attractive. The transient zeta-potential of the silica particle during sorption of copper ions is determined by representing the experimental data with the DLVO theory. In alkaline solutions, where removal of copper ions is known to occur mainly by bulk precipitation, the measured force is similar to that without the presence of copper ions, which suggests that sorption does not occur under such conditions. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Separat & Mat Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 3 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1021/es010905s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517TW UT WOS:000173626900024 PM 11871547 ER PT J AU Schmidt, HJ Schnack, J Luban, M AF Schmidt, HJ Schnack, J Luban, M TI Reply to the Comment by O. Waldmann on "Bounding and approximating parabolas for the spectrum of Heisenberg spin systems" SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLASSICAL LIMIT C1 Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt, HJ (reprint author), Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 57 IS 4 BP 620 EP 621 DI 10.1209/epl/i2002-00507-2 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522FN UT WOS:000173885400024 ER PT J AU Panisko, EA Conrads, TP Goshe, MB Veenstra, TD AF Panisko, EA Conrads, TP Goshe, MB Veenstra, TD TI The postgenomic age: Characterization of proteomes SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE INFORMATION; DNA MICROARRAY; ACID-ANALYSIS; CELL-LINES; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Global analysis of biological systems is becoming increasingly feasible as technologies that facilitate genome-wide analyses of gene expression are developed. Proteomics is the global analysis of expressed proteins (including posttranslational modifications) and seeks to establish the relationship between genome sequence, expressed proteins, protein-protein interactions, and cell and tissue phenotype. While the relative abundance of transcripts can be quantified using gene expression microarrays, the identification and quantitation of expressed proteins is more challenging. Nevertheless, the potential payoff for global protein analyses is immense because identification of distinctive protein signatures associated with cell function may provide novel therapeutic targets, molecular markers of disease, and increased understanding of determinants of cell phenotype. The challenges and promises of applications of established and emerging proteome strategies to detect and quantify differentially expressed proteins in culture cells are discussed. (C) 2002 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Science, Inc. C1 NCI, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Veenstra, TD (reprint author), NCI, SAIC Frederick, POB B,Bldg 469,Rm 160, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 74 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 97 EP 107 AR PII S0301-472X(01)00771-8 DI 10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00771-8 PG 11 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 526KJ UT WOS:000174129400001 PM 11823044 ER PT J AU Newby, DT Pepper, IL AF Newby, DT Pepper, IL TI Dispersal of plasmid pJP4 in unsaturated and saturated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contaminated soil SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene transfer; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; plasmid dispersal; pJP4; bacterial transport; bioaugmentation ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; GENE-TRANSFER; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; TRANSCONJUGANTS; TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL; DNA AB Little is known regarding plasmid fate within contaminated soils. Column studies were used to evaluate dissemination of plasmid pJP4 under unsaturated or saturated flow conditions in a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) contaminated soil. Columns were destructively sampled following 1 week of percolation to assess the vertical distribution of donors. transconjugants. and 2,4-D concentrations within the soil. In unsaturated soil, pJP4 was detected in both culturable donor and transconjugant cells within soil 10.5 cm from the inoculated end of the column. In saturated soil. no transconjugants were detected; however, donors were found throughout the entire length of the column (30.5 cm). These results suggest that donor transport. particularly in conjunction with plasmid transfer to indigenous recipients, allows for significant dispersal of introduced genes through contaminated soil. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Newby, DT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 157 EP 164 AR PII S0168-6496(01)00213-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-6496(01)00213-6 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 534QX UT WOS:000174599200008 PM 19709195 ER PT J AU Kitamura, A Hasegawa, E Yoshizawa, M AF Kitamura, A Hasegawa, E Yoshizawa, M TI Asymptotic analysis of the formation of thin liquid film in spin coating SO FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spin coating; transients; thin films; rotation; disks; fluid flow; liquids; asymptotic solutions ID NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS; FLAT ROTATING-DISK; FLOW; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB Unsteady thin liquid film flow of non-uniform thickness on a rotating disk is analyzed by asymptotic methods. Short- and long-time-scale solutions for the transient film profile near the rotating axis are independently derived as a function of space and time. Analyses were performed for a case in which the initial film thickness is even in radial distance and the peripheral effects of the liquid film are assumed to be negligible., The result reveals the effects of the gravitational and surface tension forces, coupled with inertial force, on the film planarization and thinning process, (C) 2002 Published by The Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics and Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kitamura, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5983 J9 FLUID DYN RES JI Fluid Dyn. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 107 EP 125 AR PII S0169-5983(01)00041-7 DI 10.1016/S0169-5983(01)00041-7 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 522PJ UT WOS:000173905600003 ER PT J AU Bain, RL Overend, RP AF Bain, RL Overend, RP TI Biomass for heat and power SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bain, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Overend, Ralph/0000-0002-5442-0890 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 52 IS 2 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 523KW UT WOS:000173953800007 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI The 18-fold way SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE role of the observer AB At least 18 nontrivial correct choices must be made to arrive at a "right understanding" of the world according to quantum theory. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1023/A:1014461226566 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 538NN UT WOS:000174822200003 ER PT J AU Blue, M Bush, B Puckett, J AF Blue, M Bush, B Puckett, J TI Unified approach to fuzzy graph problems SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE combinatorial problems; fuzzy graphs ID SHORTEST-PATH PROBLEM; NUMBERS; NETWORK AB We present a taxonomy of fuzzy graphs that treats fuzziness in vertex existence, edge existence, edge connectivity, and edge weight. Within that framework, we formulate some standard graph-theoretic problems (shortest paths and minimum cut) for fuzzy graphs using a unified approach distinguished by its uniform application of guiding principles such as the construction of membership grades via the ranking of fuzzy numbers, the preservation of membership grade normalization, and the "collapsing" of fuzzy sets of graphs into fuzzy graphs. Finally, we provide algorithmic solutions to these problems, with examples. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, Technol & Safety Assessment Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bush, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, Technol & Safety Assessment Div, TSA-4,Mail Stop F604, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Bush, Brian/0000-0003-2864-7028 NR 27 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 125 IS 3 BP 355 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0165-0114(01)00011-2 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 511UP UT WOS:000173284200008 ER PT J AU Miltenberger, RJ Wakamatsu, K Ito, S Woychik, RP Russell, LB Michaud, EJ AF Miltenberger, RJ Wakamatsu, K Ito, S Woychik, RP Russell, LB Michaud, EJ TI Molecular and phenotypic analysis of 25 recessive, homozygous-viable alleles at the mouse agouti locus SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATING-HORMONE-RECEPTOR; UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN-VA; TRANSGENIC MICE; IN-VIVO; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTORS; SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONS; GENETIC DISSECTION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; REGION MUTATIONS; SIGNAL PROTEIN AB Agouti is a paracrine-acting, transient antagonist of melanocortin I receptors that specifies the subapical band of yellow on otherwise black hairs of the wild-type coat. To better understand both agouti structure/ function and the germline damage caused by chemicals and radiation, an allelic series of 25 recessive, homozygous-viable agouti mutations generated in specific-locus tests were characterized. Visual inspection of fur, augmented by quantifiable chemical analysis of hair melanins, suggested four phenotypic categories (mild, moderate, umbrous-like, severe) for the IS hypomorphs and a single category for the 7 amorphs (null). Molecular analysis indicated protein-coding alterations in 8 hypomorphs and 6 amorphs, with mild-moderate phenotypes correlating with signal peptide or basic domain mutations, and more devastating phenotypes resulting from C-terminal lesions. Ten hypomorphs and one null demonstrated wild-type coding potential, suggesting that they contain mutations elsewhere in the greater than or equal to125-kb agouti locus that either reduce the level or alter the temporal/spatial distribution of agouti transcripts. Beyond the notable contributions to the field of mouse germ cell mutagenesis, analysis of this allelic series illustrates that complete abrogation of agouti function in vivo occurs most often through protein-coding lesions, whereas partial loss of function occurs slightly more frequently at the level of gene expression control. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Fujita Hlth Univ, Dept Chem, Sch Hlth Sci, Toyoake, Aichi 4701192, Japan. RP Michaud, EJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Funct Genom Grp, POB 2008,Bldg 1061,MS 6445, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1-Y01-ES-50318-00] NR 76 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 160 IS 2 BP 659 EP 674 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 525WT UT WOS:000174097600028 PM 11861569 ER PT J AU Rademacher, LK Clark, JF Hudson, GB AF Rademacher, LK Clark, JF Hudson, GB TI Temporal changes in stable isotope composition of spring waters: Implications for recent changes in climate and atmospheric circulation SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE springs; stable isotopes; California; climate; groundwater; dating ID DATING YOUNG GROUNDWATER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; NORTH-AMERICA; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; O-18; TRACERS; NEVADA; GASES; PRECIPITATION AB Stable isotope values of shallow groundwater emerging from springs in a high-elevation basin in the central Sierra Nevada of California decrease with increasing geochemical groundwater ages. From water recharged in 1960 to water recharged in 1990, a 1.2%, and 11%, increase occurs in delta(18)O and deltaD, respectively. Historic temperature records from surrounding areas show a 1.3 degreesC increase in mean annual air temperature over the same time period. This temperature change alone is not great enough to explain the observed increase in delta(18)O. We suggest that changes in atmospheric circulation patterns, which have been documented in this region, account for the remaining increase in delta(18)O. The time scale of these climatic changes, recorded in both the historical and the hydrological records, is extremely short (decadal scale) and suggests that the delta(18)O of groundwater can be a useful tool for studying climatic and atmospheric circulation changes over very short time intervals. It also suggests that circulation changes must be considered along with temperature when interpreting paleoclimate data. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rademacher, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0139:TCISIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 521NF UT WOS:000173846400011 ER PT J AU Peterson, SR Davis, PA AF Peterson, SR Davis, PA TI Tritium doses from chronic atmospheric releases: A new approach proposed for regulatory compliance SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tritium; modeling, dose assessment; emissions, atmospheric; regulations ID IN-VITRO DETERMINATION; CHRONIC HT RELEASE; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; CHALK-RIVER; FALLOUT H-3; VEGETATION; OXIDATION; SOIL; JAPAN; AIR AB Regulatory models for atmospheric releases of tritium approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (CAP88, AIRDOS-PC, and COMPLY) calculate doses only from tritiated water (HTO) taken into the body. They do not deal with dose from emissions of tritiated hydrogen gas (HT) and conversion of HT to HTO in the environment, nor do they address the dose from ingesting tritium incorporated into organic compounds. A simple model (NEWTRIT) is proposed that accounts for all pathways to dose from atmospheric releases of HT and HTO. The model is formulated in terms of the tritium-to-hydrogen ratio in each environmental compartment. With each transfer, a small reduction in the ratio is introduced to reflect the dilution that occurs in nature. Conversion of HT to HTO in the environment is modeled using the latest experimental data. Concentrations of organically bound tritium are calculated in foodstuffs based on amounts of hydrogen in proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Concentrations in foodstuffs and doses calculated by NEWTRIT are consistent with the predictions of existing regulatory models. In addition, the HTO component of NEWTRIT is tested using public bioassay data and the HT component is tested using results from a model intercomparison study for a hypothetical HT release. Although tritium doses probably have not been underestimated by regulatory models that account only for HTO (due to the high degree of conservatism built into these models), the explicit treatment of HT and organically bound tritium proposed here will make the dose assessments more comprehensive, defensible, and scientifically acceptable. Because NEWTRIT includes all pathways to dose and predicts conservative doses, it is a suitable model to replace the tritium models currently used for compliance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Operat & Regulatory Affairs Div, Terr & Atmospher Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Environm Technol Branch, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Peterson, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Protect Dept, Operat & Regulatory Affairs Div, Terr & Atmospher Monitoring & Modeling Grp, POB 808,L-629, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM peterson49@llnl.gov NR 74 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 213 EP 225 DI 10.1097/00004032-200202000-00006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 513MQ UT WOS:000173382700006 PM 11797894 ER PT J AU Munyon, WJ Lee, MB AF Munyon, WJ Lee, MB TI Summary of stationary and personal air sampling measurements made during a plutonium glovebox decommissioning project SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE air sampling; aerosols; plutonium; decontamination AB Workplace air sampling was performed during the decommissioning of a previously active plutonium glovebox facility located at Argonne National Laboratory. Personal air samplers (PAS) were used to measure breathing zone activity concentrations of workers engaged in size-reducing contaminated gloveboxes. Stationary air samplers (SAS) were used to measure the work area activity concentrations and test their application in providing representative sampling of breathing zone activity concentrations. The relative response of these samplers (PAS:SAS) was tracked during the course of the decommissioning work, with results yielding favorable agreement to within a factor of +/-5. A cascade impactor was used to determine the particle size distribution of workplace aerosols. The average activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) was estimated to be 3.0 mum, with a corresponding geometric standard deviation of 2.4. A gas-flow proportional counter was utilized to measure the gross alpha activity collected on both the SAS glass fiber and the PAS cellulose fiber filters. A subset of this filter group was subsequently analyzed using an alpha spectrometer post radiochemical processing and isotopic separation. The quantity of alpha activity measured on the SAS filters was generally within +/-30% of the alpha spectrometry measurements. However, measurements made of the activity present on the PAS cellulose fiber filters were consistently underestimated using a gas-flow proportional counter, suggesting a small correction factor of 15-20% to account for the absorption of alpha particle emissions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESH1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Munyon, WJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wjmunyon@anl.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 244 EP 253 DI 10.1097/00004032-200202000-00010 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 513MQ UT WOS:000173382700010 PM 11797897 ER PT J AU Jannik, GT Fledderman, PD AF Jannik, GT Fledderman, PD TI Risk-based radioactive liquid effluent monitoring requirements at the US Department of Energy's Savannah River Site SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; effluents; emissions; atmospheric; monitoring; air AB For Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, clear regulatory guidance exists for structuring radiological air emissions monitoring programs. However, there are no parallel regulations for radiological liquid effluent monitoring programs. In order to bridge this gap and to technically justify liquid effluent monitoring decisions at DOE's Savannah River Site, a graded, risk-based approach has been established to determine the monitoring and sampling criteria to be applied at each liquid discharge point. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jannik, GT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM gerald.jannik@srs.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 SU S BP S27 EP S31 DI 10.1097/00004032-200202001-00008 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 514LQ UT WOS:000173441500006 PM 11797901 ER PT J AU Lehnert, BE Iyer, R AF Lehnert, BE Iyer, R TI Exposure to low-level chemicals and ionizing radiation: reactive oxygen species and cellular pathways SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell redox status; cell signaling; DNA damage; low-dose chemicals; low-dose ionizing radiation; reactive oxygen species; risk assessment ID ALPHA-PARTICLES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; RADON PROGENY; HUMAN-CELLS; GROWTH; PROLIFERATION; SUPEROXIDE; PHAGOCYTES AB Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to the energy landscapes in and around cells, play numerous roles in maintaining normal cell homeostasis as components of signaling pathways. Excessively high levels of ROS, on the other hand, can lead to pronounced DNA damage and a variety of cellular responses, including cell cycle arrests, senescence, apoptosis and possibly cancer. Far less is known, however, about how supra-basal levels of ROS that can be generated in response to low doses of ionizing radiation or chemicals in the environment may bring about untoward or perhaps even beneficial cellular responses. Even so, some evidence suggests that adaptive responses that have been associated with ROS-generating stimuli can have protective effects by fundamentally altering subsequent cellular dose-response profiles to otherwise detrimental stresses. Yet, even these seemingly favorable 'adaptive' effects may have longer-term untoward consequences. Other effects that have been associated with supra-basal levels of ROS, such as enhanced states of cell proliferation, potentially could have a protective function. But again, such increases in cell growth, which may be accompanied by greater than normal ROS-mediated damage to DNA, as well may ultimately favour the expansion of cells with heritable mutations. Unfortunately, the state of the art of our current understanding of how elevated but still low-level increases in ROS that may be induced by environmental stimuli presently precluded incorporation of supra-basal ROS-associated mechanisms in predictive risk assessment models, both at the population level and at the level of individualized risk assessment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lehnert, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1191/0960327102ht212oa PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 560UB UT WOS:000176098800004 PM 12102498 ER PT J AU Feinendegen, LE AF Feinendegen, LE TI Reactive oxygen species in cell responses to toxic agents SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; ROS; toxic agents ID IONIZING-RADIATION; BIOLOGIC RESPONSES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; DOSE RESPONSES; DETRIMENT; OXIDANTS AB This review first summarizes experimental data on biological effects of different concentrations of ROS in mammalian cells and on their potential role in modifying cell responses to toxic agents. It then attempts to link the role of steadily produced metabolic ROS at various concentrations in mammalian cells to that of environmentally derived ROS bursts from exposure to ionizing radiation. The ROS from both sources are known to both cause biological damage and change cellular signaling, depending on their concentration at a given time. At low concentrations signaling effects of ROS appear to protect cellular survival and dominate over damage, and the reverse occurs at high ROS concentrations. Background radiation generates suprabasal ROS bursts along charged particle tracks several times a year in each nanogram. of tissue, i.e., average mass of a mammalian cell. For instance, a burst of about 200 ROS occurs within less than a microsecond from low-LET irradiation such as X-rays along the track of a Compton electron (about 6 keV, ranging about 1 pm). One such track per nanogram tissue gives about 1 mGy to this mass. The number of instantaneous ROS per burst along the track of a 4-meV alpha-particle in 1 ng tissue reaches some 70000. The sizes, types and sites of these bursts, and the time intervals between them directly in and around cells appear essential for understanding low-dose and low dose-rate effects on top of effects from endogenous ROS. At background and low-dose radiation exposure, a major role of ROS bursts along particle tracks focuses on ROS-induced apoptosis of damage-carrying cells, and also on prevention and removal of DNA damage from endogenous sources by way of temporarily protective, i.e., adaptive, cellular responses. A conclusion is to consider low-dose radiation exposure as a provider of physiological mechanisms for tissue homoeostasis. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11073 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Hosp, D-40001 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11073 USA. NR 23 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 7 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0960-3271 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1191/0960327102ht216oa PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 560UB UT WOS:000176098800008 PM 12102502 ER PT J AU Frazier, M Johnson, G AF Frazier, M Johnson, G TI Genomes to life program funded for FY 2002 SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Biol & Environm Res Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. US DOE, Off Adv Sci Comp Res, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Frazier, M (reprint author), US DOE, Biol & Environm Res Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535JU UT WOS:000174642100002 ER PT J AU Cary, RB AF Cary, RB TI Microarrays aid understanding of anthrax SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article C1 LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cary, RB (reprint author), LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535JU UT WOS:000174642100004 ER PT J AU Brooks, A Thomassen, D AF Brooks, A Thomassen, D TI Understanding health risks from low doses of ionizing radiation SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ Tricities, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Brooks, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tricities, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 18 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535JU UT WOS:000174642100011 ER PT J AU Drell, D Houghton, J Palmisano, A AF Drell, D Houghton, J Palmisano, A TI Microbial genome program SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Drell, D (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535JU UT WOS:000174642100014 ER PT J AU Flint, AL Flint, LE Kwicklis, EM Fabryka-Martin, JT Bodvarsson, GS AF Flint, AL Flint, LE Kwicklis, EM Fabryka-Martin, JT Bodvarsson, GS TI Estimating recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA: comparison of methods SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE groundwater recharge; infiltration; unsaturated zone; arid regions; USA ID UNSATURATED ZONE; VEIN CALCITE; PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT; CHLORIDE; RECORD; MODEL; GASES AB Obtaining values of net infiltration, groundwater travel time, and recharge is necessary at the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada, USA, in order to evaluate the expected performance of a potential repository as a containment system for high-level radioactive waste. However, the geologic complexities of this site, its low precipitation and net infiltration, with numerous mechanisms operating simultaneously to move water through the system, provide many challenges for the estimation of the spatial distribution of recharge. A variety of methods appropriate for and environments has been applied, including water-balance techniques, calculations using Darcy's law in the unsaturated zone, a soil-physics method applied to neutron-hole water-content data, inverse modeling of thermal profiles in boreholes extending through the thick unsaturated zone, chloride mass balance, atmospheric radionuclides, and empirical approaches. These methods indicate that near-surface infiltration rates at Yucca Mountain are highly variable in time and space, with local (point) values ranging from zero to several hundred millimeters per year. Spatially distributed net-infiltration values average 5 mm/year, with the highest values approaching 20 nun/year near Yucca Crest. Site-scale recharge estimates range from less than I to about 12 mm/year. These results have been incorporated into a site-scale model that has been calibrated using these data sets that reflect infiltration processes acting on highly variable temporal and spatial scales. The modeling study predicts highly non-uniform recharge at the water table, distributed significantly differently from the non-uniform infiltration pattern at the surface. C1 US Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Flint, AL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Placer Hall,6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. NR 57 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 180 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10040-001-0169-1 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 534ZC UT WOS:000174618800012 ER PT J AU Descour, MR Karkkainen, AHO Rogers, JD Liang, C Weinstein, RS Rantala, JT Kilic, B Madenci, E Richards-Kortum, RR Anslyn, EV Dupuis, RD Schul, RJ Willison, CG Tigges, CP AF Descour, MR Karkkainen, AHO Rogers, JD Liang, C Weinstein, RS Rantala, JT Kilic, B Madenci, E Richards-Kortum, RR Anslyn, EV Dupuis, RD Schul, RJ Willison, CG Tigges, CP TI Toward the development of miniaturized Imaging systems for detection of pre-cancer SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE biomedical imaging; biomedical microscopy; hybrid sol-gel meterials; microassembly; microoptics; photolithography ID ILLUMINATION; RESOLUTION; LIMIT AB In this paper, we describe the progress toward the development of miniaturized imaging systems with applications in medical imaging, and specifically, detection of pre-cancer. The focus of the article is a miniature, optical-sectioning, fluorescence microscope. The miniature microscope is constructed from lithographically printed optics and assembled using a bulk micro-machined silicon microoptical table. Optical elements have been printed in a negative tone hybrid glass to a maximum depth of 59 mum and an rms surface roughness between 10-45 nm, fulfilling the requirements of the miniature microscope. Test optical elements have been assembled using silicon-spring equipped mounting slots. The design of silicon springs is presented in this paper. Optical elements can be assembled within the tolerances of an NA = 0.4 miniature microscope objective, confirming the concept of simple, zero-alignment assembly. C1 Univ Arizona, Aerosp & Mech Engn Dept, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Descour, MR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Aerosp & Mech Engn Dept, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Rogers, Jeremy/A-4572-2008; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca/P-4074-2014 OI Rogers, Jeremy/0000-0003-3049-2803; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca/0000-0003-2347-9467 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1109/3.980264 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 515ET UT WOS:000173483000003 ER PT J AU Hofmann, MR Gerhardt, N Wagner, AM Ellmers, C Hohnsdorf, F Koch, J Stolz, W Koch, SW Ruhle, WW Hader, J Moloney, JV O'Reilly, EP Borchert, B Egorov, AY Riechert, H Schneider, HC Chow, WW AF Hofmann, MR Gerhardt, N Wagner, AM Ellmers, C Hohnsdorf, F Koch, J Stolz, W Koch, SW Ruhle, WW Hader, J Moloney, JV O'Reilly, EP Borchert, B Egorov, AY Riechert, H Schneider, HC Chow, WW TI Emission dynamics and optical gain of 1.3-mu m (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dynamics; gain measurement; modeling; nitrogen compounds; optical fiber communication; optical spectroscopy; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor heterojunctions ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; 1.3 MU-M; QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MICROCAVITY LASERS; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; LOW-THRESHOLD; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; RANGE AB The ultrafast emission dynamics of a 1.3-mum (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is studied by femtosecond luminescence upconversion. We obtain a minimum peak delay of 15.5 ps and a minimum pulse width of 10.5 ps. Laser operation with picosecond emission dynamics is demonstrated over a temperature range from 30 to 388 K. The bandgap shift with temperature of (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs is determined to be about - 2.9 . 10(-4) eV/K, which is smaller than for GaAs. Our measurements of the optical gain provide gain spectra similar to those of commercial (GaIn)(PAs)/InP - structures at moderate densities but broaden considerably for elevated carrier densities due to the stronger carrier confinement. We compare our experimental results with gain spectra calculated from a microscopic model and confirm the predictive capability of the model. The theoretical gain spectra are used as the input for a calculation of the temperature dependence of the (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs surface-emitter emission which results in very good agreement with experiment. C1 Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Wissensch Zentrum Mat Wissensch, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Arizona, Ctr Math Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Infineon Technol, D-81730 Munich, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hofmann, MR (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RI O'Reilly, Eoin/A-5329-2009; Schneider, Hans Christian/B-9450-2009; Egorov, Anton/B-1267-2014; Riechert, Henning/G-4178-2016 OI O'Reilly, Eoin/0000-0001-5537-2985; Schneider, Hans Christian/0000-0001-7656-4919; Egorov, Anton/0000-0002-0789-4241; NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 213 EP 221 DI 10.1109/3.980275 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 515ET UT WOS:000173483000014 ER PT J AU Cardoso, G Zimmermann, S Andresen, J Appel, JA Chiodini, G Cihangir, S Christian, DC Hall, BK Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, RJ AF Cardoso, G Zimmermann, S Andresen, J Appel, JA Chiodini, G Cihangir, S Christian, DC Hall, BK Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, RJ TI Development of a high density pixel multichip module at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP IEEE Components, Packaging, Mfg Technol Soc, Electr Components, Assemblies & Mat Assoc DE bump bond; flex circuit; multichip module; pixel detector; pixel readout chip; pixel sensor AB At Fermilab, both pixel detector multichip module and sensor hybridization are being developed for the BTeV experiment. The module is composed of three layers. The lowest layer is formed by the readout integrated circuits (ICs). The backs of the ICs are in thermal contact with the supporting structure, while the tops are flip-chip bump bonded to a pixel sensor. A low mass flex-circuit interconnect is glued on the top of this assembly, and the readout IC pads are wire-bounded to the circuit. The BTeV pixel detector is based on a design relying on this hybrid approach. This method offers maximum flexibility in the development process, choice of fabrication technologies, and the choice of sensor material. This paper presents strategies to handle the required data rate and performance characteristics of the pixel module prototypes. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cardoso, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1521-3323 J9 IEEE T ADV PACKAGING JI IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 AR PII S 1521-3323(02)06348-7 DI 10.1109/TADVP.2002.1017683 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 573XW UT WOS:000176858600007 ER PT J AU Harvey, NR Theiler, J Brumby, SP Perkins, S Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ Porter, RB Galassi, M Young, AC AF Harvey, NR Theiler, J Brumby, SP Perkins, S Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ Porter, RB Galassi, M Young, AC TI Comparison of GENIE and conventional supervised classifiers for multispectral image feature extraction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE evolutionary algorithms; genetic programming; image processing; multispectral imagery; remote sensing; supervised classification ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION AB We have developed an automated feature detection/classification system, called GENetic Imagery Exploitation (GENIE), which has been designed to generate image processing pipelines for a variety of feature detection/classification tasks. GENIE is a hybrid evolutionary algorithm that addresses the general problem of finding features of interest in multispectral remotely-sensed images. We describe our system in detail together with experiments involving comparisons of GENIE with several conventional supervised classification techniques, for a number of classification tasks using multispectral remotely sensed imagery. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harvey, NR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 393 EP 404 AR PII S0196-2892(02)01565-6 DI 10.1109/36.992801 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 534XM UT WOS:000174615100016 ER PT J AU Tsai, F Philpot, WD AF Tsai, F Philpot, WD TI A derivative-aided hyperspectral image analysis system for land-cover classification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE computer-aided data analysis; hyperspectral image analysis; spectral derivative ID HIGH-SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FEATURE-EXTRACTION; SPECTROMETER DATA; SAMPLE-SIZE; AVIRIS DATA; LEAVES; VISUALIZATION AB The large number of spectral bands in hyperspectral data seriously complicates their use for classification. Selection of a useful subset of bands or derived features (spectral ratios, differences, derivatives) is always desirable, strongly affects the accuracy of the classification, and is often a practical necessity to keep the processing speed and memory requirements under control. This paper examines one possible procedure for selecting spectral derivatives to improve supervised classification of hyperspectral images. The procedure is designed to identify derivative features that are more effective at separating target classes and then add them to a base subset of features for classification. The goal is to create the smallest set of features that will result in the best classification result. A key issue in this process is the interplay of the number of features and the size of the training data sets since classification accuracy declines if the dimensionality of the feature space is too large relative to the number of training samples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tsai, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Philpot, William/0000-0002-5283-4774 NR 48 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 416 EP 425 AR PII S0196-2892(02)00967-1 DI 10.1109/36.992805 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 534XM UT WOS:000174615100018 ER PT J AU Dressendorfer, PV Hoffman, EJ AF Dressendorfer, PV Hoffman, EJ TI Creation of Nuclear Medical and Imaging Sciences section within the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Dressendorfer, PV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 AR PII S0018-9499(02)01839-7 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998672 PN 1 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CQ UT WOS:000175427300001 ER PT J AU Gruber, GJ Choong, WS Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Holland, SE Pedrali-Noy, M Krieger, B Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Wang, NW AF Gruber, GJ Choong, WS Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Holland, SE Pedrali-Noy, M Krieger, B Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Wang, NW TI A compact 64-pixel CsI(Tl)/Si PIN photodiode imaging module with IC readout SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gamma camera; photodiode; scientimammography ID BREAST-CANCER; ARRAYS AB We characterize the performance of a complete 64-pixel compact gamma camera imaging module consisting of optically isolated 3 X 3 x 5 mm(3) CsI(Tl) crystals coupled to a custom array of low-noise Si PIN photodiodes read out by a custom IC. At 50-V bias, the custom 64-pixel photodiode arrays demonstrate an average leakage current of 28 pA per 3 x 3 mm(2) pixel, a 98.5% yield of pixels with <100 pA leakage, and a quantum efficiency of about 80% for 540-nm CsI(Tl) scintillation photons. The custom 64-channel readout IC uses low-noise preamplifiers, shaper amplifiers, and a winner-take-all (WTA) multiplexer. The IC demonstrates maximum gain of 120 mV/1000 e(-), the ability to select the largest input signal in less than 150 ns, and low electronic noise at 8-mus peaking time ranging from 25 e(-) rms (unloaded) to an estimated 180 e(-) rms (photodiode load of 3 pF, 50 pA). At room temperature, a complete 64-pixel detector module employing a custom photodiode array and readout IC demonstrates an average energy resolution of 23.4% FWHM and an intrinsic spatial resolution of 3.3-mm FWHM for the 140-keV emissions of Tc-99m. Construction of an array of such imaging modules is straightforward; hence this technology shows strong potential for numerous compact gamma camera applications, including scintimammography. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gruber, GJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 AR PII S0018-9499(02)01650-7 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998742 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CQ UT WOS:000175427300025 ER PT J AU Dressendorfer, PV AF Dressendorfer, PV TI Annual review of the editorial process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dressendorfer, PV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 242 EP 243 AR PII S0018-9499(02)02951-9 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998648 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CR UT WOS:000175427400001 ER PT J AU Verbitskaya, E Abreu, M Bartsch, V Bell, W Berglund, P Bol, J de Boer, W Borer, K Buontempo, S Casagrande, L Chapuy, S Cindro, V D'Ambrosio, N Da Via, C Devine, SRH Dezillie, B Dierlamn, A Dimcovski, Z Eremin, V Esposito, A Granata, V Grigoriev, E Hauler, F Janos, S Jungermann, L Konorov, I Li, Z Lourenco, C Mikuz, M Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Pagano, S Palmieri, VG Paul, S Mendes, PR Ruggiero, G Schmitt, L Smith, K Sousa, P Zavrtanik, M AF Verbitskaya, E Abreu, M Bartsch, V Bell, W Berglund, P Bol, J de Boer, W Borer, K Buontempo, S Casagrande, L Chapuy, S Cindro, V D'Ambrosio, N Da Via, C Devine, SRH Dezillie, B Dierlamn, A Dimcovski, Z Eremin, V Esposito, A Granata, V Grigoriev, E Hauler, F Janos, S Jungermann, L Konorov, I Li, Z Lourenco, C Mikuz, M Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Pagano, S Palmieri, VG Paul, S Mendes, PR Ruggiero, G Schmitt, L Smith, K Sousa, P Zavrtanik, M TI Optimization of electric field distribution by free carrier injection in silicon detectors operated at low temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cryogenic detectors; electric field; injection; radiation-induced defects; silicon ID CHARGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; N-EFF; RADIATION HARDNESS; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; NEUTRON AB We present a study of the modeling of the electric field distribution, which is controlled by injection and trapping of nonequilibrium carriers, in Si detectors irradiated by high neutron fluences. An analytical calculation of the electric field distribution in detectors irradiated by neutrons up to fluences of 1 . 10(14) to 5 . 10(15) cm(-2) shows the possibility of reducing the full depletion voltage at low temperatures via hole injection. For this calculation, we use the detector operating parameters and equivalent neutron fluences expected for Large Hadron Collider experiments. The results of the calculation are in good qualitative agreement with published experimental data, lending strong support for the model and for an earlier proposal of electric field manipulation by free carrier injection. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Algarve, LIP Algarve, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Helsinki, Low Temp Lab, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland. Univ Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Bern, LHEP, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. INFN, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Geneva, Dept Radiol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Jozef Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Verbitskaya, E (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RI Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Pagano, Sergio/C-5332-2008; OI Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Pagano, Sergio/0000-0001-6894-791X; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496; D'Ambrosio, Nicola/0000-0001-9849-8756 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 258 EP 263 AR PII S0018-9499(02)01832-4 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998650 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CR UT WOS:000175427400003 ER PT J AU Beche, JF Burks, MT Datte, PS Haguenauer, M Manfredi, PF Millaud, JE Placidi, M Ratti, L Re, V Riot, VJ Schmickler, H Speziali, V Turner, WC AF Beche, JF Burks, MT Datte, PS Haguenauer, M Manfredi, PF Millaud, JE Placidi, M Ratti, L Re, V Riot, VJ Schmickler, H Speziali, V Turner, WC TI An ionization chamber shower detector for the LHC luminosity monitor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionization chamber; luminosity monitor; shower detector AB The front IR quadrupole absorbers (TAS) and the IR neutral particle absorbers (TAN) in the high-luminosity insertions of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) each absorb approximately 1.8 TeV of forward collision products on average per pp interaction (similar to235 W at design luminosity Of 10(34) cm(-2) s(-1)). This secondary particle flux can be exploited to provide a useful storage ring operations tool for optimization of luminosity. A novel segmented, multigap, pressurized gas ionization chamber is being developed for sampling the energy deposited near the maxima of the hadronic/electromagnetic showers in these absorbers. The system design choices have been strongly influenced by optimization of signal-to-noise ratio and by the very high radiation environment. The ionization chambers are instrumented with low-noise, fast, pulse-shaping electronics to be capable of resolving individual bunch crossings at 40 MHz. Data on each bunch are to be separately accumulated over multiple bunch crossings until the desired statistical accuracy is obtained. At design luminosity, approximately 2 x 10(3) bunch crossings will suffice for a 1% luminosity measurement. In this paper, we report the first experimental results of the ionization chamber and analog electronics. Single 450-GeV protons from the SPS at CERN are used to simulate the hadronic/electromagnetic showers produced by the forward collision products from the interaction regions of the LHC. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau 09, France. CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Pavia, INFN, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, INFN, Bergamo, Italy. RP Beche, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; OI RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 285 EP 292 AR PII S0018-9499(02)01837-3 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998655 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CR UT WOS:000175427400008 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, K Beche, JF Burks, MT Hart, G Hogan, GE Manfredi, PF Millaud, JE Morris, CL King, NSP Pazuchanics, PD Turko, B AF Kwiatkowski, K Beche, JF Burks, MT Hart, G Hogan, GE Manfredi, PF Millaud, JE Morris, CL King, NSP Pazuchanics, PD Turko, B TI Development of multiframe detectors for ultrafast radiography with 800 MeV protons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dynamic radiography; hydrogen gas-ion chamber; lutetium oxy-orthosilicate (LSO) scintillator; photodiode array; proton radiography detectors AB We constructed two small-area pixelated detectors, which can record signals produced by 800-MeV proton beam micropulses with a repetition rate of 358 ns. The first detector was built around a two-dimensional (2-D) photodiode array. The array was illuminated by light emitted by a monolithic 1.7-mm-thick lutetium oxy-orthosilicate (LSO) scintillator and imaged by a simple optical system. The other detector was a hydrogen ion chamber operated at I to 2.5 atm. The anode was divided into an array of 8 x 8 1 mm(2) pixels. The fast positive-ion drift velocity in hydrogen helps to minimize the space charge build up. However, for beam pulses spaced in time closer than 1mus, there appears to be a substantial accumulation of space charge. The electronic readout chain, for each of the 64 channels, consisted of an externally clocked fast-gated integrator and an amplifier coupled to an on-board analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a first-in-first-out storage (FIFO). The detectors were tested with beam pulses up to 4 x 10(6) protons per mm(2) delivered in 30 to 120 ns wide microbursts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 293 EP 296 AR PII S0018-9499(02)01825-7 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998656 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CR UT WOS:000175427400009 ER PT J AU Pietraski, PJ Furenlid, LR AF Pietraski, PJ Furenlid, LR TI Count-rate statistics for drift detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE drift detectors; high count-rate detectors; pile-up statistics AB Synchrotron light sources are low-duty-cycle pulsed X-ray sources, a fact that is often neglected in estimating the count-rate capabilities of photon-counting detectors in synchrotron-based experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect that this has on the pileup statistics of drift detectors. We derive expressions for the cases of continuous and pulsed X-ray sources. We consider a pulsed source with period that is either much less than the shaper support time or much less than the average drift time. We also consider a pulsed source with a period that is long or comparable to both the shaper support and the drift time. These conditions correspond to normal and reduced bunch fill patterns of synchrotrons. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Arizona, Opt Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Radiol, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Pietraski, PJ (reprint author), InterDigital Commun Corp, Melville, NY 11747 USA. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB002035] NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 301 EP 306 AR PII S0018-9499(02)01827-0 DI 10.1109/TNS.2002.998658 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 549CR UT WOS:000175427400011 PM 27103751 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Startsev, E Klasky, S Davidson, RC AF Kaganovich, ID Startsev, E Klasky, S Davidson, RC TI Ion-beam plasma neutralization interaction images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE particle beam transport; particle beam focusing; plasma application; plasma waves AB Neutralization of the ion beam charge and current is an important scientific issue for many practical applications. The process of ion beam charge and current neutralization is complex because the excitation of nonlinear plasma waves may occur. Computer simulation images of plasma neutralization of the ion beam pulse are presented. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 AR PII S0093-3813(02)03068-0 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003899 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900005 ER PT J AU Delzanno, GL Lapenta, G Finn, JM AF Delzanno, GL Lapenta, G Finn, JM TI KANDINSKY: A PIC code for fluid simulations of penning traps SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE codes; hydrodynamics; magnetic confinement; plasma waves; simulation ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; INSTABILITY AB We present simulations of the nonlinear dynamics of a nonneutral plasma in a Penning trap. We use KANDINSKY, an advanced cylindrical particle-in-cell (PIC) code based on a new method that avoids the traditional problems of cylindrical PIC codes. The principal novelty resides in defining a particle volume in addition to the usual particle charge. Results from the two-dimensional drift-Poisson model and a recently developed model with compression effects are presented. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 34 EP 35 AR PII S093-3813(02)03169-7 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003910 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900016 ER PT J AU Shadwick, BA Tarkenton, GM Esarey, EH Leemans, WP AF Shadwick, BA Tarkenton, GM Esarey, EH Leemans, WP TI Fluid simulations of intense laser-plasma interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fluid; laser; numerical; plasma AB We present results of fluid simulations of intense laser-plasma interactions where the laser time scale is fully resolved. C1 Inst Adv Phys, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Adv Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Beam Phys, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. RP Shadwick, BA (reprint author), Inst Adv Phys, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 38 EP 39 AR PII S0093-3812(02)03187-9 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003912 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900018 ER PT J AU Camacho, JF Bliss, DE Cameron, SM AF Camacho, JF Bliss, DE Cameron, SM TI Temporally resolved schlieren images of a laser-generated plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron density diagnostics; laser-plasma interactions; optical plasma diagnostics; schlieren imaging AB Temporally resolved images of a long-scalelength aluminum plasma (L greater than or equal to 100 mum, 10(19) cm(-3) less than or equal to n(e) less than or equal to 10(20) cm(-3), T-e approximate to T-i approximate to 50 eV, (Z) over bar approximate to 8.5) were obtained with a charge coupled device camera using the schlieren diagnostic technique. The schlieren imaging probe beam was a 15-mm diameter, 5-mJ, 266-nm, 110-ns FWHM laser pulse that uniformly illuminated the plasma. The probe beam was fired at various times relative to the plasma formation beam on a shot-to-shot basis, and refracted light components from the probe beam produced "snapshots" of schlieren images showing the radial and axial evolution of the plasma. These images can be used to estimate the plasma's expansion velocity and electron density profile as a function of time. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Camacho, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 AR PII S0093-3813(02)04548-4 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003914 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900020 ER PT J AU Deng, BH Brower, DL Cima, G Domier, CW Donne, AJH Luhmann, NC Oyevaar, T Wootton, A AF Deng, BH Brower, DL Cima, G Domier, CW Donne, AJH Luhmann, NC Oyevaar, T Wootton, A TI Imaging of core electron temperature fluctuations of tokamak Plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ECE; imaging; plasma; temperature; turbulence; visualization ID UPGRADE; DENSITY AB Imaging techniques applied to plasma turbulence data have lead to the discovery of unexpected two-dimensional patterns in the fluctuation levels. The data are obtained in the core of tokamak plasmas, using the novel technique of correlation intensity interferometry. Low-frequency fluctuations, usually associated with tearing modes, are not only found as expected near the q = 2 surface, but also on the midplane outside this surface. Higher frequency fluctuations, usually associated with the drift wave family, are poloidally localized. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Deng, BH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 72 EP 73 AR PII S 0093-3813(02)03300-3 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003929 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900035 ER PT J AU Hebner, GA Riley, ME Johnson, DS Ho, P Buss, RJ AF Hebner, GA Riley, ME Johnson, DS Ho, P Buss, RJ TI 2-D plasma dust crystal compression in a parabolic well SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dust; measurements; plasma; plasma sheath ID COULOMB AB A spherically curved (locally parabolic) electrode with a conformal plasma sheath can be used to directly test two-dimensional (2-D) plasma crystal particle-particle interaction models and to derive the screening length and the charge on the particles. By using such a well, the lateral interaction potential was isolated and accessible. Good agreement was obtained between measured and calculated single particle trajectories using measured gas densities and temperatures to determine the neutral gas drag. Plasma crystal compression in the parabolic potential was demonstrated to be in good agreement with that predicted by an equation of state for the 2-D dust layer incorporating Debye shielding of the charges. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hebner, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 94 EP 95 AR PII S 0093-3813(02)03312-X DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003940 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900046 ER PT J AU Garasi, CJ Robinson, AC Kingman, P Filbey, S AF Garasi, CJ Robinson, AC Kingman, P Filbey, S TI Visualization of ALEGRA-MHD kinked wire validation simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics; software verification; validation AB We present a three-dimensional (3-D) ALEGRA-MHD simulation of a kinked wire magneto-solid mechanics validation experiment performed at Army Research Laboratory. A 3-min diameter copper wire with a 60degrees (equilateral) kink was subjected to a 400-kA prescribed current pulse. Magnetic quantities have been visualized in order to understand the 3-D nature of the resulting wire disruption. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Res & Dev, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Armor Modeling Team, Armor Concept Sect, Armor Mech Branch,Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Garasi, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Res & Dev, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 104 EP 105 AR PII S 0093-3813(02)03158-2 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003945 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900051 ER PT J AU Anders, A AF Anders, A TI Imaging the separation of cathodic arc plasma and macroparticles in curved magnetic filters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cathodic vacuum arc; imaging; macroparticles; plasma filter ID VACUUM-ARC; TRANSPORT; COATINGS AB Cathodic vacuum arc plasmas can be used to produce weIl-adherent, dense, high-quality films and coatings, provided macroparticles are removed from the plasma. Both plasma and macroparticles are produced at cathode spots, and in most cases both can easily be observed because they emit light. The nature of this light emission is briefly discussed. Using open, curved solenoids as magnetic filters, one can readily optically record the separation of plasma and macroparticles by the filter. Imaging can be used as a powerful tool to help developing macroparticle filters and optimizing their design. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 108 EP 109 AR PII S0093-3813(02)03154-5 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003947 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JP UT WOS:000175845900053 ER PT J AU Kaita, R Johnson, D Roquemore, L Bitter, M Levinton, F Paoletti, F Stutman, D AF Kaita, R Johnson, D Roquemore, L Bitter, M Levinton, F Paoletti, F Stutman, D TI NSTX diagnostics for fusion plasma science studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Plasma Science/Pulsed Power Conference (PPPS 2001) CY 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE magnetic confinement; nuclear fusion; plasma diagnostics; spherical torus ID SPHERICAL-TORUS-EXPERIMENT; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; CONFINEMENT; SYSTEM; TFTR AB This paper will discuss how plasma science issues are addressed by the diagnostics for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), the newest large-scale machine in the magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) program. The development of new schemes for plasma confinement involves the interplay of experimental results and theoretical interpretations. A fundamental requirement, for example, is a determination of the equilibria for these configurations. For MCF, this is well established in the solutions of the Grad-Shafranov equation. While it is simple to state its basis in the balance between the kinetic and magnetic pressures, what they are as functions of space and time are often not easy to obtain. Quantities like the plasma pressure and current density are not directly measurable. They are derived from data that are themselves complex products of more basic parameters. The same difficulties apply, to the understanding of plasma instabilities. Not only are the needs for spatial and temporal resolution more stringent, but the wave parameters which characterize the instabilities are difficult to resolve. We will show how solutions to the problems of diagnostic design on NSTX, and the physics insight the data analysis provides, benefits both NSTX and the broader scientific community. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kaita, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 219 EP 226 AR PII S0093-3813(02)01605-3 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003863 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JQ UT WOS:000175846000004 ER PT J AU Ekdahl, C AF Ekdahl, C TI Modern electron accelerators for radiography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Plasma Science/Pulsed Power Conference (PPPS 2001) CY 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE accelerator; AIRIX; betatron; DARHT; FXR; hydrodynamics; hydrotest; linear-induction-accelerator; PHERMEX; radiography AB Over the past dozen years or so, there have been significant advances in electron accelerators designed specifically for radiography of hydrodynamic experiments. Accelerator technology has evolved to accommodate the radiographers' continuing quest for multiple images in time and space. Improvements in electron beam quality have resulted in smaller radiographic spot sizes for better resolution, while a higher radiation dose now provides improved penetration of large, dense objects. Inductive isolation and acceleration techniques have played a key role in these advances. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ekdahl, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 254 EP 261 AR PII S0093-3813(02)01609-0 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003868 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JQ UT WOS:000175846000007 ER PT J AU Buttram, M AF Buttram, M TI Some future directions for repetitive pulsed power SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International Conference on Plasma Science/Pulsed Power Conference (PPPS 2001) CY 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE Coilgun; compact pulsed power; PCSS; photoconductive semiconductor switch; pulsed power; repetitive pulsed power ID PHOTOCONDUCTIVE SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES; LONGEVITY AB Repetitive pulsed power technology has a lot of potential for growth. After a relatively quiet decade in the 90s, customer interest is increasing. With new interest comes new demands on the technology. Orders of magnitude advances will be needed over the next ten years. This paper speculates where some such improvements may be made. It does not attempt to provide a complete overview of the possibilities. Rather it attempts to identify a few areas where large growth seems possible over the next decade, and to highlight the drivers for substantial breakthroughs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buttram, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 262 EP 266 AR PII S0093-3813(02)01602-8 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003869 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JQ UT WOS:000175846000008 ER PT J AU Tian, XB Kwok, DTK Chu, PK Anders, A AF Tian, XB Kwok, DTK Chu, PK Anders, A TI Two-dimensional sample temperature modeling in separation by plasma implantation of oxygen (SPIMOX) process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE modeling; plasma implantation; temperature ID IMMERSION ION-IMPLANTATION; KINETIC-MODEL; SHEATH; DYNAMICS; SILICON; SIMULATION; TARGETS AB Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) offers high throughput and efficiency in the synthesis of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials. In the separation by plasma implantation of oxygen (SPIMOX) process, the spatial and time variation of the sample temperature must be known and well controlled to ensure uniform buried oxide and silicon overlying layer thicknesses over the entire silicon wafer. In this paper, we describe a two-dimensional model and derive the temperature distribution on the silicon wafer with respect to time and other process parameters. Our results show laterally nonuniform heating by the incoming ions and the local temperature is influenced more by the sample voltage and thermal irradiation coefficient of the target than the pulse duration and plasma density. The model provides a simple and quick means to determine whether external heating will be needed to maintain the sample temperature at 600degreesC during the SPIMOX process. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tian, XB (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 423 EP 427 AR PII S0093-3813(02)02466-9 DI 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003891 PN 3 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 556JT UT WOS:000175846200017 ER PT J AU Higdon, D Lee, H Bi, ZX AF Higdon, D Lee, H Bi, ZX TI A Bayesian approach to characterizing uncertainty in inverse problems using coarse and fine-scale information SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE coupled MCMC; flow in porous media; hydrology Markov chain Monte Carlo; posterior simulation; SPECT; stochastic simulation ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY DATA; MONTE-CARLO METHODS; MARKOV-CHAINS; MODEL; COMPUTATION; FIELD AB The Bayesian approach allows one to easily quantify uncertainty, at least in theory. In practice, however, MCMC can be computationally expensive, particularly in complicated inverse problems. Here, we present methodology for improving the speed and efficiency of an MCMC analysis by combining runs on different scales. By using a coarser scale, the chain can run faster (particularly when there is an external forward simulator involved in the likelihood evaluation) and better explore the posterior, being less likely to become stuck in local maxima. We discuss methods for linking the coarse chain back to the original fine-scale chain of interest. The resulting coupled chain can thus be run more efficiently without sacrificing the accuracy achieved at the finer scale. C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1109/78.978393 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 514AA UT WOS:000173412600021 ER PT J AU Martin, LP Chambers, DH Thomas, GH AF Martin, LP Chambers, DH Thomas, GH TI Experimental and simulated ultrasonic characterization of complex damage in fused silica SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID EARTHQUAKE; MOTION AB The growth of a laser-induced, surface damage site in a fused silica window was monitored by the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. The laser damage was grown using 12-ns pulses of 1.053-mum wavelength light at a fluence of similar to27 J/cm(2). The ultrasonic data were acquired after each pulse of the laser beam for 19 pulses. In addition, optical images of the surface and subsurface damage shape were recorded after each pulse of the laser. The ultrasonic signal amplitude exhibited variations with the damage size, which were attributed to the subsurface morphology of the damage site. A mechanism for the observed ultrasonic data based on the interaction of the ultrasound with cracks radiating from the damage site was tested using two-dimensional numerical simulations. The simulated results exhibit qualitatively similar characteristics to the experimental data and demonstrate the usefulness of numerical simulation as an aid for ultrasonic signal interpretation. The observed sensitivity to subsurface morphology makes the ultrasonic methodology a promising tool for monitoring laser damage in large aperture laser optics used in fusion energy research. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martin, LP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1109/58.985709 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 522LU UT WOS:000173899400011 PM 11885682 ER PT J AU Moore, MR AF Moore, MR TI Wireless R&D aims to boost traffic SO INTECH LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOC AMER PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 67 ALEXANDER DRIVE, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0192-303X J9 INTECH JI Intech PD FEB PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 517WL UT WOS:000173633400013 ER PT J AU Doddi, SR Marathe, MV Moret, BM AF Doddi, SR Marathe, MV Moret, BM TI Point set labeling with specified positions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry CY JUN 12-14, 2000 CL HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, KOWLOON, PEOPLES R CHINA HO HONG KONG UNIV SCI & TECHNOL DE NP-hardness; approximation algorithms; cartography; computational geometry ID PLACEMENT; ALGORITHMS AB Motivated by applications in cartography and computer graphics, we study a version of the map-labeling problem that we call the k-Position Map-Labeling Problem: given a set of points in the plane and, for each point, a set of up to k allowable positions, place uniform and non-intersecting labels of maximum size at each point in one of the allowable positions. This version combines an aesthetic criterion and a legibility criterion and comes close to actual practice while generalizing the fixed-point and slider models found in the literature. We present a general heuristic that given an epsilon > 0, runs in time O(n log n + n log(R* / epsilon) log(k)), where R* is the size of the optimal label, and guarantees a constant approximation for any regular labels. For circular labels, our technique yields a (3.6 + epsilon)-approximation, improving in the case of arbitrary placement over the previous bound of approximately 19.5 obtained by Strijk and Wolff.(28) We then extend our approach to arbitrary positions, obtaining an algorithm that is easy to implement and also substantially improves the best approximation bounds. Our technique combines several geometric and combinatorial properties, which may be of independent interest. C1 Timbre Technol Inc, A TEL Co, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Doddi, SR (reprint author), Timbre Technol Inc, A TEL Co, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. EM srini@timbrecom.com; marathe@lanl.gov; moret@cs.unm.edu OI Moret, Bernard/0000-0003-1549-4544 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1959 J9 INT J COMPUT GEOM AP JI Int. J. Comput. Geom. Appl. PD FEB-APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 66 DI 10.1142/S0218195902000736 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 526GK UT WOS:000174121700003 ER PT J AU Sarti, A Malladi, R Sethian, JA AF Sarti, A Malladi, R Sethian, JA TI Subjective surfaces: A geometric model for boundary completion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Article DE subjective surfaces; segmentation; perceptual contours; level sets; differential geometry; Riemannian geometry; surface evolution ID MINIMAL-SURFACES; ACTIVE CONTOURS; CURVATURE; FRONTS; FIELDS; SHAPE AB We present a geometric model and a computational method for segmentation of images with missing boundaries. In many situations, the human visual system fills in missing gaps in edges and boundaries, building and completing information that is not present, Boundary completion presents a considerable challenge in computer vision, since most algorithms attempt to exploit existing data. A large body of work concerns, completion models, which postulate how to construct missing data; these models are often trained and specific to particular images. In this paper, we take the following, alternative perspective: we consider a given reference point within the image, and then develop an algorithm which tries to build missing information on the basis of the given point of view and the available information as boundary data to the algorithm. Starting from this point of view, a surface is constructed. It is then evolved with the mean curvature flow in the metric induced by the image until a piecewise constant solution is reached. We test the computational model on modal completion, amodal completion, and texture segmentation. We extend the geometric model and the algorithm to 3D in order to extract shapes from low signal/noise ratio ultrasound image volumes. Results in 3D echocardiography and 3D fetal echography are also presented. C1 Univ Bologna, DEIS, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sarti, A (reprint author), Univ Bologna, DEIS, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. NR 43 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5691 J9 INT J COMPUT VISION JI Int. J. Comput. Vis. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 201 EP 221 DI 10.1023/A:1014028906229 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 536MN UT WOS:000174706700002 ER PT J AU Keblinski, P Phillpot, SR Choi, SUS Eastman, JA AF Keblinski, P Phillpot, SR Choi, SUS Eastman, JA TI Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nano-sized particles (nanofluids) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; nanofluids; molecular dynamics simulations; ballistic heat transport ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID; INTERFACE AB Recent measurements on nanofluids have demonstrated that the thermal conductivity increases with decreasing grain size. However, Such increases cannot be explained by existing theories. We explore four possible explanations for this anomalous increase: Brownian motion of the particles, molecular-level layering of the liquid at the liquid/particle interface, the nature of heat transport in the nanoparticles. and the effects of nanoparticle clustering. We show that the key factors in understanding thermal properties of nanofluids are the ballistic, rather than diffusive, nature of heat transport in the nanoparticles, combined with direct or fluid-mediated clustering effects that provide paths for rapid heat transport. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keblinski, P (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 110 8th St,MRC 115, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012 NR 26 TC 1048 Z9 1086 U1 19 U2 174 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00175-2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 506GD UT WOS:000172960800016 ER PT J AU Wan, YP Fincke, JR Sampath, S Prasad, V Herman, H AF Wan, YP Fincke, JR Sampath, S Prasad, V Herman, H TI Modeling and experimental observation of evaporation from oxidizing molybdenum particles entrained in a thermal plasma jet SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE evaporation; oxidation; plasma spray; molybdenum; modeling ID VAPORIZATION; COMBUSTION; SPRAYS; FLAME AB A model describing the in-flight evaporation of particles injected into a high-temperature plasma jet issuing into surrounding air has been developed and incorporated into an earlier model that includes a detailed description of particle heating and melting. In addition to physical evaporation controlled by vapor diffusion and heat transfer, the evaporation due to the production of volatile oxides on the particle surface is also modeled. The effect of evaporation-induced mass transfer on heat flux to the particle surface is taken into consideration along with the effects of variable plasma properties and the modification of heat and momentum transfer due to non-continuum effects experienced under plasma conditions. Computational results on molybdenum particles in an argon-hydrogen DC plasma spray system are developed and are qualitatively compared with experimental results. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Thermal Spray Res, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Proc Modeling Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP GT Equipment Technol Inc, 472 Amherst St, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. EM wan@gtequipment.com; jfl@inel.gov; ssampath@ms.cc.sunysb.edu NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1007 EP 1015 DI 10.1016/S0017-9310(01)00214-9 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 508CH UT WOS:000173069300006 ER PT J AU Kitova, N Ivanova, K Ausloos, M Ackerman, TP Mikhalev, MA AF Kitova, N Ivanova, K Ausloos, M Ackerman, TP Mikhalev, MA TI Time dependent correlations in marine stratocumulus cloud base height records SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE stratus cloud base height; fluctuations; correlations; power spectrum; detrended fluctuation analysis; multifractals ID DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS; PERSISTENCE AB The scaling ranges of time correlations in the cloud base height records of marine boundary layer stratocumulus axe studied applying the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis statistical method. We have found that time dependent variations in the evolution of the a exponent reflect the diurnal dynamics of cloud base height fluctuations in the marine boundary layer. In general a more stable structure of the boundary layer corresponds to a lower value of the a-indicator, i.e., larger anti-persistence, thus a set of fluctuations tending to induce a greater stability of the stratocumulus. In contrast, during the periods of higher instability in the marine boundary, less anti-persistent (more persistent like) behavior of the system drags it out of equilibrium, corresponding to larger a values. From an analysis of the frequency spectrum, the stratocumulus base height evolution is found to be a nonstationary process with stationary increments. The occurrence of these statistics in cloud base height fluctuations suggests the usefulness of similar studies for the radiation transfer dynamics modeling. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Liege, SUPRAS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kitova, N (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, 72 Tzarigradsko Chaussee, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1142/S0129183102003097 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 540EE UT WOS:000174915900009 ER PT J AU Yow, JL Hunt, JR AF Yow, JL Hunt, JR TI Coupled processes in rock mass performance with emphasis on nuclear waste isolation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID KAMAISHI MINE EXPERIMENT; FRACTURED ROCK; SHAFT SINKING; NUMERICAL-MODEL; CHARACTERIZATION FACILITY; HYDROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR; FIELD EXPERIMENT; FLOW AB Driven by the needs of engineered underground systems, the field of rock mechanics is evolving to address the interactions of in situ mechanical, thermal, hydrologic. and chemical processes and their effects on system performance. important technical issues include understanding how the relevant loads and gradients drive in situ processes; rock mass variability, discontinuity, and heterogeneity, process and parameter scale dependence, and the degree of coupling between processes. Major challenges include scaling information from short-duration laboratory tests up to long-term, full-scale system performance and the lack of experimental investigations or simulations of fully coupled thermal-mechanical-hydrologic-chemical behavior. Technical trends and opportunities that may benefit rock engineering include applied research in reactive geochemistry, information technology for measurement systems, and modeling and monitoring combined in an observational method to improve system performance. (C). 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yow, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 AR PII S1365-1609(02)00064-3 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00064-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 572YX UT WOS:000176803500003 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM Freeman, DC DeTeresa, SJ AF Christensen, RM Freeman, DC DeTeresa, SJ TI Failure criteria for isotropic materials, applications to low-density types SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE failure criteria; low-density materials; closed-cell foam ID FOAMS AB Isotropic failure criteria are derived in a general form that applies to both homogeneous materials and to porous, low-density materials. Specific applications are made to closed-cell foam materials, with the properties type parameters determined from experimental data. It is found that in addition to the usual yielding type of failure behavior, a fracture type behavior can arise under certain tensile stress conditions and must be taken into explicit account in forming the failure criteria for low-density materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 BP 973 EP 982 AR PII S0020-7683(01)00229-3 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(01)00229-3 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 538MJ UT WOS:000174819500010 ER PT J AU Neil, GR Benson, SV Biallas, G Boyce, J Dillon-Townes, LA Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Grippo, A Gubeli, J Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Krafft, GA Li, R Mammosser, J Merminga, L Preble, J Shinn, M Siggins, T Walker, R Williams, G Yunn, B Zhang, S AF Neil, GR Benson, SV Biallas, G Boyce, J Dillon-Townes, LA Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Grippo, A Gubeli, J Hernandez-Garcia, C Jordan, K Krafft, GA Li, R Mammosser, J Merminga, L Preble, J Shinn, M Siggins, T Walker, R Williams, G Yunn, B Zhang, S TI The Jefferson Lab Free Electron Laser Program SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Infrared Free Electron Laser and its Application CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 2002 CL TOKYO UNIV SCI, NODA CAMPUS, NODA, JAPAN HO TOKYO UNIV SCI, NODA CAMPUS DE Free Electron Laser (FEL); superconducting; accelerator; energy recovering linac ID HYDROGEN; SILICON AB A Free Electron Laser (FEL) called the IR Demo is operational as a user facility at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia, USA. It utilizes a 48 MeV superconducting accelerator that not only accelerates the beam but also recovers about 80% of the electron-beam power that remains after the FEL interaction. Utilizing this recirculation loop the machine has recovered cw average currents up to 5 mA, and has lased cw above 2 M output at 3.1 microns. It is capable of output in the 1 to 6 micron range and can produce similar to0.7 ps pulses in a continuous train at similar to75 MHz. This pulse length has been shown to be nearly optimal for deposition of energy in materials at the surface. Upgrades under construction will extend operation beyond 10 M average power in the near IR and produce multi-kilowatt levels of power from 0.3 to 25 microns. This talk will cover the performance measurements of this groundbreaking laser, scaling in near-term planned upgrades, and highlight some of the user activities at the facility. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST PURE APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG, 4-24-8 SHINBASHI, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105-004, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 SU S BP 15 EP 19 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 656QP UT WOS:000181618700004 ER PT J AU Wright, DL Yu, SC Kasibhatla, PS McGraw, R Schwartz, SE Saxena, VK Yue, GK AF Wright, DL Yu, SC Kasibhatla, PS McGraw, R Schwartz, SE Saxena, VK Yue, GK TI Retrieval of aerosol properties from moments of the particle size distribution for kernels involving the step function: cloud droplet activation SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE moments; modeling; cloud activation ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; II SATELLITE AB Aerosol properties such as the number of particles that activate to form cloud drops and the mass contained within specified size ranges (as in the PM 2.5 and PM 10 regulatory standards) require integration over only part of the full size range of the particle distribution function (PDF) and may be formally expressed as integrals over kernels involving the Heaviside step function. Determination of these properties requires essentially that the size spectrum be partitioned into two (or more) portions, and poses a special challenge for aerosol modeling with the method or moments. To assess the ability of moment-based methods to treat kernels involving step functions, several algorithms for the estimation of aerosol properties associated with cloud activation have been evaluated. For 240 measured continental distributions employed here as test cases, the full size spectrum of the PDF was partitioned into three distinct portions based upon characteristic critical radii for activation in cumulus and stratiform clouds, and mass- and number-concentration metrics were evaluated for each portion. The first six radial moments yielded results accurate to within about 10% or better, on average, and the numbers of particles activated as cloud drops and the aerosol mass taken into cloud water were estimated to an accuracy of 5% or better. Of the moment-based approaches evaluated, the multiple isomomental distribution aerosol surrogate (MIDAS) (Wright, J. Aerosol Sci. 31 (2000) 1) technique performed best. Accurate results were also obtained with the randomized minimization search technique (RMST) (Yue et al., Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (1997) 651; Heintzenberg et al., Appl. Opt. 20 (1981) 1308). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Wright, DL (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Kasibhatla, Prasad/A-2574-2010; yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014; OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Kasibhatla, Prasad/0000-0003-3562-3737 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 319 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00172-0 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 512HK UT WOS:000173318800008 ER PT J AU Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Sauter, NK Moriarty, NW Adams, PD AF Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Sauter, NK Moriarty, NW Adams, PD TI The Computational Crystallography Toolbox: crystallographic algorithms in a reusable software framework SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The advent of structural genomics initiatives has led to a pressing need for high-throughput macromolecular structure determination. To accomplish this, new methods and inevitably new software must be developed to accelerate the process of structure solution. To minimize duplication of effort and to generate maintainable code efficiently, a toolbox of basic crystallographic software components is required. The development of the Computational Crystallography Toolbox (cctbx) has been undertaken for this purpose. In this paper, the fundamental requirements for the cctbx are outlined and the decisions that have lead to its implementation are explained. The cctbx currently contains algorithms for the handling of unit cells, space groups and atomic scatterers, and is released under an Open Source license to allow unrestricted use and continued development. It will be developed further to become a comprehensive library of crystallographic tools useful to the entire community of software developers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Adams, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 4-230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 NR 27 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1107/S0021889801017824 PN 1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 514LM UT WOS:000173441000021 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Wang, H AF Jagannadham, K Wang, H TI Thermal resistance of interfaces in AlN-diamond thin film composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALS AB The effective thermal conductivity of single and multilayer AlN/diamond composite films deposited on silicon substrate with a planar interface is determined experimentally. As a result of the small thickness and the good crystalline quality of the AlN and diamond films, the contribution to the effective thermal resistivity from the films remained very small and enabled the evaluation of the thermal barrier resistance associated with the interfaces. The interfacial thermal resistance of AlN/Si, diamond/Si, and AlN/diamond interfaces was evaluated from the experimental measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of the layered structures. The results show that amorphous regions formed along the interfaces are responsible for high thermal resistance in the layered structures. Modeling of the interfacial thermal resistance has been carried out to explain the effective thermal conductivity of the single and multilayer AlN/diamond composite films in terms of the microstructure of the interfaces. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008; Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1224 EP 1235 DI 10.1063/1.1428103 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000173418500050 ER PT J AU Young, DL Williamson, DL Coutts, TJ AF Young, DL Williamson, DL Coutts, TJ TI Structural characterization of zinc stannate thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPINEL STRUCTURE; TRANSPARENT; MOSSBAUER; OXIDE AB Polycrystalline thin films of Zn2SnO4 were deposited by rf magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. Films were characterized by theta-2theta x-ray diffraction and by Sn-119 conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy. The films were randomly oriented in a cubic spinel structure. Comparison of x-ray diffraction peak intensities with structure-factor-calculated peak intensities confirmed that the films were in an inverse spinel configuration. Mossbauer studies detected two distinct Sn4+ octahedral sites. These distinct sites may be induced by distortions in the lattice associated with equally distinct Zn2+ octahedral sites. A model is suggested to explain that the relatively low electron mobility of Zn2SnO4 may be associated with disorder on the cation octahedral sites. This may disrupt transport between edge-sharing d(10)s(0) electronically configured cations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 36 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1464 EP 1471 DI 10.1063/1.1429793 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000173418500086 ER PT J AU Roberts, JJ AF Roberts, JJ TI Electrical properties of microporous rock as a function of saturation and temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOPOPAH SPRING TUFF; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; DIHEDRAL ANGLES; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; RESISTIVITY; REPOSITORY; SANDSTONES; FLOW AB We measured the electrical resistivity of densely welded tuff (Topopah Spring tuff) as a function of saturation by water between 23 and 145 degreesC. Measurements at 23-95 degreesC were performed at ambient pressure and measurements up to 145 degreesC were performed at pressures up to 5.5 MPa in an externally heated pressure vessel. Pore and confining pressures were controlled independently, allowing electrical measurements as the sample was subjected to boiling conditions. Resistivity changes associated with liquid water flashing to steam were observed. Incremental increases in resistivity with decreasing pore pressure are attributed to vapor pressure lowering caused by capillary tension in the nanometer-size pores. This result has important implications for models of reservoir engineering, geologic nuclear-waste disposal, and geophysical sensing techniques. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Roberts, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1687 EP 1694 DI 10.1063/1.1430544 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514CF UT WOS:000173418500122 ER PT J AU Motin, VL Georgescu, AM Elliott, JM Hu, P Worsham, PL Ott, LL Slezak, TR Sokhansanj, BA Regala, WM Brubaker, RR Garcia, E AF Motin, VL Georgescu, AM Elliott, JM Hu, P Worsham, PL Ott, LL Slezak, TR Sokhansanj, BA Regala, WM Brubaker, RR Garcia, E TI Genetic variability of Yersinia pestis isolates as predicted by PCR-based IS100 genotyping and analysis of structural genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glpD) SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED PLASMIDS; SEQUENCE IS100; IS-ELEMENTS; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; PLAGUE; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; INSERTION; GENOME AB A PCR-based genotyping system that detects divergence of IS100 locations within the Yersinia pestis genome was used to characterize a large collection of isolates of different biovars and geographical origins. Using sequences derived from the glycerol-negative biovar orientalis strain CO92, a set of 27 locus-specific primers was designed to amplify fragments between the end of IS100 and its neighboring gene. Geographically diverse members of the orientalis biovar formed a homogeneous group with identical genotype with the exception of strains isolated in Indochina. In contrast, strains belonging to the glycerol-positive biovar antiqua showed a variety of fingerprinting profiles. Moreover, strains of the biovar medievalis (also glycerol positive) clustered together with the antiqua isolates originated from Southeast Asia, suggesting their close phylogenetic relationships. Interestingly, a Manchurian biovar antiqua strain Nicholisk 51 displayed a genotyping pattern typical of biovar orientalis isolates. Analysis of the glycerol pathway in Y. pestis suggested that a 93-bp deletion within the glpD gene encoding aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase might account for the glycerol-negative phenotype of the orientalis biovar. The glpD gene of strain Nicholisk 51 did not possess this deletion, although it contained two nucleotide substitutions characteristic of the glpD version found exclusively in biovar orientalis strains. To account for this close relationship between biovar orientalis strains and the antiqua Nicholisk 51 isolate, we postulate that the latter represents a variant of this biovar with restored ability to ferment glycerol. The fact that such a genetic lesion might be repaired as part of the natural evolutionary process suggests the existence of genetic exchange between different Yersinia strains in nature. The relevance of this observation on the emergence of epidemic Y. pestis strains is discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Motin, Vladimir/O-1535-2013 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 184 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1027 DI 10.1128/jb.184.4.1019-1027.2002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 518VJ UT WOS:000173688300018 PM 11807062 ER PT J AU Rho, JY Zioupos, P Currey, JD Pharr, GM AF Rho, JY Zioupos, P Currey, JD Pharr, GM TI Microstructural elasticity and regional heterogeneity in human femoral bone of various ages examined by nano-indentation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE secondary osteons; interstitial bone; nano-indentation; age ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MINERAL-CONTENT; YOUNGS MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; TOUGHNESS; POROSITY; COLLAGEN; HARDNESS; STRENGTH AB The elastic modulus and hardness of secondary osteonal and interstitial bone was examined through the thickness of the cortex of human femora of various ages by nano-indentation. There was a clear difference between the stiffness and hardness of secondary osteonal and interstitial bone, the latter being stiffer (F-1,F-48 = 56.0, P<0.001). There were some differences between the bones of different subjects; however, there were no differences that could be reliably associated with the chronological age of the subject, or with differences in location through the thickness of the cortex (F-2,F-48 = 0.21, P = 0.810). Previous studies have been equivocal in relating changes in the macroscopic 'composite' material stiffness of bone to the age of the individual. By combining the results of the nano-tests with histological measures, we were able to produce a good relationship of the microstructural properties at the matrix level with the bending modulus of whole bone (R-2 := 0.88, P<0.001) and this improved further by taking into account the age of the individual (R-2 = 0.94, P<0.001). Our results suggest that using differences in the volumetric proportions of secondary osteons versus interstitial bone, and the properties of these elements/structures in isolation may be a more accurate method of determining differences in elastic modulus of whole bone between individuals of various ages. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cranfield Univ, Dept Mat & Med Sci, Shrivenham SN6 8LA, England. Univ Memphis, Dept Biomed Engn, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zioupos, P (reprint author), Cranfield Univ, Dept Mat & Med Sci, Shrivenham SN6 8LA, England. RI zhang, mingjie/C-1507-2012; OI ZIOUPOS, PETER/0000-0002-0123-2706 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-45297] NR 38 TC 151 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00199-3 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 517KQ UT WOS:000173610100005 PM 11784537 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Engle, NL Sachleben, RA AF Bryan, JC Engle, NL Sachleben, RA TI Syntheses and structures of dihydrocalix[4]arenes bearing O-benzonitrile and O-acetonyl substituents SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE calixarene; crystal structure; synthesis; conformation ID CROWN-6 ETHERS; CALIX<4>ARENE; CESIUM AB Three 25,27-dihydrocalix[4]arene derivatives, bearing benzonitrile and acetone groups on the oxygens, were prepared and structurally characterized. All three structures crystallize in P(1) over bar, with cell dimensions: bis(benzonitrile)calix[4]arene.toluene, a = 11.530(2) Angstrom, b = 12.013(2) Angstrom, c = 14.089(4) Angstrom, alpha = 103.555(18)degrees, beta = 94.341(18)degrees, gamma = 104.704(16)degrees, and V = 1815.9(7) Angstrom(3); anti-bis-acetone-calix[4]arene, a = 7.5847(8) Angstrom, b = 12.0948(17) Angstrom, c = 15.3375(16) Angstrom, alpha = 78.982(10)degrees, beta = 76.932(9)degrees, gamma = 73.129(10)degrees, and V = 1299.6(3) Angstrom(3); syn-bis-acetone-calix[4]arene, a = 9.080(3) Angstrom, b = 10.391(3) Angstrom, c = 14.816(3) Angstrom, alpha = 96.998(19)degrees, beta = 100.02(2)degrees, gamma = 103.93(3)degrees, and V = 1299.6(3) Angstrom(3). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 38 AR UNSP 1074-1542/02/0200-0033/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015692205903 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 557HN UT WOS:000175903200005 ER PT J AU Bergmann, U Bendix, J Glatzel, P Gray, HB Cramer, SP AF Bergmann, U Bendix, J Glatzel, P Gray, HB Cramer, SP TI Anisotropic valence -> core x-ray fluorescence from a [Rh(en)(3)][Mn(N)(CN)(5)]center dot H2O single crystal: Experimental results and density functional calculations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; APPROXIMATION; ENERGY; DFT AB High resolution x-ray fluorescence spectra have been recorded for emission in different directions from a single crystal of the compound [Rh(en)(3)][Mn(N)(CN)(5)].H2O. The spectra are interpreted by comparison with density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations. The Kbeta(') line, which is strongly polarized along the Mn-N axis, can be viewed as an N(2s)-->Mn(1s) transition, and the angular dependence is understood within the dipole approximation. The so-called Kbeta(2,5) region has numerous contributions but is dominated by Mn(4p) and C(2s)-->Mn(1s) transitions. Transition energy splittings are found in agreement with those of calculated occupied molecular orbitals to within 1 eV. Computed relative transition probabilities reproduce experimentally observed trends. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; Bendix, Jesper/H-5468-2012 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; Bendix, Jesper/0000-0003-1255-2868 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 5 BP 2011 EP 2015 DI 10.1063/1.1419062 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 514CG UT WOS:000173418600030 ER PT J AU Morss, LR AF Morss, LR TI Ternary oxides of the actinides with alkali and alkaline earth elements: stability and acid-base relationships SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE actinide oxides; ternary oxides; oxide basicity; oxide stability; uranium oxides; perovskite ID PEROVSKITE; THERMODYNAMICS AB Enthalpies of formation of many ternary uranium oxides were determined by solution calorimetry by O'Hare, Cordfunke, and others between 1967 and 1988, These authors achieved accurate results by using pure starting materials, synthesizing nearly phase-pure crystalline products, developing appropriate thermochemical cycles, and controlling calorimetric conditions. Their studies provided a foundation for subsequent calorimetric studies of ternary lanthanide and actinide oxides with alkali and alkaline earth elements. These studies generated a substantial thermochemical database for the ternary oxides of transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. In this paper, the stability of several families of ternary actinide oxides is correlated in terms of the enthalpy of reactions such as AO(s) + BO2(s) = ABO(3)(s) (AO = alkaline earth oxide, BO2 = oxide of tetravalent actinide) combined with an acidity scale for binary oxides that is based on the enthalpies of formation of the oxides. The success in correlating of enthalpies of formation of ternary actinide oxides with oxide acidities enhances the value of well-determined experimental thermochemical and structural properties of these materials. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Morss, LR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1006/jcht.2001.0898 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 565PV UT WOS:000176379400009 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Lang, BE Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF Darling, TW Migliori, A Thoma, D AF Lashley, JC Lang, BE Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF Darling, TW Migliori, A Thoma, D TI The heat capacity of single-crystal AuZn near the martensitic transition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE AuZn; martensite; shape-memory alloy; heat capacity; specific heat; entropy; thermodynamics; copper ID THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS; ALLOYS; COPPER AB Heat capacity measurements were made on a single-crystal sample of AuZn using semi-adiabatic calorimetry from T = 0.6 K to T = 100 K. This material exhibits a continuous phase transition at 64.75 K, and analysis of the heat capacity data give values for the entropy of transition (Delta(tr)S) 2.02 J . K-1 . mol(-1), electronic heat capacity (gamma) 0.38 mJ . K-2 . mol(-1) and low-temperature limiting Debye temperature (Theta(D)) 219 K. Mechanical tests performed at liquid helium temperatures verify that AuZn exhibits the shape memory effect. To the best of our knowledge, the martensitic transformation temperature in AuZn is the lowest observed for a shape-memory alloy and is the first to exhibit a continuous transition at a martensitic transition. We also report heat capacity measurements on a high-purity single crystal of copper to demonstrate the accuracy and precision of our low-temperature heat capacity apparatus. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Woodfield, BF (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1006/jcht.2002.0899 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 565PV UT WOS:000176379400011 ER PT J AU Wu, YS Pan, LH Zhang, W Bodvarsson, GS AF Wu, YS Pan, LH Zhang, W Bodvarsson, GS TI Characterization of flow and transport processes within the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, under current and future climates SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE unsaturated-zone flow and transport; surface infiltration; site characterization; numerical simulation; fracture-matrix interactions and perched water ID FRACTURED TUFF; MODEL; SIMULATION; REPOSITORY; FLUID AB This paper presents a large-scale modeling study characterizing fluid flow and tracer transport in the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential repository site for storing high-level radioactive waste. The study has been conducted using a three-dimensional numerical model, which incorporates a wide variety of field data and takes into account the coupled processes of flow and transport in the highly heterogeneous, unsaturated fractured porous rock. The modeling approach is based on a dual-continuum formulation of coupled multiphase fluid and tracer transport through fractured porous rock. Various scenarios of current and future climate conditions and their effects on the unsaturated zone are evaluated to aid in the assessment of the proposed repository's system performance using different conceptual models. These models are calibrated against field-measured data. Model-predicted flow and transport processes under current and future climates are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 247 AR PII S0169-7711(01)00179-6 DI 10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00179-6 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 524WZ UT WOS:000174037000003 PM 11900329 ER PT J AU Trivedi, R Park, JS AF Trivedi, R Park, JS TI Dynamics of microstructure formation in the two-phase region of peritectic systems SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE convection; crystal morphology; directional solidification; nucleation; Bridgman technique; metals ID DIRECTIONAL-SOLIDIFICATION; ALLOYS AB Directional solidification experiments have been carried out in the two-phase region of the Sn-Cd peritectic system. A variety of different microstructures have been shown to form under intrinsically non-steady-state growth conditions in both the hyperperitectic and hypoperitectic compositions. The selection of microstructure is shown to be governed by the relative effects of convection, nucleation undercooling, nucleation rate and the growth competition between the two phases. Convection effects have been found to give significantly different microstructures than those predicted by the diffusive growth models. Experiments are thus carried out in samples of different diameters in which convection effects are shown to be reduced as the diameter of the sample is decreased. It is shown that diffusive growth condition is achieved in this alloy system when the sample diameter is <1.0 mm. Experimental studies are then carried out in hypoperitectic alloys in a composition range for which banded microstructures have been predicted by the diffusive growth model. This composition window is established experimentally, and the values of nucleation Undercoolings of the primary and peritectic phase have been obtained. The experiments also confirmed the prediction of the model that the banding cycle occurs above and below the peritectic temperature and bands of primary and peritectic phases form by the alternate nucleation and lateral spreading of one phase onto the other. It is also found that when the sample diameter is reduced further, or growth conditions changed, several new dynamical oscillatory microstructures evolve and the formation of these nlicrostructures is shown to be controlled by the competitive growth processes between the nuclei and the parent phase. This competitive growth is shown to be influenced by the distance between the nuclei or the nucleation rate. It is shown that the directional solidification of peritectic alloys provides a means to quantitatively study the complex process of dynamical evolution of two-phase microstructures in which fluid flow, nucleation undercoolings, nucleation rates of the two phases and the competitive growth of the two phases control the evolution of complex two-phase microstructures. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, 100 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Park, Jang Sik/C-3719-2009 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB PY 2002 VL 235 IS 1-4 BP 572 EP 588 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(01)01803-6 PG 17 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 519TY UT WOS:000173742600088 ER PT J AU Haarmann, T Spivak, M Weaver, D Weaver, B Glenn, T AF Haarmann, T Spivak, M Weaver, D Weaver, B Glenn, T TI Effects of fluvalinate and Coumaphos on queen honey bees (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in two commercial queen rearing operations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; honey bee; Varroa destructor; varroa mite; coumaphos; fluvalinate ID COLONY; CONTAMINATION; PRODUCTS AB We conducted research on the potential impacts of fluvalinate and coumaphos on honey bee, Apis mellifera L., queen viability and health. Queens were reared in colonies that had been treated with differing amounts of both fluvalinate and coumaphos. Pre- and posttreatment samples of both wax and bees were collected from all of the colonies and analyzed for total concentrations of fluvalinate and coumaphos. All queens were measured for queen weight, ovarial weight, and number of sperm in the spermathecae. The queens treated with high doses of fluvalinate weighed significantly less than low-dose or control queens, but otherwise appeared to develop normally. The highest fluvalinate concentrations were observed in the wax and queen cells of the high-dose group. The developing queens in colonies treated with as little as one coumaphos-impregnated strip for more than 24 h suffered a high mortality rate. Several of the queens showed sublethal effects from the coumaphos, including physical abnormalities and atypical behavior. The queens exposed to coumaphos weighed significantly less and had lower ovary weights than the control group queens. The highest coumaphos concentrations were observed in the queen cells and wax of the high-dose groups. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. B Weaver Apiaries, Navasota, TX 77868 USA. Glenn Apiaries, Fallbrook, CA 92088 USA. RP Haarmann, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M887, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 95 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1603/0022-0493-95.1.28 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BQ UT WOS:000178371100004 PM 11942761 ER PT J AU Gist, DH Dawes, SM Turner, TW Sheldon, S Congdon, JD AF Gist, DH Dawes, SM Turner, TW Sheldon, S Congdon, JD TI Sperm storage in turtles: A male perspective SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Congress on Zoology CY AUG 27-SEP 02, 2000 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; GOPHERUS-POLYPHEMUS; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; MOTILITY; OVIDUCT; LIZARD; EPIDIDYMIS; DURATION; TORTOISE AB The storage and behavior of sperm collected from the epididymis of two emyiid turtles were examined. In Chrysemys picta, the weight of the epididymis does not change significantly throughout the year as does the testis. However, in this species, as well as in Trachemys scripta, the epididymis contains sperm throughout the entire year. Sperm from both species have a relatively low motility and velocity of movement. In C. picta, equally low motilities are observed both in the autumn, shortly after spermiation, and in spring. Motility could be augmented by the addition of isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX, 0.5 mmol l(-1)). Epididymal sperm remained viable in excess of 40 days in vitro when stored in F-10 buffer, during which time motility and swimming velocity could be augmented with IBMX. The longevity and low motility of turtle sperm facilitates its storage by either males or females, and creates conditions that promote the wide dissemination, over time, of gametes produced in a narrow time window. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NIOSH, Expt Toxicol Branch, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Gist, DH (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, POB 210006, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL JI J. Exp. Zool. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 292 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1002/jez.1153 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 508PB UT WOS:000173096700007 PM 11754033 ER PT J AU Crooker, NU Gosling, JT Kahler, SW AF Crooker, NU Gosling, JT Kahler, SW TI Reducing heliospheric magnetic flux from coronal mass ejections without disconnection SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coronal mass ejections; magnetic flux catastrophe; heliospheric magnetic flux ID HIGH HELIOGRAPHIC LATITUDES; SOLAR-WIND; FIELD; EVENTS; RECONNECTION; ELECTRONS; SUN; TOPOLOGY; CLOUD; CANCELLATION AB [1] Until 1995, disconnection at the Sun was thought to be the only solution to the problem of balancing the magnetic flux coronal mass ejections (CMEs) added to the heliosphere, in spite of the fact that the expected solar wind signature of disconnection was rare. Disconnection was pictured as merging between open field lines to create completely disconnected U-shaped structures or merging between closed field lines to create, in two dimensions, completely disconnected plasmoids. Since 1995, both theoretical and observational studies have made important contributions toward a revision of this solution. On the basis of a synthesis of these studies, we suggest that the primary flux balancing mechanism is not complete disconnection but rather merging between closed and open fields, which we call "interchange reconnection.'' Disconnection on closed fields plays a role but, in three dimensions, only as a partial process that prevents expansion of arcade loops into the heliosphere by creating helical fields still connected to the Sun. We suggest that interchange reconnection occurs in the leg of a CME until it is completely open, long after its leading edge has departed from the vicinity of the Sun, and we discuss preliminary findings from Ulysses testing this view. Further, we suggest that interchange reconnection in CMEs may be driven by the large-scale circulation of open field lines required by the Fisk model. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Crooker, NU (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM crooker@bu.edu NR 36 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS A2 AR 1028 DI 10.1029/2001JA000236 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 609MF UT WOS:000178907600005 ER PT J AU Greiner, M Fischer, PF Tufo, HM Wirtz, RA AF Greiner, M Fischer, PF Tufo, HM Wirtz, RA TI Three-dimensional simulations of enhanced heat transfer in a flat passage downstream from a grooved channel SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE augmentation; computational; forced convection; heat transfer; three-dimensional ID FLOW DESTABILIZATION; PRESSURE-DROP; FREE-STREAM; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT AB Spectral element simulations of three-dimensional flow and augmented convection in a flat passage downstream from a fully developed channel with symmetric, transverse grooves on opposite walls were performed for 405less than or equal toReless than or equal to764. Unsteady flow that develops in the grooved region persists several groove-lengths into the flat passage, increasing both local heat transfer and pressure gradient relative to that in a steady flat passage. Moreover: the heat transfer for a given pumping power in the first three groove-lengths of the flat passage was greater than the levels observed in a fully developed grooved passage. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60637 USA. RP Greiner, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1115/1.1418371 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 557PN UT WOS:000175917100018 ER PT J AU Greensite, J Thorn, CB AF Greensite, J Thorn, CB TI Gluon chain model of the confining force SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE nonperturbative effects; 1/N expansion; confinement; QCD ID STRING FORMATION; MONTE-CARLO; QCD; CONFINEMENT; TENSION; GAUGE AB We develop a picture of the QCD string as a chain of constituent gluons, bound by attractive nearest-neighbor forces which may be treated perturbatively. This picture accounts for both Casimir scaling at large N-c, and the asymptotic center dependence of the static quark potential. We discuss the relevance, to the gluon-chain picture, of recent three-loop results for the static quark potential. A variational framework is presented for computing the minimal energy and wavefunction of a long gluon chain, which enables us to derive both the logarithmic broadening of the QCD flux tube ("roughening"), and the existence of a Luuscher -c/R term in the potential. C1 San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Greensite, J (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM greensit@quark.sfsu.edu; thorn@phys.ufl.edu NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 IS 2 AR 014 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 537QZ UT WOS:000174771800014 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, TG TI Black hole production at the LHC: erects of Voloshin suppression SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; black holes; beyond standard model; hadronic colliders ID PARTICLE COLLISIONS; MILLIMETER; DIMENSIONS; HIERARCHY AB We examine the rates for the production of black holes(BH) at the LHC in light of the exponential suppression of the geometric cross section estimate recently proposed by Voloshin. We show that the resulting production rates will still be quite large over a reasonably wide range of model parameters. While BH production may no longer be the dominant collider process, its unique signature will ensure observability over more conventional backgrounds. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM rizzo@SLAC.Stanford.EDU NR 28 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 IS 2 AR 011 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 537QZ UT WOS:000174771800011 ER PT J AU Son, DT AF Son, DT TI Magnetic permeability of near-critical 3d abelian Higgs model and duality SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in lower dimensions; thermal field theory ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL; ORDER; QCD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DENSITY; FIELD AB The three-dimensional abelian Higgs model has been argued to be dual to a scalar field theory with a global U(1) symmetry. We show that this duality, together with the scaling and universality hypotheses, implies a scaling law for the magnetic permeablity chi(m) near the line of second order phase transition: chi(m) similar to(tnu), where t is the deviation from the critical line and nu approximate to 0:67 is a critical exponent of the O(2) universality class. We also show that exactly on the critical lines, the dependence of magnetic induction on external magnetic field is quadratic, with a proportionality coefficient depending only on the gauge coupling. These predictions provide a way for testing the duality conjecture on the lattice in the Coulomb phase and at the phase transion. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, New York, NY 11973 USA. RP Son, DT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM son@phys.columbia.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 IS 2 AR 023 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 537QZ UT WOS:000174771800023 ER PT J AU Hill, LMR George, GN Duhme-Klair, AK Young, CG AF Hill, LMR George, GN Duhme-Klair, AK Young, CG TI Solution structural studies of molybdate-nucleotide polyanions SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE molybdate-nucleotide interactions pentamolybdodiphosphates; 5 '- and 3 '-nucleotide monophosphates; extended X-ray absorption fine structure; nuclear magnetic resonance ID COORDINATED PENTAMOLYBDODIPHOSPHATE ANIONS; POLYOXOMETALATE-DIPHOSPHATE COMPLEXES; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MULTICOMPONENT POLYANIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACIDIC SOLUTION; MECHANISM; MOLYBDOPHOSPHATES AB The complexation of molybdate with the nucleotides adenosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-AMP), adenosine-3'-monophosphate (3'-AMP) and guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) has been investigated by H-1 and P-31 NMR and Mo K-edge X-ray absorption near edge (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Acidification of aqueous solutions containing molybdate and each of the nucleotides resulted in the formation of a single species characterized by H-1 resonances which are deshielded relative to those of free nucleotide. Analysis of the two-component systems indicated a Mo/nucleotide ratio of 2.5:1 for the complexation species. White compounds, characterized as Na-2[Mo5O15(HB)(2)] (B = 5'-AMP, 5'-GMP), have been isolated from the acidified molybdate/H2B solutions. Dissolution in D2O replicates the NMR spectra of the solution species observed prior to precipitation. Solution and solid state Mo K-edge XAS and EXAFS spectroscopy of Na-2[Mo5O15(HAMP),] and Na-6[Mo5O15(PO4)(2)] provide convincing evidence for the presence of a pentamolybdodiphosphate core in the molybdate-nucleotide complexes in both the solid and solution states. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Young, CG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 59 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 88 IS 3-4 BP 274 EP 283 AR PII S0162-0134(01)00384-1 DI 10.1016/S0162-0134(01)00384-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 547EF UT WOS:000175319500007 PM 11897341 ER PT J AU Redmond, J Main, J AF Redmond, J Main, J TI Special issue on the 2000 Adaptive Structures and Material Systems Symposium - Preface SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Redmond, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2-3 BP 73 EP 73 DI 10.1106/104538902028838 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 633HC UT WOS:000180275900001 ER PT J AU Lim, KH Charpentier, T Pines, A AF Lim, KH Charpentier, T Pines, A TI Efficient triple-quantum excitation in modified RIACT MQMAS NMR for I=3/2 nuclei SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR SPINS; MQ-MAS NMR; SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT; PULSE EXCITATION; SPIN-5/2 NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; AL-27; NA-23; COHERENCE AB A new approach involving the creation of triple-quantum (TQ) coherences from both TQ and central transitions (CT) is investigated, in order to enhance the efficiency of triple-quantum excitation for I = 3/2 nuclei. The RIACT excitation scheme, a soft pi/2 and hard spin-locking pulse, is shown to induce both adiabatic coherence transfer between CT and TQ coherences and TQ nutation. By combining the RIACT scheme with the presaturation of the satellite transitions, a significant improvement in the TQ excitation can be achieved mainly through enhanced CT polarization via the RIACT mechanism, in particular for nuclei with moderate to large quadrupole coupling constants (greater than or equal to2.0 MHz). There also exists a nontrivial contribution from the TQ transition, which depends on the size of the quadrupole interaction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Chim Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Charpentier, Thibault/A-3557-2010 OI Charpentier, Thibault/0000-0002-3034-1389 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 154 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1006/jmre.2001.2471 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 527MF UT WOS:000174189300005 PM 11846577 ER PT J AU Suter, A Pelekhov, DV Roukes, ML Hammel, PC AF Suter, A Pelekhov, DV Roukes, ML Hammel, PC TI Probe-sample coupling in the magnetic resonance force microscope SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE MRFM, magnetic resonance force microscope; sensitive slice; scanned probe microscopy ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MECHANICAL DETECTION; NORMAL-PRESSURE; NMR; TEMPERATURE AB The magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM) provides a route to achieving scanned probe magnetic resonance imaging with extremely high spatial resolution. Achieving this capability will require understanding the force exerted on a microscopic magnetic probe by a spatially extended sample over which the probe is scanned. Here we present a detailed analysis of this interaction between probe and sample. We focus on understanding the situation where the micromagnet mounted on the mechanical resonator generates a very inhomogeneous magnetic field and is scanned over a sample with at least one spatial dimension much larger than that of the micromagnet. This situation differs quite significantly from the conditions under which most MRFM experiments have been carried out where the sample is mounted on the mechanical resonator and placed in a rather weak magnetic field gradient. In addition to the concept of a sensitive slice (the spatial region where the magnetic resonance condition is met) it is valuable to map the forces exerted on the probe by spins at various locations; this leads to the concept of the force slice (the region in which spins exert force on the resonator). Results of this analysis, obtained both analytically and numerically, will be qualitatively compared with an initial experimental finding from an EPR-MRFM experiment carried out on DPPH at 4 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Suter, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Roukes, Michael/E-9787-2010; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 154 IS 2 BP 210 EP 227 DI 10.1006/jmre.2001.2472 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 527MF UT WOS:000174189300007 PM 11846579 ER PT J AU Minard, KR Wind, RA AF Minard, KR Wind, RA TI Picoliter H-1 NMR spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE picoliter H-1 NMR; microscopy; CSI; SNR; microcoil ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; MICROCOILS; MRS AB In this study, a 267-mum-diameter solenoid transceiver is used to acquire localized H-1 NMR spectra and the measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 500 MHz is shown to be within 20-30% of theoretical limits formulated by considering only its resistive losses. This is illustrated using a 100-mum-diameter globule of triacylglycerols (similar to900 mM) that may be an oocyte precursor in young Xenopus laevis frogs and a water sample containing choline at a concentration often found in live mammalian cells (similar to33 mM). In chemical shift imaging (CSI) experiments performed using a few thousand total scans, the choline methyl line is shown to have an acceptable SNR in resolved volume elements containing only 50 pL of sample, and localized spectra are resolved from just 5 pL in the Xenopus globule. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of performing H-1 NMR on picoliter-scale sample volumes in biological cells and tissues and illustrate how the achieved SNR in spectroscopic images can be predicted with reasonable accuracy at microscopic spatial resolutions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Minard, KR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 154 IS 2 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1006/jmre.2001.2494 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 527MF UT WOS:000174189300021 PM 11846593 ER PT J AU Kohler, M Zweck, J Bayreuther, G Fischer, P Schutz, G Denbeaux, G Attwood, D AF Kohler, M Zweck, J Bayreuther, G Fischer, P Schutz, G Denbeaux, G Attwood, D TI Micromagnetic investigation of sub-100-nm magnetic domains in atomically stacked Fe(001)/Au(001) multilayers SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sonderforsch Bereich 491, Heraeus Stift, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, European Phys Soc, European Phys Soc, E W Task Force, Ruhr Univ Bochurm, Aixtron AG, CrysTee GmbH, IBM Deutschland GmbH, Infineon Technologies, Lambertz GmbH, LOT Oriel Grp, Mateck GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum AG, Pink Vakuumtechnik GmbH, Quantum Design, Raith GmbH DE ordered alloy; anisotropy-uniaxial; micromagnetism; labyrinth pattern ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Continuous films and nanostructures of atomically stacked epitaxial Fe(0 0 1)/Au(0 0 1) multilayers have been studied by soft X-ray and Lorentz microscopy as well as micromagnetic simulations. Domain imaging shows about 65 nm wide magnetic stripe domains, in which the magnetization is oriented perpendicular to the film plane. These results are confirmed by micromagnetic simulations, which also yield additional information about the internal structure of domains and walls. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Exp & Angew Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Univ Wurzburg, Lehrst Exp Phys 4, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MSXO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kohler, M (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Inst Exp & Angew Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 240 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 82 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00750-8 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00750-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 555VL UT WOS:000175813900023 ER PT J AU Kortright, JB Hellwig, O Margulies, DT Fullerton, EE AF Kortright, JB Hellwig, O Margulies, DT Fullerton, EE TI Resolving magnetic and chemical correlations in CoPtCr films using soft X-ray resonant scattering SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sonderforsch Bereich 491, Heraeus Stift, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, European Phys Soc, European Phys Soc, E W Task Force, Ruhr Univ Bochurm, Aixtron AG, CrysTee GmbH, IBM Deutschland GmbH, Infineon Technologies, Lambertz GmbH, LOT Oriel Grp, Mateck GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum AG, Pink Vakuumtechnik GmbH, Quantum Design, Raith GmbH DE magnetic recording media; magnetic structure; grain size; X-ray scattering; core levels ID FE AB Resonant small-angle scattering at the 2p levels of 3d transition elements strongly enhances scattering from both magnetic and chemical structure in the plane of thin films, as recently demonstrated for Co/Pt multilayers having perpendicular anisotropy. Here this resonant enhancement is demonstrated for CoPtCr films having in-plane magnetic anisotropy. A simple formalism describing the spectral dependence of the kinematical scattering provides a means to distinguish between magnetic and charge scattering and to probe the chemical segregation processes yielding charge scattering, thereby providing new information about this structure. It is found that correlation lengths of magnetic scattering are roughly 5 times larger than those for chemical scattering in the as-deposited CoPtCr film studied, consistent with significant exchange-coupling between polycrystalline grains. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Kortright, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 240 IS 1-3 BP 325 EP 330 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00787-9 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00787-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 555VL UT WOS:000175813900096 ER PT J AU Maletta, H Rehm, C Klose, F Fieber-Erdmann, M Holub-Krappe, E AF Maletta, H Rehm, C Klose, F Fieber-Erdmann, M Holub-Krappe, E TI Anomalous effects of hydrogen absorption in Nb films SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sonderforsch Bereich 491, Heraeus Stift, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, European Phys Soc, European Phys Soc, E W Task Force, Ruhr Univ Bochurm, Aixtron AG, CrysTee GmbH, IBM Deutschland GmbH, Infineon Technologies, Lambertz GmbH, LOT Oriel Grp, Mateck GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum AG, Pink Vakuumtechnik GmbH, Quantum Design, Raith GmbH DE thin films; hydrogen absorption; reflectometry; EXAFS ID NB(110) FILMS; IN-SITU; MULTILAYERS AB Hydrogen absorption in Nb films of epitaxial W/Nb and polycrystalline Fe/Nb multilayers was explored in-situ by small-angle neutron/X-ray reflectometry, high-angle diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Besides the hydrogen-induced Nb lattice expansion, the experiments reveal a second, unexpected and macroscopic effect: The considerably larger relative expansion of the Nb film thickness, which is interpreted as a rearrangement of Nb lattice planes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Dept SF2, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, SNS Project, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maletta, H (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Dept SF2, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 240 IS 1-3 BP 475 EP 477 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00905-2 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00905-2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 555VL UT WOS:000175813900144 ER PT J AU Ruckert, T Keune, W Sturhahn, W Alp, EE AF Ruckert, T Keune, W Sturhahn, W Alp, EE TI Phonon density of states in Tb/Fe multilayers SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Sonderforsch Bereich 491, Heraeus Stift, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, European Phys Soc, European Phys Soc, E W Task Force, Ruhr Univ Bochurm, Aixtron AG, CrysTee GmbH, IBM Deutschland GmbH, Infineon Technologies, Lambertz GmbH, LOT Oriel Grp, Mateck GmbH, Pfeiffer Vacuum AG, Pink Vakuumtechnik GmbH, Quantum Design, Raith GmbH DE magnetic multilayers; phonon; density of states; synchrotron radiation; Mossbauer effect ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FILMS AB Nuclear resonance inelastic X-ray scattering of synchrotron radiation at the 14,4125 keV nuclear resonance of Fe-57 was used for the direct measurement of the Fe-projected phonon or vibrational density of states (VDOS) of nanoscale Tb/Fe multilayers (MLs) with various layer thicknesses (t(Tb)= 14-50 Angstrom, t(Fe)= 10-50 Angstrom). The VDOS was found to be a sensitive probe for the amorphous-to-crystalline structural transition of Fe that occurs in these MLs with increasing Fe layer thickness near t(Tb) approximate to 25 Angstrom. These results are confirmed by Fe-57 conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gerhard Mercator Univ, Lab Angewandte Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keune, W (reprint author), Gerhard Mercator Univ, Lab Angewandte Phys, Lotharstr 65, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 240 IS 1-3 BP 562 EP 564 AR PII S0304-8853(01)00873-3 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00873-3 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 555VL UT WOS:000175813900171 ER PT J AU Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Weber, WJ TI Atomic-scale simulations of multiple ion-solid interactions and structural evolution in silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; SIC SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS TRANSITION; CERAMICS AB Molecular dynamics (MD) were employed in atomic-level simulations of fundamental damage production processes due to multiple ion-solid collision events in cubic SiC. Isolated collision cascades produce single interstitials, vacancies, antisite defects, and small defect clusters. As the number of cascades (or equivalent dose) increases, the concentration of defects increases. and the collision cascades begin to overlap. The coalescence of defects and clusters with increasing dose is an important mechanism leading to amorphization in SiC and is consistent with the homogeneous amorphization process observed experimentally in SiC. The driving force for the crystalline-amorphous (c-a) transition is the accumulation of both interstitials and antisite defects. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the defect accumulation process and loss of long-range order in the MD simulation cell are consistent with experimental HRTEM images and disorder measurements. Thus, the MD simulations provide atomic-level insights into the interpretation of experimentally observed features associated with multiple ion-solid collision events in SiC. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0035 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 519MV UT WOS:000173730800001 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, CM Zhang, Y AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, CM Zhang, Y TI Disordering behavior and helium diffusion in He+ irradiated 6H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INDUCED AMORPHIZATION AB Single-crystal 6H-SiC wafers were irradiated at 300 K with 50 keV He+ ions to fluences ranging from 7.5 to 250 He+/nm(2). Ion-channeling experiments with 2.0 MeV He+ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were performed to determine the depth profile of Si disorder. The measured profiles are consistent with SRIM-97 simulations at and below 45 He+/nm(2) but higher than the SRIM-97 prediction at both 100 and 150 He+/nm(2). Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy study indicated that the volume expansion of the material is not significant at intermediate damage levels. Results from elastic recoil detection analysis suggested that the implanted He atoms diffuse in a high-damage regime toward the surface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0038 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 519MV UT WOS:000173730800004 ER PT J AU He, DW Akaishi, M Scott, BL AF He, DW Akaishi, M Scott, BL TI Growth of boron suboxide crystals in the B-B2O3 system at high pressure and high temperature SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID B6O AB B6O crystal growth from the B-B2O3 system was investigated at 1700-2200 degreesC and 4.5-6.5 GPa by using two different sample assemblies. Single B6O crystals over 100 pm in size have been synthesized at 5.5 GPa and 2100 degreesC. This makes it possible to study the properties of this interesting material. The factors affecting the B6O crystal morphology, size, color, and growth process were discussed. The solubility of B6O in B2O3 flux was estimated at 5.5 GPa and different temperatures. On the basis of the experimental results, we suggest two methods to grow large B6O crystals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. AML NIMS, Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. AML NIMS, Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, MS-H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1557/JMR.2002.0041 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 519MV UT WOS:000173730800007 ER PT J AU Rawers, J Iverson, L Collins, K AF Rawers, J Iverson, L Collins, K TI Initial stages of coal slag interaction with high chromia sesquioxide refractories SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Slagging coal gasifiers operate at temperatures as high as 1650degreesC in a reducing environment, requiring combustion chambers to be lined with refractories. The liner materials of choice are semi-porous high chromia refractories. Recently, a new series of high-chromia aluminia sesquioxide refractories have been developed. Both long term and short term tests are being conducted to evaluate the performance of these materials. In this study, the initial stage of slag-refractory interactions was analyzed. Samples of gasifier slag were compacted and placed upon the surface of these new chromia refractories and the temperature was raised consistent with start-up operating conditions of commercial gasifiers. The slag was completely molten by the time the furnace achieved a temperature consistent with gasifier operation conditions: 1350degreesC. Measurement of the slag contact angle, slag spread along the slag-refractory interface, and the loss of slag due to slag infusion into the refractory were monitored by camera. Analysis suggests a single phenomenon with an activation energy of approximately 54 kcal may be the controlling factor. Cross-section analysis of the sample and analysis of slag chemistry indicate that slag infusion preceded the slag-refractory interface front movement and that the iron component of the slag was becoming concentrated at the slag-refractory interface leading to the formation of a chromium-iron spinel phase. Results of these short term tests are critical in characterizing and understanding the results long term slag-refractory interactions. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1023/A:1013765523593 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 511NT UT WOS:000173271000010 ER PT J AU Taranenko, NI Hurt, R Zhou, JZ Isola, NR Huang, H Lee, SH Chen, CH AF Taranenko, NI Hurt, R Zhou, JZ Isola, NR Huang, H Lee, SH Chen, CH TI Laser desorption mass spectrometry for microbial DNA analysis SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on the Interface between Analytical Chemistry and Microbiology CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL BRETAGNE, FRANCE DE matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; 16S rDNA; time-of-flight mass spectrometry ID MATRIX; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MUTATION AB Recently, we demonstrated that a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) can be used to determine the molecular weight of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of intact 16S rRNIA regions and to profile their restriction digests. This is the first time that MALDI-TOF MS with ultraviolet (UV) photoionization has been used to analyze a PCR product of similar to 1600 nucleotides in length. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taranenko, NI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00314-1 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 515FC UT WOS:000173483900002 PM 11777560 ER PT J AU White, DC Lytle, CA Gan, YDM Piceno, YM Wimpee, MH Peacock, AD Smith, CA AF White, DC Lytle, CA Gan, YDM Piceno, YM Wimpee, MH Peacock, AD Smith, CA TI Flash detection/identification of pathogens, bacterial spores and bioterrorism agent biomarkers from clinical and environmental matrices SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on the Interface between Analytical Chemistry and Microbiology CY JUN 04-08, 2000 CL BRETAGNE, FRANCE DE flash extraction; pathogen; lipid biomarkers ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS; CHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; BIODIVERSITY; EXTRACTION; BIOFILMS; BIOMASS AB We propose to develop an integrated rapid, semiportable, prototype point microbial detection/identification system for clinical specimens that is also capable of differentiating microbial bioterrorism attacks from threats or hoaxes by defining the pathogen. The system utilizes "flash" extraction/analytical system capable of detection/identification of microbes from environmental and clinical matrices. The system couples demonstrated technologies to provide quantitative analysis of lipid biomarkers of microbes including spores in a system with near-single cell (amol/mul) sensitivity. Tandem mass spectrometry increases specificity by providing the molecular structure of neutral lipids, phospholipids, and derivatized spore-specific bacterial biomarker, 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) as well as the lipopolysaccharide-amide-linked hydroxy-fatty acids (LPS-ALHFA) of Gram-negative bacteria. The extraction should take about an hour for each sample but multiple samples can be processed simultaneously. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37983 USA. Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN 37853 USA. RP White, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RI Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00318-9 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 515FC UT WOS:000173483900006 PM 11777564 ER PT J AU Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ McMillan, PF AF Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ McMillan, PF TI A neutron diffraction study of yttrium- and lanthanum-aluminate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID PHASE-TRANSITION; 2 AMORPHOUS PHASES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AL-27 MAS-NMR; HIGH-PRESSURE; 1ST-ORDER TRANSITION; TRIPHENYL PHOSPHITE; YAG; ALUMINOSILICATE; OXIDE AB Neutron diffraction data for three aluminate glasses have been collected for a range of scattering vector from 0.3 to 25 I. A single phase glass, representing the high-density glass polymorph of yttrium-aluminate (AY25) composition has a structure resembling that of levitated YAG liquid. This glass has a first-neighbor Al-O distance of 1.82 Angstrom and a first-shell coordination number of 4.16 +/- 0.21. The Y-O distance is represented by a single Gaussian peak centered at 2.28 Angstrom which yields a first-neighbor coordination number of 6.64 +/- 0.33. These values indicate an increase in volume on melting of YAG solid solution. An equivalent lanthanum-aluminate glass (La25), also produced from the stable high-temperature aluminate liquid, has an Al-O distance of 1.79 Angstrom and a coordination number of 4.55 +/- 0.23. The La-O distance is increased due to an increase in ionic radius for La(III). The magnitude of this La-O peak is lower than expected and there is evidence for a second La-O distance at 2.79 Angstrom. The T(r) for the lanthanum-aluminate glass shows stronger features than the yttriurn-aluminate glass at radial distances greater than 3 A; these suggest a higher degree of order in the lanthanum-aluminate liquid. A two-phase yttrium-aluminate (AY20) glass, which represents a partly complete transition between a high-density liquid and a lower density polymorph, has an Al-O distance of 1.81 Angstrom and a mean Al-O coordination number of 4.38 +/- 0.22. There is an increase in the Y-O radial distance on transition and also additional mid-range ordering. This mid-structure is similar to that seen in the La25 glass. The data show that rare earth aluminate liquids are dominated by a tetrahedral aluminate framework and that the liquid-liquid (transition) in the yttrium-aluminate liquids results from differences in packing among AlO(4) and Y-O polyhedra and not from a change in the mean Al-0 coordination number, (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London, England. Royal Institut Great Britain, Davy Faraday Lab, London, England. RP Wilding, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mcwilding@ucdavis.edu OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 62 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 155 AR PII S0022-3093(01)00933-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00933-4 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 522JG UT WOS:000173892400005 ER PT J AU Park, B Li, H Corrales, LR AF Park, B Li, H Corrales, LR TI Molecular dynamics simulation of La2O3-Na2O-SiO2 glasses. I. The structural role of La3+ cations SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID LANTHANUM SILICATE-GLASSES; GROUP-III IONS; COORDINATION ENVIRONMENTS; SYSTEM K2O-SIO2-LA2O3; PHASE-SEPARATION; SODIUM; RELAXATION; SPECTRA AB It is well known that high-field strength rare-earth (RE) ions in the silicate glasses tend to cluster regardless of their concentration. Numerous experimental studies have been carried out, but the ability to discern structural information at the atomic-level strongly depends on providing accurate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this work, the short- and medium-range order of La ion in soda silicate glasses is investigated by MID computer simulations. The glass mixtures used in these MID simulations are the same as those of a recent NMR study. Results of this study are in excellent agreement with the NMR results, It is found that the La cation has an average co-ordination of 6.5 O atoms with an average bond length fitted to be about 0.25 nm. The La is found to behave as a network modifier, and competes with sodium for non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms. In addition, the extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS) and neutron diffraction patterns are predicted from the MID simulations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999 K8-91 902 Batelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 297 IS 2-3 BP 220 EP 238 AR PII S0022-3093(01)00935-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00935-8 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 522JG UT WOS:000173892400012 ER PT J AU Causey, RA AF Causey, RA TI Hydrogen isotope retention and recycling in fusion reactor plasma-facing components SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID BULK-BORONIZED GRAPHITES; THIN HYDROCARBON FILMS; HIGH-PURITY BERYLLIUM; CARBON-FILMS; DEUTERIUM RETENTION; TRITIUM RETENTION; LIQUID LITHIUM; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; THERMAL-DESORPTION; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE AB The proper design of a fusion reactor is not possible unless there is an understanding of the hydrogen isotope retention and recycling for the plasma-facing components. From the tritium inventory point of view, it is absolutely necessary to understand the short-term and long-term hydrogen isotopes retention characteristics of the individual materials used for the first wall and divertor. From the plasma density and fueling point of view, it is necessary to understand the recycling characteristics of these materials. This report is an overview of the available data on hydrogen isotope retention and recycling for beryllium, tungsten, carbon, and selected liquid metals. For each material discussed, recommendations are made as to the most appropriate values to use for parameters such as diffusivity, solubility, recombination rate coefficient, and trapping. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Causey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9402,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM causey@ca.sandia.gov NR 161 TC 242 Z9 244 U1 6 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2-3 BP 91 EP 117 AR PII S0022-3115(01)00732-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00732-2 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522NK UT WOS:000173903300001 ER PT J AU Was, GS Busby, JT Allen, T Kenik, EA Jenssen, A Bruemmer, SM Gan, J Edwards, AD Scott, PM AF Was, GS Busby, JT Allen, T Kenik, EA Jenssen, A Bruemmer, SM Gan, J Edwards, AD Scott, PM TI Emulation of neutron irradiation effects with protons: validation of principle SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CHARGED-PARTICLE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION; BEHAVIOR AB This paper presents the results of the irradiation, characterization and irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) behavior of proton- and neutron-irradiated samples of 304SS and 316SS from the same heats. The objective of the study was to determine whether proton irradiation does indeed emulate the full range of effects of in-reactor neutron irradiation: radiation-induced segregation (RIS), irradiated microstructure, radiation hardening and IASCC susceptibility. The work focused on commercial heats of 304 stainless steel (heat 13) and 316 stainless steel (heat P). Irradiation with protons was conducted at 360 degreesC to doses between 0.3 and 5.0 dpa to approximate those by neutron irradiation at 275 degreesC over the same dose range. Characterization consisted of grain boundary microchemistry, dislocation loop microstructure, hardness as well as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of both un-irradiated and irradiated samples in oxygenated and de-oxygenated water environments at 288 degreesC. Overall, microchemistry, microstructure, hardening and SCC behavior of proton- and neutron-irradiated samples were in excellent agreement. RIS analysis showed that in both heats and for both irradiating particles, the pre-existing grain boundary Cr enrichment transformed into a W shaped profile at 1.0 dpa and then into a 'V' shaped profile between 3.0 and 5.0 dpa. Grain boundary segregation of Cr. Ni, Si, and Mo all followed the same trends and agreed well in magnitude. The microstructure of both proton- and neutron-irradiated samples was dominated by small, faulted dislocation loops, Loop size distributions were nearly identical in both heats over a range of doses. Saturated loop size following neutron irradiation was about 30% larger than that following proton irradiation. Loop density increased with dose through 5.0 dpa for both particle irradiations and was a factor of 3 greater in neutron-irradiated samples vs. proton-irradiated samples. Grain boundary denuded zones were only observed in neutron-irradiated samples. No cavities were observed for either irradiating particle. For both irradiating particles, hardening increased with dose for both heats, showing a more rapid increase and approach to saturation for heat B. In normal oxygenated water chemistry (NWC) at 288 degreesC, stress corrosion cracking in the 304 alloy was first observed at about 1.0 dpa and increased with dose. The 316 alloy was remarkably resistant to IASCC for both particle types. In hydrogen treated, de-oxygenated water (HWC), proton-irradiated samples of the 304 alloy exhibited IG cracking at 1.0 dpa compared to about 3.0 dpa for neutron-irradiated samples, although differences in specimen geometry, test condition and test duration can account for this difference. Cracking in heat P in HWC occurred at about 5.0 dpa for both irradiating particles. Thus, in all aspects of radiation effects, including grain boundary microchemistry, dislocation loop microstructure, radiation hardening and SCC behavior, proton-irradiation results were in good agreement with neutron-irradiation results, providing validation of the premise that the totality of neutron-irradiation effects can be emulated by proton irradiation of appropriate energy. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Coll Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Studsvik Nucl AM, SE-61182 Nykoping, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Framatome France, F-92084 Paris, France. Gen Elect, Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. RP Was, GS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Coll Engn, 1921 Cooley Bldg,2355 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259 NR 54 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 6 U2 68 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2-3 BP 198 EP 216 AR PII S0022-3115(01)00751-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00751-6 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522NK UT WOS:000173903300009 ER PT J AU Meldrum, A Boatner, LA Weber, WJ Ewing, RC AF Meldrum, A Boatner, LA Weber, WJ Ewing, RC TI Amorphization and recrystallization of the ABO(3) oxides SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ION-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; IN-SITU; BARIUM-TITANATE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; EPITAXIAL RECRYSTALLIZATION; CERAMIC MATERIALS; HE+ IMPLANTATION AB Single crystals of the ABO(3) phases CaTiO(3), SrTiO(3), BaTiO(3), LiNbO(3), KNbO(3), LiTaO(3), and KTaO(3) were irradiated by 800 keV Kr(+), Xe(+), or Ne(+) ions over the temperature range from 20 to 1100 K. The critical amorphization temperature, T(c), above which radiation-induced amorphization does not occur varied from approximately similar to450 K for the titanate compositions to more than 850 K for the tantalates, While the absolute ranking of increasing critical amorphization temperatures could not be explained by any simple physical parameter associated with the ABO(3) oxides, within each chemical group defined by the B-site cation (i.e., within the titanates, niobates, and tantalates), T(c) tends to increase with increasing mass of the A-site cation. T(c) was lower for the Ne(+) irradiations as compared to Kr(+), but it was approximately the same for the irradiations with Kr(+) or Xe(+). Thermal recrystallization experiments were performed on the ion-beam-amorphized thin sections in situ in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In the high vacuum environment of the microscope, the titanates recrystallized epitaxially from the thick areas of the TEM specimens at temperatures of 800-850 K. The niobates and tantalates did not recrystallize epitaxially, but instead. new crystals nucleated and grew in the amorphous region in the temperature range 825-925 K. These new crystallites apparently retain some 'memory' of the original crystal orientation prior to ion-beam amorphization. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Meldrum, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. EM ameldrum@ualberta.ca RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 66 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2-3 BP 242 EP 254 AR PII S0022-3115(01)00733-4 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00733-4 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522NK UT WOS:000173903300013 ER PT J AU Hertz, KL Causey, RA Cowgill, DF AF Hertz, KL Causey, RA Cowgill, DF TI The effect of coatings on deuterium retention and permeation in aluminum 6061-T6 APT tritium production tubes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTED DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; COPPER; RELEASE AB The accelerator production of tritium project will utilize spallation neutrons incident on thousands of He-3 gas filled metal tubes to produce tritium by way of the exothermic He-3(n,p)H-3 reaction. Tritons with energies up to 192 keV and protons with energies up to 576 keV are directly implanted into the tube walls. To minimize tritium retention in the tubes and permeation into the coolant surrounding the tubes, it is desirable to have the implanted tritium migrate back to the inner surface of the tubes and rapidly recombine to be released as T-2 and HT. Aluminum alloy (Al 6061-T6) is the primary candidate material for fabrication of the tubes. Aluminum alloy samples implanted with deuterons and protons to fluences as high as 3 x 10(22) D (and p)/m(2) were studied. Deuterium retention was measured by mass spectrometry during thermal desorption. Approximately 10% of the implanted deuterium was retained. Copper, nickel and anodized coatings on aluminum alloy were studied as possible methods of reducing retention and permeation of the tritium. In these experiments, the Cu and Ni coatings reduced the retention significantly, whereas retention increased in the anodized coated sample. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Hertz, KL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9402, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2-3 BP 255 EP 265 AR PII S0022-3115(01)00707-3 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00707-3 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522NK UT WOS:000173903300014 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Maingi, R Wampler, W Barry, RE Bell, M Blanchard, W Gates, D Johnson, D Kaita, R Kaye, S Maqueda, R Menard, J Menon, MM Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Paul, S Peng, YKM Raman, R Roquemore, A Skinner, CH Sabbagh, S Stratton, B Stutman, D Wilson, JR Zweben, S AF Kugel, HW Maingi, R Wampler, W Barry, RE Bell, M Blanchard, W Gates, D Johnson, D Kaita, R Kaye, S Maqueda, R Menard, J Menon, MM Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Paul, S Peng, YKM Raman, R Roquemore, A Skinner, CH Sabbagh, S Stratton, B Stutman, D Wilson, JR Zweben, S CA NSTX Natl Res Team TI Overview of impurity control and wall conditioning in NSTX (vol 290, pg 1185, 2001) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 300 IS 2-3 BP 278 EP 278 AR PII S0022-3115(01)00737-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(01)00737-1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522NK UT WOS:000173903300019 ER PT J AU No, JC Park, SS Perez, JC Choudhary, A AF No, JC Park, SS Perez, JC Choudhary, A TI Design and implementation of a parallel I/O runtime system for irregular applications SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a runtime system based on collective I/O techniques for irregular applications. The design is motivated by the requirements of a large number of science and engineering applications including teraflops applications, where the data must be reorganized into a canonical form for further processing or restarts. We present two designs: "collective I/O" and "pipelined collective I/O." In the first design, all processors participate in I/O simultaneously, making scheduling of I/O requests simpler but creating possible contention at the I/O nodes. In the second design, processors are organized into several groups so that only one group performs I/O while the next group performs the communication to rearrange data and this entire process is dynamically pipelined to reduce I/O node contention. In other words, the design provides support for dynamic contention management. We also present a software caching method using collective I/O to reduce I/O cost by reusing the data already present in the memory of other nodes. Chunking and on-tine compression mechanisms are included in both models. We present performance results on the Intel Paragon at Caltech and on the ASCI/Red teraflops machine at Sandia National Laboratories. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Informat, Leganes 28911, Spain. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP No, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. RI Choudhary, Alok/C-5486-2009; OI Carretero, Jesus/0000-0002-1413-4793 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 193 EP 220 DI 10.1006/jpdc.2001.1788 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 525ZB UT WOS:000174103000002 ER PT J AU Shan, HZ Singh, JP Oliker, L Biswas, R AF Shan, HZ Singh, JP Oliker, L Biswas, R TI A comparison of three programming models for adaptive applications on the Origin2000 SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Supercomputing Conference 2000 (SC2000) CY NOV 04-10, 2000 CL DALLAS, TX DE parallel programming; shared address space; message passing; dynamic mesh adaptation; N-body problem ID N-BODY METHODS; ALGORITHM AB Adaptive applications have computational workloads and communication patterns that change unpredictably at runtime, requiring dynamic load balancing to achieve scalable performance on parallel machines. Efficient parallel implementations of such adaptive applications is therefore a challenging task. In this paper, we compare the performance of and the programming effort required for two major classes of adaptive applications under three leading parallel programming models on an SGI Origin2000 system, a machine that supports all three models efficiently. Results indicate that the three models deliver comparable performance; however, the implementations differ significantly beyond merely using explicit messages versus implicit loads/stores even though the basic parallel algorithms are similar. Compared with the message-passing (using MPI) and SHMEM programming models, the cache-coherent shared address space (CC-SAS) model provides substantial ease of programming at both the conceptual and program orchestration levels, often accompanied by performance gains. However, CC-SAS currently has portability limitations and may suffer from poor spatial locality of physically distributed shared data on large numbers of processors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Adv Supercomp Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 35 Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM shz@cs.princeton.edu; jps@cs.princeton.edu; loliker@lbl.gov; rbiswas@nas.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 241 EP 266 DI 10.1006/jpdc.2001.1777 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 525ZB UT WOS:000174103000005 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Hill, BH Herlihy, A Kaufmann, PR AF Griffith, MB Hill, BH Herlihy, A Kaufmann, PR TI Multivariate analysis of periphyton assemblages in relation to environmental gradients in Colorado Rocky Mountain streams SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algal species; biotic indices; canonical analyses; community metrics; environmental stressors; microphytobenthos; periphyton; Southern Rockies ecoregion ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; BIOTIC INDEXES; HEAVY-METALS; CANADA LAKES; RIVER BASIN; LAND-USE; RESPONSES; DETERMINANTS; ECOREGIONS AB We assessed relationships between chemical and physical characteristics and periphyton assemblages in stream reaches of the mineral belt in the Southern Rockies ecoregion of Colorado, United States. using canonical ordination analyses, we contrasted results wherein assemblage structure was assessed using community metrics or species abundances. Our objectives were to identify community metrics or individual species diagnostic of the primary environmental stressors in these streams, to compare the sensitivity of these two approaches to determining the primary stressors, and to determine how these approaches may be used to differentiate the effects of these environmental stressors from other gradients. For periphyton metrics, the first axis extracted by redundancy analysis correlated with total phosphorus, substrate coarseness and embeddedness, and riparian vegetation condition, whereas the second axis correlated with dissolved metals. For species abundances, the three axes extracted by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were correlated with (1) stream size and types of in-stream habitats; (2) total phosphorus, dissolved ions, and riparian disturbance by agriculture; and (3) sediment coarseness and embeddedness and riparian vegetation condition. Concentrations of dissolved metals were not correlated with the CCA axes. Analyses of species abundances were sensitive to effects associated with nutrients, substrates, and riparian vegetation, whereas analyses of periphyton metrics were sensitive not only to these nutrient and physical habitat effects but also to toxicological effects associated with metals. As a result, the analyses of periphyton metrics may be used to identify which metrics would be useful for a periphyton index of biotic integrity and would also be individually diagnostic of the larger scale stressors in these streams, nutrient, substrate, and riparian vegetation effects of livestock grazing and increased metal concentrations associated with metal mining. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, US Environm Protect Agcy, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. Oregon State Univ, US EPA, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), NCEA, USEPA, MS 119 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 NR 85 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01117.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 525EJ UT WOS:000174055500007 ER PT J AU Hwang, JK Beyer, CJ Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Zhang, XQ Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX Wu, SC Ginter, TN Lee, IY Folden, CM Fallon, P Zielinski, P Gregorich, KE Macchiavelli, AO Stoyer, M Asztalos, SJ AF Hwang, JK Beyer, CJ Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Zhang, XQ Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX Wu, SC Ginter, TN Lee, IY Folden, CM Fallon, P Zielinski, P Gregorich, KE Macchiavelli, AO Stoyer, M Asztalos, SJ TI Identification of neutron h(11/2) bands in Cd-121,Cd-123 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID R-PROCESS; STABILITY; NUCLEI AB New excited states built on the 11/2(-) isomeric states are identified in neutron-rich Cd-121.123, respectively, with gammasphere by measuring three-and higher-fold prompt coincidences following the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The new data suggests that the 11/2(-) isomers in the odd-A Cd isotopes with N greater than or equal to 75 have spherical shape similar to those in Te. It is suggested that the backbending observed at homega approximate to 0.445 MeV in Cd-121 is because of the alignment of the h(11/2) neutron pair. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hwang, JK (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Folden, Charles/F-1033-2015 OI Folden, Charles/0000-0002-2814-3762 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP L9 EP L14 AR PII S0954-3899(02)31740-7 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/28/2/102 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 530HH UT WOS:000174351900002 ER PT J AU Gorga, RE Jablonski, EL Thiyagarajan, P Seifert, S Narasimhan, B AF Gorga, RE Jablonski, EL Thiyagarajan, P Seifert, S Narasimhan, B TI Quantifying phase behavior in partially miscible polystyrene/poly (styrene-co-4-bromostyrene) blends SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); brominated polystyrene; miscibility; blends; SAXS ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER BLEND; THIN-FILMS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; POLY(STYRENE-CO-BROMOSTYRENE) BLENDS; DEUTERATED POLYSTYRENE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; INTERFACES; INTERDIFFUSION; TOPOGRAPHY AB The phase behavior of thin-film blends of polystyrene (PS) and the random copolymer poly(styrene-co-4-bromostyrene) (PBS) was studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small-angle X-ray scattering SAXS). Phase behavior was studied as a function of the PBS and PS degree of polymerization (N), degree of miscibility [controlled via the volume fraction of bromine in the copolymer (f)], and annealing conditions. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter chi was measured directly from SAXS as a function of temperature and scaled with f as chi = f(2)chi(S-BrS) [where chi(S-BrS) represents the segmental interaction between PS and the homopolymer poly(4-bromostyrene)] Simulations based on the Flory-Huggins theory and chi measured from SAXS were used to predict phase diagrams for all the systems studied. The PBS/PS system exhibited upper critical solution temperature behavior. The AFM studies showed that increasing f in PBS led to progressively different morphologies, from flat topography (i.e., one phase) to interconnected structures or islands. In the two-phase region, the morphology was a strong function of N (due to changes in mobility). A comparison of the estimated PBS volume fractions from the AFM images with the PBS bulk volume fraction in the blend suggested the encapsulation of PBS in PS, supporting the work of previous researchers. Excellent agreement between the phase diagram predictions (based on chi measured by SAXS) and the AFM images was observed. These studies were also consistent with interdiffusion measurements of PBS/PS interfaces (with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy), which indicated that the interdiffusion coefficient decreased with increasing chi in the one-phase region and dropped to zero deep inside the two-phase region. (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 2035 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nbalaji@iastate.edu RI Narasimhan, Balaji/A-5487-2008 OI Narasimhan, Balaji/0000-0002-7955-5353 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1002/polb.10090 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 512EW UT WOS:000173309000002 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Environmental plutonium: The curious case of seawater SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDOX SPECIATION; EQUATIONS AB A method for quantitatively estimating the fractions of plutonium oxidation states that derive from disproportionation, or other oxidation-reduction reactions. is illustrated with data for seawater. The results agree with experiment and can be checked numerically. Attention is drawn to a discrepancy in what we think is known about seawater. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 251 IS 2 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1023/A:1014895706175 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 527PE UT WOS:000174193800004 ER PT J AU Fomel, S AF Fomel, S TI Antialiasing of Kirchhoff operators by reciprocal parameterization SO JOURNAL OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE imaging; Kirchhoff; antialiasing ID MIGRATION; MOVEOUT AB A method is proposed for antialiasing Kirchhoff operators, which switches between interpolation in time and interpolation in space depending on the operator dips. The method is a generalization of Hale's technique for dip moveout antialiasing. It is applicable to a wide variety of integral operators and compares favorably with the popular temporal filtering technique. Simple synthetic examples demonstrate the performance and applicability of the proposed method. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fomel, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fomel, Sergey/A-3100-2009 OI Fomel, Sergey/0000-0002-9024-5137 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOPHYSICAL PRESS PI CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ PA 14 RUE DU PRADO, 34170 CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ, FRANCE SN 0963-0651 J9 J SEISM EXPLOR JI J. Seism Explor. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 293 EP 310 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 538WH UT WOS:000174837700002 ER PT J AU Deru, MP Kirkpatrick, AT AF Deru, MP Kirkpatrick, AT TI Ground-coupled heat and moisture transfer from buildings Part 1 - Analysis and modeling SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Forum 2001 on Solar Energy CY APR 21-25, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID UNSATURATED FLOW; SOIL AB Ground-heat transfer is tightly coupled with soil-moisture transfer The coupling is threefold: heat is transferred by thermal conduction and by moisture transfer; the thermal properties of soil are strong functions of the moisture content; and moisture phase change includes latent heat effects and changes in thermal and hydraldic properties. A heat and moisture transfer model was developed to study the ground-coupled heat and moisture transfer from buildings. The model also includes detailed considerations of the atmospheric boundary conditions, including precipitation. Solutions for the soil temperature distribution are obtained using a finite element procedure. The model compared well with the seasonal variation of measured ground temperatures. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Deru, MP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1115/1.1435652 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 547JX UT WOS:000175330200003 ER PT J AU Deru, MP Kirkpatrick, AT AF Deru, MP Kirkpatrick, AT TI Ground-coupled heat and moisture transfer from buildings Part 2 - Application SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ITPE TECHNIQUE APPLICATIONS AB In this paper the effects of moisture on the heat transfer from two basic types of building foundations, a slab-on-grade and a basement, are examined. A two-dimensional finite element heat and moisture transfer program is used to show the effects of precipitation, soil type, foundation insulation, water table depth, and freezing on the heat transfer from the building foundation. Comparisons are made with a simple heat conduction model to illustrate the dependency of the soil thermal conductivity on moisture content. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Deru, MP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1115/1.1435651 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 547JX UT WOS:000175330200004 ER PT J AU Myers, DR Stoffel, TL Reda, I Wilcox, SM Andreas, AM AF Myers, DR Stoffel, TL Reda, I Wilcox, SM Andreas, AM TI Recent progress in reducing the uncertainty in and improving pyranometer calibrations SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SOLAR AB The Measurements and Instrumentation Team within the Distributed Energy Resources Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL, calibrates pyranometers for outdoor testing solar energy conversion systems. The team also supports climate change research programs. These activities led NREL to improve pyranometer calibrations. Low thermal-offset radiometers measuring the sky diffuse component of the reference solar irradiance removes bias errors on the order of 20 Watts per square meter (W/m(2)) in the calibration reference irradiance. Zenith angle dependent corrections to responsivities of pyranometers removes 15 to 30 Kin 2 bias errors from field measurements. Detailed uncertainty analysis of our outdoor calibration process shows a 20% reduction in the uncertainty in the responsivity, of pyranonmeters. These improvements affect photovoltaic module and array performance characterization, assessment of solar resources for design, sizing, and deployment of solar renewable energy systems, and ground-based validation of satellite-derived solar radiation fluxes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Distributed Energy Resources Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Distributed Energy Resources Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD FEB PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 44 EP 50 DI 10.1115/1.1434262 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 547JX UT WOS:000175330200008 ER PT J AU Shyamala, G Chou, YC Louie, SG Guzman, RC Smith, GH Nandi, S AF Shyamala, G Chou, YC Louie, SG Guzman, RC Smith, GH Nandi, S TI Cellular expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary glands: regulation by hormones, development and aging SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptors; progesterone receptors; mammary glands ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; TRUNCATED INT3 GENE; HUMAN-BREAST; PRECANCEROUS BREAST; MOUSE; MORPHOGENESIS; EPITHELIUM; DIFFERENTIATION; TURNOVER; CANCER AB At present, there is an extensive body of literature documenting the participation of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in mammary gene expression. Yet, the precise roles of these receptors in regulating mammary development, carcinogenesis and the growth of a subset of tumors still remain unclear. Mammary glands are composed of various cell types with different developmental potentials. Further, ultimately, that it is their mutual interactions which dictate the behavior of mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, to resolve the roles of ER and PR in normal mammary growth, differentiation and carcinogenesis, analyses for the expression of these receptors at the level of individual cell types is of paramount importance. Accordingly, in the present studies using immunolocalization techniques, we document the ontogeny and cellular distribution of ER and PR during mammary development and in response to ovarian hormones and aging. In addition, we discuss the potential biological significances of the expression patterns of ER and PR during various physiological states. We believe that the observations reported here should provide a conceptual framework(s) for elucidating the roles of ER and PR in normal and neoplastic mammary tissues. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. BRL, Mammary Biol Program, Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Shyamala, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 66541, CA 72598] NR 60 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 80 IS 2 SI SI BP 137 EP 148 AR PII S0960-0760(01)00182-0 DI 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00182-0 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 539AN UT WOS:000174847400002 PM 11897499 ER PT J AU Cadle, SH Gorse, RA Bailey, BK Lawson, DR AF Cadle, SH Gorse, RA Bailey, BK Lawson, DR TI Real-world vehicle emissions: A summary of the Eleventh Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) held its eleventh workshop in March 2001, focusing on results from the most recent real-world vehicle emissions research. We summarize the presentations from researchers engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality and emission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to improve mobile source emission models and emission inventories, the role of on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems in inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, particulate matter (PM) emissions, contributions of diesel vehicles to the emission inventory, on-road emissions measurements, fuel effects, unregulated emissions, and microscale and modal emission models, as well as topics for future research. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Coordinating Res Council Inc, Alpharetta, GA USA. Ford Motor Co, Allen Pk, MI USA. GM Corp, R&D Ctr, Warren, MI USA. RP Lawson, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 52 IS 2 BP 220 EP 236 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 520HJ UT WOS:000173775300013 PM 15143797 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Shu, L Butt, DP AF Zhu, YT Shu, L Butt, DP TI Kinetics and products of molybdenum disilicide powder oxidation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; THERMAL-OXIDATION; MOSI2; SILICIDES; SILICON AB In this study, we investigated the kinetics and products of the oxidation of MoSi2 powder with an average particle size of 1.6 mum at 900degrees, 1000degrees, and 1100degreesC, using a small sample size of 0.5 g. Such a small sample size allowed us to minimize the effect of oxygen transportation through the powder volume, while maintaining a good relative weighing accuracy. X-ray diffraction of oxidized samples indicated the formation of Mo5Si3 and Mo metal. Analysis of the oxidation kinetics suggested that gaseous MoO3 formed initially and amorphous SiO2 film later. The oxidation kinetics and products observed in this study differ front those reported in an early study, in which a larger sample size was used. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 85 IS 2 BP 507 EP 509 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 521UM UT WOS:000173859800038 ER PT J AU Kertesz, V Van Berkel, GJ AF Kertesz, V Van Berkel, GJ TI Surface-assisted reduction of aniline oligomers, N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine and thionin in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL REDOX REACTIONS; COUPLED ONLINE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELIMINATION; OXIDATION; CELL; DYES; LINE AB Reduction of the oligomers formed from on-line electropolymerization of aniline, the compound N-plienyl-1,4-phenylenediimine, and the thiazine dye thionin was observed in both an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and an atmospheric pressure photoionization source. The reduction, which alters the mass of these analytes by 2 Da, was shown to occur by means of a surface-assisted process which involves reactive species, possibly hydrogen radicals, generated from protic solvents in the ionization plasma, Reduction was minimized by limiting protic solvents, by using a high heated nebulizer temperature, and by using a clean, heated nebulizer probe liner. The expected generality of this reduction process, and the possibility of similar reduction processes in other plasma ionization sources are discussed in relation to the use of these ion sources for on-line electrochemistry/mass spectrometry experiments. C1 Oak Ridge Lab, Chem Sci Div, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Lab, Chem Sci Div, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(01)00337-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 517BE UT WOS:000173590600001 PM 11838014 ER PT J AU Harkewicz, R Belov, ME Anderson, GA Pasa-Tolic, L Masselon, CD Prior, DC Udseth, HR Smith, RD AF Harkewicz, R Belov, ME Anderson, GA Pasa-Tolic, L Masselon, CD Prior, DC Udseth, HR Smith, RD TI ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry employing data-dependent external ion selection and accumulation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; EXCITATION; PROTEINS; ICR AB Data-dependent external m/z selection and accumulation of ions is demonstrated in use with ESI-FTICR instrumentation, with two different methods for ion selection being explored. One method uses RF/DC quadrupole filtering and is described in use with an 11.5 tesla (T) FTICR instrument, while the second method employs RF-only resonance dipolar excitation selection and is described in use with a 3.5 T FTICR instrument. In both methods ions are data-dependently selected on the fly in a linear quadrupole ion guide, then accumulated in a second linear RF-only quadrupole trap that immediately follows. A major benefit of ion preselection prior to external accumulation is the enhancement of ion populations for low-level species. This development is expected to expand the dynamic range and sensitivity of FTICR for applications including analysis of complex polypeptide mixtures (e.g., proteomics). C1 Pacific NE Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NE Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999 MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 144 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(01)00343-9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 517BE UT WOS:000173590600005 PM 11838018 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J Davidson, IJ Whitfield, PS Kargina, I AF Balasubramanian, M McBreen, J Davidson, IJ Whitfield, PS Kargina, I TI In situ X-ray absorption study of a layered manganese-chromium oxide-based cathode material SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; BATTERIES; SORPTION; SPECTRA; LIMNO2; EXAFS AB We have investigated the electronic and atomic structure of a manganese-chromium-based layered oxide material Li[Li0.2Cr0.4Mn0.4]O-2 during electrochemical cycling using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our results indicate that charge compensation in the cathode material is achieved by the oxidation/reduction of octahedral Cr(III) ions to tetrahedral Cr(VI) ions during delithiation/lithiation. Manganese ions are present predominantly in the Mn(IV) oxidation state and do not appear to actively participate in the charge compensation process. To accommodate the large changes in coordination symmetry of the Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions, the chromium ions have to move between the regular octahedral sites in the R<(3)overbar> m-like lattice to interstitial tetrahedral sites during the charge/discharge process. The highly reversible (at least after the first charge) three-electron oxidation/reductions and the easy mobility of the chromium between octahedral and tetrahedral sites are very unusual and interesting. Equally interesting is the fact that chromium is the active metal undergoing oxidation/reduction rather than manganese. Our results also suggest that in the local scale manganese and chromium ions are not evenly distributed in the as-prepared material, but are present in separate domains of Mn and Cr-rich regions. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Chem Proc & Environm Technol, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Balasubramanian, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Whitfield, Pamela/P-1885-2015 OI Whitfield, Pamela/0000-0002-6569-1143 NR 23 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP A176 EP A184 DI 10.1149/1.1431962 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 521QX UT WOS:000173853800015 ER PT J AU Larson, RS AF Larson, RS TI A physical and mathematical model for the atmospheric sulfidation of copper by hydrogen sulfide SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GILDES MODEL; CORROSION; GAS; AIR AB A new model for copper sulfidation by gaseous H2S is described. The analysis focuses on the transport of charged lattice defects in a growing Cu2S product layer between the ambient gas and the substrate metal. This transport is postulated to occur via both diffusion and electromigration, and chemical reactions at the two phase interfaces serve as sources and sinks for the defect species. The pseudo-steady, one-dimensional governing equations for this system are solved by both analytical and numerical techniques, giving the instantaneous sulfidation rate as a function of the H2S concentration and the current sulfide layer thickness. It is shown that the model can reproduce quite well the results of some recent laboratory experiments in a stirred reactor. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that an assumption of electroneutrality in the sulfide, which can drastically simplify the computations, gives rise to very little error under typical conditions. (C) 2001 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Mat Proc Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Larson, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Mat Proc Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 149 IS 2 BP B40 EP B46 DI 10.1149/1.1430716 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 521QX UT WOS:000173853800025 ER PT J AU VerBerkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Savage, TL Nguyen, R AF VerBerkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Savage, TL Nguyen, R TI Efficient LC separations of proteins and peptides for MS analysis SO LC GC NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Current proteomics and genomics research has spurred the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to keep up with technical demands, There is currently a need for robust liquid-phase separations of complex protein and peptide mixtures. In this study, a VYDAC(R) capillary LC/MS column was directly compared with another leading commercial column of the same dimensions. It was then used to rapidly identify 2037 proteins from multiple complex peptide mixtures in a robust and high-throughput manner. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP VerBerkmoes, NC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 1527-5949 J9 LC GC N AM JI LC GC N. AM. PD FEB PY 2002 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 525KW UT WOS:000174070000004 ER PT J AU Dinzburg, BN Gillen, KT AF Dinzburg, BN Gillen, KT TI Use of modulus profiling to monitor the carbonization (surface hardening) of rubber after aging in oil SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE seals; oxidation; oil carbonization; modulus profiling ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED OXIDATION; MODEL AB The modulus profiling technique was used to monitor (quantitatively map) the, carbonization (hardening of the rubber surface) process for FKM-VHT and FKM-VTP fluorocarbon rubbers exposed to oil at 163 degreesC. For FKM-VHT significant hardening (modulus increases) occurred at the sample surface with smaller increases occurring with depth into the samples. This hardening is consistent with the observations of hard black sludge on the sample surface. the traditional definition of carbonization. Even though traditional measurements indicate that carbonization is unimportant for the FKM-VTP material, moderate increases in modulus occurred at the surface with the increases becoming minor at depths beyond similar to0.7 mm. Comparison of the results with oven-aging at 163 degreesC coupled with the fact that the materials were totally swelled by the, oil during aging led to the conclusion that diffusion-limited oxidation of oil-dissolved oxygen with oil additives and the rubber was responsible for the hardness profile. The results give a clearer picture of the complex interactions occurring between oil, oil additives, oxygen and rubber during the carbonization process. C1 Chicago Rawhide SKF Seal Div, Elgin, IL 60123 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dinzburg, BN (reprint author), Chicago Rawhide SKF Seal Div, Elgin, IL 60123 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 58 IS 2 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 513HZ UT WOS:000173373600006 ER PT J AU Springer, CS Rooney, WD Li, X AF Springer, CS Rooney, WD Li, X TI The effects of equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange on the determination of contrast reagent concentration in vivo SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID IN-VIVO C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Springer, CS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 422 EP 424 DI 10.1002/mrm.10099 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 516WA UT WOS:000173578700029 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH Skillman, AD Crecelius, EA AF Huesemann, MH Skillman, AD Crecelius, EA TI The inhibition of marine nitrification by ocean disposal of carbon dioxide SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE global warming; carbon sequestration; carbon dioxide disposal; marine nitrification; phytoplankton ecology; risk assessment ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; OXIDATION; IMPACTS; NITRITE; NITRATE; AMMONIA; RATES; CO2; SEDIMENTS; CHLORATE AB In an attempt to reduce the threat of global warming, it has been proposed that the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations be reduced by the ocean disposal of CO2 from the flue gases of fossil fuel-fired power plants. The release of large amounts Of CO2 into mid or deep ocean waters will result in large plumes of acidified seawater with pH values ranging from 6 to 8. In an effort to determine whether these CO2-induced pH changes have any effect on marine nitrification processes, surficial (euphotic zone) and deep (aphotic zone) seawater samples were sparged with CO2 for varying time durations to achieve a specified pH reduction, and the rate of microbial ammonia oxidation was measured spectrophotometrically as a function of pH using an inhibitor technique. For both seawater samples taken from either the euphotic or aphotic zone, the nitrification rates dropped drastically with decreasing pH. Relative to nitrification rates in the original seawater at pH 8, nitrification rates were reduced by ca. 50% at pH 7 and more than 90% at pH 6.5. Nitrification was essentially completely inhibited at pH 6. These findings suggest that the disposal Of CO2 into mid or deep oceans will most likely result in a drastic reduction of ammonia oxidation rates within the pH plume and the concomitant accumulation of ammonia instead of nitrate. It is unlikely that ammonia will reach the high concentration levels at which marine aquatic organisms arc known to be negatively affected. However. if the ammonia-rich seawater from inside the pH plume is upwelled into the euphotic zone, it is likely that changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure will occur. Finally, the large-scale inhibition of nitrification and the subsequent reduction of nitrite and nitrate concentrations could also result in a decrease of denitrification rates which, in turn, could lead to the buildup of nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophication phenomena. Clearly. more research on the environmental effects of ocean disposal of CO2 is needed to determine whether the potential costs related to marine ecosystem disturbance and disruption can be justified in terms of the perceived benefits that may be achieved by temporarily delaying global warming. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov; ann.skillman@pnl.gov; eric.crecelius@pnl.gov NR 37 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 6 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 142 EP 148 AR PII S0025-326X(01)00194-1 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00194-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 532JN UT WOS:000174471300017 PM 11981978 ER PT J AU Godfrey, A Hughes, DA AF Godfrey, A Hughes, DA TI Determination of boundary area and spacing in prismatic structures with applications to dislocation boundaries SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE cold working; stereology; TEM; dislocation boundaries ID GRAIN-ORIENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LARGE STRAINS; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; NICKEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; STRESS AB An analysis is presented for the determination of boundary area per unit volume (S-V) for structures that can be idealized as two-dimensional prismatic foams. An important application for this analysis is in the determination of S-V for one class of dislocation boundary observed following deformation to high strains. Assuming a complete uniformly random distribution of inclination angles for these dislocation walls S-V = piN(L)/2, where N-L is the number of intercepts per unit length along a line perpendicular to the wall traces, in any plane perpendicular to the prism basal plane. Analyses of the inclination angle distribution from both measurements of projected boundary widths and from spacing measurements in two perpendicular sections show that while the assumption of a complete uniformly random distribution is an approximation, the error introduced by making this assumption is small. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Appl Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Godfrey, A (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Godfrey, Andrew/G-4458-2010 OI Godfrey, Andrew/0000-0002-5496-0424 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 89 EP 99 AR PII S1044-5803(02)00257-7 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00257-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 584CP UT WOS:000177449900009 ER PT J AU Anstreicher, K Brixius, N Goux, JP Linderoth, J AF Anstreicher, K Brixius, N Goux, JP Linderoth, J TI Solving large quadratic assignment problems on computational grids SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium of the Mathematical-Programming-Society CY AUG 07-11, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Math Programming Soc DE quadratic assignment problem; branch and bound; computational grid; metacomputing ID LOWER BOUNDS; ALGORITHM; PARALLEL; SEARCH; LIBRARY; DENSE AB The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is among the hardest combinatorial optimization problems. Some instances of size n=30 have remained unsolved for decades, The solution of these problems requires both improvements in mathematical programming algorithms and the utilization of powerful computational platforms. In this article we describe a novel approach to solve QAPs using a state-of-the-art branch-and-bound algorithm running on a federation of geographically distributed resources known as a computational grid, Solution of QAPs of unprecedented complexity, including the nug30, kra30b, and tho30 instances, is reported. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Management Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Comp Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anstreicher, K (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Management Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM kurt-anstreicher@uiowa.edu; brixius@cs.uiowa.edu; goux@ece.nwu.edu; linderot@mcs.anl.gov RI Linderoth, Jeffrey/B-4995-2013 OI Linderoth, Jeffrey/0000-0003-4442-3059 NR 51 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-5610 EI 1436-4646 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 91 IS 3 BP 563 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s101070100255 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 535XL UT WOS:000174671600010 ER PT J AU Daskalov, GM Baker, RS Rogers, DWO Williamson, JF AF Daskalov, GM Baker, RS Rogers, DWO Williamson, JF TI Multigroup discrete ordinates modeling of I-125 6702 seed dose distributions using a broad energy-group cross section representation SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multigroup discrete ordinates photon transport; Monte Carlo photon transport; photon kerma; absorbed dose; I-125 6702 seed; brachytherapy dosimetry ID IR-192 BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; MONTE-CARLO; DOSIMETRY AB Our purpose in this work is to demonstrate that the efficiency of dose-rate computations in I-125 brachytherapy, using multigroup discrete ordinates radiation transport simulations, can be significantly enhanced using broad energy group cross sections without a loss of accuracy. To this end, the DANTSYS multigroup discrete ordinates neutral particle transport code was used to estimate the absorbed dose-rate distributions around an I-125-model 6702 seed in two-dimensional (2-D) cylindrical R-Z geometry for four different problems spanning the geometries found in clinical practice. First, simulations with a high resolution 210 energy groups library were used to analyze the photon flux spectral distribution throughout this set of problems. These distributions were used to design an energy group structure consisting of three broad groups along with suitable weighting functions from which the three-group cross sections were derived. The accuracy of 2-D DANTSYS dose-rate calculations was benchmarked against parallel Monte Carlo simulations. Ray effects were remedied by using the DANTSYS internal first collision source algorithm. It is demonstrated that the I-125 primary photon spectrum leads to inappropriate weighting functions. An accuracy of +/-5% is achieved in the four problem geometries considered using geometry-independent three-group libraries derived from either material-specific weighting functions or a single material-independent weighting function. Agreement between Monte Carlo and the three-group DANTSYS calculations, within three standard Monte Carlo deviations, is observed everywhere except for a limited region along the Z axis of rotational symmetry, where ray effects are difficult to mitigate. The three-group DANTSYS calculations are 10-13 times faster than ones with a 210-group cross section library for I-125 dosimetry problems. Compared to 2-D EGS4 Monte Carlo calculations, the 3-group DANTSYS simulations are a 100-fold more efficient. Provided that these efficiency gains can be sustained in three-dimensional geometries, the results suggest that discrete ordinates simulations may have the potential to serve as an efficient and accurate dose-calculation algorithm for low-energy brachytherapy treatment planning. (C) 2002 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, IRS, INMS, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Daskalov, GM (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, IRS, INMS, 1500 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RI Rogers, David/A-1973-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA46640] NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 113 EP 124 DI 10.1118/1.1429238 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 521TD UT WOS:000173856900001 PM 11871380 ER PT J AU Arunabh, S Feuerman, M Ma, RM Aloia, JF AF Arunabh, S Feuerman, M Ma, RM Aloia, JF TI Total body phosphorus in healthy women and ethnic variations SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; MUSCLE; AGE AB Total body phosphorus (TBP) levels were measured in 90 black and 143 white healthy women to determine ethnic differences. The measurements were performed by in vivo delayed gamma neutron activation (DGNA) analysis at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Mean value of TBP in whites was 10.4% lower as compared with the black women (mean TBP in white women 401.4 +/- 57.5 g v447.7 +/- 57.7 g in black women). Both subgroups have a decrease in TBP with age with a rapid phase after the onset of menopause, which corresponds to bone loss. The decrease in TBP is similar in both ethnic groups with black women losing -1.59 g/yr (-0.33%/yr) and white women losing -2.08 g/yr (-0.45%/yr). Copyright (C) 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Bone Mineral Res Ctr, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aloia, JF (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Bone Mineral Res Ctr, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR37520-05]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P01-DK42618] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1053/meta.2002.29984 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 519RG UT WOS:000173738800008 PM 11833045 ER PT J AU Wadsworth, J Ruano, OA Sherby, OD AF Wadsworth, J Ruano, OA Sherby, OD TI Denuded zones, diffusional creep, and grain boundary sliding SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Applied Mechanics and Materials Summer Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID STEADY-STATE; DEFORMATION; SUPERPLASTICITY; ALLOY AB The appearance of denuded zones following low stress creep in particle-containing crystalline materials is both a microstructural prediction and observation often cited as irrefutable evidence for the Nabarro-Herring (N-H) mechanism of diffusional creep. The denuded zones are predicted to be at grain boundaries that are orthogonal to the direction of the applied stress. Furthermore, their dimensions should account for the accumulated plastic flow. In the present article, the evidence for such denuded zones is critically examined. These zones have been observed during creep of magnesium, aluminum, and nickel-base alloys. The investigation casts serious doubts on the apparently compelling evidence for the link between denuded zones and diffusional creep. Specifically, denuded zones are clearly observed under conditions that are explicitly not diffusional creep. Additionally, the denuded zones are often found in directions that are not orthogonal to the applied stress. Other mechanisms that can account for the observations of denuded zones are discussed. It is proposed that grain boundary sliding accommodated by slip is the rate-con trolling process in the stress range where denuded zones have been observed. It is likely that the denuded zones are created by dissolution of precipitates at grain boundaries that are simultaneously sliding and migrating during creep. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94552 USA. CSIC, CENIM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94552 USA. RI Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 62 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 9 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0084-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 520HU UT WOS:000173776300003 ER PT J AU Hayes, TA Kassner, ME Rosen, RS AF Hayes, TA Kassner, ME Rosen, RS TI Steady-state creep of alpha-zirconium at temperatures up to 850 degrees C SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Applied Mechanics and Materials Summer Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID HARPER-DORN CREEP; LOW-STRESS CREEP; RATE-CONTROLLING MECHANISM; ANOMALOUS SELF-DIFFUSION; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOY; ZR SINGLE-CRYSTALS; INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES; FLOW PROCESS; SUPERPLASTICITY; TI AB Cumulative zirconium creep data over a broad range of stresses (0.1 to 115 MPa) and temperatures (300 degreesC to 850 degreesC) were analyzed based on an extensive literature review. Zirconium obeys traditional power-law creep with a stress exponent of approximately 6.4 over stain rates and temperatures usually associated with the conventional "five-power-law" regime. Thus, dislocation climb, rather than the often assumed glide mechanism, may be rate controlling. Power-law break-down occurs at values of epsilon(over dot)(ss)/D greater than approximately 10(9) cm(-2), consistent with most traditional five-power-law materials. The creep rate of zirconium at low values of sigma/G varies proportionally to the applied stress. The rate-controlling mechanism(s) for creep within this regime is unclear. A grain-size dependency may exist, particularly at small (<90 mum) sizes, suggesting a diffusional mechanism. A grain-size independence at larger grain sizes supports a Harper-Dorn mechanism, but the low observed activation energy (similar to90 kJ/mol) is not consistent with those observed at similar temperatures at higher stresses in the five-power-law regime (270 kJ/mol) where creep is also believed to be lattice self-diffusion controlled. The stress dependence in this regime is not consistent with traditional grain-boundary sliding mechanisms. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hayes, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 73 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s11661-002-0095-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 520HU UT WOS:000173776300014 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Hutcheon, ID Keil, K AF Krot, AN Hutcheon, ID Keil, K TI Plagioclase-rich chondrules in the reduced CV chondrites: Evidence for complex formation history and genetic links between calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions and ferromagnesian chondrules SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONDENSATION; ALLENDE METEORITE; ION MICROPROBE; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; OLIVINE INCLUSIONS; DARK INCLUSIONS; EFREMOVKA CAIS AB Plagioclase-rich chondrules (PRCs) in the reduced CV chondrites Efremovka, Leoville, Vigarano and Grosvenor Mountains (GRO) 94329 consist of magnesian low-Ca pyroxene, Al-Ti-Cr-rich pigeonite and augite, forsterite, anorthitic plagioclase, FeNi-metal-sulfide nodules, and crystalline mesostasis composed of silica, anorthitic plagioclase and Al-Ti-Cr-rich augite. The silica grains in the mesostases of the CV PRCs are typically replaced by hedenbergitic pyroxenes, whereas anorthitic plagioclase is replaced by feldspathoids (nepheline and minor sodalite). Some of the PRCs contain regions that are texturally and mineralogically similar to type I chondrules and consist of forsterite, low-Ca pyroxene and abundant FeNi-metal nodules. Several PRCs are surrounded by igneous rims or form independent compound objects. Twelve PRCs contain relic calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) composed of anorthite, spinel, high-Ca pyroxene, +/-forsterite, and +/-Al-rich low-Ca pyroxene. Anorthite of these CAIs is generally more heavily replaced by feldspathoids than anorthitic plagioclase of the host chondrules. This suggests that either the alteration predated formation of the PRCs or that anorthite of the relic CAIs was more susceptible to the alteration than anorthitic plagioclase of the host chondrules. These observations and the presence of igneous rims around PRCs and independent compound PRCs suggest that the CV PRCs may have had a complex, multistage formation history compared to a more simple formation history of the CR PRCs. Relatively high abundances of moderately-volatile elements such as Cr, Mn and Si in the PRCs suggests that these chondrules could not have been produced by volatilization of ferromagnesian chondrule precursors or by melting of refractory materials only. We infer instead that PRCs in carbonaceous chondrites formed by melting of the reduced chondrule precursors (magnesian olivine and pyroxene, FeNi-metal) mixed with refractory materials (relic CAIs) composed of anorthite, spinel, high-Ca pyroxene, and forsterite. The mineralogical, chemical and textural similarities of the PRCs in several carbonaceous chondrite groups (CV, CO, CH, CR) and common presence of relic CAIs in these chondrules suggest that PRCs may have formed in the region(s) intermediate between the regions where CAIs and ferromagnesian chondrules originated. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krot, AN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 92 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 155 EP 182 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 545XK UT WOS:000175242700004 ER PT J AU Liberman, RG Niello, JOF Di Tada, ML Fifield, LK Masarik, J Reedy, RC AF Liberman, RG Niello, JOF Di Tada, ML Fifield, LK Masarik, J Reedy, RC TI Campo del Cielo iron meteorite: Sample shielding and meteoroid's preatmospheric size SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BE-10; AL-26 AB Long-lived cosmogenic radioisotopes, Be-10, Al-26, Cl-36, Ca-41 and Ni-59, have been measured in five samples from the Campo del Cielo iron meteorite by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The Cl-36 activities were significantly above the background. For the concentrations of the other four radioisotopes, only upper limits were obtained that were, however, consistent with the Cl-36 result. The measured Cl-36 activity allowed an estimate of the meteoroid's preatmospheric size: a radius larger than 300 cm and a mass of at least 840 000 kg. We conclude that this meteorite might be one of the largest meteorites to have been recovered. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Comenius Univ, Dept Phys, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovakia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, Lab TANDAR, RA-1429 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Liberman, RG (reprint author), MIT, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 545XK UT WOS:000175242700012 ER PT J AU Boore, JL Staton, JL AF Boore, JL Staton, JL TI The mitochondrial genome of the sipunculid Phascolopsis gouldii supports its association with Annelida rather than Mollusca SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Phascolopsis; mitochondria; evolution; phylogeny; genome; Annelida ID CRAB LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; GENETIC-CODE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; TREE TOPOLOGIES; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; ARRANGEMENT AB We determined the sequence of about half (7,470 nt) of the mitochondrial genome of the sipunculid Phascolopsis gouldii, the first representative of this phylum to be so studied. All of the 19 identified genes are transcribed from the same DNA strand. The arrangement of these genes is remark-ably similar to that of the oligochaete annelid Lumbricus terrestris. Comparison of both the inferred amino acid sequences and the gene arrangements of a variety of diverse metazoan taxa reveals that the phylum Sipuncula is more closely related to Annelida than to Mollusca. This requires reinterpretation of the homology of several embryological features and of patterns of animal body plan evolution. C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Boore, JL (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 78 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 127 EP 137 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 519EB UT WOS:000173711000001 PM 11801741 ER PT J AU Lavrov, DV Boore, JL Brown, WM AF Lavrov, DV Boore, JL Brown, WM TI Complete mtDNA sequences of two millipedes suggest a new model for mitochondrial gene rearrangements: Duplication and nonrandom loss SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; gene rearrangement; genome duplication; phylogenetic inference; diplopoda; Narceus annularus; Thyropygus sp ID OVERLAPPING TRANSCRIPTION UNITS; LIGHT-STRAND SYNTHESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TANDEM DUPLICATION; CHONDRUS-CRISPUS; DNA; GENOME; ORGANIZATION; INITIATION; REPLICATION AB We determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of the millipedes Narceus annularus and Thyropygus sp. (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) and identified, in both genomes, all 37 genes typical for metazoan mtDNA. The arrangement of these genes is identical in the two millipedes, but differs from others found in arthropod mtDNAs in the location of at least four genes or gene blocks. This novel gene arrangement is unusual for animal mtDNA in that genes with identical transcriptional polarities are clustered in the genome, and the two clusters are separated by two noncoding regions. The only exception to this pattern is the gene for cysteine tRNA, which is located in the part of the genome that otherwise contains all genes with the opposite transcriptional polarity. We suggest that a mechanism involving complete mtDNA duplication followed by the loss of genes, predetermined by their transcriptional polarity and location in the genome, could generate this gene arrangement from the one ancestral for arthropods. The proposed mechanism has important implications for phylogenetic inferences that are drawn on the basis of gene arrangement comparisons. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Biochim, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Lavrov, DV (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Biochim, CP 6128,Succursale Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. OI Lavrov, Dennis/0000-0002-2745-1704 NR 36 TC 130 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 519EB UT WOS:000173711000004 PM 11801744 ER PT J AU Duan, XJ Xenarios, I Eisenberg, D AF Duan, XJ Xenarios, I Eisenberg, D TI Describing biological protein interactions in terms of protein states and state transitions - The LiveDIP database SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MAP KINASE; PHEROMONE RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; YEAST; PATHWAYS; PHOSPHORYLATION; NETWORK AB Biological protein-protein interactions differ from the more general class of physical interactions; in a biological interaction, both proteins must be in their proper states (e.g. covalently modified state, conformational state, cellular location state, etc.). Also in every biological interaction, one or both interacting molecules undergo a transition to a new state. This regulation of protein states through protein-protein interactions underlies many dynamic biological processes inside cells. Therefore, understanding biological interactions requires information on protein states. Toward this goal, DIP (the (D) over bar atabase of Interacting (P) over bar roteins) has been expanded to LiveDIP, which describes protein interactions by protein states and state transitions. This additional level of characterization permits a more complete picture of the protein-protein interaction networks and is crucial to an integrated understanding of genome-scale biology. The search tools provided by LiveDIP, Pathfinder, and Batch Search allow users to assemble biological pathways from all the protein-protein interactions collated from the scientific literature in LiveDIP. Tools have also been developed to integrate the protein-protein interaction networks of LiveDIP with large scale genomic data such as microarray data. An example of these tools applied to analyzing the pheromone response pathway in yeast suggests that the pathway functions in the context of a complex protein-protein interaction network. Seven of the eleven proteins involved in signal transduction are under negative or positive regulation of up to five other proteins through biological protein-protein interactions. During pheromone response, the mRNA expression levels of these signaling proteins exhibit different time course profiles. There is no simple correlation between changes in transcription levels and the signal intensity. This points to the importance of proteomic studies to understand how cells modulate and integrate signals. Integrating large scale, yeast two-hybrid data with mRNA expression data suggests biological interactions that may participate in pheromone response. These examples illustrate how LiveDIP provides data and tools for biological pathway discovery and pathway analysis. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 1:104-116, 2002. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, POB 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Xenarios, Ioannis/0000-0002-3413-6841 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD FEB PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 104 EP 116 DI 10.1074/mcp.M100026-MCP200 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 654UT UT WOS:000181515000003 PM 12096128 ER PT J AU Yeo, HJ Ziegelin, G Korolev, S Calendar, R Lanka, E Waksman, G AF Yeo, HJ Ziegelin, G Korolev, S Calendar, R Lanka, E Waksman, G TI Phage P4 origin-binding domain structure reveals a mechanism for regulation of DNA-binding activity by homo- and heterodimerization of winged helix proteins SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-PROTEIN; INITIATOR PROTEIN; SATELLITE BACTERIOPHAGE-P4; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; REPLICATION; SEQUENCE; GENE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB The origin-binding domain of the gpalpha protein of phage P4 (P4-OBD) mediates origin recognition and regulation of gpalpha activity by the protein Cnr. We have determined the crystal structure of P4-OBD at 2.95 Angstrom resolution. The structure of P4-OBD is that of a dimer with pseudo twofold symmetry. Each subunit has a winged helix topology with a unique structure among initiator proteins. The only structural homologue of the P4-OBD subunit is the DNA-binding domain of the eukaryotic transcriptional activator Rfx1. Based on this structural alignment, a model for origin recognition by the P4-OBD dimer is suggested. P4-OBD mutations that interfere with Cnr binding locate to the dimer interface, indicating that Cnr acts by disrupting the gpalpha dimer. P4-OBD dimerization is mediated by helices alpha1 and alpha3 in both subunits, a mode of winged helix protein dimerization that is reminiscent of that of the eukaryotic transcription factors E2F and DID. This, in turn, suggests that Cnr is also a winged helix protein, a possibility that is supported by previously unreported sequence homologies between Cnr and Rfx1 and homology modelling. Hence, in a mechanism that appears to be conserved from phage to man, the DNA-binding activity of winged helix proteins can be regulated by other winged helix proteins via the versatile use of the winged helix motif as a homo- or heterodimerization scaffold. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Waksman, G (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Campus Box 8231,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM waksman@biochem.wustl.edu NR 52 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0950-382X EI 1365-2958 J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 855 EP 867 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02796.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 526XT UT WOS:000174155700004 PM 11929537 ER PT J AU Miller, WH AF Miller, WH TI An alternate derivation of the Herman-Kluk (coherent state) semiclassical initial value representation of the time evolution operator SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; PROPAGATOR AB It is shown that the Herman-Kluk (or coherent state) initial value representation (IVR) of the semiclassical propagator (time evolution operator) can be obtained by application of a modified Filinov filtering procedure to the standard Van Vleck (coordinate space) expression for the propagator. This further illustrates the effective equivalence, semiclassically, of these various IVRs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 100 IS 4 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1080/00268970110069029 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 526NA UT WOS:000174135500002 ER PT J AU Majewski, D Liermann, D Prohl, P Ritter, B Buchhold, M Hanisch, T Paul, G Wergen, W Baumgardner, J AF Majewski, D Liermann, D Prohl, P Ritter, B Buchhold, M Hanisch, T Paul, G Wergen, W Baumgardner, J TI The operational global icosahedral-hexagonal gridpoint model GME: Description and high-resolution tests SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; SCHEME; SPHERE; FLOW AB The German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) has recently developed a new operational global numerical weather prediction model, named GME, based on an almost uniform icosahedral-hexagonal grid. The GME gridpoint approach avoids the disadvantages of spectral techniques as well as the pole problem in latitude-longitude grids and provides a data structure extremely well suited to high efficiency on distributed memory parallel computers. The formulation of the discrete operators for this grid is described and evaluations that demonstrate their second-order accuracy are provided. These operators are derived for local basis functions that are orthogonal and conform perfectly to the spherical surface. The local basis functions, unique for each grid point, are the latitude and longitude of a spherical coordinate system whose equator and zero meridian intersect at the grid point. The prognostic equations for horizontal velocities, temperature, and surface pressure are solved using a semi-implicit Eulerian approach and for two moisture fields using a semi-Lagrangian scheme to ensure monotonicity and positivity. In the vertical direction, finite differences are applied in a hybrid (sigma pressure) coordinate system to all prognostic variables. The semi-implicit treatment of gravity waves presented here leads to a 3D Helmholtz equation that is diagonalized into a set of 2D Helmholtz equations that are solved by successive relaxation. Most of the same physical parameterizations used in the authors' previous operational regional model, named EM, are employed in GME. Some results from the verification process for GME are provided and GME performance statistics on a Cray T3E1200 as well as on the ECMWF Fujitsu VPP5000 systems are summarized. For the case of the severe Christmas 1999 storm over France and Germany the pronounced sensitivity of the model with respect to the initial state is discussed. Finally, a test case is shown where it is currently possible, though not yet operationally practical, to run GME at 15-km resolution on the VPP5000. C1 Deutsch Wetterdienst, Div Res & Dev, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Majewski, D (reprint author), Deutsch Wetterdienst, Div Res & Dev, Kaiserleistr 42, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany. NR 37 TC 208 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 130 IS 2 BP 319 EP 338 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0319:TOGIHG>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 509YL UT WOS:000173177800007 ER PT J AU Wu, YY Fan, R Yang, PD AF Wu, YY Fan, R Yang, PD TI Block-by-block growth of single-crystalline Si/SiGe superlattice nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SI/GE SUPERLATTICES; SILICON NANOWIRES AB Heterojunction and superlattice formation is essential for many potential applications of semiconductor nanowires in nanoscale optoelectronics. We have developed a hybrid pulsed laser ablation/chemical capor deposition (PLA-CVD) process for the synthesis of semiconductor nanowires with longitudinal ordered heterostructures. The laser ablation process generates a programmable pulsed vapor source, which enables the nanowire growth in a block-by-block fashion with a well-defined compositional profile along the wire axis. Single-crystalline nanowires with longitudinal Si/SiGe superlattice structure have been successfully synthesized. This unique class of heterostructured one-dimensional nanostructures holds great potential in applications such as light emitting devices and thermoelectrics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yiying/A-3949-2011; Fan, Rong/B-1613-2014; OI Wu, Yiying/0000-0001-9359-1863 NR 22 TC 809 Z9 818 U1 24 U2 276 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1021/nl0156888 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 525NT UT WOS:000174078400002 ER PT J AU Zhang, HF Dohnalkova, AC Wang, CM Young, JS Buck, EC Wang, LS AF Zhang, HF Dohnalkova, AC Wang, CM Young, JS Buck, EC Wang, LS TI Lithium-assisted self-assembly of aluminum carbide nanowires and nanoribbons SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANORODS; NITRIDE AB We report on the synthesis and self-assembly of Al4C3 nanowires and nanoribbons using lithium as a catalyst. Large quantities of Al4C3 nanowires (diameters from 5 to 70 nm) and nanoribbons (5-70 nm thick and 20-500 nm wide) tens of micrometers long were synthesized serendipitously in a solid-state reaction involving Al/C/Li at less than 780 degreesC. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed that the nanowires all grew along the c-axis of hexagonal Al4C3, whereas the nanoribbons all grew within the basal plane. The facile syntheses of the Al4C3 nanowires and nanoribbons suggest similar nanostructures of other carbide and nitride materials may be made using the lithium-assisted self-assembly process. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 22 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1021/nl015656k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 525NT UT WOS:000174078400007 ER PT J AU Noy, A Miller, AE Klare, JE Weeks, BL Woods, BW DeYoreo, JJ AF Noy, A Miller, AE Klare, JE Weeks, BL Woods, BW DeYoreo, JJ TI Fabrication of luminescent nanostructures and polymer nanowires using dip-pen nanolithography SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB We used a combination of dip-pen nanolithography and scanning optical confocal microscopy to fabricate and visualize luminescent nanoscale patterns of various materials on glass substrates. We show that this method can be used successfully to push the limits of dip-pen nanolithography down to controlled deposition of single molecules. We also demonstrate that this method is able to create and visualize protein patterns on surfaces. Finally, we show that our method can be used to fabricate polymer nanowires of controlled size using conductive polymers. We also discuss the factors that influence the size of these nanowires. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosecur Support Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 17 TC 198 Z9 200 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1021/nl010081c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 525NT UT WOS:000174078400008 ER PT J AU Campbell, PA Farnan, GA Walmsley, DG AF Campbell, PA Farnan, GA Walmsley, DG TI Field enhanced fabrication of metallic nanostructures using millisecond-pulsed scanning tunnelling microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; C-60 MOLECULES; SURFACE; MANIPULATION; ATOMS AB Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) can be used as an effective tool for the manipulation of atoms on surfaces. However, it is a laborious procedure, often taking several hours to construct even the simplest patterns. To address this constraint, we have investigated the use of distinct tip geometries combined with voltage pulsing in an STM as a method of rapid nanostructure fabrication. A computational finite-element based electrostatic model enables those tip geometries which can lead to a particular geometrical pattern to be identified. The predictions in the case of a truncated circular cone are confirmed by experimental observation using voltage-pulsed STM. Constructs comparable both in size and morphology to quantum corral type structures were constructed with assembly times in the millisecond regime. The mechanism of formation is discussed. C1 Univ Dundee, Dept Surg & Mol Oncol, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Campbell, PA (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Dept Surg & Mol Oncol, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland. RI campbell, paul/C-3174-2009 OI campbell, paul/0000-0001-9417-4586 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 AR PII S0957-4484(02)28328-2 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/13/1/316 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 529CX UT WOS:000174283400017 ER PT J AU Macol, CP Kantrowitz, ER Tsuruta, H Stec, B AF Macol, CP Kantrowitz, ER Tsuruta, H Stec, B TI Revisiting the allosteric mechanism of aspartate transcarbamoylase - Response SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Rice Univ, WM Keck Ctr Computat Biol, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kantrowitz, ER (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Merkert Chem Ctr, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 88 EP 89 DI 10.1038/nsb0202-88 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 516PH UT WOS:000173562000007 ER PT J AU Tzourio-Mazoyer, N De Schonen, S Crivello, F Reutter, B Aujard, Y Mazoyer, B AF Tzourio-Mazoyer, N De Schonen, S Crivello, F Reutter, B Aujard, Y Mazoyer, B TI Neural correlates of woman face processing by 2-month-old infants SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN FUSIFORM GYRUS; HUMAN VISUAL-CORTEX; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; OBJECTS; SYSTEM; AREA; ACTIVATION; EXPERTISE AB The age of 2 months marks a turn in the development of face processing in humans with the emergence of recognition based on internal feature configuration. We studied the neural bases of this early cognitive expertise, critical for adaptive behavior in the social world, by mapping with positron emission tomography the brain activity of 2-month-old alert infants while looking at unknown woman faces. We observed the activation of a distributed network of cortical areas that largely overlapped the adult face-processing network, including the so-called fusiform face area. We also evidenced the activation of left superior temporal and inferior frontal gyri, regions associated, in adults, with language processing. These findings demonstrates that cognitive development proceeds early in functionally active interconnected cortical areas despite the fact they have not all yet reached full metabolic maturation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science. C1 Univ Caen, CNRS, Grp Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR 6095,CEA, F-14074 Caen, France. Univ Paris 05, GIP Cyceron, F-14074 Caen, France. CNRS, Ctr Res Cognit Neurosci, Dev Neurocognit Grp, F-13402 Marseille, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hop Robert Debre, Neonatol Unit, F-75019 Paris, France. RP Mazoyer, B (reprint author), Univ Caen, CNRS, Grp Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR 6095,CEA, BP 5229, F-14074 Caen, France. RI Crivello, Fabrice/B-5569-2008; Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie/B-5598-2008; mazoyer, bernard/A-5369-2009; Mazoyer, Bernard/B-6303-2012; OI Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie/0000-0002-6236-4390; mazoyer, bernard/0000-0003-0970-2837; Mazoyer, Bernard/0000-0003-0970-2837; Crivello, Fabrice/0000-0001-6950-984X NR 39 TC 138 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD FEB PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 454 EP 461 DI 10.1006/nimg.2001.0979 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518XC UT WOS:000173692500014 PM 11798279 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Park, JM Kim, CK Hofman, GL Meyer, MK AF Kim, KH Park, JM Kim, CK Hofman, GL Meyer, MK TI Irradiation behavior of atomized U-10wt.% Mo alloy aluminum matrix dispersion fuel meat at low temperature SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID HIGH BURNUP UO2 AB In order to examine the in-reactor behavior of very-high-density dispersion fuels for high flux performance research reactors, U-10wt.% Mo alloy dispersions in an aluminum matrix have been irradiated at low temperature in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The alloy fuel dispersant was produced by a centrifugal atomization process. The fuel shows stable in-reactor irradiation behavior to a fission density of 5 x 10(27) m(3) at an irradiation temperature of similar to 65 degreesC. The fuel-matrix interaction layer growth rate is similar to that observed in uranium-silicide fuels. The fuel particles have a fine and a relatively narrow fission gas bubble size distribution. There appears to be features in the microstrucure that are the result of segregation of the microstructure in to molybdenum rich and depleted regions on solidification. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Res Reactor Fuel Dev Project, Yuseong Gu, Taejon 305353, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Res Reactor Fuel Dev Project, Yuseong Gu, 150 Deongjin Dong, Taejon 305353, South Korea. OI Meyer, Mitchell/0000-0002-1980-7862 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 211 IS 2-3 BP 229 EP 235 AR PII S0029-5493(01)00459-9 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(01)00459-9 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 525JX UT WOS:000174067600008 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Heidbrink, WW AF Gorelenkov, NN Heidbrink, WW TI Energetic particle effects as an explanation for the low frequencies of Alfven modes in the DIII-D tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID KINETIC BALLOONING MODES; EIGENMODES; STABILITY; DRIVEN; INSTABILITIES; PLASMA; DESTABILIZATION; SIMULATION; SPECTRUM; GAP AB During beam injection in the DIII-D tokamak, modes with lower frequencies than expected for toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) are often observed. The experimental 'TAE' frequency is often approximate to0.8 of the nominal theoretical frequency of the TAE, f(TAE), while the typical frequency of beta induced Alfven eigenmodes (BAEs) is (0.2-0.4)f(TAE). An analysis is presented of an unstable discharge with a high n stability code, HINST, that includes the effect of energetic ions on mode frequency. The analysis shows that the experimental 'TAE' and 'BAE' could be resonant branches of the TAE and the kinetic ballooning mode, respectively. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 150 EP 156 AR PII S0029-5515(02)33476-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/2/305 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JN UT WOS:000175213900005 ER PT J AU Intrator, T Taccetti, M Clark, DA Degnan, JH Gale, D Coffey, S Garcia, J Rodriguez, P Sommars, W Marshall, B Wysocki, F Siemon, R Faehl, R Forman, K Bartlett, R Cavazos, T Faehl, RJ Forman, K Frese, MH Fulton, D Gueits, JC Hussey, TW Kirkpatrick, R Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Letterio, JD Lindemuth, I McCullough, W Moses, R Peterkin, RE Reinovsky, RE Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Schoenberg, KF Scudder, D Shlachter, J Wurden, GA AF Intrator, T Taccetti, M Clark, DA Degnan, JH Gale, D Coffey, S Garcia, J Rodriguez, P Sommars, W Marshall, B Wysocki, F Siemon, R Faehl, R Forman, K Bartlett, R Cavazos, T Faehl, RJ Forman, K Frese, MH Fulton, D Gueits, JC Hussey, TW Kirkpatrick, R Kiuttu, GF Lehr, FM Letterio, JD Lindemuth, I McCullough, W Moses, R Peterkin, RE Reinovsky, RE Roderick, NF Ruden, EL Schoenberg, KF Scudder, D Shlachter, J Wurden, GA TI Experimental measurements of a converging flux conserver suitable for compressing a field reversed configuration for magnetized target fusion SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC IMPLOSION; LINER AB Data are presented that are part of a first step in establishing the scientific basis of magnetized target fusion (MTF) as a cost effective approach to fusion energy. A radially converging flux compressor shell with characteristics suitable for MTF is demonstrated to be feasible. The key scientific and engineering question for this experiment is whether the large radial force density required to uniformly pinch this cylindrical shell would do so without buckling or kinking its shape. The time evolution of the shell has been measured with several independent diagnostic methods. The uniformity, height to diameter ratio and radial convergence are all better than required to compress a high density field reversed configuration to fusion relevant temperature and density. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. Maxwell Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM USA. Bechtel Nevada Inc, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Intrator, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 AR PII S0029-5515(02)33477-X DI 10.1088/0029-5515/42/2/313 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 545JN UT WOS:000175213900013 ER PT J AU Maev, EM Andreev, VA Case, TA Crowe, KM Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J Fetisov, AA Ganzha, VA Herold, WD Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Krivchitch, AG Maev, OE Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prieels, R Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schmidt, R Semenchuk, GG Soroka, M Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI AF Maev, EM Andreev, VA Case, TA Crowe, KM Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J Fetisov, AA Ganzha, VA Herold, WD Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Krivchitch, AG Maev, OE Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prieels, R Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schmidt, R Semenchuk, GG Soroka, M Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI TI Study of high-pressure hydrogen-operated wire chambers designed for a precision measurement of the singlet mu p capture rate SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE hydrogen; MWPC; TPC; pressure; capture; muon AB This work was carried out as part of a project aiming at a greatly improved measurement of the muon capture rate using a new from the singlet state of the mup atom. The experiment will be performed at the intense muon beam of PSI using a new experimental method allowing high precision measurements of the lifetime of muons stopped in ultra-pure deuterium-depleted hydrogen (protium). The basic element of the detector is a time projection chamber operating in hydrogen gas at 10 bar pressure, The arrival times and trajectories of the incoming muons and the outgoing decay electrons are measured with this device providing effective suppression of background. The system of chambers and electronics is designed for the large muon stop rates required for attaining high statistical accuracy. During four beam periods at PSI, data were taken. Also, various studies of the MWPC performance in hydrogen were made including ageing studies of the chambers under irradiation with stopped muons and with alpha and beta sources. It was demonstrated that the MWPCs can operate in pure hydrogen under 10 bar pressure with gas gains up to 5000, which is sufficient for the detection of relativistic electrons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Div High Energy Phys, Gatchina 118350, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Maev, EM (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Div High Energy Phys, Gatchina 118350, St Petersburg, Russia. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 162 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01741-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01741-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100025 ER PT J AU Lebedev, A AF Lebedev, A TI A laser calibration system for the STAR TPC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE laser; calibration; tracking detector AB A Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the primary tracking detector for the STAR experiment at RHIC. A laser calibration system was built to calibrate and monitor the TPC tracking performance. The laser system uses a novel design which produces approximate to 500 thin, ionizing beams distributed throughout the tracking volume. This new approach is significantly simpler than the traditional ones, and provides complete TPC coverage at a reduced cost. The laser system was used during the RHIC 2000 summer run to measure drift velocities with about 0.02% accuracy and to monitor the TPC performance. Calibration runs were made with and without a magnetic field to check B field map corrections. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lebedev, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 165 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01747-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01747-8 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100026 ER PT J AU Thomas, JH AF Thomas, JH TI A TPC for measuring high multiplicity events at RHIC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE time project chamber; TPC; spectrometer; tracking ID STAR TPC AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ran for the first time in the summer of 2000 with Au beams circulating at rootS(NN) = 130 GeV and at approximately 100,0 of the machine's final design luminosity. We gathered data with the STAR Time Projection Chamber for 2 months and recorded events over a wide dynamic range of particle momenta and multiplicities. We reconstructed tracks with momenta from as low as 100 MeV/c to above 3 GeV/c, and we observed collisions with multiplicities ranging from 1 or 2 tracks per event in ultraperipheral collisions to 3000 tracks per event in central collisions. I will report on the design and performance of the STAR TPC in this demanding environment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Thomas, James/0000-0002-6256-4536 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 166 EP 169 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01748-X DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01748-X PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100027 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J Sharma, A AF Va'vra, J Sharma, A TI Single electron detection in quadruple-GEM detector with pad readout SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press ID MULTIPLIER GEM; GAS; PHOTOMULTIPLIER; SLD AB Using a system of four gas electron multipliers (GEMs) operating in tandem and coupled to pad readout, we have demonstrated the detection of single electrons in ethane at I bar. The paper presents measurements of single electron pulse height distributions, total gas gain measurement and calculation, pad-to-pad cross-talk, quenching capability, high rate capability, charging effects, etc. We describe the overall operational experience, including addition of a gaseous photocathode, TMAE, and compare it to the SLID CRID single-electron detector (Nucl. Instr, and Meth. A 343 (1994) 74; Va'vra, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 433 (1999) 59), which has been operational during the past decade. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SLAC Bin 62,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 244 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01763-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01763-6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100042 ER PT J AU Decowski, MP Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Garcia, E Goerge, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Holynski, R Hofman, DJ Holzman, B Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, AC Mulmenstadt, J Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Steinberg, P Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Decowski, MP Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Garcia, E Goerge, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Holynski, R Hofman, DJ Holzman, B Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Michalowski, J Mignerey, AC Mulmenstadt, J Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Stephans, GSF Steinberg, P Stodulski, M Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B TI Performance of the PHOBOS silicon sensors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE silicon pad detector; RHIC; heavy ion collision; silicon signal AB The PHOBOS detector is designed to study the physics of Au + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The detector is almost entirely made of silicon pad detectors and was fully operational during the first year of operation. The detector is described, and key performance characteristics are summarized. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanislaw Staszic Univ Min & Met, Dept Elect, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Decowski, MP (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; OI Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Reuter, Michael/0000-0003-3881-8310 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 302 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01814-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01814-9 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100056 ER PT J AU Li, Z Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, D Radeka, V Takahashi, J Zhang, WC AF Li, Z Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, D Radeka, V Takahashi, J Zhang, WC TI Novel prototype Si detector development and processing at BNL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE Si detectors; detector simulation; detector processing; radiation tolerance/hardness; Si drift detectors; microstrip detector; pixel detector ID SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS; HIGH IRRADIATION TOLERANCE; PIXEL DETECTORS; STAR EXPERIMENT; LHC APPLICATION; DESIGN; CONFIGURATIONS; N/CM(2) AB A variety of Si detectors have been developed and processed at BNL with its unique detector fabrication facility. These detectors include Si drift detectors (SDD); Si micro- and mm-strip detectors; Si pad detectors; and Si pixel detectors with a variety of configurations. In this paper, the details of the design and processing technology of large area SDD for the STAR SVT at RHIC, micro- and mm-strip detectors for CERN RD39/NA60 experiments, and radiation tolerant n/n, n/p pixel detectors for LHC experiments will be given. In addition, simulation results of new types of Si strip/pixel detectors with improved radiation tolerance will be presented for the first time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535B,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012 OI Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 310 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01815-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01815-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100057 ER PT J AU Casagrande, L Abreu, MC Borer, K De Falco, A Dezillie, B Granata, V Heijne, E Hess, M Li, Z Lourenco, C Neves, A Niinikoski, TO Palmieri, VG Pes, B Ramalhete, P Mendes, PR Rosinsky, P Ruggiero, G Seixas, J Sonderegger, P Sousa, P Usai, G Vandoni, G AF Casagrande, L Abreu, MC Borer, K De Falco, A Dezillie, B Granata, V Heijne, E Hess, M Li, Z Lourenco, C Neves, A Niinikoski, TO Palmieri, VG Pes, B Ramalhete, P Mendes, PR Rosinsky, P Ruggiero, G Seixas, J Sonderegger, P Sousa, P Usai, G Vandoni, G TI A new ultra radiation hard cryogenic silicon tracker for heavy ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE cryogenic silicon detectors; heavy ions ID CHARGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; DRIFT VELOCITY; TEMPERATURES AB We have designed and built a new hodoscope for heavy ion beams consisting of two tracking stations equipped with silicon microstrip detectors operated at 130 K. Preliminary results from tests performed in the high intensity CERN-SPS Pb ion beam show that we were able to detect and identify each incoming ion up to a beam intensity of similar to 10(7) ions/s. The beam profile could be monitored on-line with 50 mum resolution. The detector performed satisfactory even after a dose of 90 +/- 40 Grad. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. LIP, Faro, Portugal. Univ Bern, LHEP, Bern, Switzerland. Univ Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cagliari, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. IST, Lisbon, Portugal. Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Algarve, Faro, Portugal. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Casagrande, L (reprint author), CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RI Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Seixas, Joao/F-5441-2013; OI Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 329 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01819-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01819-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100061 ER PT J AU Fernandes, LMP Lopes, JAM Monteiro, CMB dos Santos, JMF Morgado, RE AF Fernandes, LMP Lopes, JAM Monteiro, CMB dos Santos, JMF Morgado, RE TI Non-linear behaviour of large-area avalanche photodiodes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE scintillation detectors; X-ray detectors; avalanche photodiodes AB The characterisation of photodiodes used as photosensors requires a determination of the number of electron-hole pairs produced by scintillation light. One method involves comparing signals produced by X-ray absorptions occurring directly in the avalanche photodiode with the light signals, When the light is derived from light-emitting diodes in the 400-600 nm range, significant non-linear behaviour is reported. In the present work, we extend the study of the linear behaviour to tar-e-area avalanche photodiodes, of Advanced Photonix, used as photosensors of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) scintillation light produced by argon (128 nm) and xenon (173 nm). We observed greater non-linearities in the avalanche photodiodes for the VUV scintillation light than reported previously for visible light, but considerably less than the non-linearities observed in other commercially available avalanche photodiodes. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morgado, RE (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RI matias-lopes, jose/H-6074-2012; dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015; Fernandes, Luis/E-2372-2011; OI matias-lopes, jose/0000-0002-6366-2963; Fernandes, Luis/0000-0002-7061-8768; Monteiro, Cristina Maria Bernardes/0000-0002-1912-2804; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 395 EP 399 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01781-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01781-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100076 ER PT J AU Fried, J Harder, JA Mahler, GJ Makowiecki, DS Mead, JA Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B AF Fried, J Harder, JA Mahler, GJ Makowiecki, DS Mead, JA Radeka, V Schaknowski, NA Smith, GC Yu, B TI A large, high performance, curved 2D position-sensitive neutron detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 19-23, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Fed Minist Educ Sci & Culture, Vienna Convent Bur, Univ Technol, Austrian Airlines, Bank Austria AG, Cambridge Univ Press DE neutron detector; position sensitive; interpolating readout; protein crystallography; MWPC AB A new position-sensitive neutron detector has been designed and constructed for a protein crystallography station at LANL's pulsed neutron source. This station will be one of the most advanced instruments at a major neutron user facility for protein crystallography, fiber and membrane diffraction. The detector, based on neutron absorption in (3)He, has a large sensitive area of 3000 cm 2, angular coverage of 120degrees, timing resolution of 1 mus, rate capability in excess of 10(6) s(-1), position resolution of about 1.5 mm FWHM, and efficiency > 50% for neutrons of interest in the range 1-10 Angstrom. Features that are key to these remarkable specifications are the utilization of eight independently operating segments within a single gas volume, fabrication of the detector vessel and internal segments with a radius of curvature of about 70 cm, optimized position readout based on charge division and signal shaping with gated baseline restoration, and engineering design with high-strength aluminum alloy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Bldg 535B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yu@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 415 EP 419 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01787-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01787-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 527UB UT WOS:000174205100080 ER PT J AU Saito, N AF Saito, N TI Spin physics program at RHIC: The first polarized-proton collider SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL TRENT, ITALY ID DRELL-YAN PROCESS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(N); PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; MUON SCATTERING; PP COLLISIONS; SINGLE-SPIN; ASYMMETRIES; DEUTERON AB Polarized pp collisions at high energy will provide a unique opportunity to study the spin structure of the nucleon and the symmetries in nature. The physics program with polarized beams at RHIC is overviewed with the expected sensitivities and the successful commissioning of the first polarized proton beam at RHIC is reported. C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Saito, N (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 105 BP 47 EP 51 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01949-1 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01949-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 528KN UT WOS:000174243100006 ER PT J AU Perdekamp, MG AF Perdekamp, MG TI Future transversity measurements: Experimental aspects SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL TRENT, ITALY ID SPIN ASYMMETRIES; FRAGMENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS; HADRON AB Recent experimental results from the HERMES collaboration at DESY and the SMC collaboration at CERN suggest that it may be possible to access nucleon transversity distributions through the measurement of transverse single spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive hard scattering processes. In this paper we review current and future experimental activities to measure transversity. We include a discussion of the measurement of the relevant fragmentation functions in e(+)e(-) annihilation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Perdekamp, MG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 105 BP 71 EP 75 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01954-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01954-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 528KN UT WOS:000174243100011 ER PT J AU Stratmann, M Vogelsang, W AF Stratmann, M Vogelsang, W TI Partons and QCD in high-energy polarized pp collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL TRENT, ITALY ID DIRECT PHOTON PRODUCTION; TO-LEADING-ORDER; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPIN STRUCTURE; GLOBAL QCD; RESUMMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON; TARGET; SCATTERING AB We present and use a technique for implementing in a fast way, and without any approximations, higher-order calculations of partonic cross sections into global analyses of parton distribution functions. The approach, which is set up in Mellin-moment space, is particularly suited for analyses of future data from polarized proton-proton collisions at RHIC, but not limited to this case. We also briefly discuss the effects-of soft-gluon resummations on spin asymmetries. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stratmann, M (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. OI Stratmann, Marco/0000-0001-7125-8701 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 105 BP 134 EP 139 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01968-5 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01968-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 528KN UT WOS:000174243100025 ER PT J AU Hughes, VW Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Debevec, PT Deile, M Deng, H Deninger, W Dhawan, SK Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, F Grigoriev, D Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossmann, A Hare, MF Hertzog, DW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Kawamur, M Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, CJG Orlov, Y Ozben, CS Paley, JM Polly, C Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, N Sedykh, S Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, EP Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Timmermans, C Trofimov, A Urner, D von Walter, P Warburton, D Winn, D Yamamoto, A Zimmerman, D AF Hughes, VW Brown, HN Bunce, G Carey, RM Cushman, P Danby, GT Debevec, PT Deile, M Deng, H Deninger, W Dhawan, SK Druzhinin, VP Duong, L Efstathiadis, E Farley, FJM Fedotovich, GV Giron, S Gray, F Grigoriev, D Grosse-Perdekamp, M Grossmann, A Hare, MF Hertzog, DW Iwasaki, M Jungmann, K Kawall, D Kawamur, M Khazin, BI Kindem, J Krienen, F Kronkvist, I Larsen, R Lee, YY Logashenko, I McNabb, R Meng, W Mi, J Miller, JP Morse, WM Nikas, D Onderwater, CJG Orlov, Y Ozben, CS Paley, JM Polly, C Pretz, J Prigl, R Putlitz, GZ Redin, SI Rind, O Roberts, BL Ryskulov, N Sedykh, S Semertzidis, YK Shatunov, YM Sichtermann, EP Solodov, E Sossong, M Steinmetz, A Sulak, LR Timmermans, C Trofimov, A Urner, D von Walter, P Warburton, D Winn, D Yamamoto, A Zimmerman, D TI Muon g-2 experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL TRENT, ITALY AB A precise measurement of the anomalous g value, a(mu)(+) = (g - 2)/2, for the positive muon has been made at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. The result a(mu)(+) = 11 659 202(14)(6) x 10(-10) (1.3 ppm) is in good agreement with previous measurements and has an error one third that of the combined previous data. The current theoretical value from the standard model is a(mu) (SM)= 11 659 159.6(6.7) x 10(-10) (0.57 ppm) and a(mu)(exp)-a(mu)(SM) = 42(16) x 10(-10) in which a(mu)(exp) is the world average experimental value. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Hughes, VW (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Semertzidis, Yannis K./N-1002-2013; Logashenko, Ivan/A-3872-2014; Iwasaki, Masahiko/M-8433-2014; OI jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; Iwasaki, Masahiko/0000-0002-3460-9469; Gray, Frederick/0000-0003-4073-8336 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 105 BP 156 EP 159 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01972-7 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01972-7 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 528KN UT WOS:000174243100029 ER PT J AU Deshpande, AL AF Deshpande, AL TI The EIC project: Physics prospects and present status SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics CY JUL 23-28, 2001 CL TRENT, ITALY ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1)(P); TARGET AB Significant advances in the understanding of the nucleon spin structure and the structure of heavy nuclei are possible if they are studied in future using deep inelastic scattering with a high luminosity a collider. Compared to fixed target experiments, a collider allows access to higher roots, and also allows access to target fragments to be accessed with a suitably designed detector. This paper describes the status & the physics prospects of one such proposal, the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), presently being considered in the US. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Deshpande, AL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 105 BP 178 EP 184 AR PII S0920-5632(01)01977-6 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(01)01977-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 528KN UT WOS:000174243100034 ER PT J AU Pautz, SD AF Pautz, SD TI An algorithm for parallel S-n sweeps on unstructured meshes SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A new algorithm for performing parallel S, sweeps on unstructured meshes is developed. The algorithm uses a low-complexity list ordering heuristic to determine a sweep ordering on any partitioned mesh. For typical problems and with "normal" mesh partitionings, nearly linear speedups on up to 126 processors are observed. This is an important and desirable result, since although analyses of structured meshes indicate that parallel sweeps will not scale with normal partitioning approaches, no severe asymptotic degradation in the parallel efficiency is observed with modest (less than or equal to100) levels of parallelism. This result is a fundamental step in the development of efficient parallel S-n methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pautz, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, CCS-4,POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 111 EP 136 PG 26 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 520BY UT WOS:000173761300001 ER PT J AU Ginestar, D Verdu, G March-Leuba, J AF Ginestar, D Verdu, G March-Leuba, J TI Thermohydraulics oscillations and numerical integration SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BOILING WATER-REACTORS AB There is currently much interest in developing new codes and improving the existing ones to be able to predict instabilities of nuclear power reactors. Stability calculations are very sensitive to the models used for the reactor and the numerical methods used to integrate them. To clarify this dependence, a simplified thermohydraulic model has been proposed, and several numerical schemes have been used to integrate the model. A numerical example has been analyzed showing that the behavior of the solution depends mainly on the spatial discretization used C1 Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Valencia 46022, Spain. Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Ingn Quim & Nucl, Valencia 46022, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat & Controls, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ginestar, D (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Camino Vera 14, Valencia 46022, Spain. RI Ginestar, Damian/L-2803-2014; OI Ginestar, Damian/0000-0003-1243-6648; March-Leuba, Jose/0000-0002-2173-8552 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 140 IS 2 BP 172 EP 180 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 520BY UT WOS:000173761300005 ER PT J AU Loewen, EP Weaver, KD Hohorst, JK AF Loewen, EP Weaver, KD Hohorst, JK TI Reactivity, isotopic, and thermal steady-state analysis of homogeneous thoria-urania fuel SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fuel performance; fuel cycle; thoda-urania AB Recent investigations into the performance and economics of mixed thoria-urania fuel cycles demonstrate potential advantages at high burnup. Initial neutronic and fuel behavior calculations for several ThO2-UO2 mixtures being considered for use in commercial nuclear power plants are described. The Monte Carlo N-Particle-Origen2 Coupled Utility Program (MOCUP) was used to analyze the reactivity characteristics and isotopic concentrations Of unit fuel pins/cells and lattice/assembly models as a function of burnup and reactivity. Neutronic results for a three-batch 6-yr cycle for each of three proposed ThO2-UO2 mixtures with the UO2 enriched to 19.5% U-235 are presented. Neutronic results show that fuels fabricated from ThO2-UO2 MiXtUres can reach all average discharge burnup of lip to 70 MWd/kgHM, which will increase the time between refueling and decrease the production of weapons-grade plutonium by a factor of 3 as compared to all-urania fuel. A version of FRAPCON-3, modified to handle pure thoria and ThO2-UO2 mixtures, was used for the fuel performance and behavior calculations. The new version called FRAPCON-3Th includes the updated material property models for thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, emissivity, thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity, and melting temperature to predict fuel behavior for pure ThO2 or ThO2/UO2 mixed fuel. For a concentration of 75% ThO2/25% UO2, initial fuel performance parameters (peak centerline temperature, gap conductance, thermal expansion, etc.) predicted operating conditions are better than those of current UO2 fuel. A ThO2-ThO2/UO2 thermal conductivity model is still in the development stage. For all fuel calculations, an interim model that interpolates between the Belle and Berman predicted thermal conductivity using a correction factor for radiant heat transport and the MATPRO-predicted thermal conductivity for UO2 was applied. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Adv Nucl Energy Prod, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Loewen, EP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Adv Nucl Energy Prod, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 137 IS 2 BP 97 EP 110 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 513HE UT WOS:000173371600003 ER PT J AU Paul, PK Gregory, MV Aldemir, T AF Paul, PK Gregory, MV Aldemir, T TI An optimization scheme for high-level-waste removal sequencing using ProdMod SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-level waste; optimization; Savannah River Site AB A dynamic optimization scheme has been developed to generate high-level-waste (HLW) blending sequences that optimize waste-processing parameters such as raw waste volume processed in a batch, waste-processing time, orwaste-processing cost. The optimization algorithm takes advantage of the linear algebraic equation formulation and the continuous-discrete event mapping algorithms used in the Production Planning Model (ProdMod) simulator development. The FORTRAN-based optimizer is interfaced with the SPEEDUP-based dynamic process simulator ProdMod. The optimization scheme has been successfully implemented to maximize the amount of raw waste volume processed in a batch for one of the salt-processing options at the Savannah River Site HLW complex. Parametric studies demonstrate that this optimization scheme provides a realistic approach for guiding the operation of HLW complexes. The optimization scheme is applicable to other sites in the nuclear waste complex (e.g., Hanford) and also for process industries where the dynamics are simulated using Aspen Technology's SPEEDUP soft-ware development package. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Paul, PK (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 137 IS 2 BP 147 EP 162 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 513HE UT WOS:000173371600007 ER PT J AU Chekanova, JA Dutko, JA Mian, IS Belostotsky, DA AF Chekanova, JA Dutko, JA Mian, IS Belostotsky, DA TI Arabidopsis thaliana exosome subunit AtRrp4p is a hydrolytic 3 '-> 5 ' exonuclease containing S1 and KH RNA-binding domains SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PM-SCL; POLY(A) TAIL; COMPLEX; PROTEIN; POLYMERASE; INITIATION; PLANT AB The exosome, an evolutionarily conserved complex of multiple 3'-->5' exoribonucleases, is responsible for a variety of RNA processing and degradation events in eukaryotes. In this report Arabidopsis thaliana AtRrp4p is shown to be an active 3'-->5' exonuclease that requires a free 3'-hydroxyl and degrades RNA hydrolytically and distributively, releasing nucleoside 5'-monophosphate products. AtRrp4p behaves as an similar to500 kDa species during sedimentation through a 10-30% glycerol gradient, co-migrating with AtRrp41p, another exosome subunit, and it interacts in vitro with AtRrp41p, suggesting that it is also present in the plant cell as a subunit of the exosome. We found that, in addition to a previously reported S1-type RNA-binding domain, members of the Rrp4p family of proteins contain a KH-type RNA-binding domain in the C-terminal half and show that either domain alone can bind RNA. However, only the full-length protein is capable of degrading RNA and interacting with AtRrp41p. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Biol Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Radiat Biol & Environm Toxicol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Belostotsky, DA (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Biol Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NR 21 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1093/nar/30.3.695 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 517WK UT WOS:000173633300013 PM 11809881 ER PT J AU Carr, RD Lancia, G AF Carr, RD Lancia, G TI Compact vs. exponential-size LP relaxations SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE linear program; integer program; separation; compact optimization ID COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION AB In this paper, we illustrate by means of examples a technique for formulating compact (i.e. polynomial-size) linear programming relaxations in place of exponential-size models requiring separation algorithms. In the same vein as a celebrated theorem by Grotschel, Lovasz and Schrijver, we state the equivalence of compact separation and compact optimization. Among the examples used to illustrate our technique, we introduce a new formulation for the traveling salesman problem, whose relaxation we show as an equivalent to the subtour elimination relaxation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Elettron & Informat, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Carr, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6377 J9 OPER RES LETT JI Oper. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 AR PII S0167-6377(01)00106-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-6377(01)00106-7 PG 9 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 576XG UT WOS:000177032000010 ER PT J AU Chiang, AC Lin, YY Huang, YC Babzien, M AF Chiang, AC Lin, YY Huang, YC Babzien, M TI Laser-induced damage threshold at chemical vapor deposition-grown diamond surfaces for 200-ps CO2 laser pulses SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CVD DIAMOND AB We report laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) at chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown diamond surfaces for 200-ps CO2 laser pulses, obtained with photoacoustic diagnostics. The results are compared with those at ZnSe and Ge surfaces under the same experimental condition. For 200-ps laser pulses, CVD diamond, ZnSe, and Ge were measured and found to have damage fluences of 1.2, 0.45, and 0.2 J/cm(2), respectively, for a laser waist radius of 134 mum. Acoustic measurement indicated a relatively large variation in the LIDT of the CVD-grown diamond because of its polycrystalline structure. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chiang, AC (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000164 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 514PA UT WOS:000173449200006 PM 18007743 ER PT J AU Myers, TL Williams, RM Taubman, MS Gmachl, C Capasso, F Sivco, DL Baillargeon, JN Cho, AY AF Myers, TL Williams, RM Taubman, MS Gmachl, C Capasso, F Sivco, DL Baillargeon, JN Cho, AY TI Free-running frequency stability of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB The intrinsic frequency fluctuations of two single-mode quantum cascade (QC) distributed-feedback lasers operating continuously at a wavelength of 8.5 mum are reported. A Doppler-limited rovibrational resonance of nitrous oxide is used to transform the frequency noise into measurable intensity fluctuations. The QC lasers, along with recently improved current controllers, exhibit a free-running frequency stability of 150 kHz over a 15-ms time interval. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Myers, TL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 170 EP 172 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000170 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 514PA UT WOS:000173449200008 PM 18007745 ER PT J AU Susan, DF Marder, AR AF Susan, DF Marder, AR TI Oxidation of Ni-Al-base electrodeposited composite coatings. I: Oxidation kinetics and morphology at 800 degrees C SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE coatings; Ni-Al alloys; microstructure; thermogavimetric analysis; kinetics ID OXYGEN PARTIAL-PRESSURE; NICKEL-ALUMINUM ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS; INTERNAL OXIDATION; NI3AL; BEHAVIOR; GAMMA'-NI3AL; OXIDE; DIFFUSION AB The oxidation of nickel-matrix/aluminium-particle composite coatings was studied using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis in air at 800degreesC for lip to 100 hr. Long-term oxidation behavior was investigated with furnace exposures up to 2000 hr. The coatings were applied to nickel substrates by the composite electrodeposition technique and vacuum heat treated for 3-hr at 825degreesC prior to oxidation testing. The heat-treated coatings contained a two-phase gamma(Ni) + gamma'(Ni3Al) microstructure and the overall coating composition was approximately 7 wt.% Al. Also examined were uncoated nickel substrates and bulk Ni-Al alloys containing 6.2, 9.0, and 14 wt.% Al. For all samples, mass-gain kinetics were obtained from thermogravimetric (TG) experiments and furnace exposures and the composition and morphology of the oxidation products were examined using optical microscopy, scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), electron-probe microanalysis, (EPMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). An outer NiO layer and an inner gamma-Al2O3 layer formed on the composite-coating surface. The addition of a small amount of Si (about 1-2 at.%) was found to have little effect on Ni-Al composite-coating oxidation behavior. The Ni-Al coatings behave similarly to bulk gamma+gamma'(Ni3Al) or single-phase gamma'(Ni3Al). In addition, at lower temperatures, such as 800degreesC, the coatings benefit from a small grain size that enhances Al diffusion to the surface to form the protective alumina layer. Based on oxidation kinetics and morphology, a critical Al content of about 6 wt.% was found, below which internal oxidation and higher oxidation mass gains were observed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Susan, DF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 157 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/0200-0131/0 DI 10.1023/A:1013398830293 PG 27 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 523CE UT WOS:000173933600008 ER PT J AU Susan, DF Marder, AR AF Susan, DF Marder, AR TI Oxidation of Ni-Al-base electrodeposited composite coatings. II: Oxidation kinetics and morphology at 1000 degrees C SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE coatings; Ni-Al alloys; microstructurc; thermogravimetric analysis; kinetics ID THIN-FILM REACTIONS; NICKEL-OXIDE; NI3AL; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; MECHANISM; YTTRIUM; COUPLES; GROWTH; ALLOY AB The oxidation behavior of nickel-matrix/aluminium-particle composite coatings was studied using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and long-term furnace exposure in air at 1000degreesC. The coatings were applied by the composite-electrodeposition technique and vacuum heat treated for 3 hr at 825degreesC prior to oxidation testing. The heat-treated coatings consisted of a two-phase mixture of gamma(Ni)+gamma'(Ni3Al). During short-term exposure at 1000degreesC, a thin alpha-Al2O3 layer developed below a matrix of spinel NiAl2O4, with theta-Al2O3 needles at the outer oxide surface. After 100 hr of oxidation, remnants of theta-Al2O3 are present with spinel at the surface and an inner layer of alpha-Al2O3. After 1000-2000 hr, a relatively thick layer of alpha-Al2O3 is found below a thin, outer spinel layer. Oxidation kinetics are controlled by the slow growth of the inner Al2O3 layer at short-term and intermediate exposures. At long times, an increase in mass gain is found due to oxidation at the coating-substrate interface and enhanced scale formation possibly in areas of reduced Al content. Ternary Si additions to Ni-Al composite coatings were found to have little effect on oxidation performance. Comparison of coatings with bulk Ni-Al alloys showed that low Al gamma-alloys exhibit a healing Al2O3 layer after transient Ni-rich oxide growth. Higher Al alloys display Al2O3-controlled kinetics with low mass gain during TG analysis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Susan, DF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 180 AR UNSP 0030-770X/02/0200-0159/0 DI 10.1023/A:1013350914363 PG 22 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 523CE UT WOS:000173933600009 ER PT J AU Malard, JM AF Malard, JM TI Parallel restricted maximum likelihood estimation for linear models with a dense exogenous matrix SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Parallel Matrix Algorithms and Applications CY AUG 18-20, 2000 CL NEUCHATEL, SWITZERLAND DE parallel computing; covariance matrix estimation; restricted maximum likelihood; linear models; numerical optimization AB Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of variance-covariance matrices is an optimization problem that has both scientific and industrial applications. Parallel REML gradient algorithms are presented and compared for linear models whose covariance matrix is large, sparse and possibly unstructured. These algorithms are implemented using publicly available toolkits and demonstrate that REML estimates of large, sparse covariance matrices can be computed efficiently on multicomputers with hundreds of processors by using an effective mixture of data distributions together with a mixture of dense and sparse linear algebra kernels. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Malard, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S0167-8191(01)00143-0 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 512PL UT WOS:000173332700011 ER PT J AU Tandori, J Miksovska, J Valerio-Lepiniec, M Schiffer, M Maroti, P Hanson, DK Sebban, P AF Tandori, J Miksovska, J Valerio-Lepiniec, M Schiffer, M Maroti, P Hanson, DK Sebban, P TI Proton uptake of Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction center mutants modified in the primary quinone environment SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; INDUCED STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SECONDARY QUINONE; SPHAEROIDES R-26; FREE-ENERGY; BINDING-SITE; H+ BINDING AB Flash-induced absorbance spectroscopy was used to analyze the proton uptake and electron transfer properties of photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) of Rhodobacter capsulatus that have been genetically modified near the primary quinone electron acceptor (Q(A)). M246Ala and M247Ala, which are symmetry-related to the positions of two acidic groups, L212Glu and L213Asp, in the secondary quinone electron acceptor (Q(B)) protein environment, have been mutated to Glu and Asp, respectively. The pH dependence of the stoichiometry of proton uptake upon formation of the P+Q(A)(-) (H+/P(+)Q(A)(-)) and PQ(A)(-) (H+/Q(A)(-)) (P is the primary electron donor, a noncovalently linked bacteriochlorophyll dieter) states have been measured in the M246Ala --> Glu and the M247Ala --> Asp mutant RC, in the M246Ala-M247Ala --> Glu-Asp double mutant and in the wild type (WT). Our results show that the introduction of an acidic group (Glu or Asp) in the Q(A) protein region induces notable additional proton uptake over a large pH region (similar to6-9), which reflects a delocalized response of the protein to the formation of Q(A). This may indicate the existence of a widely spread proton reservoir in the cytoplasmic region of the protein. Interestingly, the pH titration curves of the proton release caused by the formation of P+ (H+/P+: difference between H+/P(+)Q(A)(-) and H+/PQ(A) curves) are nearly superimposable in the WT and the M246Ala --> Glu mutant RC, but substantial additional proton release is detected between pH 7 and 9 in the M247Ala --> Asp mutant RC. This effect can be accounted for by an increased proton re-lease by the P+ environment in the M247Ala --> Asp mutant. The M247Ala -->. Asp mutation reveals the existence of an energetic and conformational coupling between donor and acceptor sides of the RC at a distance of nearly 30Angstrom. C1 CNRS, Ctr Genet Mol, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Szeged, Dept Biophys, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. RP Sebban, P (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Genet Mol, Batiment 24, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0126:PUORCR>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 526CU UT WOS:000174111500007 PM 11883600 ER PT J AU Lal, J Gilbert, EP Auvray, L AF Lal, J Gilbert, EP Auvray, L TI Confinement of neutral and charged polymer chains in nanoporous glass SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scattering Studies of Mesoscopic Scale Structure and Dynamics in Soft Matter CY NOV 22-25, 2000 CL MESSINA, ITALY DE polymer; small angle neutron scattering; confinement ID SCATTERING; POLYION AB The differences in structure between neutral and charged polymer chains has been determined using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Experiments were performed on both neutral and charged chains, both in bulk and under confinement. Single chain conformation was measured in all cases using the condition of zero average contrast. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Lal, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Gilbert, Elliot/A-5566-2010; Auvray, Loic/J-7577-2012 OI Gilbert, Elliot/0000-0001-6413-7813; Auvray, Loic/0000-0003-1736-5578 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00520-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518BC UT WOS:000173645500028 ER PT J AU Triolo, A Lo Celso, F Arrighi, V Strunz, P Lechner, RE Mastragostino, M Passerini, S Annis, BK Triolo, R AF Triolo, A Lo Celso, F Arrighi, V Strunz, P Lechner, RE Mastragostino, M Passerini, S Annis, BK Triolo, R TI Structural and dynamical characterization of melt PEO-salt mixtures SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Scattering Studies of Mesoscopic Scale Structure and Dynamics in Soft Matter CY NOV 22-25, 2000 CL MESSINA, ITALY ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)/LII MELTS; SIMULATIONS; RELAXATION AB Salt doped poly ethylene oxide (PEO) mixtures were investigated by means of both small angle neutron scattering and QENS techniques aiming to characterize morphological and dynamical features in the melt state. These experimental evidences provide support to the proposed heterogeneous scenario for polymer electrolytes. In particular, the existence of PEO-cation complexes is proposed to play a major role in intramolecular cooperation and intermolecular transient crosslinks. which affects the mixture properties. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 BENSC, Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Chem, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. ENEA, Electrochem Energy Convers Div, Rome, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Triolo, A (reprint author), BENSC, Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RI Triolo, Alessandro/B-7760-2008; Lo Celso, Fabrizio/B-7554-2012; Strunz, Pavel/D-1610-2011; Passerini, Stefano/A-3859-2015; Triolo, Alessandro/A-4431-2012; Arrighi, Valeria/F-4238-2016 OI Strunz, Pavel/0000-0002-0829-4926; Passerini, Stefano/0000-0002-6606-5304; Triolo, Alessandro/0000-0003-4074-0743; Arrighi, Valeria/0000-0002-4245-3249 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(01)00536-2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 518BC UT WOS:000173645500037 ER PT J AU Liang, B Lin, CT Maljuk, A Yan, Y AF Liang, B Lin, CT Maljuk, A Yan, Y TI Effect of vacuum annealing on the structure and superconductivity of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE single crystal; Bi-2212; structure; superconductivity ID CU-O SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; OXYGEN-CONTENT; INCOMMENSURATE MODULATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; T-C; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; STOICHIOMETRY; RESISTIVITY AB The effect of annealing on the structure and superconductivity of Bi2Sr2CaCU2O8-delta has been investigated on high-quality and large single crystals grown by the traveling solvent floating zone technique, Vacuum annealing was carried out on crystals sealed in quartz ampoules under different oxygen pressure ranging from 8 x 10(-1) to 5 x 10(-4) bar. The as-grown and post-annealed crystals were explored by induction-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD). transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetization measurements. It was demonstrated that the oxygen homogeneity of the as-grown crystals has a direct influence on the post-annealed samples. The superconducting transition temperature. T-c was found to be affected more strongly by the annealing oxygen partial pressures. rho(O-2) than by the annealing temperature, T-c decreases considerably from 92 to 29 K with decreasing rho(O-2) from 1 down to 4 x 10(-2) bar. however. increases surprisingly to 62 K with further decreasing rho(O-2) to 5 x 10(-4) bar. The transitions remain relatively sharp for the samples annealed under rho(O-2) = 8 x 10(-1) -4 x 10(-2) bar, with no evidence of significant structural change by powder XRD measurement. XRD studies indicate that the crystals have orthorhombic symmetry. The refinement result for XRD data shows that the c-axis expands. while both a- and b-axis contract slightly with decreasing rho(O-2). The relation between T-c and the c-axis lattice parameter suggests that the change of T-c is correlated with a redistribution of holes between the Bi-O layers and the Cu-O planes. Impurity phases were found to segregate from samples annealed under rho(O-2) < 4 x 10(-2) bar. The one-dimensional incommensurate superstructure along the b-axis was observed by TEM in the crystal annealed at rho(O-2) = 1 x 10(-3) bar. The lattice strain caused by the high-vacuum annealing possibly affect the Cu-O-Cu angle and lead to an anomalous change in T-c (D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Irradiat Performance Sect, Argonne, IL 60419 USA. RP Liang, B (reprint author), Max Planck Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM liang@kmr.mpi-stuttgart.mpg.de NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 366 IS 4 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00910-8 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514FJ UT WOS:000173427800005 ER PT J AU Ma, B Li, M Jee, YA Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Balachandran, U AF Ma, B Li, M Jee, YA Koritala, RE Fisher, BL Balachandran, U TI Inclined-substrate deposition of biaxially textured magnesium oxide thin films for YBCO coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO thin film; coated conductors; inclined-substrate deposition; biaxial texture ID BICRYSTALS; MGO AB Highly textured MgO films were grown by the inclined-substrate deposition (ISD) technique at a high deposition rate. A columnar grain with a roofing-tile-shaped surface was observed in these MgO films. X-ray pole figure, and phi- and omega-scan were used to characterize in-plane and out-of-plane textures. MgO films deposited when the incline angle alpha was 55degrees and 30degrees exhibited the best in-plane and out-of-plane texture, respectively. High-quality YBCO films were epitaxially grown on ISD-MgO-buffered Hastelloy C substrates by pulsed laser deposition. T-c = 88 K, with sharp transition. and j(c), values of approximate to2 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K in zero field were observed on films 5 mm wide and 1 cm long. This work has demonstrated that biaxially textured ISD MgO buffer layers deposited on metal substrates are excellent candidates for fabrication of high-quality YBCO coated conductors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 212, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 366 IS 4 BP 270 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00905-4 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 514FJ UT WOS:000173427800007 ER PT J AU Ivanov, IA Mitroy, J Varga, K AF Ivanov, IA Mitroy, J Varga, K TI Positronium-positronium scattering using the stochastic variational method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FEW-BODY PROBLEMS; ATOMS; CONDENSATION; MODEL AB The stochastic variational method is used in conjunction with stabilization ideas to compute the low-energy s-wave phase shifts and scattering lengths for Ps-Ps scattering. The scattering lengths obtained were 8.44a(0) for the singlet-singlet and 3.00a(0) for the triplet-triplet states (the spin state refers to the coupling of the two electrons and the coupling of the two positrons in the system). The positive scattering length in the triplet-triplet channel means a stable Bose-Einstein condensate of triplet Ps atoms is physically possible. The large value of the (3)Ps(3)Ps--> (1)Ps(1)Ps cross section, 7.41pia(0)(2) suggests the use of spin-polarized positrons as advanced by Platzmann and Mills. C1 No Terr Univ, Fac Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mitroy, J (reprint author), No Terr Univ, Fac Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. RI Mitroy, Jim/B-6371-2009; Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013; Mitroy, James/N-2162-2013; Ivanov, Igor/F-8462-2014 OI Mitroy, James/0000-0002-2477-1251; NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 022704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.022704 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500066 ER PT J AU Mizel, A Mitchell, MW Cohen, ML AF Mizel, A Mitchell, MW Cohen, ML TI Scaling considerations in ground-state quantum computation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; LOGIC; DOTS AB We study design challenges associated with realizing a ground-state quantum computer, In such a computer, it is necessary that the energy gap between the ground state and first excited state be sufficiently large to prevent disruptive excitations. Here an estimate of this gap is provided as a function of computer size. We then address the problem of detecting the output of a ground-state quantum computer. It is shown that the exponential detection difficulties that appear to be present at first can be overcome by small design changes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mizel, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mitchell, Morgan/I-9027-2012 OI Mitchell, Morgan/0000-0001-8949-9407 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 022315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.022315 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500044 ER PT J AU Safronova, UI Namba, C Albritton, JR Johnson, WR Safronova, MS AF Safronova, UI Namba, C Albritton, JR Johnson, WR Safronova, MS TI Relativistic many-body calculations of energies of n=3 states in aluminumlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL DATA; GROTRIAN DIAGRAMS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; TRANSITIONS; XXVII; VIII; XVI; XXX AB Energies of 3l3l'3l" states of aluminumlike ions with Z=14-100 are evaluated to second order in relativistic many-body perturbation theory starting from a 1s(2)2s(2)2p(6) Dirac-Fock potential. Intrinsic three-particle contributions to the energy are included in the present calculation and found to contribute about 10-20 % of the total second-order energy. Corrections for the frequency-dependent Breit interaction and the Lamb shift are included in lowest order. A detailed discussion of contributions to the energy levels is given for aluminumlike germanium (Z=32). Comparisons are made with available experimental data. We obtain excellent agreement for term splitting, even for low-Z ions. These calculations are presented as a theoretical benchmark for comparison with experiment and theory. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Safronova, UI (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 022507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.022507 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500057 ER PT J AU Staudte, A Cocke, CL Prior, AH Belkacem, A Ray, C Chong, HW Glover, TE Schoenlein, RW Saalmann, U AF Staudte, A Cocke, CL Prior, AH Belkacem, A Ray, C Chong, HW Glover, TE Schoenlein, RW Saalmann, U TI Observation of a nearly isotropic, high-energy Coulomb explosion group in the fragmentation of D-2 by short laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE-ENHANCED IONIZATION; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; MOLECULAR-IONS; FIELD; H-2(+); FEMTOSECOND; 2-COLOR AB We have used momentum spectroscopy to examine the production of deuteron pairs in the double ionization of D-2 molecules by a fast (<200 fs), moderately intense [(0.65-8.0) x 10(14) W/cm(2)] laser pulse. By measuring in coincidence the momentum vectors of both deuterons, we have isolated, at the lowest laser power density, a weak ionization channel characterized by Coulomb-explosion deuterons with a sum energy near 10 eV. This is much higher than has been seen in previous studies. The angular distribution of these deuterons is nearly isotropic, in contrast to previous observations that the deuterons are strongly peaked along the laser polarization. These new observations suggest a previously unobserved ionization mechanism. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Staudte, A (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 020703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.020703 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500003 ER PT J AU Stokely, CL Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Pattanayak, AK AF Stokely, CL Dunning, FB Reinhold, CO Pattanayak, AK TI Transient phase-space localization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID WAVEPACKETS; PULSES; CHAOS AB We show that dynamics can, in general, be used to enhance the coherence of a Hamiltonian ensemble and we analyze the transient coherence using the coarse-grained entropy. We illustrate this concept using a Rydberg atom subject to an impulsive momentum transfer or "kick." Classical simulations predict that the wave packet generated by the kick undergoes strong transient phase-space localization, which forms an excellent starting point for its further control and manipulation. Moreover, we show that such localized states can be "trapped" for extended periods using a train of subsequent kicks. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Carleton Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. RP Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 021405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.65.021405 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 522DB UT WOS:000173879500008 ER PT J AU Brandow, BH AF Brandow, BH TI Arguments and evidence for a node-containing anisotropic s-wave gap form in the cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-T-C; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ORDER-PARAMETER SYMMETRY; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC RAMAN-SCATTERING; GRAIN-BOUNDARY JUNCTIONS; PHASE-SENSITIVE TEST; DENSITY-OF-STATES; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE SPECTROSCOPY AB Although not widely recognized, there is much evidence suggesting that the superconducting cuprates have an anisotropic s-wave type of gap form, a form which is usually so highly anisotropic that it contains gap nodes and regions of opposite sign. This evidence is presented and reviewed. This evidence motivates a search for s-wave explanations of the many experiments which seem to require the d-wave gap form. s- wave explanations are presented here for three of the phase-sensitive Josephson tunnelling experiments, experiments which are widely regarded as some of the most convincing evidence for the x(2)-y(2) d-wave gap form, A key feature in all of these explanations is orthorhombicity. Although the evidence and reinterpretations of phase-sensitive experiments clearly improve the credibility of the anisotropic-s gap form, some important issues are still unsettled and the question of the gap form remains open. An experimental test is proposed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 253 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 054503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054503 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000076 ER PT J AU Choi, J Zhu, ZT Musfeldt, JL Ragghianti, G Mandrus, D Sales, BC Thompson, JR AF Choi, J Zhu, ZT Musfeldt, JL Ragghianti, G Mandrus, D Sales, BC Thompson, JR TI Local symmetry breaking in K2V3O8 as studied by infrared spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM-OXIDES; PHASE AB We report the vibrational properties of quasi-two-dimensional K2V3O8 as a function of temperature. Based on the splitting of the 990-cm(-1) c-axis phonon mode into a doublet, we conclude that the 110-K transition is driven by a local distortion of the VO5 square pyramids. At lower temperature, red shifting of two ab-plane phonon modes motivates us to identify an additional, more modest relaxation near 60 K. These observations are supported by an analysis of the electronic structure as well as other physical-property measurements including the permittivity, specific beat, and magnetization. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choi, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Zhu, Zhengtao/A-1633-2009; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Zhu, Zhengtao/0000-0002-9311-2110; NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 054101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054101 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000032 ER PT J AU Fujita, M Yamada, K Hiraka, H Gehring, PM Lee, SH Wakimoto, S Shirane, G AF Fujita, M Yamada, K Hiraka, H Gehring, PM Lee, SH Wakimoto, S Shirane, G TI Static magnetic correlations near the insulating-superconducting phase boundary in La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FLOATING-ZONE FURNACE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DOPED LA2-XSR(X)CUO4; SPIN CORRELATIONS; ORDER; LA1.88SR0.12CUO4; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION AB An elastic neutron-scattering study has been performed on several single crystals of La2-xSrxCuO4 for x near a lower critical concentration x(c) for superconductivity. In the insulating spin-glass phase (x=0.04 and 0.053), the previously reported one-dimensional spin modulation along the orthorhombic b axis is confirmed. Just inside the superconducting phase (x=0.06), however, two pairs of incommensurate magnetic peaks are additionally observed corresponding to the spin modulation parallel to the tetragonal axes. These two types of spin modulations with similar incommensurabilities coexist near the boundary. The peak width kappa along the spin-modulation direction exhibits an anomalous maximum in the superconducting phase near x(c), where the incommensurability delta increases monotonically upon doping across the phase boundary. These results are discussed in connection with the doping-induced superconducting phase transition. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6100011, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Fujita, M (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6100011, Japan. RI Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013 NR 20 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064505 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700092 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JC Foiles, SM AF Hamilton, JC Foiles, SM TI First-principles calculations of grain boundary theoretical shear strength using transition state finding to determine generalized gamma surface cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM; DISLOCATIONS AB We present a first-principles calculation of the theoretical shear strength of the AlSigma3(11 (2) over bar) tilt boundary. Here we replace the usual gamma surface (defined by rigid atomic translations parallel to the boundary) by a "generalized gamma surface" that includes complex cooperative atomic motions occurring at the grain boundary during shear. Transition-state-finding techniques are well suited for calculations of generalized gamma-surface cross sections. The transition states, saddles on the gamma surface, occur during grain-boundary sliding and at grain-boundary dislocations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hamilton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064104 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700016 ER PT J AU Islam, Z Lang, JC Vasiliu-Doloc, L Srajer, G Canfield, PC AF Islam, Z Lang, JC Vasiliu-Doloc, L Srajer, G Canfield, PC TI Resonant x-ray scattering study of magnetic ordering due to Fermi-surface nesting in SmNi2Ge2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-SCATTERING; POLARIZATION; SAMARIUM; DIFFRACTION; HOLMIUM; RNI2GE2; EDGES AB We report the results of x-ray resonant scattering studies of samarium nickel germanide (SmNi2Ge2) compound. We confirm that the magnetic structures of this material are in accordance with Fermi-surface nesting as was hypothesized earlier, SmNi2Ge2 orders in an incommensurate anti ferromagnetic (AF) structure characterized by a single propagation vector q = (0,0,q(z)). The value of q(z) is temperature dependent and approaches similar to0.775 r.l.u. near T-N = 17.7 K. Below T-t = 11.8 K, the AF structure is characterized by q(z) = 0.79 +/- 0.002, indicating a long-period-ordered phase. Ordered moments are confined to the basal plane in both the phases, as evidenced by the Q dependence of the magnetic-peak intensities. The temperature dependence of the magnetic structures is consistent with the "superzone" gap theory. In addition, a strong quadrupolar resonance below the Sm L-III edge was observed and compared to recent theoretical work. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Islam, Z (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 054404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054404 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000051 ER PT J AU Kim, W Zhu, JX Carbotte, JP Ting, CS AF Kim, W Zhu, JX Carbotte, JP Ting, CS TI c-axis response of a high-T-c superconductor with d-density-wave order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; INTERLAYER CONDUCTIVITY; TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; NORMAL-STATE; SUM-RULE; PSEUDOGAP; GAP; ENERGY; PHASE AB The microscopic origin of the pseudogap state that exists in the underdoped cuprates remains unknown. The c-axis properties in the pseudogap regime are particularly anomalous, We use a recently proposed model of a d density wave that leads to staggered currents and the doubling of the unit cell to investigate the c-axis kinetic energy and the optical sum rule. The density of states expected in the model is also considered. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064502 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700089 ER PT J AU Koitzsch, A Blumberg, G Gozar, A Dennis, B Ramirez, AP Trebst, S Wakimoto, S AF Koitzsch, A Blumberg, G Gozar, A Dennis, B Ramirez, AP Trebst, S Wakimoto, S TI Antiferromagnetism in CaCu3Ti4O12 studied by magnetic Raman spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; SCATTERING AB For CaCu3Ti4O12-an insulator that exhibits a giant dielectric response above 100 K-Cu2+ antiferromagnetic spin ordering has been investigated by magnetic Raman scattering and magnetization measurements. Below the Neel temperature, T-N = 25 K, magnetic excitations have been identified. Above T-N Raman spectra reveal short-range antiferromagnetic fluctuations that increase with cooling like T-1. No deviations from Curie-Weiss law have been observed above T-N. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Blumberg, G (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RI Trebst, Simon/C-5390-2008 OI Trebst, Simon/0000-0002-1479-9736 NR 11 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 052406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.052406 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000014 ER PT J AU Leighton, C Fitzsimmons, MR Hoffmann, A Dura, J Majkrzak, CF Lund, MS Schuller, IK AF Leighton, C Fitzsimmons, MR Hoffmann, A Dura, J Majkrzak, CF Lund, MS Schuller, IK TI Thickness-dependent coercive mechanisms in exchange-biased bilayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNET-ANTIFERROMAGNET BILAYERS; MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; INTERFACIAL EXCHANGE; ANISOTROPY; SYSTEMS; FILMS; MODEL; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ASYMMETRY; FE/FEF2 AB We present an investigation of the effect of ferromagnetic layer thickness on the exchange bias and coercivity enhancement in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayers. At low temperatures both the exchange bias and coercivity closely follow an inverse thickness relationship, contrary to several recent theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the coercivity as a function of the ferromagnet thickness provides clear evidence for the existence of two distinct regimes. These regimes were probed with conventional magnetometry, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and polarized neutron reflectometry. At low thickness the coercivity, exhibits a monotonic temperature dependence, whereas at higher thickness a broad maximum occurs in the vicinity of the Neel temperature. These regimes are delineated by a particular ratio of the ferromagnet to antiferromagnet thickness. We propose that the ratio of the anisotropy energies in the two layers determines whether the coercivity is dominated by the ferromagnetic layer itself or the interaction of the ferromagnetic layer with the antiferromagnet. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 36 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064403 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700043 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Grantham, S McNulty, I AF Levine, ZH Grantham, S McNulty, I TI Mass absorption coefficient of tungsten for 1600-2100 eV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT INTERCONNECT; SCATTERING; PHOTOABSORPTION; TRANSMISSION; ATOMS AB The transmission of soft x rays with photon energies from 1606 eV to 2106 eV was measured for tungsten using thin-film samples and a synchrotron source. This region includes the M-IV and M-V edges. The two tungsten films had thicknesses of 107.7+/-10 = and 51.5+/-10 nm; the intensity of the transmitted x rays was measured with a silicon photodiode. The values for the mass absorption coefficient reported here were determined from the ratios of the transmission through the two samples, i.e., through a net 56.2+/-14 nm of tungsten, and some additional constant factors. The M-V,M-IV edges have widths (10%-90% after background subtraction) of 33+/-5 eV and 28+/-5 eV, respectively, compared to zero width in all x-ray tables based on atomic form factors and to 41 eV and 44 eV within a real-space multiple-scattering theory. The measurements are relevant to microspectroscopy and microtomography of integrated circuit interconnects and may be applicable to accurate measurement of the mass absorption coefficients of similar dense elements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064111 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700023 ER PT J AU Li, JQ Wu, LJ Li, L Zhu, Y AF Li, JQ Wu, LJ Li, L Zhu, Y TI Microstructural features of MgxCyNi3 superconducting materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Structural investigations on a series of superconducting materials with nominal compositions of MgxCyNi3 (1.0 < x < 1.3, 1.0 < y < 1.55) have revealed evident structural inhomogeneity. Regular domains, with an average size as small as similar to4 nm, appear commonly in the superconducting materials with T-c > 6 K. This structural phenomenon can be qualitatively explained in terms of the perovskite cubic structure MgCNi3 modulated locally by the variable stoichiometry on the C sites. The presence of the local C deficiency could be a dominant factor affecting the crystal structure and superconductivity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Li, JQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 052506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.052506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000029 ER PT J AU Mickelson, W Cumings, J Han, WQ Zettl, A AF Mickelson, W Cumings, J Han, WQ Zettl, A TI Effects of carbon doping on superconductivity in magnesium diboride SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We introduce carbon onto boron sites in MgB2. The resulting changes in crystal lattice constants and superconducting transition temperature T-c are characterized by x-ray-diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistance measurements. The consequence of approximately 10% carbon doping of boron sites is a 1% contraction of the intraplane lattice dimension (with no appreciable change in the interplane dimension) and a lowering of T-c by approximately 7 K. The relative contributions to the shift in T-c from lattice contraction and charge transfer are evaluated. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Mickelson, Willi/D-8813-2013; Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Mickelson, Willi/0000-0002-6398-6212; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 6 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 052505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.052505 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000028 ER PT J AU Moca, CP Janko, B AF Moca, CP Janko, B TI Electronic specific heat in the pairing pseudogap regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; UNDERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; NORMAL-STATE; YBA2CU3O6+X; SYMMETRY; GAP AB When pairing correlations in a quasi-two-dimensional electron system induce a pseudogap in the single-particle density of states, the specific heat must also contain a sizable pair contribution. The theoretically calculated specific heat for such a system is compared to the experimental results of Loram and his collaborators for underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x and La2-xSrxCuO4 samples. The size and doping dependence of the extracted pseudogap energy scale for both materials is comparable to the values obtained from a variety of other experiments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Moca, CP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Moca, Catalin Pascu/D-9507-2014 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 052503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.052503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000026 ER PT J AU Novosad, V Guslienko, KY Shima, H Otani, Y Kim, SG Fukamichi, K Kikuchi, N Kitakami, O Shimada, Y AF Novosad, V Guslienko, KY Shima, H Otani, Y Kim, SG Fukamichi, K Kikuchi, N Kitakami, O Shimada, Y TI Effect of interdot magnetostatic interaction on magnetization reversal in circular dot arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The effect of the interdot magnetostatic interaction on the magnetization reversal due to the "nucleation" and "annihilation" of magnetic vortices in arrays of ferromagnetic submicron circular dots has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The magnetostatic interaction plays an important role in magnetization reversal for the arrays with a small interdot distance, leading to decreases in the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields, and an increase in initial susceptibility. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130012, South Korea. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Novosad, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; OTANI, Yoshichika/I-5884-2012; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 OI OTANI, Yoshichika/0000-0001-8008-1493; NR 20 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 060402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.060402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700004 ER PT J AU Painter, GS Becher, PF Kleebe, HJ Pezzotti, G AF Painter, GS Becher, PF Kleebe, HJ Pezzotti, G TI First-principles study of the effects of halogen dopants on the properties of intergranular films in silicon nitride ceramics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; EQUILIBRIUM THICKNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ATOMISTIC STRUCTURE; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; DISPERSION FORCES; HAMAKER CONSTANTS AB The nanoscale intergranular films that form in the sintering of ceramics often occur as adherent glassy phases separating the crystalline grains in the ceramic, Consequently, the properties of these films are often equal in importance to those of the constituent grains in determining the ceramic's properties, The measured characteristics of the silica-rich phase separating the crystalline grains in Si(3)N(4) and many other ceramics are so reproducible that SiO(2) has become a model system for studies of intergranular films (IGF's). Recently, the influence of fluorine and chlorine dopants in SiO(2)-rich IGF's in silicon nitride was precisely documented by experiment, Along with the expected similarities between the halogens, some dramatically contrasting effects were found, But the atomic-scale mechanisms distinguishing the effects F and Cl on IGF behavior have not been well understood. First-principle, density functional calculations reported here provide a quantum-level description of how these dopant-host interactions affect the properties of IGF's, with specific modeling of F and Cl in the silica-rich IGF in silicon nitride. Calculations were carried out for the energetics, structural changes, and forces on the atoms making up a model cluster fragment of an SiO(2) intergranular film segment in silicon nitride with and without dopants. Results show that both anions participate in the breaking of bonds within the IGF. directly reducing the viscosity of the SiO(2)-rich film and promoting decohesion. Observed differences in the way fluorine and chlorine affect IGF behavior become understandable in terms of the relative stabilities of the halogens as they interact with Si atoms that have lost one if their oxygen bridges. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bayreuth, Inst Mat Res, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. RP Painter, GS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gsp@email.cind.ornl.gov RI Kleebe, Hans-Joachim/C-5709-2016 NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064113 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700025 ER PT J AU Schilling, A Welp, U Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW AF Schilling, A Welp, U Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW TI Vortex-lattice melting in untwinned YBa2Cu3O7-delta for H perpendicular to c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATENT-HEAT; ANISOTROPIC SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLUX LATTICE; MIXED-STATE; ORDER AB We have measured the latent heat L of vortex-lattice melting of optimally doped, untwinned YBa2Cu3O7-delta as a function of the angle Theta between the external magnetic field H and the crystallographic c axis. The high resolution in both L and Theta allowed us to explore the configuration with H perpendicular to C, where the thermodynamics of the vortex system can be expected to be influenced by the layered structure of the material. Within the resolution of our experiment, we do not detect any deviations of the data from the predictions made by a conventional anisotropic continuum theory. In contrast, continuum-theory expectations are confirmed with high accuracy for magnetic fields that are aligned within 0.01degrees to the b axis of the crystal. C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schilling, A (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 054505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054505 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 518BQ UT WOS:000173647000078 ER PT J AU Windt, M McGuire, JJ Room, T Pronin, A Timusk, T Fisher, IR Canfield, PC AF Windt, M McGuire, JJ Room, T Pronin, A Timusk, T Fisher, IR Canfield, PC TI Infrared and optical properties of pure and cobalt-doped LuNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOROCARBIDES; YNI2B2C; STATE; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; LEAD; GAP; LU AB We present optical conductivity data for Lu(Ni1-xCox)(2)B2C over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures for x = 0 and 0.09. Both materials show evidence of being good Drude metals with the infrared data in reasonable agreement with dc resistivity measurements at low frequencies. An absorption threshold is seen at approximately 700 cm(-1). In the cobalt-doped material, we see a superconducting gap in the conductivity spectrum with an absorption onset at 24+/-2 cm(-1) = 3.9 +/- 0.4k(beta)T(c) suggestive of weak to moderately Strong coupling. The pure material is in the clean limit and no gap can be seen. We discuss the data in terms of the electron-phonon interaction and find that it can be fit below 000 cm(-1) with a plasma frequency of 3.3 eV and an electron-phonon coupling constant lambda(tr)=0.33 using an alpha(2)F(omega) spectrum fit to the resistivity. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L85 4M1, Canada. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Windt, M (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 2, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RI Room, Toomas/A-6412-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Pronin, Artem/D-7809-2016 OI Room, Toomas/0000-0002-6165-8290; NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 6 AR 064506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064506 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 522DD UT WOS:000173879700093 ER PT J AU Bernstein, LA Becker, JA Garrett, PE Younes, W McNabb, DP Archer, DE McGrath, CA Chen, H Ormand, WE Stoyer, MA Nelson, RO Chadwick, MB Johns, GD Wilburn, WS Devlin, M Drake, DM Young, PG AF Bernstein, LA Becker, JA Garrett, PE Younes, W McNabb, DP Archer, DE McGrath, CA Chen, H Ormand, WE Stoyer, MA Nelson, RO Chadwick, MB Johns, GD Wilburn, WS Devlin, M Drake, DM Young, PG TI Pu-239(n,2n)Pu-238 cross section deduced using a combination of experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON ENERGIES; GAMMA) REACTIONS; CAPTURE AB The Pu-239(n,2n)Pu-238 cross section has been deduced using a combination of measured partial gamma-ray cross sections and enhanced Hauser-Feshbach reaction modeling from threshold to E-n less than or equal to 20 MeV. Eight Pu-239(n,2n gamma)Pu-238 partial gamma-ray cross sections were measured using the GEANIE spectrometer, the time-of-flight technique, and energetic neutrons produced at the LANSCE/WNR facility. The (n,2n) cross section was obtained by multiplying the sum of observed noncoincident partial gamma-ray cross sections by the calculated ratio of the (n,2n) cross section divided by the sum of the same partial gamma-ray cross sections. A comparison between the data and model calculations indicates potential deficiencies in the modeling of the gamma-ray cascade. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bernstein, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 021601 DI 10.1003/PhysRevC.65.021601 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100004 ER PT J AU Carlson, J Jourdan, J Schiavilla, R Sick, I AF Carlson, J Jourdan, J Schiavilla, R Sick, I TI Longitudinal and transverse quasielastic response functions of light nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; HIGH MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; MESON-EXCHANGE CURRENTS; COULOMB SUM-RULE; FINAL-STATE INTERACTION; FEW-BODY NUCLEI; FORM-FACTORS; FERMI GAS; HE-3; SYSTEMS AB The He-3 and He-4 longitudinal and transverse response functions are determined from an analysis of the world data on quasielastic inclusive electron scattering. The corresponding Euclidean response functions are derived and compared to those calculated with Green's function Monte Carlo methods, using realistic interactions and currents. Large contributions associated with two-body currents are found, particularly in the He-4 transverse response, in agreement with data. The contributions of the two-body charge and current operators in the He-3, He-4, and Li-6 response functions are also studied via sum-rule techniques. A semiquantitative explanation for the observed systematics in the excess of transverse quasielastic strength, as function of mass number and momentum transfer, is provided. Finally, a number of model studies with simplified interactions, currents, and wave functions are carried out to elucidate the role played, in the full calculation, by tensor interactions and correlations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 77 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024002 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100006 ER PT J AU Chemakin, I Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Fernow, RA Frawley, AD Gilkes, M Gushue, S Hartouni, EP Hiejima, H Justice, M Kang, JH Kirk, HG Maeda, N McGrath, RL Mioduszewski, S Morrison, D Moulson, M Namboodiri, MN Palmer, RB Rai, G Read, K Remsberg, L Rosati, M Shin, Y Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Thomas, JH Torun, Y Winter, DL Yang, X Zajc, WA Zhang, Y AF Chemakin, I Cianciolo, V Cole, BA Fernow, RA Frawley, AD Gilkes, M Gushue, S Hartouni, EP Hiejima, H Justice, M Kang, JH Kirk, HG Maeda, N McGrath, RL Mioduszewski, S Morrison, D Moulson, M Namboodiri, MN Palmer, RB Rai, G Read, K Remsberg, L Rosati, M Shin, Y Soltz, RA Sorensen, S Thomas, JH Torun, Y Winter, DL Yang, X Zajc, WA Zhang, Y TI Inclusive soft pion production from 12.3 and 17.5 GeV/c protons on Be, Cu, and An SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COLLISIONS AB Differential cross sections are presented for the inclusive production of charged pions in the momentum range 0.1-1.2 GeV/c in interactions of 12.3 and 17.5 GeV/c protons with Be, Cu, and Au targets. The measurements were made by Experiment 910 at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The cross sections are presented as a function of pion total momentum and production polar angle theta with respect to the beam. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Chemakin, I (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024904 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100046 ER PT J AU Cheng, S Pratt, S Csizmadia, P Nara, Y Molnar, D Gyulassy, M Vance, SE Zhang, B AF Cheng, S Pratt, S Csizmadia, P Nara, Y Molnar, D Gyulassy, M Vance, SE Zhang, B TI Effect of finite-range interactions in classical transport theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMAS; PARTON CASCADE; ELLIPTIC FLOW; DEPENDENCE; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB The effect of scattering with nonzero impact parameters between constituents in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is investigated. In solving the relativistic Boltzmann equation, the characteristic range of the collision kernel is varied from approximately 1.0 fm to zero while leaving the mean free path unchanged. Modifying this range is shown to significantly affect spectra and flow observables. The finite range is shown to provide effective viscosities, shear, bulk viscosity, and heat conductivity, with the viscous coefficients being proportional to the square of the interaction range. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RMKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Cheng, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Cheng, Sen/A-5722-2009 OI Cheng, Sen/0000-0002-6719-8029 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024901 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100043 ER PT J AU Esbensen, H Bertulani, CA AF Esbensen, H Bertulani, CA TI Multipole expansion for relativistic Coulomb excitation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HALO NUCLEI; BREAKUP AB We derive a general expression for the multipole expansion of the electromagnetic interaction in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, which can be employed in higher-order dynamical calculations of Coulomb excitation. The interaction has diagonal as well as off-diagonal multipole components, associated with the intrinsic and relative coordinates of projectile and target. A simple truncation in the off-diagonal components gives excellent results in first-order perturbation theory for distant collisions and for beam energies up to 200 MeV/nucleon. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Esbensen, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024605 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100035 ER PT J AU Gorgen, A Clark, RM Fallon, P Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ramos, RG Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K Ward, D Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Wadsworth, R AF Gorgen, A Clark, RM Fallon, P Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Lane, GJ Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Ramos, RG Stephens, FS Svensson, CE Vetter, K Ward, D Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Wadsworth, R TI Excited structure with a very extended shape in Cd-108 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB High-spin states in Cd-108 were populated in the reaction Ni-64(Ca-48,4n) at a beam energy of 207 MeV. Gamma-ray spectroscopy was performed with the Gammasphere spectrometer. A new excited band was found. The quadrupole moment measured using the method of residual fractional Doppler shifts has a value of Q(o) = 8.5 c b, which corresponds to an axis ratio of c/a = 1.72. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Gorgen, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 027302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.027302 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100059 ER PT J AU Jakob, G Benczer-Koller, N Kumbartzki, G Holden, J Mertzimekis, TJ Speidel, KH Ernst, R Stuchbery, AE Pakou, A Maier-Komor, P Macchiavelli, A McMahan, M Phair, L Lee, IY AF Jakob, G Benczer-Koller, N Kumbartzki, G Holden, J Mertzimekis, TJ Speidel, KH Ernst, R Stuchbery, AE Pakou, A Maier-Komor, P Macchiavelli, A McMahan, M Phair, L Lee, IY TI Evidence for proton excitations in Xe-130,Xe-132,Xe-134,Xe-136 isotopes from measurements of g factors of 2(1)(+) and 4(1)(+) states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING BOSON MODEL; MAGNETIC DIPOLE PROPERTIES; SHELL-MODEL; NUCLEAR MOMENTS; N=82 ISOTONES; DEPENDENCE; PARTICLE; FIELDS; SN-132; IONS AB The g factors of 2(1)(+), 4(1)(+), and 2(2)(+) states in the stable Xe-130,Xe-132,Xe-134.136 isotopes have been measured via projectile Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics in combination with the transient field technique. The results show a steady decrease in g(2(1)(+)) as the number of neutron holes increases in the lighter nuclei below the closed N = 82 neutron shell. The g factors of the 4(1)(+) states in Xe-132,Xe-134 are consistently larger than the g factors of the 2(1)(+) states, a characteristic of proton excitation. The g factors of the 2(1)(+), 4(1)(+), and 2(2)(+) states in Xe-130 are approximately equal as would be expected for vibrational excitations. C1 Univ Bonn, Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-8000 Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Jakob, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Mertzimekis, Theo/A-3287-2008 OI Mertzimekis, Theo/0000-0001-9191-7903 NR 44 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024316 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024316 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100023 ER PT J AU Jeon, S AF Jeon, S TI Production of eta ' from thermal gluon fusion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GOLDSTONE BOSON; QCD; ENERGY; FIELD; U(1) AB We study the production of eta' from hadronizing thermal gluons using recently proposed eta'-g-g effective vertex. The eta' yield is found to be sensitive to the initial condition. At RHIC and LHC, the enhancement is large enough to be easily detected. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024903 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100045 ER PT J AU Johnson, MB Kopeliovich, BZ Potashnikova, IK McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Peng, JC Garvey, G Leitch, M Brown, CN Kaplan, DM AF Johnson, MB Kopeliovich, BZ Potashnikova, IK McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Peng, JC Garvey, G Leitch, M Brown, CN Kaplan, DM TI Energy loss versus shadowing in the Drell-Yan reaction on nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DIMUON PRODUCTION; GLUON RADIATION; COLOR DYNAMICS; FLUX-TUBE; COLLISIONS; HADRONS; DEPENDENCE; BREMSSTRAHLUNG AB We present a new analysis of the E772 and E866 experiments on the nuclear dependence of Drell-Yan (DY) lepton pair production resulting from the bombardment of H-2, Be, C, Ca, Fe, and W targets by 800 GeV/c protons at Fermilab. We employ a light-cone formulation of the DY reaction in the rest frame of the nucleus, where the dimuons detected at small values of Bjorken x(2) <<1 may be considered to originate from the decay of a heavy photon radiated from an incident quark in a bremsstrahlung process. We infer the energy loss of the quark by examining the suppression of the nuclear-dependent DY ratios seen as a function of projectile momentum fraction x(1) and dimuon mass M. Shadowing, which also leads to nuclear suppression of dimuons, is calculated within the same approach employing the results of phenomenological fits to deep inelastic scattering data from HERA. The analysis yields -dE/dz=2.73 +/- 0.37 +/- 0.5 GeV/fm for the rate of quark energy loss per unit path length, a value consistent with theoretical expectations including the effects of the inelastic interaction of the incident proton at the surface of the nucleus. This is the first observation of a nonzero energy loss effect in such experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Johnson, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 58 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 025203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.025203 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100052 ER PT J AU Khoa, DT Satchler, GR Thuy, ND AF Khoa, DT Satchler, GR Thuy, ND TI Do 1.37 GeV alpha particles find nuclei attractive or repulsive? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CHANNELS CALCULATIONS; ION ELASTIC-SCATTERING; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; FOLDING MODEL; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; NN INTERACTIONS; POTENTIALS; BEHAVIOR; RANGE AB Extrapolation of the results of some optical model (OM) study of the alpha-nucleus elastic scattering at incident energies up to 700 MeV implies that the alpha-nucleus potential becomes repulsive above 910 MeV. To check this assumption, a detailed OM analysis of the elastic alpha + C-12 and alpha + Ca-40 scattering data at the incident energy of 1370 MeV has been performed using different forms of the optical potential. A realistic pattern of the near-side/far-side interference, required to reproduce the diffractive minima in the measured elastic cross sections, strongly suggests that the corresponding optical potentials are still attractive. The folding model prediction for the alpha + C-12 and alpha + Ca-40 optical potentials using the impulse approximation has been considered. This approximation, which uses the t-matrix parametrization of free nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction as the model input, was found to be inadequate to give a good account of the data. Consequently, the medium modifications of the NN interaction remain important at this energy. In addition, similar failure of a density dependent NN interaction (CDM3Y6), which works quite well at lower energies, stresses the need for a more appropriate effective NN interaction in this energy region. C1 VAEC, Inst Nucl Sci & Tech, Hanoi, Vietnam. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Khoa, DT (reprint author), VAEC, Inst Nucl Sci & Tech, POB 5T-160, Hanoi, Vietnam. RI Khoa, Dao/B-9640-2009 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024611 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024611 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100041 ER PT J AU Lipoglavsek, M Baktash, C Carpenter, MP Dean, DJ Engeland, T Fahlander, C Hjorth-Jensen, M Janssens, RVF Likar, A Nyberg, J Osnes, E Paul, SD Piechaczek, A Radford, DC Rudolph, D Seweryniak, D Sarantites, DG Vencelj, M Yu, CH AF Lipoglavsek, M Baktash, C Carpenter, MP Dean, DJ Engeland, T Fahlander, C Hjorth-Jensen, M Janssens, RVF Likar, A Nyberg, J Osnes, E Paul, SD Piechaczek, A Radford, DC Rudolph, D Seweryniak, D Sarantites, DG Vencelj, M Yu, CH TI Sn-100 core excitations in In-102 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; IN-BEAM; GAMMASPHERE; NUCLEI; SPIN AB Nuclei in the vicinity of the doubly-magic Sn-100 nucleus have been studied, and an extended level scheme for In-102 has been established. The level structure comprises both the negative parity states involving the nuh(11/2) orbital, and levels due to the breakup of the doubly-magic Sn-100 core. Results of a large-scale shell model calculation, using realistic and empirical effective interactions with Sr-88 as a core, are in very good agreement with the experimental data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, Lund, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neutron Res, Uppsala, Sweden. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rudolph, Dirk/D-4259-2009; Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; radford, David/A-3928-2015; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Rudolph, Dirk/0000-0003-1199-3055; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 021302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.021302 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100002 ER PT J AU Shaughnessy, DA Gregorich, KE Adams, JL Lane, MR Laue, CA Lee, DM McGrath, CA Ninov, V Patin, JB Strellis, DA Sylwester, ER Wilk, PA Hoffman, DC AF Shaughnessy, DA Gregorich, KE Adams, JL Lane, MR Laue, CA Lee, DM McGrath, CA Ninov, V Patin, JB Strellis, DA Sylwester, ER Wilk, PA Hoffman, DC TI Electron-capture delayed fission properties of Es-244 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BARRIER AB Electron-capture delayed fission was observed in 37-s Es-244 produced via the Np-237(C-12,5n)Es-244 reaction at 81 MeV (on target) with a production cross section of 0.31+/-0.12 mub. The kinetic energies of coincident fission fragments were measured with our rotating wheel detection system and the average pre-neutron-emission total kinetic energy of the fragments was found to be 186+/-19 MeV. The mass-yield distribution of the fission fragments is predominantly asymmetric. Based on the ratio of the number of fission events to the measured number of alpha decays from the electron-capture daughter Cf-244 (100% alpha branch), the probability of delayed fission was determined to be (1.2+/-0.4) X 10(-4). This value for the delayed fission probability fits the experimentally observed trend of increasing delayed fission probability with increasing Q value for electron capture. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shaughnessy, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024612 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024612 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100042 ER PT J AU Smirnova, NA Pietralla, N Leviatan, A Ginocchio, JN Fransen, C AF Smirnova, NA Pietralla, N Leviatan, A Ginocchio, JN Fransen, C TI Extended M1 sum rule for excited symmetric and mixed-symmetry states in nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INTERACTING-BOSON MODEL; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ODD-MASS NUCLEI; F-SPIN SYMMETRY; SCISSORS MODE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; APPROXIMATION-2 ANALYSIS; SHAPE INVARIANTS; EVEN PALLADIUM; E2 STRENGTH AB A generalized M1 sum rule for orbital magnetic dipole strength from excited symmetric states to mixed-symmetry states is considered within the proton-neutron interacting boson model of even-even nuclei. Analytic expressions for the dominant terms in the B(M1) transition rates from the 2(1,2)(+) states are derived in the U(5) and SO(6) dynamic symmetry limits of the model, and the applicability of a sum rule approach is examined at and between these limits. Lastly, the sum rule is applied to the new data on mixed-symmetry states of Mo-94 and a quadrupole d-boson ratio n(d)(0(1)(+))/n(d)(2(2)(+)) approximate to 0.6 is obtained in a largely parameter-independent way. C1 Univ Leuv, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. ECT, I-38050 Trento, Italy. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Univ Leuv, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. EM Nadya.Smirnova@fys.kuleuven.ac.be NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024319 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100026 ER PT J AU Smith, DA Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Grossmann, CA Haseyama, T Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Sukhovoj, AM Yuan, VW AF Smith, DA Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Grossmann, CA Haseyama, T Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Sukhovoj, AM Yuan, VW TI Neutron resonance spectroscopy of Pd-104, Pd-105, and Pd-110 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARITY-VIOLATION; NUCLEUS AB We have measured neutron resonances in the palladium isotopes 104, 105, and 110 for neutron energies from 1 to 2100 eV. Many new p-wave resonances have been observed. Their neutron widths and, in several cases, the radiative widths were measured. The average level spacings and the s-wave and p-wave neutron strength functions were determined. The time-of-flight method was used for both neutron total cross section measurements and total (n, gamma) reaction yield measurements at the pulsed spallation neutron source of Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Well established resonance spectroscopy for these isotopes is essential for the analysis of parity violation data that were recently measured in palladium. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024607 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100037 ER PT J AU Urban, W Rzaca-Urban, T Korgul, A Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Jones, MA Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Ahmad, I Morss, LR Schulz, N AF Urban, W Rzaca-Urban, T Korgul, A Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Jones, MA Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Ahmad, I Morss, LR Schulz, N TI First observation of excited states in I-139 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS FISSION; NUCLEI; BANDS AB This work reports on the first observation of excited levels in the I-139 nucleus. Levels in I-139, populated in spontaneous fission of Cm-248, were studied by means of prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy, using the EUROGAM2 array. The level scheme of I-139 obtained in this work shows patterns characteristic of a spherical vibrator, which result from a weak interaction of the Te-138 core with the odd proton. No signs of octupole correlations were observed in I-139. The new data allow, for the first time systematic predictions to be made of energies and spins of states in the Sb-137 nucleus, helping the future studies of the r-process nuclei at the Z = 50 line. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, UMR7500, CNRS, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Urban, W (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Ul Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024307 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100014 ER PT J AU Wuosmaa, AH Hofman, DJ Back, BB Blumenthal, DJ Fischer, S Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Nanal, V Nisius, D Rhein, MD Wilt, PR AF Wuosmaa, AH Hofman, DJ Back, BB Blumenthal, DJ Fischer, S Henderson, DJ Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Nanal, V Nisius, D Rhein, MD Wilt, PR TI Angular correlation, spin alignment, and resonance behavior in C-12+C-12 inelastic scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR RESONANCES; EXCITED-STATES; C-12; SYSTEM; MG-24; MODEL; O-18 AB We have studied alpha-C-12 angular correlations for peaks observed in the C-12[C-12,C-12(3(1)(-))]C-12(0(1)(+)) inelastic-scattering excitation function in the energy range between E-c.m = 25 to 35 MeV. The excitation-function data for alpha-particle angles that correspond to the population of specific magnetic substates in the excited, decaying C-12 nucleus suggest that these peaks are associated with a preferentially aligned configuration. The angular-correlation data are consistent with spin assignments of J(pi) = 16(+) and 18(+) for the resonance-like structures observed at E-c.m. = 27.5 MeV and 33.1 MeV, respectively. The observed alignment, and the deduced spin values are consistent with a dinuclear configuration for these peaks. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wuosmaa, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024609 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100039 ER PT J AU Zeidan, O Hartley, DJ Riedinger, LL Danchev, M Reviol, W Weintraub, WD Zhang, JY Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Paul, SD Baktash, C Lipoglavsek, M Radford, DC Yu, CH Sarantites, DG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D Padilla, E AF Zeidan, O Hartley, DJ Riedinger, LL Danchev, M Reviol, W Weintraub, WD Zhang, JY Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Paul, SD Baktash, C Lipoglavsek, M Radford, DC Yu, CH Sarantites, DG Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D Padilla, E TI Rotational structures in Nd-129 and signature splitting systematics of the vh(11/2) bands in A similar to 130 nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; RECOIL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ION-BEAM-FACILITY; LOW-LYING STATES; HIGH-SPIN STATES; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; REGION; SPECTROSCOPY; DEFORMATIONS AB High-spin states in Nd-129 were populated in the reaction Mo-92(Ca-40,2pn) with beam energies of 170 and 184 MeV in two separate experiments. Over 140 new transitions were placed in a level scheme that consists of four rotational structures, three of which have been observed for the first time. The bands were assigned configurations based on their B(M1)/B(E2) ratios (for the strongly coupled bands), aligned angular momentum, observed band crossings, and signature splitting. Evidence for of the observation of the deformation driving nui(13/2)[660]1/2 orbital is presented. Signature splitting trends in the nuh(11/2) bands of A similar to 130 nuclei are investigated within the framework of the cranked shell model. Comparisons are made with observations in the pih(11/2) bands near A similar to 160. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Zeidan, O (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; radford, David/A-3928-2015; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 62 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 024303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024303 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 522GP UT WOS:000173888100010 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the inclusive jet cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV (vol D 64, art. no. 032001, 2001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Correction C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 039903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.039903 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300062 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Ragan, K Rakitine, A Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Volobouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the two-jet differential cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s = 1800 GeV (vol 64, art. no. 012001, 2001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Correction C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 039902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.039902 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300061 ER PT J AU Anastassov, A Eckhart, E Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pedlar, TK Thayer, JB von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Savinov, V Chen, S Hinson, JW Lee, J Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Pavlunin, V Cronin-Hennessy, D Lyon, AL Park, W Thorndike, EH Coan, TE Gao, YS Maravin, Y Narsky, I Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Benslama, K Boulahouache, C Bukin, K Dambasuren, E Majumder, G Mountain, R Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Wang, JC Wolf, A Kopp, S Kostin, M Mahmood, AH Csorna, SE Danko, I Jain, V McLean, KW Xu, Z Godang, R Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Dubrovin, M McGee, S Bornheim, A Lipeles, E Pappas, SP Shapiro, A Sun, WM Weinstein, AJ Jaffe, DE Mahapatra, R Masek, G Paar, HP Eppich, A Hill, TS Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Briere, RA Chen, GP Ferguson, T Vogel, H Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Blanc, F Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Drell, PS Duboscq, JE Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hsu, L Jones, CD Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lohner, M Magerkurth, A Mahlke-Kruger, H Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Nordberg, E Palmer, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Romano, A Schwarthoff, H Thayer, JG Urner, D Valant-Spaight, B Viehhauser, G Warburton, A Avery, P Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Stoeck, H Yelton, J Brandenburg, G Ershov, A Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J Edwards, KW Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Bean, A Besson, D Zhao, X Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Poling, R Smith, A Stepaniak, CJ Urheim, J Ahmed, S Alam, MS Athar, SB Jian, L Ling, L Saleem, M Timm, S Wappler, F AF Anastassov, A Eckhart, E Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pedlar, TK Thayer, JB von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Savinov, V Chen, S Hinson, JW Lee, J Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Pavlunin, V Cronin-Hennessy, D Lyon, AL Park, W Thorndike, EH Coan, TE Gao, YS Maravin, Y Narsky, I Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Benslama, K Boulahouache, C Bukin, K Dambasuren, E Majumder, G Mountain, R Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Wang, JC Wolf, A Kopp, S Kostin, M Mahmood, AH Csorna, SE Danko, I Jain, V McLean, KW Xu, Z Godang, R Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Dubrovin, M McGee, S Bornheim, A Lipeles, E Pappas, SP Shapiro, A Sun, WM Weinstein, AJ Jaffe, DE Mahapatra, R Masek, G Paar, HP Eppich, A Hill, TS Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Briere, RA Chen, GP Ferguson, T Vogel, H Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Blanc, F Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Drell, PS Duboscq, JE Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hsu, L Jones, CD Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lohner, M Magerkurth, A Mahlke-Kruger, H Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Nordberg, E Palmer, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Romano, A Schwarthoff, H Thayer, JG Urner, D Valant-Spaight, B Viehhauser, G Warburton, A Avery, P Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Stoeck, H Yelton, J Brandenburg, G Ershov, A Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J Edwards, KW Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Bean, A Besson, D Zhao, X Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Poling, R Smith, A Stepaniak, CJ Urheim, J Ahmed, S Alam, MS Athar, SB Jian, L Ling, L Saleem, M Timm, S Wappler, F CA CLEO Collaboration TI First measurement of Gamma(D*+) and precision measurement of m(D)*+(-)m(D)(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK; DETECTOR AB We present the first measurement of the D*+ width using 9/fb of e(+) e(-) data collected near the Y(4S) resonance by the CLEO II.V detector. Our method uses advanced tracking techniques and a reconstruction method that takes advantage of the small vertical size of the CESR beam spot to measure the energy release distribution from the D*+ --> D-0 pi(+) decay. We find Gamma(D*+) = 96+/-4 (statistical) +/- 22 (systematic) keV. We also measure the energy release in the decay and compute Deltam = m(D*+) - m(D0) = 145.412+/-0.002 (statistical) +/-0.012 (systematic) MeV/c(2). C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Anastassov, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; OI Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Poling, Ronald/0000-0001-7305-4702 NR 20 TC 135 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 032003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.032003 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300007 ER PT J AU Apollinari, G Barone, M Benjamin, D Carithers, W Dorigo, T Fiori, I Franklin, M Giromini, P Happacher, F Konigsberg, J Kruse, M Miscetti, S Parri, A Ptohos, F Velev, G AF Apollinari, G Barone, M Benjamin, D Carithers, W Dorigo, T Fiori, I Franklin, M Giromini, P Happacher, F Konigsberg, J Kruse, M Miscetti, S Parri, A Ptohos, F Velev, G TI Additional studies of the probability that the events with a superjet observed by CDF are consistent with the SM prediction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB In the W + 2,3 jet data collected by Collider Detector at Fermilab during the 1992-1995 Fermilab collider run, 13 events were observed to contain a superjet when 4.4+/-0.6 events are expected. A previous article detailed the selection and the kinematical properties of these events. The present paper provides estimates of the probability that the kinematics of these 13 events is statistically consistent with the standard model prediction. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Apollinari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 032004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.032004 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300008 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Reinertsen, PL Stugu, G Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Liu, T Lynch, G Oddone, PJ Perazzo, A Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Bright-Thomas, PG Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Andress, JC Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, RJ Cottingham, WN De Groot, N Dyce, N Foster, B McFall, JD Wallom, D Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Tinslay, J Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Salnikov, AA Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Ahsan, A Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S Branson, JG MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Richman, JD Verkerke, W Witherell, M Yellin, S Beringer, J Dorfan, DE Eisner, AM Grillo, AA Grothe, M Heusch, CA Johnson, RP Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, M Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Fahey, S Ford, WT Johnson, DR Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Sen, S Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Wagner, DL Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S Roussot, E T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Dittongo, S Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Robutti, E Santroni, A Morii, M Bartoldus, R Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plasczcynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M van Bibber, K Wright, DM Carroll, M Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, RD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Williams, MI Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Scott, I Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Simopoulos, ET Weatherall, JH Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VG Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Martin, JP Nief, JY Seitz, R Taras, P Zacek, V Nicholson, H Sutton, CS Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Handler, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissire, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Roos, L Stark, J Versille, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Elmer, P Lu, C McDonald, KT Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, R Ferroni, F Lamanna, E Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R De Domenico, G Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Copty, N Purohit, MV Singh, H Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Anthony, PL Aston, D Baird, K Berger, N Bloom, E Boyarski, AM Bulos, F Calderini, G Convery, MR Coupal, DP Coward, DH Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Godfrey, GL Gowdy, SJ Grosso, P Haas, T Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Moffeit, KC Mount, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Rochester, LS Roodman, A Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Weidemann, AW Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Smol, A Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Kordich, TMB Neal, H AF Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Reinertsen, PL Stugu, G Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Liu, T Lynch, G Oddone, PJ Perazzo, A Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Bright-Thomas, PG Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Andress, JC Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, RJ Cottingham, WN De Groot, N Dyce, N Foster, B McFall, JD Wallom, D Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Tinslay, J Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Salnikov, AA Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Ahsan, A Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S Branson, JG MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Richman, JD Verkerke, W Witherell, M Yellin, S Beringer, J Dorfan, DE Eisner, AM Grillo, AA Grothe, M Heusch, CA Johnson, RP Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, M Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Fahey, S Ford, WT Johnson, DR Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Sen, S Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Wagner, DL Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Hauke, A Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S Roussot, E T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Dittongo, S Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Robutti, E Santroni, A Morii, M Bartoldus, R Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM Laplace, S Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Plasczcynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M van Bibber, K Wright, DM Carroll, M Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, M Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, RD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Dixon, P Harrison, PF Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Williams, MI Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Scott, I Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Simopoulos, ET Weatherall, JH Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VG Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Martin, JP Nief, JY Seitz, R Taras, P Zacek, V Nicholson, H Sutton, CS Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Handler, T Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissire, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Roos, L Stark, J Versille, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Elmer, P Lu, C McDonald, KT Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Faccini, R Ferrarotto, R Ferroni, F Lamanna, E Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, SM Aleksan, R De Domenico, G Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Copty, N Purohit, MV Singh, H Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Anthony, PL Aston, D Baird, K Berger, N Bloom, E Boyarski, AM Bulos, F Calderini, G Convery, MR Coupal, DP Coward, DH Dorfan, J Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Godfrey, GL Gowdy, SJ Grosso, P Haas, T Himel, T Hryn'ova, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Moffeit, KC Mount, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Rochester, LS Roodman, A Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Weidemann, AW Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Bianchi, F Bona, M Gamba, D Smol, A Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Kordich, TMB Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the branching fractions for psi(2S)-> e(+)e(-) and psi(2S)->mu(+)mu(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANNIHILATION AB We measure the branching fractions of the psi(2S) meson to the leptonic final states e(+) e(-) and mu(+) mu(-) relative to that for psi(2S)-->J/psipi(+) pi(-). The method uses psi(2S) mesons produced in the decay of B mesons at the Y(4S) resonance in a data sample collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Using previous measurements for the psi(2S)-->J/psipi(+) pi(-) branching fraction, we determine the e(+)e(-) and mu(+) mu(-) branching fractions to be 0.0078+/-0.0009+/-0.0008 and 0.0067+/-0.0008+/-0.0007, respectively. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. 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Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Frank, Edward/A-8865-2012; Pia, Maria Grazia/C-7034-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Telnov, Valery/C-6900-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lamanna, Ernesto/C-7658-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016 OI Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Pia, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-3579-9639; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Telnov, Valery/0000-0002-8312-8119; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lamanna, Ernesto/0000-0002-7844-8230; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 031101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.031101 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300001 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Reinertsen, PL Stugu, B Abbott, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, A Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kluth, S Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Liu, T Lynch, G Meyer, A Momayezi, M Oddone, PJ Perazzo, A Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Bright-Thomas, PG Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Kirk, A Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Krug, J Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Andress, JC Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN De Groot, N Dyce, N Foster, B McFall, JD Wallom, D Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Tinslay, J Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Salnikov, AA Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Ahsan, A Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S Branson, JG MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Richman, JD Verkerke, W Witherell, M Yellin, S Beringer, J Dorfan, DE Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Heusch, CA Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, M Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Fahey, S Ford, WT Johnson, DR Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Sen, S Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Wagner, DL Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dahlinger, G Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Behr, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S Roussot, E T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Dittongo, S Folegani, M Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Fabbricatore, P Farinon, S Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Musenich, R Pallavicini, M Parodi, R Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Priano, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Morii, M Bartoldus, R Dignan, T Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Benkebil, N Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM LePeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Valassi, A Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M Shi, X van Bibber, K Wenaus, TJ Wright, DM Wuest, CR Carroll, M Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, A Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Dixon, P Harrison, PR Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Williams, MI Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Scott, I Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Simopoulos, ET Weatherall, JH Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Trischuk, J Lanni, F Palombo, F Bauer, JM Booke, M Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Martin, JP Nief, JY Seitz, R Taras, P Zacek, V Nicholson, H Sutton, CS Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Handler, I Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P De la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Lory, J Roos, L Stark, J Versille, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, JH Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Bula, C Elmer, P Lu, C McDonald, KT Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Fratini, K Lamanna, E Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Faccini, R Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, M Aleksan, R De Domenico, G Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Copty, N Purohit, MV Singh, H Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Anthony, PL Aston, D Baird, K Bloom, E Boyarski, AM Bulos, F Calderini, G Claus, R Convery, MR Coupal, DP Coward, DH Dorfan, J Doser, M Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Godfrey, L Gowdy, SJ Grosso, P Himel, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Moffeit, KC Mount, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Rochester, LS Roodman, A Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Weidemann, AW Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Turcotte, M Bianchi, F Bona, M Di Girolamo, B Gamba, D Smol, A Zanin, D Lanceri, L Pompili, A Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM De Silva, A Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Nielsen, J Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmerspeig-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Zobernig, H Kordich, TMB Neal, H AF Aubert, B Boutigny, D Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Robbe, P Tisserand, V Palano, A Chen, GP Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Reinertsen, PL Stugu, B Abbott, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Clark, AR Gill, MS Gritsan, A Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kluth, S Kolomensky, YG Kral, JF LeClerc, C Levi, ME Liu, T Lynch, G Meyer, A Momayezi, M Oddone, PJ Perazzo, A Pripstein, M Roe, NA Romosan, A Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Bright-Thomas, PG Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Kirk, A Knowles, DJ O'Neale, SW Penny, RC Watson, AT Watson, NK Deppermann, T Goetzen, K Koch, H Krug, J Kunze, M Lewandowski, B Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Andress, JC Barlow, NR Bhimji, W Chevalier, N Clark, PJ Cottingham, WN De Groot, N Dyce, N Foster, B McFall, JD Wallom, D Wilson, FF Abe, K Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Jolly, S McKemey, AK Tinslay, J Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Bukin, DA Buzykaev, AR Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Korol, AA Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Salnikov, AA Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Telnov, VI Yushkov, AN Best, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M McMahon, S Stoker, DP Ahsan, A Arisaka, K Buchanan, C Chun, S Branson, JG MacFarlane, DB Prell, S Rahatlou, S Raven, G Sharma, V Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hart, PA Kuznetsova, N Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Richman, JD Verkerke, W Witherell, M Yellin, S Beringer, J Dorfan, DE Eisner, AM Frey, A Grillo, AA Grothe, M Heusch, CA Johnson, RP Kroeger, W Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Sadrozinski, H Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Turri, M Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Metzler, S Oyang, J Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Weaver, M Yang, S Zhu, RY Devmal, S Geld, TL Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Barillari, T Bloom, P Dima, MO Fahey, S Ford, WT Johnson, DR Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Sen, S Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Wagner, DL Blouw, J Harton, JL Krishnamurthy, M Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dahlinger, G Dickopp, M Dubitzky, RS Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Otto, S Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Wilden, L Behr, L Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Cohen-Tanugi, J Ferrag, S Roussot, E T'Jampens, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Anjomshoaa, A Bernet, R Khan, A Muheim, F Playfer, S Swain, JE Falbo, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Dittongo, S Folegani, M Piemontese, L Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Falciai, D Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Xie, Y Zallo, A Bagnasco, S Buzzo, A Contri, R Crosetti, G Fabbricatore, P Farinon, S Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Musenich, R Pallavicini, M Parodi, R Passaggio, S Pastore, FC Patrignani, C Pia, MG Priano, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Morii, M Bartoldus, R Dignan, T Hamilton, R Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Fischer, PA Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Rosenberg, EI Benkebil, N Grosdidier, G Hast, C Hocker, A Lacker, HM LePeltier, V Lutz, AM Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Trincaz-Duvoid, S Valassi, A Wormser, G Bionta, RM Brigljevic, V Lange, DJ Mugge, M Shi, X van Bibber, K Wenaus, TJ Wright, DM Wuest, CR Carroll, M Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, M Kay, A Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Aspinwall, ML Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Eschrich, I Gunawardane, NJW Nash, JA Sanders, P Smith, D Azzopardi, DE Back, JJ Dixon, P Harrison, PR Potter, RJL Shorthouse, HW Strother, P Vidal, PB Williams, MI Cowan, G George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McGrath, P McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Scott, I Vaitsas, G Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, RJ Boyd, JT Forti, AC Fullwood, J Jackson, F Lafferty, GD Savvas, N Simopoulos, ET Weatherall, JH Farbin, A Jawahery, A Lillard, V Olsen, J Roberts, DA Schieck, JR Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Moore, TB Staengle, H Willocq, S Brau, B Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Milek, M Patel, PM Trischuk, J Lanni, F Palombo, F Bauer, JM Booke, M Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Martin, JP Nief, JY Seitz, R Taras, P Zacek, V Nicholson, H Sutton, CS Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C LoSecco, JM Alsmiller, JRG Gabriel, TA Handler, I Brau, J Frey, R Iwasaki, M Sinev, NB Strom, D Colecchia, F Dal Corso, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Michelon, G Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Torassa, E Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P De la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O Le Diberder, F Leruste, P Lory, J Roos, L Stark, J Versille, S Manfredi, PF Re, V Speziali, V Frank, ED Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, JH Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Triggiani, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Turnbull, L Wagoner, DE Albert, J Bula, C Elmer, P Lu, C McDonald, KT Miftakov, V Schaffner, SF Smith, AJS Tumanov, A Varnes, EW Cavoto, G del Re, D Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Fratini, K Lamanna, E Leonardi, E Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Serra, M Voena, C Faccini, R Christ, S Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Xella, M Aleksan, R De Domenico, G Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M London, GW Mayer, B Serfass, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Copty, N Purohit, MV Singh, H Yumiceva, FX Adam, I Anthony, PL Aston, D Baird, K Bloom, E Boyarski, AM Bulos, F Calderini, G Claus, R Convery, MR Coupal, DP Coward, DH Dorfan, J Doser, M Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Godfrey, L Gowdy, SJ Grosso, P Himel, T Huffer, ME Innes, WR Jessop, CP Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Langenegger, U Leith, DWGS Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Menke, S Messner, R Moffeit, KC Mount, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Perl, M Petrak, S Quinn, H Ratcliff, BN Robertson, SH Rochester, LS Roodman, A Schietinger, T Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Serbo, VV Snyder, A Soha, A Spanier, SM Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Tanaka, HA Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Cheng, CH Kirkby, D Meyer, TI Roat, C Henderson, R Bugg, W Cohn, H Weidemann, AW Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Turcotte, M Bianchi, F Bona, M Di Girolamo, B Gamba, D Smol, A Zanin, D Lanceri, L Pompili, A Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Brown, CM De Silva, A Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Charles, E Dasu, S Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hu, H Johnson, JR Liu, R Nielsen, J Pan, Y Prepost, R Scott, IJ Sekula, SJ von Wimmerspeig-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Zobernig, H Kordich, TMB Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of branching fractions for exclusive B decays to charmonium final states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY MESONS; FORM-FACTORS; FACTORIZATION AB We report branching fraction measurements for exclusive decays of charged and neutral B mesons into two-body final states containing a charmonium meson. We use a sample of 22.72+/-0.36 million B(B) over bar events collected between October 1999 and October 2000 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II storage rings at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The charmonium mesons considered here are J/psi, psi(2S), and chi(c1), and the light meson in the decay is either a K, K*, or pi(0). C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Elon Univ, Elon College, NC 27244 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. Univ London Queen Mary Coll, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Valassi, Andrea/K-7506-2012; Telnov, Valery/C-6900-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lamanna, Ernesto/C-7658-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Pallavicini, Marco/G-5500-2012; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Levy, Stephen/C-3493-2011; Schaffner, Stephen/D-1189-2011; Frank, Edward/A-8865-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Pia, Maria Grazia/C-7034-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Korol, Aleksandr/A-6244-2014; OI de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Valassi, Andrea/0000-0001-9322-9565; Telnov, Valery/0000-0002-8312-8119; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lamanna, Ernesto/0000-0002-7844-8230; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Pallavicini, Marco/0000-0001-7309-3023; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Pia, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-3579-9639; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Korol, Aleksandr/0000-0001-8448-218X; Watson, Nigel/0000-0002-8142-4678; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Nielsen, Jason/0000-0002-9175-4419; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103; Wallom, David/0000-0001-7527-3407; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 032001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.032001 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300005 ER PT J AU Aurenche, P Baier, R Becherrawy, T Gabellini, Y Gelis, F Grandou, T Le Bellac, M Pire, B Schiff, D Zaraket, H AF Aurenche, P Baier, R Becherrawy, T Gabellini, Y Gelis, F Grandou, T Le Bellac, M Pire, B Schiff, D Zaraket, H TI Comments on "Modification of Z boson properties in the quark-gluon plasma" and "Two-loop contribution to high mass dilepton production by a quark-gluon plasma" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Letter ID THERMAL FIELD-THEORIES; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GREEN-FUNCTIONS; REAL-TIME; COLLINEAR SINGULARITIES; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; QCD; CANCELLATION; DISCONTINUITIES; ANNIHILATION AB We examine recently published results, on the thermal production of massive vector bosons in a quark-gluon plasma. We claim the production rate of a massive boson is a collinear safe observable. C1 LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. Univ Nancy 1, Fac Sci, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. INLN, F-06560 Valbonne, France. Ecole Polytech, CPhT, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Paris 11, LPT, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Aurenche, P (reprint author), LAPTH, BP110, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Pire, Bernard/I-3994-2013 NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 038501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.038501 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300058 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Qiu, JW Zhang, XF AF Berger, EL Qiu, JW Zhang, XF TI QCD factorized Drell-Yan cross section at large transverse momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PROMPT-PHOTON PRODUCTION; LEPTON-PAIR PRODUCTION; HIGH-PT W; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; BOSON PRODUCTION; LEADING ORDER; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEV AB We derive a new factorization formula in perturbative quantum chromodynamics for the Drell-Yan massive lepton-pair cross section as a function of the transverse momentum Q(T) of the pair. When Q(T) is much larger than the pair's invariant mass Q, this factorization formula systematically resums the logarithmic contributions of the type alpha(s)(m)ln(m)(Q(T)(2)/Q(2)) to all orders in the strong coupling alpha(s). When Q(T)similar toQ, our formula yields the same Drell-Yan cross section as conventional fixed order QCD perturbation theory. We show that resummation is important when the collision energy rootS is large enough and Q(T) much greater than Q, and we argue that perturbative expansions are more stable and reliable in terms of the modified factorization formula. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 034006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.034006 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300025 ER PT J AU Gockeler, M Hehl, H Rakow, PEL Schafer, A Wettig, T AF Gockeler, M Hehl, H Rakow, PEL Schafer, A Wettig, T TI Spectrum of the SU(3) Dirac operator on the lattice: Transition from random matrix theory to chiral perturbation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPIC UNIVERSALITY; STAGGERED FERMIONS; QCD; EIGENVALUES; FLUCTUATIONS; DENSITY; ENERGY; EDGE AB We calculate complete spectra of the Kogut-Susskind Dirac operator on the lattice in quenched SU(3) gauge theory for various values of the coupling constant and lattice size. From these spectra we compute the connected and disconnected scalar susceptibilities and find agreement with chiral random matrix theory up to a certain energy scale, the Thouless energy. The dependence of this scale on the lattice volume is analyzed. In the case of the connected susceptibility this dependence is anomalous, and we explain the reason for this. We present a model of chiral perturbation theory that is capable of describing the data beyond the Thouless energy and that has a common range of applicability with chiral random matrix theory. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 034503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.034503 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300041 ER PT J AU Hall, L Nomura, Y Okui, T Smith, D AF Hall, L Nomura, Y Okui, T Smith, D TI SO(10) unified theories in six dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; SUPERSTRING THEORY; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY; UNIFICATION; ORBIFOLDS; STRINGS; SU(5) AB We construct supersymmetric models of SO(10) unification in which the gauge symmetry is broken by orhifold cornpactification. We rind that using boundary conditions to break the gauge symmetry down to SU(3)(C) x SU(2)(L) x U(1)(Y) x U(1)(X) without leaving unwanted mass less states requires at least two extra dimensions, motivating us to work with 6D orbifolds. SO(10) is broken by two operations, each of which induces gauge breaking to either the Georgi-Glashow, Pati-Salam, or flipped SU(5) x U(1) subgroups: assigning different unbroken subgroups to the two operations leaves only the standard model gauge group and U(1)(X) unbroken. The models we build employ extra-dimensional mechanisms for naturally realizing doublet-triplet suppressing proton decay, and avoiding unwanted grand-unified fermion mass relations. We find some tension between being free of anomalies of the 6D bulk, accommodating a simple mechanism for generating right-handed neutrino masses, and preserving the precise prediction of the weak mixing angle. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hall, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 48 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 035008 DI 10.1003/PhysRevD.65.035008 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300049 ER PT J AU Martin, SP AF Martin, SP TI Predictions of the sign of mu from supersymmetry breaking models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATIONS; ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; GAUGE-MEDIATED MODEL; EVEN HIGGS-BOSON; LARGE TAN-BETA; STANDARD MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL CONSEQUENCES; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; SUPERGRAVITY MODEL; SCALE SUPERGRAVITY AB The sign of the supersymmetric Higgs boson mass mu is usually taken as an independent input parameter in analyses of the supersymmetric standard model. I study the role of theories of supersymmetry breaking in determining the sign of mu as an output. Models with vanishing soft scalar couplings at the apparent gauge coupling unification scale are known to predict a positive mu. I investigate more general results for the sign of mu as a function of the holomorphic soft scalar couplings, and compare to predictions of models with gaugino mass dominance at higher scales. In a significant region of the B-0/m(1/2) versus A(0)/m(1/2) plane including A(0) = B-0 = 0, mu must be positive. In another region, mu is definitely negative. Only in a smaller intermediate region does knowledge of the supersymmetry breaking mechanism not pen-nit a definite prediction of die sign of mu. The last region will shrink considerably as the top quark mass becomes more accurately known. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 84 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 035003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.035003 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300044 ER PT J AU Zhu, SL Maekawa, CM Sacco, G Holstein, BR Ramsey-Musolf, MJ AF Zhu, SL Maekawa, CM Sacco, G Holstein, BR Ramsey-Musolf, MJ TI Electroweak radiative corrections to parity-violating electroexcitation of the Delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; MAGNETIC FORM-FACTOR; NEUTRAL-CURRENT; QUARK-MODEL; PROTON SCATTERING; PION PRODUCTION; HYPERON DECAYS; ANAPOLE MOMENT; NUCLEON; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB We analyze the degree to which parity-violating (PV) electroexcitation of the Delta(1232) resonance may be used to extract the weak neutral axial vector transition form factors. We find that the axial vector electroweak radiative corrections are large and theoretically uncertain, thereby modifying the nominal interpretation of the PV asymmetry in terms of the weak neutral form factors. We also show that, in contrast with the situation for elastic electron scattering, the axial N --> Delta PV asymmetry does not vanish at the photon point as a consequence of a new term entering the radiative corrections. We argue that an experimental determination of these radiative corrections would be of interest for hadron structure theory, possibly shedding light on the violation of Hara's theorem in weak, radiative hyperon decays. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Zhu, SL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 3 AR 033001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.65.033001 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 520QV UT WOS:000173793300009 ER PT J AU Barsky, S Robbins, MO AF Barsky, S Robbins, MO TI Bulk and interfacial shear thinning of immiscible polymers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STRONG FLOWS; MELTS; CHAIN; MODEL; SLIP AB Nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations are used to study the shear-thinning behavior of immiscible symmetric polymer blends. The phase-separated polymers are subjected to a simple shear flow imposed by moving a wall parallel to the fluid-fluid interface. The viscosity begins to shear thin at much lower rates in the bulk than at the interface. The entire shear-rate dependence of the interfacial viscosity is consistent with a shorter effective chain length s* that also describes the width of the interface. This s* is independent of chain length N and is a function only of the degree of immiscibility of the two polymers. Changes in polymer conformation are studied as a function of position and shear rate. Shear thinning correlates more closely with a decrease in the component of the radius of gyration along the velocity gradient than with elongation along the flow. At the interface, this contraction of chains is independent of N and consistent with the bulk behavior for chains of length s*. The distribution of conformational changes along chains is also studied. Central regions begin to stretch at a shear rate that decreases with increasing N, while shear induced changes at the ends of chains are independent of N. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Barsky, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 021808 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.021808 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XK UT WOS:000174038000065 PM 11863556 ER PT J AU Burda, Z Janik, RA Jurkiewicz, J Nowak, MA Papp, G Zahed, I AF Burda, Z Janik, RA Jurkiewicz, J Nowak, MA Papp, G Zahed, I TI Free random Levy matrices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ZERO VIRTUALITY; DIRAC OPERATOR; UNIVERSALITY; STATISTICS; MODELS; LIMIT; LAWS; QCD AB Using the theory of free random variables and the Coulomb gas analogy, we construct stable random matrix ensembles that are random matrix generalizations of the classical one-dimensional stable Levy distributions. We show that the resolvents for the corresponding matrices obey transcendental equations in the large size limit. We solve these equations in a number of cases, and show that the eigenvalue distributions exhibit Levy tails. For the analytically known Levy measures we explicitly construct the density of states using the method of orthogonal polynomials. We show that the Levy tail distributions are characterized by a different novel form of microscopic universality. C1 Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, HAS Res Grp Theoret Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RP Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. RI Papp, Gabor/D-1851-2012 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 021106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.021106 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XK UT WOS:000174038000011 PM 11863502 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JJ Frati, M Rocca, JJ Shlyaptsev, VN Osterheld, AL AF Gonzalez, JJ Frati, M Rocca, JJ Shlyaptsev, VN Osterheld, AL TI High-power-density capillary discharge plasma columns for shorter wavelength discharge-pumped soft-x-ray lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT GAIN; DYNAMICS AB We report the generation of plasma columns in gas-filled capillary channels using discharge excitation powers that exceed those of previous studies by one to two orders of magnitude. Current pulses up to 200 kA and 10-90 % rise time of similar to10 ns (current increase rate similar to1.5 x 10(13) A/s) were utilized to excite plasmas in 3.3 and 4 mm diameter channels. Time resolved soft-x-ray spectra and pinhole images of the plasma were obtained. The experimental data and its comparison with model computations suggest that dense argon plasma columns 300 mum in diameter with electron temperatures >250 eV have been obtained. These characteristics make these plasmas of interest for extending discharge-pumped lasers to shorter wavelengths. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gonzalez, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rocca@engr.colostate.edu NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 026404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.026404 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XN UT WOS:000174038300090 PM 11863665 ER PT J AU Jiang, XY Soukoulis, CM AF Jiang, XY Soukoulis, CM TI Localized random lasing modes and a path for observing localization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFYING RANDOM-MEDIA; STRONGLY SCATTERING MEDIA; LASER ACTION; STIMULATED-EMISSION; GAIN MEDIA; LIGHT; AMPLIFICATION; REFLECTION; ABSORPTION; SYSTEMS AB We demonstrate that a knowledge of the density of states and the eigenstates of a random system without gain, in conjunction with the frequency profile of the gain, can accurately predict the mode that will lase first. Its critical pumping rate can also be obtained. It is found that the shape of the wave function of the random system remains unchanged as gain is introduced. These results were obtained by the time-independent transfer matrix method and finite-difference time-domain methods in a one-dimensional model. They can also be analytically understood by generalizing the semiclassical Lamb theory of lasing in random systems. These findings provide a path for observing the localization of light, such as looking for the mobility edge and studying the localized states. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 025601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.025601 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XN UT WOS:000174038300004 PM 11863579 ER PT J AU Joshi, RP Hu, Q Schoenbach, KH Hjalmarson, HP AF Joshi, RP Hu, Q Schoenbach, KH Hjalmarson, HP TI Theoretical predictions of electromechanical deformation of cells subjected to high voltages for membrane electroporation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BILAYER LIPID-MEMBRANES; PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; CURVATURE ELASTICITY; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; FLUID MEMBRANES; GENE-TRANSFER; VESICLES; PERMEABILIZATION; BREAKDOWN AB An electromechanical analysis based on thin-shell theory is presented to analyze cell shape changes in response to external electric fields. This approach can be extended to include osmotic-pressure changes. Our calculations demonstrate that at large fields, the spherical cell geometry can be significantly modified, and even ellipsoidal forms would be inappropriate to account for the deformation. Values of the surface forces obtained from our calculations are in very good agreement with the 1-10 mN/m range for membrane rupture reported in the literature. The results, in keeping with reports in the literature. demonstrate that the final shape depends on membrane thickness. This has direct implications for tissues in which significant molecular restructuring can occur. It is also shown that. at least for the smaller electric fields, both the cellular surface area and volume change roughly in a quadratic manner with the electric field. Finally, it is shown that the bending moments are generally quite small and can be neglected for a simpler analysis. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol & Mat Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 021913 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.021913 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XK UT WOS:000174038000078 PM 11863569 ER PT J AU Nishikawa, T Toroczkai, Z Grebogi, C Tel, T AF Nishikawa, T Toroczkai, Z Grebogi, C Tel, T TI Finite-size effects on active chaotic advection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PLANKTON DYNAMICS; OPEN FLOWS; PARTICLES; COEXISTENCE; ATTRACTORS; DIFFUSION; MOTION; FIELDS; MODEL AB A small (but finite-size) spherical particle advected by fluid flows obeys equations of motion that are inherently dissipative, due to the Stokes drag. The dynamics of the advected particle can be chaotic even with a flow field that is simply time periodic. Similar to the case of ideal tracers, whose dynamics is Hamiltonian, chemical or biological activity involving such particles can be analyzed using the theory of chaotic dynamics. Using the example of an autocatalytic reaction. A + B-->2B, we show that the balance between dissipation in the particle dynamics and production due to reaction leads to a steady state distribution Or the reagent. We also,chow that, in the case of coalescence reaction, B + B-->B, the decay of the particle density obeys a universal scaling law as approximately t(-1) and that the particle distribution becomes restricted to a subset with fractal dimension D-2, where D-2 is the correlation dimension of the chaotic attractor in the particle dynamics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. RP Arizona State Univ, Dept Math, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Toroczkai, Zoltan/A-3421-2008; Nishikawa, Takashi/B-3752-2010 OI Toroczkai, Zoltan/0000-0002-6602-2849; Nishikawa, Takashi/0000-0002-2147-0242 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 026216 DI 10.1103/Phys.RevE.65.026216 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XN UT WOS:000174038300066 PM 11863641 ER PT J AU Troha, AL Hartemann, FV AF Troha, AL Hartemann, FV TI Reply to "comment on 'vacuum electron acceleration by coherent dipole radiation' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASER; RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; BEAMS; CYCLE; DIFFRACTION; PROPAGATION; LIGHT AB Wang et al. [Phys. Rev. E 65, 028501 (2002)] claim that an electron interacting in vacuum with a unipolar plane electromagnetic wave will permanently gain energy, thus circumventing the Lawson-Woodward Theorem. We demonstrate that realistic, three-dimensional unipolar impulses cannot permanently impart energy to electrons in vacuum. leaving only the idealistic, one-dimensional, plane-wave impulse as a topic for academic discussion. We also note in passing that the version of the Lawson-Woodward theorem. which they are employing, is an erroneous version that has emerged in the laser acceleration literature over the last decade, and we direct the reader to the relevant papers containing the correct version of the theorem. Finally, We show that both our work and the proposal of Wang et al. are consistent with the correct version of this theory. and that the criticism by Wang et al. is thus without merit. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Troha, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 028502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.028502 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XN UT WOS:000174038300128 ER PT J AU Van Siclen, CD AF Van Siclen, CD TI Walker diffusion method for calculation of transport properties of finite composite systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RANDOM RESISTOR NETWORKS; PERCOLATION CONDUCTIVITY; EXPONENT AB A heterogeneous medium may be represented by a scalar field of local transport coefficients (e.g., conductivity) or by a "resistor network" derived from that scalar field. In either case the effective (macroscopic) and local (microscopic) transport properties may be calculated by the walker diffusion method. Some sample calculations for disordered systems are presented to demonstrate the method. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Siclen, CD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM cvs@inel.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 AR 026144 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.026144 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 524XN UT WOS:000174038300049 PM 11863624 ER PT J AU Fedotov, AV Hofmann, I AF Fedotov, AV Hofmann, I TI Half-integer resonance crossing in high-intensity rings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID SPACE-CHARGE AB A detailed study of the influence of space charge on the crossing of second-order resonances is presented and associated with the space-charge limit of high-intensity rings. Two-dimensional simulation studies are compared with envelope models, which agree in the finding of an increased intensity limit due to the coherent frequency shift. This result is also found for realistic bunched beams with multiturn injection painting. Characteristic features such as the influence of tune splitting, structure resonances, and the role of envelope instabilities are discussed in detail. The theoretical limits are found to be in good agreement with the performance of high-intensity proton machines. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Fedotov, AV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CA Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 AR 024202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.024202 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GR UT WOS:000173659200005 ER PT J AU Lewellen, JW AF Lewellen, JW TI Ion tracking in photocathode rf guns SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB Projected next-generation linac-based light sources, such as PERL or the TESLA free-electron laser, generally assume, as essential components of their injector complexes, long-pulse photocathode rf electron guns. These guns, due to their design rf pulse durations of many milliseconds to continuous wave, may be more susceptible to ion bombardment damage of their cathodes than conventional rf guns, which typically use rf pulses of microsecond duration. This paper explores this possibility in terms of ion propagation within the gun, and presents a basis for future study of the subject. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewellen, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 AR 020101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.020101 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GR UT WOS:000173659200003 ER PT J AU Tzenov, SI Davidson, RC AF Tzenov, SI Davidson, RC TI Hamiltonian formalism for solving the Vlasov-Poisson equations and its applications to periodic focusing systems and coherent beam-beam interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article AB A Hamiltonian approach to the solution of the Vlasov-Poisson equations has been developed. Based on a nonlinear canonical transformation, the rapidly oscillating terms in the original Hamiltonian are transformed away, yielding a new Hamiltonian that contains slowly varying terms only. The formalism has been applied to the dynamics of an intense beam propagating through a periodic focusing lattice, and to the coherent beam-beam interaction. A stationary solution to the transformed Vlasov equation has been obtained. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Tzenov, SI (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Tzenov, Stephan/0000-0001-8672-308X NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 AR 021001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.021001 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GR UT WOS:000173659200001 ER PT J AU Vogt, M Sen, T Ellison, JA AF Vogt, M Sen, T Ellison, JA TI Simulations of three one-dimensional limits of the strong-strong beam-beam interaction in hadron colliders using weighted macroparticle tracking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID VLASOV-POISSON SYSTEM; APPROXIMATION AB We develop the method of weighted macroparticle tracking (WMPT) for simulating the time evolution of the moments of the phase space densities of two beams which are coupled via the collective (strong-strong) beam-beam interaction in the absence of diffusion and damping. As an initial test we apply this method to study the pi mode and the sigma mode in three different 1D limits of the beam-beam interaction. The three limits are flat beams and transverse motion in the direction of the small width, round beams, and flat beams and motion in the direction of the large width. We have written a code (BBDeMo1D) based on WMPT, which allows testing of all three limits and is suited for extension to 2 degrees of freedom. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Vogt, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM vogtm@math.unm.edu; tsen@fnal.gov; ellison@math.unm.edu NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD FEB PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 AR 024401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.024401 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 518GR UT WOS:000173659200006 ER PT J AU Kalos, MH Post, DE AF Kalos, MH Post, DE TI The universal computer: The road front Leibniz to Turing. SO PHYSICS IN PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Book Review C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kalos, MH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6944 J9 PHYS PERSPECT JI Phys. Perspect. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 118 EP 119 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 531YE UT WOS:000174444200007 ER PT J AU Lazukov, VN Nefedova, EV Sikolenko, VV Staub, U Alekseev, PA Nemkovskii, KS Pradervand, S Sadikov, IP Soderhom, L Tiden, NN AF Lazukov, VN Nefedova, EV Sikolenko, VV Staub, U Alekseev, PA Nemkovskii, KS Pradervand, S Sadikov, IP Soderhom, L Tiden, NN TI 4f-electron correlations and lattice properties of a valence-unstable CeNi compound SO PHYSICS OF METALS AND METALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Neutron diffraction analysis was used to measure temperature dependences of structural parameters of the strongly correlated electron system of CeNi. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the valence of Cc ions in a temperature range of 10-295 K. It was found that below the temperature of 150 K at which there takes place the development of spin correlations between 4f electrons of Cc ions (150 K), a substantial change of the lattice properties of the compound occurs. This may be caused by strong magnetoelastic interactions. C1 Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lazukov, VN (reprint author), Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Pl Kurchatova 1, Moscow 123182, Russia. RI Sikolenko, Vadim/D-3869-2011; Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015 OI Sikolenko, Vadim/0000-0001-5252-6870; NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0031-918X J9 PHYS MET METALLOGR+ JI Phys. Metals Metallogr. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 93 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 535DX UT WOS:000174630900010 ER PT J AU Ricci, P Lapenta, G AF Ricci, P Lapenta, G TI Properties of the Lenard-Balescu collision operator: A numerical study SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL PLASMA; DUSTY PLASMAS; RELAXATION; PARTICLES; KINETICS AB The kinetic evolution of a one-dimensional electrostatic plasma is discussed, comparing the different predictions of three kinetic models: the Vlasov model, the Lenard-Balescu model, and the exact transport model. The attention is focused on the Lenard-Balescu approach whose properties are studied in detail. The kinetic parameters present in the Lenard-Balescu collision operator are studied analytically and the kinetic equation with the Lenard-Balescu collision operator is solved numerically. The numerical solutions are compared with the results of an exact microscopic model and found in remarkable agreement. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Turin, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Politecn Torino, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM lapenta@lanl.gov OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1063/1.1418720 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700007 ER PT J AU Munsat, T Efthimion, PC Jones, B Kaita, R Majeski, R Stutman, D Taylor, G AF Munsat, T Efthimion, PC Jones, B Kaita, R Majeski, R Stutman, D Taylor, G TI Transient transport experiments in the current-drive experiment upgrade spherical torus SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HEAT-PULSE-PROPAGATION; ASPECT-RATIO TOKAMAKS; FUSION TEST REACTOR; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; PERTURBATIVE TRANSPORT; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; BOOTSTRAP-CURRENT; DIII-D; PLASMAS; ELECTRON AB Electron transport has been measured in the Current-Drive Experiment Upgrade (CDX-U) (T. Jones, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 1995) using two separate perturbative techniques. Sawteeth at the q=1 radius (r/asimilar to0.15) induced outward-propagating heat pulses, providing time-of-flight information leading to a determination of chi(e) as a function of radius. Gas modulation at the plasma edge introduced inward-propagating cold pulses, providing a complementary time-of-flight based chi(e) profile measurement. This work represents the first localized measurement of chi(e) in a spherical torus. Core (r/a<1/3) chi(e) values from the sawtooth study are 1-2 m(2)/s, and from the gas modulation study are 1-6 m(2)/s, increasing by an order of magnitude or more outside of the core region. Furthermore, the chi(e) profile exhibits a sharp transition near r/a=1/3. Spectral and profile analyses of the soft x-rays, scanning interferometer, and edge probe data show no evidence of a significant magnetic island causing the high chi(e) region. Comparisons are performed to several theoretical models, with measured chi(e)approximate to5-10x neoclassical estimates in the core. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Munsat, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1063/1.1428557 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700014 ER PT J AU Perkins, FW White, RB Chan, VS AF Perkins, FW White, RB Chan, VS TI On plasma rotation induced by traveling fast Alfven waves SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ALCATOR C-MOD; TOROIDAL ROTATION; GENERATION AB Absorption of fast Alfven waves by the minority fundamental ion-cyclotron resonance, coupled with finite banana width physics, generates torque distributions, and ultimately rotational shear layers in the bulk plasma, even when the toroidal wave number k(phi)=n/R of the fast wave vanishes (n=0) and cyclotron absorption introduces no angular momentum nor canonical angular momentum [F. W. Perkins, R. B. White, P. T. Bonoli, and V. S. Chan, Phys. Plasmas 8, 2181 (2001)]. The present work extends these results to traveling waves with nonzero n where heating directly introduces angular momentum. Since tokamak fast-wave antennas have approximately one wavelength per toroidal field coil, the toroidal mode number n lies in the range n=10-30, independent of machine size. A zero-dimensional analysis shows that the rotation rate arising from direct torque is comparable to that of the rotational shear layer and has the same scaling. Nondimensional rotation profiles for n=(-10, 10) show modest changes from the n=0 case in the expected direction. For a balanced antenna spectrum, the nondimensional rotational profile (averaged over n=-10, 10) lies quite close to the n=0 profile. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Perkins, FW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1063/1.1415751 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700018 ER PT J AU Gianakon, TA Kruger, SE Hegna, CC AF Gianakon, TA Kruger, SE Hegna, CC TI Heuristic closures for numerical simulations of neoclassical tearing modes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN MAGNETIC ISLANDS; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; TOROIDAL PLASMA; PRESSURE; INSTABILITIES; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; GEOMETRY AB Heuristic closures are presented for use in simulations of neoclassical modifications to magnetohydrodynamic phenomenon in tokamaks. The closures capture the dominant physics expected from linear and quasilinear neoclassical instability theory and are computationally easy to implement. Numerical results from the NIMROD [A. H. Glasser, C. R. Sovinec, R. A. Nebel et al, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 41, A747 (1999)] code are shown which demonstrate poloidal flow damping, growth rate reduction due to the neoclassical enhancement of the polarization current, and generation of perturbed bootstrap currents and subsequent generation of a neoclassical tearing mode. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Gianakon, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87505 USA. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 536 EP 547 DI 10.1063/1.1424924 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700021 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, ED AF Fredrickson, ED TI Observation of spontaneous neoclassical tearing modes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; MAGNETIC ISLANDS; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; COLLISIONALITY; THRESHOLD; TRANSPORT AB In this paper data are presented from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [D. Meade and the TFTR Group, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion, Washington, DC, 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. I, pp. 9-14] which challenge the commonly held belief that extrinsic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) events such as sawteeth or edge localized modes are required to provide the seed islands that trigger neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs). While sawteeth are reported to provide the trigger for most of the NTMs on DIII-D [J. Luxon and DIII-D Group, in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Kyoto (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p 159] and ASDEX-U [O. Gruber, H.-S. Bosch, S. Gunter , Nucl. Fusion 39, 1321 (1999)], the majority of NTMs seen in TFTR occur in plasmas without sawteeth, that is, which are above the beta threshold for sawtooth stabilization. Examples of NTMs appearing in the absence of any detectable extrinsic MHD activity will be shown. Conversely, large n=1 modes in plasmas above the NTM beta threshold generally do not trigger NTMs. An alternative mechanism for generating seed islands will be discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Fredrickson, ED (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 548 EP 559 DI 10.1063/1.1435003 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700022 ER PT J AU Barnes, DC AF Barnes, DC TI Stability of long field-reversed configurations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TILT MODE AB The stability of very elongated field-reversed configurations is solved by an expansion in the small parameter epsilon (inverse elongation). It is first shown that all possible unstable modes have small growth rates (gamma similar toepsilon). The internal tilt mode is considered in detail. An explicit form for deltaW in leading order is derived, and leads to a quadratic form including Hall terms. A sufficient condition for stability is obtained by minimizing deltaW, leading to a field-line ordinary differential equation. Sufficient stability conditions are obtained from this formulation, and indicate stability for S-*/E<2 (where S-* is the ratio of separatrix radius to collisionless ion skin depth and E the elongation of the separatrix), if the local criterion is used. It is argued that a volume-averaged condition is more appropriate when finite ion orbit effects are included. This leads to S-*/E<3.5-4 for stability, independent of separatrix shape or x(s) (separatrix radius to wall radius at the midplane). This condition for stability compares favorably with experimental observations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnes, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 560 EP 568 DI 10.1063/1.1435425 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700023 ER PT J AU Kostyukov, IY Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Rax, JM AF Kostyukov, IY Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Rax, JM TI Magnetic-field generation and electron acceleration in relativistic laser channel SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID UNDERDENSE PLASMA; HOT-ELECTRONS; PULSE; ABSORPTION; TARGETS; WAVES; BEAM; PARTICLES; WAKEFIELD AB The interaction between energetic electrons and a circularly polarized laser pulse inside an ion channel is studied. Laser radiation can be resonantly absorbed by electrons executing betatron oscillations in the ion channel and absorbing angular momentum from the laser. The absorbed angular momentum manifests itself as a strong axial magnetic field (inverse Faraday effect). The magnitude of this magnetic field is calculated and related to the amount of the absorbed energy. Absorbed energy and generated magnetic field are estimated for the small and large energy gain regimes. Qualitative comparisons with recent experiments are also made. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Ecole Polytech, LPMI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Kostyukov, IY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, 46 Uljanov St, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RI Kostyukov, Igor/A-4362-2014 OI Kostyukov, Igor/0000-0002-5818-440X NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 636 EP 648 DI 10.1063/1.1430436 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700032 ER PT J AU Alman, DA Ruzic, DN Brooks, JN AF Alman, DA Ruzic, DN Brooks, JN TI A hydrocarbon reaction model for low temperature hydrogen plasmas and an application to the Joint European Torus (vol 7, pg 1421, 2000) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alman, DA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 738 EP 740 DI 10.1063/1.1424308 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 514CH UT WOS:000173418700051 ER PT J AU Foster, I AF Foster, I TI The grid: A new infrastructure for 21st century science SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Winstein, Carolee/A-8375-2008; Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 14 TC 249 Z9 287 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD FEB PY 2002 VL 55 IS 2 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1063/1.1461327 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 516EW UT WOS:000173540000014 ER PT J AU Rahm, D Samios, N Willen, E AF Rahm, D Samios, N Willen, E TI Ralph P. Shutt - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rahm, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD FEB PY 2002 VL 55 IS 2 BP 68 EP 70 DI 10.1063/1.1461334 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 516EW UT WOS:000173540000015 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Tschaplinski, TJ Norby, RJ AF Wullschleger, SD Tschaplinski, TJ Norby, RJ TI Plant water relations at elevated CO2 - implications for water-limited environments SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE atmospheric CO2 enrichment; carbon allocation; global change; osmotic adjustment; osmotic potential; stomatal conductance; transpiration; water-use efficiency; water stress ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; MESQUITE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; PRUNUS-AVIUM SEEDLINGS; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; USE EFFICIENCY; PINUS-TAEDA; STOMATAL BEHAVIOR; HONEY MESQUITE; QUERCUS-ROBUR AB Long-term exposure of plants to elevated [CO2] leads to a number of growth and physiological effects, many of which are interpreted in the context of ameliorating the negative impacts of drought. However, despite considerable study, a clear picture in terms of the influence of elevated [CO2] On plant water relations and the role that these effects play in determining the response of plants to elevated [CO2] under water-limited conditions has been slow to emerge. In this paper, four areas of research are examined that represent critical, yet uncertain, themes related to the response of plants to elevated [CO2] and drought. These include (1) fine-root proliferation and implications for whole-plant water uptake; (2) enhanced water-use efficiency and consequences for drought tolerance; (3) reductions in stomatal conductance and impacts OR leaf water potential; and (4) solute accumulation, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance of [eaves. A survey of the literature indicates that the growth of plants at elevated [CO2] can lead to conditions whereby plants maintain higher- (less negative) leaf water potentials. The mechanisms that contribute to this effect are not fully known, although CO2-induced reductions in stomatal conductance, increases in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and osmotic adjustment may be important. Less understood are the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and drought on fine-root production and water-use efficiency, and the contribution of these processes to plant growth in water-limited environments. Increases in water-use efficiency and reductions in water use can contribute to enhanced soil water content under elevated [CO2]. Herbaceous crops and grasslands are most responsive in this regard. The conservation of soil water at elevated [CO2] in other systems has been less studied, but in terms of maintaining growth or carbon gain during drought, the benefits of CO2-induced improvements in soil water content appear relatively minor. Nonetheless, because even small effects of elevated [CO2] on plant and soil water relations can have important implications for ecosystems, we conclude that this area of research deserves continued investigation. Future studies that focus on cellular mechanisms of plant response to elevated [CO2] and drought are needed, as are whole-plant investigations that emphasize the integration of processes throughout the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. We suggest that the hydraulic principles that govern water transport provide an integrating framework that would allow CO2-induced changes in stomata[ conductance, leaf water potential, root growth and other processes to be uniquely evaluated within the context of whole-plant hydraulic conductance and water transport efficiency. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 NR 93 TC 209 Z9 223 U1 4 U2 87 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00796.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 525GX UT WOS:000174061500017 ER PT J AU LeBrasseur, ND MacIntosh, GC Perez-Amador, MA Saitoh, M Green, PJ AF LeBrasseur, ND MacIntosh, GC Perez-Amador, MA Saitoh, M Green, PJ TI Local and systemic wound-induction of RNase and nuclease activities in Arabidopsis: RNS1 as a marker for a JA-independent systemic signaling pathway SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; jasmonic acid; oligogalacturonides; wounding; ribonuclease; systemic signaling ID ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; OCTADECANOID PATHWAY; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALICYLIC-ACID; PLANT-LEAVES; THALIANA; TOMATO; RIBONUCLEASE AB Induction of defense-related genes is one way in which plants respond to mechanical injury. We investigated whether RNases are involved in the wound response in Arabidopsis thaliana. As in other plant systems, several activities are induced with various timings in damaged leaves, stems and seedlings in Arabidopsis, including at least three bifunctional nucleases, capable of degrading both RNA and DNA, as well as RNS1, a member of the ubiquitous RNase T-2 family of RNases. The strong induction of RNS1 is particularly interesting because it occurs both locally and systemically following wounding. The systemic induction of this RNase indicates that members of this family may be involved in defense mechanisms in addition to their previously hypothesized functions in nutrient recycling and remobilization. Additionally, the systemic induction appears to be controlled independently of jasmonic acid, and the local induction of RNS1 and the nuclease activities are independent of both JA and oligosaccharide elicitors. Consequently, a novel systemic pathway, likely involving a third signal, appears to exist in Arabidopsis. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Green, PJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI MacIntosh, Gustavo/0000-0003-1350-1229 NR 48 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01223.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 527ZX UT WOS:000174219300001 PM 11846873 ER PT J AU de Souza, MP Pickering, IJ Walla, M Terry, N AF de Souza, MP Pickering, IJ Walla, M Terry, N TI Selenium assimilation and volatilization from selenocyanate-treated Indian mustard and muskgrass SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; THIOBACILLUS-THIOPARUS; THIOCYANATE HYDROLASE; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; CARBONYL SULFIDE; FOOD PLANTS; WATER; ACCUMULATION; BROCCOLI; REMOVAL AB Selenocyanate (SeCN-) is a major contaminant in the effluents from some oil refineries, power plants, and in mine drainage water. In this study, we determined the potential of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and muskgrass (a macroalga, Chara canescens) for SeCN- phytoremediation in upland and wetland situations, respectively. The tolerance of Indian mustard to toxic levels of SeCN- was similar to or higher than other toxic forms of Se. Indian mustard treated with 20 muM SeCN- removed 30% (w/v) of the Se supplied in 5 d, accumulating 554 and 86 mug of Se g(-1) dry weight in roots and shoots, respectively. Under similar conditions, muskgrass removed approximately 9% (w/v) of the Se supplied as SeCN- and accumulated 27 mug of Se g(-1) dry weight. A biochemical pathway for SeCN- degradation was proposed for Indian mustard. Indian mustard and muskgrass efficiently degraded SeCN- as none of the Se accumulated by either organism remained in this form. Indian mustard accumulated predominantly organic Se, whereas muskgrass contained Se mainly as selenite and organic Se forms. Indian mustard produced volatile Se from SeCN- in the form of less toxic dimethylselenide. Se volatilization by Indian mustard accounted for only 0.7% (w/v) of the SeCN- removed, likely because the biochemical steps in the production of dimethylselenide from organic Se were rate limiting. Indian mustard is promising for the phytoremediation of SeCN--contaminated soil and water because of its remarkable abilities to phytoextract SeCN- and degrade all the accumulated SeCN- to other Se forms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Terry, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013; OI Pickering, Ingrid/0000-0002-0936-2994 NR 38 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 625 EP 633 DI 10.1104/pp.010686 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 523VC UT WOS:000173977100033 PM 11842165 ER PT J AU Angioni, C Pochelon, A Gorelenkov, NN McClements, KG Sauter, O Budny, RV de Vries, PC Howell, DF Mantsinen, M Nave, MFF Sharapov, SE AF Angioni, C Pochelon, A Gorelenkov, NN McClements, KG Sauter, O Budny, RV de Vries, PC Howell, DF Mantsinen, M Nave, MFF Sharapov, SE CA EFDA-JET Workprogramme TI Neutral beam stabilization of sawtooth oscillations in JET SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL KINK MODES; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; STABILITY; TOKAMAK; PARTICLES; REGIME AB Recent experiments in the Joint European Torus (JET) have provided evidence of sawtooth stabilization by fast ions arising from deuterium neutral beam injection (NBI). A possible theoretical basis for the interpretation of the observed sawtooth period behaviour is investigated and predictions are compared with experimental results, using a sawtooth period model developed to predict the sawtooth period in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Unlike the case of ion cyclotron resonance heating, a detailed comparison between theory and experiment for NBI has not yet been made. In the model employed in this paper, a beam ion contribution to the internal kink potential energy has been incorporated, using a simple analytical expression valid in the limit of isotropic fast particles. This analytical expression has been found to compare well with detailed calculations performed with a hybrid kinetic/MHD code NOVA-K, using fast particle distribution functions computed with a plasma analysis code TRANSP. The beam ion contribution has been implemented in a transport code PRETOR and a few representative JET discharges have been analysed and modelled. The beam ion term is found to be sufficiently stabilizing to produce simulated sawtooth periods in agreement with the experimental results. Sawtooth periods computed without taking this term into account are much shorter than the measured periods. The model indicates that sawteeth are triggered in these JET discharges by excitation of the internal kink in the semi-collisional ion-kinetic regime: this was found by previous authors to be the sawtooth trigger most likely to be relevant to ITER. The role of beam ions in determining the sawtooth period in JET is thus found to be similar to the predicted role of alpha-particles in ITER. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Helsinki Univ Technol, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. Inst Super Tecn, EURATOM Assoc, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Angioni, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM Clemente.Angioni@epfl.ch RI McClements, Ken/H-7985-2012; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Mantsinen, Mervi/B-8023-2016 OI Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Mantsinen, Mervi/0000-0001-9927-835X NR 39 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/2/305 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 532CP UT WOS:000174454300007 ER PT J AU Sergeev, VY Janev, RK Rakovic, MJ Zou, S Tamura, N Khlopenkov, KV Sudo, S AF Sergeev, VY Janev, RK Rakovic, MJ Zou, S Tamura, N Khlopenkov, KV Sudo, S TI Optimization of CXRS TESPEL diagnostics on LHD in the visible spectral range SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE AB A model for calculations of Charge eXchange Recombination (CXR) signals of impurity nuclei injected in a high-temperature plasma has been developed. The CXR signals for an Li tracer in Tracer Encapsulated Solid PELlet (TESPEL) experiments on LHD and CHS machines have been calculated. The difference of about two orders of magnitude found in the calculated signals is due to the difference both in the NBI neutral flux density and in the capture-radiation cross-sections, and explains the weak Li3+ CXR signals observed in the measurements on LHD. Calculations of the CXR signals for various injected impurities have been performed for LHD conditions. The operational range of TESPEL diagnostics in the visible spectral range on LHD has been determined. For T-e = 1-2 keV (P-NBI = 3 MW) and N-e = (2-5) x 10(13) cm(-3), injection of F, Mg and Al as tracer materials ensures the largest CXR signals together with complete ionization times of the injected impurity which are much smaller than the impurity transport times. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 1000, Russia. Macedonian Acad Sci & Arts, Skopje 195251, Macedonia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Sergeev, VY (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Oroshi Cho,322-6 Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 277 EP 292 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/2/310 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 532CP UT WOS:000174454300012 ER PT J AU Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Valeo, E AF Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R Valeo, E TI Effects of two-dimensional and finite density fluctuations on O-X correlation reflectometry SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Letter ID MICROWAVE REFLECTOMETRY; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FUSION PLASMAS; Q-PROFILE; CORE AB The correlation between O- and X-mode reflectometer signals is studied with a one- and two-dimensional reflectometer model in order to explore its feasibilities as a q-profile diagnostic. it was found that two-dimensional effects and finite fluctuation levels both decrease the O-X correlation, At very low fluctuation levels, which are usually present in the plasma core, there is a good possibility of determining the local magnetic field strength and use that as a constraint for the equilibrium reconstruction. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kramer, GJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM gkramer@pppl.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP L11 EP L19 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/2/102 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 532CP UT WOS:000174454300002 ER PT J AU Valeo, EJ Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R AF Valeo, EJ Kramer, GJ Nazikian, R TI Two-dimensional simulations of correlation reflectometry in fusion plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Letter ID SHORT-PULSE REFLECTOMETRY; MICROWAVE REFLECTOMETRY; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SENSITIVITY AB A two-dimensional wave propagation code, developed specifically to simulate correlation reflectometry in large-scale fusion plasmas, is described. The code makes use of separate computational methods in the vacuum, underdense and reflection regions of the plasma in order to obtain the high computational efficiency necessary for correlation analysis. Simulations of TFTR plasma with internal transport barriers are presented and compared with one-dimensional full-wave simulations. It is shown that the two-dimensional simulations are remarkably similar to the results of the one-dimensional full-wave analysis for a wide range of turbulent correlation lengths. Implications for the interpretation of correlation reflectometer measurements in fusion plasma are discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Valeo, EJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP L1 EP L10 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/44/2/101 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 532CP UT WOS:000174454300001 ER PT J AU Lagasse, RR Thompson, KR AF Lagasse, RR Thompson, KR TI Spatial gradients in particle reinforced polymers characterized by X-ray attenuation and laser confocal microscopy SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE composite; filler; particle ID SEDIMENTATION; SUSPENSIONS; COMPOSITES; EPOXY AB The goal of this work is to develop techniques for measuring gradients in particle concentration within filled polymers, such as thermosetting polymer encapsulants. A high concentration of filler particles is added to such materials to tailor physical properties such as thermal expansion coefficient. Sedimentation and flow-induced migration of particles can produce concentration gradients that are most severe near boundaries. Therefore, techniques for measuring local particle concentration should be accurate near boundaries. Particle gradients in an alumina-filled epoxy resin are measured with a spatial resolution of 0.2 mm using an X-ray beam attenuation technique, but an artifact reduces accuracy near the specimen's edge. Local particle concentration near an edge can be measured more reliably using microscopy coupled with image analysis. This is illustrated by measuring concentration profiles of glass particles having 40 Pm median diameter using images acquired with a confocal laser fluorescence microscope. The mean of the measured profiles of volume fraction agrees to better than 3% with the expected value and the shape of the profiles agrees qualitatively with simple theory for sedimentation of monodisperse particles. Evidence that the microscopic method can be extended to smaller particles is provided by local concentration measurements on an epoxy polymer containing particles having diameters of the order of 1 mum. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Mech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lagasse, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 803 EP 812 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00637-1 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 500CC UT WOS:000172607500018 ER PT J AU Assink, RA Gillen, KT Sanderson, B AF Assink, RA Gillen, KT Sanderson, B TI Monitoring the degradation of a thermally aged EPDM terpolymer by H-1 NMR relaxation measurements of solvent swelled samples SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE EPDM terpolymer; thermal oxidation; degradation monitoring ID CROSS-LINKS; MODULUS; POLYMERS; DENSITY; H-1-NMR AB H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times were investigated as a method for monitoring the degradation of polymeric materials. The properties of an ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) terpolymer, oven aged at 140 degreesC, were first characterized by traditional mechanical and solution measurements including ultimate tensile elongation, tensile strength, tensile modulus, gel fraction, solvent uptake and density. The elongation and density results provided a characteristic lifetime for this material at 140 degreesC. The other measurements demonstrated that the EPDM terpolymer undergoes predominately chain scission during the early stages of the degradation process and predominately cross-linking during the latter stages. H-1 NMR spin-spin relaxation times, T-2, of the solid polymer were insensitive to the degree of aging until the polymer was very heavily cross-linked after long exposure times. The H-1 NMR T(2)s of the polymer swelled in deutero-chloroform were as sensitive to aging as any of the classical measurements cited above. The NMR measurements have the advantage of being rapid, requiring minimal amounts of sample and being applicable for unconventional sample forms such as films, foams and powders. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1349 EP 1355 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00661-9 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 503WJ UT WOS:000172824400036 ER PT J AU Lukasheva, NV Niemela, S Neelov, IM Darinskii, AA Sundholm, F Cook, R AF Lukasheva, NV Niemela, S Neelov, IM Darinskii, AA Sundholm, F Cook, R TI Conformational variability of helix sense reversals in poly(methyl isocyanate) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyisocyanates; helix reversals; PCFF forcefield ID OPTICALLY-ACTIVE POLYISOCYANATES; POLY(NORMAL-ALKYL ISOCYANATES); POLY(HEXYL ISOCYANATE); DILUTE-SOLUTION; CHAIN; POLYMER AB The conformations and energies of several helix sense reversal geometries in poly(methyl isocyanate) (PMIC) have been determined using the PCFF forcefield. In an extension of previous studies, a larger conformational variability for a helix sense reversal has been investigated. In addition to the reversal geometry previously detailed by several authors that results in a relatively small angle deviation from the rod-like polyisocyanate structure, we report the discovery of reversals of similar energy with much larger angle deviations from linearity. The effect of electrostatic interactions as controlled by the value of the dielectric constant, epsilon, on the conformation and energy of a reversal is also shown to be important. At epsilon = 1.0 (vacuum) the conformations of the reversals with large and small angle 'kinks' have similar energies. However, at epsilon = 2.0 (non-polar organic solvent) and epsilon = 3.5 (bulk state) the reversals corresponding to the large angle kinks have lower energies. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Macromol Cpds, St Petersburg 199004, Russia. Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Neelov, IM (reprint author), Univ Leeds, IRC Polymer Sci & Technol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RI Neelov, Igor/M-5338-2014 OI Neelov, Igor/0000-0002-5930-9892 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1527 EP 1532 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00585-7 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 503WJ UT WOS:000172824400057 ER PT J AU Hess, DB Muller, SJ AF Hess, DB Muller, SJ TI Secondary effects of antioxidant on PS/PVME blends SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polymer blends; antioxidant; degradation ID BINARY POLYMER BLEND; PHASE-SEPARATION; POLYVINYL METHYL-ETHER); POLYSTYRENE; MIXTURES; KINETICS; DYNAMICS; RHEOLOGY AB Interactions between the antioxidant Santonox (4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol)) and the LCST polymer blend of polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylmethylether (PVME) were examined. The presence of the antioxidant caused inhomogeneities in blend films cast from toluene solutions at antioxidant compositions greater than 0.25 wt% of the PVME. Also, the cloud-point of the blend decreased linearly with antioxidant content with a slope of 21 degreesC/wt%. As expected, the ability of the antioxidant to prevent degradation of the PVME within the blend was found to increase with increasing Santonox composition. Based on these results, an antioxidant composition of no more than 0.10 wt% is recommended in the studies of PS/PVME blends. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muller, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB PY 2002 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1567 EP 1570 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00704-2 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 503WJ UT WOS:000172824400065 ER PT J AU Liu, YS Gotte, G Libonati, M Eisenberg, D AF Liu, YS Gotte, G Libonati, M Eisenberg, D TI Structures of the two 3D domain-swapped RNase A trimers SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 3D domain swapping; bovine pancreatic ribonuclease; protein oligomerization; enzyme activity on double stranded RNA; cross-linking ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; RIBONUCLEASE-A; SEMINAL RIBONUCLEASE; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEINS; CONFORMATIONS; COMPLEX; BINDING; SEARCH AB When concentrated in mildly acidic solutions, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) forms long-lived oligomers including two types of dimer, two types of trimer, and higher oligomers. In previous crystallographic work, we found that the major dimeric component forms by a swapping of the C-terminal beta-strands between the monomers, and that the minor dimeric component forms by swapping the N-terminal alpha-helices of the monomers. On the basis of these structures, we proposed that a linear RNase A trimer can form from a central molecule that simultaneously swaps its N-terminal helix with a second RNase A molecule and its C-terminal strand with a third molecule. Studies by dissociation are consistent with this model for the major trimeric component: the major trimer dissociates into both the major and the minor dimers, as well as monomers. In contrast, the minor trimer component dissociates into the monomer and the major dimer. This suggests that the minor trimer is cyclic, formed from three monomers that swap their C-terminal beta-strands into identical molecules. These conclusions are supported by cross-linking of lysyl residues, showing that the major trimer swaps its N-terminal helix, and the minor trimer does not. We verified by X-ray crystallography the proposed cyclic structure for the minor trimer, with swapping of the C-terminal beta-strands. This study thus expands the variety of domain-swapped oligomers by revealing the first example of a protein that can form both a linear and a cyclic domain-swapped oligomer. These structures permit interpretation of the enzymatic activities of the RNase A oligomers on double-stranded RNA. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE,Dept Chem & Biochem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE,Dept Biol Chem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Verona, Dept Neurol Sci, Biol Chem Sect, I-37100 Verona, Italy. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE,Dept Chem & Biochem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, 201 Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Gotte, Giovanni/0000-0003-3179-7158 NR 37 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1110/ps.36602 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 512ZD UT WOS:000173352700020 PM 11790847 ER PT J AU Sanbonmatsu, KY Garcia, AE AF Sanbonmatsu, KY Garcia, AE TI Structure of Met-enkephalin in explicit aqueous solution using replica exchange molecular dynamics SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE molecular dynamics; opioid; energy landscape; kinetic trapping; protein folding; parallel computing ID MULTIPLE-MINIMA PROBLEM; WATER PENETRATION; PROTEINS; CONFORMATION; RECOGNITION; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHM; RECEPTOR; KINETICS; ESCAPE AB Replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Met-enkephalin in explicit solvent reveal helical and nonhelical structures. Four predominant structures of Met-enkephalin are sampled with comparable probabilities (two helical and two nonhelical). The energy barriers between these configurations are low, suggesting that Met-enkephalin switches easily between configurations. This is consistent with the requirement that Met-enkephalin be sufficiently flexible to bind to several different receptors. Replica exchange simulations of 32 ns are shown to sample approximately five times more configurational space than constant temperature MD simulations of the same duration. The energy landscape for the replica exchange simulation is presented. A detailed study of replica trajectories demonstrates that the significant increases in temperature provided by the replica exchange technique enable transitions from nonhelical to helical structures that would otherwise be prevented by kinetic trapping. Proteins 2002;46:225-234. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanbonmatsu, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 204 Z9 205 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 225 EP 234 DI 10.1002/prot.1167 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 508KW UT WOS:000173088500010 PM 11807951 ER PT J AU Walter, WR Hartse, HE AF Walter, WR Hartse, HE TI Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty - Introduction SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Almos Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Walter, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 159 IS 4 SI SI BP 621 EP 622 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8651-9 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 534WV UT WOS:000174613500002 ER PT J AU Taylor, SR Velasco, AA Hartse, HE Phillips, WS Walter, WR Rodgers, AJ AF Taylor, SR Velasco, AA Hartse, HE Phillips, WS Walter, WR Rodgers, AJ TI Amplitude corrections for regional seismic discriminants SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE seismic; discrimination; amplitude; magnitude ID UNITED-STATES EARTHQUAKES; STRONG GROUND MOTION; CENTRAL-ASIA; TECTONIC STRESS; WESTERN CHINA; CODA-Q; PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; EXCITATION; SPECTRA AB A fundamental problem associated with event identification lies in deriving corrections that remove path and earthquake source effects on regional phase amplitudes used to construct discriminants. Our goal is to derive a set of physically based corrections that are independent of magnitude and distance, and amenable to multivariate discrimination by extending the technique described in TAYLOR and HARTSE (1998). For a given station and source region, a number of well-recorded earthquakes is used to estimate source and path corrections. The source model assumes a simple BRUNE (1970) earthquake source that has been extended to handle non-constant stress drop. The discrimination power in using corrected amplitudes lies in the assumption that the earthquake model will provide a poor fit to the signals from an explosion. The propagation model consists of a frequency-independent geometrical spreading and frequency-dependent power law Q. A grid search is performed simultaneously at each station for all recorded regional phases over stress-drop, geometrical spreading, and frequency-dependent Q to find a suite of good-fitting models that remove the dependence on m(b) and distance. Seismic moments can either be set to pre-determined values or estimated through inversion and are tied to mb through two additional coefficients. We also solve for frequency-dependent site/phase excitation terms. Once a set of corrections is derived, effects of source scaling and distance as a function of frequency are applied to amplitudes from new events prior to forming discrimination ratios. Thus, all the corrections are tied to just m(b) (or M-0) and distance and can be applied very rapidly in an operational setting. Moreover, phase amplitude residuals as a function of frequency can be spatially interpolated (e.g., using kriging) and used to construct a correction surface for each phase and frequency. The spatial corrections from the correction surfaces can then be applied to the corrected amplitudes based only on them event location. The correction parameters and correction surfaces can be developed offline and entered into an online database for pipeline processing providing multivariate-normal corrected amplitudes for event identification. Examples are shown using events from western China recorded at the station MAKZ. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Taylor, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 36 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 159 IS 4 SI SI BP 623 EP 650 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8652-8 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 534WV UT WOS:000174613500003 ER PT J AU Rodgers, AJ Walter, WR AF Rodgers, AJ Walter, WR TI Seismic discrimination of the may 11, 1998 Indian nuclear test with short-period regional data from station NIL (Nilore, Pakistan) SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE regional discrimination; path effects ID UNITED-STATES EARTHQUAKES; NTS EXPLOSIONS; WESTERN CHINA; CENTRAL-ASIA; PROPAGATION; WAVES; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTRA; STRESS; PHASE AB Regional seismic discriminants for the May 11, 1998 Indian underground nuclear test(s) and earthquakes recorded at station NIL (Nilore, Pakistan) provide new data to test strategies that can be used to monitor the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Three categories of regional discriminants (ratios of P- and/or S-wave energy) were measured on short-period (0.5-6 Hz) seismograms: PIS amplitude ratios (phase ratios) measured in the same frequency band, P- and S-wave spectral ratios (i.e., low frequency to high frequency for the same phase) and PIS cross-spectral ratios (i.e., low frequency S-wave to high frequency P-wave). The P/S amplitude ratios show good separation of the Indian nuclear test and regional earthquakes for Pn/Lg and Pn/Sn, however Pg/Lg does not discriminate as well. Pn/Lg and Pn/Sn discriminate well at frequencies as low as 0.5-2 Hz,, especially after accounting: for path effects. This observation differs from previous studies that report poor separation of earthquakes and explosions at lower frequencies. The PIS amplitude ratios do not show any magnitude dependence, suggesting that forming the ratios in a fixed frequency band cancels the effects of source size-corner frequency scaling. Spatial variability of the observed discriminants arises from variations in crustal waveguide and/or attenuation structure (path propagation effects). Grouping amplitude ratios for earthquakes with paths similar to the Indian test greatly improves discrimination. Removing distance trends does not generally improve discrimination. Accounting for path effects with Bayesian kriging significantly improves discrimination. Spectral ratios (e.g., Pn [0.5-1 Hz]/Pn [4-6 Hz]) and cross-spectral ratios (e.g., Lg [1-2 Hz]/Pn [4-6 Hz]) show distance and magnitude dependence. We developed a technique for simultaneously removing the effects of distance and source size-corner frequency scaling on amplitude and spectral ratios. The technique uses a gridsearch to find several parameters that characterize the observed distance and magnitude dependence. Discrimination of the Indian test improved dramatically after the distance and magnitude trends were removed from the spectral and cross-spectral ratio data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rodgers, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, L-205,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 159 IS 4 SI SI BP 679 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8654-6 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 534WV UT WOS:000174613500005 ER PT J AU Bowers, D Walter, WR AF Bowers, D Walter, WR TI Discriminating between large mine collapses and explosions using teleseismic P waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE seismology; Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty; discrimination; mine; collapse; P waves; modelling ID RELATIVE AMPLITUDES; MOMENT TENSOR; EARTHQUAKE; SPALL; SEISMOGRAMS; INVERSION; ENERGY AB Some of the most suspicious seismic disturbances under the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) are likely to be those associated with mining; as they are shallow, and at least some have an explosion-like m(b):M-s signature. Previous research highlighted the potential of broadband teleseismic P waves as a way of identifying large mine tremors. Broadband teleseismic P from two suspected large mine collapses, one in Germany (1302 UT, 13 March 1989, 5.4 m(b)) and another in Wyoming (1526 UT, 3 February 1995, 5.3 m(b)), show differences in character despite the: similarity of the reported ground failure and mine types. We apply a full moment-tensor analysis to the teleseismic P waves and show that the data are inconsistent with either a shallow explosion or an earthquake (double-couple) at depth, but this method is unable to distinguish between a shallow dip-slip source and a closing-crack moment tensor. However, three-component surface-wave seismograms recorded at regional distances fit the shallow closing-crack model, but are inconsistent with a shallow earthquake source, because strong Love waves, expected from a double-couple source, are not observed at a number of stations well distributed in azimuth. Here, we restate the equivalence for shallow sources of the closing-crack model and a gravitational collapse model. We use the latter to model the broadband P waves from these mine tremors and show that, while non-unique, the differences in the observed broadband P waves from the two tremors can be attributed to the area, amount of collapse, depth, and rate of collapse. The collapse model predicts negative first-motion for all P waves in contrast to the positive polarity expected from explosions. Thus, the broadband teleseismic P waves have the potential to discriminate between large collapses and explosions. C1 AWE Blacknest, Reading RG7 4RS, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bowers, D (reprint author), AWE Blacknest, Reading RG7 4RS, Berks, England. RI Walter, William/C-2351-2013 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616 NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 159 IS 4 SI SI BP 803 EP 830 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8660-8 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 534WV UT WOS:000174613500011 ER PT J AU Hedlin, MAH Stump, BW Pearson, DC Yang, XN AF Hedlin, MAH Stump, BW Pearson, DC Yang, XN TI Identification of mining blasts at mid- to far-regional distances using low frequency seismic signals SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spectral modulations; attenuation; surface waves; remote source characterization ID QUARRY BLASTS; EXPLOSIONS; DISCRIMINATION; EARTHQUAKES; LOCATION; SPECTRA AB This paper reports results from two recent monitoring experiments in Wyoming. Broadband seismic recordings of kiloton class delay-fired cast blasts and instantaneous calibration shots in the Black Thunder coal mine were made at four azimuths at ranges from 1degrees to 2degrees. The primary focus of this experiment was to observe and to explain low-frequency signals that can be seen at all azimuths and should routinely propagate above noise to mid-regional distances where most events will be recorded by International Monitoring System (IMS) stations. The recordings clearly demonstrate that large millisecond delay-fired cast blasts routinely produce seismic signals that have significant spectral modulations below 10 Hz. These modulations are independent of time, the azimuth from the source and the orientation of the sensor. Low-frequency modulations below 5 Hz are seen beyond 9degrees. The modulations are not due to resonance as they are not produced by the calibration shots. Linear elastic modeling of the blasts that is guided by mine-blast reports fails to reproduce the fine detail. of these modulations but clearly indicates that the enhanced "spectral roughness" is due to long interrow delays and source finiteness. The mismatch between the data and the synthetics is likely due to source processes, such as nonlinear interactions between shots, that are poorly understood and to other effects, such as variations of shot time and yield from planned values, that are known to be omnipresent but cannot be described accurately. A variant of the Automated Time-Frequency Discriminant (HEDLIN, 1998b), which uses low-frequency spectral modulations, effectively separates these events from the calibration shots. The experiment also provided evidence that kiloton class cast blasts consistently yield energetic 2-10 second surface waves. The surface waves are strongly dependent on azimuth but are seen beyond 9degrees. Physical modeling of these events indicates that the surface waves are due mainly to the extended source duration and to a lesser extent to the slap-down of spalled material. The directionality is largely a path effect. A discriminant that is based on the partitioning of energy between surface and body waves routinely separates these events from the calibration shots. The Powder River Basin has essentially no natural seismic activity. How these mining events compare to earthquake observations remains to be determined. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hedlin, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 159 IS 4 SI SI BP 831 EP 863 DI 10.1007/s00024-002-8661-7 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 534WV UT WOS:000174613500012 ER PT J AU Benson, L Kashgarian, M Rye, R Lund, S Paillet, F Smoot, J Kester, C Mensing, S Meko, D Lindstrom, S AF Benson, L Kashgarian, M Rye, R Lund, S Paillet, F Smoot, J Kester, C Mensing, S Meko, D Lindstrom, S TI Holocene multidecadal and multicentennial droughts affecting Northern California and Nevada SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CARBONATE DEPOSITS TUFAS; PYRAMID LAKE SUBBASIN; SURFACE-WATER SYSTEM; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; STABLE ISOTOPES; SIERRA-NEVADA; GREAT-BASIN; MONO LAKE; HYDROGEN AB Continuous, high-resolution delta(18)O records from cored sediments of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, indicate that oscillations in the hydrologic balance occurred, on average, about every 150 years (yr) during the past 7630 calendar years (cal yr). The records are not stationary; during the past 2740 yr, drought durations ranged from 20 to 100 yr and intervals between droughts ranged from 80 to 230 yr. Comparison of tree-ring-based reconstructions of climate change for the past 1200 yr from the Sierra Nevada and the El Malpais region of northwest New Mexico indicates that severe droughts associated with Anasazi withdrawal from Chaco Canyon at 820 cal yr BP (calendar years before present) and final abandonment of Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, and the Kayenta area at 650 cal yr BP may have impacted much of the western United States. During the middle Holocene (informally defined in this paper as extending from 8000 to 3000 cal yr BP), magnetic susceptibility values of sediments deposited in Pyramid Lake's deep basin were much larger than late-Holocene (3000-0 cal yr BP) values, indicating the presence of a shallow take. In addition, the mean delta(18)O value of CaCO3 precipitated between 6500 and 3430 cal yr BP was 1.6parts per thousand less than the mean value of CaCO3 precipitated after 2740 cal yr BP. Numerical calculations indicate that the shift in the delta(18)O baseline probably resulted from a transition to a wetter ( > 30%) and cooler (3-5degreesC) climate. The existence of a relatively dry and warm middle-Holocene climate in the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake system is generally consistent with archeological, sedimentological, chemical, physical, and biological records from various sites within the Great Basin of the western United States. Two high-resolution Holocene-climate records are now available from the Pyramid and Owens lake basins which suggest that the Holocene was characterized by five climatic intervals. TIC and 6180 records from Owens Lake indicate that the first interval in the early Holocene (11,600 10,000 cal yr BP) was characterized by a drying trend that was interrupted by a brief (200 yr) wet oscillation centered at 10,300 cal yr BP. This was followed by a second early-Holocene interval (10,000-8000 cal yr BP) during which relatively wet conditions prevailed. During the early part of the middle Holocene (8000-6500 cal yr BP), high-amplitude oscillations in TIC in Owens Lake and delta(18)O in Pyramid Lake indicate the presence of shallow lakes in bomb basins. During the latter part of the middle Holocene (6500 3800 cal yr BP), drought conditions dominated, Owens Lake desiccated, and Lake Tahoe ceased spilling to the Truckee River, causing Pyramid Lake to decline. At the beginning of the late Holocene (similar to 3000 cal yr BP), Lake Tahoe rose to its sill level and Pyramid Lake increased in volume. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Benson, L (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 3215 Marine St, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 60 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4-6 BP 659 EP 682 AR PII S0277-3791(01)00048-8 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00048-8 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 527XM UT WOS:000174213300010 ER PT J AU Boone, JM Seibert, JA Tang, CM Lane, SM AF Boone, JM Seibert, JA Tang, CM Lane, SM TI Grid and slot scan scatter reduction in mammography: Comparison by using Monte Carlo techniques SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast radiography, technology; physics; radiations ID DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION AB PURPOSE: To evaluate a comprehensive array of scatter cleanup techniques in mammography by using a consistent methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monte Carlo techniques were used to evaluate the Bucky factor (BF) and the contrast improvement factor (CIF) for linear and cellular grids and for slot scan and scanning multiple-slot assembly (SMSA) systems. RESULTS: For a 28-kVp molybdenum anode-molybdenum filter spectrum with a standard detector and a 6-cm-thick 50% adipose-50% glandular breast phantom, slot scan techniques delivered an ideal BF. For slot widths greater than 4 mm, however, the CIF was lower than that achieved by the high-transmission cellular grid with a grid ratio of 3.8:1. A tungsten-septa air-interspaced cellular grid with a 4:1 grid ratio outperformed the high-transmission cellular grid in both BF and CIF. The SMSA was shown to be efficacious when 4-mm-wide slots were separated by at least 20 mm. In comparison with the literature, 3.6% agreement was achieved with other Monte Carlo studies, 3.3% with an experimental study that used a digital detector, and 13%-29% agreement was demonstrated in comparison to film-based experimental studies. CONCLUSION: With use of consistent methods for comparison, cellular grids were shown to substantially outperform linear grids but have slightly higher BFs compared with that of slot scan geometries at the same CIF. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Creatv Microtech Inc, Potomac, MD USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Boone, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 4701 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA 82077, R43-CA76752] NR 21 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD FEB PY 2002 VL 222 IS 2 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1148/radiol.2222010491 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 515NQ UT WOS:000173502500032 PM 11818623 ER PT J AU Al-Abbadi, NM Alawaji, SH Bin Mahfoodh, MY Myers, DR Wilcox, S Anderberg, M AF Al-Abbadi, NM Alawaji, SH Bin Mahfoodh, MY Myers, DR Wilcox, S Anderberg, M TI Saudi Arabian solar radiation network operation data collection and quality assessment SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article AB From 1993 to the present (2000), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducted a joint solar radiation resource assessment project to upgrade the solar resource assessment capability of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. KACST has deployed a high quality 12-station network in Saudi Arabia for monitoring solar total horizontal, direct beam, and diffuse radiation. One- and 5-min network data are collected and assessed for quality. 80% or more of the network data fall within quality limits of +/-5% for correct partitioning between the three radiation components. We describe the network, quality assessment procedures, data formats and availability. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. King Abdulaziz City Sci & Technol, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD FEB PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0960-1481(01)00055-6 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 479QY UT WOS:000171416100004 ER PT J AU Gopalsami, N Raptis, AC Meier, J AF Gopalsami, N Raptis, AC Meier, J TI Millimeter-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB Laser-based cavity ringdown techniques have demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivities for trace gas detection in the optical and infrared wavelength regions. We have investigated the applicability of the cavity ringdown technique in the millimeter wave region, which is rich in the rotational spectra of molecules. The millimeter-wave system uses a tunable Fabry-Perot cavity that is excited by a continuous-wave, phase-locked source at the W band; a fast PIN diode switch that turns off the excitation after the cavity is tuned to resonance; and a diode detector that records the resonance decay. Proof of concept has been established by measuring the ringdown times with absorbing materials in the cavity and comparing them with theoretical prediction. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1063/1.1435846 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 521QW UT WOS:000173853700003 ER PT J AU Jennings, G Jager, WJH Chen, LX AF Jennings, G Jager, WJH Chen, LX TI Application of a multi-element Ge detector in laser pump/x-ray probe time-domain x-ray absorption fine structure SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; ARRAY; EXAFS AB The characterization and application of a multi-element Ge solid state detector in time-domain laser pump, x-ray probe (LPXP) x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using a third-generation synchrotron source (Advanced Photon Source or APS) are described. In particular, the following problems are discussed: (1) proper handling of high numbers of x-ray photons within a single pulse or pulse cluster, (2) optimizing the incident number of photons, (3) synchronization of the laser pulse, the x-ray pulse and the detector readout, and (4) shaping time and timing requirements of the detector. Based on the study, we estimate the detector efficiency for LPXP-XAFS experiments and identify the problems and possible solutions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jennings, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1063/1.1433947 PN 1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 521QW UT WOS:000173853700020 ER PT J AU Veloso, JFCA Maia, JM Morgado, RE dos Santos, JMF Conde, CAN AF Veloso, JFCA Maia, JM Morgado, RE dos Santos, JMF Conde, CAN TI The microhole and strip plate gas detector: Initial results SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON AB We report the initial performance of an argon gas proportional counter consisting of a microstructure: the microhole and strip plate (MHSP). The MHSP combines desirable features of both a gas electron multiplier (GEM) and a microstrip plate (MSP) into a single integrated microstructure. Like the GEM, the MHSP is fabricated with flexible printed-circuit technology. As implemented, the MHSP provides two charge-amplification stages: slotted holes that function as a GEM, and microstrip anodes that also function as the charge-collection electrode. With two stages of amplification the microstrip can be operated with bias voltages well below the breakdown threshold. Results for the operation of the MHSP in argon are presented. A charge amplification factor of seven was achieved in the microholes with a maximum electron transmission approaching 100%. The measured energy resolution for 5.9 keV x rays was 30%. Future plans include the incorporation of a photocathode into the MHSP for applications as an ultraviolet photosensor. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Beira Interior, Dept Fis, P-6201001 Covilha, Portugal. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Veloso, JFCA (reprint author), Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. RI veloso, joao/J-4478-2013; dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015; Maia, Jorge/K-1344-2015; OI dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523; Maia, Jorge/0000-0002-9314-1763; Conde, Carlos/0000-0002-1387-2161; Veloso, Joao/0000-0002-7107-7203 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 488 EP 490 DI 10.1063/1.1431438 PN 1 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 521QW UT WOS:000173853700043 ER PT J AU Lyneis, C AF Lyneis, C TI Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ion Sources - 3-7 September 2001 - Oakland, California - Abstracts SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lyneis, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 508 EP + DI 10.1063/1.1432452 PN 2 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000003 ER PT J AU Wutte, D Abbott, S Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM AF Wutte, D Abbott, S Leitner, MA Lyneis, CM TI High intensity metal ion beam production with ECR ion sources at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID CYCLOTRON; ATOM AB The large number of different experiments performed at the 88 Inch Cyclotron requires great variety and flexibility in the production of ion beams. This flexibility is provided by the two high performance electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, the LBL ECR and the AECR-U, which can produce beams of ions as light as hydrogen and as heavy as uranium. With these two sources, up to six different metals can be preloaded using two types of ovens. The ovens are mounted radially on the ion sources and inject the metal vapor though the open sextupole structure into the plasma chamber. For the superconducting ECR ion source VENUS, which is under construction at Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, the use of radial ovens is no longer possible, because the magnetic structure is closed radially. Therefore, we are developing two new axial oven types for low and high temperature applications. Metal ion beam production in ECR ion sources using the oven technique is discussed. The design of the axial oven is presented. Finally, the efficiency of the axial oven is compared with the radial oven for the production of Ca. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wutte, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS-88, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1063/1.1425781 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000007 ER PT J AU Koivisto, H Heikkinen, P Liukkonen, E Arje, J Vondrasek, R AF Koivisto, H Heikkinen, P Liukkonen, E Arje, J Vondrasek, R TI Low cost upgrade of 6.4 GHz ECRIS and recent results with 14 GHz ECRIS at JYFL SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID CYCLOTRON AB The old JYFL 6.4 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) at the University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics (JYFL), is in the process of being upgraded. The calculations have shown that the magnetic field configuration of the SC-ECRIS at the NSCL/MSU can be closely achieved using present coils, power supplies, plasma chamber, and permanent magnets. The hexapole magnetic field will be upgraded later using an iron cylinder around the plasma chamber. Calculations have shown that the improvement of around 30% can be obtained to the strength of the hexapole field. A new AECR-U-type ion source was completed in spring 2000 for the program of the nuclear physics in the laboratory. The MIVOC method and the internal oven for the production of several metal ion beams with the new source have been tested. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koivisto, H (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 534 EP 536 DI 10.1063/1.1429304 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000011 ER PT J AU Vondrasek, RC Scott, RH Pardo, RC Edgell, D AF Vondrasek, RC Scott, RH Pardo, RC Edgell, D TI Techniques for the measurement of ionization times in ECR ion sources using a fast sputter sample and fast gas valve SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID RESONANCE AB Two techniques for the discrete injection of material into an Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (ECRIS) have been developed for the purpose of measuring the ionization and confinement times of ion species. Previously only solid materials in conjunction with a pulsed laser were used in these studies due to the discrete material introduction produced by this configuration. The first method replaces the pulsed laser with a fast high voltage pulse applied to a sputter sample. The high voltage pulse has a rise time of 100 ns, fall time of 80.0 mus, and variable pulse duration. The second method utilizes a fast-pulsed gas valve capable of producing a gas pulse 160 mus in width. These pulse widths are well below the ionization times of the lower charge states and thus allows for time measurements to be made of all charge states. Both of these techniques can be employed to study the effects of rf power, coil configuration, biased disk, and gas mixing on ionization and confinement times. Rise times for neon, argon, and gold will be presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vondrasek, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1063/1.1430273 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000015 ER PT J AU Moehs, DP Vondrasek, R Scott, RH Pardo, RC Montgomery, JM AF Moehs, DP Vondrasek, R Scott, RH Pardo, RC Montgomery, JM TI Completion of the ALAS ECR-I ion source upgrade project SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID EXPERIENCE; ATLAS AB A new 10 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) has been constructed and commissioned for the ATLAS accelerator. This new source replaces the original ATLAS ECRIS that has been in operations since 1987. The goal of this upgrade project was to significantly improve the source performance while maintaining maximum operational flexibility for solid material feeds. The new source design includes a large magnetic-field gradient, aluminum plasma chamber, and bias disk following modern ECRIS design concepts. Eight solenoid coils from the original source along with a new iron yoke form the magnetic mirror. Hall Probe measurements showed the axial B field to be within 1% of the POISSON design model calculated at 400 A per coil. The injection and extraction mirror ratios are approximately 4.4 and 2.9, respectively, with a minimum field of 3.0 kG. A new aluminum plasma chamber houses the NdFeB hexapole magnets, which are encased in austenitic stainless steel to allow for direct water cooling. An open hexapole configuration provides six radial access ports, 1.7 cmx4.1 cm, to the plasma chamber for solid material feeds and vacuum pumping at an estimated rate of 20 Us per radial port. Measurements of the hexapole field near the plasma chamber wall, 4 cm in radius, were within 13% of the designed B field of 9.3 and 5.7 kG along the poles and pole gaps, respectively. The first plasma in the new source was obtained on October 10, 2000. Already it has exceeded the best O-16(6+) beam current obtained from the original ECR-I by a factor of roughly 2.3, achieving 140 e muA with a biased disk. The source is back in regular operation and ATLAS experiment tuns have been performed with He, O, Ar, Kr, Ni, and Zr. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moehs, DP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Beams Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 576 EP 579 DI 10.1063/1.1430510 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000024 ER PT J AU Zaim, H Alton, GD AF Zaim, H Alton, GD TI Computational design studies for an ion extraction system for a "volume-type" ECR ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Numerical studies have been performed for optimally extracting high-intensity, space-charged-limited multicharged ion beams from an all-permanent-magnet, "volume-type" electron cyclotron resonance ion source, equipped with a three-electrode extraction system. These studies clearly demonstrate the importance of being able to adjust the extraction gap in order to ensure high quality, minimum divergence (highly transportable) ion beams. Optimum extraction conditions are reached whenever the plasma meniscus has an optimum curvature for a given current density. Optimum perveance (optimum current) values are found to closely agree with those derived from elementary analytical theory for extraction of space-charge-dominated beams. Details of the electrode system design as well as angular divergence and root-mean-square (rms) emittance versus extraction parameter data (e.g., perveance and extraction gap) are provided for ion beams of varying charge-state and mass, extracted under the influence of a mirror-geometry plasma confinement magnetic field. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zaim, H (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, Versailles, France. RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 595 EP 597 DI 10.1063/1.1430511 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000030 ER PT J AU Bogatu, IN Edgell, DH Kim, JS Pardo, RC Vondrasek, R AF Bogatu, IN Edgell, DH Kim, JS Pardo, RC Vondrasek, R TI Argon ionization cross sections for charge state distribution modeling in electron cyclotron resonance ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID IMPACT DOUBLE IONIZATION; MULTIPLE-IONIZATION; NEUTRAL ATOMS; GAS IONS; AR+ AB An updated and more accurate database for single- and double-ionization cross sections for almost all argon ions has been developed for the modeling of the charge state distribution (CSD) within an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. When the highly non-Maxwellian anisotropic electron-distribution function, is modeled by a Fokker-Planck code, one has to use the ionization cross sections instead of the Maxwellian rate coefficients. Most of the fitting coefficients used within the well-established semi-empirical formulas for direct ionization and double ionization have been recalculated using more accurate crossed-beam experimental data available. The shift of the CSD to higher-charge states due to the contribution of excitation autoionization and double ionization is presented by comparing the GEM code modeling using the Lotz formula and the cross sections with updated fitting coefficients. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bogatu, IN (reprint author), FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 638 EP 640 DI 10.1063/1.1427030 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000044 ER PT J AU Edgell, DH Kim, JS Bogatu, IN Pardo, RC Vondrasek, RC AF Edgell, DH Kim, JS Bogatu, IN Pardo, RC Vondrasek, RC TI Electron cyclotron resonance ion source one-dimensional fluid modeling SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID CONFINEMENT AB A one-dimensional (1D) fluid computer model for multiple ion species in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) plasma has been developed. The ions species are assumed to be highly collisionally coupled and are treated using 1D fluid equations. The non-Maxwellian anisotropic electron distribution function is modeled by a 1D bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code. ECR heating is included in the model as a quasilinear rf-diffusion term including relativistic detuning, rf pitch-angle scattering, and multiple resonance frequencies/locations. In a typical ECRIS, the electrons are very noncollisional and confined magnetically. The ions follow this electron confinement via the electrostatic potential. The ID axial electrostatic potential profile predicted by the model shows an ion confining core electrostatic well as expected in ECRIS plasmas. Modeling results for the Argonne National Laboratory ECR-I ECRIS configuration are presented along with a discussion of the difficulties in benchmarking the model with Faraday cup measurements. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Edgell, DH (reprint author), FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. OI Pardo, Richard/0000-0002-8264-9430 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.1063/1.1427031 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000045 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Persaud, A Kraemer, A McDonald, JW Holder, JP Hamza, AV Schneider, DH AF Schenkel, T Persaud, A Kraemer, A McDonald, JW Holder, JP Hamza, AV Schneider, DH TI Extraction of highly charged ions from the electron beam ion trap at LBNL for applications in surface analysis and materials science SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID MICROSCOPE; EMISSION AB We describe results from highly charged ion extraction experiments at the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) facility which is now operated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory after transfer from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Requirements on ion source performance for the application of highly charged ions (e.g., Xe44+) in surface analysis and materials science are discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 663 EP 666 DI 10.1063/1.1429775 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000052 ER PT J AU Pikin, A Alessi, J Beebe, E Kponou, A Prelec, K AF Pikin, A Alessi, J Beebe, E Kponou, A Prelec, K TI Experimental study of ion injection into an extended trap of the Brookhaven National Laboratory EBIS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID TEST STAND AB Experiments on the Brookhaven National Laboratory EBIS electron beam test stand (EBTS) with the ion trap extending beyond the edges of the superconducting solenoid had the main goal to study ion trap operation with a trap length exceeding that of the normal EBTS trap. Preliminary results indicate that the ion trap with a length of 107 em is stable and controllable in the same fashion as our normal 70 cm trap with a multiampere electron beam. EBTS operation with ion trap 145 cm long and with electron current up to 3 A in earlier experiments also was stable and yielded more ions than from the basic "short" trap. These results increased our confidence in operation of the proposed RHIC in a stable mode and in the correctness of linear scaling of ion intensity with the length of the ion trap. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pikin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 670 EP 672 DI 10.1063/1.1427033 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000054 ER PT J AU Donets, ED Donets, DE Donets, EE Salnikov, VV Shutov, VB Tumanova, YA Vadeev, VP Bjorkhage, M Lundquist, A Liljeby, L Rensfelt, KG Beebe, E Alessi, J Pikin, AI AF Donets, ED Donets, DE Donets, EE Salnikov, VV Shutov, VB Tumanova, YA Vadeev, VP Bjorkhage, M Lundquist, A Liljeby, L Rensfelt, KG Beebe, E Alessi, J Pikin, AI TI Status report on studies of EBIS in the string mode of operation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID ELECTRON AB A short description of an EBIS apparatus in the reflex mode of operation, resulting in electron string formation, and recent experimental results are presented. The focus is on experimental studies of electron energy distribution in strings, for which a long tail to high energy was observed and about 30% half width was confirmed by means of spectrometry using the radiative recombination of Ar17+. We have obtained considerable information about the dependency of the number of string electrons versus solenoid magnetic field strength using different EBIS sources and found that it has about 3 in power of B in the region 0-3.5 T. Preparations for the first experiments on the BNL EBIS Test Stand in the reflex mode of operation and for the first test of the JINR Krion-2 source in the string mode at the Nuclotron injector on acceleration of Ar16+ are also described briefly. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Stockholm Univ, Manne Siegbahn Lab, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Donets, ED (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 679 EP 681 DI 10.1063/1.1430039 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000057 ER PT J AU Beebe, EN Alessi, JG Gould, O Graham, D Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Ritter, J AF Beebe, EN Alessi, JG Gould, O Graham, D Kponou, A Pikin, A Prelec, K Ritter, J TI Extraction of highly charged Au ions from a multiampere electron beam EBIS at BNL SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Excellent progress has been made in the operation of the Brookhaven National Laboratory electron beam ion source (EBIS), which is a prototype for an EBIS that could meet requirements for a RHIC preinjector. We have achieved very stable operation of the electron beam at 10 A through the EBIS trap. Ion injection of low charge gold ions from a low energy vacuum ion source [Brown et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 1260 (1994)] and subsequent extraction of these ions with most probable charge state Au34+ has been demonstrated with electron beams up to 8 A. The total ion charge for gold measured on current transformer at the EBIS exit was 55 nC after a 30 ms confinement period. This corresponds to similar to85% of the theoretical ion trap capacity and exceeds our goal of 50% neutralization. The collected ion charge is proportional to the electron current and the gold charge state scales with the electron current density. Details of the EBIS configuration, total charge measurements, and time-of-flight spectra are given. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beebe, EN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 699 EP 701 DI 10.1063/1.1429777 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000063 ER PT J AU Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Oks, EM Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Yushkov, GY AF Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kulevoy, TV Oks, EM Pershin, VI Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Yushkov, GY TI Further development of the E-MEVVA ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID VACUUM-ARC PLASMAS AB We report detailed investigations of the electron-beam metal vapor vacuum-arc (E-MEVVA) ion source, which were performed jointly among the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia, the High Current Electronics Institute, Tomsk, Russia, and Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA. The experiments were performed in Moscow and Tomsk with nearly the same design of ion sources. Recently, the first successful ion charge states enhancement for this kind of ion source was demonstrated. This article presents comparisons of electron-beam effects and examines their influence on E-MEVVA performance. Substantial enhancement of high ion charge states enhancement was observed clearly in both experimental setups with two different methods of measuring the ion charge state distributions. These results can be considered as a proof of the E-MEVVA principle. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Batalin, VA (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RI Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 702 EP 705 DI 10.1063/1.1431702 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000064 ER PT J AU Dudnikov, V Dudnikova, G AF Dudnikov, V Dudnikova, G TI Small anode source for efficient ion production SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID IMPLANTATION AB Ion source modification is proposed for efficient production of ion beam and extending of operating lifetime. Ionization efficiency of the Beinas type ion source has been improved by using a small anode-thin rod, oriented along the magnetic field. The transverse electric field of small anode transport plasma by drift in crossed field to the emission slit. Optimization of the cathode material recycling is used to increase the operating lifetime. Optimization of the wall potential is used for suppression of flakes formation. A three-electrode extraction system was optimized for low energy beam production and efficient space charge neutralization. An ion beam with emission current density up to 60 mA/cm(2) has been extracted from discharge in BF3 gas. Ion beams of B-11 isotope with intensity up to 6 mA for 3 keV, up to 11 mA for 5 keV, 18 mA for 15 keV have been transported through the analyzer magnet. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Technol Grp Inc, Nesconset, NY USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 726 EP 728 DI 10.1063/1.1430042 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000071 ER PT J AU Dudnikov, V Westner, A AF Dudnikov, V Westner, A TI Ion source with closed drift anode layer plasma acceleration SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Several versions of ion sources with closed drift anode layer plasma acceleration (ALPA sources) were built and tested. Robust, "all iron" design and water cooling permeate an unlimited operation with oxygen and with other high reactive gases. Long time operation of discharges in oxygen, nitrogen, argon, water vapor, propane, acetone, ethyl alcohol vapors, and in different gas cocktails has been tested. Beam parameters, generated in discharges with a voltage of V-d=0.3 to 3 kV will be presented. A simple design, only one simple power supply, and the operation without special electron source are advantages of discussed ALPA sources very suitable for many applications. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. DSC, Glouster, MA USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1063/1.1431703 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000072 ER PT J AU Anders, A Hollinger, R AF Anders, A Hollinger, R TI Reducing ion-beam noise of vacuum arc ion sources SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID FUSION AB Vacuum arc ion sources are known for delivering high currents of metal ion beams. By Langmuir probe and Faraday cup measurements it is shown that fluctuations of the ion-beam current are due to the fluctuations of plasma density which in turn are due to the explosive nature of plasma production at cathode spots. Humphries and co-workers and later Oks and co-workers have shown that beam fluctuations can be reduced by inserting biased meshes in the plasma. Here, the idea of ion extraction at kV level with post-acceleration is investigated. The high voltage allows us to use coarse, ridged meshes or grids. The combination of an extractor operating in the overdense plasma regime with post-acceleration lead to very reproducible, practically "noiseless" ion beams, however, at the expense of low ion current density. The noise reduction is due to ion optics effects; more ions supplied by plasma lead to greater ion-beam losses after the first extraction system. Although the current setup is not suitable for a heavy ion fusion injector due to the low beam current and the risk of extractor voltage breakdown, further development of the concept may lead to reproducible beam pulses of sufficiently high current and brightness. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 53, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 732 EP 734 DI 10.1063/1.1427039 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000073 ER PT J AU Oks, E Yushkov, G Litovko, I Anders, A Brown, I AF Oks, E Yushkov, G Litovko, I Anders, A Brown, I TI Further development of low noise vacuum arc ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID VELOCITIES AB Based on the idea of a space-charge-limited mode of operation, the influence of a pair of electrostatic meshes on the beam parameters of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory MEVVA-5 ion source was investigated. The meshes were placed in the expansion zone of the vacuum arc plasma. Apart from reducing the level of beam current fluctuations, this mode of operation provides significant control over the ion charge state distribution of the extracted beam. These effects can be understood taking not only space charge but also the high-directed ion drift velocities, which are the same for different ion charge states of a material, into account. The results of simulations of the processes involved are in good agreement with the experimental results. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk 634050, Russia. RP Oks, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 735 EP 737 DI 10.1063/1.1427040 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000074 ER PT J AU Debolt, N Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Rostoker, N VanDrie, A Wessel, F AF Debolt, N Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Rostoker, N VanDrie, A Wessel, F TI Recent results from the low inductance Z-discharge metal vapor ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID VACUUM-ARC; PLASMA AB The low inductance Z-discharge metal vapor (LIZ-MeV) ion source, which uses a magnetized Z-pinch, is a pseudo-spark device capable of producing intense currents (several kA) of highly charged gold or other ions. Typical operations produce an extracted charge-state distribution with a range in gold ion charge state from 4 to 19. Time-of-flight (TOF) spectra (excluding contributions from impurities) indicate that charge states at least as high as Au+12 were generated. Various TOF spectra are presented here to support this conclusion. Although the results are preliminary, LIZ-MeV shows great potential. Existing heavy-ion sources can produce either high beam currents, but low charge states (e.g., the metal-vapor vacuum arc) or high charge states, but low beam currents (e.g., the electron beam ion source). For ion beam injection our goal has been to develop an ion source that produces both high charge states and high beam currents. The existing LIZ-MeV has sufficiently large electron impact energies and electron current densities, but performance is limited by charge exchange with ambient gas and short confinement times. Plans are underway to add another Z-pinch stage to both lengthen confinement times and to minimize charge-state reducing processes. Such an enhanced LIZ-MeV should eventually produce even larger currents of more highly ionized heavy metal ions for accelerator applications. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Debolt, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 741 EP 743 DI 10.1063/1.1430515 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000076 ER PT J AU Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Patton, F Rostoker, N VanDrie, A Wessel, FJ AF Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Patton, F Rostoker, N VanDrie, A Wessel, FJ TI Electron beams and Z-pinches as plasma strippers and lens for low-energy heavy ions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID VACUUM-ARC; CHARGE-STATE; RADIATION AB Numerous approaches to the production of intense beams of highly charged heavy ions are compared and contrasted. The competing processes of ionization and electron capture are described and evaluated to explore ways to further improve upon the encouraging recent results from electron-beam (E-MEVVA) and low-impedance Z-discharge (LIZ-McV) variations on the venerable metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 744 EP 747 DI 10.1063/1.1429779 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000077 ER PT J AU Bilheux, JC Alton, GD Liu, Y Murray, SN Williams, CL AF Bilheux, JC Alton, GD Liu, Y Murray, SN Williams, CL TI Effusive-flow characterization of arbitrary size and geometry target/vapor transport systems: RIB applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID ION-BEAM FACILITY; GENERATION; TARGETS AB The principal factors that limit intensities of short-lived radioactive ion beams produced by the isotope separator on-line technique are time delays due to diffusion of radioactive species from solid or liquid target materials and their effusive-flow transport to the ion source. Although diffusion times can be reduced by proper design of short diffusion length, highly refractory targets, effusive-flow times are more difficult to assess. After diffusion from the target material, the species must travel through the target material and vapor transport system to the ion source. The time required for effusive-flow transport to the ion source depends on the conduction path, chemical reactions between the species and target material and materials of construction, as well as the physical size and geometry of the transport system. We have developed a fast valve (0.1 ms closing time) for introducing gaseous or vapor-state species into the target/vapor transport/ion source/ system that permits measurement of effusive-flow times for any gaseous or vaporous species (chemically active or chemically inactive) through any vapor transport system, independent of size and geometry. Characteristic times are determined from the exponential decay of the momentum analyzed ion beam intensity for the species during effusive flow through the vapor transport system under evaluation. This article describes the effusive-flow apparatus and presents characteristic time spectra and characteristic effusive-flow time data for noble gases flowing through a serial-flow target reservoir system. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bilheux, JC (reprint author), Univ Versailles, F-78000 Versailles, France. RI Bilheux, Jean/A-2823-2016 OI Bilheux, Jean/0000-0003-2172-6487 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 786 EP 788 DI 10.1063/1.1430868 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000090 ER PT J AU Steski, DB Alessi, J Benjamin, J Carlson, C Manni, M Thieberger, P Wiplich, M AF Steski, DB Alessi, J Benjamin, J Carlson, C Manni, M Thieberger, P Wiplich, M TI Operation of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Au- ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is beginning its second year of operation. A cesium sputter ion source injecting into a tandem Van de Graaff provides the gold ions for RHIC. The ion source is operated in the pulsed beam mode and produces a 500-mus-long pulse of Au- with a peak intensity of 290 muA at the entrance of the tandem. After acceleration in the tandem and post-stripping, this results in a beam of Au+32 with an intensity of 80 muA and an energy of 182 MeV. Over the last several years, a series of improvements have been made to increase the intensity of, the pulsed beam from the ion source. Details of the source performance and improvements will be presented. In addition, an effort is under way to provide other beam species for RHIC collisions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steski, DB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 797 EP 799 DI 10.1063/1.1430871 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000093 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Liang, JF Alton, GD Beene, JR Zhou, Z Wollnik, H AF Liu, Y Liang, JF Alton, GD Beene, JR Zhou, Z Wollnik, H TI Cooling negative-ion beams SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Studies have been conducted to determine the feasibility of using the collisional cooling technique as a means of reducing energy spreads and emittances of sputter-generated negative-ion beams. A gas-filled rf-quadrupole ion cooler, equipped with provisions for decelerating ion beams to sufficiently low energies prior to cooling and reaccelerating them to high energies following the cooling process, has been designed and used to cool O- and F- ion beams with initial energy spreads, DeltaE> 10 eV to final energy spreads, DeltaEsimilar to2 eV full width half-maximum. Overall transmission efficiencies of similar to14% for F- beams have been obtained. Experimental results show that electron detachment is the major loss mechanism for negative ions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 800 EP 802 DI 10.1063/1.1430873 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000094 ER PT J AU Ji, Q King, TJ Leung, KN Wilde, SB AF Ji, Q King, TJ Leung, KN Wilde, SB TI Production of various species of focused ion beam SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID LITHOGRAPHY SYSTEM; MULTICUSP SOURCES AB The ability to generate various ion species makes the multicusp plasma ion source an excellent candidate for maskless resistless lithography application. In this article, the mass spectra of both positive and negative ions for phosphorus, BF3, and oxygen multicusp plasmas are presented. It is shown that over 90% P+ ions are produced. The production of BF2+ and O-2(+) increases with increasing gas pressure, and decreases with increasing source power. With optimization of source operating parameters, approximately 85% BF2+ and over 90% O-2(+) have been achieved. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ji, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 822 EP 824 DI 10.1063/1.1427351 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000101 ER PT J AU Tereshin, VI Bandura, AN Bovda, AM Brown, IG Byrka, OV Chebotarev, VV Garkusha, IE Tortika, AS AF Tereshin, VI Bandura, AN Bovda, AM Brown, IG Byrka, OV Chebotarev, VV Garkusha, IE Tortika, AS TI Pulsed plasma accelerators of different gas ions for surface modification SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The pulsed coaxial plasma accelerator (PPA) was utilized in experiments discussed in this article. Plasma streams with ion energy up to 2 keV, plasma density (2-3) x 10(14) cm(-3) and plasma energy density (5-40) J/cm(-2) were generated. Such plasma was used for surface modification of different steels. Experimental results of improvement of metal surfaces physical properties under their irradiation by pulsed plasma streams are presented here. It was shown that microhardness of steel samples, both nonquenched and previously quenched, was increased several times under plasma treatment. Most attention was paid to improvement of wear and corrosion characteristics of the treated materials. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tereshin, VI (reprint author), NSC KIPT, Inst Plasma Phys, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. OI Garkusha, Igor/0000-0001-6538-6862 NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 831 EP 833 DI 10.1063/1.1430875 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000104 ER PT J AU Zelenski, A Alessi, J Briscoe, B Dutto, G Huang, H Kponou, A Kokhanovski, S Klenov, V Lehrach, A Levy, P LoDestro, V Mori, Y Okamura, M Raparia, D Ritter, J Takeuchi, T Wight, G Zoubets, V AF Zelenski, A Alessi, J Briscoe, B Dutto, G Huang, H Kponou, A Kokhanovski, S Klenov, V Lehrach, A Levy, P LoDestro, V Mori, Y Okamura, M Raparia, D Ritter, J Takeuchi, T Wight, G Zoubets, V TI Optically pumped polarized H- ion source for RHIC spin physics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB A new optically pumped polarized H- ion source (OPPIS) was developed for the RHIC polarization program and successfully used for the first polarized beam commissioning at RHIC. The OPPIS produces in excess of 1.0 mA H- ion current at about 80% polarization. An ECR primary proton source development and a new 29 GHz microwave power supply are described. A new type sodium jet ionizer cell is biased to -32 kV to produce a 35 keV polarized beam ready for injection to the RFQ. Higher current and higher polarization were also obtained with the biased jet-cell in comparison with an old oven-type ionizer cell. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. INR, Moscow, Russia. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. RP Zelenski, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 888 EP 891 DI 10.1063/1.1427669 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000121 ER PT J AU Dudnikov, V Dudnikova, G Farrell, JP AF Dudnikov, V Dudnikova, G Farrell, JP TI Surface plasma source for heavy negative ion production SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID GAS AB Optimization of a surface plasma source for production of heavy negative ions and results of computer simulations used to optimize ion flux formation, negative ion transport, and space charge neutralization are presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brookhaven Technol Grp Inc, Nesconset, NY 11767 USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 906 EP 909 DI 10.1063/1.1430518 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000126 ER PT J AU Keller, R Cheng, D DiGennaro, R Gough, RA Greer, J Leung, KN Ratti, A Reijonen, J Thomae, RW Schenkel, T Staples, JW Yourd, R Aleksandrov, A Stockli, MP Welton, RW AF Keller, R Cheng, D DiGennaro, R Gough, RA Greer, J Leung, KN Ratti, A Reijonen, J Thomae, RW Schenkel, T Staples, JW Yourd, R Aleksandrov, A Stockli, MP Welton, RW TI Ion-source and low-energy beam-transport issues with the front-end systems for the spallation neutron source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The front-end systems (FES) of the spallation neutron source project are being built by Berkeley Lab and will deliver a pulsed 40 mA H- ion beam at 2.5 MeV energy to the subsequent drift-tube linac. The FES accelerator components comprise a rf driven, volume-production, cesium-enhanced, multicusp ion source; an electrostatic low-energy beam transport (LEBT) that includes provisions for transverse focusing, steering, and beam chopping; a radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator; and a medium-energy beam transport line. The challenges for ion source and LEBT design are the generation of a plasma suitable for creating the required high H- ion density, lifetime of the rf antenna at 6% duty factor, removal of the parasitic electron population from the extracted negative ions, and emittance conservation. The article discusses these issues in detail and highlights key experimental results obtained so far. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Keller, R (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 914 EP 916 DI 10.1063/1.1431403 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000128 ER PT J AU Sherman, JD Figueroa, TL Hansborough, LD Kerstiens, DM Schneider, JD Smith, HV Stettler, MW Stevens, RR Thuot, ME Warren, DS Zaugg, TJ Arvin, AA Bolt, AS Boers, JE AF Sherman, JD Figueroa, TL Hansborough, LD Kerstiens, DM Schneider, JD Smith, HV Stettler, MW Stevens, RR Thuot, ME Warren, DS Zaugg, TJ Arvin, AA Bolt, AS Boers, JE TI A 75 keV, 140 mA proton injector SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE AB A do and pulsed-mode 75 keV proton injector has been developed and is used in characterization of a continuous-wave 6.7 MeV, 100 mA radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ). The injector is used frequently at the full RFQ design power (100 mA, 6.7 MeV) where the RFQ admittance (1 rms, normalized) is 0.23 (pi mm mrad). The injector includes a 2.45 GHz microwave proton source and a beam space-charge-neutralized, two magnetic-solenoid, low-energy beam-transport system. The design RFQ beam transmission of 95% has been demonstrated at 100 mA RFQ output current. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29841 USA. Thunderbird Simulat, Garland, TX 75042 USA. RP Sherman, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 917 EP 921 DI 10.1063/1.1427671 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000129 ER PT J AU Gobin, R Beauvais, PY Bogard, D Charruau, G Delferriere, O De Menezes, D France, A Ferdinand, R Gauthier, Y Harrault, F Jannin, JL Lagniel, JM Leroy, PA Mattei, P Sherman, J Sinanna, A Ausset, P Bousson, S Pottin, B AF Gobin, R Beauvais, PY Bogard, D Charruau, G Delferriere, O De Menezes, D France, A Ferdinand, R Gauthier, Y Harrault, F Jannin, JL Lagniel, JM Leroy, PA Mattei, P Sherman, J Sinanna, A Ausset, P Bousson, S Pottin, B TI High intensity ECR ion source (H+, D+, H-) developments at CEA/Saclay SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID IMPROVEMENT; EMITTANCE; BEAM AB Source of light ions with high intensities The (SILHI) source has been producing proton beams since 1996. The first aim is to produce up to 100 mA cw beams at 95 keV for the injector of protons for high intensity demonstrator. This prototype is developed by a CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3 collaboration for applications such as accelerator driven systems for nuclear waste transmutation, production of radioactive ion beams, or secondary particles. To measure installation reliability, continuous 5 day long runs have been performed. In October 1999, a 99.96% availability was achieved with a single short beam off and a 103 H uninterrupted beam. A new extraction system leads to lower beam losses and higher LEBT transparency. SILHI now produces a 95 keV-130 mA total beam with a proton fraction higher than 80%. Up to a 157 mA (247 mA/cm(2)) total cw beam has been extracted. The new EPICS control system, electromagnetic interference hardened devices and automatic control procedures now allow us to do longer runs. To analyze the reliability of these upgrades, a 4 week test was planned. In the framework of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility project CEA participation, 135 mA-95 kV deuteron pulsed beams were produced. Extraction simulations and recent SILHI results are also presented. In addition, a new test bench has been recently developed to analyze H- beam production. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. IN2P3, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gobin, R (reprint author), CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 922 EP 924 DI 10.1063/1.1428783 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000130 ER PT J AU Schein, J Qi, N Binder, R Krishnan, M Ziemer, JK Polk, JE Anders, A AF Schein, J Qi, N Binder, R Krishnan, M Ziemer, JK Polk, JE Anders, A TI Inductive energy storage driven vacuum arc thruster SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB A new type of vacuum arc thruster in combination with an innovative power processing unit (PPU) has been developed that promises to be a high efficiency (similar to15%), low mass (similar to100 g) propulsion system for micro- and nanosatellites. This thruster accelerates a plasma that consists almost exclusively of ions of the cathode material and has been operated with a wide variety of cathodes. The streaming velocity of the plasma exhaust varies with cathode material, from a low of 11 km/s for Ti up to 30 km/s for Al, with a corresponding range of specific impulse from 1100 s for Ta to 3000 s for Al. Initiation of the arc requires only a few hundred volts due to an innovative "triggerless" approach in which a conductive layer between the cathode and the anode produces the initial charge carriers needed for plasma production. The initial starting voltage spike as well as the energy to operate the vacuum arc are generated by a low mass (<300 g) inductive energy storage PPU which is controlled using +5 V level signals. The thrust-to-power ratio has been estimated to reach up to &AP;20,μN/W. The vacuum arc thruster was tested at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory using W as cathode material. Experimental results are within 65% of the estimated values. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schein, J (reprint author), Alameda Appl Sci Corp, 2235 Polvorosa Ave, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 925 EP 927 DI 10.1063/1.14287884 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000131 ER PT J AU Reijonen, J Leung, KN Jones, G AF Reijonen, J Leung, KN Jones, G TI rf ion source development for neutron generation and for material modification SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB rf driven multicusp ion sources have been successfully used in various different applications. Lately the Plasma and Ion Source Technology Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has been developing a rf ion source for neutron production and a high current density cw-operated ion source for SIMOX (Separation by Implantation of Oxygen)-application. The group has developed a small ion source, which consists of a quartz plasma chamber, an external rf-antenna, an extraction electrode, and a target assembly, all in a tube that is approximately 25 cm in length and 5 cm in diameter. Another neutron generator currently under development is a multiaperture, high power generator. The neutron generator currently operates at 1% duty cycle, 80 kV, and 150 mA of deuterium beam. The neutron yield measured from the generator is 1.6x10(7) n/s. For oxygen implantation, the group has been developing a source which could provide a high percentage of O+ at high current density using cw operation. A dual-antenna has been developed for the source to ensure reliable long life operation. The development of these sources will be discussed in this article. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reijonen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 934 EP 936 DI 10.1063/1.1430519 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000134 ER PT J AU Hahto, S Leung, K Persaud, A Reijonen, J AF Hahto, S Leung, K Persaud, A Reijonen, J TI A multiaperture electron filter for volume-type H- ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID SIMULATION AB Negative light ion beams have been used widely in many applications over the past decades. One of the most popular methods of producing H- and D- beams is the so-called volume production, in which a plasma is contained in a multicusp magnetic field. The beam is extracted using an electric field applied in the extraction gap. Accompanying the negative ions is up to 100 times greater number of electrons, which have to be removed from the beam. This is usually done by placing a transverse magnetic field in the extraction region. With this method the electrons can be quite effectively removed from the beans, The problem is that we dump a high intensity, high energy electron beam in the extraction electrode and dissipate a lot of power in the process. The negative ion beam is also deflected in this strong magnetic field which has to be corrected either by tilting the source compared to the extraction or by adding an opposite transverse magnetic field. In the latter method the bean is laterally displaced from the original axis. In the Plasma and Ion Source Technology Group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, we are developing a multi-aperture extraction in which the electrons are removed from the beam before they are accelerated to high energy with the use of a honeycomb-structured electron filter and a weak magnetic field. This way the power dissipated by the electrons and the ion beam deflection are minimized. The initial results of these experiments will be described in this presentation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hahto, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 967 EP 969 DI 10.1063/1.1431409 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000144 ER PT J AU Gobin, R Beauvais, PY Benmeziane, K Delferriere, O Ferdinand, R Harrault, F Lagniel, JM Sherman, J AF Gobin, R Beauvais, PY Benmeziane, K Delferriere, O Ferdinand, R Harrault, F Lagniel, JM Sherman, J TI First plasma analysis of the CEA/Saclay ECR hydrogen negative ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Reliable high intensity H- ion source development is now part of the CEA/Saclay work in the field of high intensity linear accelerators. A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) H- ion source and test bench have been built. This new source has been designed taking into account our experience on the French high intensity ECR proton source. For H- ion production, the high-energy electrons created in the ECR zone are trapped by a dipole magnetic filter. A rectangular 210 mm long plasma chamber and an intermediate iron shield are used to minimize the magnetic field in the extraction region. A second magnetic dipole separates electrons and negative ions in a 10 kV extraction system. To reduce the electron/H- ratio, the plasma electrode is biased by a power supply. The first helium plasma allowed us to verify the satisfactory electron separator behavior. Pulsed hydrogen plasma is currently produced. The first plasma characterization is under progress as a function of ion source parameters by using Langmuir probes and optical spectrometer. The first results are presented and possible evolutions toward a higher efficiency source will be discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gobin, R (reprint author), CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 983 EP 985 DI 10.1063/1.1429302 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000149 ER PT J AU Dudnikov, V Schmidt, CW Hren, R Wendt, J AF Dudnikov, V Schmidt, CW Hren, R Wendt, J TI Direct current surface plasma source with high emission current density SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID ION-SOURCE AB A surface plasma source for long-time de operation with efficient production of negative ions and high emission current density has been designed and tested. Several modifications of the discharge system, beam extraction, cesium supply, and source design have been tested for long-time operation. The emission current density of H- ions has been increased to j=1 A/cm(2) in the do mode of operation with a discharge voltage, Ud=80 V; a discharge current, Id =0.9 A and a discharge power, P=70 W. Corresponding efficiency of the current density production S=j/P = 15 A/cm(2) kW is much higher than in modern positive ion sources. Source features determining an operational lifetime will be discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 989 EP 991 DI 10.1063/1.1431410 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000151 ER PT J AU Dudnikov, V AF Dudnikov, V TI Thirty years of surface plasma sources for efficient negative ion production SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Thirty years ago, July 1, 1971, significant enhancement of negative ion emission from a gas discharge following a small admixture of cesium was observed for the first time. This observation became the basis for the development of the Surface Plasma Source (SPS) for efficient production of negative ions. In the SPS, negative ions are produced from the interaction of plasma particles with electrodes on which adsorbed cesium reduces the surface work function. Following this discovery, the emission current density of negative ions increased rapidly from jsimilar to0.01 A/cm(2) to 3.7 A/cm(2) with a flat cathode and up to 8 A/cm(2) with optimized geometrical focusing in a long pulse SPS and up to 1 A/cm(2) for a do SPS. Charge-exchange cooling decreases a negative ion temperature below 1 eV and increases the negative ion brightness by many orders to a level compatible with the best proton sources, B = j/T> 1 A/cm(2) eV. The intensity of negative ion beams was increased from mA to tens of amperes. Features of different SPS's, negative ion beam formation, transportation, space-charge neutralization over neutralization and instability damping are considered. Practical aspects of SPS operation and high brightness beam production will be discussed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 992 EP 994 DI 10.1063/1.1431411 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000152 ER PT J AU Dudnikov, V Dudnikov, A AF Dudnikov, V Dudnikov, A TI Space charge compensation of low energy ion beam SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID IMPLANTATION AB Compensation of the space charge of high perveance, low energy ion beam in beam lines for ion implantation and isotope separation has been investigated. Space charge compensation and overcompensation by ions will be considered. Different mechanisms of the compensating particle formation such as ionization by the beam, secondary emission, electronegative gas admixture, and external plasma sources will be discussed. Advanced space charge compensation increases an intensity of low energy ion beam after analyzer magnet up to 3-4 times. Space charge compensation of positive ion beam by admixture of electronegative gases and damping of the beam instability will be discussed. Up to 6 mA of B-11(+) ions with energy 3 keV, 11 mA with 5 keV and 18 mA with 10 keV have been transported through an analyzer magnet of a high current implanter with space charge neutralization by electronegative gases. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Dudnikov, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 995 EP 997 DI 10.1063/1.1431412 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000153 ER PT J AU Goncharov, A Gorshkov, V Gubarev, S Dobrovolsky, A Protsenko, I Brown, I AF Goncharov, A Gorshkov, V Gubarev, S Dobrovolsky, A Protsenko, I Brown, I TI Permanent magnet plasma lens SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN ID ION-BEAMS AB We have designed and fabricated, for the first time, a simple, compact, and low-cost electrostatic plasma lens based on the use of permanent magnets rather than an electrically driven solenoid to establish the magnetic field. Characteristics of the focused ion beam passed through the lens have been measured. Some of the beam characteristics depend strongly on the applied magnetic field strength and the precise form of the external potential distribution applied along the lens electrodes. The experimental results obtained at the Institute of Physics (Kiev) and at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley) show that this plasma optical device can be used beneficially for focusing and manipulating moderate energy, large area, heavy metal ion beams. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Phys NASU, UA-03039 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goncharov, A (reprint author), Inst Phys NASU, 46 Pr Nauki, UA-03039 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Dobrovol`s`kii, Andrii/C-7626-2015; Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015 OI Dobrovol`s`kii, Andrii/0000-0001-9917-522X; Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1001 EP 1003 DI 10.1063/1.1431414 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000155 ER PT J AU Welton, RF Stockli, MP Kang, Y Janney, M Keller, R Thomae, RW Schenkel, T Shukla, S AF Welton, RF Stockli, MP Kang, Y Janney, M Keller, R Thomae, RW Schenkel, T Shukla, S TI Ion source antenna development for the spallation neutron source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The operational lifetime of a radio-frequency (rf) ion source is generally governed by the length of time the insulating structure protecting the antenna survives during exposure to the plasma. Coating the antenna with a thin layer of insulating material is a common means of extending the life of such antennas. When low-power/low-duty factor rf excitation is employed, antenna lifetimes of several hundred hours are typical. When high-power, >30 kW, and high-duty cycles, similar to6%, are employed, as is the case of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) ion source, antenna lifetime becomes unacceptably short. This work addresses this problem by first showing the results of microanalysis of failed antennas from the SNS ion source, developing a model of the damage mechanism based on plasma-insulator interaction, using the model to determine the dimensional and material properties of an ideal coating, and describing several approaches currently under way to develop a long-lived antenna for the SNS accelerator. These approaches include thermal spray coatings, optimized porcelain enamel coatings, refractory enamel coatings, and novel antenna geometries designed to operate with low rf electric fields. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Accelerator Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Accelerator Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1008 EP 1012 DI 10.1063/1.1431416 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000157 ER PT J AU Welton, RF Stockli, MP Boers, JE Rauniyar, R Keller, R Staples, JW Thomae, RW AF Welton, RF Stockli, MP Boers, JE Rauniyar, R Keller, R Staples, JW Thomae, RW TI Simulation of the ion source extraction and low energy beam transport systems for the Spallation Neutron Source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source is a radio-frequency (rf) multi-cusp, volume-type H- source that is coupled to a rf quadrupole accelerator through a low energy beam transport (LEBT) system consisting of five electrostatic elements. To gain a deeper understanding of the operation of this system and to continue to refine the design, we have performed ion extraction and transport simulations using the computer code PBGUNS. A comparison is presented between simulation and the measured phase space of the beam for various values of LEBT electrode potentials. Both the emittance magnitude and orientation in phase space were found to be in reasonable agreement with measurement. A design study is also presented where the angle of the source outlet electrode has been optimized with the aid of PBGUNS simulations, resulting in a substantial reduction of the emittance. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Accelerator Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Thunderbird Simulat, Garland, TX 75042 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Accelerator Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1013 EP 1016 DI 10.1063/1.1431417 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000158 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Staples, JW Thomae, RW Reijonen, J Gough, RA Leung, KN Keller, R Welton, R Stockli, M AF Schenkel, T Staples, JW Thomae, RW Reijonen, J Gough, RA Leung, KN Keller, R Welton, R Stockli, M TI Plasma ignition schemes for the spallation neutron source radio-frequency driven H- source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The H- ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a cesiated, radio-frequency driven multicusp volume source which operates at a duty cycle of 6%. In pulsed rf driven plasma sources, ignition of the plasma affects the stability of source operation and the antenna lifetime. We report on ignition schemes, based on secondary electron generation by UV light, a hot filament, a low power rf plasma (cw, 13.56 MHz), as well as source operation solely with the high power 2 MHz rf. We find that the dual frequency, single antenna scheme is most attractive for the operating conditions of the SNS H- source. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1017 EP 1019 DI 10.1063/1.1430521 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000159 ER PT J AU Chacon-Golcher, E Baca, D Kwan, JW AF Chacon-Golcher, E Baca, D Kwan, JW TI Development of high current density surface ionization sources for heavy ion fusion applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Results are presented on the maximum current density obtained in pulsed (2 mus) contact ionization sources that utilize potassium and cesium atoms on porous tungsten substrates. Maximum values of 89 and 48 mA/cm(2) for K+ and Cs+, respectively, were obtained in space charge limited mode for the source geometry used. Similar results were observed for potassium aluminosilicate (K(2)0 . Al2O3 . 4SiO(2)) sources. Neutral emission rates were measured in the temperature range of interest to heavy ion fusion (1000-1150degreesC). Evidence is presented regarding a diffusion-limited flow of alkali atoms towards the emitting surface, which would be a determining factor in the source lifetime. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chacon-Golcher, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1036 EP 1038 DI 10.1063/1.1430524 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000165 ER PT J AU Ahle, L Hall, RP Molvik, AW Kwan, JW Leung, KN AF Ahle, L Hall, RP Molvik, AW Kwan, JW Leung, KN TI rf gas plasma source development for heavy ion fusion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Presently the Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is researching ion sources and injector concepts to understand how to optimize beam brightness over a range of currents (50-2000 nmA argon equivalent). One concept initially accelerates millimeter size, milliamp beamlets to 1 MeV before merging them into centimeter size, ampere beams. Computer simulations have shown the final brightness of the merged beams is dominated by the emittance growth of the merging process, as long as the beamlets' ion temperature is below a few electron volts. Thus, a radio frequency multicusp source capable of high current density can produce beams with better brightness compared to ones extracted from a colder source with a large aperture and lower current density. Initial experiments with such a source have successfully demonstrated simultaneously high current density, similar to100 mA/cm(2), and fast turn on, similar to1 mus. Results from these experiments are presented as well as progress and plans for the next set of experiments for these sources. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ahle, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1039 EP 1041 DI 10.1063/1.1429303 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000166 ER PT J AU Bieniosek, FM Henestroza, E Kwan, JW AF Bieniosek, FM Henestroza, E Kwan, JW TI Performance of the K+ ion diode in the 2 MV injector for heavy ion fusion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Heavy ion beam inertial fusion driver concepts depend on the availability and performance of high-brightness high-current ion sources. Surface ionization sources have relatively low current density but high brightness because of the low temperature: of the emitted ions. We have measured the beam profiles at the exit of the injector diode, and compared the measured profiles with EGUN and WARP-3D predictions. Spherical aberrations are significant in this large aspect ratio diode. We discuss the measured and calculated beam size and beam profiles, the effect of aberrations, quality of vacuum, and secondary electron distributions on the beam profile. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bieniosek, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1042 EP 1044 DI 10.1063/1.1428417 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000167 ER PT J AU Oka, Y Takeiri, Y Tsumori, K Osakabe, M Kaneko, O Ikeda, K Hamabe, M Asano, E Kawamoto, T Grisham, L AF Oka, Y Takeiri, Y Tsumori, K Osakabe, M Kaneko, O Ikeda, K Hamabe, M Asano, E Kawamoto, T Grisham, L TI Performance of LHD-NBI H- ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The Large Helical Device-Neutral Beam Injector (LHD-NBI) system uses 40 AX 180 keV (10 s) negative hydrogen ion sources. Three studies of the H- ion source are reported, i.e., conditioned status, co-accelerated electron beam component, and weight loss of tungsten filaments. Total injection numbers through experimental cycles sum up to similar to8000 shots with four ion sources on two beam lines. Injection power reached a maximum of 5.2 MW. The maximum energy achieved was 171 keV. A pulse length up to 80 s was reached with 0.5 MW. Electron fraction ill the accelerated H- beam was evaluated by measuring the heat load on the electron beam dump. Total fraction of the power in the electron beam component deposited on the dump was evaluated to be 1.5%-6% with up to similar to1 Pa of H-2. Stripped electrons which were produced inside acceleration gap comprised the majority compared to electrons extracted from source plasma. The weight loss of tungsten filament was 0.01-0.103 mgr/shot/filament. The total loss was similar to0.5% after similar to6500 shots. They were evaporated and a bit spotted. Distribution of the loss over the filament location in the plasma source and over the filament length along tungsten wire corresponded to the nonuniformity of the discharge plasma and H- ions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Oka, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Oroshi 322-6, Toki 5095292, Japan. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1054 EP 1057 DI 10.1063/1.1432469 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000171 ER PT J AU Ohga, T Umeda, N Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hikita, S Honda, A Itoh, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Kuriyama, M Kusaka, M Mogaki, K Oohara, H Pengyuan, L Satoh, F Seki, H Tanai, Y Toyokawa, Y Usui, K Yamamoto, T Yamazaki, H AF Ohga, T Umeda, N Akino, N Ebisawa, N Grisham, L Hikita, S Honda, A Itoh, T Kawai, M Kazawa, M Kuriyama, M Kusaka, M Mogaki, K Oohara, H Pengyuan, L Satoh, F Seki, H Tanai, Y Toyokawa, Y Usui, K Yamamoto, T Yamazaki, H TI Present status of the negative ion based neutral beam injector for JT-60U SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB The negative ion based neutral beam injector heating system for JT-60U has contributed to core plasma heating and noninductive current drive experiments on JT-60U. For increasing further the beam power and beam pulse duration, the serious issue is improvement of source plasma nonuniformity in the ion source. Various countermeasures have been devised to solve the nonuniformity. The first is to adjust the spatial distribution of the arc discharge through regulating the arc current limiting resistors to be connected in series to each of the filament groups. The second is to change the arc discharge mode through controlling the filament temperature. These measures have been found to be very effective. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. SW Inst Phys China, Chengdu, Peoples R China. RP Ohga, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, 801-1, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM ohga@naka.jaeri.go.jp NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1058 EP 1060 DI 10.1063/1.1431421 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000172 ER PT J AU Kwan, JW Anders, A Bieniosek, FM Chacon-Golcher, E Henestroza, E Leung, KN Ahle, LA Grote, DP Molvik, AW AF Kwan, JW Anders, A Bieniosek, FM Chacon-Golcher, E Henestroza, E Leung, KN Ahle, LA Grote, DP Molvik, AW TI Developing high brightness beams for heavy ion driven inertial fusion SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Axcells Technologies Inc, AccSys Technol Inc, Bergoz Instrumentat, Chabot Space & Sci Ctr, Dehnel Consulting Ltd, GMW Associates, INTMAG EGUN IGUN AB Heavy ion fusion (HIF) drivers require large currents and bright beams. In this article we review the two different approaches for building HIF injectors and the corresponding ion source requirements. The traditional approach uses large aperture, low current density ion sources, resulting in a very large injector system. A more recent approach merges high current density mini-beam lets into a large current beam and significantly reduces the injector size. Experiments are being prepared to demonstrate this approach. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1084 EP 1086 DI 10.1063/1.1431423 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000178 ER PT J AU Leung, KN AF Leung, KN TI Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ion Sources - 3-7 September 2001 - Oakland, California - Preface SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leung, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP A3 EP A3 PN 2 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 522WY UT WOS:000173921000001 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Kramer, MJ Easton, DS AF Schneibel, JH Kramer, MJ Easton, DS TI A Mo-Si-B intermetallic alloy with a continuous alpha-Mo matrix SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE intermetallic; composite; powder processing; fracture toughness ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MO-12SI-8.5B AT.PERCENT; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; PHASE AB A novel technique for fabricating high-temperature molybdenum-silicon-boron intermetallic composites is described. Vacuum annealing of silicide particles resulted in a loss of Si, and consequently a Mo solid solution layer, at the surfaces. Subsequent consolidation produced a microstructure of silicide particles bonded by a continuous Mo matrix. The alpha-Mo imparted significant room temperature fracture toughness. (C) 2002 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 AR PII S1359-6462(01)01227-1 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01227-1 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 550NC UT WOS:000175508300007 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BJ Rogan, RC Richardson, JW Ma, B Balachandran, U AF Mitchell, BJ Rogan, RC Richardson, JW Ma, B Balachandran, U TI Stability of the cubic perovskite SrFe0.8Co0.2O3-delta SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; perovskite; electronic and ionic conductor; phase stability ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN PERMEATION; TRANSITIONS; MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT; METHANE; OXIDE AB Dense ceramic bars of the perovskite material SrFe0.8Co0.2O3-delta have been synthesized by solid-state reaction and studied by in-situ neutron diffraction through the range of oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) from 10 (-0.68) to 10 (-13.3) atm at 900 degreesC. Over the complete range, the material retains the cubic perovskite structure and is stable even when delta>0.5. Between air and log pO(2) = -2.3, delta increases from 0.35 to 0.44 and the lattice expands. Lowering the pO(2) further leads to an oxygen content "plateau" at delta approximate to 0.5, through a log pO(2) range of - 3.5 to - 8.6. Below this, the lattice undergoes further expansion, as oxygen is lost, most likely when Co3+ undergoes reduction to Co2+. Rietveld analysis indicates that there is no deviation from the Fe/Co 80:20 ratio over the entire pO(2) range. The behavior of this perovskite is compared to that of the perovskite phase of similar composition found in a SrFeCo0.5Oy ceramic membrane material studied under similar conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CALTECH, Dept Engn & Appl Sci Mech, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Richardson, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 146 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 321 AR PII S0167-2738(01)01011-6 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(01)01011-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 524GZ UT WOS:000174006000011 ER PT J AU Fernandez, C Morais, C Rocha, J Pruski, M AF Fernandez, C Morais, C Rocha, J Pruski, M TI High-resolution heteronuclear correlation spectra between P-31 and Al-27 in microporous aluminophosphates SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE MQHECTOR; HETCOR; MQMAS; cross-polarization; quadrupolar nuclei; aluminophosphates; VPI-5; AlPO4-40 ID MOLECULAR-SIEVE VPI-5; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; QUANTUM MAS NMR; SOLID-STATE NMR; CROSS-POLARIZATION; SPIN-1/2 NUCLEI; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; TRIPLE AB A solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment, which provides high-resolution two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectra between Al-27 and P-31, is described. The first part of the experiment uses triple-quantum or quintuple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR of spin-5/2 nuclei (Al-27) to produce an isotropic echo that is unaffected by the second-order quadrupolar broadening. The magnetization is then transferred to the spin-1/2 (P-31) nuclei via cross-polarization (CP), resulting in isotropic resolution in both spectral dimensions. To illustrate its usefulness, this method (referred to as MQHETCOR) is applied to two important microporous framework aluminophosphates, hydrated VPI-5 and AIPO(4)-40. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Caen, ISMRA, Catalyse & Spectrochim Lab, CNRS,UMR 6506, F-14050 Caen, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Aveiro, Dept Chem, P-3800193 Aveiro, Portugal. RP Fernandez, C (reprint author), Univ Caen, ISMRA, Catalyse & Spectrochim Lab, CNRS,UMR 6506, F-14050 Caen, France. RI Gomes de Morais, Claudia/A-6701-2012; Rocha, Joao/A-2486-2010; fernandez, christian/C-3158-2008 OI Rocha, Joao/0000-0002-0417-9402; fernandez, christian/0000-0002-5476-3148 NR 36 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD FEB-MAR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1006/snmr.2001.0049 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 529NN UT WOS:000174305700005 PM 11949818 ER PT J AU Martinez-Cruz, LA Dreyer, MK Boisvert, DC Yokota, H Martinez-Chantar, ML Kim, R Kim, SH AF Martinez-Cruz, LA Dreyer, MK Boisvert, DC Yokota, H Martinez-Chantar, ML Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of MJ1247 protein from M-jannaschii at 2.0 angstrom resolution infers a molecular function of 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase; hypothetical protein function; Methanococcus jannaschii; phosphosugar; RuMP pathway; structural genomics ID RIBULOSE MONOPHOSPHATE PATHWAY; GLUCOSAMINE 6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI GENOME; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIUM; DNA-SEQUENCE; DOMAIN; THERMOSTABILITY; REPLACEMENT AB The crystal structure of the hypothetical protein MJ1247 from Methanococccus jannaschii at 2 Angstrom resolution, a detailed sequence analysis, and biochemical assays infer its molecular function to be 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase (PHI). In the dissimilatory ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle, ribulose-5-phosphate is coupled to formaldehyde by the 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS), yielding hexulose-6-phosphate, which is then isomerized to fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme 3-hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase. MJ1247 is an alpha/beta structure consisting of a five-stranded parallel beta sheet flanked on both sides by et helices, forming a three-layered alpha-beta-alpha sandwich. The fold represents the nucleotide binding motif of a flavodoxin type. MJ1247 is a tetramer in the crystal and in solution and each monomer has a folding similar to the isomerase domain of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martinez-Cruz, LA (reprint author), Univ Navarra, Dept Internal Med, Div Hepatol & Gene Therapy, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain. RI Martinez-Cruz, Luis Alfonso/G-2285-2011; Martinez Chantar, Maria Luz/F-5190-2011 OI Martinez-Cruz, Luis Alfonso/0000-0002-5856-9377; Martinez Chantar, Maria Luz/0000-0002-6446-9911 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50GM62412] NR 52 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00701-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 521FT UT WOS:000173829100010 PM 11839305 ER PT J AU Eisterer, M Zehetmayer, M Tonies, S Weber, HW Kambara, M Babu, NH Cardwell, DA Greenwood, LR AF Eisterer, M Zehetmayer, M Tonies, S Weber, HW Kambara, M Babu, NH Cardwell, DA Greenwood, LR TI Neutron irradiation of MgB2 bulk superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Sintered samples of MgB2 were irradiated in a fission reactor. Defects in the bulk microstructure are produced during this process mainly by the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction while collisions of fast neutrons with the lattice atoms induce much less damage. Self-shielding effects turn out to be very important and lead to a highly inhomogeneous defect distribution in the irradiated samples. The resulting disorder enhances the normal state resistivity and the upper critical field. The irreversibility line shifts to higher fields at low temperatures and the measured critical current densities increase following irradiation. C1 Austrian Univ, Inst Atom, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Univ Cambridge, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr Superconduct, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Eisterer, M (reprint author), Austrian Univ, Inst Atom, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. RI Babu, Nadendla/E-1406-2011; Nadendla, Hari Babu/I-7463-2015; Kambara, Makoto/O-2489-2015; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Nadendla, Hari Babu/0000-0003-4894-7052; Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 15 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP L9 EP L12 AR PII S0953-2048(02)29779-1 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/15/2/101 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 525UZ UT WOS:000174093600001 ER PT J AU Schneider, G Anderson, E Vogt, S Knochel, C Weiss, D Legros, M Larabell, C AF Schneider, G Anderson, E Vogt, S Knochel, C Weiss, D Legros, M Larabell, C TI Computed tomography of cryogenic cells SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION AB Soft X-ray microscopy has resolved 30 nm structures in biological cells. To protect the cells from radiation damage caused by X-rays, imaging of the samples has to be performed at cryogenic temperatures, which makes it possible to take multiple images of a single cell. Due to the small numerical aperture of zone plates, X-ray objectives have a depth of focus on the order of several microns. By treating the X-ray microscopic images as projections of the sample absorption, computed tomography (CT) can be performed. Since cryogenic biological samples are resistant to radiation damage, it is possible to reconstruct frozen-hydrated cells imaged with a full-field X-ray microscope. This approach is used to obtain three-dimensional information about the location of specific proteins in cells. To localize proteins in cells, immunolabeling with strongly X-ray absorbing nanoparticles was performed. With the new tomography setup developed for the X-ray microscope XM-1 installed at the ALS, we have performed tomography of immunolabeled frozen-hydrated cells to detect protein distributions inside of cells. As a first example, the distribution of the nuclear protein male-specific lethal 1 (MSL-1) in the Drosophila melanogaster cell was studied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Rontgenphys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RP Schneider, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 9 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02001914 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500029 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Kuramoto, K Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Kuramoto, K Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray absorption spectra in the 0 K region of microporous carbon and some reference aromatic compounds SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID EMISSION; SURFACE AB To analyze the oxidation states of the graphitic surface of microporous carbon, soft X-ray absorption spectra in the 0 K region have been obtained for microporous carbon and various aromatic compounds. The aromatic molecules studied are substituted with one or more of the following oxygenated functional groups: hydroxy (-OH), carboxy (-COOH), carbonyl (>C=O), formyl (-CH=O), and ether (-O-). From comparison of the soft X-ray absorption spectra of microporous carbon and of reference aromatic compounds, the most probable chemical bonding states of oxygen in microporous carbon are found to be -COOH and >C(H)=O. Spectral features in the soft X-ray absorption spectra of microporous carbon are well explained by the O2p density of states in these oxygenated functional groups from discrete variational (DV)-Xalpha molecular orbital calculations. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02002178 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500040 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Van Buuren, T Bostedt, C Schaffers, KI Terminello, L AF Nelson, AJ Van Buuren, T Bostedt, C Schaffers, KI Terminello, L TI Photoemission and photoabsorption investigation of the electronic structure of ytterbium-doped strontium fluoroapatite SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; SCATTERING; YB AB X-ray photoemission and X-ray photoabsorption were used to study the composition and the electronic structure of ytterbium-doped strontium fluoroapatite (Yb:S-FAP). High resolution photoemission measurements on the valence band electronic structure were used to evaluate the density of occupied states of this fluoroapatite. Element-specific density of unoccupied electronic states in Yb:S-FAP was probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Yb 4d (N-4,N-5-edge), Sr 3d (M-4,M-5-edge), P 2p (L-2,L-3-edge), F 1s and O 1s (K-edges) absorption edges. These results provide the first measurements of the electronic structure and surface chemistry of this material. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02002361 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500060 ER PT J AU Nolting, F Luning, J Rockenberger, J Hu, J Alivisatos, AP AF Nolting, F Luning, J Rockenberger, J Hu, J Alivisatos, AP TI A PEEM study of small agglomerates of colloidal iron oxide nanocrystals SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DICHROISM AB A common limitation in nanostructure research is often the requirement to perform experiments on ensembles of nanoparticles, therefore averaging over inherent distributions with respect to particle size and shape, chemical composition, crystallinity and defect structure. This limitation can be overcome by studying the properties of a single nanostructure individually, which will allow one to truly correlate scaling laws of material properties with changes in size. Here we report the first experiments to explore the feasibility of spectromicroscopy using a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) to record the X-ray absorption spectra of single nanocrystals. Colloidal iron oxide nanocrystals with an average diameter and standard deviation of 13 nm and 2 nm, respectively, were deposited on graphite (HOPG) forming small islands of agglomerated gamma-Fe2O3 nanocrystals (4-30 particles) as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Spatially resolved soft X-ray absorption spectra at the Fe L-3,L-2 edges of these individual islands were recorded with the PEEM2 instrument of the Advanced Light Source (ALS). C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nolting, F (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 437 EP 440 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02002439 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500067 ER PT J AU Young, AT Arenholz, E Feng, J Padmore, H Marks, S Schlueter, R Hoyer, E Kelez, N Steier, C AF Young, AT Arenholz, E Feng, J Padmore, H Marks, S Schlueter, R Hoyer, E Kelez, N Steier, C TI A soft X-ray undulator beamline at the advanced light source with circular and variable linear polarization for the spectroscopy and microscopy of magnetic materials SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID POLARIZING UNDULATOR; DICHROISM AB A new undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is described. This new beamline has an Apple II type undulator which produces linearly and elliptically polarized X-rays. A high resolution monochromator directs the radiation to two branchlines. The first branchline is optimized for spectroscopy and accommodates multiple endstations simultaneously. The second branchline features a photoemission electron microscope, A novel feature of the beamline is the ability to produce linearly polarized radiation at arbitrary, user-selectable angles. Applications of the new beamline are also described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Young, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02002622 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500085 ER PT J AU Groso, A Margaritondo, G Hwu, Y Tsai, WL Je, JH Lai, B AF Groso, A Margaritondo, G Hwu, Y Tsai, WL Je, JH Lai, B TI Photon energy dependence of phase contrast synchrotron light imaging SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HARD X-RAYS; RADIATION; REFRACTION; MICROSCOPY AB The changes in phase contrast X-ray images as the photon energy is changed were observed and analyzed. Such results were justified in part with a preliminary model based on the interplay of refraction and absorption effects. The observed change may open up interesting opportunities for chemical analysis based on phase contrast images taken at different absorption edges. C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Groso, A (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02002658 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500088 ER PT J AU Takenaka, H Nagai, K Ito, H Ichimaru, S Sakuma, T Namikawa, K Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, E Perera, CC AF Takenaka, H Nagai, K Ito, H Ichimaru, S Sakuma, T Namikawa, K Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, E Perera, CC TI Soft X-ray reflectivity and thermal stability of CoCr/C multilayer X-ray mirrors SO SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics (VUV-13) CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL TRIESTE, ITALY ID SPECTROMICROSCOPY; MO/SI AB The development of highly reflective multilayer mirrors for use in the wavelength region around 6 nm is desired for X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for inner-shell excitation using a Schwarzschild objective. For this application, reflectivity is the most critical parameter determining the performance of multilayer mirrors, because the reflectivity of multilayers in the 6 nm region is generally very low. We have designed CoCr/C multilayer mirrors with a comparatively high reflectivity at around normal incidence and have fabricated them by magnetron sputtering. The measured peak reflectivity is about 16% at a wavelength of around 6 nm and an incident angle of 88degrees. The reflectivity remains almost constant for 4 h under 300degreesC in an Ar atmosphere. C1 NTT Adv Technol Co, Toukai, Ibaraki 3191193, Japan. Tokyo Gakugei Univ, Koganei, Tokyo 1848501, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Mitazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Takenaka, H (reprint author), NTT Adv Technol Co, Toukai, Ibaraki 3191193, Japan. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-625X J9 SURF REV LETT JI Surf. Rev. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 593 EP 596 DI 10.1142/S0218625X02002701 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 589JE UT WOS:000177754500093 ER PT J AU Baddorf, AP Jahns, V Zehner, DM Zajonz, H Gibbs, D AF Baddorf, AP Jahns, V Zehner, DM Zajonz, H Gibbs, D TI Relaxation and thermal expansion of Ru(0001) between 300 and 1870 K and the influence of hydrogen SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; single crystal surfaces; low index single crystal surfaces; ruthenium; hydrogen atom ID CU FILMS; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; KINETICS AB The surface structure of Ru(0001) has been studied between 300 and 1870 K using X-ray diffraction. At 300 K, the outermost layer is contracted by 2.2(4)%, in agreement with the value determined by low-energy electron diffraction studies, but about half that predicted by ab initio calculations, H-adsorption appears to introduce disorder through an increased surface Debye-Waller factor and an increased step density, but does not significantly alter the interlayer spacing. Temperature-dependent studies of the clean surface structure indicate a thermal expansion of the first three interlayer distances that is slightly smaller than that of the bulk, accompanied by increasing vibrational motion comparable to that of the bulk. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Baddorf, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 3025, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 498 IS 1-2 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01657-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 521FD UT WOS:000173827800014 ER PT J AU Okada, M Flach, B Hulpke, E Steinhogl, W Plummer, EW AF Okada, M Flach, B Hulpke, E Steinhogl, W Plummer, EW TI Shifting the surface Kohn anomaly of H-saturated Mo(110) by alloying the bulk with Re SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alloys; molybdenum ID ELECTRONIC TOPOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS; ATOM-SCATTERING; W(110) SURFACE; HYDROGEN AB The topology of the Fermi surface of a pure transition metal can be manipulated by the formation of a random alloy with a similar metal. The giant anomaly in the helium atom inelastic scattering spectra is used to probe the alloying-induced changes in the two-dimensional Fermi surface nesting. The critical wave vector of the giant anomaly is systematically shifted for the H-saturated (110) surface of the random alloy Mo1-xRex, by varying x (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.25). Here, it is demonstrated that the giant anomaly is quite sensitive to changes in the Fermi topology induced by alloying. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Max Planck Inst Stromungsforsch, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37731 USA. RP Plummer, EW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, 401 AH Nielsen Phys Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 498 IS 1-2 BP L78 EP L84 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01490-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 521FD UT WOS:000173827800003 ER PT J AU McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW Ferraro, JR Dietz, ML AF McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW Ferraro, JR Dietz, ML TI Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of P,P '-di[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyl] methylenediphosphonic acid SO SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY IN INORGANIC AND METAL-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; EXTRACTION; AGGREGATION; FREQUENCIES; GEOMETRY AB The silicon-substituted diphosphonic acid P,P'-di[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyl] methylenediphosphonic acid, H2DTMSP[MDP], reacts with metal nitrates in methanol to form complexes M-2(DTMSP[MDP])(3) for M = Fe, Eu and Yb and M(DTMSP[MDP])(2) for M = Th. The sodium salt, Na-2(DTMSP[MDP]), forms upon neutralization of H2DTMSP[MDP] with NaOH, The calcium salt, Ca(DTMSP[MDP]), forms upon addition of the aqueous metal nitrate to an equivalent amount of the neutralized ligand in methanol. Elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements were used to characterize the compounds. Frequency shifts in the asymmetric and symmetric POO- stretching bands of the Fe, Eu, Yb and Th compounds indicate symmetrical coordination of the phosphonate groups through chelate and/or bridging interactions. The frequency difference between these stretching bands becomes smaller as the ionic potential (e/r) of the metal ion increases. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0094-5714 J9 SYN REACT INORG MET JI Synth. React. Inorganic Met.-Org. Chem. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1081/SIM-120003208 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 542EG UT WOS:000175030100006 ER PT J AU Sewell, MM Davis, MF Tuskan, GA Wheeler, NC Elam, CC Bassoni, DL Neale, DB AF Sewell, MM Davis, MF Tuskan, GA Wheeler, NC Elam, CC Bassoni, DL Neale, DB TI Identification of QTLs influencing wood property traits in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). II. Chemical wood properties SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda L.; QTL mapping; wood chemistry; alpha-cellulose; hemicellulose; lignin ID OUTBRED PEDIGREE; LINKAGE MAPS; LOCI; SPECTROSCOPY; CONSTRUCTION; POPULUS AB Chemical wood property traits were analyzed for the presence of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a three-generation outbred pedigree of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). These traits were assayed using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry and include mass spectrum peak intensities associated with carbohydrates, a-cellulose and hemicellulose sugars, and lignin. Models for projection to latent structures (PLS) were used to also estimate the chemical composition of cell walls (i.e., a-cellulose, galactan and lignin) from mass spectrum data using multivariate regression. Both earlywood and latewood fractions from the fifth annual ring were analyzed for each trait. An interval mapping approach designed for an outbred pedigree was used to estimate the number of QTLs, the magnitude of QTL effects, and their genomic position. Eight unique QTLs influencing cell wall chemistry were detected from multiple peak intensities and/or PLS estimates using the one- and two- QTL models. Significant differences in chemical contents were observed among the populations from North Carolina vs Oklahoma, and results from QTLxenvironment analyses suggest that QTLs interact with environmental location. QTLs should be verified in larger experiments and in different genetic and environmental back-grounds. QTL mapping will help towards eventually identifying genes having a major effect on chemical wood properties. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, George Staebler Res Ctr, Centralia, WA 98531 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 34 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2-3 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1007/s001220100697 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 530UB UT WOS:000174376400008 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA AF Rodriguez, JA TI Orbital-band interactions and the reactivity of molecules on oxide surfaces: from explanations to predictions SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Review DE oxides; density functional calculations; adsorption; catalysis ID SOLID-SOLUTION CATALYSTS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MIXED-METAL OXIDES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TIO2(110) SURFACE; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; CO CHEMISORPTION; OXYGEN VACANCIES; MGO(001) SURFACE AB The surface chemistry of oxides is relevant for many technological applications: catalysis, photoelectrolysis, electronic-device fabrication, prevention of corrosion, sensor development, etc. This article reviews recent theoretical works that deal with the surface chemistry of oxides. The account begins with a discussion of results for the adsorption of CO and NO on oxides, systems which have been extensively, studied in the literature and constitute an ideal benchmark for testing the quality of different levels of theory. Then, systematic studies concerned with the behavior of adsorbied alkali metals and sulfur-containing molecules are presented. Finally, a correlation between the electronic and chemical properties of mixed-metal oxides is analyzed and basic principles for designing chemically active oxides are introduced. Advances in theoretical methods and computer capabilities have made possible a fundamental understanding of many phenomena associated with the chemistry of molecules on oxide surfaces. Still many problems in this area remain as a challenge, and the approximate nature of most theoretical methods makes necessary a close coupling between theory and experiment. Following this multidisciplinary approach, the importance of band-orbital interactions for the reactivity of oxide surfaces has become clear. Simple models based on band-orbital mixing can explain trends found for the interaction of many adsorbates with oxide surfaces. These simple models provide a conceptual framework for modifying or controlling the chemical activity of pure oxides and for engineering mixed-metal oxides. In this respect, theoretical calculations can be very useful for predicting the best ways for enhancing the reactivity of oxide systems and reducing the waste of time, energy and materials characteristic of an empirical design. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 108 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 3 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s00214-001-0315-9 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 536LL UT WOS:000174701500001 ER PT J AU Contreras, MA Romero, MJ Hasoon, BTE Noufi, R Ward, S Ramanathan, K AF Contreras, MA Romero, MJ Hasoon, BTE Noufi, R Ward, S Ramanathan, K TI Optimization of CBD CdS process in high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se-2-based solar cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E-MRS 2001 Spring Meeting CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE CdS; chemical bath deposition (CBD); Cu(In,Ga)Se-2; (CIGS); quantum efficiency; photovoltaic AB We present an optimization of the US chemical bath deposition process as applied to high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 photovoltaic thin-film absorber materials. Specifically, we investigated deposition time (thickness), bath temperature (65, 80 and 90degreesC) and a Cd2+ partial-electrolyte treatment of the chalcopyrite absorber prior to US deposition. We found that thinner US layers (grown on as-deposited absorbers) allowing more light to reach the junction are not necessarily conducive to higher short-circuit current density. Device performance was found to be dependent on the CdS layer thickness, but rather independent of the growth temperature. On the other hand, devices prepared from absorbers subjected to a Cd2+ partial electrolyte treatment show that the device performance dependence on US thickness is somewhat alleviated, and devices incorporating thinner US layers are possible without loss of parameters, such as open-circuit voltage and fill factor. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Contreras, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 177 Z9 181 U1 4 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 403 BP 204 EP 211 AR PII S0040-6090(01)01538-3 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01538-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 525DQ UT WOS:000174053800041 ER PT J AU Aroutiounian, VM Maroutyan, KR Zatikyan, AL Touryan, KJ AF Aroutiounian, VM Maroutyan, KR Zatikyan, AL Touryan, KJ TI Calculations of the reflectance of porous silicon and other antireflection coating to silicon solar cells SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT E-MRS 2001 Spring Meeting CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE porous silicon; reflectance; optical matrix method; gradient in porosity ID PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SURFACE; LAYERS; DESIGN; FILMS AB Calculations of the reflectance for antireflection coating (ARC) made of porous silicon (PSi) were carried out. Although PSi has been the focus of interest in the last few years, a satisfactory model for calculation of its reflectance features is still absent. A combination of the optical matrix method and a graded-band gap model of PSi. which takes into account the gradient in porosity, has recently been suggested. Calculations based on the optical matrix method were carried out also for well-known ARC like MgF2, ZnS and Ta2O5 in order to prove the feasibility of the method. Good agreement with experimental data was found for all ARC types. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yerevan State Univ, Yerevan 375049, Armenia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Aroutiounian, VM (reprint author), Yerevan State Univ, Yerevan 375049, Armenia. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD FEB 1 PY 2002 VL 403 BP 517 EP 521 AR PII S0040-6090(01)01650-9 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01650-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 525DQ UT WOS:000174053800101 ER PT J AU Wallstrom, TC Christie, MA Durlofsky, LJ Sharp, DH AF Wallstrom, TC Christie, MA Durlofsky, LJ Sharp, DH TI Effective flux boundary conditions for upscaling porous media equations SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Upscaling Downunder CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA DE scale up; effective flux boundary conditions AB We introduce a new algorithm for setting pressure boundary conditions in subgrid simulations of porous media flow. The algorithm approximates the flux in the boundary cell as the flux through a homogeneous inclusion in a homogeneous background, where the permeability of the inclusion is given by the cell permeability and the permeability of the background is given by the ambient effective permeability. With this approximation, the flux in the boundary cell scales with the cell permeability when that permeability is small, and saturates at a constant value when that permeability is large. The flux conditions provide Neumann boundary conditions for the subgrid pressure. We call these boundary conditions effective flux boundary conditions (EFBCs). We give solutions for the flux through ellipsoidal inclusions in two and three dimensions, assuming symmetric tensor permeabilities whose principal axes align with the axes of the ellipse. We then discuss the considerations involved in applying these equations to scale up problems in geological porous media. The key complications are heterogeneity, fluctuations at all length scales, and boundary conditions at finite scales. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Chevron Petr Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Wallstrom, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD FEB PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1015075210265 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 540PN UT WOS:000174937500003 ER PT J AU Wallstrom, TC Hou, S Christie, MA Durlofsky, LJ Sharp, DH Zou, Q AF Wallstrom, TC Hou, S Christie, MA Durlofsky, LJ Sharp, DH Zou, Q TI Application of effective flux boundary conditions to two-phase upscaling in porous media SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Upscaling Downunder CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA DE scale up; two-phase flow; relative permeabilities; pressure boundary conditions; waterfloods; displacement processes ID SCALE-UP; RENORMALIZATION; PERMEABILITY; FLOW AB A new algorithm is introduced for upscaling relative permeabilities, and tested in simulations of two-dimensional reservoir displacement processes. The algorithm is similar to existing algorithms for computing upscaled relative permeabilities from subgrid simulations, but uses new boundary conditions for the pressure field. The new 'effective flux boundary conditions' were introduced in a previous paper and provide a more accurate estimate of flux through high permeability channels. The algorithm was tested in conjunction with uniform grid coarsening and upscaled absolute permeabilities for a broad range of coarsenings. The permeability fields were highly heteroge-neous and layered, and were obtained from synthetic data and from conditioned realizations of actual oil reservoirs. The algorithm was tested for a wide variety of grid aspect ratios, and for both viscous-and gravity-dominated flow. Typical fine grids were of the order of 100x100 cells; the coarsest scaled-up grids were on the order of 5x5 cells. The quality of scale up was evaluated by comparing oil cut curves for the fine and coarse grid simulations. We consistently obtained excellent agreement, even at the coarsest levels of scale up. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Chevron Petr Technol Co, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Wallstrom, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD FEB PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1015003527103 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 540PN UT WOS:000174937500004 ER PT J AU Apple, M Tiekotter, K Snow, M Young, J Soeldner, A Phillips, D Tingey, D Bond, BJ AF Apple, M Tiekotter, K Snow, M Young, J Soeldner, A Phillips, D Tingey, D Bond, BJ TI Needle anatomy changes with increasing tree age in Douglas-fir SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Aging in Pacific Northwest Forests CY OCT 19, 2000 CL OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OREGON SP Western Regional Ctr, Nat Inst Global Environm Change HO OREGON STATE UNIV DE astrosclereids; cells; lignin; needles; structure ID SECONDARY METABOLITES; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; EXCHANGE; PINE AB Morphological differences between old-growth trees and saplings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) may extend to differences in needle anatomy. We used microscopy with image analysis to compare and quantify anatomical parameters in cross sections of previous-year needles of old-growth Douglas-fir trees and saplings at the Wind River Canopy Crane site in Washington and at three sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. We also compared needle anatomy across a chronosequence of 10-, 20-, 40- and 450-year-old Douglas-fir trees from the Wind River site. Anatomy differed significantly between needles of old-growth trees and saplings at all sites, suggesting a developmental change in needle anatomy with increasing tree age. Compared with needles of old-growth trees, needles of saplings were longer and had proportionately smaller vascular cylinders, larger resin canals and few hypodermal cells. Astrosclereids, which sequester lignin in their secondary cell walls and occupy space otherwise filled by photosynthetic cells, were scarce in needles of saplings but abundant in needles of old-growth trees. Needles of old-growth trees had an average of 11% less photosynthetic mesophyll area than needles of saplings. The percentage of non-photosynthetic area in needles increased significantly with increasing tree age from the chronosequence of 10-, 20-, 40- and 450-year-old trees at the Wind River site. This reduction in photosynthetic area may contribute to decreased growth rates in old trees. C1 Univ Portland, Portland, OR 97203 USA. US DOE, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Apple, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 10 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 522TN UT WOS:000173913200007 PM 11830409 ER PT J AU Mugele, F Persson, B Zilberman, S Nitzan, A Salmeron, M AF Mugele, F Persson, B Zilberman, S Nitzan, A Salmeron, M TI Frictional properties of straight-chain alcohols and the dynamics of layering transitions SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 221st National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE surface forces apparatus; thin liquid films; layering transition; chain alcohols; boundary lubrication ID MOLECULARLY THIN-LAYERS; SIMPLE LIQUIDS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CONFINED FILMS; SQUEEZE-OUT; SHEAR; MONOLAYERS; APPARATUS; PRESSURE; AU(111) AB We used a surface forces apparatus to investigate layering transitions and frictional properties of chain alcohol films. All but the last two monolayers, strongly bound to each mica surface can be removed by squeezing. Unlike other systems however, chain alcohol films of undecanol and octanol were found to retain their bulk-like lubrication properties down to a thickness of only one (bi)layer. The transition where this last molecularly thin liquid layer is expelled from the gap proceeds in less than one second. From two-dimensional snapshots of the contact area during the expulsion process, we find that the boundary line between the areas of initial and final film thickness bends and roughens as it moves across the contact area. In the final state, we frequently find pockets of trapped liquid. Both the bending and roughening of the boundary line and the trapped pockets are due to a dynamic instability that we describe with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The length scale of the roughening is determined by an elastic line tension. C1 Univ Ulm, Abt Angew Phys, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Univ Ulm, Abt Angew Phys, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM frieder.mugele@physik.uni-ulm.de RI Abraham, Nitzan/A-9963-2008; Mugele, Frieder/A-5225-2017 OI Mugele, Frieder/0000-0003-3824-3617 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 EI 1573-2711 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 AR UNSP 1023-8883/02/0200-0123/0 DI 10.1023/A:1014022406110 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 536NR UT WOS:000174709300008 ER PT J AU Weierstall, U Chen, Q Spence, JCH Howells, MR Isaacson, M Panepucci, RR AF Weierstall, U Chen, Q Spence, JCH Howells, MR Isaacson, M Panepucci, RR TI Image reconstruction from electron and X-ray diffraction patterns using iterative algorithms: experiment and simulation SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID PHASE RETRIEVAL; FOURIER; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MAGNITUDE; RECOVERY; SUPPORT AB The hybrid input-output iterative algorithm, which solves the phase problem for scattering from non-periodic objects, is reviewed for application to X-ray and electron diffraction data. Desirable convex constraints, including the sign of the scattering potential for electrons, and compact support, are discussed. The cases of complex and real exit-face wavefunctions, strong and weak phase objects, various supports, and the use of coherent focussed radiation are reviewed. Reconstruction of general complex objects requires accurate knowledge of the support, which should consist of two holes or a triangle in an opaque mask. The support boundaries should be as sharp as possible. Strong phase objects without absorption can be recovered if the support consists of one hole, is accurately known and has sufficiently sharp boundaries. Real and weak phase objects with absorption can be recovered without accurate knowledge of the support area if the support boundaries are sufficiently sharp and the support consists of one or more holes. A sign constraint on the scattering potential is used to recover weak phase objects. The experimental realization of theoretically desirable support conditions is discussed. A two-stage method of finding the support for complex objects is proposed. Experimental results from applying the Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup HiO-algorithm to coherent electron diffraction patterns are presented, using specially made e-beam lithographed support structures. Images with a resolution of about 5 nm are thus recovered from the intensities alone in coherent electron diffraction patterns from non-periodic objects. Limitations of the present experiments are identified and suggestions made for development of both X-ray and electron work. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanofabricat Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Weierstall, U (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011; Chen, Qing/C-9010-2009 OI Chen, Qing/0000-0002-7919-5159 NR 37 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD FEB PY 2002 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 171 EP 195 AR PII S0304-3991(01)00134-6 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(01)00134-6 PG 25 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 537GA UT WOS:000174749500010 PM 11942636 ER PT J AU Ishak, CF Seaman, JC Miller, WP Sumner, M AF Ishak, CF Seaman, JC Miller, WP Sumner, M TI Contaminant mobility in soils amended with fly ash and flue-gas gypsum: Intact soil cores and repacked columns SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE arsenic; boron; coal combustion byproducts; flue-gasdesulfurization gypsum; fly ash; gypsum; water dispersible clay; water holding capacity ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; MICRO-PIPETTE METHOD; GROWTH; AMENDMENT; BORON AB The impact of the land application of coal combustion by-products, fly ash (FA) and flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (FDG), to coarse-textured soils of the southeastern U.S.A. was investigated using batch and dynamic column techniques. Two FA samples, one an alkaline FA (Alk-FA) and the other an acidic FA (Acid-FA), were evaluated alone and in combination with FDG as soil amendments to an Appling loamy sand (Typic Hapludults). The effects of these waste products on clay dispersion, soil hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)) and the migration of contaminants such as Arsenic (As) and Boron (B) were studied using intact soil cores and repacked soil columns. FA or combinations of FA + FDG were applied to the surface of intact soil cores (10 Mg ha(-1)) and repacked soil columns or incorporated within repacked soil columns. The columns were saturated and then leached for a prescribed number of pore volumes to simulate leaching conditions in the field. Effluent pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and turbidity were monitored and leachate fractions were collected for B, As, Ca, Mg, K and Na analysis. Both FA materials were ineffective at decreasing the inherent dispersibility of clay from the A(p) horizon in batch tests. In fact, high application rates of the Alk-FA induced some clay dispersion in the well-flocculated B(t) soil materials, and column results suggest that incorporating the Alk-FA within the surface soil may actually reduce K(sat). In contrast, treatments with FDG were highly effective at inducing rapid clay flocculation in batch tests and eliminating effluent turbidity for intact and repacked soil columns. Boron was readily mobile from both intact and repacked soil columns, a majority of which leached from the columns within the first three pore volumes. Boron leaching was greater for combined treatments (FA + FDG), possibly indicative of enhanced solubilization in the presence of FDG or sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) competition for sorption sites. Arsenic levels present in the leachates from FA and FDG columns were generally lower than control columns and roughly correlated with effluent turbidity. Combined treatments (FA + FDG) enhanced Mg and K leaching due to the added competition of Ca for cation exchange sites. Following leaching, the intact soil cores were sectioned at 5 cm intervals and the pH and EC of the soil, as well as the vertical distribution of As and B, were determined. Levels of residual As were only slightly higher in the upper section of the FA-amended columns, showing little downward movement, but no clear trend in residual B was observed due to its greater mobility. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Univ Pertanian Malaysia, Dept Soil Sci, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Seaman, JC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM seaman@srel.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 134 IS 1-4 BP 287 EP 305 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 520VV UT WOS:000173803800017 ER PT J AU Zhang, DX Lu, ZM AF Zhang, DX Lu, ZM TI Stochastic analysis of flow in a heterogeneous unsaturated-saturated system SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stochastic; saturated; unsaturated; flow; heterogeneity; multiscale ID STEADY-STATE FLOW; ANISOTROPIC POROUS FORMATIONS; SOIL HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; VELOCITY COVARIANCE; LOCALIZED ANALYSES; TRANSIENT FLOW; FIELD-SCALE; MEDIA; NONSTATIONARY AB In this study we develop a stochastic model for transient unsaturated-saturated flow in randomly heterogeneous media with the method of moment equations. We first derive partial differential equations governing the statistical moments of the flow quantities by perturbation expansions and then implement these equations under general conditions with the method of finite differences. The stochastic model developed is applicable to the entire domain of a bourided, multidimensional unsaturated-saturated system in the presence of random or deterministic recharge and sink/source and in the presence of multiscale, nonstationary medium features. The unsaturated and saturated zones are coupled through the water table, whose position is random in randomly heterogeneous porous media. The presence of the water table renders the flow moments strongly nonstationary even in the absence of medium nonstationary features. This finding is confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations. The resulting first two moments of flow may be used to approximate confidence intervals for the flow quantities. In addition, the integrated stochastic flow model provides the prerequisite quantities for realistically studying contaminant transport in unsaturated-saturated systems with a stochastic approach. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM donzhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994 NR 53 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 AR 1018 DI 10.1029/2001WR000515 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 559RU UT WOS:000176039800010 ER PT J AU Gautesen, AK AF Gautesen, AK TI Scattering of a Rayleigh wave by an elastic three-quarter space SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID WEDGE AB The steady state problem of [be scattering of an incident Rayleigh wave by an elastic three-quarter space (270 degrees wedge) is considered. The problem is reduced to the numerical solution of a pair of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The kernels of these equations consist of elementary functions. The reflection and transmission coefficients can be computed from two independent equations. which provides a check on both the accuracy and correctness of the results. The method used can be extended to other wedge angles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gautesen, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, 136 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD FEB PY 2002 VL 35 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(01)00085-3 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 500DW UT WOS:000172611500001 ER PT J AU Lee, GY Dharan, CKH Ritchie, RO AF Lee, GY Dharan, CKH Ritchie, RO TI A physically-based abrasive wear model for composite materials SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE composites; abrasive wear; fracture toughness; reinforcement size ID ALUMINUM-MATRIX COMPOSITES; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; MULTIPHASE MATERIALS; REINFORCED ALUMINUM; RESISTANCE; PARTICLES AB A simple physically-based model for the abrasive wear of composite materials is presented based on the mechanics and mechanisms associated with sliding wear in soft (ductile)- matrix composites containing hard (brittle) reinforcement particles. The model is based on the assumption that any portion of the reinforcement that is removed as wear debris cannot contribute to the wear resistance of the matrix material. The size of this non-contributing portion (NCP) of reinforcement is estimated by modeling three primary wear mechanisms, specifically, plowing, cracking at the matrix/reinforcement interface or in the reinforcement, and particle removal. Critical variables describing the role of the reinforcement, such as relative size, fracture toughness and the nature of the matrix/reinforcement interface, are characterized by a single contribution coefficient, C. Predictions are compared with the results of experimental two-body (pin-on-drum) abrasive wear tests performed on a model aluminum particulate-reinforced epoxy-matrix composite material. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dharan, CKH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD FEB PY 2002 VL 252 IS 3-4 BP 322 EP 331 AR PII S0043-1648(01)00896-1 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00896-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 524HM UT WOS:000174007200016 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DM AF Hoffman, DM TI Dynamic mechanical signatures of a polyester-urethane and plastic-bonded explosives based on this polymer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plastic-bonded explosives; polyurethane binder; dynamic mechanical analysis; differential scanning calorimetry; coefficient of expansion ID SEGMENTED POLYURETHANES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; ELASTOMERS; DSC; BEHAVIOR; SOFT AB The complex shear moduli of the segmented polyurethane Estane 5703p, Livermore explosive (LX)-14, and plastic bonded explosive (PBX)-9501, which use this polymer as a binder, have been investigated. Segmented polyurethanes, such as Estane 5703, contain microphase-separated hard segments in a rubbery matrix of soft segments. LX-14 is composed of 95.5% 1,3,5,7-tetranitroazacyclooctane (HMX) explosive with 4.5% Estane 5703 binder. PBX-9501 is composed of 94.9% HMX, 2.5% Estane 5703p binder, 2.5% nitroplasticizer (NP), and about 0.1% antioxidant Irganox 1010. In the temperature range from -150 to 120 degreesC, two relaxations were observed as peaks in the loss modulus and tangent delta in Estane 5703p and LX-14. A third relaxation was found in PBX-9501. The low temperature relaxation associated with vitrification of the poly(ester urethane) soft segment occurred in the shear loss modulus (G ") at -29 and -26 degreesC in Estane and LX-14, respectively, at 1 Hz. In PBX-9501 the Estane soft segment glass transition peak, T-g(SS), in the loss modulus occurred at -40 +/- 3 degreesC at 1 Hz. The reduction in soft segment glass transition in PBX-9501 is clear evidence of plasticization of the soft segment by NP. The apparent activation energy of the maximum in the loss modulus for LX-14 and PBX-9501 over the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 Hz was 230 kJ/mole (55 kcal/mole). The hard segment glass transition, T-g(HS), was observed as a peak in the loss modulus at about 70 degreesC. In LX-14 the transition was observed at lower temperatures (56-58 degreesC at I Hz) depending on thermal history. There was a low temperature shoulder on the T-g(HS) of Estane 5703 associated with soft segment crystallinity. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) was used to verify the T-g(HS) in Estane and 50/50 mixtures of Estane with NP. In PBX-9501 the hard segment glass transition occurred between 65 and 72 degreesC. The presence of NP in PBX-9501 gave rise to a new transition, T-eu(NP), between 8 and 15 degreesC. This peak is believed to be associated with the eutectic melting of the plasticizer. Returns of fielded PBX-9501 that were 6 and 11 years old were also measured, Small variations in T-g(SS) and the rubber plateau modulus were observed in these aged samples, consistent with migration of plasticizer and/or very low levels of chain scission. (C) 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hoffman, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1009 EP 1024 DI 10.1002/app.2281 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 500RM UT WOS:000172640600009 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, K Dobbs, KD AF Sohlberg, K Dobbs, KD TI Origin of side bands in the FTIR spectrum of acetone oxime vinyl ether SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE N-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-p-plienylenediamine; acetone oxime vinyl ether; vibrational frequencies; density functional theory; molecular electronics ID INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR-WIRE; APPROXIMATION; CONDUCTANCE; BEHAVIOR; ENERGY AB The origin of two minor but enigmatic side bands in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) of acetone oxime vinyl ether is resolved with density functional theory calculations. A comparison of vibrational frequencies as computed with Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field theory and density functional theory is carried out for acetone oxime vinyl ether, and N-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-p-phenylenediamine. Implications for molecular electronics are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.N. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. DuPont Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Sohlberg, K (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 577 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(01)00662-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 514FQ UT WOS:000173428400005 ER PT J AU Bester, G Meyer, B Fahnle, M Fu, CL AF Bester, G Meyer, B Fahnle, M Fu, CL TI Dominant thermal defects in B2-FeAl SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE B2-FeAl; atomic defects; ab initio statistical mechanics; magnetic susceptibility measurements ID ATOMIC DEFECTS; AB-INITIO; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; ORDERED COMPOUNDS; FEAL; ALUMINIDES; VACANCIES; DIFFUSION AB It is shown within the framework of the ab initio statistical mechanics that the triple defect formation is not the dominant thermal excitation in stoichiometric B2-FeAl, at least at low temperatures. Therefore the customary type or analysis of magnetic susceptibility measurements exclusively in terms of triple defects may yield erroneous results for the concentration of Fe vacancies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, Inst Phys, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Met Res, Inst Phys, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM faeh@physix.mpi-stuttgart.mpg.de RI Bester, Gabriel/I-4414-2012 OI Bester, Gabriel/0000-0003-2304-0817 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 323 IS 1-2 BP 487 EP 490 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01523-4 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 516WM UT WOS:000173579800063 ER PT J AU Tsai, MS Bogart, DF Li, P Mehmi, I Lupu, R AF Tsai, MS Bogart, DF Li, P Mehmi, I Lupu, R TI Expression and regulation of Cyr61 in human breast cancer cell lines SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE Cyr61; estradiol; tamoxifen; ICI-182; 780; regulation; breast cancer ID IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; VEIN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ACID RECEPTOR-ALPHA; RETINOIC ACID; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; PHORBOL ESTER AB We have shown that Cyr61, an angiogenic regulator, is overexpressed in invasive and metastatic human breast cancer cells and tumor biopsies. We have further demonstrated that Cyr61 promotes acquisition of estrogen-independence and anti-estrogen resistance in vivo in breast cancer cells. Moreover, we have demonstrated that Cyr61 induces tumor formation and tumor vascularization in vivo, events mediated through the activation of the MAPK and the Akt signaling pathways. Here we investigate how Cyr61 expression is regulated in both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that Cyr61 mRNA and protein expression is inducible by estrogen and anti-estrogens in ER-positive breast cancer cells. We show that a labile protein as well as a negative regulator might be involved in Cyr61 expression in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells. Other important regulators of Cyr61 expression in breast cancer cells that we found are the phorbol ester TPA, vitamin D, and retinoic acid. TPA causes positive regulation of Cyr61 expression in ER-positive MCF-7 cells. Vitamin D induces a transient stimulatory effect on Cyr61 gene expression. Lastly, retinoic acid has a negative effect on Cyr61 expression and downregulates its expression in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, most of these effects are not seen in aggressive breast cancer cells that do not express ER and express high levels of Cyr61, such as the MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results are in agreement with our knowledge that Cyr61 promotes tumor growth, and that tumor-promoting agents have a positive impact on cells that express low, levels of Cyr61, such as the ER-positive breast cancer cells; however, these agents have no significant effect on cells that express high levels of Cyr61. Our findings suggest an association between increased Cyr61. expression and an aggressive phenotype of breast cancer cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lupu, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 49049] NR 41 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 964 EP 973 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1205131 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 514FC UT WOS:000173427100012 PM 11840342 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, HP AF de Oliveira, HP TI Density perturbations in warm inflation and COBE normalization SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL PERTURBATIONS; MODELS; STAGE; WAVES AB Starting from a gauge invariant treatment of perturbations an analytical expression for the spectrum of long wavelength density perturbations in warm inflation is derived. The adiabatic and entropy modes are exhibited explicitly. As an application of the analytical results, we determined the observational constraint for the dissipation term compatible with COBE observation of the cosmic microwave radiation anisotropy for some specific models. In view of the results the feasibility of warm inflation is discussed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Teor, BR-20550013 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP de Oliveira, HP (reprint author), NASA, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 31 PY 2002 VL 526 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01496-4 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 518CP UT WOS:000173649300001 ER PT J AU Scheibe, TD Richmond, MC AF Scheibe, TD Richmond, MC TI Fish individual-based numerical simulator (FINS): a particle-based model of juvenile salmonid movement and dissolved gas exposure history in the Columbia River basin SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE transport; migration; fish; hydrodynamics; dissolved gas; random walk; particle model; individual-based; salmonids; Columbia River ID RAINBOW-TROUT; MIGRATION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; SMOLTS; DAM AB This paper describes a numerical model of juvenile salmonid movements in the Columbia and Snake Rivers. The model, called the Fish Individual-based Numerical Simulator or FINS, employs a discrete, particle-based approach to simulate the movements and history of exposure to dissolved gases of individual fish. FINS is linked to a two-dimensional (vertically-averaged) hydrodynamic simulator that quantifies local water velocity, temperature, and dissolved gas levels as a function of river flow rates and dam operations. Simulated gas exposure histories can be input to biological mortality models to predict the effects of various river configurations on fish injury and mortality due to dissolved gas supersaturation. Therefore, FINS serves as a critical linkage between hydrodynamic models of the river system and models of biological effects. FINS model parameters were based on observations of individual fish movements collected using radiotelemetry methods during 1997 and 1998. A quasi-inverse approach was used to decouple fish swimming movements from advection with the local water velocity, allowing inference of time series of non-advective displacements of individual fish from the radiotelemetry data. Statistical analyzes of these displacements confirm that strong temporal correlation of fish swimming behavior persists in some cases over several hours. A correlated random-walk model was employed to simulate the observed behavior, and parameters of the model were estimated that lead to close correspondence between predictions and observations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Scheibe, TD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008; Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772; Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485 NR 47 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 30 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 3 BP 233 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00424-0 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 517CA UT WOS:000173592500004 ER PT J AU Crozier, PS Rowley, RL AF Crozier, PS Rowley, RL TI Activity coefficient prediction by osmotic molecular dynamics SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; methods of calculation; molecular interactions; vapour-liquid equilibria; liquid-liquid equilibria; chemical potential ID INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIAL MODEL; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO DATA; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FREE-ENERGY; FLUID MIXTURES; CHEMICAL-POTENTIALS; POLYMERIC SYSTEMS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM; CHAIN MOLECULES AB The osmotic molecular dynamics method (OMD) is used to calculate activity coefficients for vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) and liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) predictions. The previously reported OMD methodology is refined and applied to mixtures of polar, structured molecular fluids. Other computer simulation approaches to phase equilibria prediction are discussed briefly, and comparison to recent Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) results is made. OMD-predicted activity coefficients are compared to experimentally-measured activity coefficients for six industrially-significant binary mixtures (methanol/n-hexane, n-hexane/n-pentane, chloroform/acetone, chloroform/methanol, methanol/water, chloroform/n-hexane). Molecular model inadequacies, especially cross-parameters between unlike molecules, are shown. A single cross-parameter for the acetone/chloroform binary is modified to produce good agreement with experimentally-measured activity coefficients. Also, OMD-derived LLE predictions are produced for the methanol/n-hexane system and compared with experimentally-measured LLE data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Crozier, PS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pscrozi@sandia.gov NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD JAN 30 PY 2002 VL 193 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00734-8 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 521MW UT WOS:000173845200005 ER PT J AU Zachos, C AF Zachos, C TI Deformation quantization: Quantum mechanics lives and works in phase-space SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID MODIFIED SPECTRAL METHOD; WIGNER-FUNCTION; HYDROGEN-ATOM; CANONICAL-TRANSFORMATIONS; SQUEEZED STATES; STAR-PRODUCTS; FIELD-THEORY; REPRESENTATION; FORMULATION; FUNDAMENTALS AB Wigner's quasi-probability distribution function in phase-space is a special (Weyl) representation of the density matrix. It has been useful in describing quantum transport in quantum optics; nuclear physics; decoherence (e.g. quantum computing); quantum chaos; "Welcher Weg" discussions; semiclassical limits. It is also of importance in signal processing. Nevertheless, a remarkable aspect of its internal logic, pioneered by Moyal, has only emerged in the last quarter-century: It furnishes a third, alternative, formulation of Quantum Mechanics, independent of the conventional Hilbert Space, or Path Integral formulations. In this logically complete and self-standing formulation, one need not choose sides - coordinate or momentum space. It works in full phase-space, accommodating the uncertainty principle. This is an introductory overview of the formulation with simple illustrations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zachos, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI zachos, cosmas/C-4366-2014 OI zachos, cosmas/0000-0003-4379-3875 NR 121 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD JAN 30 PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 297 EP 316 DI 10.1142/S0217751X02006079 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 526CM UT WOS:000174110900001 ER PT J AU Harpel, MR Larimer, FW Hartman, FC AF Harpel, MR Larimer, FW Hartman, FC TI Multifaceted roles of Lys166 of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as discerned by product analysis and chemical rescue of site-directed mutants SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RUBRUM RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; ACTIVE-SITE; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-ELIMINATION; SIDE REACTIONS; LYSYL RESIDUE; CO2 FIXATION AB Ab initio calculations [King, W. A., et al. (1998) Biochemistry, 37, 15414-15422] of an active-site mimic of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase suggest that active-site Lys166 plays a role in carboxylation in addition to its functions in the initial deprotonation and final protonation steps. To test this postulate, the turnover of 1-(3)H-labeled D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by impaired position-166 mutants was characterized. Although these mutants catalyze slow enolization of RuBP, most of the RuBP-enediol undergoes beta-elimination of phosphate to form 2,3-pentodiulose 5-phosphate, signifying deficiencies in normal carboxylation and oxygenation. Much of the remaining RuBP-enediol is carboxylated but forms pyruvate, rather than 3-phospho-D-glycerate, due to incapacity in protonation of the terminal aci-acid intermediate. As a further test of the postulate, the effects of subtle perturbation of the Lys166 side chain on the carboxylation/oxygenation partitioning ratio (tau) were determined. To eliminate a chemically reactive site, Cys58 was replaced by a seryl residue without any loss of activity. The virtually inactive K166C-C58S double mutant was chemically rescued by aminoethylation or aminopropylation to reinsert a lysyl-like side chain at position 166. Relative to the wild-type value, tau for the aminoethylated enzyme was increased by similar to30%, and tau for the aminopropylated enzyme was decreased by similar to80%. Thus, two lines of experimentation support the theoretically based conclusion for the importance of Lys166 in the reaction of RuBP-enediol with gaseous substrates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hartman, FC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ffh@ornl.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 29 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1390 EP 1397 DI 10.1021/bi011828g PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 517LM UT WOS:000173612100036 PM 11802742 ER PT J AU Hathorn, BC Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD AF Hathorn, BC Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD TI Molecular dynamics simulation of polymer nanoparticle collisions: Internal reorganization and translation-vibration coupling SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-COORDINATE ANALYSIS; COMPOSITE MICROPARTICLES; MACROMOLECULAR SYSTEMS; BLEND MICROPARTICLES; OPTICAL DIFFRACTION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; PARTICLES; SIZE; CRYSTALS AB The dynamics of collisions of polymer particles is discussed in some detail. Particular attention is paid to the development of inter- and intraparticle potentials and to the apparent oscillatory behavior in the center-of-mass separation coordinate for the two particles. It is shown that the center-of-mass separation coordinate is closely coupled to the other vibrational coordinates and that vibrations in the center-of-mass separation are coupled to the intraparticle reorganization, The high degree of coupling between the translational and vibrational motions leads to a large degree of translational to vibrational energy exchange and leads to a strong propensity of particle collisions to result in attachment and particle dimer formation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hathorn, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 29 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1102 EP 1108 DI 10.1021/ma011172z PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 515CQ UT WOS:000173478200067 ER PT J AU Retsos, H Terzis, AF Anastasiadis, SH Anastassopoulos, DL Toprakcioglu, C Theodorou, DN Smith, GS Menelle, A Gill, RE Hadziioannou, G Gallot, Y AF Retsos, H Terzis, AF Anastasiadis, SH Anastassopoulos, DL Toprakcioglu, C Theodorou, DN Smith, GS Menelle, A Gill, RE Hadziioannou, G Gallot, Y TI Mushrooms and brushes in thin films of diblock copolymer/homopolymer mixtures SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BLOCK COPOLYMER ADSORPTION; GRAFTED POLYSTYRENE CHAINS; ADSORBED POLYMER BRUSHES; CONSISTENT-FIELD MODEL; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; TETHERED CHAINS; GOOD SOLVENT; STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) AB The configuration of polymer chains end-adsorbed at a surface from the melt is probed by taking advantage of the interfacial segregation of diblock copolymers to the substrate/polymer interface from their mixtures with homopolymers in thin films as a function of the ratio of block lengths. The segment density profiles of either PV2P-PS or PMMA-PS diblocks adsorbed at the PS/substrate interface are evaluated by neutron reflectivity as a function of the relative size of the anchoring block vs that of the dangling block. Moreover, the composition profiles and conformational characteristics of all chain species present in the interfacial region are evaluated using a lattice-based self-consistent field model inspired by the work of Scheutjens and Fleer and extended to incorporate chain conformational stiffness. Inputs to the model are the molecular characteristics of the various species, interaction parameters extracted from experimental binary interfacial widths, and experimental data on the total surface excess. When the ratios of the block-lengths are changed, both experiment and theory reveal evidence for the existence of three regimes regarding the configuration of the dangling chains: a "wet brush" regime, a "mushroom" regime, and a broad transition regime in between. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. Univ Patras, Dept Phys, Rion 26500, Greece. Univ Patras, Dept Chem Engn, Rion 26500, Greece. Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Proc, Rion 26500, Greece. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA Saclay, CEA CNRS, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Groningen, Dept Chem, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Inst Charles Sadron, CRM EAHP, F-67083 Strasbourg, France. RP Anastasiadis, SH (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RI Anastasiadis, Spiros/D-2778-2009; OI Anastasiadis, Spiros/0000-0003-0936-1614; Theodorou, Doros/0000-0002-4763-9739 NR 84 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 29 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1116 EP 1132 DI 10.1021/ma011174j PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 515CQ UT WOS:000173478200069 ER PT J AU Alvarez-Garcia, J Perez-Rodriguez, A Barcones, B Romano-Rodriguez, A Morante, JR Janotti, A Wei, SH Scheer, R AF Alvarez-Garcia, J Perez-Rodriguez, A Barcones, B Romano-Rodriguez, A Morante, JR Janotti, A Wei, SH Scheer, R TI Polymorphism in CuInS2 epilayers: Origin of additional Raman modes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; EPITAXIAL CUINS2; ELECTRON-GAS; FILMS; TRANSITION; PHASES AB CuInS2 epitaxial films grown on Si(111) substrates at different conditions have been investigated. Transmission electron diffraction shows the coexistence of domains having the Cu-Au and chalcopyrite structure. X-ray diffraction analysis allows the estimation of the relative amount of the phase domains, which is dependent on the growth conditions of the films. The films also present additional modes in the Raman spectra, together with the ones that are chalcopyrite related. The relative intensity of the additional modes directly correlates with the estimated amount of Cu-Au ordered phase. This supports the interpretation that the additional Raman modes are related to Cu-Au ordered domains. Group theory analysis is in agreement with the symmetry of the observed modes. The phonon frequency of the Cu-Au assigned Raman mode is also in excellent agreement with the first-principles frozen-phonon calculations. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 CSIC, EME, Dept Elect, Unitat CNM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Alvarez-Garcia, J (reprint author), CSIC, EME, Dept Elect, Unitat CNM, Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM jalvarez@el.ub.es RI Romano-Rodriguez, Albert/C-7564-2012; Morante, J.R./A-4480-2014; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Romano-Rodriguez, Albert/0000-0002-4999-6588; Morante, J.R./0000-0002-4981-4633; Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 24 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 562 EP 564 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 515RE UT WOS:000173508900010 ER PT J AU Luo, B Johnson, JW Ren, F Allums, KK Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Dabiran, AM Wowchack, AM Polley, CJ Chow, PP Schoenfeld, D Baca, AG AF Luo, B Johnson, JW Ren, F Allums, KK Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Dabiran, AM Wowchack, AM Polley, CJ Chow, PP Schoenfeld, D Baca, AG TI Influence of Co-60 gamma-rays on dc performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN MODFETS; MODULATION AB AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different gate length and widths were irradiated with Co-60 gamma-rays to doses up to 600 Mrad. Little measurable change in dc performance of the devices was observed for doses lower than 300 Mrad. At the maximum dose employed, the forward gate current was significantly decreased, with an accompanying increase in reverse breakdown voltage. This is consistent with a decrease in effective carrier density in the channel as a result of the introduction of deep electron trapping states. The threshold voltage shifted to more negative voltages as a result of the irradiation, while the magnitude of the drain-source current was relatively unaffected. This is consistent with a strong increase of trap density in the material. The magnitude of the decrease in transconductance of the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is roughly comparable to the decrease in dc current gain observed in InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors irradiated under similar conditions. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Luo, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 17 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 604 EP 606 DI 10.1063/1.1445809 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 515RE UT WOS:000173508900024 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Young, JS Boatner, LA AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Young, JS Boatner, LA TI Irradiation-induced formation of nanoparticles in cadmium niobate pyrochlore SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Sequential irradiation with 3 MeV He+ and 10 MeV C3+ ions performed at T=150 K produces two separate amorphous buried layers in cadmium niobate pyrochlore single crystals. Further irradiation at room temperature results in the formation of nanometer-scale particles in the amorphized regions. An ion-cleaving technique was used to facilitate the observation of these nanoparticles by using scanning electron microscopy. Complete granulation with particle sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm was observed. X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry analysis indicates that the numerically large population of smaller particles (similar to50 nm) contains a high Cd content (similar to70%) and the numerically smaller population of larger particles (>100 nm) contains negligible Nb with a Cd-to-O ratio of about 1:0.54. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 670 EP 672 DI 10.1063/1.1445808 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 515RE UT WOS:000173508900046 ER PT J AU Zhu, K Schiff, EA Park, NG van de Lagemaat, J Frank, AJ AF Zhu, K Schiff, EA Park, NG van de Lagemaat, J Frank, AJ TI Determining the locus for photocarrier recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; TIO2; TRANSPORT; ELECTRONS; PHOTOVOLTAGE; PHOTOCURRENT; EFFICIENCY AB We present intensity-modulated photocurrent and infrared transmittance measurements on dye-sensitized solar cells based on a mesoporous titania (TiO2) matrix immersed in an iodine-based electrolyte. Under short-circuit conditions, we show that an elementary analysis accurately relates the two measurements. Under open-circuit conditions, infrared transmittance, and photovoltage measurements yield information on the characteristic depth at which electrons recombine with ions (the "locus of recombination"). For one particular series of samples recombination occurred near the substrate supporting the titania film, as opposed to homogeneously throughout the film. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhu, K (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; Park, Nam-Gyu/F-2477-2014; OI Schiff, Eric/0000-0002-4104-7038 NR 15 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 685 EP 687 DI 10.1063/1.1436533 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 515RE UT WOS:000173508900051 ER PT J AU Carpene, E Schaaf, P Han, M Lieb, KP Shinn, M AF Carpene, E Schaaf, P Han, M Lieb, KP Shinn, M TI Reactive surface processing by irradiation with excimer laser, Nd : YAG laser, free electron laser and Ti : sapphire laser in nitrogen atmosphere SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE laser nitriding; surface treatments ID IRON AB Surface coatings and thin films can be easily produced by irradiation of materials with short laser pulses in (reactive) gas atmospheres, e.g. nitrided iron and steel or AlN films on Al and its alloys by irradiation with an excimer laser in nitrogen atmosphere. For these treatments, various lasers with different wavelengths and time structures can be used. In addition to the experiments with excimer laser (pulse duration: 55 ns; wavelength: 308 nm), also the results of irradiations with Nd:YAG laser (pulse duration: 8 ns; wavelength: 1060 nm), free electron laser (FEL) (pulse duration: 2 ps; wavelength: 3 mum) and Ti:sapphire laser (pulse duration: 150 fs; wavelength: 750 nm) will be presented. The pulse duration varies from nanoseconds to femtoseconds and thus includes different laser interaction regimes. The results of the surface modifications and coating formation for the irradiation of different types of materials (Fe, Al, Si, and Ti) in pure nitrogen atmosphere will be presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gottingen, Zweites Phys Inst, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Jefferson Lab, FEL Collaborat, Newport News, VA USA. RP Carpene, E (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Zweites Phys Inst, Bunsenstr 7-9, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RI Carpene, Ettore/A-9162-2013; Schaaf, Peter/B-4934-2009; OI Schaaf, Peter/0000-0002-8802-6621; Carpene, Ettore/0000-0003-3867-8178 NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 195 EP 199 AR PII S0169-4332(01)00625-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00625-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 536ZQ UT WOS:000174732100035 ER PT J AU Mele, A Liu, HC Russo, RE Mao, XL Giardini, A Satta, M AF Mele, A Liu, HC Russo, RE Mao, XL Giardini, A Satta, M TI Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric study of laser sputtering from the surface of an Al-Cu-Fe alloy and quasicrystal SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE ablation; quasicrystal; laser; mass spectrometry; sputtering ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; ABLATION; ELECTRON AB The fractionation behavior induced by laser desorption and ablation of the Al70Cu20Fe10 intermetallic alloy and of the Al65Cu23Fe12 quasicrystal has been examined in terms of the structural properties of the two compounds. Elemental fractionation during laser desorption and ablation sampling was investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The experiments were carried out in two different power density regimes by using a Nd-YAG laser with 266 nm C) the effect of the laser power wavelength and single 6 ns laser pulses. In the high power density regime (>0.04-0.07 GW/cm(2) density on ablation behavior was similar for the two materials. In the low power density regime (<0.04-0.07 GW/cm(2)) large differences have been found between the alloy and the quasicrystal, The results are interpreted on the basis of a thermodynamic vaporization process for the intermetallic alloy. An electronic model of localized excitation is suggested for the physical process of surface material removal from a quasicrystal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNR, Inst Mat Speciali, I-85050 Tito, PZ, Italy. Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. RP Mele, A (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Satta, Mauro/J-3563-2012 OI Satta, Mauro/0000-0001-5795-4700 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 322 EP 328 AR PII S0169-4332(01)00664-X DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00664-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 536ZQ UT WOS:000174732100058 ER PT J AU Joly, AG Hess, WP Beck, KM Dickinson, JT AF Joly, AG Hess, WP Beck, KM Dickinson, JT TI Femtosecond time-resolved photo-stimulated desorption from ionic crystals SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society CY JUN 05-08, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE laser desorption; femtosecond time-resolved; ionic crystals ID LASER-INDUCED DESORPTION; ELECTRON-HOLE PAIRS; COORDINATED SURFACE SITES; FLUORIDE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SELF-TRAPPING PROCESSES; POSITIVE-IONS; MGO; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; EXCITONS AB We have used the pump-probe technique to measure the positive ion yield, from ionic crystals, as a function of time delay between two femtosecond laser pulses. The two-pulse technique allows direct observation of solid state and surface dynamics on a femtosecond timescale. We find the ion yield, from 265 nm irradiated MgO and KBr, depends critically on the time delay between pulses. For example, the Mg+ desorption yield displays three distinct features; a coherence peak followed by a fast rise and decay features. In contrast, the yield of K+ from KBr displays only the coherence peak and picosecond decay features. The observed ion detection thresholds suggest that, although the nanosecond laser ion desorption mechanism may be dominated by defect photoabsorption, significant electron-hole pair production may contribute to the femtosecond laser desorption mechanism. By determining the ultrafast time-dependence of positive ion emission, we hope to reveal the mechanism of laser ion desorption for both regimes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K8-88,POB 999,902 Battele Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 1-4 BP 339 EP 344 AR PII S0169-4332(01)00670-5 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(01)00670-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 536ZQ UT WOS:000174732100061 ER PT J AU Gerken, M Dixon, DA Schrobilgen, GJ AF Gerken, M Dixon, DA Schrobilgen, GJ TI The OsO3F+ and mu-F(OsO3F)(2)(+) cations: Their syntheses and study by Raman and F-19 NMR spectroscopy and electron structure calculations and X-ray crystal structures of [OsO3F][PnF(6)] (Pn = As, Sb), [OsO3F][HF](2)[AsF6], [OsO3F][HF][SbF6], and [OsO3F][Sb3F16] SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BOND ORDERS; MOLECULAR GEOMETRIES; SCF THEORY; CHEMISTRY; ENERGIES; VALENCES; SPECTRA; ION AB The fluoride ion donor properties of OsO3F2 have been investigated. The salts [OsO3F][AsF6], [OsO3F][HF](2)[AsF6], mu-F(OsO3F)(2)[AsF6], [OsO3F][HF](2)[SbF6], and [OsO3F][HF][SbF6] have been prepared by reaction Of OsO3F2 with AsF5 and SbF5 in HF solvent and have been characterized in the solid state by Raman spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies Of [OsO3F][AsF6] (P2(1)/n, a = 7.0001(11) Angstrom, b = 11.0620(11) Angstrom, c = 8.8629(13) Angstrom,beta = 92.270(7)degrees, Z = 4, and R-1 = 0.0401 at -126 degreesC), [OsO3F][SbF6] (P2(1)/c, a = 5.4772(14) Angstrom, b = 10,115(3) Angstrom, c = 12.234(3) Angstrom, beta = 99,321(5)degrees, Z = 4, and R-1 = 0.0325 at -173 degreesC), [OsO3F][HF](2)[AsF6] (P2(1)/n, a = 5.1491(9) Angstrom, b = 8,129(2) Angstrom, c = 19.636(7) Angstrom, beta = 95,099(7)degrees, Z = 4, and R-1 = 0.0348 at -117 degreesC), and [OsO3F][HF][SbF6] (Pc, a = 5.244(4) Angstrom, b = 9.646(6) Angstrom, c =. 15.269(10) Angstrom, beta = 97,154(13)degrees, Z = 4, and R-1 = 0.0558 at -133 degreesC) have shown that the OsO3F+ cations exhibit strong contacts to the anions and HF solvent molecules giving rise to cyclic, dimeric structures in which the osmium atoms have coordination numbers of 6. The reaction of OsO3F2 with neat SbF5 yielded [OsO3F][Sb3F16], which has been characterized by F-19 NMR spectroscopy in SbF5 and. SO2CIF solvents and by Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the solid state (P42(1)m, a = 10.076(6) Angstrom, c = 7.585(8) Angstrom, Z = 2, and R-1 = 0.0858 at -113 degreesC). The weak fluoride ion basicity of the Sb3F16- anion resulted in an OsO3F+ cation (C-3v point symmetry) that is well isolated from the anion and in which the osmium is four-coordinate, The geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies Of Oso(3)F(+), ReO3F, mu-F(OsO3F)(2)(+), (FO3Os--FPnF(5))(2), and (FO3Os--(HF)(2)--FPnF(5))(2) (Pn = As, Sb) have been calculated using density functional theory methods. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM SCHROBIL@McMASTER.CA NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 259 EP 277 DI 10.1021/ic0107680 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 515EP UT WOS:000173482700014 PM 11800614 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Pankratov, IR Samolyuk, GD Vaks, VG AF Belashchenko, KD Pankratov, IR Samolyuk, GD Vaks, VG TI Kinetics of formation of twinned structures under L1(0)-type orderings in alloys SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MASTER EQUATION APPROACH; CONFIGURATIONAL KINETICS; NONEQUILIBRIUM; TRANSITION; ENERGIES; FEATURES AB The earlier-developed master equation approach and kinetic cluster methods are applied to study the kinetics of L1(0)-type orderings in alloys, including the formation of twinned structures characteristic of cubic-tetragonal-type phase transitions. A microscopical model of interatomic deformational interactions is suggested which generalizes a similar model of Khachaturyan for dilute alloys to the physically interesting case of concentrated alloys. The model is used to simulate A1 --> L1(0) transformations after a quench of an alloy from the disordered A1 phase to the single-phase L1(0) state for a number of alloy models with different chemical interactions, temperatures, concentrations, and tetragonal distortions. We find a number of peculiar features in both transient microstructures and transformation kinetics, many of them agreeing well with experimental data. The simulations also demonstrate the phenomenon of an interaction-dependent alignment of antiphase boundaries in nearly equilibrium twinned bands which seems to be observed in some experiments. C1 Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Belashchenko, KD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008 OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 565 EP 589 AR PII S0953-8984(02)28204-1 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/14/3/325 PG 25 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 524HW UT WOS:000174008100030 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF Schafer, T AF Bedaque, PF Schafer, T TI High-density quark matter under stress SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR-FLAVOR-LOCKING; FINITE BARYON DENSITY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MESON MASS; QCD; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE; SUPERFLUIDITY AB We study the effect of SU(3)-flavor breaking on high-density quark matter. We discuss, in particular, a nonzero electron chemical potential and a finite strange-quark mass. We argue that these perturbations trigger pion or kaon condensation. The critical chemical potential behaves as mu(e) similar to rootmm(s)Delta/p(F) and the critical strange-quark mass as m(s) similar to m(1/3)Delta(2/3), where m is the light-quark mass, Delta is the gap, and p(F) is the Fermi momentum. We note that parametrically, both the critical mu(e) and m(s)(2)/(2p(F)) are much smaller than the gap. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schafer, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 52 TC 187 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 697 IS 3-4 BP 802 EP 822 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01272-6 PG 21 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 509MX UT WOS:000173152500011 ER PT J AU Gelis, FG Peshier, A AF Gelis, FG Peshier, A TI Probing colored glass via q(q)over-bar photoproduction SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID WILSON RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUASI-CLASSICAL APPROXIMATION; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; MCLERRAN-VENUGOPALAN MODEL; E(+)E(-) PAIR PRODUCTION; LOW X PHYSICS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; COULOMB CORRECTIONS; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AB In this paper, we calculate the cross section for the photoproduction of quark-antiquark pairs in the peripheral collision of ultra-relativistic nuclei, by treating the color field of the nuclei within the Color Glass Condensate model. We find that this cross section is sensitive to the saturation scale Q(s)(2) that characterizes the model. In particular, the transverse momentum spectrum of the produced pairs could be used to measure the properties of the color glass condensate. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, FG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 41 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 697 IS 3-4 BP 879 EP 901 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01264-7 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 509MX UT WOS:000173152500013 ER PT J AU Adler, S Bazarko, AO Bergbusch, PC Blackmore, EW Bryman, DA Chen, S Chiang, IH Diwan, MV Frank, JS Haggerty, JS Hu, J Inagaki, T Ito, M Jain, V Kabe, S Kettell, SH Kitching, P Kobayashi, M Komatsubara, TK Konaka, A Kuno, Y Kuriki, M Li, KK Littenberg, LS Macdonald, JA Meyers, PD Mildenberger, J Miyajima, M Muramatsu, N Nakano, T Ng, C Ng, S Numao, T Poutissou, JM Poutissou, R Redlinger, G Sato, T Shimada, K Shimoyama, T Shinkawa, T Shoemaker, FC Stone, JR Strand, RC Sugimoto, S Tamagawa, Y Witzig, C Yoshimura, Y AF Adler, S Bazarko, AO Bergbusch, PC Blackmore, EW Bryman, DA Chen, S Chiang, IH Diwan, MV Frank, JS Haggerty, JS Hu, J Inagaki, T Ito, M Jain, V Kabe, S Kettell, SH Kitching, P Kobayashi, M Komatsubara, TK Konaka, A Kuno, Y Kuriki, M Li, KK Littenberg, LS Macdonald, JA Meyers, PD Mildenberger, J Miyajima, M Muramatsu, N Nakano, T Ng, C Ng, S Numao, T Poutissou, JM Poutissou, R Redlinger, G Sato, T Shimada, K Shimoyama, T Shinkawa, T Shoemaker, FC Stone, JR Strand, RC Sugimoto, S Tamagawa, Y Witzig, C Yoshimura, Y CA E787 Collaboration TI Further evidence for the decay K+ -> pi(+)v(v)over-bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENDCAP PHOTON DETECTOR; 500 MHZ; K+->PI(+)NU(NU)OVER-BAR; SEARCH AB Additional evidence for the rare kaon decay K+ --> pi(+) nu(ν) over bar has been found in a new data set with comparable sensitivity to the previously reported result. One new event was observed in the pion momentum region examined, 211 < P < 229 MeV/c, bringing the total for the combined data set to two. Including all data taken, the backgrounds were estimated to contribute 0.15 +/- 0.05 events. The branching ratio is is B(K+ --> pi(+) nu (ν) over bar) = 1.57(-0.82)(+1.75) x 10(-10). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Univ Alberta, Ctr Subatom Res, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N5, Canada. Fukui Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Fukui 9108507, Japan. Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Osaka 5670047, Japan. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Adler, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.041803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500014 PM 11801107 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Colijn, AP Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Fang, HC Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Ivanov, A Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Renton, P Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the strong coupling constant from inclusive jet production at the Tevatron (p)over-barp collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; HIGHER-ORDER CORRECTIONS; HADRONIC TAU-DECAYS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTION; ALPHA(S); GLUON AB We report a measurement of the strong coupling constant, alpha(s)(M-Z), extracted from inclusive jet production in p (p) over bar collisions at root(s) = 1800 GeV. The QCD prediction for the evolution of alpha(s) with jet transverse energy E-T is tested over the range 40 < E-T < 450 GeV using E-T for the renormalization scale. The data show good agreement with QCD in the region below 250 GeV. The value of as at the mass of the Z(0) boson averaged over the range 40 < E-T < 250 GeV is found to be alpha(s)(M-Z) = 0.1178 +/- 0.0001(stat)(-0.0095)(+0.0081)(expt. syst). The associated theoretical uncertainties are mainly due to the choice of renormalization scale ((+6%)(-4%)) and input parton distribution functions (5%). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.042001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500016 PM 11801109 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, HJ Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hills, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yagil, A Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, HJ Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hills, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yagil, A Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for gluinos and scalar quarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV using the missing energy plus multijets signature SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-S CALCULATION; HADRON COLLIDERS; SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERGRAVITY; SQUARKS; PHYSICS; EVENTS; LIMITS AB We have performed a search for gluinos ((g) over tilde) and scalar quarks ((q) over tilde) in a data sample of 84 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We investigate the final state of large missing transverse energy and three or more jets, a characteristic signature in R-parity-conserving supersymmetric models. The analysis has been performed "blind," in that the inspection of the signal region is made only after the predictions from standard model backgrounds have been calculated. Comparing the data with predictions of constrained supersymmetric models, we exclude gluino masses below 195 GeV/c(2) (95% C.L.), independent of the squark mass. For the case m((q) over bar) approximate to m((g) over tilde), gluino masses below 300 GeV/c(2) are excluded. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.041801 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500012 PM 11801105 ER PT J AU Di Ventra, M Pantelides, ST Lang, ND AF Di Ventra, M Pantelides, ST Lang, ND TI Current-induced forces in molecular wires SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DRIVING FORCE; ELECTROMIGRATION; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE; TRANSISTOR; ADSORPTION; JUNCTIONS; DEVICE AB We report first-principles calculations of current-induced forces in molecular wires for which experiments are available. We investigate, as an example, the effect of current-induced forces on a benzene molecule connected to two bulk electrodes via sulfur end groups. We find that the molecule twists around an axis perpendicular to its plane and undergoes a "breathing" oscillation at resonant tunneling via antibonding states. However, current-induced forces do not substantially affect the absolute value of the current for biases as high as 5 V, suggesting that molecular wires can operate at very large electric fields without current-induced breakdown. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Di Ventra, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/E-1667-2011 OI Di Ventra, Massimiliano/0000-0001-9416-189X NR 24 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 046801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.046801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500056 PM 11801149 ER PT J AU Elliott, JB Moretto, LG Phair, L Wozniak, GJ Beaulieu, L Breuer, H Korteling, RG Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Pienkowski, L Ruangma, A Viola, VE Yennello, SJ AF Elliott, JB Moretto, LG Phair, L Wozniak, GJ Beaulieu, L Breuer, H Korteling, RG Kwiatkowski, K Lefort, T Pienkowski, L Ruangma, A Viola, VE Yennello, SJ CA ISiS Collaboration TI Liquid to vapor phase transition in excited nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOT NUCLEI; MULTIFRAGMENTATION; REDUCIBILITY; MATTER; FRAGMENTATION; PERCOLATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL; GOLD AB The thermal component of the 8 GeV/c pi + Au data of the ISiS Collaboration is shown to follow the scaling predicted by Fisher's model when Coulomb energy is taken into account. Critical exponents tau and sigma, the critical point (p(c), rho(c), T-c), surface energy coefficient c(0), enthalpy of evaporation DeltaH, and critical compressibility factor C-c(F) are determined. For the first time, the experimental phase diagrams, (p, T) and (T, rho), describing the liquid vapor coexistence of finite neutral nuclear matter have been constructed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Warsaw Univ, Heavy Ion Lab, Warsaw, Poland. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Cyclotron Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Elliott, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Beaulieu, Luc/A-6803-2009; Yennello, Sherry/B-5803-2015 OI Beaulieu, Luc/0000-0003-0429-6366; Yennello, Sherry/0000-0003-3963-5217 NR 29 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.042701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500024 PM 11801117 ER PT J AU Golovkin, I Mancini, R Louis, S Ochi, Y Fujita, K Nishimura, H Shirga, H Miyanaga, N Azechi, H Butzbach, R Uschmann, I Forster, E Delettrez, J Koch, J Lee, RW Klein, L AF Golovkin, I Mancini, R Louis, S Ochi, Y Fujita, K Nishimura, H Shirga, H Miyanaga, N Azechi, H Butzbach, R Uschmann, I Forster, E Delettrez, J Koch, J Lee, RW Klein, L TI Spectroscopic determination of dynamic plasma gradients in implosion cores SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; DRIVEN-IMPLOSION; ION DYNAMICS; LASER; DENSITY; COMPRESSION; OPACITY AB The time-dependent gradient structure of a laser-compressed, high-energy-density plasma has been determined using a method based on the simultaneous analysis of time-resolved x-ray monochromatic images and x-ray line spectra from Ar-doped D-2 implosion cores. The analysis self-consistently determines the temperature and density gradients that yield the best fits to the spatial-emissivity profiles and spectral line shapes. This measurement is important for understanding the spectra formation and plasma dynamics associated with the implosion process. In addition, since the results are independent of hydrodynamic simulations, they are also important for comparison with fluid-dynamic models. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka, Japan. Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantum Elect, D-6900 Jena, Germany. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Golovkin, I (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Miyanaga, Noriaki/F-1340-2015; Azechi, Hiroshi/H-5876-2015; Nishimura, Hiroaki/I-4908-2015 OI Miyanaga, Noriaki/0000-0002-9902-5392; NR 24 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 045002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.045002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500036 PM 11801129 ER PT J AU Habib, S Jacobs, K Mabuchi, H Ryne, R Shizume, K Sundaram, B AF Habib, S Jacobs, K Mabuchi, H Ryne, R Shizume, K Sundaram, B TI Quantum-classical transition in nonlinear dynamical systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE DIFFUSION; PHASE-SPACE; CHAOS; NOISE; LOCALIZATION; DECOHERENCE; EMERGENCE; MODEL AB Viewed as approximations to quantum mechanics, classical evolutions can violate the positive semidefiniteness of the density matrix. The nature of the violation suggests a classification of dynamical systems based on classical-quantum correspondence; we show that this can be used to identify when environmental interaction (decoherence) will be unsuccessful in inducing the quantum-classical transition. In particular, the late-time Wigner function can become positive without any corresponding approach to classical dynamics. In the light of these results, we emphasize key issues relevant for experiments studying the quantum-classical transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Lib & Informat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Math, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Grad Fac Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Habib, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sundaram, Bala/A-6532-2010; Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011 OI Sundaram, Bala/0000-0002-1728-704X; Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421 NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 040402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.040402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500002 PM 11801095 ER PT J AU Hill, CT AF Hill, CT TI Topological solitons from deconstructed extra dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MILLS AB A topological monopolelike field configuration exists for Yang-Mills gauge fields in 4 + 1 dimensions. When the extra dimension is compactified to 3 + 1 dimensions with periodic lattice boundary conditions, these objects reappear in the low-energy effective theory as a novel solution, a gauged-bosonic Skyrmion. When the low-energy theory spontaneously breaks, the Nambu-Goldstone mode develops a vacuum expectation value, and the gauged-bosonic Skyrmion morphs into a 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hill, CT (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.041601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500009 PM 11801102 ER PT J AU Lauritsen, T Carpenter, MP Dossing, T Fallon, P Herskind, B Janssens, RVF Jenkins, DG Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lopez-Martens, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Abu Saleem, KS Ahmad, I Clark, R Cromaz, M Greene, JP Hannachi, F Heinz, AM Korichi, A Lane, G Lister, CJ Reiter, P Seweryniak, D Siem, S Vondrasek, RC Wiedenhover, I AF Lauritsen, T Carpenter, MP Dossing, T Fallon, P Herskind, B Janssens, RVF Jenkins, DG Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lopez-Martens, A Macchiavelli, AO Ward, D Abu Saleem, KS Ahmad, I Clark, R Cromaz, M Greene, JP Hannachi, F Heinz, AM Korichi, A Lane, G Lister, CJ Reiter, P Seweryniak, D Siem, S Vondrasek, RC Wiedenhover, I TI Direct decay from the superdeformed band to the yrast line in Dy-152(66)86 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; EXCITATION-ENERGY; IDENTICAL BANDS; MASS REGION; ROTATIONAL BANDS; STATES; NUCLEI; PARITY; HG-194 AB The excitation energy, spin, and parity of the yrast superdeformed band in Dy-152 have been firmly established. The evidence comes mainly from the measured properties of a 4011 keV single-step transition connecting the yrast superdeformed level fed by the 693 keV transition to the 27(-) yrast state. Four additional, weaker, linking gamma rays have been placed as well. The excitation energy of the lowest superdeformed band member is 10 644 keV and its spin and parity are determined to be 24(+). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lauritsen, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.042501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500020 PM 11801113 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryemadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI Search for CP violation in the decays D+ -> K-S pi(+) and D+ -> KSK+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS; MESONS AB A high-statistics sample of photoproduced charm from the FOCUS experiment has been used to search for direct CP violation in the decay rates for D+ --> K(S)pi(+) and D+ --> KSK+. We have measured the following asymmetry parameters relative to D+ --> K- pi(+) pi(+): A(CP)(K(S)pi(+)) = (-1.6 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.9)%, A(CP)(KSK+) = (+6.9 +/- 6.0 +/- 1.5)%, and A(CP)(KSK+) = (+7.1 +/- 6.1 +/- 1.2)% relative to D+ --> K(S)pi(+). We have also measured the relative branching ratios and found Gamma(D+ --> (K) over bar K-0(+))/Gamma(D+ --> (K) over bar (0)pi(+))/Gamma(D+ --> K- pi(+) pi(+)) = (30.60 +/- 0.46 +/- 0.32)%, Gamma(D+ --> (K) over bar K-0(+))/Gamma(D+ --> K- pi(+) pi(+)) = (6.04 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.30)%, and Gamma(D+ --> (K) over bar K-0(-))/Gamma(D+ --> (K) over bar (0)pi(+)) = (19.96 +/- 1.19 +/- 0.96)%. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.041602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500010 PM 11801103 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, P Zunger, A AF Mahadevan, P Zunger, A TI Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped semiconducting CdGeP2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB The chalcopyrite CdGeP2 doped with Mn have been recently found to exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism. Isovalent substitution of the Cd site is expected, however, to create antiferromagnetism, in analogy with the well-known CdTe:Mn (d(5)) case. However, chalcopyrite semiconductors exhibit low-energy intrinsic defects. We show theoretically how ferromagnetism results from the interaction of Mn with hole-producing intrinsic defects. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 20 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 047205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.047205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500072 PM 11801165 ER PT J AU Scheidenberger, C Pshenichnov, IA Aumann, T Datz, S Summerer, K Bondorf, JP Boutin, D Geissel, H Grafstrom, P Knudsen, H Krause, HF Lommel, B Moller, SP Munzenberg, G Schuch, RH Uggerhoj, E Uggerhoj, U Vane, CR Ventura, A Vilakazi, ZZ Weick, H AF Scheidenberger, C Pshenichnov, IA Aumann, T Datz, S Summerer, K Bondorf, JP Boutin, D Geissel, H Grafstrom, P Knudsen, H Krause, HF Lommel, B Moller, SP Munzenberg, G Schuch, RH Uggerhoj, E Uggerhoj, U Vane, CR Ventura, A Vilakazi, ZZ Weick, H TI Electromagnetically induced nuclear-charge pickup observed in ultrarelativistic Pb collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; FRAGMENTATION; DISSOCIATION; GEV/NUCLEON; AU-197 AB A strong increase of inclusive nuclear-charge pickup cross sections, forming Bi-83 from 158A GeV Pb-82 ions, is observed in comparison to similar measurements at 10.6A GeV. From the dependence of these cross sections on target atomic number, this increase is attributed to the electromagnetic process of pion production by equivalent photons. The observed cross sections can be reproduced quantitatively using the recently developed RELDIS code. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 38731 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Stockholm Univ, Dept Atom Phys, S-10405 Stockholm 50, Sweden. Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Environm, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Phys, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Scheidenberger, C (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; Uggerhoj, Ulrik/A-1802-2012; Ventura, Alberto/B-9584-2011; Aumann, Thomas/B-1455-2012 OI Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; Uggerhoj, Ulrik/0000-0002-8229-1512; Ventura, Alberto/0000-0001-6748-7931; NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 88 IS 4 AR 042301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.042301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 522QB UT WOS:000173907500019 PM 11801112 ER PT J AU Andrus, MB Lashley, JC AF Andrus, MB Lashley, JC TI Copper catalyzed allylic oxidation with peresters SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Review DE perester; allylic oxidation; metal complexes ID CHIRAL LEWIS-ACIDS; TERT-BUTYL PERBENZOATE; ENANTIOSELECTIVE ALDOL ADDITIONS; ASYMMETRIC KHARASCH REACTION; DIELS-ALDER REACTION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ENANTIOMERIC PURITY; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; SELENIUM DIOXIDE; COMPLEXES C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Andrus, MB (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 127 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 5 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD JAN 28 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 845 EP 866 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)01172-3 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 517RU UT WOS:000173624300001 ER PT J AU Delwart, E Magierowska, M Royz, M Foley, B Peddada, L Smith, R Heldebrant, C Conrad, A Busch, M AF Delwart, E Magierowska, M Royz, M Foley, B Peddada, L Smith, R Heldebrant, C Conrad, A Busch, M TI Homogeneous quasispecies in 16 out of 17 individuals during very early HIV-1 primary infection SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE primary infection; HIV sequence variability; HIV subtypes; quasispecies; heteroduplex mobility assay ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; G->A HYPERMUTATION; ENV PROTEIN; TRANSMISSION; EVOLUTION; PROGRESSION; SEQUENCES; RECOMBINATION; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY AB Objective To measure HIV-1 quasispecies diversity in very recently infected male and female plasma donors. Methods HIV-1 RNA testing of blood and plasma donations was used to select anti HIV-1 antibody negative, HIV-1 RNA positive plasma samples from 13 males and four females undergoing primary infection. To determine whether these early viral populations were clonal or oligoclonal, heteroduplex mobility assays were performed on multiple independently generated envelope PCR products. Genetically heterogeneous quasispecies where subcloned and their divergent envelope variants sequenced. Results Because of frequent plasma donations in this population, HIV-1 RNA quasispecies could be studied during very early primary infection. Heteroduplex mobility assays detected the presence of genetically distinct variants in four of the 17 plasma donors. DNA sequence analysis showed that one case was due to a G to A hypermutation event and that two cases were caused by the presence of in-frame insertions/ deletions resulting in DNA heteroduplex mobility shifts. The early plasma quasispecies of one female contained highly divergent variants differing by up to 6% substitution and multiple insertions/deletions, a level of divergence unlikely to have been generated de novo following transmission. V3 loop sequences analysis indicated the presence of non-syncitium inducing genotypes in 14 out of 17 primary infection cases. Conclusion Plasma viremia is generally genetically homogeneous even during the very early phase of primary infection when viremia is first detected and still rising exponentially. Evidence for the transmission of multiple variants was detected in only one out of four women and none of 13 men undergoing primary infection with subtype B HIV-1. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Alpha Therapeut, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Natl Inst Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Delwart, E (reprint author), 270 Mason Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI43895, UO1-AI-41532]; NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH59037] NR 31 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1097/00002030-200201250-00007 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 519EF UT WOS:000173711400006 PM 11807302 ER EF