FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McAlister, DR Dietz, ML Chiarizia, R Zalupski, PR Herlinger, AW AF McAlister, DR Dietz, ML Chiarizia, R Zalupski, PR Herlinger, AW TI Metal extraction by silyl-substituted diphosphonic acids. II. Effect of alkylene bridge length on aggregation and metal ion extraction behavior SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diphosphonic acids; silyl-substituted; aggregation; metal ion extraction ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; EXCHANGE RESIN; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; FLUID EXTRACTION; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; CATIONS; ACTINIDES AB In an ongoing effort to determine the relationship between structure and function in diphosphonic acids, the aggregation and solvent extraction chemistry of four novel silicon-substituted diphosphonic acids, P,P'-di[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyl] propylene- (H2DTMSP[PrDP]), butylene-(H2DTMSP[BuDP]), pentylene- (H2DTMSP[PDP]), and hexylene diphosphonic acid (H2DTMSP[HDP]), were investigated. Vapor pressure osmometry indicates that H2DTMSP[PrDP] and H2DTMSP[PDP] are dimeric in toluene at 25degreesC, while H2DTMSP[BuDP] and H2DTMSP[HDP] are primarily trimeric and hexameric, respectively. The solvent extraction of selected alkaline earth cations (Ca, Sr, and Ba) and representative tri-, tetra-, and hexavalent actinides [Am(III), Th(IV), and U(VI)], from nitric acid solutions into o-xylene solutions of the ligands has been studied and compared to results reported previously for some analogous di(2-ethylhexyl)-substituted. diphosphonic acids. Differences observed in the magnitude of distribution ratios, based on the number of bridging methylene groups, have been explained considering factors such as ligand aggregation, chelate ring size, P=O basicity (qualitatively determined by P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy), and the relative acidities of the ligands. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2289 EP 2315 DI 10.1081/SS-120003514 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 572CH UT WOS:000176755500004 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Nunez, L AF Kaminski, MD Nunez, L TI Cesium extraction from a novel chemical decontamination process solvent using magnetic microparticles SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cesium extraction; magnetic microparticles; silicotitanates; HEDPA ID HYDROUS CRYSTALLINE SILICOTITANATES; ION-EXCHANGE; SEPARATION; ACID AB The chemical, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPA), has been the subject of recent publications and patents regarding decontamination and decommissioning applications,. and its superiority as a decontamination agent has been highlighted in various field demonstrations. To recycle the aqueous HEDPA solvent and/or facilitate waste formation, it would be advantageous to remove dissolved radionuclides that originated from the contaminated surfaces. Cesium isotopes ((137,) Cs-135) comprise the vast majority of radioactivity found in potential applications at nuclear power facilities. The present study evaluated magnetic microparticles containing embedded silicotitanate powders for uptake of Cs-137 from HEDPA solution. Results indicate that the kinetics are rapid, reaching similar to95% of equilibrium within 10 min. The distribution coefficient (K-d) was between 3000 and 10,000 mL/g (90-98% Cs-137 removed) depending on particle mass-to-solution volume ratios. The excellent sorption of Cs-137 indicates that particle batches may be reused many times without a reduction in extraction efficiency. However, particle degradation and magnetic susceptibility reduction may be a problem due to the dissolution of the magnetite component by the diphosphonic acid. This may be overcome by substituting the magnetite component with other ferromagnetic materials such as Ni or Co alloys. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3703 EP 3714 DI 10.1081/SS-120014828 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 626TL UT WOS:000179889200008 ER PT J AU Wingo, RM Devlin, DJ Hill, DD Padilla, DD Prenger, FC Worl, LA AF Wingo, RM Devlin, DJ Hill, DD Padilla, DD Prenger, FC Worl, LA TI Capture and retrieval of plutonium oxide particles at ultra-low concentrations using high-gradient magnetic separation SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plutonium oxide; actinides; high gradient magnetic separation; dendrites; paramagnetic; steel wool; mass balance; submicron AB A high-gradient magnetic separation system has been developed for,capture and retrieval of ultra-low plutonium oxide concentrations. The application of advanced matrix materials and improved methodology has demonstrated the effective collection and recovery of submicron paramagnetic actinide particles with particle concentrations as low as 10(-23) M. Incorporation of multiple passes during recovery of magnetically captured particles improves the system mass balance. Activity balances for plutonium were verified with stringent sampling protocols. Collection and recovery values demonstrate that 99% of the submicron plutonium oxide particles can be accounted for when recycle loops are incorporated into capture and recovery circuits, magnetically captured particles are released by sonication, carrier fluids are organically based, and longer matrix lengths are utilized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wingo, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3715 EP 3726 DI 10.1081/SS-120014829 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 626TL UT WOS:000179889200009 ER PT B AU Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Roth, J Reisner, DE AF Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Roth, J Reisner, DE BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Advanced development issues related to plasma-sprayed pyrite electrodes for thermal batteries SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB The use of LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte as a co-spray additive for the plasm spraying of pyrite electrodes for thermal batteries has been demonstrated to provide greater mechanical strength and superior electrochemical performance relative to the use elemental sulfur. However, higher electrolyte contents in the deposit relative to that of the feedstock are concerns, in that this results in lower energy densities and specific energies. A systematic study of the of red of the electrolyte concentration. in the feedstock On the final Physical and chemical properties of the final plasma-sprayed deposit was undertaken. The resulting deposits were then tested m single cells to characterize the resultant electrochemical properties. A study was also initiated to examine the effects of various lithiation agents at several concentrations on the initial voltage spike That occurs at the onset of discharge of such electrodes in Li(Si)/LiCl-KCl (MgO)/FeS2 single cells. The main technical issues that need to be resolved to make this a viable processing technique are described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986378 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400020 ER PT B AU Kelly, KJ Mihalic, M Zolot, M AF Kelly, KJ Mihalic, M Zolot, M BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Battery usage and thermal performance of the Toyota Prius and Honda Insight during chassis dynamometer testing. XVII. The seventeenth annual battery conference on applications and advances SO SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 15-18, 2002 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP IEEE HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB This study describes the results from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) chassis dynamometer testing of a 2000 model year Honda Insight and 2001 model year Toyota Prius. The tests were conducted for the purpose of evaluating the battery thermal performance, assessing the impact of air conditioning on fuel economy and emissions, and providing information for NREL'S Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR). A comparative study of the battery usage and thermal performance of the battery packs used in these two vehicles during chassis dynamometer testing is presented. Specially designed charge and discharge chassis dynamometer test cycles revealed that the Insight limited battery usage to 60% of rated capacity, while the Prius limited battery usage to 40% of the rated capacity. The Prius uses substantially more park energy over a given driving cycle but at the same time maintains the pack within a tight target state of charge (SOC) of 54% to 56%. The Insight does not appear to force the battery to a specific target SOC. The Prius battery contributes a higher percentage of the power needed for propulsion. The study also found that while both vehicles have adequate battery thermal management systems for mild driving conditions, the Prius thermal management is more robust, and the insight thermal management limits pack performance in certain conditions. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kelly, KJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7132-1 PY 2002 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2002.986408 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BU02J UT WOS:000174743400050 ER PT S AU Forbes, JW AF Forbes, JW BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The history of the APS topical group on shock compression of condensed matter SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB In order to provide broader scientific recognition and to advance the science of shock compressed condensed matter, a group of American Physical Society (APS) members worked within the Society to make this field an active part of the APS. Individual papers were presented at APS meetings starting in the 1940's and shock wave sessions were organized starting with the 1967 Pasadena meeting. Shock wave topical conferences began in 1979 in Pullman, WA. Signatures were obtained on a petition in 1984 from a balanced cross-section of the shock wave community to form an APS Topical Group (TG). The APS. Council officially accepted the formation of the Shock Compression of Condensed Matter (SCCM) TG at its October 1984 meeting. This action firmly aligned the shock wave field with a major physical science organization. Most early topical conferences were sanctioned by the APS while those held after 1992 were official APS meetings. The topical group organizes a shock wave topical conference in odd numbered years while participating in shock wave/high pressure sessions at APS general meetings in even numbered years. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Forbes, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900002 ER PT S AU Asay, JR AF Asay, JR BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Shock wave paradigms and new challenges SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID 6061-T6 ALUMINUM; PROFILES; DYNAMICS; SOLIDS AB Modem shock wave applications require prediction of material response under complex loading conditions and are often solved with numerical simulations. Even though many of the fundamental problems have been addressed, there are still a large number that cannot be solved from a first-principles approach. To attain a fully predictive capability for these phenomena, it is necessary to understand the physical processes occurring during the shock process itself and to critically examine the fundamental postulates used to interpret shock wave phenomena. This paper examines the basic assumptions for describing shock processes in solids. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Asay, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 26 EP 35 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900004 ER PT S AU Tarver, CM AF Tarver, CM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI What is a shock wave to an explosive molecule? SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID CHEMICAL ENERGY-RELEASE; DETONATION-WAVES; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY; RELAXATION AB An explosive molecule is a metastable chemical species that reacts exothermically given the correct stimulus. Impacting an explosive with a shock wave is a "wake-up call" or "trigger" which compresses and heats the molecule. The energy deposited by the shock wave must be distributed to the vibrational modes of the explosive molecule before chemical reaction can occur. If the shock pressure and temperature are high enough and last long enough, exothermic chemical decomposition can lead to the formation of a detonation wave. For gaseous, liquid, and perfect single crystal solid explosives, after an induction time, chemical reaction begins at or near the rear boundary of the charge. This induction time can be calculated by high pressure, high temperature transition state theory. A "superdetonation" wave travels through the preshocked explosive until it overtakes the initial shock wave and then slows to the steady state Chapman-Jouguet (C-J) velocity. In heterogeneous solid explosives, initiation of reaction occurs at "hot spots" created by shock compression, If there is a sufficient number of large and hot enough "hot spots," these ignition sites grow creating a pressure pulse that overtakes the leading shock front causing detonation. Since the chemical energy is released well behind the leading shock front of a detonation wave, a mechanism is required for this energy to reinforce the leading shock front and maintain its overall constant velocity. This mechanism is the amplification of pressure wavelets in the reaction zone by the process of de-excitation of the initially highly vibrationally excited reaction product molecules. This process leads to the development of the three-dimensional structure of detonation waves observed for all explosives. In a detonation wave, the leading shock wave front becomes a "burden" for the explosive molecule to sustain by its chemical energy release. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900006 ER PT S AU Kress, JA Mazevet, S Collins, LA AF Kress, JA Mazevet, S Collins, LA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Density-functional molecular dynamics simulations of shocked molecular liquids SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITION; FLUID NITROGEN; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; HUGONIOT; COMPRESSION; METALS; ENERGY; KBAR AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed for highly compressed fluid deuterium, nitrogen, and oxygen, in the density and temperature regime of shock-compression experiments, using density functional (DF) electronic structure techniques to describe the interatomic forces. The Hugoniots; derived from the calculated equation-of-state for deuterium does not exhibit the large compression predicted by the recently reported laser-driven experiments. However, the Hugoniot derived for nitrogen and oxygen agree well with explosively-driven and gas-gun experiments. The nature of the fluid along the Hugoniot, as calculated with DF-MD, has been analyzed. All three species (D-2, N-2, and O-2) undergo a continuous transition from a molecular to a partially dissociated fluid containing a mixture of atoms and molecules. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kress, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 91 EP 94 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900016 ER PT S AU Mazevet, S Kress, JD Collins, LA Wood, WW Johnson, JD Blottiau, P AF Mazevet, S Kress, JD Collins, LA Wood, WW Johnson, JD Blottiau, P BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Density functional calculation of the Hugoniot of shocked liquid nitrogen SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FLUID NITROGEN; PHASE-TRANSITION; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TEMPERATURES AB We performed molecular dynamics simulations to obtain the internal energy and pressure of shock-compressed fluid nitrogen. Our calculations were performed using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) in density functional theory. From this equation of state, we derived the principal and second shock Hugoniots in the density region probed by gas-gun experiments. While the single-shock Hugoniot derived from this equation of state agrees well with gas-gun experiments; in contrast, the second-shock Hugoniots show discrepancies with the experimental measurements. This is particularly the case in the region where negative Gruneisen parameters were deduced experimentally and where shock cooling was measured. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900018 ER PT S AU Hrbek, GM AF Hrbek, GM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Physical intrepretation of mathematically invariant K(rho,p) type equations of state for hydrodynamically driven flow SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB In order to apply the power of a full group analysis(l) to the problem of an expanding shock in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries, the expression for the shock front position R[t] has been modified to allow the wave to propagate through a general non-uniform medium. This representation incorporates the group parameter ratios as meaningful physical quantities and reduces to the classical Sedov-Taylor solution for a uniform media. Expected profiles for the density, particle velocity, and pressure behind a spherically diverging shock wave are then calculated using the Tait equation of state for a moderate (i.e., 20 t TNT equivalent) blast load propagating through NaCl. The changes in flow variables are plotted for Mach less than or equal to 1.5 Finally, effects due to variations in the material uniformity are shown as changes in the first derivative of the bulk modulus (i.e., K-o'). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hrbek, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900022 ER PT S AU Hrbek, GM AF Hrbek, GM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Invariant functional forms for K(p,P) type equations of state for hydrodynamically driven flow SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A complete Lie group analysis of the general 1D hydrodynamic flow problem for a general K(p,P) type equation of state is presented. Since many equations of state (e.g., Vinet, Birch-Murnaghan, Shaker, and Tait) are of this form, one can use the techniques presented here to study their behavior. Making use of the full transformation group, the hyperbolic conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy reduce to non-linear, ordinary differential equations. These equations describe the density, particle velocity, and pressure behind the shock as functions of the shock front Mach number. Note that unlike the classical result that defines the flow only at the strong shock limit, in this analysis the Mach number is allowed to be one or greater. This allows the behavior of a shocked material to be described down to the acoustic limit. This technique is illustrated using the Tait EOS for a shock moving through NaCl. Finally, the ratios of the group parameters are shown to have definite physical meanings defined in terms of the equation of state and the physical conditions occurring during the event that has produced the shock wave. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hrbek, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900027 ER PT S AU Kanzleiter, R Atchison, W Bowers, R Guzik, J AF Kanzleiter, R Atchison, W Bowers, R Guzik, J BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Simulated, theoretical and experimental shock trajectories in cylindrical geometry SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The current work compares computations and similarity relations for convergent shocks with experimental data from cylindrical implosions on the Shiva Star capacitor bank at AFRL (Air Force Research Laboratory). The experiment consisted of a I mm thick cylindrical aluminum liner that is magnetically imploded onto a central target. The central target contains an inner Lucite cylinder surrounded by an outer Sn layer. The target was designed using the Eulerian hydrodynamics code RAGE in 2- and 3D. One-dimensional models of the liner driver utilizing the RAVEN MHD code set the initial liner/target interaction parameters for the RAGE simulations. Shock breakout from the Sn/Lucite interface and subsequent propagation within the Lucite are measured to provide experimental data for code validation. Radial convergence is examined through comparisons with similarity solutions. Comparison of experimentally measured timing data and simulated shock trajectories will be discussed. Further efforts compare equation-of-state effects by utilizing. an analytic Grueneisen EOS instead of the original SESAME tables. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kanzleiter, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B-220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 143 EP 146 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900028 ER PT S AU Hill, LG AF Hill, LG BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Development of the Lanl Sandwich Test SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The Sandwich test is a slab-variant of the ubiquitous copper cylinder test, and is used to obtain high explosive product equation-of-state information in the same manner as its predecessor. The motivation for slab geometry is 1) better high-pressure resolution, and 2) the ability to accommodate initial temperature extremes for solid explosive samples. The present design allows initial temperatures from -55 C to 75 C. The pros and cons of the two geometries are discussed, followed by a description of the mechanical design and instrumentation. Sample data for several ambient PBX 9501 tests demonstrates excellent data quality and repeatability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900029 ER PT S AU Vandersall, KS Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Urtiew, PA Garcia, F AF Vandersall, KS Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Urtiew, PA Garcia, F BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Re-shock experiments in LX-17 to investigate reacted equation of state SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Experimental data from measurements of the reacted state of an energetic material are desired to incorporate reacted states in modeling by computer codes. In a case such as LX-17, where the time dependent kinetics of reaction is still not fully understood and the reacted state may evolve over time, this information becomes even more vital. Experiments were performed utilizing a 101 mm gun to measure the reacted state of LX-17 using a re-shock method. This method involves backing the energetic material with thin plates (of a known equation of state) that reflect a shock back into the detonated material. Thus, by measuring the parameters of this reflected wave, information on the reacted state can be obtained. The experiments were driven by a projectile to near the CJ state ensuring a quick transition to detonation near the front of the sample. Embedded manganin piezoresistive gauges were used to measure the pressure profiles at different Lagrange positions during the event. A discussion of this work will include the experimental setup utilized,. pressure gauge profiles, data interpretation, and future experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vandersall, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, 7000 E Ave,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 153 EP 156 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900030 ER PT S AU Shaw, MS AF Shaw, MS BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI A hybrid Monte Carlo method for equilibrium equation of state of detonation products SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID SIMULATION; ENSEMBLE AB A new hybrid Monte Carlo method has been developed that allows the direct simulation of detonation products for 'real' explosives such as HMX, TATB, PBX 950 1, and PBX 9502. Chemical equilibrium composition, solid carbon, and phase separation are included. The method is called a hybrid because the solid carbon phases (bulk and/or cluster) are encorporated using analytic models, while the fluid components are explicitly included in the Monte Carlo simulation. Chemical reactions are treated by a correlated interchange of atoms between species. Solid carbon enters as virtual particles with an associated Gibbs free energy. Preliminary results are presented for HMX products including the effects of cross potentials on EOS and equilibrium composition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T14, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shaw, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T14, MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900031 ER PT S AU Howard, WM Fried, LE Souers, PC Vitello, PA AF Howard, WM Fried, LE Souers, PC Vitello, PA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Calculation of chemical detonation waves with hydrodynamics and a thermochemical equation of state SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We model detonation waves for solid explosives, using 2-D Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics, with an equation of state (EOS) based on thermochemical equilibrium, coupled with simple kinetic rate laws for a few reactants. The EOS for the product species is based on an exponential-6 potential model, whose parameters are fitted to a wide range of shock Hugoniot and static compression data. We show some results for the non-ideal explosive, urea nitrate. Such a model is a powerful tool for studying such processes as initiation, and detonation wave propagation as a function of cylindrical radius. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Howard, WM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900032 ER PT S AU Davis, LL Hill, LG AF Davis, LL Hill, LG BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI ANFO cylinder tests SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Cylinder test data is reported for commercially available prilled ANFO (ammonium-nitrate/fuel-oil) at 0.93 g/cc density and ambient temperature. The tests were four-inch inner diameter, with wall-thickness and length scaled from the standard one-inch test (0.4 inch and 48 inch, respectively). The wall expansion was measured with a rotating mirror streak camera and the velocity was measured by fine-wire pin switches, in the standard manner. The wall expansion trajectory is much smoother than for conventional explosives, which show a pronounced jump-off with subsequent ring-up. This observation is consistent with a broadened detonation shock in the granular bed. The data is analyzed for equation-of-state information and JWL parameters axe given. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, LL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900033 ER PT S AU Zaug, JM Howard, WM Fried, LE Hansen, DW AF Zaug, JM Howard, WM Fried, LE Hansen, DW BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Detonation product EOS studies: Using ISLS to refine cheetah SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID METHANOL; STATE AB Knowledge of an effective interatomic potential function underlies any effort to predict or rationalize the properties of solids and liquids. The experiments we undertake are directed towards determination of equilibrium and dynamic properties of simple fluids at densities sufficiently high that traditional computational methods and semi-empirical forms successful at ambient conditions may require reconsideration. In this paper we present high-pressure and temperature experimental sound speed data on a simple fluid, methanol. Impulsive Stimulated Light Scattering (ISLS) conducted on diamond-anvil cell (DAC) encapsulated samples offers an experimental approach to determine cross-pair potential interactions through equation of state determinations. In addition the kinetics of structural relaxation in fluids can be studied. We compare our experimental results with our thermochemical computational model Cheetah. Experimentally grounded computational models provide a good basis to confidently understand the chemical nature of reactions at extreme conditions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zaug, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 177 EP 180 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900036 ER PT S AU Setchell, RE AF Setchell, RE BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Recent progress in understanding the shock response of ferroelectric ceramics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID DYNAMIC ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; POLED PZT 95/5 AB Ferroelectric ceramics exhibit a permanent remanent polarization, and shock depoling of these materials to achieve pulsed sources of electrical power was proposed in the late 1950s. During the following twenty years, extensive studies were conducted to examine the shock response of ferroelectric ceramics primarily based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Under limited conditions, relatively simple analytical models were found to adequately describe the observed electrical behavior. A more complex behavior was indicated over broader conditions, however, resulting in the incorporation of shock-induced conductivity and dielectric relaxation into analytical models. Unfortunately, few experimental studies were undertaken over the next twenty years, and the development of more comprehensive models was inhibited. In recent years, a strong interest in advancing numerical simulation capabilities has motivated new experimental studies and corresponding model development. More than seventy gas gun experiments have examined several ferroelectric ceramics, with most experiments on lead zirconate titanate having a Zr:Ti ratio of 95:5 and modified with 2% niobium (PZT 95/5). This material is nominally ferroelectric but is near an antiferroelectric phase boundary, and depoling results from a shock-driven phase transition. Experiments have examined unpoled, normally poled, and axially poled PZT 95/5 over broad ranges of shock pressure and peak electric field. The extensive base of new data provides quantitative insights into both the stress and field dependencies of depoling kinetics, and the significance of pore collapse at higher stresses. The results are being actively utilized to develop and refine material response models used in numerical simulations of pulsed power devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900039 ER PT S AU Brannon, RM Montgomery, ST Aidun, JB Robinson, AC AF Brannon, RM Montgomery, ST Aidun, JB Robinson, AC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Macro- and meso-scale modeling of PZT ferroelectric ceramics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB If a PZT ferroelectric ceramic is subjected to an electric field while cooled from a high temperature, the micron-sized polarization domains become ordered into a cone-shaped distribution of orientations centered about the poling direction. Shock-induced phase transformation induces elastic stiffening and depolarization, releasing stored electrostatic energy. Local stress is affected by transformation strain, which feeds back to attenuate the extent of transformation. To investigate how microstructure (texture, crystal symmetry, porosity) affects macroscopic response (breakdown, stress, and permittivity, etc.), we also simulate PZT explicitly at the grain scale. The electrical behavior of PZT depends on the stress at the microscale domains, which can deviate significantly from the macroscopic stress because of porosity. Our macroscopic model couples pore collapse to both the local pressure and shear stress and a distribution in microscale stress is estimated according to the porosity level, permitting high stress regions to depole before lower stress regions. Overviews of these concepts are given. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brannon, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900040 ER PT S AU Montgomery, ST Brannon, RM Robbins, J Setchell, RE Zeuch, DH AF Montgomery, ST Brannon, RM Robbins, J Setchell, RE Zeuch, DH BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Simulation of the effects of shock stress and electrical field strength on shock-induced depoling of normally poled PZT 95/5 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Shock-induced depoling of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 is utilized in pulsed power applications. Experiments to examine the shock response of normally poled PZT 95/5 under uniaxial strain conditions show that depoling kinetics, as reflected in current generation through an external circuit, is inhibited by both decreasing the shock pressure and increasing the electric field within the ceramic. A model to describe the response of the ferroelectric ceramic has been developed and implemented into simulation codes. Measured currents in the external circuit and transmitted waveforms at a window interface have been compared with results from simulations for experiments with shock pressures varying from 0.6 to 4.6 GPa and electric fields varying from 0.3 to 37 kV/cm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Montgomery, ST (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900041 ER PT S AU Furnish, MD Robbins, J Trott, WM Chhabildas, LC Lawrence, RJ Montgomery, ST AF Furnish, MD Robbins, J Trott, WM Chhabildas, LC Lawrence, RJ Montgomery, ST BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Multi-dimensional validation impact tests on PZT 95/5 and ALOX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Multi-dimensional impact tests were conducted on the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 and alumina-loaded epoxy (ALOX) encapsulants, with the purpose of providing benchmarks for material models in the ALEGRA wavecode. Diagnostics used included line-imaging VISAR (velocity interferometry), a key diagnostic for such tests. Results from four tests conducted with ALOX cylinders impacted by nonplanar copper projectiles were compared with ALEGRA simulations. The simulation produced approximately correct attenuations and divergence, but somewhat higher wave velocities. Several sets of tests conducted using PZT rods (length: diameter ratio = 5:1) encapsulated in ALOX, and diagnosed with line-imaging and point VISAR, were modeled as well. Significant improvement in wave arrival times and waveforms agreement for the two-material multi-dimensional experiments was achieved by simultaneous multiple parameter optimization on multiple one-dimensional experiments. Additionally, a variable friction interface was studied in these calculations. We conclude further parameter optimization is required for both material models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Furnish, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 205 EP 208 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900042 ER PT S AU Setchell, RE Tuttle, BA Voigt, JA Venturini, EL AF Setchell, RE Tuttle, BA Voigt, JA Venturini, EL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Effects of initial porosity on the shock response of normally poled PZT 95/5 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Early studies of the ferroelectric ceramic PZT 95/5 indicated that the initial porosity could have strong effect on material response under shock loading. The porosity can be modified through the addition of organic pore formers that are pyrolyzed during ceramic firing. In the present study, the shock response of PZT 95/5 materials having different porous microstructures has been examined. Pore formers were added in quantities from 0.45 to 4.0 weight percent, resulting in sample densities from 7.65 to 6.98 g/cm(3) and corresponding void volume fractions of 4% to 13%. Gas gun experiments were conducted to examine the response of these materials under uniaxial strain conditions. Transmitted wave profiles in unpoled and normally poled samples were obtained using laser interferometry (VISAR), and depoling currents into short-circuit loads were measured with normally poled samples. The results to date show that both mechanical and electrical properties of PZT 95/5 are quite sensitive to the level of porosity, but not the pore morphology. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Setchell, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900043 ER PT S AU Davis, JP Hayes, DB Asay, JR Watts, PW Flores, PA Reisman, DB AF Davis, JP Hayes, DB Asay, JR Watts, PW Flores, PA Reisman, DB BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Investigation of liquid-solid phase transition using Isentropic Compression Experiments (ICE) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Isentropic ramp-wave loading of materials is a novel method to study the kinetics of phase transitions, particularly in regimes that cannot be accessed by shock-loading techniques. The Sandia Saturn accelerator produces magnetically driven planar ramp waves of 200-300 ns rise time in an aluminum drive plate, which then propagate into a material sample. In this way, molten tin initially at 600-700 K was isentropically loaded to 160-220 kbar, driving it across the liquid-solid phase boundary. VISAR measurements at a sapphire window interface show possible evidence of nonequilibrium freezing in tin with a characteristic transition time around 100 ns. Improved experimental techniques are needed to verify this conclusion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davis, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900046 ER PT S AU Greeff, CW Trinkle, DR Albers, RC AF Greeff, CW Trinkle, DR Albers, RC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Alpha-omega transition in Ti: Equation of state and kinetics SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID TITANIUM; PRESSURES AB We present the construction of free energy functions for the alpha and omega phases of Ti. These free energies combine information from ambient pressure, static high pressure, and shock wave measurements as well as first principles total energy calculations. The Hugoniot data are analyzed in terms of this equation of state. The Hugoniot consists of three segments: a metastable alpha-phase region, a transition region, and an omega-phase branch. The extent of the metastability and time resolved wave profiles are discussed in terms of a model in which the transformation rate depends exponentially on the pressure, an assumption which is motivated by static high-pressure data. This picture is consistent with the observed wave shapes and with the observation that the apparent transformation pressure is dependent on the peak shock pressure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greeff, CW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Greeff, Carl/N-3267-2013 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900047 ER PT S AU Burkett, MW Clancy, SP Maudlin, PJ Holian, KS AF Burkett, MW Clancy, SP Maudlin, PJ Holian, KS BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Modeling anisotropic plasticity: 3D eulerian hydrocode simulations of high strain rate deformation processes SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Previously developed constitutive models and solution algorithms for anisotropic elastoplastic material strength have been implemented in the three-dimensional Conejo hydrodynamics code. The anisotropic constitutive modeling is posed in an unrotated material frame of reference using the theorem of polar decomposition to obtain rigid body rotation. Continuous quadratic yield functions fitted from polycrystal simulations for a metallic hexagonal-close-packed structure were utilized. Simple rectangular shear problems, R-Value problems, and Taylor cylinder impact data were used to verify and validate the implementation of the anisotropic model. A stretching rod problem (involving large strain and high strain-rate deformation) was selected to investigate the effects of material anisotropy. Conejo simulations of rod topology were compared for two anisotropic cases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Primary Design & Assessment Grp X4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burkett, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Primary Design & Assessment Grp X4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900060 ER PT S AU Morris, JP Glenn, LA Antoun, TH Lomov, IN AF Morris, JP Glenn, LA Antoun, TH Lomov, IN BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Numerical investigation into the performance of a rarefaction shock wave cutter for offshore oil-gas platform removal SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The phase change in iron at 13 GPa results in the formation of rarefaction shock waves (RSWs) upon release. The interaction of multiple RSWs induces high tensile stresses within a narrow zone, causing smooth spall. This effect can be exploited to sever cylindrical cross-section pipes, such as those supporting decommissioned offshore oil and gas platforms, using a minimal amount of explosive. Consequently, costs can be reduced and environmental impact minimized. We discuss numerical techniques used to simulate RSWs and the damage to steel resulting from the interaction of multiple RSWs. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900062 ER PT S AU Lawrence, RJ Mehlhorn, TA Haill, TA Budge, KG Trucano, TG Cochrane, KR MacFarlane, JJ AF Lawrence, RJ Mehlhorn, TA Haill, TA Budge, KG Trucano, TG Cochrane, KR MacFarlane, JJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Analysis of radiation-driven jetting experiments on NOVA and Z SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We have used the shock-physics code ALEGRA to study radiation-driven jetting experiments on both NOVA and Z. Emphasis is on validating the numerical techniques with NOVA measurements, and examining the feasibility of scaling up those experiments by an order of magnitude for the Z-pinch facility. The jetting problem involves a 100-mum-scale aluminum pin surrounded by a gold washer that was exposed to a 5-ns x-ray load from a NOVA hohlraum. The configuration leads to jetting phenomena along the cylindrical axis of symmetry. This setup has been scaled up physically by an order of magnitude for qualitatively similar experiments on the Z-pinch machine using a nominal 50-ns-wide radiation pulse. Post-processing of the ALEGRA output using the spectral analysis code SPECT3D shows that diagnostics using the Z-Beamlet Backlighter are feasible with this larger geometry. Comparisons with the NOVA results show that the simulations represent the actual phenomena well, and give confidence in the accuracy of the calculations for the proposed Z experiments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lawrence, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900063 ER PT S AU Valone, SM AF Valone, SM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Non-newtonian viscosity effects at shocked fluid interfaces SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID MESHKOV MIXING FRONTS; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; MODELS AB The regime under consideration here is one in. which a polymeric material is shocked strongly enough to behave as a fluid, but not as a simple fluid. The present work takes a case-study approach in which several models of shear-rate-dependent viscosities are applied to a Richtmyer-Meshkov shock instability at high-viscosity polymeric interface. The early instability growth regime is modeled with the viscosity dependence of Mikaelian and the late growth regime is modeled with an aerodynamic viscous-drag model. Shear-rate dependencies of the viscosities can change the shape of the early growth, while altering the decay in growth rate at later times. Both of these effects should be observable in experiments. The results suggest that the shear-rate relaxation times will need to be known to better than an order of magnitude for prediction purposes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900064 ER PT S AU Henninger, RJ AF Henninger, RJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Sensitivities for Taylor-test model parameters SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The Taylor-Cylinder test has long been used to calibrate equation-of-state and material-strength models. The process consists of impacting a cylinder of material on a rigid anvil and adjusting the model parameters to predict the resultant shape. Here we discuss the use of Automatic Differentiation (AD) of an Eulerian hydrodynamics model to provide sensitivities that are used as a gradient in the parameter fitting process. We apply AD in the forward and adjoint modes. For comparison, the gradient is also determined by finite differences. We find that adjoint methods provide the most efficient use of computational resources when there are 9 or more parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henninger, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 299 EP 302 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900065 ER PT S AU Carroll, DE Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Winfree, NA Kerley, GI AF Carroll, DE Chhabildas, LC Reinhart, WD Winfree, NA Kerley, GI BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Computational characterization of three-stage gun flier plate launch SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID KM/S AB In three-stage gun experimental situations, a flier-plate can be launched using graded-density impact of stationary target plates. In such cases, the launch plate's velocity and state can be obtained from highly resolved computational simulations of the launch of the flier plate. The computational tools used for simulation must be validated for such a use by comparing predictions of launch plate velocity with measurements of the flier from experiments dedicated to such a measurement. This work reports the results of several simulations of the launch of Ti6-Al-4V plates at velocities from 7 km/s to I I km/s. The experimental configuration for measurements of flier-plate velocity is briefly described. The computed velocity of the flier is compared to velocity interferometer measurements. Excellent agreement is noted. Calculational results can therefore be used if the velocity and state of a launch plate can not be measured simultaneously with experimental measurements of a target. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carroll, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900067 ER PT S AU Demmie, PN AF Demmie, PN BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Modeling and simulation of explosively driven electromechanical devices SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Components that store electrical energy in ferroelectric materials and produce currents when their permittivity is explosively reduced are used in a variety of applications. The modeling and simulation of such devices is a challenging problem since one has to represent the coupled physics of detonation, shock propagation, and electromagnetic field generation. The high fidelity mode-ling and simulation of complicated electromechanical devices was not feasible prior to having the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) computers and the ASCI developed codes at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The EMMA computer code is used to model such devices and simulate their operation. In this paper, I discuss the capabilities of the EMMA code for the modeling and simulation of one such electromechanical device, a slim-loop ferroelectric (SFE) firing set. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Demmie, PN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Box 5800,MS0820, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900068 ER PT S AU Germann, TC AF Germann, TC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of shock-induced plasticity, phase transformations and detonation SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID WAVES; COMPRESSION; CRYSTAL AB Modem computers enable routine multimillion-atom molecular dynamics simulations of shock propagation in solids using realistic interatomic potentials, and offer a direct insight into the atomistic processes underlying plasticity, phase transformations, and the detonation of energetic materials. Past, present, and prospects for future simulations will be discussed in the context of prototypical systems for each of these three classes of problems. Initial samples ranging from perfect single crystals, to those with specific isolated defects, to full-fledged polycrystalline materials will be considered. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div X7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Germann, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div X7, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900073 ER PT S AU Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL AF Kadau, K Germann, TC Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Shock-induced structural phase transformations studied by large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID METALS AB Shock waves in martensitic Fe (bcc) induce a complex relaxation mechanism behind the shock front. Non-equilibrium multimillion-atom molecular-dynamics simulations demonstrate that for shock strengths above the threshold for plastic deformation, small grains of austenite (hcp, fcc) nucleate in the martensite matrix. The subsequent growth and orientation of the austenitic grains strongly depend on the crystallographic shock direction and the shock strength. Crystallographic orientational relationships between the unshocked and shocked material are quite similar to that found in the temperature-driven structural transformations (i.e. martensitic and austenitic transformations) in iron-based alloys. The influence of the specific potential on the qualitative and the quantitative results of the simulations will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadau, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 351 EP 354 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900077 ER PT S AU Hammerberg, JE Germann, TC Holian, BL AF Hammerberg, JE Germann, TC Holian, BL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Shock waves in dusty plasmast SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CRYSTALS; SCALE AB It will soon become possible to create confined dusty plasmas in microgravity environments with particle numbers approaching 10(6). Very high plasma Gamma's are possible, Gamma>10(3). Characteristic time and length scales for these systems are of the order 100 msec and 500 mum. Consequently the possibility now exists for observing microscopic dynamics in real time. We present molecular dynamics simulations of such a confined system under shock loading and discuss the nature of the microscopic deformations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900079 ER PT S AU Sewell, TD Bedrov, D Menikoff, R Smith, GD AF Sewell, TD Bedrov, D Menikoff, R Smith, GD BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Elastic properties of HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE HMX; SIMULATIONS AB Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been used to calculate isothermal elastic properties for beta-, alpha-, and delta-HMX. The complete elastic tensor for each polymorph was determined at room temperature and pressure via analysis of microscopic strain fluctuations using formalism due to Rahman and Parrinello [J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2662 (1982)]. Additionally, the isothermal compression curve was computed for beta-HMX for 0 less than or equal to p less than or equal to 10.6 GPa; the bulk modulus K and its pressure derivative K' were obtained from two fitting forms employed previously in e experimental studies of the beta-HMX equation of state. Overall, the results indicate good agreement between the bulk modulus predicted from the measured and calculated compression curves. The bulk modulus determined directly from the elastic tensor of beta-HMX is in significant disagreement with the compression curve-based results. The explanation for this discrepancy is an area of current research. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Detonat Theory & Applicat Grp, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sewell, TD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Detonat Theory & Applicat Grp, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B-214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900088 ER PT S AU Kline, K Horie, Y Dick, JJ Wang, W AF Kline, K Horie, Y Dick, JJ Wang, W BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Impact response of PBX 9501 below 2 GPA SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB DDEM2, a discrete element code, is used to model plane shock-wave profiles in unreacted PBX 9501. The constitutive properties of the material are modeled in terms of hydrostatic pressure and viscoelastic shear stress. The former is modeled using Hugoniot data. The latter is represented by a relaxation functional, which is approximated by a three-term Prony series. Material parameters were found to give a satisfactory fit to the measurements. The relaxation times are 1x10(-7)s, 1x10(-6)s, and an elastic assumption. A single shear modulus is reintroduced at the beginning of unloading. The unloading elastic component is 5x10(10) dynes/cm(2) and the relaxation time is 4x10(-7)s. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kline, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900091 ER PT S AU Mulford, RN Swift, DC AF Mulford, RN Swift, DC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Mesoscale modelling of shock initiation in HMX-based explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Hydrocode calculations are used to simulate initiation in single- and double-shock experiments on several HMX-based explosives. Variations in the reactive behavior of these materials reflects the differences between binders in the material, providing information regarding the sensitivity of the explosive to the mechanical properties of the constituents. Materials considered axe EDC-37, with a soft binder, PBX-9501, with a relatively malleable binder, and PBX-9404, with a stiff binder. Bulk reactive behavior of these materials is dominated by the HMX component and should be comparable, while the mechanical response varies. The reactive flow model is temperature-dependent, based on a modified Arrhenius rate. Some unreacted material is allowed to react at a rate given by the state of the hotspot rather than the bulk state of the unreacted explosive, according to a length scale reflecting the hotspot size, and a time scale for thermal equilibration. The Arrhenius rate for HMX is assumed to be the same for all compositions. The initiation data for different HMX-based explosives are modelled by choosing plausible parameters to describe the reactive and dissipative properties of the binder, and hence the behavior of the hotspots in each formulation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, E 530, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 415 EP 418 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900092 ER PT S AU Clements, BE Mas, EM AF Clements, BE Mas, EM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Modeling high explosives with the Method of Cells and Mori-Tanaka effective medium theories SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The Method of Cells (MOC) has been applied to a PBX 9501 composite, consisting of large explosive grains embedded in a small grain-binder mixture, to determine its thermal-mechanical properties. To treat the bimodal size distribution of grains, in the framework of the MOC, we assign one of eight MOC cells to model the effects of large grains and the remaining seven cells to model the small grain-binder mixture. We have applied a modified Mori-Tanaka effective medium theory to model the small grain-binder mixture. Spherical as well as randomly oriented ellipsoidal grains can be treated. This theory allows us to model the individual properties of the constituents: binder viscoelasticity, and grain elastic-plastic-damage behavior. Interfacial debonding between the grains and binder can be incorporated as needed. The method's predictions are compared to uniaxial measurements. [Research supported by the USDOE under contract W-7405-ENG-36.]. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clements, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 427 EP 430 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900095 ER PT S AU Thissell, WR Zurek, AK Macdougall, DAS Miller, D Everett, R Geltmacher, A Brooks, R Tonks, D AF Thissell, WR Zurek, AK Macdougall, DAS Miller, D Everett, R Geltmacher, A Brooks, R Tonks, D BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The effect of material cleanliness on dynamic damage evolution in 10100 Cu SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Two different plates of 10100 Cu (> 99.99 % Cu) were incipiently failed using flyer plate impact in a gas gun equipped with soft recovery. One plate has a grain size of 53 mum and the other, 63 mum. The cleanliness of the plates was assessed using the cold crucible melt technique. The smaller grain sized material has a number density of second phase particles about four times higher than the other material, but with a smaller mean size. The size distribution of second phase particles is well represented by a log normal distribution. The Stepanov corrected spall strength, as measured by a VISAR, of larger grain sized material is about 50 % higher than that of the other material under incipient loading conditions. The difference in spall strength between the materials decreases with increasing shock pressure. Void nucleation plays a dominant role in describing the resulting porosity distribution in the incipiently failed samples. The cause of the difference in spall strength between the plates is attributed to differences in the second phase particle characteristics of the material. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relationships, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thissell, WR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relationships, MST-08,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900106 ER PT S AU Gray, GT Bourne, NK Millett, JCF Lopez, MF Vecchio, KS AF Gray, GT Bourne, NK Millett, JCF Lopez, MF Vecchio, KS BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Influence of microstructural anisotropy on the spallation of 1080 eutectoid steel SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID CYLINDER IMPACT TEST; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB While the influence of crystallographic texture on elastic and plastic constitutive response has seen extensive investigation in recent years, the influence of texture on the dynamic fracture of engineering materials remains less extensively explored. In particular, the influence of anisotropy, both textural and morphological, on the spallation behavior of materials remains poorly quantified. In this study, the spallation response of 1080-steel has been studied as a function of microstructural morphological anisotropy. In this study the influence of elongated MnS stringers, resident within a crystallographically isotropic eutectoid steel, on the spallation response of 1080 steel was investigated. The spallation response of a fully-pearlitic 1080 steel loaded to 5 GPa was found to be dominated by the heterogeneous nucleation of damage normal and orthogonal to the MnS stringers. Delamination between the matrix pearlitic microstructure and the MnS stringers was seen to correlate to a significantly lower pull-back signal during transverse loading than loading parallel to the stringer axis. The "pull-back" signals and post-spallation metallographic observations are discussed with reference to the influence of microstructural anisotropy on void nucleation and growth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vecchio, Kenneth/F-6300-2011 OI Vecchio, Kenneth/0000-0003-0217-6803 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900107 ER PT S AU Chhabildas, LC Trott, WM Reinhart, WD Cogar, JR Mann, GA AF Chhabildas, LC Trott, WM Reinhart, WD Cogar, JR Mann, GA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Incipient spall studies in tantalum microstructural effects SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Gas gun experiments combined with line-imaging ORVIS velocity interferometric techniques have been used to determine the loading and spall behavior of tantalum at incipient-spall and totally-spalled conditions. An impact velocity of similar to0.26 km/s is necessary to induce the incipient spall conditions in tantalum, while it appears that at impact velocities of 0.36 km/s, spallation is almost complete. A 2-mm-long ORVIS line segment is used, so that microstructural effects of spallation at a spatial resolution of less than 50 microns could be determined. Results of these experiments demonstrate a unique feature of this novel test methodology at a microstructural level. The line ORVIS images over this 2-mm segment indicate significant differences in particle-velocity variations in the spall pull-back signal. The observed fluctuations in particle velocity measurements reveal the nucleation and growth of voids and defects in real time at a microstructural level. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chhabildas, LC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900108 ER PT S AU Schwartz, AJ Cazamias, JU Fiske, PS Minich, RW AF Schwartz, AJ Cazamias, JU Fiske, PS Minich, RW BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Grain size and pressure effects on spall strength in copper SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We are executing a systematic study to quantify the effects of specific microstructural features on the spall behavior of 99.999% copper. Single crystals with [100] orientation, polycrystals with three grain sizes, and internally oxidized single crystals are shocked with Cu flyers at velocities from 300 to 2000 m/s using a 35-mm single/two-stage light gas gun. VISAR measurements of the free surface velocity are used to characterize the spall pullback signal and details of the ringing. The high purity single crystals exhibit the highest spall strength followed by the large, medium and small grain size polycrystalline samples. Cu - 0.15 wt.% Si single crystals have been internally oxidized to produce a fine dispersion of 350 nm silica particles. These samples exhibit the lowest spall strength, a factor of two and greater below the high purity single crystals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwartz, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-355,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 491 EP 494 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900110 ER PT S AU Robbins, DL Kelly, AM Alexander, DJ Hanrahan, RJ Snow, RC Gehr, RJ Rupp, TD Sheffield, SA Stahl, DB AF Robbins, DL Kelly, AM Alexander, DJ Hanrahan, RJ Snow, RC Gehr, RJ Rupp, TD Sheffield, SA Stahl, DB BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Dynamic properties of shock loaded thin uranium foils SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A series of spall experiments has been completed with thin depleted uranium targets, nominally 0.1 mm thick. The first set of uranium spall targets was cut and ground to final thickness from electro-refined, high-purity, cast uranium. The second set was rolled to final thickness from low purity uranium. The impactors for these experiments were laser-launched 0.05-mm thick copper flyers, 3 mm in diameter. Laser energies were varied to yield a range of flyer impact velocities. This resulted in varying degrees of damage to the uranium targets, from deformation to complete spall or separation at the higher velocities. Dynamic measurements of the uranium target free surface velocities were obtained with dual velocity interferometers. Uranium targets were recovered and sectioned after testing. Free surface velocity profiles were similar for the two types of uranium, but spall strengths (estimated from the magnitude of the pull-back signal) are higher for the high-purity cast uranium. Velocity profiles and microstructural evidence of spall from the sectioned uranium targets are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robbins, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 499 EP 502 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900112 ER PT S AU Sorenson, DS Minich, RW Romero, JL Tunnell, TW Malone, RM AF Sorenson, DS Minich, RW Romero, JL Tunnell, TW Malone, RM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Ejecta particle size distributions for shock-loaded Sn and Al targets SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID FRAUNHOFER AB When a shock wave interacts at the surface of a metal sample "ejected matter" (ejecta) can be emitted from the surface. The mass, size, shape, and velocity of the ejecta varies depending on the initial shock conditions and the material properties of the target. To understand this phenomena, experiments have been conducted at the Pegasus Pulsed Power Facility (PPPF) located at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The facility is used to implode cylinders to velocities of many mm/musec. The driving cylinder impacts a smaller target cylinder where shock waves of a few hundreds of kilobars can be reached and ejecta formation proceeds. The ejecta particle sizes are measured for shock loaded Sn and Al metal samples using an in-line Fraunhofer holography technique. The distributions will be compared to calculations from 3 and 2 dimensional percolation theory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sorenson, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900120 ER PT S AU Clements, BE Mas, EM Gray, GT AF Clements, BE Mas, EM Gray, GT BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Investigation of the observed anisotropic fracture in steels SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A theory has been developed to model the fracture of 1080 steels. In the process of hot rolling, high aspect ratio MnS inclusions condense in 1080 steels. The inclusions align along the rolling direction. Even though the volume concentration of these inclusions is low, fractography has shown that they have a substantial effect on the fracture characteristics of the steel. We use the Method of Cells (MOC) to model this system with a (2x2x2) representative volume element to model micro-structural effects. One of the eight MOC cells contains an elongated MnS inclusion while the remaining seven cells contain pure 1080 steel. The steel is modeled using the von Mises plasticity model. Weak interfacial bonding between the MnS and 1080 steel is assumed. We compare MOC with TEPLA to study the void growth characteristics of the MOC theory. Finally, we implement the MOC theory in the finite-element code EPIC, carry out 3-dimensional plate impact experiments, and compare our results with the plate impact experiments of Gray and Bourne. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clements, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 535 EP 538 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900121 ER PT S AU Mas, EM Clements, BE Blumenthal, WR Cady, CA Gray, GT AF Mas, EM Clements, BE Blumenthal, WR Cady, CA Gray, GT BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Applying micro-mechanics to finite element simulations of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar experiments on high explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We have developed a constitutive theory based on the Method of Cells and a modified Mori-Tanaka (MT) effective medium theory to model high explosives. MT effective medium theory allows us to model the smaller explosive grains in the viscoelastic matrix while the Method of Cells partitions the representative volume element into a single subcell designating a large grain, and the remaining subcells for the small grain-binder mixture. The model is then implemented into the finite-element code EPIC. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experiments are simulated. We compare the predicted incident, transmitted and reflected strains with SHPB experimental values. [Research supported by the USDOE under contract W-7405-ENG-36.] C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mas, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 539 EP 542 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900122 ER PT S AU Horie, Y Yano, K AF Horie, Y Yano, K BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Nonequilibrium fluctutations in shock compression of polycrystalline alpha-iron SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We report a numerical study of heterogeneous and non-equilibrium fluctuations in shock compression of alpha-iron at the grain level. A quasi-molecular code called DM2 is used to model the interactions of a plane shock wave with grain boundaries and crystal anisotropy over the pressure range of 5-45 GPa. Highly transient eddies that were reported earlier are again observed. We show new features through an elementary statistical analysis. They are (1) a characteristic decay constant for the non-equilibrium fluctuation on the order of 20ns, (2) a resonance phenomenon at an intermediate shock pressure, and (3) a more uniform shock structure for very high pressures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horie, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 553 EP 556 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900125 ER PT S AU Cazamias, JU AF Cazamias, JU BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The effects of shear banding in 6-4 titanium on round and square Taylor impacts SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The most common use of the Taylor impact test is not to measure the dynamic flow stresses of materials, but to validate and/or calibrate constitutive models by comparing the shapes of recovered cylinders with computer predictions. Importantly, the Taylor test provides a link between the intermediate strain rates of the split-Hopkinson bar and the extremely high strain rates of the plate impact test. While round specimens (essentially a 2D experiment) are commonly used, square samples have the advantage of providing a true three dimensional experimental setting. In particular, the interaction of release waves along the diagonals allows for the possibility of geometric strain localization which suggests shear banding. We performed round and square Taylor impacts on 6-4 Titanium (a known shear banding material) to see if we could observe differences in behavior. We observed that square specimens undergo significantly larger amounts of shear band deformation when compared to round bars at a given velocity. As the velocity is increased, the round bars begin to exhibit the behavior of lower velocity square bars. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cazamias, JU (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900133 ER PT S AU Tonks, DL Zurek, AK Thissell, WR AF Tonks, DL Zurek, AK Thissell, WR BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Void coalescence model for ductile damage SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID FRACTURE; PERCOLATION AB A model for void coalescence for high strain rate ductile damage in metals is presented. The basic mechanism is void linking through an instability in the intervoid ligament. The formation probability of void clusters is calculated, as a function of cluster size, imposed stress, and strain. A wave speed limiting is applied to the cluster size enhancement of cluster growth. Due to lack of space, model formulas are merely described and not derived.. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tonks, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 611 EP 614 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900139 ER PT S AU Kalantar, DH Allen, AM Gregori, F Kad, B Kumar, M Lorenz, KT Loveridge, A Meyers, MA Pollaine, S Remington, BA Wark, JS AF Kalantar, DH Allen, AM Gregori, F Kad, B Kumar, M Lorenz, KT Loveridge, A Meyers, MA Pollaine, S Remington, BA Wark, JS BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Laser driven high pressure, high strain-rate materials experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; COMPRESSION AB Laser-based experiments are being developed to study the response of solids under high pressure loading. Diagnostic techniques that have been applied include dynamic x-ray diffraction, VISAR wave profile measurements, and post-shock recovery and analysis. These techniques are presented with some results from shocked Si, Al, and Cu experiments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kalantar, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900140 ER PT S AU Alexander, DJ Robbins, DL AF Alexander, DJ Robbins, DL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Laser-driven planar impact of miniature specimens of HY-100 steel SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID SPALL AB The deformation and fracture behavior of HY-100, a high-strength steel, under high strain-rate planar-impact conditions, has been studied with the Laser-Driven Miniflyer apparatus. Cold-rolled copper flyers 3 mm in diameter and either 50 or 100 microns thick have been laser-launched against HY-100 targets, 200 microns thick and nominally 10 mm square. The target specimens were sectioned from the 25-mm-thick HY-100 plate in three mutually perpendicular orientations, either parallel or perpendicular to the plate rolling direction. The back-surface response of the HY-100 targets was monitored with dual VISARs. The flyer velocity was varied to produce a range of behavior, from deformation at low velocities, to damage formation at intermediate velocities, and finally to complete spall failure at the highest velocities. The target specimens were sectioned after testing to examine the microstructure and failure processes of the deformed material. Spall strengths were calculated from the VISAR signals. The VISAR traces showed well-defined elastic precursors, which were similar for all orientations of the specimens. The spall strengths, as estimated from the magnitude of the pullback signal, were also similar for all three orientations. The spall strength increased as the flyer impact velocity increased, to values of about 4.6 GPa. Metallographic examination revealed that damage occurred at lower impact velocities in specimens loaded in the through-thickness direction of the plate, as compared to specimens oriented parallel to the plate thickness, but this difference was not reflected in the pull-back signal or the spall strengths. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-6,G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 630 EP 633 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900144 ER PT S AU Mas, EM Clements, BE Blumenthal, WR Cady, CM Gray, GT Liu, C AF Mas, EM Clements, BE Blumenthal, WR Cady, CM Gray, GT Liu, C BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI A viscoelastic model for PBX binders SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Stress-strain measurements done at different rates and temperatures along with measurements of the rate- and temperature-dependent dynamic storage modulus have allowed us to construct a generalized Maxwell model for the linear viscoelastic response of plasticized estane. A theoretical analysis is presented to include effects of impurites. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mas, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T 1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 661 EP 664 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900151 ER PT S AU Blumenthal, WR Cady, CM Lopez, MF Gray, GT Idar, DJ AF Blumenthal, WR Cady, CM Lopez, MF Gray, GT Idar, DJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Influence of temperature and strain rate on the compressive behavior of PMMA and polycarbonate polymers SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Compression stress-strain measurements have been made on commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) polymers as a function of temperature (-197C to 220C) and strain rate. A split-Hopkinson-pressure bar (SHPB) was used to achieve strain rates of about 2500 s(-1) and a servo-hydraulic tester was used for lower strain rate testing (0.001 to 5 s(-1)). The mechanical response of these transparent polymers is quite different. The strength of PC is weakly dependent on strain rate, only moderately dependent on temperature, and remains ductile to -197C. In contrast the strength of PMMA is linearly dependent on temperature and strongly dependent on strain rate. Significantly, PMMA develops cracking and fails in compression with little ductility (7-8% total strain) at either low strain rates and very low temperatures (-197C) or at high strain rates and temperatures very near ambient. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blumenthal, WR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop G-755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900152 ER PT S AU Anderson, MU Setchell, RE Cox, DE AF Anderson, MU Setchell, RE Cox, DE BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Effects of initial temperature on the shock and release behavior of filled and unfilled epoxies SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The shock and release behaviors of both alumina-filled and unfilled epoxies are examined in planar impact experiments over an initial temperature range of -50 to +70 C. The materials under investigation can be used as encapsulants in applications such as shock-activated pulsed power supplies. Characterizing the effect of initial temperature on their dynamic behavior under shock loading and subsequent release is part of a larger effort to develop predictive numerical models for the performance of these power sources. In the current study, transmitted waveforms were recorded using laser interferometry (VISAR) to examine initial temperature effects on the inelastic behavior in these materials. Current results, combined with the results of previous studies of these epoxies at ambient temperature, show a clear trend of increasing inelastic features in compressive waveforms with decreasing temperature. Temperature effects are more pronounced in the filled samples. In both cases, release wave speeds decrease with decreasing temperature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Anderson, MU (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 669 EP 672 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900153 ER PT S AU Baer, MR Trott, WM AF Baer, MR Trott, WM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Mesoscale descriptions of shock-loaded heterogeneous porous materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Recent simulations and experimental studies have revealed that dispersive waves are associated with impact on heterogeneous materials. The shock response includes fluctuating states and localization effects due to the interaction of multiple waves and deformation at material boundaries. These features have been experimentally-observed using a line-imaging interferometer technique in impact tests on thin porous layers of granular sugar crystals. In this work, three-dimensional numerical simulations are discussed. The focus of this study centers on interrogation of the extensive numerical data from mesoscale simulations. Detailed wave fields are probed using imaging and filtering techniques to determine statistical properties of the shock fields. These methods provide statistical distribution information that will lead to new continuum-level descriptions for shock-loaded heterogeneous materials. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baer, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 713 EP 716 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900163 ER PT S AU Cady, CM Gray, GT Liu, C Trujillo, CP Jacquez, BL Mukai, T AF Cady, CM Gray, GT Liu, C Trujillo, CP Jacquez, BL Mukai, T BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Compressive properties of a closed-cell aluminum foam as a function of strain rate and temperature SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID ENERGY-ABSORPTION; ALLOY FOAMS; DEFORMATION AB The compressive deformation behavior of a closed-cell Aluminum foam (ALPORAS) manufactured by Shinko Wire. Co. in Japan was evaluated under static and dynamic loading conditions as a function of temperature. High-strain-rate tests (1000 - 2000/s) were conducted using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). Quasi-static and intermediate strain rate tests were conducted on a hydraulic load frame. Little change in the flow stress behavior as a function of strain rate was measured. The deformation behavior of the Al-foam was however found to be strongly temperature dependent under both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Localized deformation and stress state instability during testing of metal foams will be discussed in detail since the behavior over the entire range of strain rates indicates non-uniform deformation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cady, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Mukai, Toshiji/F-9570-2014; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 OI Mukai, Toshiji/0000-0002-9628-5762; NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 725 EP 728 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900166 ER PT S AU Cazamias, JU Fiske, PS Bless, SJ AF Cazamias, JU Fiske, PS Bless, SJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The Hugoniot elastic limit of alon SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID ELASTOPLASTIC PROPERTIES; PIEZORESISTANCE GAUGES; SHOCK; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE AB We performed plate impact experiments on the transparent polycrystalline ceramic aluminum oxynitride (AlON, transparent alumina). From VISAR measurements, the Hugoniot Elastic Limit, sigma(HEL), is 11.0-11.4 GPa with a corresponding yield strength of 7.2-7.5 GPa. A transverse gauge gives a yield strength of 8.7 GPa for a longitudinal stress of 13.9 GPa, which implies that the failed AlON possesses at least its sigma(HEL) strength. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cazamias, JU (reprint author), LLNL, L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 767 EP 770 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900176 ER PT S AU Cazamias, JU Reinhart, WD Konrad, CH Chhabildas, LC Bless, SJ AF Cazamias, JU Reinhart, WD Konrad, CH Chhabildas, LC Bless, SJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Bar impact tests on alumina (AD995) SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Dynamic strength may be inferred from bar impact tests, although interpretation of the data is affected by the time-to-failure of the target bar. To clarify the mechanics, tests with graded density impactors were conducted on bare and confined bars, 12 and 19 mm in diameter, cut from blocks of AD995 alumina. Manganin gauge and VISAR diagnostics were employed. Larger rods displayed higher strength. In some tests the "true" yield stress of similar to4.5 GPa was achieved. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cazamias, JU (reprint author), LLNL, L-414,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 787 EP 790 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900181 ER PT S AU Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Trott, WM Dandekar, DP AF Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Trott, WM Dandekar, DP BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Investigating multi-dimensional effects in single-crystal sapphire SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID INTERFEROMETER AB Most studies in the past have focused on obtaining uni-axial strain states in shocked materials. In this study, however, results of symmetric impact gas gun experiments on single-crystal C-cut sapphire are described to observe edge relief waves as they propagate toward the center of the sapphire target shocked to high pressures. This is made possible by the recent development of a LINE ORVIS, which measures both spatial and time-resolved particle-velocity variations in materials. A series of experiments have been conducted over the impact velocity from similar to0.25 to 0.8 km/s, and in the elastic regime (except the 0.8km/s experiment). In these experiments, a new line imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system is used over a line segment of 13mm. Edge relief waves are unmistakably visible with local variations following the edge relief wave. Heterogeneous effects following dynamic yielding is also observed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1610, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reinhart, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1610, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 791 EP 794 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900182 ER PT S AU Dick, JJ Martinez, AR AF Dick, JJ Martinez, AR BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Elastic precursor decay in HMX explosive crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE AB VISAR experiments were performed on beta-phase HMX (cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine) crystals to measure the elastic precursor decay as a function of crystal orientation. Strong precursor decay in the first three mm of propagation was observed. There was significant dependence on impact stress, but the decay was about the same for both orientations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp DX1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dick, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp DX1, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 817 EP 820 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900188 ER PT S AU Idar, DJ Thompson, DG Gray, GT Blumenthal, WR Cady, CM Peterson, PD Roemer, EL Wright, WJ Jacquez, BL AF Idar, DJ Thompson, DG Gray, GT Blumenthal, WR Cady, CM Peterson, PD Roemer, EL Wright, WJ Jacquez, BL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Influence of polymer molecular weight, temperature, and strain rate on the mechanical properties of PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Compression and tensile measurements were conducted on newly formulated (baseline) and lower molecular weight (virtually-aged) plastic-bonded T explosive PBX 9501. The PBX 9501 binder system is composed of nitroplasticized Estane 5703,(TM) a polyester polyurethane copolymer. The molecular weight of polyester urethanes can degrade with time as a function of hydrolysis, affecting the mechanical behavior of the polymer or a polymer composite material of high explosives, i.e. PBXs. The molecular weight of Estane 5703(TM) was degraded by exposure to high temperature and humidity for different periods of time, and then formulated to produce "virtually-aged" PBX 9501 specimens. Quasi-static and dynamic compression tests were conducted on the baseline and virtually-aged PBX 9501 as a function of temperature and strain rate. Quasi-static tensile tests were also conducted as a function of temperature and test rate. Rate and temperature dependence was exhibited during both compression and tensile loading. Results also show significant differences between the baseline and virtually-aged specimens for the dynamic compression tests at -15degreesC, and for the quasistatic compression tests at -15degreesC, 22degreesC, and 50degreesC. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Idar, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P915, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 821 EP 824 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900189 ER PT S AU Mang, JT Skidmore, CB Son, SF Hjelm, RP Rieker, TP AF Mang, JT Skidmore, CB Son, SF Hjelm, RP Rieker, TP BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI An optical microscopy and small-angle scattering study of porosity in thermally treated PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Heat transfer and combustion properties of a high explosive (HE) are influenced by the HE microstructure. The development of voids and cracks in an HE system under the conditions of thermal loading can have a strong impact on the safety and reliability of a weapon system. The optical microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques are useful tools for microstructural characterization. A combination of the tools allows lengthscales from hundreds of microns to tenths. of nanometers to be probed, allowing a thorough description of a system's microstructure to be made. We present an optical microscopy and SAXS study of the effects of thermal loading on the microstructure of PBX 9501. Pressed pellets of PBX 9501, an HMX-based system, were heated in an oven at 180 degreesC for periods of 0, 15 and 30 minutes. Optical micrographs reveal the development of large pores in the microstructure with increasing thermal treatment as well as increased cracking and morphological changes of crystal grains, associated with the beta to delta phase transition in HMX. SAXS measurements were performed in order to quantify the observed porosity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mang, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 833 EP 836 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900192 ER PT S AU Trott, WM Chhabildas, LC Baer, MR Castaneda, JN AF Trott, WM Chhabildas, LC Baer, MR Castaneda, JN BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Investigation of dispersive waves in low-density sugar and HMX using line-imaging velocity interferometry SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) has been used in gas-gun impact experiments to compare the mesoscopic scale response of low-density (65% theoretical maximum density) pressings of the explosive HMX to that of an inert simulant (granulated sugar). Dispersive waves transmitted through 2.27- to 6.16-mm-thick beds of the porous sugar typically include mesoscale fluctuations that occur on length scales consistent with those seen in 3-D numerical simulations. Conditions that approximate steady wave behavior occur at a sample thickness greater than or equal to4 mm. Transmitted wave profiles in HMX include complex effects of chemical reaction. For coarse-grain HMX samples, reaction expands vigorously over a narrow range (0.4-0.47 km-s(-1)) of impact velocity. Localized regions of reaction growth are evident in the spatially resolved velocity-time data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 845 EP 848 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900195 ER PT S AU Reisman, DB Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F Cauble, RC Hall, CA Asay, JR Struve, K Furnish, MD AF Reisman, DB Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F Cauble, RC Hall, CA Asay, JR Struve, K Furnish, MD BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Isentropic compression of LX-04 on the Z accelerator SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID WAVES AB Three sets of LX-04 samples of 0.18 and 0.49 mm nominal thicknesses were all dynamically loaded by Sandia's Z-accelerator with a ramp compression wave with a 200 ns rise time and about 160 kb peak stress. The LX-04/lithium fluoride samples interface velocities were measured using VISAR's. Comparisons of experimental and computational results will be given. Compression and release isentropes both show some reaction and kinetic behavior of the LX-04. Experiments were also performed on ultra-fine TATB where PMMA windows were used. Future experiments on single crystals of HMX that are designed to measure the phase transition at high pressures will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reisman, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 849 EP 852 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900196 ER PT S AU Saw, CK Zaug, JM Farber, DL Weeks, BL Aracne, CM AF Saw, CK Zaug, JM Farber, DL Weeks, BL Aracne, CM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Using simultaneous time-resolved SHG and XRD diagnostics to examine phase transitions of HMX and TATB SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB Simultaneous SHG (second harmonic generation) and XRD (x-ray diffraction) diagnostics have been applied to examine the phase behavior of energetic materials, HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) and TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6 trinitrobenzene). This unique capability provides information about both volume and surface effects that occur during the solid-solid transformation process. This paper reports XRD results for HMX and TATB at elevated temperatures and on simultaneous SHG and XRD experiments on HMX at fixed temperature. Our results do not indicate that a solid-solid phase transformation occurs for TATB even at temperatures up to 340degreesC. XRD results on HMX held at 165degreesC and I bar, indicate that the P to 6 transformation is incomplete after a period of 4.5 hours which do not temporally correlate with SHG. Overall information indicates that the observed SHG intensities from surface effects can, in some cases, dominate over volume generated SHG contributions. Finally, we have run in situ AFM scans of HMX at 180degreesC and 184degreesC that show HMX surface area increases by many orders of magnitude after the delta-phase transformation is completed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Saw, CK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 856 EP 859 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900198 ER PT S AU Garcia, F Forbes, JW Tarver, CA Urtiew, PA Greenwood, DW Vandersall, KS AF Garcia, F Forbes, JW Tarver, CA Urtiew, PA Greenwood, DW Vandersall, KS BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Pressure wave measurements from thermal cook-off of an HMX based high explosive PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A better understanding of thermal cook-off is important for safe handling and storing explosive devices. A number of safety issues exist about what occurs when a cased explosive thermally cooks off. For example, violence of the events as a function of confinement is important for predictions of collateral damage. This paper demonstrates how adjacent materials can be gauged to measure the resulting pressure wave and how this wave propagates in this adjacent material. The output pulse from the thermal cook-off explosive containing fixture is of obvious interest for assessing many scenarios. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Garcia, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 882 EP 885 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900204 ER PT S AU Niles, AM Garcia, F Greenwood, DW Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Chidester, SK Garza, RG Swizter, LL AF Niles, AM Garcia, F Greenwood, DW Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Chidester, SK Garza, RG Swizter, LL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Measurement of low level explosives reaction in gauged multi-dimensional Steven impact tests SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID STRESS GAUGES AB The Steven Test was developed to determine relative impact sensitivity of metal encased solid high explosives and also be amenable to two-dimensional modeling. Low level reaction thresholds occur at impact velocities below those required for shock initiation. To assist in understanding this test, multi-dimensional gauge techniques utilizing carbon foil and carbon resistor gauges were used to measure pressure and event times. Carbon resistor gauges indicated late time low level reactions 200-540 mus after projectile impact, creating 0.39-2.00 kb peak shocks centered in PBX 9501 explosives discs and a 0.60 kb peak shock in a LX-04 disk. Steven Test modeling results, based on ignition and growth criteria, are presented for two PBX 9501 scenarios: one with projectile impact velocity just under threshold (51 m/s) and one with projectile impact velocity just over threshold (55 m/s). Modeling results are presented and compared to experimental data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Niles, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-283, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 886 EP 889 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900205 ER PT S AU Forbes, JW Souers, PC Urtiew, PA Vandersall, KS Garcia, F Greenwood, DW Green, L AF Forbes, JW Souers, PC Urtiew, PA Vandersall, KS Garcia, F Greenwood, DW Green, L BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Pressure wave measurements in cylinders of detonating LX-17 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Manganin gauges with temporal resolution of less than 75 ns were used to measure the detonation wave pressure profile in a right cylinder of LX-17 (TATB/Kel-F: 92.5/7.5 wt.%). Three gauges at different Lagrange locations were on the centerline of the 5.08 cm diameter cylinder at distances greater than four times its diameter from the boosted end. At the last gauge plane, seven gauges were placed at the same Lagrange position but spaced radially across the cylinder diameter. Wave curvature and effects of lateral strain in these gauges were measured. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Forbes, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 902 EP 905 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900209 ER PT S AU Catanach, RA Hill, LG AF Catanach, RA Hill, LG BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Diameter effect curve and detonation front curvature measurements for ANFO SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Diameter effect and front curvature measurements are reported for rate stick experiments on commercially available prilled ANFO (ammonium-nitrate/fuel-oil) at ambient temperature. The shots were fired in paper tubes so as to provide minimal confinement. Diameters ranged from 77 mm (approximate to failure diameter) to 205 mm, with the tube length being ten diameters in all cases. Each detonation wave shape was fit with an analytic form, from which the local normal velocity D-n, and local total curvature kappa, were generated as a function of radius R, then plotted parametrically to generate a D-n(kappa) function. The observed behavior deviates substantially from that of previous explosives, for which curves for different diameters overlay well for small kappa but diverge for large kappa, and for which kappa increases monotonically with R. For ANFO, we find that D-n(kappa) curves for individual sticks 1) show little or no overlap-with smaller sticks lying to the right of larger ones, 2) exhibit a large velocity deficit with little kappa variation, and 3) reach a peak kappa at an intermediate R. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Catanach, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 906 EP 909 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900210 ER PT S AU Ferm, EN Morris, CL Quintana, JP Pazuchanic, P Stacy, H Zumbro, JD Hogan, G King, N AF Ferm, EN Morris, CL Quintana, JP Pazuchanic, P Stacy, H Zumbro, JD Hogan, G King, N BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Proton radiography examination of unburned regions in PBX 9502 corner turning experiments SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB PBX 9502 Corner Turning Experiments have been used with various diagnostics techniques to study detonation wave propagation and the boosting of the insensitive explosive. In this work, the uninitiated region of the corner turning experiment is examined using Proton Radiography. Seven transmission radiographs obtained on the same experiment are used to map out the undetonated regions on each of three different experiments. The results show regions of high-density material, a few percent larger than initial explosive density. These regions persist at nearly this density while surrounding material, which has reacted, is released as expected. Calculations using Detonation Shock Dynamics are used to examine the situations that lead to the undetonated regions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ferm, EN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 966 EP 969 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900225 ER PT S AU Menikoff, R AF Menikoff, R BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Compaction wave profiles in granular HMX SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Meso-scale simulations of a compaction wave in a granular bed of HMX have been performed. The grains are fully resolved in order that the change in porosity across the wave front is determined by the elastic-plastic response of the grains rather than an empirical law for the porosity as a function of pressure. Numerical wave profiles of the pressure and velocity are compared with data from a gas gun experiment. The experiment used an initial porosity of 36%, and the wave had a pressure comparable to the yield strength of the grains. The profiles are measured at the front and back of the granular bed. The transit time for the wave to travel between the gauges together with the Hugoniot jump conditions determines the porosity behind the wave front. In the simulations the porosity is determined by the yield strength and stress concentrations at the contact between grains. The value of the yield strength needed to match the experiment is discussed. Analysis of the impedance match of the wave at the back gauge indicates that the compaction wave triggers a small amount of burn, less than 1% mass fraction, on the micro-second time scale of the experiment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 979 EP 982 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900227 ER PT S AU Yano, K Horie, Y Greening, D AF Yano, K Horie, Y Greening, D BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Mechanistic model of hot-spot: A unifying framework SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CONDENSED-PHASE; EXPLOSIVES; IGNITION AB A one dimensional hot-spot model is proposed to consider wide range of ignition scenarios for solid high explosives. Model components commonly found in typical mechanistic hot-spot models are included in the model. They are a finite region of enhanced heating in the solid matrix, a space occupied by gases, heat flow between solid and gas phases, and chemical reaction in the gas phase, at the solid-gas interface, or both. The model also contains advanced features of spherical pore-collapse models. Test calculations based on cyclonite (RDX) data show that the model behavior is comparable to that of spherical models under conditions indicative of shock initiation. Critical conditions for ignition is summarized in a single chart in terms of total energy dissipation, the rate of energy dissipation, and the size of hot-spot. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yano, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 983 EP 986 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900228 ER PT S AU Browning, RV Scammon, RJ AF Browning, RV Scammon, RJ BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Microstructural model of ignition for time varying loading conditions SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A micro-mechanical based model of ignition was developed about five years ago based on a simple inter-granular friction model of mechanical dissipation coupled with a fit to extensive direct numerical simulations of the resulting thermally induced decomposition. The chemical model used was the McGuire-Tarver ODTX based model for HMX decomposition. The resulting power law type model has been reasonably successful in predicting threshold conditions for Steven type experiments. The final power law form was obtained by assuming a constant time history for both the pressure and shear strain rate, resulting in time independent loading conditions for the chemical model. Here we propose to extend the model to handle time varying loading conditions. This is done using a linear operator that models reactive heat transfer simulations done for a wide variety of loading conditions. The linear operator is represented by a convolution integral with Prony series kernel form for efficient numerical implementation. To complete the model the same inter-granular friction model used previously is employed. Comparisons are made with results of numerical simulations and experiments. The technique used here is based on the notion of linearizing the reactive heat transfer problem. Although the chemical model involves four reactions and is highly nonlinear, we effectively linearize the problem around ignition conditions with a linear operator fit. We use a simple power law approximation that gives useful accuracy over at least 4 orders of magnitude in time and fluence. A non-dimensional scaling method is used to determine the final form. We believe the techniques used here could also be used with more detailed chemical models and with other types of mechanical dissipation models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Browning, RV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 987 EP 990 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900229 ER PT S AU Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR Winter, RE Taylor, P Salisbury, DA AF Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR Winter, RE Taylor, P Salisbury, DA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Double shock initiation of the hmx based explosive EDC-37 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We have completed a series of double shock initiation experiments on EDC-37. EDC-37 is a unique HMX based explosive because it has an energetic liquid binder, is composed primarily of fine (< 40 mum) particles, and has a very low void content (< 0.3%) versus 1.5 - 2.0% for other HMX based explosives. It is also considerably less sensitive to initiation by shocks than other HMX based explosives such as PBX 9501. Double shocks were created by impacting the EDC-37 with gas gun launched sapphire impactors faced with a 1 to 1.5 mm thick layer of Kel-F. Varying the impact velocity controlled the magnitude of the shocks, and varying the thickness of the Kel-F layer controlled the duration of the first shock. Wave profiles were measured using embedded electromagnetic particle velocity gauges. Results show buildup to detonation commencing after the first and second waves coalesce into a single shock, provided there is not significant reaction in the first wave. That is, in the doubly shocked region, the explosive is completely desensitized by the first shock. If there is significant reaction in the first wave, the explosive is only partially desensitized. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gustavsen, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 999 EP 1002 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900232 ER PT S AU Farber, DL Esposito, AP Zaug, JM Reaugh, JE Aracne, CM AF Farber, DL Esposito, AP Zaug, JM Reaugh, JE Aracne, CM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI First results of reaction propagation rates in HMX high pressure SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We have measured the reaction propagation rate (RPR) in octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) powder in a diamond anvil cell over the pressure range 0.7-35 GPa. In order to have a cross-comparison of our experiments, we conducted RPR experiments on nitromethane (NM) up to 15 GPa. Our results on NM are indistinguishable from previous measurements of Rice and Foltz. In comparison to high-pressure NM, the burn rates in solid HMX are 5-10 times faster at pressures above 10 GPa. Numerical simulations of the burn rate of pressurized HMX were also performed for comparison to the results obtained. The simulated burn rates closely approximate the observed rates at pressures up to 3 GPa. However, further refinement to the computational model is required for the calculated burn rates to approach those observed at higher pressures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Farber, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1015 EP 1018 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900236 ER PT S AU Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F AF Gustavsen, RL Sheffield, SA Alcon, RR Forbes, JW Tarver, CM Garcia, F BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Embedded electromagnetic gauge measurements and modeling of shock initiation in the TATB based explosives LX-17 and PBX 9502 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We have completed a series of shock initiation experiments on PBX 9502 (95 weight % dry aminated TATB explosive, 5 weight % Kel-F 800 binder) and LX-17 (92.% wet aminated TATB, 7.5 % Kel-F 800). These experiments were performed on the gas/gas two stage gun at Los Alamos. Samples were prepared with ten or eleven embedded electromagnetic particle velocity gauges to measure the evolution of the wave leading up to a detonation. Additionally, one to three shock tracker gauges were used to track the position of the shock front with time and determine the point where detonation was achieved. Wave profiles indicate little delay between formation of hot-spots in the shock front and release of hot-spot energy. In other words, a great deal of the buildup occurs in the shock front, rather than behind it. Run distances and times to detonation as a function of initial pressure are consistent with published data. The Ignition and Growth model with published parameters for LX-17 replicate the data very well. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gustavsen, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1019 EP 1022 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900237 ER PT S AU Thomas, KA Martin, ES Kennedy, JE Garcia, IA Foster, JC AF Thomas, KA Martin, ES Kennedy, JE Garcia, IA Foster, JC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Transient detonation processes in a plastic bonded explosive SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID SHOCK DYNAMICS AB Experiments involving the transfer of detonation from small booster charges of PBXN-5 (95% HMX and 5% Viton A) into larger charges of various plastic-bonded explosives (PBXs) have produced some surprising results and have stimulated investigation into the factors governing observed responses. To understand these results, we conducted a series of tests with different miniature detonator-booster configurations using laser velocimetry to quantify the pressure pulse that is transmitted from the PBXN-5 booster. Models were used to determine the ideal explosive behavior for comparison with the measured results. The differences are interpreted as being due to transient behavior and late-time energy release from the booster charge. We characterize these behaviors as evidence of microdetonics, where we define microdetonics as the study of less-than-CJ detonation performance due to curvature and/or transient behavior. This provides useful insights into the fundamentals of the detonation process that can feed into advanced modeling approaches such as Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thomas, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1031 EP 1034 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900240 ER PT S AU Urtiew, PA Forbes, JW Garcia, F Tarver, CM AF Urtiew, PA Forbes, JW Garcia, F Tarver, CM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Shock initiation of UF-TATB at 250 degrees C SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The shock initiation properties of pure ultrafine grade triaminotrinitrobenzene (UF-TATB) pressed to an initial density of 1.80 g/cm(3) and fired at ambient temperature and 250degreesC are reported. Embedded manganin pressure gauges are used to measure the pressure histories during the buildup to detonation at several input pressures. The ambient temperature results confirm previous run distance to detonation versus shock pressure results. UF-TATB at 250degreesC is shown to be much more shock sensitive than it is at ambient temperature. At high impact pressures, the shock sensitivity of UF-TATB at 250degreesC approaches that of HMX-based explosives under ambient conditions. Ignition and Growth reactive flow models are developed for UF-TATB at both temperatures to allow predictions to be made for other scenarios. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Urtiew, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1039 EP 1042 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900242 ER PT S AU Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Garcia, F Urtiew, PA AF Tarver, CM Forbes, JW Garcia, F Urtiew, PA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Manganin gauge and reactive flow modeling study of the shock initiation of PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB A series of 101mm diameter gas gun experiments was fired using manganin pressure gauges embedded in the HMX-based explosive PBX 9501 at initial temperatures of 20degreesC and 50degreesC. Flyer plate impact velocities were chosen to produce impact pressure levels in PBX 9501 at which the growth of explosive reaction preceding detonation was measured on most of the gauges and detonation pressure profiles were recorded on some of the gauges placed deepest into the explosive targets. All measured pressure histories for initial temperatures of 25degreesC and 50degreesC were essentially identical. Measured run distances to detonation at three input shock pressures agreed with previous results. An existing Ignition and Growth reactive flow computer model for shock initiation and detonation of PBX 9501, which was developed based on LANL embedded particle velocity gauge data, was tested on these pressure gauge results. The agreement was excellent, indicating that the embedded pressure and particle velocity gauge techniques yielded consistent results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tarver, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1043 EP 1046 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900243 ER PT S AU Sheffield, SA Davis, LL Baer, MR Engelke, R Alcon, RR Renlund, AM AF Sheffield, SA Davis, LL Baer, MR Engelke, R Alcon, RR Renlund, AM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Hugoniot and shock initiation studies of isopropyl nitrate SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID DETONATION AB Isopropyl nitrate (IPN) is a liquid explosive of rather low energy. We have measured the sound speed and used it in the universal liquid Hugoniot to produce an estimated Hugoniot for this material. Gas-gun-driven, multiple-magnetic-gauge measurements were made to measure a Hugoniot state at 6 GPa; it was in good agreement with the prediction. Two similar experiments were conducted at higher pressure inputs to study the shock-to-detonation transition in IPN; the high inputs required for initiation necessitated the use of a two-stage gun. One experiment with an input of 9.0 GPa into the IPN produced a run to detonation of about 3 mm and the in-situ particle velocity profiles showed the expected homogeneous initiation behavior of a growing wave behind the shock front that overtakes the front and decays to a steady detonation. The reactive wave in the shocked IPN appears to have achieved a steady superdetonation in both of the initiation experiments. This is the first time a steady superdetonation has been measured with in-situ gauges. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sheffield, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1051 EP 1054 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900245 ER PT S AU Son, SF AF Son, SF BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI The combustion of explosives SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The safe use of energetic materials has been scientifically studied for over 100 years. Even with this long history of scientific inquiry, the level of understanding of the important deflagration phenomena in accidental initiations of high explosives remains inadequate to predict the response to possible thermal and mechanical (impact) scenarios. The search also continues for improved explosives and propellants that perform well, yet are insensitive. Currently, the most significant uncertainties are in the processes immediately following ignition. Once ignition occurs in an explosive, the question then becomes what the resulting violence will be. The classical view is that simple wave propagation proceeds from the ignition point. Recently, several experiments have elucidated the importance of reactive cracks involved in reaction violence in both thermally ignited experiments and impacted explosives, in contrast to classical assumptions. This paper presents a view of reaction violence, in both thermal and mechanical insults, that argues for the importance of reactive cracks, rather than simple wave propagation processes. Recent work in this area will be reviewed and presented. Initial results involving novel energetic materials will also be discussed. Novel materials may yield insight into the mechanisms involved with rapid deflagration processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Son, SF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1059 EP 1064 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900247 ER PT S AU Asay, B Dickson, P Henson, B Smilowitz, L Tellier, L AF Asay, B Dickson, P Henson, B Smilowitz, L Tellier, L BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Effect of temperature profile on reaction violence in heated and self-ignited PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Historically, the location of ignition in heated explosives has been implicated in the violence of subsequent reactions. This is based on the observation that typically, when an explosive is heated quickly, ignition occurs at the surface, leading to premature failure of confinement, a precipitous drop in pressure, and failure of the reaction. During slow heating, reaction usually occurs near the center of the charge, and more violent reactions are observed. Many safety protocols use these global results in determining safety envelopes and procedures. We are conducting instrumented experiments with cylindrical symmetry and precise thermal boundary conditions which are beginning to show that the temperature profile in the explosive, along with the time spent at critical temperatures, and not the location of ignition, are responsible for the level of violence observed. Microwave interferometry was used to measure case expansion velocities which can be considered a measure of reaction violence. We are using the data in a companion study to develop better kinetic models for HMX and PBX 9501. Additionally, the spatially- and temporally-resolved temperature data are being made available for those who would like to use them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Asay, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1065 EP 1068 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900248 ER PT S AU Henson, BF Asay, BW Smilowitz, LB Dickson, PM AF Henson, BF Asay, BW Smilowitz, LB Dickson, PM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Ignition chemistry in HMX from thermal explosion to detonation SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We present a global chemical decomposition model for MIX based materials. The model contains three component processes, the initial beta to delta phase transition, solid to gas decomposition and gas phase ignition, for which all kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are fixed by independent measurement. We present an isothermal ignition calculation over the range of temperatures from thermal explosion to detonation. The calculation is performed for a sphere of material and the critical diameter and time for ignition are determined. The sample diameter, and thus the balance of heat generation and dissipation, is the only degree of freedom in the calculation. The results of the calculation are in good agreement with data with respect to both the ignition times and length scales over the full temperature range of energetic response in HMX. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1069 EP 1072 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900249 ER PT S AU Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF Asay, BW Dickson, PM Robinson, JM AF Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF Asay, BW Dickson, PM Robinson, JM BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Kinetics of the beta-delta phase transition in PBX 9501 SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The initial step in the thermal decomposition of HMX is the solid state phase transition from the centrosymmetric beta form to the noncentrosymmetric delta form. The symmetry change makes the phase transition amenable to the application of second harmonic generation (SHG) as a probe of transition kinetics. We have used SHG to study the temperature dependence of the kinetics for unconfined PBX9501 and HMX. Spatially resolved SHG measurements have shown a nucleation and growth mechanism for the solid state phase transition. We have measured the transition rate as a function of temperature in order to obtain the activation energy and entropy of transition, which determine the phase transition kinetics. Additionally, we have observed temperature dependent reversion of the delta phase to beta phase and have found that we can control the reversion rate by controlling the cooling. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smilowitz, LB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1077 EP 1080 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900251 ER PT S AU Vandersall, KS Thadhani, NN AF Vandersall, KS Thadhani, NN BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Investigation of shock-induced chemical reactions in Mo-Si powder mixtures using instruemted experiments with PVDF stress gauges SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Shock-induced chemical reactions in similar to58% dense Mo+2Si powder mixtures were investigated using time-resolved instrumented experiments employing PVDF-piezoelectric stress gauges placed at the front and rear surfaces of the powders to measure the input and propagated stresses and wave speed through the powder mixture. Experiments performed on the powders at input stresses less than 4 GPa showed characteristics of powder densification and dispersed propagated wave stress profiles with rise time >similar to40 nanoseconds. At input stresses between 4-6 GPa, the powder mixtures showed a sharp rise time ( 1mm by eliminating the formation of low-level shocks. In addition to direct measurements of quai-isentropic material response, the impulse from this loading technique has been demonstrated to launch macroscopic flyer plates to velocities of similar to21 km/s for high-pressure Hugoniot studies. Results of ICE measurements on 6061-T6 aluminum to similar to1 Mbar will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1163 EP 1168 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900270 ER PT S AU Bergstresser, T Becker, S AF Bergstresser, T Becker, S BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Temperature measurement of isentropically accelerated flyer plates SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Two frequently-used methods to accelerate flyer plates to extreme velocity (>10 km/s) are magnetic acceleration and impact of the flyer with a high velocity, layered impactor. In either case the temperature of the flyer is not definitely known, either because of diffusion of the magnetic field into the flyer or the quasi-isentropic nature of the impactor's acceleration. We have measured the temperature of flyers in both methods using radiation thermometry. Our pyrometer has four channels in the range 1.3 to 5.1 microns. It can resolve a 20 ns rise time, a necessary feature in these experiments where the available time can be as short as 200 ns. We have also seen the large temperature rise due to magnetic diffusion in plates that are too thin. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bergstresser, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1169 EP 1172 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900271 ER PT S AU Hayes, D Hall, C AF Hayes, D Hall, C BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Correcting free surface effects by integrating the equations of motion backward in space SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Free surface and window interfaces perturb the flow in compression wave experiments. The velocity of these interfaces is routinely measured in shock-compression experiments using interferometry (i.e., VISAR) and the perturbations must be accounted for before meaningful material property results can be obtained. Using the VISAR results as "initial conditions" we integrate the flow fields backward in space to the interior of the specimen where the VISAR interface has not perturbed the flow at earlier times and results can be interpreted as if the interface had not been present. This provides a rather exact correction for free surface perturbations. The method can also be applied to window interfaces by selecting the appropriate initial conditions. Applications include interpreting Z-accelerator ramp wave experiments. The method can be applied to elastic-plastic and quasi-elastic materials for experiments with multiple layers and multiple reverberations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hayes, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1177 EP 1180 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900273 ER PT S AU Swift, DC Paisley, DL Kyrala, GA Hauer, A AF Swift, DC Paisley, DL Kyrala, GA Hauer, A BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Simultaneous visar and TXD measurements on shocks in beryllium crystals SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Shock waves were induced in single crystals of beryllium, by direct illumination using the TRIDENT laser at Los Alamos. The velocity history at the surface was measured using a line-imaging VISAR, and transient X-ray diffraction (TXD) records were obtained with a, plasma backlighter and X-ray streak cameras. At lower pressures, the VISAR records exhibited an elastic precursor followed by a plastic wave and spall. At higher pressure, the velocity records showed a two-wave structure suggesting a phase change, then at the highest pressure a single broad wave suggesting a shock directly into the high pressure phase. The rocking curves of the crystals were typically about 2 degrees wide, so analysis of the TXD records is complicated by the relatively large amount of blurring. However, the Bragg record of the shocked 0002 peak clearly indicates a smaller lattice paxameter at higher pressure. In the shots where polymorphism seemed to appear in the VISAR record, additional lines appeared in the Bragg record, and new lines also appeared within the field of view of the Laue camera. These results are consistent with a new quantum mechanical equation of state for beryllium, which suggests that the hexagonal to body-centered cubic transition occurs at similar to40 GPa on the principal Hugoniot. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1192 EP 1195 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900277 ER PT S AU Reho, JH Moore, DS Funk, DJ Fisher, GL Rabie, RL AF Reho, JH Moore, DS Funk, DJ Fisher, GL Rabie, RL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Ultrafast spectroscopic investigation of shock compressed glycidyl azide polymer and nitrocellulose films SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB As a first experiment to observe the initial chemical reactions induced by sub-picosecond laser driven shocks in energetic materials, we have investigated thin films of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and nitrocellulose (NC). The GAP and NC films were spin coated onto thin film metal layers that had been vapor coated onto transparent substrates. Sub-picosecond laser pulses were used to launch planar shock waves through the metal layer and into the GAP and NC films. Time-resolved displacement measurements of both GAP and NC films suggest that shock-induced chemical reaction may be occurring. While the GAP film velocity falls as expected between that of the Al free surface and the particle velocity (using the free surface approximation), the displacement measurements in NC films yield velocities lower than the particle velocity. While data modeling discounting reaction has been unsuccessful, FTIR microscopy confirms the presence of unreacted GAP and NC in the shocked regions of the films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reho, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1219 EP 1222 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900283 ER PT S AU Funk, DJ Moore, DS Reho, JH Gahagan, KT McGrane, SD Rabie, RL AF Funk, DJ Moore, DS Reho, JH Gahagan, KT McGrane, SD Rabie, RL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Ultrafast measurement of the optical properties of shocked nickel and laser heated gold SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB We have used high-resolution Frequency Domain Interferometry (FDI) to make the first ultrafast measurement of shock-induced changes in the optical properties of thin nickel (similar to500 nm) targets. Data taken at several angles of incidence allowed the separation of optical effects from material motion, yielding an effective complex index for the shocked material. In contrast to our previous studies of aluminum, measurements with an 800 nm probe wavelength found a phase shift attributable to optical property changes with the same sign as that due to surface motion, during an 11.5 GPa shock breakout. A similar experiment was attempted with thin gold films (similar to180 nm) using Ultrafast Spatial Interferometry (USI). However, since the electron-phonon coupling in gold is extremely weak, a shock is observed as it "forms". Ballistic electrons and electron-electron equilibrium cause fast heating of the electrons in the entire thickness of the thin film, followed by lattice excitation through electron-phonon coupling, eventually leading to melt and frustrated thermal expansion yielding the observed surface motion. We suggest that these experiments offer a new path for observation of phase changes or for temperature measurements, by allowing a determination of the complex index under dynamic loading conditions and comparing the measured values to those obtained under static conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Funk, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1227 EP 1230 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900285 ER PT S AU Hare, DE Webb, DJ Lee, SH Holmes, NC AF Hare, DE Webb, DJ Lee, SH Holmes, NC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Optical extinction of sapphire shock-loaded to 250-260 GPa SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID WAVE; CRYSTALS AB Sapphire, a common optical window material used in shock-compression studies, displays significant shock-induced optical emission and extinction. It is desirable to quantify such non-ideal window behavior to enhance the usefulness of sapphire in optical studies of opaque shock-compressed samples, such as metals. At the highest stresses we can achieve with a two-stage gas gun it is technically very difficult to study the optical properties of sapphire without the aid of some opaque backing material, hence one is invariably compelled to deconvolve the optical effects of the opaque surface and the sapphire. In an effort to optimize this deconvolution process, we have constructed sapphire/thin-film/sapphire samples using two basic types of thin films: one optimized to emit copious optical radiation (the hot-film sample), the other designed to yield minimal emission (the cold-film sample). This sample geometry makes it easy to maintain the same steady shock-stress in the sapphire window (255 GPa in our case) while varying the window/film interface temperature. A six-channel time-resolved optical pyrometer is used to measure the emission from the sample assemblies. Two different sapphire crystal orientations were evaluated. We also comment on finite thermal conductivity effects of the thin-film geometry on the interpretation of our data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hare, DE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1231 EP 1234 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900286 ER PT S AU Obst, AW Alrick, KR Anderson, WW Boboridis, K Buttler, WT Lamoreaux, SK Marshall, BR Montgomery, SL Payton, JR Wilke, MD AF Obst, AW Alrick, KR Anderson, WW Boboridis, K Buttler, WT Lamoreaux, SK Marshall, BR Montgomery, SL Payton, JR Wilke, MD BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Ellipsometry in the study of dynamic material properties SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Measurements of the time-dependent absolute temperature of high-explosive (HE) shocked surfaces provide valuable constraints on the equations-of-state (EOS) of materials and of the state of ejecta from those surfaces. In support of these dynamic surface temperature measurements, we are developing techniques for measuring the dynamic surface emissivity of shocked metals in the near-infrared (IR). These consist of time-dependent laser polarimetric measurements, using several approaches. We include here a discussion of these polarimeter techniques. Polarimetry permits an accurate determination of the dynamic emissivity at a given wavelength, and may also provide a signature of melt in shocked metals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Obst, AW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1247 EP 1250 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900290 ER PT S AU Nguyen, JH Holmes, NC AF Nguyen, JH Holmes, NC BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Shock induced birefringence in lithium fluoride SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS AB We have used an ellipsometer to measure the birefringence of lithium fluoride in shock compression experiments. In previous x-ray diffraction experiments, single crystal [100] LiF has been reported to remain cubic at moderate pressures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nguyen, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1251 EP 1254 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900291 ER PT S AU Moore, DS Funk, DJ Gahagan, KT Reho, JH Fisher, GL McGrane, SD Rabie, RL AF Moore, DS Funk, DJ Gahagan, KT Reho, JH Fisher, GL McGrane, SD Rabie, RL BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Sub-picosecond laser-driven shocks in metals and energetic materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETER; PHASE AB A high-energy sub-picosecond laser was used both to drive a shock into thin film targets and to spectroscopically interrogate the shocked material. Targets were thin films of molecular materials coated or grown upon thin vapor-plated metal films on thin glass substrates, or neat metal films on thin glass substrates. The non-linear optical interaction of the shock-driving laser with the thin glass substrate produced surprisingly flat shock waves. Sub-picosecond time-resolved frequency- and spatial-domain interferometries were used to characterize the shock wave as it transited from the thin metal film into the thin molecular material layer. Overviews of the effect of the pressure-dependent complex index of refraction of the shocked thin film metal layer, ultrafast interferometric interrogation of shocked molecular materials (examples: glycidyl azide polymer and nitrocellulose thin films), and progress in preparation of, as well as the need for, uniform, well oriented, thin energetic material layers appropriate to such highly time-resolved methods are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1333 EP 1338 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900310 ER PT S AU Paisley, DL Swift, DC Johnson, RP Kopp, RA Kyrala, GA AF Paisley, DL Swift, DC Johnson, RP Kopp, RA Kyrala, GA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Laser-launched flyer plates and direct laser shocks for dynamic material property measurements SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The Trident laser at Los Alamos was used to impart known and controlled shocks in various materials by launching flyer plates or by irradiating the sample directly. Materials investigated include copper, gold, NiTi, SS316, and other metals and alloys. Tensile spall strength, elastic-plastic transition, phase boundaries, and equation of state can be determined with small samples. Using thin samples (0.1 - 1.0 mm thick) as targets, high pressure gradients can be generated with relatively low pressures, resulting in high tensile strain rates (10(5) to 10(8) s(-1)). Free surface and interface velocities axe recorded with point- and line-imaging VISARs. The flexible spatial and temporal pulse profiles of Trident, coupled with the use of laser-launched flyer plates, provides capabilities which complement experiments conducted using gas guns and tensile bars. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1343 EP 1346 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900312 ER PT S AU Trott, WM Setchell, RE Farnsworth, AV AF Trott, WM Setchell, RE Farnsworth, AV BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Development of laser-driven flyer techniques for equation-of-state studies of microscale materials SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Experimental methods utilizing laser-acceleration of flyer plates and high-speed velocity interferometry are being developed for investigation of the dynamic material properties of microscale materials (e.g., polycrystalline silicon). Hugoniot measurements are performed using reverse impact of the laser-driven flyer onto a known witness plate material (e.g., fused silica). A line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS) can be used to record both pre-impact flyer velocity and post-impact interface velocity as well as to determine the geometry (along a line segment) of the flyer at impact, providing a viable approach for direct state measurements. Results for 6061-T6 aluminum flyers are consistent with the well-established Hugoniot properties of this material. Methods for fabricating flyers containing thin layers of polycrystalline silicon and for measuring the short duration shock state in this material at impact are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trott, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1347 EP 1350 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900313 ER PT S AU Farnsworth, AV Trott, WM Setchell, RE AF Farnsworth, AV Trott, WM Setchell, RE BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI A computational study of laser driven flyer plates SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB The existence of both short pulse, high power lasers that can be used drive material flyers to high velocities, and excellent laser diagnostics for determining flyer velocities as a function of time has made the use of such tools an attractive alternative to conventional means for measuring the high pressure properties of materials under shock loading. It provides an especially attractive means for the study of thin materials such as the poly-silicon layers used in the surface micromachine fabrication process. In the current study, our previously developed laser deposition physics addition to the Sandia CTH hydrocode is being used to explore the parameter space of material layering and laser pulse characteristics to develop promising experimental configurations for material property studies. For ordinary materials, thicker foils for acceleration are wanted to provide longer dwell time of the shocked state in a target material. Thermal insulation of the body of the foil from the laser heated accelerating plasma is another desired characteristic for these experiments. We have performed 1-D studies of material layering with varying thicknesses of the first heated material, Aluminum, and insulating material, Alumina, to find desirable combinations. Other candidate materials exist, of course, and some are currently being considered. Two dimensional studies of flyer acceleration have been performed to guide the selection of laser spacial profiles that may be helpful in providing uniform acceleration across the foil, aiming to provide the maximum attainable flat surface following acceleration. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Farnsworth, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1355 EP 1358 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900315 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Price, DF Moon, SJ Cauble, RC Springer, PT Ng, A AF Dunn, J Price, DF Moon, SJ Cauble, RC Springer, PT Ng, A BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI 1-10 Mbar laser-driven shocks using the Janus laser facility SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol ID WAVE EXPERIMENTS; PRESSURE; ALUMINUM; GENERATION; COPPER AB We report preliminary results using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Janus laser facility to generate high pressure laser-driven shocks in the 1 - 10 Mbar regime. These experiments address various issues, including shock steadiness, planarity, uniformity and low target pre-heat, important for making precision EOS measurements on a small (E < 250 J) laser facility. A brief description of the experimental techniques, target design and measurements will be given. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1371 EP 1374 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900319 ER PT S AU Lomov, IN Antoun, TH Glenn, LA AF Lomov, IN Antoun, TH Glenn, LA BE Furnish, MD Thadhani, NN Horie, Y TI Explosion in the granite field: Hardening and softening behavior in rocks. SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER-2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference of the American-Physical-Society Topical-Group-on-Shock-Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 24-29, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Phys Soc, SCCM Top Grp, Amer Phys Soc, Educ Div, Georgia Inst Technol AB Properties of rock materials under quasistatic conditions are well characterized in laboratory experiments. Unfortunately, quasistatic data alone are not sufficient to calibrate models for use to describe inelastic wave propagation associated with conventional and nuclear explosions, or with impact. First, rock properties are size-dependent. Properties measured using laboratory samples on the order of a few centimeters in size need to be modified to adequately describe wave propagation in a problem on the order of a few hundred meters in size. Second, there is lack of data about the damage (softening) behavior of rock because most laboratory tests focus on the pre-peak hardening region with very little emphasis on the post-peak softening region. This paper presents a model for granite that accounts for both the hardening and softening of geologic materials, and also provides a simple description of rubblized rock. The model is shown to reproduce results of quasistatic triaxial experiments as well as peak velocity and peak displacement attenuation from a compendium of dynamic wave propagation experiments that includes US and French nuclear tests in granite. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lomov, IN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0068-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 620 BP 1389 EP 1392 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BV26A UT WOS:000178343900323 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Lynch, P AF Holm, Darryl D. Lynch, Peter TI Stepwise Precession of the Resonant Swinging Spring SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE classical mechanics; variational principles; averaged Lagrangian; elastic pendulum; nonlinear resonance AB The swinging spring, or elastic pendulum, has a 2: 1: 1 resonance arising at cubic order in its approximate Lagrangian. The corresponding modulation equations are the well-known three-wave equations that also apply, for example, in laser-matter interaction in a cavity. We use Hamiltonian reduction and pattern evocation techniques to derive a formula that describes the characteristic feature of this system's dynamics, namely, the stepwise precession of its azimuthal angle. C1 [Holm, Darryl D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Holm, Darryl D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lynch, Peter] Met Eireann, Dublin 9, Ireland. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dholm@lanl.gov; Peter.Lynch@met.ie FU US DOE [W-7405-ENG-36]; Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge the facilities provided by the Isaac Newton Institute at Cambridge University, where this work began. Peter Lynch would like to thank the Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, for support and hospitality. Darryl Holm is grateful to Gregor Kovacic and Jerry Marsden for many fruitful discussions and ongoing collaborations in dynamical systems analysis.; Theoretical Division and CNLS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (dholm@lanl.gov). The work of this author was supported by US DOE, under contract W-7405-ENG-36. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 44 EP 64 AR PII S1111111101388571 DI 10.1137/S1111111101388571 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA V23QY UT WOS:000208358500002 ER PT J AU Bou-Rabee, NM Romero, LA Salinger, AG AF Bou-Rabee, Nawaf M. Romero, Louis A. Salinger, Andrew G. TI A Multiparameter, Numerical Stability Analysis of a Standing Cantilever Conveying Fluid SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE numerical bifurcation analysis; aero-elasticity; beam flutter; buckling AB In this paper, we numerically examine the stability of a standing cantilever conveying fluid in a multiparameter space. Based on nonlinear beam theory, our mathematical model turns out to be replete with exciting behavior, some of which was totally unexpected and novel, and some of which confirm our intuition as well as the work of others. The numerical bifurcation results obtained from applying the Library of Continuation Algorithms (LOCA) reveal a plethora of one, two, and higher codimension bifurcations. For a vertical or standing cantilever beam, bifurcations to buckled solutions (via symmetry breaking) and oscillating solutions are detected as a function of gravity and the fluid-structure interaction. The unfolding of these results as a function of the orientation of the beam compared to gravity is also revealed. C1 [Bou-Rabee, Nawaf M.] Calif Inst Technol Appl & Computat Math, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Romero, Louis A.; Salinger, Andrew G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bou-Rabee, NM (reprint author), Calif Inst Technol Appl & Computat Math, 1200 E Calif Blvd,MC 217-50, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM nawaf@acm.caltech.edu; lromero@sandia.gov; agsalin@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; US DOE through MICS; US DOE through ASCI FX Received by the editors January 10, 2002; accepted for publication (in revised form) by M. Dellnitz August 5, 2002; published electronically September 12, 2002. This research was supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported by the US DOE through the MICS and ASCI programs. This work was performed by an employee of the U.S. Government or under U.S. Government contract. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 190 EP 214 AR PII S1111111102400753 DI 10.1137/S1111111102400753 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA V23QZ UT WOS:000208358600002 ER PT J AU Yochelis, A Hagberg, A Meron, E Lin, AL Swinney, HL AF Yochelis, Arik Hagberg, Aric Meron, Ehud Lin, Anna L. Swinney, Harry L. TI Development of Standing-Wave Labyrinthine Patterns SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE labyrinthine patterns; Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction; complex Ginzburg-Landau equation AB Experiments on a quasi-two-dimensional Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction-diffusion system, periodically forced at approximately twice its natural frequency, exhibit resonant labyrinthine patterns that develop through two distinct mechanisms. In both cases, large amplitude labyrinthine patterns form that consist of interpenetrating fingers of frequency-locked regions differing in phase by pi. Analysis of a forced complex Ginzburg-Landau equation captures both mechanisms observed for the formation of the labyrinths in the BZ experiments: a transverse instability of front structures and a nucleation of stripes from unlocked oscillations. The labyrinths are found in the experiments and in the model at a similar location in the forcing amplitude and frequency parameter plane. C1 [Yochelis, Arik] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Hagberg, Aric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & T 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Meron, Ehud] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Solar Energy & Environm Phys, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Lin, Anna L.; Swinney, Harry L.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lin, Anna L.; Swinney, Harry L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Yochelis, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM yochelis@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; hagberg@lanl.gov; ehud@bgumail.bgu.ac.il; alin@phy.duke.edu; swinney@chaos.ph.utexas.edu RI MERON, EHUD/F-1810-2012; Yochelis, Arik/C-6782-2013 OI Yochelis, Arik/0000-0002-1516-0766 FU US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [9800129]; U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy; Robert A. Welch Foundation FX Received by the editors October 30, 2001; accepted for publication (in revised form) by M. Golubitsky August 19, 2002; published electronically October 24, 2002. This research was supported by grant 9800129 from the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation.; Center for Nonlinear Studies and T-7, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (hagberg@lanl.gov). The work of this author was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36.; Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 (alin@phy.duke.edu, swinney@chaos.ph.utexas.edu). The work of these authors was supported by the Engineering Research Program of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the Robert A. Welch Foundation. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1536-0040 J9 SIAM J APPL DYN SYST JI SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 236 EP 247 AR PII S1111111101397111 DI 10.1137/S1111111101397111 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA V23QZ UT WOS:000208358600004 ER PT S AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Hallen, A Possnert, G AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Hallen, A Possnert, G BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Damage evolution and recovery in Al-implanted 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE amorphization; ion channeling; isochronal annealing; nuclear reaction analysis; recrystallization; rutherford backscattering; SiC; thermal recovery AB Damage evolution in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers irradiated with 1.1 MeV Al-2(2+) molecular ions at 150 K to ion fluences from 1.5x10(13) to 8.0X10(14) Al cm(-2) and subsequent isochronal recovery were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). The relative disorder on both the Si and C sublattices follows a sigmoidal dependence on ion fluence, and a buried amorphous layer is formed when the local dose reaches a critical amorphization value (0.12 dpa). The buried amorphous thickness increases rapidly at similar to2.0x10(14) Al+ cm(-2) and eventually saturates at the highest fluence. Isochronal annealing studies up to 870 K reveals the existence of three distinct recovery stages at similar to335, 520 and 650 K for low to intermediate ion fluences, where the relative disorder has not yet reached the fully amorphous level. In high-dose samples, where a buried amorphous layer is produced, the onset of a fourth recovery stage appears above 800 K. Rccrystallization occurs at the rear interface and in the surface region, and the relative amount of recovery decreases with increasing fluence for the same annealing temperatures. Defect-stimulated epitaxial growth rather than thermal-stimulated epitaxial growth dominates the recrystallization. C1 Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dept Microelect & Informat Technol, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Angstrom Lab, Div Ion Phys, Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 815 EP 818 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100196 ER PT S AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Gerardi, GJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Holland, OW AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Derenge, MA Ervin, MH Gerardi, GJ Freitas, JA Braga, GCB Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Holland, OW BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Comparison of Al and Al/C Co-implants in 4H-SiC annealed with an AlN cap SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE AlN cap; aluminum; annealing; carbon; CL; EPR; implantation; RBS AB The benefits of being able to anneal SiC samples for extended periods of time at relatively high temperatures without destroying the surface through the preferential evaporation of Si is demonstrated by comparing 4H-SiC samples implanted with Al or co-implanted with Al and C and annealed at temperatures ranging from 1300 - 1650degreesC. After analyzing the sheet resistance, EPR, RBS, and CL data, we conclude that samples co-implanted with C can more easily be activated because they more readily form electrically active complexes. The previously held belief that the implanted C helps to form more Si vacancies for the Al to occupy is shown to be incorrect as EPR data show that the implanted Al does not occupy Si sites in the SiC lattice. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. William Patterson U, Dept Chem & Phys, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 819 EP 822 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100197 ER PT S AU Weber, WJ Gao, F Jiang, WL Devanathan, R AF Weber, WJ Gao, F Jiang, WL Devanathan, R BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Experimental and computer simulation studies of defects and ion-solid interactions in silicon carbide SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE amorphization; computer simulation; defects; ion channeling; irradiation effects ID ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AU RECOILS; SI AB The integration of experimental and computer simulation studies is providing atomic-level understanding of irradiation-damage processes in silicon carbide. Density functional theory is used to determine the energetics of defect formation. Molecular dynamics methods are used to study both the energy dependence of defect production and the effects of cascade overlap processes. The accumulation of damage on both the Si and C sublattices has been determined experimentally for a range of ions. The consistent agreement of the experimental and computational results provides atomic-level insights into the interpretation of experimentally observed features. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met Engn, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 875 EP 878 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100211 ER PT S AU Williams, JR Chung, GY Tin, CC McDonald, K Farmer, D Chanana, RK Weller, RA Pantelides, ST Holland, OW Das, MK Feldman, LC AF Williams, JR Chung, GY Tin, CC McDonald, K Farmer, D Chanana, RK Weller, RA Pantelides, ST Holland, OW Das, MK Feldman, LC BE Yoshida, S Nishino, S Harima, H Kimoto, T TI Passivation of the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface with nitric oxide SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2001, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Sci& Technol Promot Fdn Ibaraki, Commwmorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Kansai Res Fdn Technol Promot, Murate Sci Fdn, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Res Fdn Electrotechnol Chubu, Support Ctr Adv Telecommunicat Technol Res, Telecommunicat Adv Fdn, ARO-Fe, AOARD, ONRIFO, Cree Inc, DENSO Corp, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, Fuji Elect Corp Res & Dev Ltd, Furukawa Elect Co Ltd, Hitachi Ltd, Kansai Elect Power Co Inc, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Inc, Mitsubishi Elect Corp, Mitsubishi Mat Corp, New Japan Radio Co Ltd, New Met & Chem Corp Ltd, Nichia Corp, Nippon Steel Corp, Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nisso Shoji Co Ltd, Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, Sanyo Elect Co Ltd, Sharp Corp, Shindengen Elect Mfg Co Ltd, Shin-Etsu Hansotai Co Ltd, Showa Denko K K, Sony Corp, Sterling Semiconductor Inc, Sumitomo Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd, Toshiba Corp, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Toyoda Cent R&D Labs Inc, Toyo Tanso Co Ltd, ULVAC Inc, Universal Syst Co Ltd DE interface states; inversion channel mobility; nitric oxide passivation ID CHANNEL MOBILITY; BAND EDGES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MOSFETS; POLYTYPE; ANNEALS; N2O AB This paper describes a nitrogen-based passivation technique for interface states near the conduction band edge in 4H-SiC/SiO2. These states were first proposed by Schorner, et al. [1], and their origin remains a point of discussion. However, there is now general agreement that these states are largely responsible for the lower channel mobilities that are reported for n-channel, inversion mode 4H-SiC MOSFETs. A post-oxidation anneal in nitric oxide at atmospheric pressure, 1175degreesC and 200-400sccm for 2hr reduces the interface state density at E-c- E congruent to 0.1 eV by more than one order of magnitude to approximately 2x10(12)cm(-2)eV(-1). The effective channel mobilitiy for lateral n-channel 4H-MOSFETs increases correspondingly from single digits to approximately 30-40cm(2)/V-s. The mobility for passivated devices exhibits a very weak temperature dependence compared to unpassivated devices for which the mobility increases in proportion to temperature to the power 1.9. The NO passivation process does not significantly affect the breakdown characteristics of thermal oxides on n- and p-4H-SiC, and the beneficial effects of passivation survive post-passivation processing procedures such as the high temperature anneals that are required to form source/drain ohmic contacts. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sterling Semicond, Tampa, FL 33619 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Alpha Ind Inc, Haverhill, MA 01832 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP Williams, JR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Tin, Chin-Che/A-9122-2012 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-894-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 389-3 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU89T UT WOS:000177321100233 ER PT S AU Serrano, J Strempfer, J Cardona, M Schwoerer-Bohning, M Requardt, H Lorenzen, M Stojetz, B Pavone, P Choyke, WJ AF Serrano, J Strempfer, J Cardona, M Schwoerer-Bohning, M Requardt, H Lorenzen, M Stojetz, B Pavone, P Choyke, WJ BE Bergman, P Janzen, E TI Lattice dynamics of 4H-SiC by inelastic x-ray scattering SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 2002 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Euopean Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 2002) CY SEP 02-25, 2002 CL LINKOPING, SWEDEN SP European Commiss, High Level Sci Conf, Swedish Res Council, Swedish Agcy Innovat Syst, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, City Linkoping, Linkopings Univ, Embassy Italy Sweden, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, ABB, CREE, Epigress, SiCrystal, Okmetic DE 4H silicon carbide; inelastic x-ray scattering; phonon dispersion relations ID PHONON-DISPERSION CURVES; MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; SIC POLYTYPES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILICON-CARBIDE; ANALYZER AB We have measured the phonon dispersion relations in 4H-SiC by inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) using monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The q-space directions Gamma-K-M, Gamma-M, and Gamma-A were mapped out. Lattice dynamical calculations that allowed the prediction of phonon eigenvectors, as well as their symmetries, also helped in choosing the best scattering geometries. The IXS phonon data are compared with those previously obtained from low temperature photoluminescence measurements and from laser Raman spectroscopy. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, DE-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. ESRF, FR-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, DE-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Serrano, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, DE-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 433-4 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BX37E UT WOS:000185077700060 ER PT S AU Tejeda, A Michel, EG Dunham, D Soukiassian, P Denlinger, JD Rotenberg, E Hurych, ZD Tonner, B AF Tejeda, A Michel, EG Dunham, D Soukiassian, P Denlinger, JD Rotenberg, E Hurych, ZD Tonner, B BE Bergman, P Janzen, E TI Atomic structure of Si-rich 3C-SiC(001)-(3x2): a photoelectron diffraction study SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS - 2002 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Euopean Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 2002) CY SEP 02-25, 2002 CL LINKOPING, SWEDEN SP European Commiss, High Level Sci Conf, Swedish Res Council, Swedish Agcy Innovat Syst, Swedish Fdn Strateg Res, City Linkoping, Linkopings Univ, Embassy Italy Sweden, US Off Naval Res Int Field Off, ABB, CREE, Epigress, SiCrystal, Okmetic DE (3x2); ALSD; nanowire; PED; PhD; photoelectron diffraction; SiC; silicon carbide; Si-rich; structure determination; TAADM ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; BETA-SIC(100) SURFACE; AUGER-ELECTRON; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SCATTERING; LINES AB The structure of the Si-rich 3C-SiC(001)-(3x2) surface reconstruction has been determined using x-ray photoelectron diffraction. The experimental results are only compatible with a modified version of the two-adlayer asymmetric dimer model. Other possible models can be discarded on the basis of our results. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dto Fis Mat Condensada, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. CEA, DSM DRECAM SPCSI SIMA, FR-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. Univ Paris 11, Dept Phys, FR-91405 Orsay, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Tejeda, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dto Fis Mat Condensada, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Michel, Enrique/A-1545-2008; Tejeda, Antonio/C-4711-2014 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Michel, Enrique/0000-0003-4207-7658; Tejeda, Antonio/0000-0003-0125-4603 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 433-4 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BX37E UT WOS:000185077700139 ER PT S AU Singh, A Baur, K Brennan, S Homma, T Kubo, N Pianetta, P AF Singh, A Baur, K Brennan, S Homma, T Kubo, N Pianetta, P BE Veteran, JL OMeara, DL Misra, V Ho, PS TI X-ray Absorption spectroscopy on copper trace impurities on silicon wafers SO SILICON MATERIALS-PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELIABILITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SURFACE AB Trace metal contamination during wet cleaning processes on silicon wafer surfaces is a detrimental effect that impairs device performance and yield. Determining the chemical state of deposited impurities helps in understanding how silicon surfaces interact with chemical species in cleaning solutions. However, since impurity concentrations of interest to the semiconductor industry are so low, conventional techniques such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy cannot be applied. Nonetheless, chemical information on trace levels of contaminants can be determined with x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) in a grazing incidence geometry. In this study, silicon samples were dipped in ultra pure water (UPW) and 2% hydrofluoric (HF) solutions with copper concentrations of 5 and 1000 ppb, respectively. These samples were then analyzed using XANES in fluorescence yield mode to determine the oxidation state of deposited copper contaminants. It was found that copper impurities on the silicon surface from HF solution were metal in character while copper impurities deposited from the spiked UPW solution were deposited as an oxide. These results show that XANES can provide information on the chemical state of trace impurities even at surface concentrations below a few thousandths of a monolayer. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Singh, A (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-652-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 716 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV54Z UT WOS:000179334200004 ER PT S AU Gutowski, M Jaffe, JE Liu, CL Stoker, M Hegde, RI Rai, RS Tobin, PJ AF Gutowski, M Jaffe, JE Liu, CL Stoker, M Hegde, RI Rai, RS Tobin, PJ BE Veteran, JL OMeara, DL Misra, V Ho, PS TI Thermodynamic stability of high-K dielectric metal oxides ZrO2 and HfO2 in contact with Si and SiO2 SO SILICON MATERIALS-PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELIABILITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present experimental results regarding the thermodynamic stability of the high-k dielectrics ZrO2 and HfO2 in contact with Si and SiO2. The HfO2/Si interface is found to be stable with respect to formation of silicides whereas the ZrO2/Si interface is not. The metal oxide/SiO2 interface is marginally unstable with respect to formation of silicates. Cross-sectional transmission electron micrographs expose formation of nodules, identified as silicides, across the polysilicon/ZrO2/Si interfaces but not for the interfaces with HfO2. For both ZrO2 and HfO2, the X-ray photoemission spectra illustrate formation of silicate-like compounds in the MO2/SiO2 interface. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stoker, Matthew/0000-0003-0672-0183 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-652-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 716 BP 127 EP 131 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV54Z UT WOS:000179334200021 ER PT S AU Gutowski, M Jaffe, JE AF Gutowski, M Jaffe, JE BE Veteran, JL OMeara, DL Misra, V Ho, PS TI Oxides, silicides, and silicates of zirconium and hafnium; Density functional theory study SO SILICON MATERIALS-PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELIABILITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIRECT SYNTHESIS CALORIMETRY; TRANSITION-METAL SILICIDES; STANDARD ENTHALPIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB It is known that the chemistries of hafnium and zirconium are more nearly identical than for any other two congeneric elements. Thus, both zirconia and hafnia, with the dielectric constant K > 20, have emerged as potential replacements for silica (K = 3.9) as a gate dielectric. We report an important difference between the zirconia/Si and hafnia/Si interfaces based on density functional theory calculations with the Perdew-Wang 91 exchange-correlation functional on the oxides, silicides, and silicates of Zr and Hf. The zirconia/Si interface has been found to be unstable with respect to formation of silicides whereas the hafnia/Si interface is stable. The difference between the two interfaces results from the fact that HfO2 is more stable than ZrO2 (i.e. has a larger heat of formation from its constituent elements) by more than 53 kJ/mol. The hafnium silicides, on the other hand, are less stable than zirconium silicides by ca. 20 kJ/mol. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Stoker, Matthew/0000-0003-0672-0183 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-652-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 716 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV54Z UT WOS:000179334200043 ER PT S AU Cole, EI AF Cole, EI BE Veteran, JL OMeara, DL Misra, V Ho, PS TI Techniques for localization of IC interconnection defects SO SILICON MATERIALS-PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND RELIABILITY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Silicon Materials held at the 2002 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 01-05, 2002 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The advances in integrated circuit technology has made failure site localization extremely challenging. Charge-Induced Voltage Alteration (CIVA), Low Energy CIVA (LECIVA), Light-Induced Voltage Alteration (LIVA), Seebeck Effect Imaging (SEI) and Thermally-Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA) are five recently developed failure analysis techniques which meet the challenge by rapidly and non-destructively localizing interconnection defects on ICs. The techniques take advantage of voltage fluctuations in a constant current power supply as an electron or photon beam is scanned across an IC. CIVA and LECIVA are scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques that yield rapid localization of open interconnections. LIVA is a scanning optical microscopy (SOM) method that yields quick identification of damaged semiconductor junctions and determines transistor logic states. SEI and TIVA are SOM techniques that rapidly localize open interconnections and shorts respectively. LIVA, SEI, and TIVA can be performed from the backside of ICs by using the proper photon wavelength. CIVA, LECIVA, LIVA, TIVA, and SEI techniques in terms of the physics of signal generation, data acquisition system required, and imaging results displaying the utility of each technique for localizing interconnection defects. In addition to the techniques listed above, the Resistive Contrast Imaging (RCI) for localizing opens on metal test patterns will be described as a starting point for the "IVA" technologies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Failure Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cole, EI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Failure Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-652-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 716 BP 627 EP 638 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BV54Z UT WOS:000179334200099 ER PT B AU Perez, R Bonaventura-Sparagna, JA Kmiecik, M George, R Renne, D AF Perez, R Bonaventura-Sparagna, JA Kmiecik, M George, R Renne, D GP AMS AMS TI Indications of biases in reporting cloud cover at major airports SO SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Renne, D (reprint author), NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BV53W UT WOS:000179289900007 ER PT B AU Renne, D Stoffel, T Anderberg, M Gray-Hann, P AF Renne, D Stoffel, T Anderberg, M Gray-Hann, P GP AMS AMS TI Current solar radiation measurement and modeling in the United States SO SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Renne, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BV53W UT WOS:000179289900019 ER PT S AU Daum, RS Majumdar, S Tsai, H Bray, TS Koss, DA Motta, AT Billone, MC AF Daum, RS Majumdar, S Tsai, H Bray, TS Koss, DA Motta, AT Billone, MC BE Sokolov, MA Landes, JD Lucas, GE TI Mechanical property testing of irradiated Zircaloy cladding under reactor transient conditions SO SMALL SPECIMEN TEST TECHNIQUES: FOURTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Small Specimen Test Technique CY JAN 23-25, 2001 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Soc Test Mat, Int Comm E10 DE mechanical properties; Zircaloy cladding; ring stretch specimens; axial specimens ID SHEET AB Specimen geometries have been developed to determine the mechanical properties of irradiated Zircaloy cladding subjected to the mechanical conditions and temperatures associated with reactivity-initiated accidents (RIA) and loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA). Miniature ring-stretch specimens were designed to induce both uniaxial and plane-strain states of stress in the transverse (hoop) direction of the cladding. Also, longitudinal tube specimens were also designed to determine the constitutive properties in the axial direction. Finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental parameters and results were closely coupled to optimize an accurate determination of the stress-strain response and to induce fracture behavior representative of accident conditions. To determine the constitutive properties, a procedure was utilized to transform measured values of load and displacement to a stress-strain response under complex loading states. Additionally, methods have been developed to measure true plastic strains in the gauge section and the initiation of failure using real-time data analysis software. Strain rates and heating conditions have been selected based on their relevance to the mechanical response and temperatures of the cladding during the accidents. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Daum, RS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2897-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1418 BP 195 EP 210 DI 10.1520/STP10821S PG 16 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV25N UT WOS:000178337400012 ER PT S AU Byun, TS Lee, EH Hunn, JD Farrell, K Mansur, LK AF Byun, TS Lee, EH Hunn, JD Farrell, K Mansur, LK BE Sokolov, MA Landes, JD Lucas, GE TI A method to study deformation mechanisms in ion-irradiated steels using a disk bend test technique SO SMALL SPECIMEN TEST TECHNIQUES: FOURTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Small Specimen Test Technique CY JAN 23-25, 2001 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Soc Test Mat, Int Comm E10 DE disk bend test; deformation mechanisms; irradiation effects; 316LN stainless steel; ion-irradiated TEM disks; electrochemical polishing ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BALL INDENTATION AB A disk bend test technique has been developed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) disks to study deformation mechanisms in ion-irradiated steels. In the bend test, a TEM disk specimen is clamped in a circular holder and indented with a tungsten carbide (WC) ball of 1 mm diameter. Models for evaluating the stress and strain components in the central region of the TEM disks were developed and used to calculate average plastic strain, surface plastic strain, and stress components at top and bottom surfaces of a 316LN stainless steel disk. Deformation regimes and stress state in the disk bend deformation were discussed in relation to the variations of strains and stresses. To investigate deformation mechanisms in irradiated 316LN stainless steel, irradiations of TEM disks were carried out with 0.36 MeV He+ ions and/or 3.5 MeV Fe+ ions at 200degreesC. Those irradiated samples were deformed up to a surface plastic strain of about 10% in the disk bend jig. To examine the deformation microstructures at the peak damage region, the surface layer to a depth of about 600 nm was removed from the irradiated surface by electrochemical polishing followed by back thinning to perforation. Microstructures were examined in a Philips CM 12 transmission electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 120 keV. The results displayed changes in deformation mechanism due to ion irradiations. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2897-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1418 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1520/STP10826S PG 16 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV25N UT WOS:000178337400017 ER PT S AU Farrell, K Byun, TS Jones, JW Gibson, LT Sitterson, RG Hashimoto, N Bailey, JL Gardner, MJ AF Farrell, K Byun, TS Jones, JW Gibson, LT Sitterson, RG Hashimoto, N Bailey, JL Gardner, MJ BE Sokolov, MA Landes, JD Lucas, GE TI Small specimen procedures for determination of deformation maps SO SMALL SPECIMEN TEST TECHNIQUES: FOURTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Small Specimen Test Technique CY JAN 23-25, 2001 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Soc Test Mat, Int Comm E10 DE radiation damage; tensile test jig; sub-size TEM pieces; plastic deformation maps; strain localization ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; MECHANISMS; ORIGIN AB Irradiation-hardened metals undergo changes in plastic deformation modes that degrade mechanical properties. Variation of deformation mode as a function of fluence and level of strain can be tracked with deformation mode maps. Mapping requires many tensile tests and TEM specimens. To streamline the process, a special tensile test cradle and refined TEM specimen preparation techniques have been developed. The 0.25 mm-thick sheet tensile specimen with dogbone shape is sufficient to ensure bulk mechanical behavior and eliminates grinding operations for the TEM pieces. Extraneous strains that might arise in such a small specimen from pin loading or friction gripping are avoided by loading the specimen under its shoulders in a small, sliding cradle which also prevents accidental damage during remote handling in and out of the tensile machine. After straining, three TEM pieces each 1.5 mm square are cut from the gauge section in one pass in a special jig using a slow speed rotary saw fitted with ganged blades. To accommodate these square specimens during electrochemical thinning, the specimen holder is custom altered. Finally, for TEM examination, the thinned specimen is supported by an auxiliary platform constructed from molybdenum foil rings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Farrell, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2897-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1418 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1520/STP10827S PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BV25N UT WOS:000178337400018 ER PT S AU Stinemates, DW Farrar, CR Sohn, H Bennett, JG AF Stinemates, DW Farrar, CR Sohn, H Bennett, JG BE Kundu, T TI Structural health monitoring system design using finite element analysis SO SMART NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION FOR HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Nondestructive Evaluation for Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems CY MAR 18-20, 2002 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE DE structural health monitoring; damage detection; finite element analysis; sensing system properties AB The project described in this paper was undertaken to demonstrate that finite element analysis can be used to define the parameters of structural health monitoring sensing system. Such an approach to sensor system property definition is necessary because in actual applications one will almost never have a damaged structure available to test. Instead, one will have to postulate the anticipated damage, simulate that damage with a numerical model and then analyze the computational data to determine the necessary properties of the sensing system (number, type, location, sensitivity, bandwidth). To demonstrate this process, a finite element model was constructed of a simulated three-story building used for damage identification experiments. Damage was introduced by loosening bolts in the connections of the columns to plates representing the floors the structure. Of particular interest was modeling slip in joints as a function of bolt torque and predicting the smallest change of torque that could be detected experimentally. After being validated with modal analysis results from the physical structure, the model was used to produce data to test the capabilities of damage identification algorithms and define the sensing system properties. This paper describes the finite element model that was constructed, the results obtained, and proposed future uses for such model as part of an integrated approach to structural health monitoring. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stinemates, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P-946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4450-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4702 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1117/12.469876 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU90E UT WOS:000177343800017 ER PT S AU Dunning, JS AF Dunning, JS BE McGowan, AMR TI Smart roof bolts for underground mines/storage facilities SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE smart materials; roof bolts; strain monitors AB Quantitative data on the stress-strain behavior of walls and roofs of underground mines are unavailable. It is established practice to use roof bolts to support roofs in mines. Smart materials have been developed for roof bolts that act as sensors in systems capable of monitoring the stress/strain history of mine roofs with the goal of detecting structural defects and damage. The systems can be designed for a passive mode to monitor peak strain or an active mode for real-time alarm response. The systems are low-cost and capable of long-term operation which, in the case of waste isolation facilities, can involve very long time periods. The smart materials to be used in this application are TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels. TRIP steels are materials that change state from austenitic, nonmagnetic to a martensitic, ferromagnetic phase as the material undergoes straining. There is a direct correspondence of the peak strain level experienced in the material with the percentage of ferromagnetism, hence monitoring the relative amount of the ferromagnetic content will indicate the level of strain (and therefore, stress). The phase transition that accompanies the straining is irreversible so the monitor material indicates the peak strain until that value is subsequently exceeded. Materials research discussed will cover the selection of compositions with a suitable ferromagnetic response and the development of thermomechanical treatments to achieve high tensile strength required for this application. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dunning, JS (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4446-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4698 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1117/12.475093 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BV06K UT WOS:000177732700046 ER PT S AU Dohner, JL Lauffer, JP Hinnerichs, TD Shankar, N Regelbrugge, M Kwan, CM Xu, R Winterbauer, B Bridger, K AF Dohner, JL Lauffer, JP Hinnerichs, TD Shankar, N Regelbrugge, M Kwan, CM Xu, R Winterbauer, B Bridger, K BE McGowan, AMR TI On the use of active structural control to enhance the cutting performance of a milling machine SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab ID CHATTER; SUPPRESSION AB An active structural control system was developed and implemented on a hexapod milling machine to increase metal removal rate of the machine. The control system hardware consisted of dynamic actuators, sensors, processors and a telemetry system. The control law was implemented in software in the control processor. The objective of the control system was to reduce the dynamic response of the milling tool thereby improving its stability and its maximum depth-of-cut. System design including sensor and actuator development was guided using finite element modeling techniques. The components were constructed, and a successful experimental demonstration resulted. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dohner, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4446-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4698 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1117/12.475098 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BV06K UT WOS:000177732700051 ER PT S AU Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR AF Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR BE Liu, SC Pines, DJ TI Consideration of environmental and operational variability for damage diagnosis SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2002: SMART SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HIGHWAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2002 Conference CY MAR 18-21, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, Rhombus Consultants Grp, CSA Engn, ISIS Canada, USAF Off Sci Res, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res OFf, Jet Propuls Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Ceram Soc Japan, USN Off Naval Res, Nav Res Lab DE damage classification; time series analysis; auto-associative neural networks; statistical inference; operational and environmental variations ID SURVEILLANCE; NETWORKS AB Damage diagnosis is a problem that can be addressed at many levels. Stated in its most basic form, the objective is to ascertain simply if damage is present or not. In a statistical pattern recognition paradigm of this problem, the philosophy is to collect baseline signatures from a system to be monitored and to compare subsequent data to see if the new "pattern" deviates significantly from the baseline data. Unfortunately, matters are seldom as simple as this. In reality, structures will be subjected to changing environmental and operational conditions that will affect measured signals. In this case, there may be a wide range of normal conditions, and it is clearly undesirable to signal damage simply because of a change in the environment. In this paper, a unique combination of time series analysis, neural networks, and statistical inference techniques is developed for damage classification explicitly taking into account these natural variations of the system in order to minimize false positive indication of true system changes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4444-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4696 BP 100 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.472546 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BV06H UT WOS:000177732300011 ER PT J AU Bostick, BC Fendorf, S Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Brooks, SC AF Bostick, BC Fendorf, S Barnett, MO Jardine, PM Brooks, SC TI Uranyl surface complexes formed on subsurface media from DOE facilities SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; SORPTION COMPLEXES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SPECIATION; SOILS; MONTMORILLONITE; FLUORESCENCE; CHEMISTRY AB A mechanistic understanding of U sorption in natural soils and sediments is useful for determining its transport and bioavailability in the environment. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine the mechanisms by which U(VI) sorbs to three heterogeneous subsurface media reacted under static and dynamic flow conditions. Regardless of the media chosen, ternary surface complexes were the dominant type of sorption complex. Uranyl phosphate complexes were formed in subsurface media from more acidic environments. In contrast, uranyl carbonate ternary surface complexes formed in media from more neutral conditions. The complexes are predominantly inner-sphere, although some outer-sphere complexes may also be present, and appear to be on iron (hydr)oxides and possibly aluminosilicates. Additionally, the uranyl phosphate and carbonate complexes are highly disordered, which contributes to their reversible sorption properties. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 208, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fendorf, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 60 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300013 ER PT J AU Perez, R Ineichen, P Moore, K Kmiecik, M Chain, C George, R Vignola, F AF Perez, R Ineichen, P Moore, K Kmiecik, M Chain, C George, R Vignola, F TI A new operational model for satellite-derived irradiances: Description and validation SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR IRRADIANCE; INDEX AB We present a new simple model capable of exploiting geostationary satellite visible images for the production of site/time-specific global and direct irradiances The new model features new clear sky global and direct irradiance functions, a new cloud-index-to-irradiance index function, and a new global-to-direct-irradiance conversion model. The model can also exploit operationally available snow cover resource data, while deriving local ground specular reflectance characteristics from the stream of incoming satellite data. Validation against 10 US locations representing a wide range of climatic environments indicates that model performance is systematically improved, compared to current visible-channel-based modeling practice. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Geneva, CUEPE, Geneva, Switzerland. ENTPE, Vaulx En Velin, France. NREL, Golden, CO USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Perez, R (reprint author), SUNY Albany, ASRC, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NR 19 TC 196 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2002 VL 73 IS 5 BP 307 EP 317 AR PII S0038-092X(02)00122-6 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(02)00122-6 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 668UZ UT WOS:000182312700001 ER PT J AU Gueymard, CA Myers, D Emery, K AF Gueymard, CA Myers, D Emery, K TI Proposed reference irradiance spectra for solar energy systems testing SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION DATA-BASE; EARTHS SURFACE; DATA SETS; MODEL; DIFFUSE; ATMOSPHERES; SKIES; SERI AB In 1982, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) adopted consensus standard solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM E891-82, E892-82) to provide standard spectra for photovoltaic (PV) performance applications. These spectra have been also used for other applications such as solar energy systems, fenestration, and materials degradation. These reference spectra were recomputed and the standards revised in 1987. The International Standards Organization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) adopted these spectra into spectral standards ISO 9845-1 and IEC 60904-3. These reference spectra are current as of 2002, even though they are based upon spectral solar radiation models and information on atmospheric attenuation from the 1980s. We summarize important issues concerning the definition of atmospheric parameters, spectral range, accuracy and resolution, and documentation of the standards. We suggest substantial improvements to meet the current and future needs of the various technologies using the reference spectra. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models and better knowledge of atmospheric physics and prevailing radiometric quantities in the natural environment are used to develop suggested revisions to update the reference spectra. These revisions extend and improve the documentation of the hemispherical ('global') tilted reference spectrum with minor modifications. They also provide a more realistic clear sky direct normal spectrum for the intended applications. The revised reference spectra would include more detailed and reliable spectral information from the UV (280 nm) to the near infrared (4000 nm). The amplitude of the proposed hemispherical tilted reference spectrum differs very little from the current standard hemispherical tilted spectrum. Conversely, the proposed direct normal reference spectrum is substantially more energetic than the current standard spectrum, and is typical of a cleaner atmosphere where solar applications can be deployed more advantageously. C1 Solar Consulting Serv, Bailey, CO 80421 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gueymard, CA (reprint author), Solar Consulting Serv, 174 Bluebird Lane, Bailey, CO 80421 USA. OI Gueymard, Chris/0000-0003-0362-4655 NR 87 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 443 EP 467 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00005-7 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 689EY UT WOS:000183479700005 ER PT J AU Salasovich, J Burch, J Barker, G AF Salasovich, J Burch, J Barker, G TI Geographic constraints on passive solar domestic hot water systems due to pipe freezing SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The supply and return piping of passive solar domestic hot water systems (SDHWS) is typically exposed to ambient weather conditions, and damaging pipe freeze is a major concern. This paper presents a pipe-freeze model that accounts for hot water draws and uses 30 years of actual weather data. The simulation results are cast in terms of pipe-freeze probabilities. Using contour maps of the continental United States, the pipe-freeze probabilities for residential, commercial, and seasonal passive SDHWS are presented for various pipe and insulation geometries. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Mt Energy Partnership, Nederland, CO 80466 USA. RP Salasovich, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2002 VL 73 IS 6 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00004-5 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 689EY UT WOS:000183479700006 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Rejent, JA AF Vianco, PT Rejent, JA TI A methodology to establish baseline metrics for assessing the isothermally aging of Sn-Pb solder interconnects SO SOLDERING & SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solder joints; printed circuit boards AB A methodology was developed to establish baseline metrics for assessing the isothermal aging of 63Sn-37Pb or 60Sn-40Pb) solder joints in circuit board assemblies, Those metrics were the intermetallic compound layer thickness at the Sn-Pb solder/Cu interface and the Pd-rich phase particle size distribution in the solder, The baseline, or as fabricated. values for these metrics were 0.71 +/- 0.27 mum and 3.2 + 6.5 x 10(6) mm(2), respectively, The rate kinetics were determined for growth of the intermetallic compound layer and coarsening of the Pb-rich phase particles by isothermal aging experiments. The/were: (1) intermetallic compound layer thickness (mum)=0.714 divided by 3.265 x 10(3) t(0.58) exp(- 52200/RT): and (2) Pb-rich phase particle size (mm(2)) = 3.2 x 10(6) + 1.47 x 10 (3)t(0.32) exp(-31000/ RT). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0911 J9 SOLDER SURF MT TECH JI Solder. Surf. Mt. Technol. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1108/09540910210427790 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 568VB UT WOS:000176564600003 ER PT J AU Im, HJ Kwon, YS Jung, MH AF Im, HJ Kwon, YS Jung, MH TI Electrical and magnetic properties of the new Kondo-lattice compound Ce3Pd4Ge4 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; Kondo effects ID GE AB We have measured the electric resistivity, magnetoresistance, magnetic susceptibility and magnetization of the new Kondolattice compound Ce3Pd4Ge4. The electrical resistivity exhibits a rapid drop at temperatures below 6 K, while the magnetic susceptibility does not show any corresponding anomaly at that temperature. This phenomenon is similar to that of Ce3Pd20Ge6 which shows quadrupolar interaction. We suggest that there is the possibility of quadrupolar interaction in the orthorhombic 4f-electron system Ce3Pd4Ge4. In addition, it is realized that the spin-dependent scattering effect is responsible for the magnetotransport. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sungkyunkwan Univ, Phys Res Div BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Inst Basic Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwon, YS (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Phys Res Div BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM yskwon@skku.ac.kr RI Im, Hojun/G-3133-2013 OI Im, Hojun/0000-0001-6713-5135 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 124 IS 5-6 BP 181 EP 183 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00504-5 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00504-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 616AU UT WOS:000179280200005 ER PT J AU Rogado, N Lawes, G Huse, DA Ramirez, AP Cava, RJ AF Rogado, N Lawes, G Huse, DA Ramirez, AP Cava, RJ TI The Kagome-staircase lattice: magnetic ordering in Ni3V2O8 and Co3V2O8 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Kagome nets; phase transitions ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPIN ICE; FRUSTRATION AB Ni3V2O8 and Co3V2O8 have spin-1 and spin-3/2 magnetic lattices that are a new anisotropic variant of the Kagome net, wherein edge-sharing MO6 octahedra form the rises and rungs of a Kagome staircase'. The anisotropy largely relieves the geometric frustration. but results in rich magnetic behavior. Characterization of the magnetization of polycrystalline samples reveals that the compounds are ferrimagnetic in character. Heat capacity measurements show the presence of four magnetic phase transitions below 9 K for Ni3V2O8 and two below 11K for Co3V2O8. Comparison to the low temperature heat capacity of isostructural nonmagnetic Zn3V2O8 provides an estimate of the magnetic entropy involved with the hase transitions. The p results, suggest that Co3V2O8 may display magnetic transitions below 2 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Rogado, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Washington Rd & William St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 17 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 124 IS 7 BP 229 EP 233 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00597-5 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00597-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 616CW UT WOS:000179285000001 ER PT J AU Frey, R Clusel, M Radu, A Andre, R Flytzanis, C AF Frey, R Clusel, M Radu, A Andre, R Flytzanis, C TI Nonlinear magneto-optic Kerr effect in semiconductor microcavities SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanostructures; optical properties; nonlinear optics ID QUANTUM-WELL MICROCAVITY; FIELD; MAGNETOPOLARITONS; ENHANCEMENT AB The photo-induced modifications of the strong magneto-optic Kerr effect have been studied in a semimagnetic semiconductor microcavity operated in the strong coupling regime. These are traced to the saturation and many body interaction blue shift of the exciton transition frequency, which result in a photo-induced reduction of the effective exciton-cavity coupling. Its impact is most striking in the case of initially tuned microcavity, where a modification of the exciton-cavity Coupling results in photo-induced polarization rotations of about 30 degrees for laser fluences as low as 1 muJ/cm(2) and magnetic field intensities of 0.2 T. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Super Opt, Ctr Sci Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Opt,Lab Charles Fabry, F-91403 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91403 Orsay, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Dept Phys, Lawrence Berkeley Radiat Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Normale Super, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, F-75231 Paris, France. CNRS, F-75231 Paris, France. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS UMR 558, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Ecole Polytech, Opt Quant Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Frey, R (reprint author), Ecole Super Opt, Ctr Sci Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Opt,Lab Charles Fabry, Bat 503,BP 503, F-91403 Orsay, France. RI Andre, Regis/M-4629-2014; Radu, Adrian/C-5747-2012 OI Andre, Regis/0000-0003-3035-4291; Radu, Adrian/0000-0002-7280-8020 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 62 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00198-9 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00198-9 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 579MB UT WOS:000177180800012 ER PT J AU Allen, JW AF Allen, JW TI Quasi-particles and their absence in photoemission spectroscopy SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Review DE photoelectron spectroscopies; Luttinger liquid; heavy fermions; Kondo effects ID NON-FERMI-LIQUID; ANGLE-RESOLVED-PHOTOEMISSION; CORRELATED ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PURPLE BRONZE LI0.9MO6O17; HOPPING MATRIX-ELEMENTS; ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; KONDO VOLUME-COLLAPSE; SINGLE-IMPURITY MODEL; 2D HUBBARD-MODEL AB The elucidation of Landau Fermi liquid quasi-particles and their absence in strongly correlated electron systems lies at the heart of modern research on the quantum mechanics of electrons in condensed matter. Photoemission spectroscopy of the single particle spectral function is a central experimental tool for such studies. A general paradigm of quasi-particle formation is the Fermi level resonance associated with the Kondo physics of the Anderson impurity model, as shown by the formal appearance of an effective impurity problem in dynamic mean field theories of general lattice systems which may or may not literally display Kondo physics. A general paradigm of quasi-particle absence is the Luttinger liquid physics of the Tomonaga-Luttinger model. This paper presents an overview of the theoretical ideas and shows examples in photoemission spectra of quasi-particle formation in impurity and lattice Kondo and non-Kondo correlated electron systems, contrasted with quasi-particle absence in a quasi-one-dimensional system. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Allen, JW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jwallen@umich.edu NR 169 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 123 IS 11 BP 469 EP 487 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00425-8 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00425-8 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 605AW UT WOS:000178654100001 ER PT J AU Jhi, SH Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Jhi, SH Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI Electronic properties of bromine-doped carbon nanotubes SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nanotube; bromine adsorption; electronic band structure; vibrational frequency ID TUBULES; INTERCALATION; GRAPHITE; BUNDLES; ATOMS AB Intercalation of bromine molecules (Br-2) into single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) ropes is studied using the ab initio pseudopotential density functional method. Electronic and vibrational properties of the SWNT and Br-2 are studied for various bromine concentrations. A drastic change in the charge transfer, bromine stretching-mode, and bromine bond-length is observed when the bromine-bromine distance decreases. Calculated electronic structures show that, at high bromine concentrations, the bromine ppsigma* level broadens due to the interbromine interaction. These states overlap with the electronic bands of the SWNT near the Fermi level which results in a substantial charge transfer from carbon to bromine. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jhi, SH (reprint author), Nanomix Inc, 1295A 67th St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 123 IS 11 BP 495 EP 499 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00392-7 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00392-7 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 605AW UT WOS:000178654100003 ER PT J AU dos Santos, AM Parashar, S Raju, AR Zhao, YS Cheetham, AK Rao, CNR AF dos Santos, AM Parashar, S Raju, AR Zhao, YS Cheetham, AK Rao, CNR TI Evidence for the likely occurrence of magnetoferroelectricity in the simple perovskite, BiMnO3 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ferroelectrics; magnetically ordered materials; X-ray scattering; phase transitions ID BI1-XSRXMNO3 AB Investigation of polycrystalline samples synthesized at high pressures as well as thin films deposited by nebulized spray pyrolysis suggest that BiMnO3 is ferromagnetic with a T-C of 105 K and ferroelectric with a Curie temperature of around 450 K. It remains ferroelectric down to low temperatures through the ferromagnetic transition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem & Phys Mat Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Rao, CNR (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem & Phys Mat Unit, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RI Rao, C.N.R./B-1569-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Ahirwal, Ashish /F-2532-2013; dos Santos, Antonio/A-5602-2016 OI Rao, C.N.R./0000-0003-4088-0615; Ahirwal, Ashish /0000-0002-9127-6541; dos Santos, Antonio/0000-0001-6900-0816 NR 15 TC 224 Z9 224 U1 2 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 52 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00087-X PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556TW UT WOS:000175865900012 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, A Dmitriev, V Dubrovinsky, L Prakapenka, V Weber, HP AF Kuznetsov, A Dmitriev, V Dubrovinsky, L Prakapenka, V Weber, HP TI FCC-HCP phase boundary in lead SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE metals; crystal structure and symmetry; phase transitions; high pressure ID NACL; GPA AB The pressure-temperature phase diagram of Pb was mapped from synchrotron X-ray diffraction data measured to 40 GPa and 800 K, in the region including the hexagonal-close-packed to face-centered cubic transformation; the corresponding p-T-V equations of state were fitted for both phases. An unexpected interaction of Pb with NaCl surrounded the samples and significant reduction of the alloying temperature with Au was observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ESRF, Grp Struct Mat Extreme Condit, Swiss Norwegian Beam Lines, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Chicago, CARS, ANL, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Lausanne, Inst Crystallog, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Kuznetsov, A (reprint author), ESRF, Grp Struct Mat Extreme Condit, Swiss Norwegian Beam Lines, POB 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RI Kuznetsov, Alexei/C-2274-2008; Dmitriev, Vladimir/A-3235-2011 NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 122 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 127 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00112-6 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00112-6 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 556HU UT WOS:000175844000003 ER PT J AU Narayan, J Sharma, AK Kvit, A Jin, C Muth, JF Holland, OW AF Narayan, J Sharma, AK Kvit, A Jin, C Muth, JF Holland, OW TI Novel cubic ZnxMg1-xO epitaxial hetero structures on Si (100) substrates SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE surfaces and interfaces; epitaxy; luminescence ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MGXZN1-XO ALLOYS; FILMS; ZNO; DEPOSITION; SILICON; DEFECTS; GROWTH AB We have synthesized a new cubic phase of ZnxM1-xO alloy which can be grown epitaxially an MgO (100) by lattice-matching epitaxy, and on Si (100) substrate by our domain-matching epitaxy for integration with silicon microelectronic devices. Cubic ZnxMg1-xO films on MgO (100), Si (100) and alpha-Al2O3 (0001) substrates were grown using a rotating target in a sin-le chamber 'in situ' pulsed-laser deposition system. Integration of ZnxMg1-xO films with silicon was done via titanium nitride (TiN) buffer layers where four lattice constants of TiN match with three of the silicon during epitaxial growth via domain epitaxy. Rutherford backscattering/ion channeling techniques were used to determine chemical composition and crystalline quality of the films for x = 0.0 0.18. Detailed X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the epitaxial nature of ZnMgO/MgO (100) and ZnMgO/TiN/Si (100) heterostructures, and showed the formation of the Mg2-xZnxTiO4 spinel at the interface with TiN. Using optical transmission measurements, the band gap of cubic Zn0.18Mg0.82O film was estimated to be approximately 6.7 eV. The potential use of these alloys for optical devices in the ultraviolet range is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NSF, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Narayan, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NSF, Ctr Adv Mat & Smart Struct, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009; Muth, John/E-9027-2012 OI Muth, John/0000-0002-2488-7721 NR 14 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 121 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 508LV UT WOS:000173091000003 ER PT J AU Bernhard, C Holden, T Humlicek, J Munzar, D Golnik, A Klaser, M Wolf, T Carr, L Homes, C Keimer, B Cardona, M AF Bernhard, C Holden, T Humlicek, J Munzar, D Golnik, A Klaser, M Wolf, T Carr, L Homes, C Keimer, B Cardona, M TI In-plane polarized collective modes in detwinned YBa2Cu3O6.95 observed by spectral ellipsometry SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE high-T-c superconductors; dielectric response; electron-phonon interactions; light absorption and reflection ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-DOMAIN YBA2CU3O7; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ENERGY-GAP; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL AB The in-plane dielectric response of detwinned YBa2Cu3O6.95 has been studied by far-infared ellipsometry. A surprisingly large number of in-plane polarized modes are observed. Some of them correspond to pure phonon modes. Others possess a large electronic contribution which strongly increases in the superconducting state. The free carrier response and the collective modes exhibit a Pronounced a-b anisotropy. We discuss our results in terms of a charge density wave state in the 1-D CuO chains and induced charge density fluctuations within the 2-D CuO2 planes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Masaryk Univ, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM c.bernhard@fkf.mpg.de RI Humlicek, Josef/G-5245-2014 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 121 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00451-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 511MB UT WOS:000173266700007 ER PT J AU Kotani, T van Schilfgaarde, M AF Kotani, T van Schilfgaarde, M TI All-electron GW approximation with the mixed basis expansion based on the full-potential LMTO method SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors and insulators; LMTO band structure ID VALENCE-BAND; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES; PHOTOEMISSION; POLARIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; SOLIDS; NIO; GAN AB We present a new all-electron, augmented-wave implementation of the GW approximation using eigenfunctions generated by a recent variant of the full-potential LMTO method. The dynamically screened Coulomb interaction W is expanded in a mixed basis set which consists of two contributions, local atom-centered functions confined to muffin-tin spheres, and plane waves with the overlap to the local functions projected out. The former can include any of the core states; thus the core and valence states can be treated on an equal footing, Systematic studies of semiconductors and insulators show that the GW fundamental bandgaps consistently fall low in comparison to experiment. Also the quasi-particle (QP) levels differ significantly from other, approximate methods, in particular those that approximate the core with a pseudopotential, or those that include valence states only. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kotani, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, 1-16 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RI kotani, takao/G-4355-2011 OI kotani, takao/0000-0003-1693-7052 NR 23 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 121 IS 9-10 BP 461 EP 465 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00028-5 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00028-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 537HQ UT WOS:000174753200002 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Wakimoto, S Shapiro, SM Gehring, PM Ramirez, AP AF Kim, YJ Wakimoto, S Shapiro, SM Gehring, PM Ramirez, AP TI Neutron scattering study of antiferromagnetic order in CaCu3Ti4O12 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; phase transitions; spin dynamics; neutron scattering ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; PEROVSKITE AB Magnetism in a single crystal CaCu3Ti4O12 has been studied using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering. We have measured the order parameter of the antiferromagnetic phase transition at T-N = 24.1(1) K. The observed magnetic structure can be consistently described by spins ordered collinearly along the crystallographic [111] direction. A spin wave mode of omega = 7.3(4) meV has been observed and compared with a linear spin wave theory. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510B, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 12 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2002 VL 121 IS 11 BP 625 EP 629 AR PII S0038-1098(02)00061-3 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(02)00061-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540GR UT WOS:000174921600008 ER PT B AU Fry, RJM AF Fry, RJM BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI Radiations in space: Risk estimates SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing AB The complexity of radiation environments in space makes estimation of risks more difficult than for the protection of terrestrial populations. In deep space the duration of the mission, position in the solar cycle, number and size of solar particle events (SPE) and the spacecraft shielding are the major determinants of risk. In low-earth orbit missions there are the added factors of altitude and orbital inclination. Different radiation qualities such as protons and heavy ions and secondary radiations inside the spacecraft such as neutrons of various energies, have to be considered. Radiation dose rates in space are low except for short periods during very large SPEs. Risk estimation for space activities is based on the human experience of exposure to gamma rays and to a lesser extent X rays. The doses of protons, heavy ions and neutrons are adjusted to take into account the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the different radiation types and thus derive equivalent doses. RBE values and factors to adjust for the effect of dose rate have to be obtained from experimental data. The influence of age and gender on the cancer risk is estimated from the data from atomic bomb survivors. Because of the large number of variables the uncertainities in the probability of the effects are large. Information needed to improve the risk estimates includes: (1) risk of cancer induction by protons, heavy ions and neutrons; (2) influence of dose rate and protraction, particularly on potential tissue effects such as reduced fertility and cataracts; and (3) possible effects of heavy ions on the central nervous system. Risk cannot be eliminated and thus there must be a consensus on what level of risk is acceptable. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fry, RJM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP 475 EP 477 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700103 ER PT B AU Lepper, K McKeever, SWS AF Lepper, K McKeever, SWS BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI An objective methodology for dose distribution analysis SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing ID OPTICALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; SENSITIVITY CHANGES; FLUVIAL QUARTZ; SEDIMENTS; SINGLE AB The advent of single aliquot optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques along with parallel equipment advances have made it possible and practical to obtain statistically meaningful quantities of equivalent dose (D,) data from individual samples. Now that hundreds of dose determinations can be made for one sample D. distributions may be scrutimsed, leading to the problem of how to make unbiased comparisons among distributions, and how to decide objectively which dose is representative of the age of the deposit. In this paper, an objective analytical method is presented for treating dose distributions, including a mathematically rigorous means of determining a representative equivalent dose and a statistical definition of its corresponding uncertainty. This analytical method has been applied to Holocene aeolian and fluvial quartz sands from Central Oklahoma. The results are compared to equivalent doses determined via other proposed analytical procedures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Luminescence Geochronol Lab, Environm Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lepper, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Luminescence Geochronol Lab, Environm Dynam Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP A349 EP A352 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700186 ER PT B AU Miller, SD Murphy, MK Tinker, MR Kovacs, A McLaughlin, W AF Miller, SD Murphy, MK Tinker, MR Kovacs, A McLaughlin, W BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI Characteristics and performance of the Sunna high dose dosemeter using green photoluminescence and UV absorption readout methods SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing ID DOSIMETER; FILM AB Growth in the use of ionising radiation for medical sterilisation and the potential for wide-scale international food irradiation have created the need for robust, mass-producible, inexpensive, and highly accurate radiation dosemeters. The Surma dosemeter, lithium fluoride injection-moulded in a polyethylene matrix, can be read out using either green photoluminescence or ultraviolet (UV) absorption. The Surma dosemeter can be mass-produced inexpensively with high precision. Both the photoluminescent and the UV absorption reader are simple and inexpensive. Both methods of analysis display negligible humidity effects, minimal dose rate dependence, acceptable post-irradiation effects, and permit measurements with a precision of nearly 1% 1sigma. The UV method shows negligible irradiation temperature effects from 30degreesC to +60degreesC. The photoluminescence method shows negligible irradiation temperature effects above room temperature for sterilisation dose levels and above. The dosimetry characteristics of these two readout methods are presented along with performance data in commercial sterilisation facilities. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP A53 EP A58 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700125 ER PT B AU Moore, ME Gepford, HJ Hermes, RE Hertel, NE Devine, RT AF Moore, ME Gepford, HJ Hermes, RE Hertel, NE Devine, RT BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI Laser illuminated etched track scattering (LITES) dosimetry system SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing ID COHERENT-LIGHT SCATTERING; CR-39; DENSITY AB Los Alamos National Labs (LANL) has developed an etched track foil (CR-39) reader for neutron dose between 0 and 50.0 mSv. Currently, the US Department of Energy mandates general employee annual exposure not to exceed 50.0 mSv (5 rem). At LANL, due to a non-linear response at higher exposures, accepted practice only uses an Autoscan 60 system up to 3 mSv. The LITES system, however, has demonstrated linear response to 50 mSv, where the proprietary design measures the amount of laser light scattered by the etched tracks, proportional to dose. A collection of calibrated foils was counted by an Autoscan 60 and the LITES prototype, and the Autoscan 60 showed good linearity when counting exposure up to about 15 mSv, but not for higher exposures. From 0 to 50 mSv, the Autoscan 60 had a correlation coefficient of R-2 = 0.941 and the LITES system had R-2 = 0.991. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP A43 EP A45 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700123 ER PT B AU Rathbone, BA McDonald, JC Traub, RJ AF Rathbone, BA McDonald, JC Traub, RJ BE Horowitz, YS Oster, L TI Current challenges in personal dosimetry at the US DOE Hanford site SO SOLID STATE DOSIMETRY, PTS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Solid State Dosimetry CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Bicron Radiat Measurements Products, Bubble Technol, Int Soild State Dosimetry Org, Landauer, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Space Biomed Res Inst, Nucl Technol Publishing AB An overview is presented of the dosimetry system, dose equivalent calculation methodology, and QA/QC practices used at the US Department of Energy Hanford site. It describes some of the problems encountered in accurately measuring dose equivalent quantities under a broad range of field conditions that do not necessarily correlate with laboratory calibration conditions and the approach taken to solve these problems. Personnel at Hanford are monitored with a combination of Harshaw model 8825 and 8816 thermoluminescence dosemeters and CR-39 etched track dosemeters. Extremities are monitored using the ICN MeasuRing loaded with a Harshaw XD740 chipstrate TLD. All dosemeters employ LiF:Mg,Ti elements that are read on-site with Harshaw model 8800 and 6600 TLD readers. CR-39 dosemeters are electrochemically etched in non-commercial etch chambers and counted with an automated track counting system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Problems with over response of the 8825 with respect to H-p(0.07), under-response of the 8825 with respect to H-p(3), and over response of the 8825 with respect to H-p(10) in Hanford's Sr-90/Y-90 beta radiation fields are discussed. Approaches to measurement of the operational quantities for field conditions and algorithm solutions to the above problems are described. Methods used to calibrate the ring dosemeter for Hanford field conditions together with limitations of the ring dosemeter in measuring H-p(0.07) for extremities, particularly when covered with protective clothing, are also discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rathbone, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-73-6 PY 2002 BP A153 EP A166 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BV69W UT WOS:000179805700148 ER PT B AU Nagasubramanian, G Doughty, DH AF Nagasubramanian, G Doughty, DH BE Chowdari, BVR Prabaharan, SRS Yahaya, M Talib, IA TI Polymer electrolytes: Problems, prospects, and promises SO SOLID STATE IONICS: TRENDS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Asian Conference on Solid State Ionics CY DEC 15-19, 2002 CL LANGKAWI, MALAYSIA SP Asian Soc Solid State Ion ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; COMPOSITE SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY AB In 1975 P. V. Wright observed ionic conduction at elevated temperatures in polyethylene oxide (PEO) thin film electrolyte containing sodium salt. This seminal research generated wide spread interest in all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries. Armand took the cue from this observation and demonstrated the use of PEO/salt complex as electrolyte in lithium batteries. Soon after this a number of researchers have followed suit and studied the physical, electrical and transport properties of thin film PEO electrolyte. These studies have clearly identified the limitations of the PEO electrolyte. Chief among the limitations are a low cation transport number (t(+)), high glass transition temperature (T-g), and segmental motion of the polymer chain, which carries the cation through the bulk electrolyte. While low t(+) leads to cell polarization and increase in cell resistance high T-g reduces conductivity at and around room temperature. For example, the conductivity of PEO electrolyte containing lithium salt is similar to10(-8) S/cm at room temperature. Attempts have been made to reduce Tg of PEO polymer by attaching PEO macromolecules to polyphosphazene (N=P) inorganic backbone, which is very flexible. Another material that has been investigated as a backbone material consists of Si-O chain. These two polymers exhibit a lower T-g and higher room temperature conductivity than the unmodified PEO. For example, the room temperature conductivity of the two polymers is around 10(-5) S/cm - a 3 orders of magnitude increase in conductivity compared to unmodified PEO at around room temperature. Although this approach has yielded polymers with lower T-g, the t(+) is still very low - similar to0.25 - for lithium ion. Nano-ceramic particles-of Al2O3, TiO2 etc. mechanically mixed with PEO electrolyte seem to increase t(+). This approach also has inherent limitations regarding phase separation. The latest approach appears to involve integrating nano domains of inorganic moieties such as Si-O as part of the polymer chain. This approach not only has yielded an organic-inorganic polymer electrolyte with higher conductivity but appears to increase the t(+) as well. An overview of the evolution of the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte in the last 25 years will be presented. This article addresses mainly the electrical and electrochemical properties and doesn't discuss the physicochemical and, spectroscopic properties of dry polymer electrolytes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery R&D Dept 2521, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery R&D Dept 2521, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 13 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-238-248-8 PY 2002 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1142/9789812776259_0024 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BX43Z UT WOS:000185284700024 ER PT S AU Brodrick, JR Petrow, ED Scholand, NJ AF Brodrick, JR Petrow, ED Scholand, NJ BE Ferguson, IT Narendran, N DenBaars, SP Park, YS TI Lighting energy consumption trends and R & D opportunities SO SOLID STATE LIGHTING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Solid State Lighting CY JUL 09-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE energy; lighting technology; market demographics; inventory; lumen service; lighting research and development (LR&D); US DOE AB Electric lighting of buildings in the United States consumes over 20% of the nation's primary electricity and is second only in magnitude to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. This installed lighting base is generally inefficient and is characterized by relatively low performance especially when compared to other building systems. While substantial opportunities for improving overall lighting system efficiency exist, the pathway to achievement of this goal is less clear. Lighting research and development conducted by the US Department of Energy's (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's (EERE), Building Technologies Program (BT) addresses this national issue and aggressively pursues a number of broad research areas that promise to yield significant increases in overall lighting system efficiency. Implementation of a successful program in lighting energy conservation depends upon a detailed assessment of energy consumption trends by lighting technology. The results of several years of research are presented that describe electricity consumption by market sector, application and lamp type. Following this lighting market assessment, an overview of the DOE's ongoing lighting research and development (LR&D) program portfolio linked to the market assessments is provided. Individual program contributions toward achieving ambitious lighting energy conservation goals are described. The BTS portfolio includes research in three broad areas: (1) light source and electronics, (2) fixtures, controls and distribution systems, and (3) human factors. An overview of each technical objective is provided, as wen as a timeline for achieving specific energy conservation goals. C1 US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Brodrick, JR (reprint author), US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4543-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4776 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1117/12.457121 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV78A UT WOS:000179995400002 ER PT J AU Hassan, NM King, WD McCabe, DJ Hamm, LL Johnson, ME AF Hassan, NM King, WD McCabe, DJ Hamm, LL Johnson, ME TI SuperLig (R) 639 equilibrium sorption data for technetium from Hanford tank waste supernates SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID PERTECHNETATE; BEHAVIOR AB SuperLig(R) 639 ion exchange resin is currently being evaluated for technetium (Tc-99) removal from radioactive Hanford tank wastes. To assess the performance of the resin in column configuration, a multiple batch contact method was used to determine the equilibrium distribution coefficients (K-d values) and percent removal for technetium. (as pertechnetate, TcO4-) from highly alkaline waste solutions obtained from the Hanford Site. The K-d values for Hanford tank wastes AN-103, AZ-102, and AN-102 were 530, 886, and 287mL/g, respectively. The TcO4- K-d values for the AN-102 mixed with AN-103 after 4 hours and 14 days were 456 and 392mL/g, respectively. The percent removal of technetium as TcO4- anion from three Hanford tank solutions (AN-103, AZ-102, and AN-102) was higher than 80%, which is required for Hanford waste pretreatment flowsheet. The results indicate that SuperLig(R) 639 resin is highly selective for per-technetate in the presence of relatively high concentrations of nitrate anion. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. CH2MHILL Hanford Grp Inc, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hassan, NM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 211 EP 226 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 545KD UT WOS:000175215400004 ER PT J AU Borkowski, M Ferraro, JR Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR AF Borkowski, M Ferraro, JR Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR TI FT-IR study of third phase formation in the U(VI) or Th(IV)/HNO3, TBP/alkane systems SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE infrared spectra; third phase; nitric acid; uranium; thorium; TBP ID NITRIC-ACID; EXTRACTION AB The infrared reflectance spectra of the third phases formed in the Systems UO2(NO3)(2)/HNO3/20%TBP in n-dodecane and Th(NO3)(4)/HNO3/20%TBP in n-octane gave evidence for the presence in solution of a significant amount of weakly bonded molecular nitric acid. From the correlation between the ratio of the areas of the bands at 1672 cm(-1) and 1648 cm(-1), characteristic of weakly intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded nitric acid and nitric acid strongly bonded to TBP, respectively, the molecular HNO3 concentration was determined. The presence of these two bands in the spectra of the third phase samples provides evidence that only part of the HNO3 is directly and strongly bound to the TBP phosphoryl group. The ratio of the weakly intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded HNO3 to that bound directly to P=O group of TBP was much higher for the uranium than for the thorium third phases formed under comparable conditions. The estimated amounts of the weakly intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded HNO3 were about 47% and 30% of the total HNO3 present in the uranium and thorium systems, respectively. In the uranium third phase, the TBP hemisolvate of HNO3 (TBP . 2HNO(3)) was recognized as the predominant species with accompanying very small amount of monosolvate (TBP . HNO3). In the thorium system the hemisolvate of HNO3 was also present, but the monosolvate was found to be the major species. When the thorium concentration in the third phase was increased, a conversion of monosolvate into hemisolvate was observed. Analysis of the infrared spectra for both systems indicated that the nitrate anions form bidentate chelates with the studied metals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1081/SEI-120004807 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 571QD UT WOS:000176727300002 ER PT J AU McAlister, DR Chiarizia, R Dietz, ML Herlinger, AW Zalupski, PR AF McAlister, DR Chiarizia, R Dietz, ML Herlinger, AW Zalupski, PR TI Extraction of alkaline earth and actinide cations by mixtures of Di(2-ethylhexyl) alkylenediphosphonic acids and neutral synergists SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; METAL-ION EXTRACTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; NITRATE MEDIA; SELECTIVITY; AGGREGATION; SYSTEMS; SIZE AB The synergistic extraction of alkaline earth (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ and Ra2+) and actinide (Am3+, UO22+ and Th4+) cations from aqueous nitric acid solutions by mixtures of P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene-(H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene-(H2DEH[EDP]). and butylene-(H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids and neutral extractants in o-xylene has been investigated, The cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis stereoisomers of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6). the unsubstituted 21-crown-7 (21C7) and dicyclohexano-21-crown-7 (DCH21C7) were used as neutral synergists of the crown ether type. For Am(III) synergistic effects were also investigated using neutral organophosphorus esters. such as, tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), diamyl amylphosphonate (DA[AP]) and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as co-extractants. In all systems investigated, no synergistic extraction enhancement was observed for actinide ions. For the alkaline earth cations, synergistic effects were only observed when mixtures of H2DEH[EDP] or H2DEH[BuDP] with DCH18C6 were used to extract Sr2+. Ba2+ and Ra2+. No synergistic effects were observed for the extraction of alkaline earth cations by H2DEH[MDP] or for the extraction of Ca2+ by any of the diphosphonic acids Studied. The synergistic effects obtained with DCH18C6 were significantly higher for the cis-syn-cis than for the cis-anti-cis stereoisomer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4-5 BP 447 EP 469 DI 10.1081/SEI-120014367 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 598MG UT WOS:000178279600002 ER PT J AU Otu, EO Chiarizia, R Rickert, PG Nash, KL AF Otu, EO Chiarizia, R Rickert, PG Nash, KL TI The extraction of americium and strontium by PP'-Di(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; 2-ETHYLHEXYL PHENYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC-ACID; METAL EXTRACTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; DEPOLYMERIZING DILUENT; SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION; THERMODYNAMICS; AGGREGATION AB A new acidic organophosphorus extractant, P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-diphosphonic acid (H2DEH[1,2-BzDP]), has been synthesized. Though the extractant proved unstable with respect to acid hydrolysis upon storage at room temperature, it was sufficiently stable in o-xylene solution under refrigeration to determine its aggregation and extraction properties for Sr2+ and Am3+ between 25 and 60degreesC. Slope analysis of radioanalytical data and the results of osmometric measurements indicate that the dominant extraction reaction for both metal ions is Mn+ + n HL reversible arrow MLn + n H+ where n = 2 for Sr(II) and 3 for Am(III). In the Sr system there is also evidence for the extraction of SrNO3+. As the extractant aggregation and extraction stoichiometries do not change significantly with temperature, it was possible to derive enthalpies and entropies of extraction from the temperature dependence of the metal extraction equilibrium constants between 25.0 and 60.0degreesC. The extraction of both metal ions is driven by an exothermic enthalpy and opposed by unfavorable entropies. The thermodynamic data are discussed in comparison with earlier data on the thermodynamics of extraction of these metal ions by analogous ligands containing aliphatic alkyl linkages between the functional groups and other data from the literature. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ SE, Dept Chem, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 607 EP 632 DI 10.1081/SEI-120016070 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 622ZK UT WOS:000179678100001 ER PT S AU Costes, S Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Costes, S Barcellos-Hoff, MH BE Ijiri, K Slenzka, K Kronenberg, A TI Radiation quality and tissue-specific microenvironments following exposure to 1 GeV/amu Fe SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SPACE RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F1 2/F1 3/F1 3/F2 2 and F2 6 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, NASA ID TRACK STRUCTURE; MAMMARY-GLAND; LAMININ; EXPRESSION; BIOLOGY; MODELS; CELLS AB This paper summarizes quantitative in vivo laminin immunofluorescence analysis of mammary glands and skin epithelial structures from mice exposed to 1 GeV/amu Fe ions. Digital confocal microscopic images were quantified and linked to the rough "core-penumbra" Fe track physical description. Comparison to gamma-ray sparsely ionizing radiation suggested the core of the Fe track being responsible for a biological response only seen with energetic Fe particles. Conclusions for modeling in vivo responses to radiation were then implied. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Costes, S (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Ft Detrick,Bldg 538, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013 OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 865 EP 870 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00410-6 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00410-6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV67M UT WOS:000179730600024 PM 12530433 ER PT S AU Stephens, DL Townsend, LW Miller, J Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L AF Stephens, DL Townsend, LW Miller, J Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, L BE Ijiri, K Slenzka, K Kronenberg, A TI Monte Carlo transport model comparison with 1A GeV accelerated iron experiment: Heavy-ion shielding evaluation of NASA space flight-crew foodstuff. SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SPACE RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F1 2/F1 3/F1 3/F2 2 and F2 6 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, NASA ID 510-MEV/NUCLEON FE-56; FRAGMENTATION; POLYETHYLENE; EXPOSURE AB Deep-space manned flight as a reality depends on a viable solution to the radiation problem. Both acute and chronic radiation health threats are known to exist, with solar particle events as an example of the former and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) of the latter. In this experiment Iron ions of 1A GeV are used to simulate GCR and to determine the secondary radiation field created as the GCR-like particles interact with a thick target. A NASA prepared food pantry locker was subjected to the iron beam and the secondary fluence recorded. A modified version of the Monte Carlo heavy ion transport code developed by Zeitlin at LBNL is compared with experimental fluence. The foodstuff is modeled as mixed nuts as defined by the 71st edition of the Chemical Rubber Company (CRC) Handbook of Physics and Chemistry. The results indicate a good agreement between the experimental data and the model. The agreement between model and experiment is determined using a linear fit to ordered pairs of data. The intercept is forced to zero. The slope fit is 0.825 and the R-2 value is 0.429 over the resolved fluence region. The removal of an outlier, Z=14, gives values of 0.888 and 0.705 for slope and R-2 respectively. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stephens, DL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 901 EP 905 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00404-0 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00404-0 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV67M UT WOS:000179730600029 PM 12539754 ER PT S AU Townsend, LW Cucinotta, FA Heilbronn, LH AF Townsend, LW Cucinotta, FA Heilbronn, LH BE Ijiri, K Slenzka, K Kronenberg, A TI Nuclear model calculations and their role in space radiation research SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SPACE RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F1 2/F1 3/F1 3/F2 2 and F2 6 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, NASA ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; HEAVY-ION FRAGMENTATION; ABSORPTION AB Proper assessments of spacecraft shielding requirements and concomitant estimates of risk to spacecraft crews from energetic space radiation requires accurate, quantitative methods of characterizing the compositional changes in these radiation fields as they pass through thick absorbers. These quantitative methods are also needed for characterizing accelerator beams used in space radiobiology studies. Because of the impracticality/impossibility of measuring these altered radiation fields inside critical internal body organs of biological test specimens and humans, computational methods rather than direct measurements must be used. Since composition changes in the fields arise from nuclear interaction processes (elastic, inelastic and breakup), knowledge of the appropriate cross sections and spectra must be available. Experiments alone cannot provide the necessary cross section and secondary particle (neutron and charged particle) spectral data because of the large number of nuclear species and wide range of energies involved in space radiation research. Hence, nuclear models are needed. In this paper current methods of predicting total and absorption cross sections and secondary particle (neutrons and ions) yields and spectra for space radiation protection analyses are reviewed. Model shortcomings are discussed and future needs presented. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Townsend, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 907 EP 916 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00405-2 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00405-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV67M UT WOS:000179730600030 PM 12539757 ER PT S AU Seed, TM Fritz, TE Tolle, DV Jackson, WE AF Seed, TM Fritz, TE Tolle, DV Jackson, WE BE Ijiri, K Slenzka, K Kronenberg, A TI Hematopoietic responses under protracted exposures to low daily dose gamma irradiation SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SPACE RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F1 2/F1 3/F1 3/F2 2 and F2 6 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, NASA ID MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE; APLASTIC-ANEMIA; PROGENITORS; RADIOSENSITIVITY AB In attempting to evaluate the possible health consequences of chronic ionizing radiation exposure during extended space travel (e.g., Mars Mission), ground-based experimental studies of the clinical and pathological responses of canines under low daily doses of Co-60 gamma irradiation (0.3-26.3 cGy d(-1)) have been examined. Specific reference was given to responses of the blood forming system. Results suggest that the daily dose rate of 7.5 cGy d(-1) represents a threshold below which the hematopoietic system can retain either partial or full trilineal cell-producing capacity (erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and megakaryopoiesis) for extended periods of exposure (>1yr). Trilineal capacity was fully retained for several years of exposure at the lowest dose-rate tested (0.3 cGy d(-1)) but was completely lost within several hundred days at the highest dose-rate (26.3 cGy d(-1)). Retention of hematopoietic capacity under chronic exposure has been demonstrated to be mediated by hematopoietic progenitors with acquired radioresistance and repair functions, altered cytogenetics, and cell-cycle characteristics. Radiological, biological, and temporal parameters responsible for these vital acquisitions by hematopoietic progenitors have been partially characterized. These parameters, along with threshold responses, are described and discussed in relation to potential health risks of the space traveller under chronic stress of low-dose irradiation. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Seed, TM (reprint author), Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 945 EP 955 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00159-X DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00159-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV67M UT WOS:000179730600034 PM 12572532 ER PT S AU Townsend, LW Fry, RJM AF Townsend, LW Fry, RJM BE Ijiri, K Slenzka, K Kronenberg, A TI Radiation protection guidance for activities in low-Earth orbit SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SPACE RADIATION SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F1 2/F1 3/F1 3/F2 2 and F2 6 Symposia of COSPAR Scientific Commission F, held at the 33rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Comm Space Res, NASA AB Scientific Committee 75 (SC 75) of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) was assembled for the purpose of providing guidance to NASA concerning radiation protection in low-Earth orbit. The report of SC 75 was published in December 2000 as NCRP Report No. 132. In this presentation an overview of the findings and recommendations of the committee report will be presented. (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Townsend, LW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 957 EP 963 AR PII S0273-1177(02)00160-6 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00160-6 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV67M UT WOS:000179730600035 PM 12539765 ER PT J AU Thielemann, FK Hauser, P Kolbe, E Martinez-Pinedo, G Panov, I Rauscher, T Kratz, KL Pfeiffer, B Rosswog, S Liebendorfer, M Mezzacappa, A AF Thielemann, FK Hauser, P Kolbe, E Martinez-Pinedo, G Panov, I Rauscher, T Kratz, KL Pfeiffer, B Rosswog, S Liebendorfer, M Mezzacappa, A TI Heavy elements and age determinations SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; DIVERSE SUPERNOVA SOURCES; NUCLEAR-MASS FORMULA; MEAN-FIELD MODELS; POOR HALO STARS; METAL-POOR; CORE-COLLAPSE; POSTBOUNCE EVOLUTION AB The age of the universe, measured from the Big Bang to the present, is at the focus of cosmology. Its determination relies, however, on the use of stellar objects or their products. Stellar explosions, like type Ia supernovae serve as standard(izable) candles to measure the expansion of the universe. Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams of globular clusters can determine the age of such clusters and thus are lower limits of the age of the galaxy and therefore also the universe. Some nuclear isotopes with half-lives comparable to the age of galaxies (and the universe) can serve as clocks (chronometers) for the duration of nucleosynthesis. The isotopes U-238 and Th-232 with half-lives of 4.5x10(9) and 1.4x10(10) yr, decaying via alpha decay chains to Pb isotopes, are well suited to serve this purpose. They are products of the same nucleosynthesis process, the r-process. Therefore, the present paper aims at understanding the necessary environment conditions in the (stellar) production sites, the nuclear physics involved, the observational constraints for r-process nucleosynthesis, the results from nucleocosmochronology, and the remaining challenges and uncertainties which need to be overcome for a full understanding of the nature of the r-process. C1 Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Panov, Igor/F-1454-2013; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 122 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1-4 BP 277 EP 296 DI 10.1023/A:1015890700246 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 562DE UT WOS:000176181500022 ER PT S AU Reid, RS AF Reid, RS BE ElGenk, MS TI Heat pipe transient response approximation SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID STARTUP AB A simple and concise routine that approximates the response of an alkali metal heat pipe to changes in evaporator heat transfer rate is described. This analytically based routine is compared with data from a cylindrical heat pipe with a crescent-annular wick that undergoes gradual (quasi-steady) transitions through the viscous and condenser boundary heat transfer limits. The sonic heat transfer limit can also be incorporated into this routine for heat pipes with more closely coupled condensers. The advantages and obvious limitations of this approach are discussed. For reference, a source code listing for the approximation appears at the end of this paper. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reid, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 156 EP 162 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200019 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM AF Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM BE ElGenk, MS TI Design and analysis of the SAFE-400 space fission reactor SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Ambitious solar system exploration missions in the near future will require robust power sources in the range of 10 to 200 kWe. Fission systems are well suited to provide safe, reliable, and economic power within this range. The Heatpipe Power System (HPS) is one possible approach for producing near-term, low-cost, space fission power. The goal of the HPS project is to devise an attractive space fission system that can be developed quickly and affordably. The primary ways of doing this are by using existing technology and by designing the system for inexpensive testing. If the system can be designed to allow highly prototypic testing with electrical heating, then an exhaustive test program can be carried out quickly and inexpensively, and thorough testing of the actual flight unit can be performed-which is a major benefit to reliability. Over the past 4 years, three small HPS proof-of-concept technology demonstrations have been conducted, and each has been highly successful. The Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) is an HPS reactor designed for producing electricity in space. The SAFE-400 is a 400-kWt reactor that has been designed to couple with a 100-kWe Brayton power system. The SAFE-400 contains 127 identical molybdenum (Mo) modules. A Mo/sodium heatpipe is at the center of each module, surrounded by three Mo tubes that each contain a rhenium-clad uranium-nitride fuel pin. Fission energy is conducted from the fuel pins to the heatpipes, which then carry the heat to a heatpipe-to-gas heat exchanger. This paper describes the design and analysis of the current SAFE-400 reactor design. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 578 EP 588 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200074 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ AF Lipinski, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI NEP missions to Pluto SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) has the potential to deliver fast trips to the distant outer planets and to be enabling for orbiter missions to Pluto, the moons of the distant outer planets, and Kuiper belt objects. This paper summarizes results of a mission study for a Pluto Flyby and a Pluto Orbiter. It was concluded that the flyby mission trip time would be about 6-10 years, depending on how lightweight the power system could be made for a given power level. The trip time was not too sensitive to whether the initial condition was earth escape or earth orbit if a larger power system could be assumed for the earth-orbit option because of the larger launch mass that could be used in that case. The trip time for the orbiter mission was projected to be about 9-14 years. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, MS-1146, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 645 EP 651 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200082 ER PT S AU Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM AF Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermal stress calculations for heatpipe-cooled reactor power systems SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A heatpipe-cooled fast reactor concept has been under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the past several years, to be used as a power source for nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) or as a planetary surface power system. The reactor core consists of an array of modules that are held together by a core lateral restraint system. Each module comprises a single heatpipe surrounded by 3-6 clad fuel pins. As part of the design development and performance assessment activities for these reactors, specialized methods and models have been developed to perform thermal and stress analyses of the core modules. The methods have been automated so that trade studies can be readily performed, looking at design options such as module size, heatpipe and clad thickness, use of sleeves to contain the fuel, material type, etc. This paper describes the methods and models that have been developed, and presents thermal and stress analysis results for a Mars surface power system and a NEP power source. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kapernick, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design, Decis Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 666 EP 672 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200085 ER PT S AU Lee, JH Clement, SD Hanrahan, RJ AF Lee, JH Clement, SD Hanrahan, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI Old myths and new realities: A 21st century space reactor cost estimate SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB This paper reports on a detailed costing by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for the development of the Heatpipe Power System (HPS). This HPS is unique in that it was created in part to reduce development and deployment costs, as well as development time (another significant cost driver). These unique design features are discussed as a basis for the development cost estimate. Key assumptions are core modularity, which makes required testing easier and less costly, as well as the ability of this reactor concept to be fully designed, developed, flight tested, and deployed without the expense of a full-power ground nuclear test. Assumptions for a streamlined program management structure to keep costs at a minimum also are discussed. The various elements of the development program also are presented in summary. The development program of the HPS, to include reactor, heat pipes, shielding, instrumentation and control, reflector, and heat-pipe to gas-heat exchanges has been initially estimated by LANL and MSFC as $210-$250 million and requires 7 years to develop and test for a 400-KW(th) HPS coupled to a Brayton conversion system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, D-10,MS K575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 686 EP 691 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200088 ER PT S AU Reid, RS Kapernick, RJ AF Reid, RS Kapernick, RJ BE ElGenk, MS TI SAFE gas turbine cycle primary heat exchangers SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID SQUARE AB Los Alamos National Laboratory and Marshall Space Flight Center are jointly developing two modular heat pipe heat exchangers, collectively named FIGMENT (Fission Inert Gas Metal Exchanger for Non-nuclear Testing). The FIGMENT heat exchangers are designed to transfer power from the SAFE nuclear reactor cores to gas turbine energy converters. A stainless steel prototype heat exchanger will be built during 2002 in preparation for the construction of a larger refractory metal version. Two promising FIGMENT stainless steel heat exchanger concepts are reviewed here. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reid, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 722 EP 725 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200093 ER PT S AU Poston, DI AF Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI Nuclear safety calculations for heatpipe power system reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Misperceptions continue to exist about the safety of space nuclear systems-both with reactors and radioisotope systems. Frequently engineers do not bother to sufficiently explain the risk, because it is obvious to them that the risks are inconsequential and that their time can be spent in more productive ways. This paper attempts; to quantify some of the nuclear risks associated with two space reactor concepts. The paper does not perform a detailed risk assessment; it merely provides information and data that serves as evidence that the risk to personnel and the public are minimal. The reactor concepts evaluated are Heatpipe Power System (HPS) reactors-the HOMER-15, a Mars surface reactor, and the SAFE-400, a space power reactor. The study concludes that these reactors do not pose any credible risk to personnel or the public. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 748 EP 758 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200097 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Poston, D AF Wright, SA Poston, D BE ElGenk, MS TI Low mass radiation shielding for Martian surface power reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB This paper describes the results of a trade study to define a low mass radiation shield for a small Martian surface power reactor. The shielding effort was part of a larger effort to develop a conceptual design for a 3 kWe nuclear electric power system that has a mass which is significantly less than 1000 kg. This effort was sponsored by, the Department of Energy's (NE-50) Special Purpose Fission Technology (SPFT) program. The shield is capable of keeping the 1 MeV equivalent silicon fluence to less than 1 x 10(15) nvt over the 5-year lifetime of the reactor system. The gamma dose is kept below 10 MRad silicon. C1 US DOE, Lockheed Martin Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), US DOE, Lockheed Martin Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1146, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 759 EP 767 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200098 ER PT S AU Kirkpatrick, RC AF Kirkpatrick, RC BE ElGenk, MS TI Magnetized target fusion and fusion propulsion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a thermonuclear fusion concept that is intermediate between the two mainline approaches, magnetic confinement and inertial confinement fusion (MCF and ICF). MTF incorporates some aspects of each and offers advantages over each of the mainline approaches. First, it provides a means of reducing the driver power requirements, thereby admitting a wider range of drivers than ICF. Second, the magnetic field is only used for insulation, not confinement, and the plasma is wall confined, so that plasma instabilities are traded in for hydrodynamic instabilities. However, the degree of compression required to reach fusion conditions is lower than for ICF, so that hydrodynamic instabilities are much less threatening. The standoff driver innovation proposes to dynamically form the target plasma and a gaseous shell that compresses and confines the target plasma. Therefore, fusion target fabrication is traded in for a multiplicity of plasma guns, which must work in synchrony. The standoff driver embodiment of MTF leads to a fusion propulsion system concept that is potentially compact and lightweight. We will discuss the underlying physics of MTF and some of the details of the fusion propulsion concept using the standoff driver approach. We discuss here the optimization of an MTF target design for space propulsion. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, B229, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 789 EP 792 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200102 ER PT S AU Backhaus, S Tward, E Petach, M AF Backhaus, S Tward, E Petach, M BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermoacoustic power systems for space applications SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Future NASA deep-space missions will require radioisotope-powered electric generators that are just as reliable as current RTGs, but more efficient and of higher specific power (W/kg). Thermoacoustic engines can convert high-temperature heat into acoustic, or PV, power without moving parts at 30% efficiency. Consisting of only tubes and a few heat exchangers, these engines are low mass and promise to be highly reliable. Coupling a thermoacoustic engine to a low-mass, highly reliable and efficient linear alternator will create a heat-driven electric generator suitable for deep-space applications. Data will be presented on the first tests of a demonstration thermoacoustic engine designed for the 100-Watt power range. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Backhaus, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200121 ER PT S AU Moore, JP King, JF DiStefano, JR Ohriner, EK AF Moore, JP King, JF DiStefano, JR Ohriner, EK BE ElGenk, MS TI Production and properties of Mo-41%Re for AMTEC cell construction SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Are melted Mo-41%Re has been produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory using a manufacturing process that is similar to that used for the production of iridium alloys for the encapsulation of plutonium oxide in the General Purpose Heat Source. This particular alloy of molybdenum and rhenium was selected because it would have about the lowest thermal conductivity while avoiding a composition where processing and use could lead to precipitation of undesirable phases. The Mo-41%Re was rolled into plate and sheet products which were used for characterization and to supply material for research and development relevant to alkali metal thermal to electric conversion (AMTEC) cells. Initial attempts indicated that the arc melted Mo-41%Re is fabricable in similar shapes and geometries required for the AMTEC cell. In addition, it was demonstrated that arc melted Mo-41%Re can be electron beam welded without the porosity normally observed in welded powder metallurgy products. Preliminary assessments of the properties of Mo-41%Re were made to provide recommended data for design purposes. In some cases, the only available data were obtained on powder metallurgy or wrought material or on material with different percentages of rhenium. Experimental data indicate that the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of Mo-41%Re are about the same as those of Nb-1Zr, which was the refractory alloy initially considered for this application. The ultimate and yield strengths are substantially greater than those of Nb-1Zr. The oxidation resistance of Mo-41%Re is much better than that of Nb-1Zr for two reasons. Firstly, the oxidation rate is slower for the Mo-41%Re and, secondly, oxidation that does occur is limited to a surface effect and does not reduce the strength and ductility as is observed with Nb-1Zr. Oxidation of Mo-41%Re does cause thinning, and preliminary values of the thinning rates at 800 and 900degreesC in a rather high partial pressure of oxygen are provided. This factor needs to be considered in planning production, storage, and ground testing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moore, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 963 EP 971 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200125 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Sherman, MP Lenard, RX Talandis, RA Poston, DI Kapernick, R Guffee, R Reid, R Elson, J Lee, J AF Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Sherman, MP Lenard, RX Talandis, RA Poston, DI Kapernick, R Guffee, R Reid, R Elson, J Lee, J BE ElGenk, MS TI Small fission power systems for Mars SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A Mars surface power system configuration with an output power of 3 kWe and a system mass of 775 kg is described. It consists of a heatpipe-cooled reactor with UN fuel coupled to a Stirling engine with a fixed conical radiator driven by loop heat pipes. Key to achieving this low mass is the use of a highly radiation-resistant multiplexer for monitoring and controlling the reactor, as well as radiation resistant generators and motors. Also key is the judicious placement of shields to prevent radiation scattered from the Martian surface and air from damaging the reactor controls. Several alternate configurations also are briefly looked at, including a moderated reactor with UZrH fuel and a reactor using U-233 instead of U-235. The moderated reactor system has essentially the same mass as the baseline unmoderated UN system and yields the same radiation shielding requirements. The U-233 reactor is significantly smaller and yields a system mass about 228 kg lighter than with U-235, but part of this weight reduction is due to the use of removable neutron absorbers to assure subcriticality with water immersion, as opposed to permanently placed absorbers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1043 EP 1053 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200135 ER PT S AU Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Sherman, MP Lenard, RX Marshall, AC Talandis, RA Poston, DI Kapernick, R Guffee, R Robert, RB Elson, J Lee, J AF Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Sherman, MP Lenard, RX Marshall, AC Talandis, RA Poston, DI Kapernick, R Guffee, R Robert, RB Elson, J Lee, J BE ElGenk, MS TI Small fission power systems for NEP SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Two nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) power system configurations are presented, each with an output power of 50 kWe and a system mass of about 2500 kg. Both consist of a reactor coupled to a recuperated Brayton power conversion system with a fixed conical radiator driven by loop heat pipes. In one system the reactor is gas-cooled with the gas directly driving the Brayton power conversion system. In the other the reactor is heatpipe-cooled with a heat exchanger between the reactor and the Brayton system, Two variations are described briefly with powers of 100 kWe and 150 Me. The mass scales approximately with the square root of the power. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lipinski, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Nucl Concepts, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1054 EP 1062 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200136 ER PT S AU Zinkle, SJ Ott, LJ Ingersoll, DT Ellis, RJ Grossbeck, ML AF Zinkle, SJ Ott, LJ Ingersoll, DT Ellis, RJ Grossbeck, ML BE ElGenk, MS TI Overview of materials technologies for space nuclear power and propulsion SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID REACTOR STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; FUSION AB A wide range of different space nuclear systems are currently being evaluated as part of the DOE Special Purpose Fission Technology program. The near-term subset of systems scheduled to be evaluated range from 50 kWe gas-, pumped liquid metal-, or liquid metal heat pipe-cooled reactors for space propulsion to 3 kWe heat pipe or pumped liquid metal systems for Mars surface power applications. The current status of the materials technologies required for the successful development of near-term space nuclear power and propulsion systems is reviewed, Materials examined in this overview include fuels (UN, UO(2), UZrH), cladding and structural materials (stainless steel, superalloys, refractory alloys), neutron reflector materials (Be, BeO), and neutron shield materials (B(4)C, LiH). The materials technologies issues are considerably less demanding for the 3 kWe reactor systems due to lower operating temperatures, lower fuel burnup, and lower radiation damage levels. A few reactor subcomponents in the 3 kWe reactors under evaluation are being used near or above their engineering limits, which may adversely affect the 5 to 10 year lifetime design goal. It appears that most of these issues for the 3 kWe reactor systems can be accommodated by incorporating a few engineering design changes. Design limits (temperature, burnup, stress, radiation levels) for the various materials proposed for space nuclear reactors will be summarized. For example, the temperature and stress limits for Type 316 stainless steel in the 3 kWe Na-cooled heat pipe reactor (Stirling engine) concept will be controlled by thermal creep and CO(2) corrosion considerations rather than radiation damage issues. Conversely, the lower operating temperature limit for the LiH shield material will likely be defined by ionizing radiation damage (radiolysis)-induced swelling, even for the relatively low radiation doses associated with the 3 kWe reactor. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1063 EP 1074 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200137 ER PT S AU Longhurst, GR Schnitzler, BG Parks, BT AF Longhurst, GR Schnitzler, BG Parks, BT BE ElGenk, MS TI Multi-megawatt power system trade study SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A concept study was undertaken to evaluate potential multi-megawatt power sources for nuclear electric propulsion. The nominal electric power requirement was set at 15 MW, with an assumed mission profile of 120 days at full power, 60 days in hot standby, and another 120 days of full power, repeated several times for 7 years of service. Two configurations examined were (1) a gas-cooled reactor based on the NERVA Derivative design, operating a closed cycle Brayton power conversion system; and (2) a molten metal-cooled reactor based on SP-100 technology, driving a boiling potassium Rankine power conversion system. This study considered the relative merits of these two systems, seeking to optimize the specific mass. Conclusions were that either concept appeared capable of reaching the specific mass goal of 3-5 kg/kW(e) estimated to be needed for this class of mission, though neither could be realized without substantial development in reactor fuels technology, thermal radiator mass and volume efficiency, and power conversion and distribution electronics and systems capable of operating at high temperatures. The gas-Brayton systems showed a specific mass advantage (3.17 vs 6.43 kg/kW(e) for the baseline cases) under the set of assumptions used and eliminated the need to deal with two-phase working fluid flows in the microgravity environment of space. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Longhurst, GR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gxl@inel.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1075 EP 1083 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200138 ER PT S AU Ludewig, H Todosow, M Montanez, P Bezler, P AF Ludewig, H Todosow, M Montanez, P Bezler, P BE ElGenk, MS TI Preliminary study of impact of fuel options on performance of nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) concepts SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB A study of the sensitivity to fuel type and composition on the performance of two Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) concepts is presented. The performance measures are the specific impulse and the thrust/weight (T/W) ratio, and the concepts considered are based on the NERVA and ESCORT reactors. For the NERVA concept use of alternative fissile materials showed significant reductions in core mass which improves the values of T/W. However, launch safety considerations may be the dominant factor in selection of fissile material. The use of ternary carbide based fuels allows higher exhaust temperatures, but due to their higher density reduces T/W. The use of molybdenum based cermets, and cermets which use UN or UC2 fuel allow for significant reductions in the reactor mass, and thus an increase in T/W. However, the use of molybdenum reduces the exhaust temperature. Both these results for the NERVA and ESCORT based systems indicate the need to axially zone the core. The lower temperature but lighter material should be used in the cooler (< 2500 K) parts of the core, and the heavier, higher temperature material should be used in the outlet end of the core. In addition, the thermal response, and implied stress is estimated for the NERVA concept. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ludewig, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1084 EP 1095 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200139 ER PT S AU Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM Reid, RS Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Talandis, RA AF Poston, DI Kapernick, RJ Guffee, RM Reid, RS Lipinski, RJ Wright, SA Talandis, RA BE ElGenk, MS TI Design of a heatpipe-cooled Mars-surface fission reactor SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB The next generation of robotic missions to Mars will most likely require robust power sources in the range of 3 to 20 kWe. Fission systems are well suited to provide safe, reliable, and economic power within this range. The goat of this study is to design a compact, low-mass fission system that meets Mars-surface power requirements, while maintaining a high level of safety and reliability at a relatively low cost. The Heatpipe Power System (HPS) is one possible approach for producing near-term, low-cost, space fission power. The goal of the HPS project is to devise an attractive space fission system that can be developed quickly and affordably. The primary ways of doing this arc by using existing technology and by designing the system for inexpensive testing. If the system can be designed to allow highly prototypic testing with electrical heating, then an exhaustive test program can be carried out quickly and inexpensively, and thorough testing of the actual flight unit can be performed-which is a major benefit to reliability. Over the past 4 years, three small HPS proof-of-concept technology demonstrations have been conducted, and each has been highly successful. The Heatpipe-Operated Mars Exploration Reactor (HOMER) is a derivative of the HPS designed especially for producing power on the surface of Mars. The HOMER-15 is a 15-kWt reactor that couples with a 3-kWe Stirling engine power system. The reactor contains stainless-steel (SS)-clad uranium nitride (UN) fuel pins that are structurally and thermally bonded to SS/sodium heatpipes. Fission energy is conducted from the fuel pins to the heatpipes, which then carry the heat to the Stirling engine. This paper describes the attributes, specifications, and performance of a 15-kWt HOMER reactor. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design & Anal, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Syst Design & Anal, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1096 EP 1106 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200140 ER PT S AU Hawsey, RA Peterson, DE AF Hawsey, RA Peterson, DE BE ElGenk, MS TI National accelerated coated conductor initiative SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; THICK-FILMS; DEPOSITION AB The national Accelerated Coated Conductor Initiative (ACCI) is committed to assuring continued U.S. leadership in the development of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wire for electric power and other applications of national interest. Increased energy efficiency, power density, and power-to-weight ratio are just a few of the tangible benefits that will be possible if today's meter lengths of HTS wire based upon the compound yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen (YBCO) can be scaled up by U.S. industry to kilometer lengths. This paper presents an evaluation of the current state of the development of coated conductor technology and a vision for its future. The challenges that U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories and their industrial and university partners face will be presented against the backdrop of the history of superconductivity program achievements. It is the purpose of this initiative to accelerate the development, commercialization, and application of high temperature superconductors through joint efforts among DOE laboratories, American industry, and universities, so that future challenges of the electric power industry can be met. Based on their advances in [ITS coated conductor development in a program funded by the DOE's Office of Power Technologies, Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National Laboratories lead and support this effort by improving their own capabilities, including equipment, facilities, and technical expertise. Each laboratory has, in 2001, acquired new laboratory space, new capital equipment, and new personnel with the goal of working closely with U.S. companies to take technologies invented in the labs and demonstrated in I-m lengths and transfer these technologies to the commercial sector. The present status of the performance of the second-generation YBCO wires will be described, and the future plans of the national laboratories will be presented. Opportunities for collaboration are discussed, as well. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hawsey, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1139 EP 1145 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200145 ER PT S AU Demko, JA AF Demko, JA BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermal management of high-temperature superconducting power cables SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies AB Research is being conducted on high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power transmission cables for application in the electric utility industry because of low losses and their ability to increase the energy transmitted in existing underground duct structures. This capability is due to the high current density of the HTS cables compared to conventional copper conductors. This comes at the price of refrigerating the HTS cable to temperatures below 80 K with liquid nitrogen. The background heat load to keep the cable cold must be removed, as well as electrical losses. Under ac operation, energy losses in an HTS cable are refer-red to as alternating-current (ac) losses. For a direct-current (dc) HTS cable, the resistive heat generation is small compared to conventional conductor material such as copper, but it may become significant at long lengths for operation near the critical current, The thermal management of an HTS cable is currently being accomplished by circulating liquid nitrogen through the cable. Several possible cooling configurations use both counterflow and parallel flow schemes. For space power applications, a passively cooled cable would be very attractive, and a preliminary conceptual design is briefly described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1146 EP 1153 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200146 ER PT S AU Gray, KE AF Gray, KE BE ElGenk, MS TI The phenomenology of high-temperature superconductive materials SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2002 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2002) CY FEB 03-06, 2002 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, IEEE, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies ID CRITICAL CURRENTS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THICK-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DENSITY AB High-temperature superconductors offer considerable promise for high current applications. Some of the relevant issues, such as materials, grain boundaries and dissipation, will be introduced and both the fundamental and practical aspects will be addressed, For example. the first generation powder-in-tube wires based on the bismuth cuprate have restricted high field performance at liquid nitrogen temperature due to the weak inter-bilayer coupling of magnetic vortices. The second generation coated conductor uses YBa2Cu3O7 to overcome this. but it requires a high degree of biaxial texturing in order to provide notable performance in high fields in liquid nitrogen, C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kengray@anl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0052-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 608 BP 1154 EP 1162 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BV21Q UT WOS:000178182200147 ER PT S AU Isler, RC Brooks, NH Zaniol, B AF Isler, RC Brooks, NH Zaniol, B BE Back, CA TI Characterization of impurities in tokamak divertor plasmas from analysis of spectral profiles SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY ID DIII-D DIVERTOR; FLOWS AB Studies of the production, transport, and radiative losses of impurities in present-day tokamak divertors; provide input necessary for the design of future burning- plasma machines. Several types of information rely on detailed analysis of emission profiles. These include ion temperatures, ion flows along field lines, and impurity production mechanisms. Temperatures and flows are determined from Doppler broadening and shifts by comparing measured line shapes to theoretical profiles that include the nonlinear Zeeman/Paschen-Back effect. The two major production mechanisms for atomic carbon are physical and chemical sputtering. These processes can be distinguished by comparing atomic and molecular fluxes, which requires modeling the band emissions of CD and C-2. They can also be differentiated from measurements of effective temperatures of C I (best profile fits to thermal distributions). Careful inspection of profiles that give high effective temperatures reveals that they are not actually Gaussian but have asymmetries and shifts that can be correlated to energy distributions expected for physical sputtering. Examples of all these applications are discussed in this review. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Isler, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI zaniol, barbara/L-7745-2013 OI zaniol, barbara/0000-0001-9934-8370 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0100-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 645 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV93T UT WOS:000180453100001 ER PT S AU Scott, HA Adams, ML AF Scott, HA Adams, ML BE Back, CA TI Radiation transport in tokamak edge plasmas SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY ID DIVERTOR PLASMAS; RECOMBINATION AB Plasmas in edge regions of tokamaks can be very optically thick to hydrogen lines. Strong line radiation introduces a non-local coupling between different regions of the plasma and can significantly affect the ionization and energy balance. These effects can be very important, but they are not included in current edge plasma simulations. We report here on progress in self-consistently including the effects of a magnetic field, line radiation and plasma transport in modeling tokamak edge plasmas. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Scott, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0100-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 645 BP 40 EP 51 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV93T UT WOS:000180453100004 ER PT S AU Rozsnyai, BF AF Rozsnyai, BF BE Back, CA TI Autoionizing line shapes and astrophysical opacities SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY ID MATTER AB Opacities are presented for the King IVa mixture for Cepheids in the temperature - density regions of interest. Two sets of opacities are presented, one with the inclusion of the autoionizing widths of the spectral lines, the other without it. The differences are analyzed and comparisons with other data are shown. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rozsnyai, BF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-023,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0100-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 645 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV93T UT WOS:000180453100016 ER PT S AU Chung, HK Shurgalin, M Babb, JF AF Chung, HK Shurgalin, M Babb, JF BE Back, CA TI Absorption spectra of broadened sodium resonance lines in presence of rare gases SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY ID DWARFS; DIMER AB The pressure broadening of alkali-metal lines is a fundamental problem with numerous applications. For example, the sodium resonance lines broadened by xenon are important in the production of broad spectra emitted in the HPS (High-Pressure Sodium) lamp and they potentially can be used for gas condition diagnostics. Broadened absorption lines of alkali-metal atoms are prominent in the optical spectra 4 brown dwarfs and understanding the broadening mechanism will help elucidate the chemical composition and atmospheric properties of those stars. The far-line wing spectra of sodium resonance lines broadened by rare gases are found to exhibit molecular characteristics such as satellites and hence the total absorption coefficients for vapors of Na atoms and perturbing rare gas atoms can be modeled as Na-RG (rare gas) molecular absorption spectra. In this work, using carefully chosen interatomic potentials for Na-RG molecules we carry out quantum-mechanical calculations for reduced absorption coefficients for vapors composed of Na-He, Na-Ar, and Na-Xe. Calculated spectra are compared to available experimental results and the agreement is good in the measured satellite positions and shapes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chung, HK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0100-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 645 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV93T UT WOS:000180453100027 ER PT S AU Gunderson, MA Hooper, CF AF Gunderson, MA Hooper, CF BE Back, CA TI Shifting and merging of Ar+17 spectral lines due to electron collision broadening SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY ID MULTIELECTRON IONS; PLASMAS; IMPLOSIONS; PROFILES AB As the electron density in hot, dense plasmas increases above 1x10(24)/cm(3), the spectral lines of argon from argon-doped deuterium ICF capsules undergo a significant amount of shifting and broadening due to the effects of electron collisions. The shifts of these spectral lines are large enough so that adjacent spectral lines in a spectral line series begin to significantly merge together before the lines have been broadened beyond recognition or have been ionized. With the significant amount of merging of the spectral lines as the electron density increases, the width of these merged features requires that the validity of electron broadening models to second-order in the perturbing electron-radiator interaction be examined because these models are valid out to about twice the plasma frequency from line center. Thus, we present the results from an electron-broadening model to all-order in the perturbing electron-radiator interaction and compare them to results from a second-order model. Comparisons of line spectra from the two models show that for isolated lines the only significant differences occur in the line wings beyond twice the plasma frequency from line center. For spectral lines which are in the process of merging, significant and possibly observable differences between the two models emerge as the electron density approaches 5x10(24)/cm(3). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gunderson, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0100-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 645 BP 276 EP 286 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV93T UT WOS:000180453100036 ER PT S AU Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Lee, RW Hicks, DG Pasley, J Collins, GW Celliers, P Bastea, M Eggert, J Pollaine, SM Landen, OL AF Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Lee, RW Hicks, DG Pasley, J Collins, GW Celliers, P Bastea, M Eggert, J Pollaine, SM Landen, OL BE Back, CA TI Calculations and measurements of x-ray Thomson scattering spectra in warm dense matter SO SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes CY JUN 03-07, 2002 CL UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIVB CALIF BERKELEY ID 2-COMPONENT PLASMAS; ELECTRONS; LIQUIDS AB We present analytical expressions for the dynamic structure factor, or form factor S(k, omega), which is the quantity describing the inelastic x-ray cross section from a dense plasma or a simple liquid. Our results, based on the random phase approximation (RPA) for the treatment on the charged particle coupling, can be applied to describe scattering from either weakly coupled classical plasmas or degenerate electron liquids. Our form factor correctly reproduces the Compton energy downshift and the usual Fermi-Dirac electron velocity distribution for S(k, omega) in the case of a cold degenerate plasma. The results shown in this work can be applied to interpreting x-ray scattering in warm dense plasmas occurring in inertial confinement fusion experiments. We show that electron density, electron temperature and ionization state can be directly inferred from such measurements. Specifically, we present as an example, use the results of experiments performed at the Vulcan laser facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratories (UK) on a LiH target. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gregori, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; Brennan, Patricia/N-3922-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0100-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 645 BP 359 EP 368 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BV93T UT WOS:000180453100046 ER PT B AU Balasubramanian, M Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Balasubramanian, M Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J BE McBreen, J Scherson, DA TI In situ x-ray absorption studies of a high-rate LiNi0.85Co0.15O2 cathode material SO SPECTROSCOPIC TOOLS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Spectroscopic Tools for the Analysis of Electrochemical Systems CY MAY 02-AUG 07, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc ID FINE-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; LINIO2; BATTERY AB We have performed an in situ x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study to investigate the evolution of the local electronic and atomic structure of a high surface area Li1-xNi0.85Co0.15O2 (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) cathode material during electrochemical delithiation. We have measured the changes in the oxidation state, bond distance, coordination number and local disorder of Ni and Co absorbers as a function of the state of charge of the material. The x-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) shows that delithiation of Li1-xNi0.85Co0.15O2 leads to the oxidation of Ni3+ to Ni4+. Ni atoms oxidize during the initial stages of charge and attain a maximum oxidation state of Ni4+ well before the end of charge (xapproximate to0.85). On the other hand, Co atoms do not oxidize during the initial stages of charge but oxidize close to the end of charge. Analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) shows that the oxidation of Ni3+ to Ni4+ leads to the expected reduction in the Jahn Teller effect. Also, to within the accuracy of the EXAFS technique, Co absorbers occupy Ni-type sites in the NiO2 slabs. Furthermore, Co doping has a strong effect on the overall structural evolution and leads to a slight expansion of the a and b axes close to the end of charge. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Balasubramanian, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-237-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 99 IS 15 BP 14 EP 29 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17U UT WOS:000181080200002 ER PT B AU Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J Gao, Y Yakovleva, MV Xing, XK Daroux, ML Mukerjee, S AF Yang, XQ Sun, X McBreen, J Gao, Y Yakovleva, MV Xing, XK Daroux, ML Mukerjee, S BE McBreen, J Scherson, DA TI In situ x-ray diffraction studies of a new LiMg0.125Ti0.125Ni0.75O2 cathode material SO SPECTROSCOPIC TOOLS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Spectroscopic Tools for the Analysis of Electrochemical Systems CY MAY 02-AUG 07, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc ID SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS; ION CELLS; LIXCOO2; R(3)OVER-BAR-M; SAFETY; LINIO2 AB A Synchrotron x-ray source was used for In Situ x-ray diffraction studies during charge on a new LiMg0.125Ti0.125Ni0.75O2 cathode material synthesized by FMC Corp. It had been demonstrated by Gao(1) that this new material has superior thermal stability than LiNiO2 and LiCo0.2Ni0.8O2 at over-charged state. In this current paper, studies on the relationship between the structural changes and thermal stability at over-charged state for these materials are presented. For the fist time, The thermal stability of these materials are related to their structural changes during charge, especially to the formation and lattice constant change of a hexagonal phase (H3). The spectral evidence support our hypothesis that the improvement of thermal stability is obtained by suppressing the formation of H3 phase and reducing the shrinkage of its lattice constant "c" when charged above 4.3 V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-237-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 99 IS 15 BP 30 EP 44 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BW17U UT WOS:000181080200003 ER PT B AU Creighton, JR Breiland, WG Coltrin, ME AF Creighton, JR Breiland, WG Coltrin, ME BE Kopf, RF Ren, F Stokes, EB Ng, HM Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Chu, SNG TI Sources of the parasitic chemical reactions during AlGaNOMVPE SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XXXVI AND WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR PHOTONIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SENSORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Photonic and Electronic Devices and Sensors/36th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors International Symposia CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID VAPOR-DEPOSITION REACTOR; GROWTH; MODEL; OMVPE; ALN; NH3 AB We have used a variety of experimental techniques to investigate possible sources of the parasitic chemical reactions that occur during AlGaN OMVPE. Growth rates for GaN and AlGaN were measured over a wide range of reactor conditions and compared to reactive flow simulations in order to test possible parasitic chemical reaction mechanisms. All our results indicate that the parasitic chemical reactions require high temperatures and occur in the boundary layer near the growing surface. These reactions ultimately lead to the formation of particles, which we have recently observed using in situ laser light scattering. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Creighton, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-369-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 28 EP 35 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW02Z UT WOS:000180671100004 ER PT B AU Young, DL Geisz, JF Coutts, TJ AF Young, DL Geisz, JF Coutts, TJ BE Kopf, RF Ren, F Stokes, EB Ng, HM Baca, AG Pearton, SJ Chu, SNG TI Nitrogen-induced decrease of the electron effective mass in GaAs(1-x)N(x) thin films measured by thermomagnetic transport phenomena SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS XXXVI AND WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS FOR PHOTONIC AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SENSORS II SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Photonic and Electronic Devices and Sensors/36th State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors International Symposia CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Sensor Div ID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; STATES EFFECTIVE-MASS; HEAVILY-DOPED GAAS; BAND-GAP; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING PARAMETER; VALENCE-BAND; ALLOYS; REDUCTION; ENERGY AB Thin films of GaAs(1-x)N(x) were grown on insulating GaAs substrates and subjected to temperature-dependent resistivity, Hall, Seebeck, and Nernst coefficient measurements. These data reveal a change in the dominant scattering from a phonon-like mechanism to a neutral impurity-like mechanism with increasing x. Density-of-states effective-mass values, calculated from the transport data, decrease from 0.084m(e) to 0.029m(e) as x varies from 0 to 0.004. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-369-5 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 3 BP 306 EP 316 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BW02Z UT WOS:000180671100036 ER PT J AU Tibshirani, R Hastie, T Narasimhan, B Eisen, M Sherlock, G Brown, P Botstein, D AF Tibshirani, R Hastie, T Narasimhan, B Eisen, M Sherlock, G Brown, P Botstein, D TI Exploratory screening of genes and clusters from microarray experiments SO STATISTICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE clustering; microarrays; supervised learning ID GENOME AB We discuss a method called "cluster scoring" for supervised learning from a set of gene expression experiments. Cluster scoring generalizes methods that rank individual genes based on their correlation with an outcome measure. It begins with a clustering of the genes, for example from hierarchical clustering, and then computes outcome scores both for individual genes and the average gene expression for each of the clusters. A permutation method is used to identify the significant subset of these scores. We illustrate the method on both simulated data, and data from a study of lymphoma. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy & Stat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, HHMI, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tibshirani, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Hlth Res & Policy & Stat, Redwood Bldg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Sherlock, Gavin/B-1831-2009; Sherlock, Gavin/E-9110-2012; OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU STATISTICA SINICA PI TAIPEI PA C/O DR H C HO, INST STATISTICAL SCIENCE, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1017-0405 J9 STAT SINICA JI Stat. Sin. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 530RM UT WOS:000174372800004 ER PT J AU Dudoit, S Yang, YH Callow, MJ Speed, TP AF Dudoit, S Yang, YH Callow, MJ Speed, TP TI Statistical methods for identifying differentially expressed genes in replicated cDNA microarray experiments SO STATISTICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE adjusted p-value; differential gene expression; DNA microarray; image analysis; multiple testing; normalization; permutation test ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; HUMAN CANCER; PATTERNS AB DNA microarrays are a new and promising biotechnology which allows the monitoring of expression levels in cells for thousands of genes simultaneously. The present paper describes statistical methods for the identification of differentially expressed genes in replicated cDNA microarray experiments. Although it is not the main focus of the paper, new methods for the important pre-processing steps of image analysis and normalization are proposed. Given suitably normalized data, the biological question of differential expression is restated as a problem in multiple hypothesis testing: the simultaneous test for each gene of the null hypothesis of no association between the expression levels and responses or covariates of interest. Differentially expressed genes are identified based on adjusted p-values for a multiple testing procedure which strongly controls the family-wise Type I error rate and takes into account the dependence structure between the gene expression levels. No specific parametric form is assumed for the distribution of the test statistics and a permutation procedure is used to estimate adjusted p-values. Several data displays are suggested for the visual identification of differentially expressed genes and of important features of these genes. The above methods are applied to microarray data from a study of gene expression in the livers of mice with very low HDL cholesterol levels. The genes identified using data from multiple slides are compared to those identified by recently published single-slide methods. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Genet & Bioinformat Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Dudoit, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Earl Warren Hall,7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Speed, Terence /B-8085-2009; Yang, Jean /D-2920-2015 OI Speed, Terence /0000-0002-5403-7998; Yang, Jean /0000-0002-5271-2603 NR 31 TC 756 Z9 789 U1 4 U2 30 PU STATISTICA SINICA PI TAIPEI PA C/O DR H C HO, INST STATISTICAL SCIENCE, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1017-0405 J9 STAT SINICA JI Stat. Sin. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 111 EP 139 PG 29 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 530RM UT WOS:000174372800007 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Xu, D Olman, V AF Xu, Y Xu, D Olman, V TI A practical method for interpretation of threading scores: An application of neural network SO STATISTICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE confidence assessment; fold recognition; neural network; protein structure prediction; threading ID PROTEIN-SEQUENCE DATABASE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; FOLD RECOGNITION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MINIMIZATION; SIMULATIONS; EFFICIENT; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; PROGRAM AB Protein threading has become a popular technique for protein fold recognition and structure prediction. However it remains a challenging and unsolved problem to assess the significance or reliability of a threading prediction result. The lack of an effective mechanism for such an assessment has greatly limited further applications of threading on a genome-scale. We have developed a practical method for assessing the reliability of a threading result, using a neural network approach. As a key goal of threading is to separate true sequence-fold pairs (a pair of proteins that share the same structural fold) from false sequence-fold pairs, we have examined the distribution of true pairs against the many times more false pairs in the parameter space, and discovered that the vast majority of the true pairs fall into a continuous region without any false ones, providing the basis for pattern recognition using a neural net-work. We have trained a neural net-work trying to capture the shape of this "true" region. Our preli minary results are quite encouraging and show that our approach is more effective in assessing the prediction reliability than another neural net-work-based approach employed in the popular threading program GenThreader. This preliminary study also indicates that our current neural network is too simple to accurately capture the overall shape of the true region, and points to directions for further investigation on this highly important and challenging problem. This neural network-based assessment capability has been implemented in our threading program PROSPECT and used during the CASP4 predictions. Our successful performance in CASP4 suggests that even though this trained neural network is far from being perfect, it is fairly effective. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Prot Informat Grp, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU STATISTICA SINICA PI TAIPEI PA C/O DR H C HO, INST STATISTICAL SCIENCE, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1017-0405 J9 STAT SINICA JI Stat. Sin. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 159 EP 177 PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 530RM UT WOS:000174372800009 ER PT B AU Gottlieb, L AF Gottlieb, L GP STC STC TI How I leaped almost overnight from traditional tech writer to Marcom Guy to hybrid - in a tad more than four decades SO STC'S 49TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS: LEADING THE TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Technical-Communication CY MAY 05-08, 2002 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Soc Tech Commun AB I began as a traditional technical writer and editor in January 1961. Then a gradual evolution changed my worklife: I became a multiple-threat hybrid. My experience zig-zagged from writing proposals to professional acting to building technical presentations to educating myself in marketing communications and marketing to counseling others in strategically thinking how to better market their ideas. Today, I am the hybrid of the future: technical writer and editor/marcom specialist/strategic thinker/marketing counselor. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gottlieb, L (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808-L-663, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 N STUART ST, SUITE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203-1854 USA BN 1-891709-12-7 PY 2002 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BV03X UT WOS:000177666000015 ER PT B AU Kosny, J Childs, P Gorgolewski, M AF Kosny, J Childs, P Gorgolewski, M BE Sansom, M TI Making steel framing as thermally efficient as wood most current developments from ORNL SO STEEL IN SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: IISI WORLD CONFERENCE 2002, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International-Iron-and-Steel-Institute World Conference CY MAY 15-17, 2002 CL LUXEMBOURG SP Arcelor, Corus, Int Iron & Steel Inst, Dillinger Hutte, Luxembourg Gov AB In recent years, a variety of light steel frame technologies have been introduced to the residential building market. Light steel framing has many advantages such as, low weight, dimensional stability, resistance to insect damage and almost 100% recycleability, However, for various reasons, including concerns about thermal performance, the use of steel as a framing material is still low. Several material configurations have been investigated to increase the thermal effectiveness of light steel frame structures. This paper focuses on the most common options for thermal improvements of steels framed walls. These include: diminishing the contact area between the studs and exterior sheathing materials, reducing the steel stud web area, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has utilised both hot box testing and computer simulation tools to optimise the thermal design of steel stud walls. The aim is to develop energy-efficient technologies that will enable light steel frame walls to beat the performance of traditional 2 x 6 (50 x 150mm) timber stud walls. Several of the most current ORNL developments n light steel framing which effectively match the performance of timber framing are presented in this paper. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT IRON AND STEEL INST PI BRUSSELS PA AVENUE HAMOIR 12/14, B-1180 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM BN 2-930069-45-7 PY 2002 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW62Q UT WOS:000182612800033 ER PT B AU Isaacs, T AF Isaacs, T GP OECD OECD TI Thematic report on strategic decision making SO STEPWISE DECISION MAKING IN FINLAND FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Stepwise Decision Making in Finland for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel CY NOV 15-16, 2001 CL TURKU, FINLAND SP Posiva Oy, VTT Energy, Finish Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Minist Trade & Ind, Energy Dept C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Isaacs, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OECD PI PARIS 75775 PA 2 RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16 PARIS 75775, FRANCE BN 92-64-19941-1 PY 2002 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV49M UT WOS:000179162700021 ER PT S AU Bethel, EW Bastacky, SJ Schwartz, KS AF Bethel, EW Bastacky, SJ Schwartz, KS BE Woods, AJ Merritt, JO Benton, SA Bolas, MT TI Interactive stereo electron Microscopy enhanced with virtual reality SO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS AND VIRTUAL REALITY SYSTEMS IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Stereoscopic Displays and Applications Conference/9th Annual Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality Conference CY JAN 21-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE AB An analytical system is presented that is used to take measurements of objects perceived in stereo image pairs obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our system operates by presenting a single stereo view that contains stereo image data obtained from the SEM, along with geometric representations of two types of virtual measurement instruments, a 'protractor' and a 'caliper.' The measurements obtained from this system are an integral part of a medical study evaluating surfactant, a liquid coating the inner surface of the lung which makes possible the process of breathing. Measurements of the curvature and contact angle of submicron diameter droplets of a fluorocarbon deposited on the surface of airways are performed in order to determine surface tension of the air/liquid interface. This approach has been extended to a microscopic level from the techniques of traditional surface science by measuring submicrometer rather than millimeter diameter droplets, as well as the lengths and curvature of cilia responsible for movement of the surfactant, the airway's protective liquid blanket. An earlier implementation of this approach for taking angle measurements from objects perceived in stereo image pairs using a virtual protractor is extended in this paper to include distance measurements and to use a unified view model [1]. The system is built around a unified view model that is derived from microscope-specific parameters, such as focal length, visible area and magnification. The unified view model ensures that the underlying view models and resultant binocular parallax cues are consistent between synthetic and acquired imagery. When the view models are consistent, it is possible to take measurements of features that are not constrained to lie within the projection plane. The system is first calibrated using non-clinical data of known size and resolution. Using the SEM, stereo image pairs of grids and spheres of known resolution are created to calibrate the measurement system. After calibration, the system is used to take distance and angle measurements of clinical specimens. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bethel, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4400-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4660 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1117/12.468055 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU75H UT WOS:000176915000045 ER PT B AU Goodwin, PM Ambrose, WP Cai, H Grace, WK Larson, EJ Marrone, BL Jett, JH Werner, JH AF Goodwin, PM Ambrose, WP Cai, H Grace, WK Larson, EJ Marrone, BL Jett, JH Werner, JH BE Kasianowicz, JJ Kellermayer, MSZ Deamer, DW TI Single molecule nucleic acid analysis by fluorescence flow cytometry SO STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF CONFINED POLYMERS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biological, biophysical and Theoretical Aspects of Polymer Structure and Transport CY JUN 20-25, 1999 CL BIKAL, HUNGARY SP NATO ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DNA FRAGMENTS; MONONUCLEOTIDE MOLECULES; EFFICIENT DETECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SAMPLE STREAMS; IDENTIFICATION; SIZE; EXONUCLEASE; LIQUIDS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goodwin, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci M888, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0697-7 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2002 VL 87 BP 351 EP 370 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science GA BU87Y UT WOS:000177287200022 ER PT J AU Smith, GD Derbyshire, A Clark, RJH AF Smith, GD Derbyshire, A Clark, RJH TI In Situ spectroscopic detection of lead sulphide on a blackened manuscript illumination by Raman microscopy SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; SCATTERING; PIGMENTS; PRODUCTS; PBS AB This study investigates a common pigment degradation process, the darkening of lead white by its conversion to lead sulphide (PbS), that is often assumed to have taken place before restoration treatments are applied. For the first time, Raman spectra similar to those obtained from mineral galena (PbS) have been acquired directly from the surface of a manuscript illumination suffering from lead white discoloration. These data, which were collected using a new generation, highly sensitive Raman microscope, indicate that previously published Raman spectra of PbS on historical materials were the result of laser-induced degradation of that material during the analysis. This new instrumentation can be used routinely for the in situ, non-destructive identification of lead white degradation products prior to restoration treatments and provides a means of studying the effects of conservation treatments on artists' materials. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Victoria & Albert Museum, London SW7 2RL, England. UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, London WC1H OAJ, England. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, PO Box 5000 Natl Synchroton Light Source Bdg 725D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 EI 2047-0584 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.2307/1506785 PG 7 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 650FT UT WOS:000181252900004 ER PT B AU Pomeroy, GD AF Pomeroy, GD GP NRC NRC TI Nuclear cities initiative: Interests of the program SO SUCCESSES AND DIFFICULTIES OF SMALL INNOVATIVE FIRMS IN RUSSIAN NUCLEAR CITIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Russian-American Workshop on Successes and Difficulties of Small Innovative Firms in Russian Nuclear Cities CY OCT, 2000 CL OBNINSK, RUSSIA SP US DOE, Russian Minist Atom Energy, Natl Res Council C1 US DOE, Nucl Cities Initiat, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08421-0 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BW41Z UT WOS:000181948600001 ER PT B AU Trivelpiece, AW AF Trivelpiece, AW GP NRC NRC TI Companies based on technologies developed at US national laboratories SO SUCCESSES AND DIFFICULTIES OF SMALL INNOVATIVE FIRMS IN RUSSIAN NUCLEAR CITIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Russian-American Workshop on Successes and Difficulties of Small Innovative Firms in Russian Nuclear Cities CY OCT, 2000 CL OBNINSK, RUSSIA SP US DOE, Russian Minist Atom Energy, Natl Res Council C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08421-0 PY 2002 BP 97 EP 100 PG 4 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BW41Z UT WOS:000181948600011 ER PT B AU Vergino, ES AF Vergino, ES GP NRC NRC TI The role of nongovernmental approaches to business development SO SUCCESSES AND DIFFICULTIES OF SMALL INNOVATIVE FIRMS IN RUSSIAN NUCLEAR CITIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Russian-American Workshop on Successes and Difficulties of Small Innovative Firms in Russian Nuclear Cities CY OCT, 2000 CL OBNINSK, RUSSIA SP US DOE, Russian Minist Atom Energy, Natl Res Council C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08421-0 PY 2002 BP 216 EP 222 PG 7 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BW41Z UT WOS:000181948600023 ER PT S AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Theory of high-T-c superconductivity in layered cuprates SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superconducting and Related Oxides - Physics and Nanoengineering V CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SADDLE-POINT MODEL; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; VALENCE-BOND STATE; FERMI-SURFACE; OPTICAL CONDUCTIVITY; VANHOVE SINGULARITIES; NORMAL TRANSPORT; ORDER-PARAMETER; PSEUDOGAP AB A model of superconductivity in high-temperature superconducting layered cuprates is proposed, based on the extended saddle point singularities in the electron spectrum, weak screening of the Coulomb interaction and phonon-mediated interaction between electrons plus a small short-range repulsion of Hund's, or spin-fluctuation, origin. This permits to explain the large values of T-C, features of the isotope effect on oxygen and copper, the existence of two types of the order parameter, the peak in the inelastic neutron scattering, the positive curvature of the upper critical field, as function of temperature, etc. The resonant tunneling mechanism for the c-axis transport is proposed. Real physical properties are calculated and compared with experimental data. These include the temperature dependence of the static c-axis conductivity in the normal state, frequency dependence of the optical conductivity and stationary supercurrent along the c-axis. It is demonstrated that for the latter the coherence of resonant tunneling through different centers is of primary importance. The resonant tunneling idea is used for description of the origin and some properties of the "pseudogap phase". The superconducting critical temperature in this picture is defined at low doping by establishment of a 3-dimensional phase correlation between the layers, and at high doping by destruction of a d-wave superconductivity by disorder. The result is a nonmonotonic dependence of T c on doping. The pseudogap phase is described on the basis of the Franz-Millis model of superconducting fluctuations, consisting of small superconducting domains with uncorrelated supercurrents. The calculated characteristics, namely, the spectral function, the inelastic neutron scattering cross section, and the spin susceptibility agree with experimental data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4579-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4811 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.455490 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BV72T UT WOS:000179912600001 ER PT S AU Stern, EA Haskel, D AF Stern, EA Haskel, D BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Nanostructure in the La2CuO4 based superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superconducting and Related Oxides - Physics and Nanoengineering V CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture DE superconductivity; XAFS; local structure; La2-xSrxCuO4; La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-yNiyO4; La2-xBaxCuO4; La1.6-xSrxNd0.4CuO4; disorder ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANISOTROPIC TRANSPORT; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOCAL DISTORTIONS; C SUPPRESSION; DOPED HOLES; LA2-XSRXCUO4 AB Orientational dependent x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements on the local structure of the La2CuO4 based high T-C superconductors La2-xSrxCuO4, La2-xBaxCuO4, La1.6-xSrxNd0.4CuO4, La1.85Sr0.15Cu1-yNiyO4, find both displacement and orientational disorder induced by doping (Sr,Ba) and alloying (Nd,Ni) atoms. The displacement disorder is in the first few neighboring atoms to the perturbing atom while the orientational disorder is of nanometer-sized regions which have disordering of the tilt angles of their CuO6 octahedra with respect to neighboring regions. This disorder affects both the normal and superconducting properties of the materials. It is found that disorder induced in the Cu-O-2 planes has the greatest detrimental effect on T-c and conductivity. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stern, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Box 351560, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4579-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4811 BP 86 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.455492 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BV72T UT WOS:000179912600008 ER PT S AU Demsar, J Mihailovic, D Kabanov, VV AF Demsar, J Mihailovic, D Kabanov, VV BE Bozovic, I Pavuna, D TI Carrier relaxation dynamics in high temperature superconductors SO SUPERCONDUCTING AND RELATED OXIDES: PHYSICS AND NANOENGINEERING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Superconducting and Related Oxides - Physics and Nanoengineering V CY JUL 08-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture DE high temperature superconductors; carrier relaxation dynamics; femtosecond time-resolved optical spectroscopy; charge density waves ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; QUASI-PARTICLE DYNAMICS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; FERMI-SURFACE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; 2H-TASE2; 1T-TAS2; TIME AB In this report we review recent experimental results on photoexcited carrier relaxation dynamics on high temperature superconductors (HTSC) probed by a femtosecond time-resolved optical spectroscopy, and compare the results with the data obtained on quasi two dimensional charge density waves. In these experiments, a femtosecond laser pump pulse excites electron-hole pairs via an inter-band transition in the material. These hot carriers rapidly release their energy via electron-electron and electron-phonon collisions reaching states near the Fermi energy within similar to100 fs. If an energy gap is present in the low-energy density of states (DOS), it inhibits the final relaxation step and photoexcited carriers accumulate above the gap causing a transient change in reflectivity arising from excited state absorption. The relaxation and recombination processes of photoexcited quasiparticles, governed by the magnitude, anisotropy and the T-dependence of the low energy gap, axe monitored by measuring the resulting photoinduced absorption as a function of time after the photoexcitation. This way, the studies of carrier relaxation dynamics give us direct information of the T-dependent changes in the low energy DOS. The technique is particularly useful to probe the systems with spatial inhomogeneities, where different local environments give rise to different relaxation rates. The data on series of HTSC-s show evidence for the coexistence of two distinct relaxation processes, whose T-dependences seem to be governed by two different energy scales: a T-independent pseudogap and a mean-field-like T-dependent gap that opens at T,. The data suggest the origin of the two-gap behavior is in the intrinsic microscopic spatial inhomogeneity of these materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Josef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RP Demsar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Demsar, Jure/B-5578-2008 OI Demsar, Jure/0000-0003-4551-7444 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4579-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4811 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.452388 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BV72T UT WOS:000179912600015 ER PT J AU Vasanthamohan, N Peterson, TB Singh, JP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Lanagan, MT Crabtree, GW AF Vasanthamohan, N Peterson, TB Singh, JP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Lanagan, MT Crabtree, GW TI Effect of core inhomogeneity on strain tolerance of Bi-2223 composite conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; SILVER; TEMPERATURE AB Effects of bend strains on monocore Bi-2223 tapes were studied by transport measurements, magneto-optical imaging and electron microscopy. The strain tolerance of tapes that were sintered for 100 (uniform and well-textured microstructure with high I-c) and 50 h (nonuniform microstructure with low I-c) was evaluated. The strain tolerance of the 100-h sintered tape was superior to that of the 50-h sintered tape. We have shown that the observed strain tolerance is largely determined by the interplay of nonuniform strains and microstructural variation across the tape cross section, leading to nonuniform I-c values. An explanation that accounts for an observed concentration of the critical-current density at the Ag/BSCCO interface was presented for the measured strain dependence of the retained I-c. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vasanthamohan, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/15/1/316 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 514UE UT WOS:000173458800018 ER PT S AU Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Pukhov, A AF Shvets, G Fisch, NJ Pukhov, A BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Svelto, O Tajima, T TI Excitation of accelerating plasma waves by counter-propagating laser beams SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma P Caldirola, CNR AB Generation of accelerating plasma waves using two counter-propagating laser beams is considered. Colliding-beam accelerator requires two laser pulses: the long pump and the short timing beam. We emphasize the similarities and differences between the conventional laser wakefield accelerator and the colliding-beam accelerator (CBA). The highly-nonlinear nature of the wake excitation is explained using both nonlinear optics and plasma physics concepts, Two regimes of CBA are considered: (i) the short-pulse regime, where the timing beam is shorter than the plasma period, and (ii) parametric excitation regime, where the timing beam is longer than the plasma period. Possible future experiments are also outlined. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shvets, G (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0057-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 611 BP 317 EP 328 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BU49W UT WOS:000176151800036 ER PT S AU Chen, P AF Chen, P BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Svelto, O Tajima, T TI Laboratory astrophysics using high intensity particle and photon beams SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma P Caldirola, CNR AB Recent years have seen growing interests in the laboratory investigation of astrophysical phenomena that can be addressed by ultra intense electromagnetic fields. Such fields are becoming available through the advancement of technologies in lasers ass well as high-energy particle beams, History has shown that the symbiosis between direct observations and laboratory studies is instrumental in the progress of astrophysics. We believe that a dedicated facility for laboratory astrophysics using high intensity particle and photon beams can help to significantly advance our knowledge in some critical aspects of astrophysical phenomena. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0057-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 611 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BU49W UT WOS:000176151800043 ER PT S AU Pogorelsky, IV AF Pogorelsky, IV BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Svelto, O Tajima, T TI Strong-field physics with mid-infrared lasers SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma P Caldirola, CNR ID ACCELERATORS; PULSES AB Mid-infrared gas laser technology promises to become a unique tool for research in strong-field relativistic physics. The degree to which physics is relativistic is determined by a ponderomotive potential. At a given intensity, a 10 mum wavelength CO2 laser reaches a 100 times higher ponderomotive potential than the 1 mum wavelength solid state lasers, Thus, we can expect a proportional increase in the throughput of such processes as laser acceleration, x-ray, production, etc, These arguments have been confirmed in proof-of-principle Thomson scattering and laser acceleration experiments conducted at BNL and UCLA where the first terawatt-class CO2 lasers are in operation, Further more, proposals for tire 100 TW, 100 fs CO2 lasers based on frequency-chirped pulse amplification have been conceived. Such lasers can produce physical effects equivalent to a hypothetical miulti-petawatt solid state laser. Ultrafast mid-infrared lasers will open new routes to the next generation electron and ion accelerators, ultra-bright monochromatic femtosecond x-ray and gamma sources, allow to attempt the study of Hawking-Unruh radiation, and explore relativistic aspects of laser-matter interactions. We review the present status and experiments with terawatt-class CO2 lasers, subpetawatt projects, and prospective applications in strong-field science. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pogorelsky, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Accelerator Test Facil, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0057-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 611 BP 397 EP 408 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BU49W UT WOS:000176151800045 ER PT S AU Tajima, T Mourou, G AF Tajima, T Mourou, G BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Svelto, O Tajima, T TI Superstrong field science SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma P Caldirola, CNR ID ELECTRON ACCELERATION; ION-ACCELERATION; LASER-PULSES; PLASMA; RADIATION; IGNITION AB Over the past fifteen years we have seen a surge in our ability to produce high intensities, five to six orders of magnitude higher than was possible before. At these intensities, particles, electrons and protons, acquire kinetic energy in the mega-electron-volt range through interaction with intense laser fields. This opens a new age for the laser, the age of nonlinear relativistic optics coupling even with nuclear physics. We suggest a path to reach an extremely high-intensity level 10(26-28) W/cm(2) in the coming decade, much beyond the current and near future intensity regime 10(23) W/cm(2), taking advantage of the megajoule laser facilities. Such a laser at extreme high intensity could accelerate particles to frontiers of high energy, tera-electron-volt and peta-electron-volt, and would become a tool of fundamental physics encompassing particle physics, gravitational physics, nonlinear field theory, ultrahigh-pressure physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. Such a laser intensity may also be very beneficial to an alternative, more direct approach of fast ignition in laser fusion. We suggest a new possibility to explore this. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0057-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 611 BP 423 EP 436 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BU49W UT WOS:000176151800047 ER PT S AU Tajima, T Mourou, G AF Tajima, T Mourou, G BE Lontano, M Mourou, G Svelto, O Tajima, T TI FORUM on superstrong fields and high energy physics SO SUPERSTRONG FIELDS IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Superstrong Fields in Plasmas CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2001 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma P Caldirola, CNR C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tajima, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0057-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 611 BP 459 EP 460 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Optics; Physics GA BU49W UT WOS:000176151800050 ER PT J AU Lee, SL Windover, D Audino, M Matson, DW McClanahan, ED AF Lee, SL Windover, D Audino, M Matson, DW McClanahan, ED TI High-rate sputter deposited tantalum coating on steel for wear and erosion mitigation SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 30-MAY 05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE sputtering; triode sputtering; tantalum; thick coating; refractory coating; phase; residual stress; anisotropy ID THIN-FILMS; STRESS AB A proto-type, rifled steel liner of 20-mm inside diameter was coated with similar to50-125 mum tantalum at similar to22.6 mum/h in krypton gas using a triode sputter system. It was test fired with 1500 rounds for the mitigation of high-temperature and pressure wear and erosion. Growth surface analysis showed: (1) predominately alpha-phase and minimal beta-phase surface tantalum, (2) near random, slight preferred (2111) crystalline orientation, (3) a thin layer of surface zinc oxide and copper firing debris, (4) compressive surface residual stress peaked near the center of the tube. Photomicrograph metallurgical examination showed: (1) general good adhesion in major parts of the bulk coatings, (2) a thin layer of beta phase nucleation, and a phase or mixed alpha and beta phase grain growth, (3) excellent behavior in soft and ductile ut tantalum areas, but cracking and disbonding occurred in beta tantalum areas, (4) coating lift-off and coating loss occurred most frequently in land-groove transition and land areas, less in groove areas, (5) near the breech end where no coating was sputtered, the steel substrate suffered extensive cracking and environmentally-assisted heat damages. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, SL (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 149 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(01)01383-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 509RD UT WOS:000173162700009 ER PT J AU Engleman, PG Dahotre, NB Blue, CA Harper, DC Ott, R AF Engleman, PG Dahotre, NB Blue, CA Harper, DC Ott, R TI High density infrared processing of WC/Ni-11P composite coatings SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; WC; MICROSTRUCTURE; POWDER AB A new high density infrared based coating process has been developed to produce wear resistant coatings on AISI 4340 steel substrates that are of commercial interest. The process combines infrared heating, with power densities up to 35 MW m(-2), with room temperature precursor spray deposition processes to rapidly form wear resistant coatings. Here, the process is demonstrated using a 20 vol.-%WC reinforced coating in a Ni-11 wt-%P binder on a AISI 4340 steel substrate, to produce a smooth, high density, 10 pin thick coating with minimal degradation of the WC reinforcement or base steel and a hardness seven times greater than that of the substrate. (C) 2002 IoM Communications Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Laser Applicat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Infrared Proc Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Engleman, PG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Laser Applicat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 10521 Res Dr,Suite 400, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 J9 SURF ENG JI Surf. Eng. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1179/026708401225002811 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 557XU UT WOS:000175935000005 ER PT B AU Dogan, ON Alman, DE Hawk, JA Danielson, P AF Dogan, ON Alman, DE Hawk, JA Danielson, P BE Kumar, A Chung, YW Moore, JJ Doll, GL Yatsui, K Misra, DS TI Surface modification of P/M TiC reinforced iron matrix composites SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Engineering - Science and Technology II held at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Surface modification of wear resistant Fe-MxCy-TiC composites using a surface melting technique was explored. Powder metallurgy (P/M) was utilized to fabricate the composite alloys. Iron powder was mixed with elemental titanium, chromium, and graphite powders, and then hot-pressed to full density. During the hot pressing cycle, an SHS-type reaction occurred, transforming the titanium and chromium powders to TiC and (Fe,Cr)(x)C-y in a steel (Fe-Cr-C) matrix. The influence of alloy composition and SHS process parameters on the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of the TiC reinforced composites were discussed. It is demonstrated that during the surface modification, the TiC phase does not melt but the steel matrix and (Fe,Cr)(x)C-y phase melt. During solidification of the austenite and M7C3 eutectic, a finer distribution of M7C3 particles is obtained. The in-situ formation of TiC and (Fe,Cr)(x)C-y precipitates via SHS reaction processing and surface melting produce a composite with wear resistance superior to conventional wear resistant materials. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dogan, ON (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-521-2 PY 2002 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT70 UT WOS:000223506400016 ER PT B AU Zhang, Z Kameda, J Swanson, AH Sakurai, S Sato, M AF Zhang, Z Kameda, J Swanson, AH Sakurai, S Sato, M BE Kumar, A Chung, YW Moore, JJ Doll, GL Yatsui, K Misra, DS TI Factors controlling in-plane cracking of thermal barrier coatings SO SURFACE ENGINEERING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Engineering - Science and Technology II held at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID RESIDUAL-STRESS AB Several factors, i.e., residual stress, thermally grown oxides (TGO) and porosity, controlling delamination of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBC) have been studied. A recent study is first summarized on in-plane cracking behavior near and away from the interface of TBC and TGO formed while in-service using a protruded TBC testing technique together with a finite element stress analysis. In thick substrate specimens, in-plane TBC cracking near the TBC/TGO interface required lower critical local tensile stress (sigma*) than that near the TBC midst. As the substrate thickness increased, the near- and away-from-interfacial TBC cracking became easier and more difficult, respectively. The dependence of sigma* on the TBC location and substrate thickness is interpreted in terms of tensile and compressive residual stresses produced during thermal cycling. In as-sprayed TBC with a large variety of porosity, the sigma*, estimated using constant modulus (E), scattered along the distance away from the interface. The sigma* increased linearly with the porosity. There are two reasons for the findings. First, increasing the porosity leads to a reduction in the E, which affects an estimate of sigma* in protruded TBC specimens. Secondly, the sigma* is also affected by the ratio of the E to the critical size of crack nuclei, which changes with the porosity, via the Griffith criterion. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-521-2 PY 2002 BP 327 EP 336 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BAT70 UT WOS:000223506400032 ER PT B AU Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, OL Kazmanli, MK Fenske, G AF Erdemir, A Eryilmaz, OL Kazmanli, MK Fenske, G BE Sudarshan, TS Stiglich, JJ Jeandin, M TI Synthesis of superlow friction carbon films from hydrogen rich acetylene Plasmas SO Surface Modification Technologies XV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Surface Modification Technologies CY NOV 05-08, 2001 CL Indianapolis, IN SP ASM Int, Inst Mat ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SOURCE GAS; COATINGS; WEAR; DEPOSITION; SURFACES; ENVIRONMENT AB In this paper, we introduce a class of new diamondlike carbon films that can provide superlow friction and wear properties to sliding surfaces in dry nitrogen. The films were produced in a plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition system on AISI M50 and H13 steel substrates by using hydro-en-rich acetylene (C2H2) plasmas at room temperature. The friction and wear testing of the films was performed in a pin-on-disk machine under a 10-N load at a velocity of 0.5 m/s. Test results revealed a very close correlation between friction and wear coefficients and the hydrogen content of the gas discharge plasma from which the DLC films were derived. Specifically, the films derived from plasmas with higher hydrogen exhibited increasingly lower friction and wear coefficients than films grown in pure C2H2. The lowest friction coefficient (0.003) was achieved with a film derived from a gas mixture of 90 Vol.% H-2 + 10 VoL% C2H2, whereas the friction coefficient of films derived from pure C H-2(2) was 0.35. Similar correlations were observed for wear rates. Specifically, films derived from C2H2 were worn out rather quickly and the substrate steel was exposed, whereas films of highly hydrogenated plasmas remained intact and wore at rates 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than those of films obtained from pure C2H2. Based on surface studies and tribological test results, a mechanistic model is presented to elucidate the superlow friction coefficients of films grown in highly hydrogenated plasmas. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kazmanli, Kursat/O-2062-2013 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-760-8 PY 2002 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BCR43 UT WOS:000230919500004 ER PT J AU Henderson, MA AF Henderson, MA TI The interaction of water with solid surfaces: fundamental aspects revisited SO SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTION; NATIVE-OXIDE-GROWTH; IN-SITU STM; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; MODEL ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERFACES AB Water is perhaps the most important and most pervasive chemical on our planet. The influence of water permeates virtually all areas of biochemical, chemical and physical importance, and is especially evident in phenomena occurring at the interfaces of solid surfaces. Since 1987, when Thiel and Madey (TM) published their review titled 'The interaction of water with solid surfaces: fundamental aspects' in Surface Science Reports, there has been considerable progress made in further understanding the fundamental interactions of water with solid surfaces. In the decade and a half, the increased capability of surface scientists to probe at the molecular-level has resulted in more detailed information of the properties of water on progressively more complicated materials and under more stringent conditions. This progress in understanding the properties of water on solid surfaces is evident both in areas for which surface science methodology has traditionally been strong (catalysis and electronic materials) and also in new areas not traditionally studied by surface scientists such as electrochemistry, photoconversion, mineralogy, adhesion, sensors, atmospheric chemistry and tribology. Researchers in all these fields grapple with very basic questions regarding the interactions of water with solid surfaces such as how is water adsorbed, what are the chemical and electrostatic forces that constitute the adsorbed layer, how is water thermally or non-thermally activated and how do coadsorbates influence these properties of water. The attention paid to these and other fundamental questions in the past decade and a half has been immense. In this review, experimental studies published since the TM review are assimilated with those covered by TM to provide a current picture of the fundamental interactions of water with solid surfaces. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 99 MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.henderson@pnl.gov NR 1095 TC 1383 Z9 1399 U1 67 U2 671 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5729 EI 1879-274X J9 SURF SCI REP JI Surf. Sci. Rep. PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1-8 BP 1 EP 308 AR PII S0167-5729(01)00020-6 DI 10.1016/S0167-5729(01)00020-6 PG 308 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 560PK UT WOS:000176090300001 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI Surface science studies of model fuel cell electrocatalysts SO SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Review ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTRODES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FORMIC-ACID OXIDATION; IRREVERSIBLY ADSORBED BISMUTH; DEFINED PLATINUM SURFACES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; MODIFIED PT(111) ELECTRODES; PT-RU ALLOYS; ELECTROLYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION AB The purpose of this review is to discuss progress in the understanding of electrocatalytic reactions through the study of model systems with surface spectroscopies. Pure metal single crystals and well-characterized bulk alloys have been used quite successfully as models for real (commercial) electrocatalysts. Given the sheer volume of all work in electrocatalysis that is on fuel cell reactions, we will focus on electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Since Pt is the model fuel cell electrocatalyst, we will focus entirely on studies of pure Pt and Pt bimetallic alloys. The electrode reactions discussed include hydrogen oxidation/evolution, oxygen reduction, and the electrooxidation of carbon monoxide, formic acid, and methanol. Surface spectroscopies emphasized are FTIR, STM/AFM and surface X-ray scattering (SXS). The discussion focuses on the relation between the energetics of adsorption of intermediates and the reaction pathway and kinetics, and how the energetics and kinetics relate to the extrinsic properties of the model system, e.g. surface structure and/or composition. Finally, we conclude by discussing the limitations that are reached by using pure metal single crystals and well-characterized bulk alloys as models for real catalysts, and suggest some directions for developing more realistic systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nmmarkovic@lbl.gov NR 352 TC 415 Z9 417 U1 42 U2 304 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5729 J9 SURF SCI REP JI Surf. Sci. Rep. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 4-6 BP 121 EP 229 AR PII S0167-5729(01)00022-X PG 109 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 552DK UT WOS:000175603400001 ER PT S AU Kim, A Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bernstein, G Bester, M Bonissent, A Bower, C Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Ellis, R Eriksson, M Fruchter, A Genat, JF Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Karcher, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Lampton, M Levi, M Levin, D Linder, E Loken, S Malina, R Massey, R McKay, T McKee, S Miquel, R Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Refregier, A Rhodes, J Robinson, K Roe, N Sholl, M Schubnell, M Smadja, G Smoot, G Spadafora, A Tarle, G Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, JP Wang, G AF Kim, A Akerlof, C Aldering, G Amanullah, R Astier, P Barrelet, E Bebek, C Bergstrom, L Bercovitz, J Bernstein, G Bester, M Bonissent, A Bower, C Carithers, W Commins, E Day, C Deustua, S DiGennaro, R Ealet, A Ellis, R Eriksson, M Fruchter, A Genat, JF Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Groom, D Harris, S Harvey, P Heetderks, H Holland, S Huterer, D Karcher, A Kolbe, W Krieger, B Lafever, R Lamoureux, J Lampton, M Levi, M Levin, D Linder, E Loken, S Malina, R Massey, R McKay, T McKee, S Miquel, R Mortsell, E Mostek, N Mufson, S Musser, J Nugent, P Oluseyi, H Pain, R Palaio, N Pankow, D Perlmutter, S Pratt, R Prieto, E Refregier, A Rhodes, J Robinson, K Roe, N Sholl, M Schubnell, M Smadja, G Smoot, G Spadafora, A Tarle, G Tomasch, A von der Lippe, H Vincent, D Walder, JP Wang, G BE Tyson, JA Wolff, S TI Wide-field surveys from the SNAP mission SO SURVEY AND OTHER TELESCOPE TECHNOLOGIES AND DISCOVERIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE astronomical imaging; wide-field surveys ID SUPERNOVAE AB The Supernova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-borne observatory that will survey the sky with a widefield optical/near-infrared (NIR) imager. The images produced by SNAP will have an unprecedented combination of depth, solid-angle, angular resolution, and temporal sampling. For 16 months each, two 7.5 square-degree fields will be observed every four days to a magnitude depth of AB = 27.7 in each of the SNAP filters, spanning 3500-17000Angstrom. Co-adding images over all epochs will give AB = 30.3 per filter. In addition, a 300 square-degree field will be surveyed to AB = 28 per filter, with no repeated temporal sampling. Although the survey strategy is tailored for supernova and weak gravitational lensing observations, the resulting data will support a broad range of auxiliary science programs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; OI malina, roger/0000-0003-3399-3865; Miquel, Ramon/0000-0002-6610-4836; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4615-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4836 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.457953 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95H UT WOS:000180513800007 ER PT S AU Aldering, G Adam, G Antilogus, P Astier, R Bacon, R Bongard, S Bonnaud, C Copin, Y Hardin, D Henault, F Howell, DA Lemonnier, JP Levy, JM Loken, S Nugent, P Pain, R Pecontal, A Pecontal, E Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Schahmaneche, K Smadja, G Wood-Vasey, WM AF Aldering, G Adam, G Antilogus, P Astier, R Bacon, R Bongard, S Bonnaud, C Copin, Y Hardin, D Henault, F Howell, DA Lemonnier, JP Levy, JM Loken, S Nugent, P Pain, R Pecontal, A Pecontal, E Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Schahmaneche, K Smadja, G Wood-Vasey, WM CA Nearby Supernova Factory Collabora BE Tyson, JA Wolff, S TI Overview of the Nearby Supernova Factory SO SURVEY AND OTHER TELESCOPE TECHNOLOGIES AND DISCOVERIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE Supernova; survey; cosmology; integral-field-unit; spectrograph ID INTEGRAL-FIELD SPECTROGRAPH; IA SUPERNOVAE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; UNIVERSE; EVOLUTION; SEARCH; LAMBDA; OMEGA AB The Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) is an international experiment designed to lay the foundation for the next generation of cosmology experiments (such as CFHTLS, wP, SNAP and LSST) which will measure the expansion history of the Universe using Type la supernovae. The SNfactory will discover and obtain frequent lightcurve spectrophotometry covering 3200-10000Angstrom for roughly 300 Type Ia supernovae at the low-redshift end of the smooth Hubble flow. The quantity, quality, breadth of galactic environments, and homogeneous nature of the SNfactory dataset will make it the premier source of calibration for the Type Ia supernova width-brightness relation. and the intrinsic supernova colors used for K-correction and correction for extinction by host-galaxy dust. This dataset will also allow an extensive investigation of additional parameters which possibly influence the quality of Type la supernovae as cosmological probes. The SNfactory search capabilities and follow-up instrumentation include wide-field CCD imagers on two 1.2-m telescopes (via collaboration with the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking team at JPL and the QUEST team at Yale), and a two-channel integral-field-unit optical spectrograph/imager being fabricated for the University of Hawaii 2.2-m telescope. In addition to ground-based follow-up, UV spectra for a subsample of these supernovae will be obtained with HST. The pipeline to obtain, transfer via wireless and standard internet, and automatically process the search images is in operation. Software and hardware development is now underway to enable the execution of follow-up spectroscopy of supernova candidates at the Hawaii 2.2-m telescope via automated remote control of the telescope and the IFU spectrograph/imager. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aldering, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015 OI Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518 NR 31 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4615-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4836 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.458107 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95H UT WOS:000180513800008 ER PT S AU Seppala, LG AF Seppala, LG BE Tyson, JA Wolff, S TI Improved optical design for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) SO SURVEY AND OTHER TELESCOPE TECHNOLOGIES AND DISCOVERIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE astronomical telescopes; wide field telescopes; three mirror telescopes; survey telescopes; optical design; telescope design; telescope baffles AB This paper presents an improved optical design for the LSST, an f/1.25 three-mirror telescope covering 3.0 degrees full field angle, with 6.9 m effective aperture diameter. The telescope operates at five wavelength bands spanning 386.5 nm to 1040 nm (B, V, R, I and Z). For all bands, 80% of the polychromatic diffracted energy is collected within 0.20 arcseconds diameter. The reflective telescope uses an 8.4 m f/1.06 concave primary, a 3.4 m convex secondary and a 5.2 m concave tertiary in a Paul geometry. The system length is 9.2 m. A refractive corrector near the detector uses three fused silica lenses, rather than the two lenses of previous designs. Earlier designs required that one element be a vacuum barrier, but now the detector sits in an inert gas at ambient pressure, with the last lens serving as the gas barrier. Small adjustments lead. to optimal correction at each band. Each filter has a different axial thickness, and the primary and tertiary mirrors are repositioned for each wavelength band. Features that simplify manufacturing include a flat detector, a far less aspheric convex secondary (10 mum from best fit sphere) and reduced aspheric departures on the lenses and tertiary mirror. Five aspheric surfaces, on all three mirrors and on two lenses, are used. The primary is nearly parabolic. The telescope is fully baffled so that no specularly reflected light from any field angle, inside or outside of the full field angle of 3.0 degrees, can reach the detector. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Seppala, LG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4615-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4836 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.461389 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95H UT WOS:000180513800014 ER PT S AU Stoughton, C Adelman, J Annis, J Hendry, J Inkmann, J Jester, S Kent, S Kuropatkin, N Lee, B Lin, H Peoples, J Sparks, R Tucker, D Vanden Berk, D Yanny, B Yocum, D AF Stoughton, C Adelman, J Annis, J Hendry, J Inkmann, J Jester, S Kent, S Kuropatkin, N Lee, B Lin, H Peoples, J Sparks, R Tucker, D Vanden Berk, D Yanny, B Yocum, D BE Tyson, JA Wolff, S TI Data processing factory for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO SURVEY AND OTHER TELESCOPE TECHNOLOGIES AND DISCOVERIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE astronomical data processing; surveys AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data handling presents two challenges: large data volume and timely production of spectroscopic plates from imaging data. A data processing factory, using technologies both old and new, handles this flow. Distribution to end users is via disk farms, to serve corrected images and calibrated spectra, and a database, to efficiently process catalog queries. For distribution of modest amounts of data from Apache Point Observatory to Fermilab, scripts use rsync to update files, while larger data transfers are accomplished by shipping magnetic tapes commercially. All data processing pipelines are wrapped in scripts to address consecutive phases: preparation, submission, checking, and quality control. We constructed the factory by chaining these pipelines together while using an operational database to hold processed imaging catalogs. Them science database catalogs all imaging and spectroscopic object, with pointers to the various external files associated with them. Diverse computing systems address particular processing phases. UNIX computers handle tape reading and writing, as well as calibration steps that require access to a large amount of data with relatively modest computational demands. Commodity CPUs process steps that require access to a limited amount of data with more demanding computations requirements. Disk servers optimized for cost per Gbyte serve terabytes of processed data, while servers optimized for disk read speed run SQLServer software to process queries on the catalogs. This factory produced data for the SDSS Early Data Release in June 2001, and it is currently producing Data Release One, scheduled for January 2003. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60150 USA. RP Stoughton, C (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60150 USA. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4615-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4836 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1117/12.457014 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95H UT WOS:000180513800039 ER PT S AU Boroski, WN Gunn, JE Kron, RG Peoples, J AF Boroski, WN Gunn, JE Kron, RG Peoples, J BE Tyson, JA Wolff, S TI The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Performance and lessons learned from the first two years of operations SO SURVEY AND OTHER TELESCOPE TECHNOLOGIES AND DISCOVERIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries CY AUG 27-28, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union AB Over a 5-year observing period, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will acquire data to construct a digital 5-color photometric map of the Northern Galactic sky to about 23rd magnitude, and a correspondingly large and homogeneous spectroscopic survey. The SDSS is in a unique class of projects, in that all aspects of the SDSS infrastructure, from the telescopes and instruments, to software and operations staffing, were designed and assembled specifically to conduct this Survey. To ensure success, observing operations are run in production mode and performance metrics are used to measure progress over time. The methodology of preparing the performance baseline plan, and an assessment of Survey progress after two full years of operation, are reviewed and some lessons learned discussed. In particular, the SDSS has benefited greatly by asking peers in the field to participate in external reviews that periodically assess performance and offer independent, fresh views of potential areas of concerns. Additionally, difficulties caused by the absence of an experienced systems-engineering staff during the final phase of construction and commissioning are reviewed. The challenges of building a production machine out of complex and state-of-the-art sub-systems cannot be overstated. In the case of the SDSS, insufficient systems engineering led to problems meeting initial image quality requirements, primarily because of problems with the thermal performance of the telescope and its environment. A concerted campaign to deal with these issues was successful, but that success came rather later than we would have liked. The improvements made to address the situation, and the resulting increase in operational performance, are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Boroski, WN (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4615-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4836 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1117/12.457297 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV95H UT WOS:000180513800041 ER PT J AU Samet, AV Coughlin, DJ Buchanan, AC Gakh, AA AF Samet, AV Coughlin, DJ Buchanan, AC Gakh, AA TI An improved "one-pot" procedure for synthesis of fluorinated DL-phenylalanines SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NMR; PROBE AB DL-arylalanines were synthesized from corresponding aromatic aldehydes by an efficient "one-pot" procedure involving Erlenmeyer reaction and subsequent reduction of the resulting oxazolones (without prior isolation) using P/HI. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Cyanamid Co, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Samet, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 941 EP 946 DI 10.1081/SCC-120002709 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 540UV UT WOS:000174948700021 ER PT B AU Knapp, RB Richardson, JH Rosenberg, N Smith, DK Tompson, AFB Sarnogoev, A Duisebayev, B Janecky, D AF Knapp, RB Richardson, JH Rosenberg, N Smith, DK Tompson, AFB Sarnogoev, A Duisebayev, B Janecky, D GP BALKEMA BALKEMA BALKEMA TI Radioactive tailings issues in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan SO TAILINGS AND MINE WASTE '02 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste CY JAN 27-30, 2002 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, CO HO COLORADO STATE UNIV AB Soviet era uranium mining and ore processing practices in Central Asia have left a nuclear legacy that threatens human health, promises severe and long-term environmental degradation, and retards economic development. We survey four sites in Kyrgyzstan (Mayluu-Suu, Kaji-Say, Ak Tuz, and Ming Kush) and two sites in Kazakhstan (Ulba Metallurgical Plant and Aksuek) that epitomize the situation. Mayluu-Suu, the site of greatest concern in Kyrgyzstan, has multiple tailings impoundments that are threatened by landslides, which could either push impoundments into the adjacent river or form dams and submerge them. The Ulba Metallurgical Plant in Kazakhstan is one of the oldest plants supporting the nuclear cycle. Operations have created a large quantity of waste, including actinides and beryllium, that is stored in retention basins. Some retention basins have sediment beaches, which act as sources for airborne contaminants. The clay-lining in some basins has cracked, producing contaminant plumes of unknown magnitude. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Knapp, RB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-353-0 PY 2002 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BU28H UT WOS:000175560600040 ER PT S AU Seiders, B Rybka, A AF Seiders, B Rybka, A BE Hamilton, MK TI Technologies for distributed defense SO TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND ARCHITECTURES FOR TRANSNATIONAL DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies, Systems, and Architectures for Transnational Defense CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE information surveillance; biosurveillance; defense; distributed defense; imaging; biometrics; security AB For Americans, the nature of warfare changed on September 11, 2001. Our national security henceforth will require distributed defense. One extreme of distributed defense is represented by fully deployed military troops responding to a threat from a hostile nation state. At the other extreme is a country of "citizen soldiers," with families and communities securing their common defense through heightened awareness, engagement as good neighbors, and local support of and cooperation with local law enforcement, emergency and health care providers. Technologies - for information exploitation, biological agent detection, health care surveillance, and security - will be critical to ensuring success in distributed defense. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Seiders, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-46, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4495-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4745 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.475867 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BV20R UT WOS:000178159300002 ER PT S AU Seiders, B McQuerry, D Ferryman, T Whitney, P Rybka, A AF Seiders, B McQuerry, D Ferryman, T Whitney, P Rybka, A BE Hamilton, MK TI Information surveillance SO TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND ARCHITECTURES FOR TRANSNATIONAL DEFENSE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies, Systems, and Architectures for Transnational Defense CY APR 03-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE information surveillance; biosurveillance; information exploitation; statistics; disease model; epidemiology AB Biological weapons are within reach of individuals, small groups, terrorist organizations, as well as nations. With pervasive integration of civilian and military populations worldwide, the ill winds of biological warfare stand to affect military troops and civilians alike. A variety of technologies are emerging - such as pathogen detection devices, streaming internet characterization tools, information exploitation techniques, automated feature extraction, and ubiquitous wireless communication - that can help. These technologies, if taken together within an integrated analytical framework, could make possible the monitoring of diverse parameters that may indicate a change in the state of health of a given population - either the emergence of a naturally occurring disease or the outbreak of a disease as a result of hostile intent. This presentation will discuss the application of new information surveillance tools and technologies as they apply to health and disease monitoring, particularly within the context of potential terrorist or hostile nation use of biological warfare. Although discussed within the specific context of health surveillance, the tools and processes described here are generally applicable within other domains of subject matter expertise. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Seiders, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-46, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4495-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4745 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.475855 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BV20R UT WOS:000178159300007 ER PT S AU Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Sha, YH Zhao, X Zuo, L Richardson, JW AF Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Sha, YH Zhao, X Zuo, L Richardson, JW BE Lee, DN TI Development of grain-orientation-dependent residual stresses in interstitial-free steel after deformation SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE deformation; neutron diffraction; residual stress; texture ID INTERGRANULAR STRAINS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALS AB The grain-orientation-dependent stresses in cold-rolled interstitial-free steel were investigated by constructing the stress-orientation distribution function from the lattice elastic strain distributions measured by the neutron diffraction technique. The experimental results give some insights into the development of the intergranular stresses and crystallographic textures as a function of deformation by cold rolling. The implications of the measured intergranular stresses for developing new models to simulate elastic-plastic behaviors in a polycrystalline material are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200011 ER PT S AU Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR Watkins, TR AF Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Almer, JD Lienert, U Haeffner, DR Watkins, TR BE Lee, DN TI Recrystallization and deformation texture components separation by high-energy x-ray diffraction SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE deformation; high-energy x-ray; recrystallization; synchrotron radiation; texture ID GROWTH AB In this paper, we present a method to separate the recrystallization texture components from the deformation matrix in some partially recrystallized samples using a monochromatic high-energy x-ray diffraction. The validity of this method is demonstrated with partially recrystallized interstitial-free steel. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134; Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200017 ER PT S AU Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Richardson, JW AF Wang, YD Wang, XL Stoica, AD Richardson, JW BE Lee, DN TI Measurement of grain-orientation-dependent stress and stored energy using a spallation neutron source SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE deformation; neutron diffraction; stress; texture AB Time-of-flight neutron diffractometers at spallation neutron source, which measure a large number of reflections simultaneously, are ideally suited for mapping the generalized pole figures. In this paper, we describe a method of measuring the strain pole figures using a spallation neutron source for constructing the grain-orientation-dependent stress. A new method to construct the grain-orientation-dependent stored energy from the peak broadening pole figures is also proposed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, 701 Scarboro Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200021 ER PT S AU Tome, CN Agnew, SR Blumenthal, WR Bourke, MAM Brown, DW Kaschner, GC Rangaswamy, P AF Tome, CN Agnew, SR Blumenthal, WR Bourke, MAM Brown, DW Kaschner, GC Rangaswamy, P BE Lee, DN TI The relation between texture, twinning and mechanical properties in hexagonal aggregates SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE anisotropy; neutron diffraction; polycrystal model; twinning ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ZIRCONIUM; DEFORMATION; SIMULATION; ALLOYS AB Low symmetry materials such as hexagonal metals and alloys, deform by twinning as well as by slip, with twinning making a substantial contribution to deformation, hardening and texture evolution. In this work, we present an experimental and theoretical study of hexagonal Zr, Be and Mg aggregates with an initial texture, deforming in compression. The evolution of texture and twinned volume fraction were measured using neutron diffraction. Complementarily, a polycrystal plasticity code was used to interpret texture and hardening evolution in terms of interaction between slip and twin modes. This study correlates twinning, texture, anisotropy and hardening. It represents a systematic approach for understanding the plastic response of hexagonal materials and for developing a microstructure-based constitutive description. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wagner, Martin/A-6880-2008; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200035 ER PT S AU Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN Maudlin, PJ AF Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN Maudlin, PJ BE Lee, DN TI Modeling texture and void evolution in polycrystals SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE anisotropy; crystallographic and morphologic textures; dilatational plasticity; polycrystal; porosity; viscoplastic self-consistent model; voids ID COMPOSITES AB In this work we consider the presence of voids of anisotropic shape inside polycrystals submitted to large strain deformation. For this purpose, the originally incompressible viscoplastic selfconsistent (VPSC) formulation has been extended to deal with compressible polycrystals. In doing this, both the deviatoric and the spherical components of strain-rate and stress are accounted for. As a consequence, the extended model provides a relationship between the void growth rate and the hydrostatic pressure allowing porosity evolution. The formulation is validated by comparison with the classical Gurson model formulated for rate-independent isotropic media and spherical voids. This compressible VPSC (CVPSC) model is used to study the coupling between texture, void shape, crystal symmetry and the effect of triaxiality on void growth. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Nacl Rosario, RA-2000 Rosario, Argentina. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200045 ER PT S AU Wright, SI Bingert, J Mason, TA Larsen, RJ AF Wright, SI Bingert, J Mason, TA Larsen, RJ BE Lee, DN TI Advanced characterization of twins using automated electron backscatter diffraction SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE deformation twinning; electron backscatter diffraction EBSD; Orientation Imaging Microscopy OIM ID BOUNDARY AB This paper describes results obtained using an automated, crystal lographically-based technique for twin identification. The technique is based on the automated collection of spatially specific orientation measurements by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The key features of the analysis are identification of potential twin boundaries by their misorientation character, identification of the distinct boundary planes among the symmetrically equivalent candidates, and validation of these boundaries through comparison with the boundary and twin plane traces in the sample cross section. Results on the application of this technique to deformation twins in zirconium are analyzed for the effect of twin type and amount and sense of uniaxial deformation. The accumulation of strain tends to increase the misorientation deviation at least to the degree of the trace deviation compared with recrystallization twins in nickel. In addition to the results on characterizing the twin character, results on extending the twin analysis to automated identification of parent and daughter material for structures exhibiting twin deformation are reported as well. C1 EDX TSL, Draper, UT 84020 USA. USN, Res Lab, Multifunct Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Wright, SI (reprint author), EDX TSL, 392 E 12300 S, Draper, UT 84020 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200076 ER PT S AU House, JW Bingert, JF De Angelis, RJ O'Brien, JM AF House, JW Bingert, JF De Angelis, RJ O'Brien, JM BE Lee, DN TI Thermo-mechanical processing of forged tantalum analyzed by OIM and x-ray diffraction SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE forging; orientation imaging microscopy OIM; recrystallization; tantalum; x-ray diffraction ID TEXTURE AB To control the mechanical response of pure tantalum requires tailoring the microstructure by carefully controlling thermo-mechanical processing. In this investigation the role of introducing an intermediate anneal prior to upset forging of a plate on microstructural evolution was investigated. Structural observations were made on surfaces of the plate located at the mid-plane and through-thickness. Plate material produced from the annealed billet material was more homogeneous in grain structure and recrystallized with a higher ratio of {100}/{111} grain orientations. The limitations in mechanical properties that may be avoided by enhancing the textural and microstructural homogeneity through the introduction of an intermediate anneal are discussed. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, GERC, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. OBrien & Associates, Blissfield, MI 49228 USA. RP House, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200083 ER PT S AU Vogel, SC Beyerlein, IJ Bourke, MAM Tome, CN Rangaswamy, P Xu, C Langdon, TG AF Vogel, SC Beyerlein, IJ Bourke, MAM Tome, CN Rangaswamy, P Xu, C Langdon, TG BE Lee, DN TI Texture in equal-channel angular pressed aluminum and nickel SO TEXTURES OF MATERIALS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Textures of Materials CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Korea Inst Met & Mat, Seoul Natl Univ, BK21 Div Mat Educ & Res, Seoul Natl Univ, Texture Control Lab, Korea Sci & Engn Fdn, POSCO, Dongbu Steel Co Ltd DE aluminum; ECAP; equal-channel angular pressing; FCC; grain-grain interactions; micron-scale modeling; neutron diffraction; nickel; quantitative texture analysis; Eietveld; spherical harmonics; strain path changes; visco-plasticity ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SERIES-EXPANSION METHOD; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; GRAINED MATERIALS; EVOLUTION AB dNano-structured metals with advantageous mechanical properties can be produced using severe plastic deformation techniques such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Metals and alloys processed by ECAP have much higher yield strengths than the equivalent unprocessed material while retaining high ductilities, an extremely attractive combination of properties. Implicit in the process are the introduction of repetitive shear strains of 100% which introduce texture, the modeling of which is challenging. In this work, we present results from a neutron diffraction study on aluminum and nickel samples processed by ECAP. The results are compared to predictions from a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model. By taking into account grain-grain interactions in the model the agreement between the predicted and measured orientation distributions is improved. The results show also that the initial texture affects the texture evolution, at least up to strains of the order of similar to1, i.e. one ECAP pass. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Vogel, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Xu, Cheng/D-5112-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-903-2 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2002 VL 408-4 BP 673 EP 678 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BV22J UT WOS:000178202200103 ER PT J AU Fletcher, GD Gordon, MS Bell, RS AF Fletcher, GD Gordon, MS Bell, RS TI Gradient of the ZAPT2 energy SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE analytical derivative; Moller-Plesset; perturbation theory; high-spin state ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; RESTRICTED HARTREE-FOCK; OPEN-SHELL SYSTEMS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SPIN ORBITALS; DERIVATIVES; CONVERGENCE; MOLECULES; SERIES AB An explicit expression for the analytical first derivative of the Z-averaged perturbation theory taken to second order energy, due to Lee and Jayatilaka, is presented for application to high-spin systems described by a restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock wavefunction. The use of frozen core orbitals is incorporated into the derivation. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Fletcher, GD (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, ELORET Corp, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 107 IS 2 BP 57 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s00214-001-0304-z PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 528FA UT WOS:000174232700001 ER PT J AU Chipman, DM Dupuis, M AF Chipman, DM Dupuis, M TI Implementation of solvent reaction fields for electronic structure SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE solvent effects; reaction field; boundary element methods; surface charge distributions; surface dipole distributions ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION FORMALISM; CONTINUUM SOLVATION MODELS; ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; VOLUME POLARIZATION; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; OUTLYING CHARGE; IONIC-SOLUTIONS; DENSITY; CAVITY AB Methods are described to incorporate solvent reaction field effects into solute electronic structure calculations. Included are several old and new approaches based on approximate solutions of Poisson's equation through boundary element methods, wherein the solutions are represented in terms of certain apparent surface charge or apparent surface dipole distributions. Practical algorithms to set up and solve the requisite equations are described and implemented in a new general reaction field computer program. Illustrative computational results are presented to show the performance of the program. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chipman, DM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Chipman, Daniel/C-7704-2015 OI Chipman, Daniel/0000-0002-9992-6684 NR 40 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 107 IS 2 BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s00214-001-0303-0 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 528FA UT WOS:000174232700004 ER PT B AU Rightley, MJ Tigges, CP Givler, RC Robino, CV Mulhall, JJ Smith, PM AF Rightley, MJ Tigges, CP Givler, RC Robino, CV Mulhall, JJ Smith, PM BE Joshi, YK Garimella, SV TI Innovative wick design for multi-source, flat plate heat pipes SO THERMAL CHALLENGES IN NEXT GENERATION ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT THERMES 2002 International Conference CY JAN 13-16, 2002 CL SANTA FE, NM DE heat pipe; micro-heat pipe; IC cooling technology; dryout; porous media; high.heat flux devices AB We present a novel micro-heat pipe wick design and fabrication technique to significantly boost the effective thermal conductivity of the heat pipe relative to the monolithic substrate material. Extensive porous flow modeling of the process has provided critical information on the key parameters and the resulting anisotropic. wick designs have shown robust performance improvements. A methanol charged copper device reported in this paper showed a maximum thermal conductivity of 3240 W/m-K prior to dry out. This represents a better than 8-fold increase over the conductivity of solid copper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rightley, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLPRESS SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 84118, 3009 CC ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-77017-03-8 PY 2002 BP 269 EP 279 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BW42M UT WOS:000181956000032 ER PT B AU Miles, PC AF Miles, PC BE Whitelaw, JH Payri, F Desantes, JM TI Combustion of an ethanol/diesel fuel blend in an HSDI diesel engine SO THERMO- AND FLUID-DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN DIESEL ENGINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermofluidynamic Processes in Diesel Engines (THIESEL 2000) CY SEP 13-15, 2000 CL UNIV POLITECN VALENCIA, VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Inst Transport & Mat Movil, CMT Motores Termicos, ASEPA, Minist Educ & Cultura HO UNIV POLITECN VALENCIA AB The combustion of a blend of 15% ethanol with No. 2 diesel fuel (132) is investigated in a high-speed, direct-injection, optically-accessible diesel engine equipped with a high-pressure common rail fuel injection system. Cylinder pressure data are obtained and analyzed for statistics of gross indicated mean effective pressure, ignition delay, and heat release rates. Images of natural combustion luminosity are also obtained, and used to obtain information on the spatial locations of autoignition, in addition to the locations of soot formation, high concentration, and late-cycle oxidation. The data are compared with similar data obtained with the engine operating on a neat D2 control fuel. The pressure based data showed an increased ignition delay and a decreased 10-90% combustion duration for the blended fuel, results which are consistent with the literature for a wide variety of direct-injection diesel engines. The decreased combustion duration is indicative of enhanced mixing, likely induced by the rapid gas expansion of the larger premixed burn. Images of combustion luminosity indicated that autoignition locations are not affected by the increased ignition delay of the blended fuel. Additionally, luminous soot was confined to deep within the bowl, and was nearly absent from the squish volume, when the ethanol/D2 blend was used. It is postulated that the differences in the spatial distribution of luminous soot are due to the relative timing of the injection event and the premixed phase of combustion and to the increased spray liquid length of the ethanol/D2 blend. Late-cycle soot oxidation occurs in the open cylinder above the piston, and appears more rapid and complete when the ethanol blend is used. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miles, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42665-5 PY 2002 BP 107 EP 129 PG 23 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU19S UT WOS:000175296300006 ER PT B AU Siebers, DL Higgins, BS AF Siebers, DL Higgins, BS BE Whitelaw, JH Payri, F Desantes, JM TI Effects of injector conditions on the flame lift-off length of DI diesel sprays SO THERMO- AND FLUID-DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN DIESEL ENGINES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thermofluidynamic Processes in Diesel Engines (THIESEL 2000) CY SEP 13-15, 2000 CL UNIV POLITECN VALENCIA, VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Inst Transport & Mat Movil, CMT Motores Termicos, ASEPA, Minist Educ & Cultura HO UNIV POLITECN VALENCIA AB The effects of injection pressure and orifice diameter on the lift-off length of a direct-injection (DI) diesel spray (defined as the farthest upstream location of high temperature combustion) were investigated using a natural light emission imaging technique. The lift-off length experiments were conducted in a constant-volume combustion vessel under quiescent, heavy-duty DI diesel engine conditions using a Phillips research grade #2 diesel fuel. The results show that natural light emission at 310 nm provides an excellent marker of the lift-off length. At this location, natural light emission at 310 nm is dominated by OH chemiluminescence generated by high-temperature combustion chemistry. Lift-off lengths determined from images of natural light emission at 310 nm show that as either injection pressure (i.e., injection velocity) or orifice diameter increase, the lift-off length increases. The observed lift-off length increase was linearly dependent on injection velocity, the same dependency as previously noted for gas jets. The lift-off length increase with increasing orifice diameter, however, is different than the independence of lift-off length on orifice diameter noted for gas jets. An important overall observation was made by considering the lift-off length data in conjunction with data from recent investigations of liquid-phase fuel penetration and spray development. The combined data suggest that a systematic evolution of the relationship and interaction between various processes in a DI diesel spray has been occurring over time, as injection pressures have been increased and orifice diameters reduced as part of efforts to meet emissions regulations. The trends observed may eventually help explain effects of parameters such as injection pressure and orifice diameter on emissions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Siebers, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42665-5 PY 2002 BP 253 EP 277 PG 25 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU19S UT WOS:000175296300014 ER PT S AU Villa-Aleman, E AF Villa-Aleman, E BE Maldague, XP Rozlosnik, AE TI Performance analysis of conical cavities for surface temperature retrieval with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer SO THERMOSENSE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXIV Conference CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MTI satellite; temperature measurements; FTIR AB The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) is conducting measurements in the visible, near-infrared and infrared spectral regions of selected ground targets in support to the Department of Energy Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite. Radiometers have been used to retrieve surface temperature from water and land targets. Surface temperature measurements of land targets are often complicated by the wavelength dependent emissivity. Conical cavities have been employed on land targets to increase the surface effective emissivity and therefore the apparent surface temperature. Surface effective emissivity values near unity offer the opportunity for absolute surface temperature retrieval. The efficacy of conical cavities for absolute surface temperature retrievals was studied with a calibrated Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The research paper presents the results of surface temperature retrievals of targets with low emissivity values with the aid of conical cavities. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Villa-Aleman, E (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4460-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4710 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.459573 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU77V UT WOS:000176994600003 ER PT S AU Wang, H AF Wang, H BE Maldague, XP Rozlosnik, AE TI Application of IR imaging during temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) measurements SO THERMOSENSE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXIV Conference CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared imaging; calorimetry; TMDSC; indium; polyester AB In a temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) system, temperatures are measured by thermocouples under the sample and reference furnaces. TMDSC helps the researcher to establish a more realistic model to calculate heat capacity of various materials. This study examined the assumptions about temperature gradients in TMDSC characterization. An infrared camera was used to obtain surface temperature maps of DSC cells during temperature sweeps. TMDSC units from Perkin-Elmer and TA Instruments were studied using different heating and cooling rates. Temperature gradients exist between the top and bottom of the sample. IR images showed that temperature distributions within the sample and reference cells exist. Phase lags between the top and bottom temperatures were also observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4515 MS-6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4460-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4710 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.459610 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU77V UT WOS:000176994600006 ER PT S AU Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Maleki, H Oglesbee, J Thongsouk, C AF Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB Maleki, H Oglesbee, J Thongsouk, C BE Maldague, XP Rozlosnik, AE TI IR imaging of integrated circuit power transistors during operation SO THERMOSENSE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXIV Conference CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared imaging; IR microscope; transistor; triggering; synchronization and integrated circuit AB An infrared microscope was used to study the surface temperature profiles of power transistor arrays in integrated circuits (IC) during operation. Each transistor array was set to conduct current for 20-50 microseconds. The integration time of the IR camera is adjusted to be between 2 and 10 microseconds. A thorough study of the camera's timing characteristics allows its precise synchronization to transient thermal events in the transistor arrays. Progressively adding incremental delay times to the synchronization pulses allows the complete characterization of the thermal transients as a function of time and location. The IR microscope timing characteristics were determined by imaging an incandescent lamp filament during pulsed operation. Examples of heat pulses in a lamp filament and power transistors are given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4515 MS-6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4460-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4710 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.459555 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU77V UT WOS:000176994600010 ER PT S AU Poulsen, P Hare, DE AF Poulsen, P Hare, DE BE Maldague, XP Rozlosnik, AE TI Temperature and wavelength dependent emissivity of a shocked surface: A first experiment SO THERMOSENSE XXIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Thermosense XXIV Conference CY APR 01-04, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE radiative thermometry; emissivity measurement AB We have conducted an experiment in which the temperature and the wavelength dependent emissivity of a shocked surface has been measured. In the past, only the thermal emission from the shocked surface has been measured. The lack of knowledge of the emissivity as a function of wavelength leads to uncertainty in converting the measured emission spectrum into a surface temperature. We have developed a technique by which we are able to calculate both the emissivity of the shocked surface over a range of relevant wavelengths and the temperature of the surface. We use a multi-channel spectrometer in combination with a pulsed light source having a known spectrum of infrared radiation. Two separate techniques using a pulse of reflected radiation are employed and described. Both give the same result: An initially polished molybdenum surface that is shocked and partially released has a temperature of 1040 degrees Kelvin and a wavelength (lambda) dependent emissivity of 0.16 (lambda = 1.2mum), 0.10 (lambda = 1.6 mum), and 0.20 (lambda = 2.3 mum). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poulsen, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4460-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4710 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.459631 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BU77V UT WOS:000176994600011 ER PT B AU Li, LS Li, ADQ AF Li, LS Li, ADQ BE Soriaga, MP Stickney, J Bottomley, LA Kim, YG TI Structure and electronic properties of self-assembled macrocycle and polymer multilayers SO THIN FILMS: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Preparation, Characterization, Applications CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID BENZOIC-ACID DERIVATIVES; KELVIN PROBE TECHNIQUE; THIN-FILMS; WORK FUNCTION; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE; GAAS; CHEMISORPTION; ADSORPTION C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, LS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47335-6 PY 2002 BP 231 EP 243 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV81U UT WOS:000180119800016 ER PT B AU Hagaman, EW Buchanan, AC Koran, LJ AF Hagaman, EW Buchanan, AC Koran, LJ BE Soriaga, MP Stickney, J Bottomley, LA Kim, YG TI Chemically-attached organic monolayers on silica nanoparticles as an NMR relaxation medium for embedded polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons SO THIN FILMS: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Preparation, Characterization, Applications CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID SHIFT; SOLIDS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hagaman, EW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47335-6 PY 2002 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV81U UT WOS:000180119800017 ER PT B AU Alam, TM Friedmann, TA Jurewicz, AJG AF Alam, TM Friedmann, TA Jurewicz, AJG BE Soriaga, MP Stickney, J Bottomley, LA Kim, YG TI Solid state C-13 MAS NMR investigations of amorphous carbon thin films - Structural changes during annealing SO THIN FILMS: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Preparation, Characterization, Applications CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGENATED CARBON; DIAMOND; STRESS; COORDINATION; FORMS; SHIFT; ATOMS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47335-6 PY 2002 BP 277 EP 289 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BV81U UT WOS:000180119800020 ER PT S AU Radetic, T Dahmen, U AF Radetic, T Dahmen, U BE Ozkan, CS Freund, LB Cammarata, BC Gao, H TI Relaxation of grain boundaries in Au{110} mazed bicrystal thin films observed by HREM SO THIN FILMS: STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties IX held at the 2001 Fall MRS Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DISSOCIATION; COPPER; METALS AB Thin films of gold can be grown on {001} Ge single crystal substrates in two equivalent {110} orientation variants, related to each other by a 90degrees rotation about the surface normal. The morphology of the films is that of a mazed bicrystal, a polycrystalline film with many randomly distributed columnar grains in only two orientations. All grain boundaries are of the type Sigma99 and display pure tilt character. In this work, we report on observations of the structural relaxation of these grain boundaries, with special emphasis on their characteristic behavior at the intersection with free surfaces and their evolution during thermal annealing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Radetic, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-631-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 695 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86V UT WOS:000177250600008 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Adams, DP Cordill, MJ Yang, N Bahr, DF AF Moody, NR Adams, DP Cordill, MJ Yang, N Bahr, DF BE Ozkan, CS Freund, LB Cammarata, BC Gao, H TI The effects of copper on the interfacial failure of gold films SO THIN FILMS: STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties IX held at the 2001 Fall MRS Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID THIN-FILMS; ADHESION; DELAMINATION; MECHANICS; FRACTURE; ENERGY; METALLIZATION; INDENTATION AB Nanoindentation test techniques were combined with deposition of highly stressed overlayers to study the interfacial fracture susceptibility of gold-on-copper and gold-2w/o-copper alloy films. The gold-on-copper film blistered readily following deposition of stressed tungsten overlayers. Additional stress from nanoindentation was required to trigger delamination and blister formation in the gold-copper alloy film. Fracture energies were then determined using mechanics-based models. The results show that the gold-copper alloy exhibited higher fracture energies than the gold-on-copper films. This increase scaled with film strength suggesting that the higher measured fracture energies in the gold-copper alloy film were due to solid solution hardening. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Cordill, Megan/0000-0003-1142-8312 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-631-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 695 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86V UT WOS:000177250600051 ER PT S AU Swadener, JG George, EP Pharr, GM AF Swadener, JG George, EP Pharr, GM BE Ozkan, CS Freund, LB Cammarata, BC Gao, H TI The correlation of indentation size effect experiments with pyramidal and spherical indenters SO THIN FILMS: STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties IX held at the 2001 Fall MRS Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HARDNESS; COPPER; LOAD AB Experiments were conducted in annealed iridium using pyramidal and spherical indenters over a wide range of load. For a Berkovich pyramidal indenter, the hardness increased with decreasing depth of penetration. However, for spherical indenters, hardness increased with decreasing sphere radius. Based on the number of geometrically necessary dislocations generated during indentation, a theory that takes into account the work hardening differences between pyramidal and spherical indenters is developed to correlate the indentation size effects measured with the two indenters. The experimental results verify the theoretical correlation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swadener, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI zhang, mingjie/C-1507-2012 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-631-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 695 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86V UT WOS:000177250600070 ER PT S AU Misra, A Kung, H Hoagland, RG AF Misra, A Kung, H Hoagland, RG BE Ozkan, CS Freund, LB Cammarata, BC Gao, H TI Thermal stability of self-supported metallic multilayered thin films SO THIN FILMS: STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties IX held at the 2001 Fall MRS Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID COMPOSITES; LAMELLAR AB The morphological stability and strength retention following elevated temperature exposure or thermal cycling will be crucial in exploiting the extremely high strengths of nanolayered materials in advanced engineering applications. The effects of elevated temperature (less than or equal to 800 degreesC) vacuum annealing on the morphological stability and mechanical properties of sputter deposited Cu-Nb multilayers with 75 nm bilayer period are reported here. Even after 800 degreesC/1 hour anneal, the continuity of the layered structure is maintained and the bilayer periods are unchanged. The in-plane grain sizes in both Cu and Nb coarsened but were anchored at grooved boundaries preventing further growth. For a constant bilayer period, the effect of increasing the in-plane grain size on the multilayer hardness is found to be insignificant. After annealing, the layers are observed to be offset by shear along a vertical plane at the triple point junctions that have equilibrium groove angles aligned in a zig-zag pattern. A new mechanism is proposed for the evolution of this "anchored" structure that is resistant to further morphological instability. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Misra, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-631-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 695 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86V UT WOS:000177250600076 ER PT S AU Rudd, RE AF Rudd, RE BE Ozkan, CS Freund, LB Cammarata, BC Gao, H TI Coarse-grained molecular dynamics: Dissipation due to internal modes SO THIN FILMS: STRESSES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IX SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Thin Films - Stresses and Mechanical Properties IX held at the 2001 Fall MRS Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID LENGTH SCALES; SIMULATIONS AB We describe progress oil the. issue of pathological elastic wave reflection in atomistic and multiscale simulation. First we briefly review Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD). Originally CGMD was formulated as a Hamiltonian system in which energy is conserved. This formulation is useful for many applications. but recently CGMD has been extended to include generalized Langevin forces. Here we describe how Langevin dynamics arise naturally in CGMD, and we examine the implication for elastic wave scattering. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rudd, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-631-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 695 BP 499 EP 504 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BU86V UT WOS:000177250600077 ER PT B AU Schwartz, M Elliott, D AF Schwartz, M Elliott, D GP AMS AMS TI Remapping of the wind energy resource in the Midwestern United States SO THIRD SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS: FACILITATING THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Environmental Applications CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schwartz, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 64 EP 69 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV55D UT WOS:000179335500014 ER PT S AU Sudar, D Parvin, B Callahan, DE Schwarz, RI Knowles, DW de Solorzano, CO Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Sudar, D Parvin, B Callahan, DE Schwarz, RI Knowles, DW de Solorzano, CO Barcellos-Hoff, MH BE Conchello, JA Cogswell, CJ Wilson, T TI Microscopy environment for quantitative spatial and temporal analysis of multicellular interactions SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY: IMAGE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 3-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing IX CY JAN 22-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE live-cell microscopy; 3-dimensional imaging; real-time feedback; image analysis; image bioinformatics ID CADHERIN AB Quantitative analysis of spatial and temporal concurrent responses of multiple markers in 3-dimensional cell cultures is hampered by the routine mode of sequential image acquisition, measurement and analysis of specific targets. A system was developed for detailed analysis of multi-dimensional, time-sequence responses and in order to relate features in novel and meaningful ways that will further our understanding of basic biology. Optical sectioning of the 3-dimensional structures is achieved with structured light illumination using the Wilson grating as described by Lanni. The automated microscopy system can image multicellular structures and track dynamic events, and is equipped for simultaneous/ sequential imaging of multiple fluorescent markers. Computer-controlled perfusion of external stimuli into the culture system allows (i) real-time observations of multiple cellular responses and (ii) automatic and intelligent adjustment of experimental parameters. This creates a feedback loop in real-time that directs desired responses in a given experiment. On-line image analysis routines provide cell-by-cell measurement results through segmentation and feature extraction (i.e. intensity, localization, etc.), and quantitation of meta-features such as dynamic responses of cells or correlations between different cells. Off-line image and data analysis is used to derive models of the processes involved, which will deepen the understanding of the basic biology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sudar, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4360-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4621 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.467830 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics GA BU69X UT WOS:000176733300007 ER PT S AU Knowles, DW Keranen, S Biggin, MD Sudar, D AF Knowles, DW Keranen, S Biggin, MD Sudar, D BE Conchello, JA Cogswell, CJ Wilson, T TI Mapping organism expression levels at cellular resolution in developing Drosophila SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL MICROSCOPY: IMAGE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 3-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing IX CY JAN 22-23, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE confocal imaging; image segmentation; image registration; quantitative fluorescence analysis; regulatory gene networks; Drosophila AB The development of an animal embryo is orchestrated by a network of genetically determined, temporal and spatial gene expression patterns that determine the animals final form. To understand such networks, we are developing novel quantitative optical imaging techniques to map gene expression levels at cellular and sub-cellular resolution within pregastrula Drosophila. Embryos at different stages of development are labeled for total DNA and specific gene products using different fluorophors and imaged in 3D with confocal microscopy. Innovative steps have been made which allow the DNA-image to be automatically segmented to produce a morphological mask of the individual nuclear boundaries. For each stage of development an "average" morphology is chosen to which images from different embryo are compared. The morphological mask is then used to quantify gene-product on a per nuclei basis. What results is an atlas of the relative amount of the specific gene product expressed within the nucleus of every cell in the embryo at the various stages of development. We are creating a quantitative database of transcription factor and target gene expression patterns in wild-type and factor mutant embryos with single cell resolution. Our goal is to uncover the rules determining how patterns of gene expression are generated. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Knowles, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Sudar, Damir/0000-0002-2510-7272 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4360-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4621 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.467832 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics GA BU69X UT WOS:000176733300009 ER PT B AU Newman, GA Hoversten, GM Alumbaugh, DL AF Newman, GA Hoversten, GM Alumbaugh, DL BE Zhdanov, MS Wannamaker, PE TI Three-dimensional magnetotelluric modeling and inversion: Application to sub-salt imaging SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS, PROCEEDINGS SE METHODS IN GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on 3-Dimensional Electromagnetics CY 1999 CL UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT HO UNIV UTAH ID NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; MARINE MAGNETOTELLURICS; PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION; SYSTEM AB Three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) forward and inverse solutions are reviewed and applied in a resolution study for sub-salt imaging of an important target in marine magnetotellurics for oil prospecting. In the forward problem, finite-difference methods are used to efficiently compute predicted data and cost functional gradients. A fast preconditioner is introduced at low induction numbers to reduce the time required to solve the forward problem. We demonstrate a reduction of up to two orders of magnitude in the number of Krylov sub-space iterations and an order of magnitude reduction in time needed to solve a series of test problems. For the inverse problem, we employ a nonlinear conjugate gradient solution developed on massively parallel computing platforms. Solution stabilization is achieved with Tikhonov regularization. To further improve the image resolution of sub-salt structures, we have also incorporated two additional constraints within the inversion process. The first constraint allows for the preservation of known structural boundaries within the inverted depth sections. This type of constraint is justified for the sub-salt imaging problem because the top of salt is constrained by seismic data. The other constraint employed places variable lower bounds on the electrical conductivity above and below the top of salt. Cross-sections of the inversion results over the center of the salt structures indicate that the 3D analysis provides somewhat more accurate images compared to faster 2D analysis, but is computationally much more demanding. On the flanks of the structures, however, 3D analysis is necessary as 2D inversion shows image artifacts arising from the 3D nature of the data. We conclude, however, that 3D inversion may not be cost effective for the sub-salt imaging problem. Very fine data sampling along multiple profiles employed in the 3D analysis yielded only a marginal improvement in image resolution compared to 2D analysis along carefully selected data profiles. The study also indicates that in order to provide resolution that is required to accurately define the base of the salt, additional constraints beyond that employed here, need to be incorporated into the 3D inversion process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50429-X J9 METH GEOCH PY 2002 VL 35 BP 127 EP 152 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Physics GA BV01R UT WOS:000177604300008 ER PT B AU Xie, GQ Li, JH Lin, CC AF Xie, GQ Li, JH Lin, CC BE Zhdanov, MS Wannamaker, PE TI SGILD EM modeling and inversion in geophysics and nano-physics using magnetic field equations SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS, PROCEEDINGS SE METHODS IN GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on 3-Dimensional Electromagnetics CY 1999 CL UNIV UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UT HO UNIV UTAH ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INVERSION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS AB In this paper, we prove the equivalence between the integral equation and Galerkin integro-differential equation solutions for the magnetic field; that the collocation finite element method (FEM) for the integral equation and Garlekin FEM for the differential equation is equivalent, which means the Global Integral and Local Differential algorithm (GILD) is consistent. Based on these properties of the GILD algorithm and the probability moment perturbation theory, we develop a new stochastic GILD electromagnetic (EM) modeling and inversion algorithm (SGILD). SGILD methods, which incorporate statistical properties of measured fields, are useful for interpreting geophysical measurements contaminated by random noise. Tests on synthetic and field data show that the SGILD and GILD algorithms can reliably generate 3-D images of electrical properties. Our SGILD algorithm is useful for geophysics, biochemics, nanometer-material, and nanometer physics, etc., sciences and engineering. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, GQ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50429-X J9 METH GEOCH PY 2002 VL 35 BP 193 EP 213 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology; Physics GA BV01R UT WOS:000177604300011 ER PT J AU Deshpande, A Williams, TM Wheeler, CM White, PS Valdez, YE Nolan, JP AF Deshpande, A Williams, TM Wheeler, CM White, PS Valdez, YE Nolan, JP TI Genetic variation and cervical cancer: An association study using SNP-GAMMA arrays SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PY 2002 VL 59 SU 2 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 564JM UT WOS:000176311300357 ER PT J AU Tsirlin, T Zhu, J Grunes, J Somorjai, GA AF Tsirlin, T Zhu, J Grunes, J Somorjai, GA TI AFM and TEM studies of Pt nanoparticle arrays supported on alumina model catalyst prepared by electron beam lithography SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nanomaterials - Synthesis, Characterization and Catalysis CY 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII DE electron beam lithography; Pt supported on Al2O3; supported model catalyst; AFM ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ADHESION ENERGY; CLUSTERS; RESOLUTION; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; SURFACE; SILICA AB Pt nanoparticle arrays were fabricated by electron beam lithography as a model for supported catalysts. The adhesion strength of 28 nm Pt nanoparticles deposited on alumina has been studied using contact mode atomic force microscopy. On as-prepared samples. the metal nanoparticles were removed by the AFM tip with a force of approximately 30 nN. After heat treatment at 500degreesC in a vacuum, Pt nanoparticles could not be removed by the AFM tip, even at 4000 nN, The increase of adhesion upon heat treatment indicates stronger bonding between Pt and the support, TEM examination showed that the Pt nanoparticles were polycrystalline before any treatment, with the crystalline domain increasing significantly after heat treatment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 165 EP 170 AR UNSP 1022-5528/02/0400-0165/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015208022158 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 558EV UT WOS:000175954100005 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA McCrea, KR Zhu, J AF Somorjai, GA McCrea, KR Zhu, J TI Active sites in heterogeneous catalysis: development of molecular concepts and future challenges SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE concepts in catalysis; active sites ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; PLATINUM CRYSTAL-SURFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; ENSEMBLE SIZE-REDUCTION; LEED STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROCARBON REACTIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB The concept that catalytic turnover occurs at a small fraction of the surface sites dates back to the 1920s. The application of modern surface science techniques and model catalysts confirmed the presence of active sites and identified their structures in some cases, Low coordination defect sites on transition metals, steps and kinks, or open "rough" crystal faces that make high coordination metal sites available have been uniquely active for breaking H-H, C-H, C-C, C=O, O=O and Nequivalent toN bonds. Oxide-metal inter-faces provide highly active sites for reactions of C-H and C=O bonds. Electron acceptor and proton donor sites are implicated in hydrocarbon conversion (acid-base catalysis), and sites where metal ion-carbon bonds can form are active for polymerization. The observations of dynamic restructuring of catalytic surfaces upon adsorption of reactants indicate that many catalytic sites are created during the chemical reaction. Similar restructuring is detected for enzyme catalysts. The high mobility of both surface metal atoms and adsorbed molecules during the catalytic process observed recently bring into focus the dynamic nature of active sites that may have a finite lifetime as they form and disassemble. The development of techniques that provide improved time resolution and spatial resolution, and can be employed under catalytic reaction conditions will provide information about the time dependent changes of active site structure and molecular intermediates at these active sites as the reaction products form. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 106 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1023/A:1013874202404 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 551PP UT WOS:000175570300004 ER PT J AU Asthagiri, A Feibelman, PJ Sholl, DS AF Asthagiri, A Feibelman, PJ Sholl, DS TI Thermal fluctuations in the structure of naturally chiral Pt surfaces SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE chiral; stepped surfaces; step fluctuations; density functional theory ID PLATINUM SURFACES; STEP FLUCTUATIONS; METAL-SURFACES; SELF-DIFFUSION; PT(111); ADSORPTION; HYDROCARBONS; DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS AB The intrinsic chirality of metal surfaces with kinked steps (e.g., Pt(643)) endows them with enantiospecific adsorption properties. To understand these properties quantitatively the impact of thermally-driven step wandering must be assessed. We derive a lattice-gas model of step motion on Pt(111) surfaces using diffusion barriers from density functional theory. This model is used to examine thermal fluctuations of straight and kinked steps. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1023/A:1013882404221 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 551PP UT WOS:000175570300008 ER PT J AU Miller, DS Rodrigue, G Graziani, F AF Miller, DS Rodrigue, G Graziani, F TI A convergence analysis of source iteration for the solution of coupled transport equations on a stochastic media SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIXTURES AB An analysis of the stability and convergence properties of the Source Iteration method is applied to a general class of coupled transport equations. This class of equations is motivated by formulations of the problem of radiation transport through random media as proposed by Pomraning, Su, and others. It is shown that, for slab geometries, these methods are unconditionally stable for real physical parameters. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Miller, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-95, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0041-1450 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 65 EP 83 DI 10.1081/TT-120003011 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 544RW UT WOS:000175175200003 ER PT J AU Garcia, AL Wagner, W AF Garcia, AL Wagner, W TI Some new properties of the kinetic equation for the consistent Boltzmann algorithm SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Asymptotic and Numerical Methods for Kinetic Equations CY APR 15-21, 2001 CL OBERWOLFACH, GERMANY DE kinetic theory; direct simulation Monte Carlo; consistent Boltzmann algorithm; dense gases; H-theorem ID ENSKOG EQUATION AB We study properties of the consistent Boltzmann algorithm for dense gases, using its limiting kinetic equation. First, we derive an H-theorem for this equation. Then, following the classical derivation by Chapman and Cowling, we find approximations to the equations of continuity, momentum, and energy. The first order correction terms with respect to the particle diameter turn out to be the same as for the, Enskog equation. These results confirm previous derivations, based on the virial, of the corresponding equation of state. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Weierstr Inst Appl Anal & Stochast, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wagner@wias-berlin.de NR 15 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4-6 BP 579 EP 594 DI 10.1081/TT-120015515 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 611BC UT WOS:000178995700014 ER PT S AU Hu, PS Goeltz, RT Schmoyer, RL AF Hu, PS Goeltz, RT Schmoyer, RL GP TRB TRB TI Costs and benefits of using intelligent transportation systems as an alternative data source - Case study SO TRANSPORTATION DATA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are an alternative data source that could lead to win-win situations: this source will not only benefit the transportation operations and planning communities by allowing them to access more and better data, but it will also enhance the appeal of ITS deployment by significantly broadening its originally intended benefits. Use of ITS-generated data as an alternative data resource is reflected in the archived data user services (ADUS) in the national ITS architecture. Usually, an agency will evaluate the costs and the benefits of ADUS before it decides whether to deploy ADUS. The costs and benefits of ADUS are examined on the basis of results from a case study in which ITS-generated traffic data were analyzed to determine whether they can help meet such traffic data needs as estimating the total travel volume and the total vehicle miles traveled. The cost is measured in terms of the effort needed to archive and reformat the data, revamp the software, and address data quality and data integration issues. The benefits are measured in terms of the value added by the ITS-generated data. Although the costs are high to use ITS-generated data for purposes other than the originally intended use, the research has proved that ITS-generated data can improve transportation decisions by, in this case, improving traffic estimates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hu, PS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, POB 2008,MS 6073,Bldg 3156, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07730-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1804 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Transportation GA BV98K UT WOS:000180589200012 ER PT S AU Qureshi, MA Hwang, HL Chin, SM AF Qureshi, MA Hwang, HL Chin, SM GP TRB TRB TI Comparison of distance estimates for commodity flow survey - Great circle distances versus network-based distances SO TRANSPORTATION DATA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB A study was conducted to compare distance estimates derived from great circle distances (GCD) with distance estimates derived from a network-based model. The study used a sample of shipments from the 1993 commodity flow survey (CFS). For each shipment in the sample, the distance from the zip code of origin to the zip code of destination was calculated by using the Oak Ridge National Laboratories National Highway Network and assuming that the minimum impedance path was utilized. For each of these origin-destination pairs, the GCD and several variations of the GCD also were estimated. Finally, the network-based estimates and the GCD-based estimates were statistically compared. As expected, distance estimates based on GCD Were found to be different from network-based estimates. However, applying a constant circuity factor of 1.22 or using variable circuity factors based on distance category did not result in a statistical bias in these distance estimates. Examination of distance estimates at the level of origin-destination pair revealed that distance estimates could vary as much as 75%. A comparison of published values for the 1997 CFS with values derived from GCD-based distance estimates shows that approximately 5% to 35% of the GCD-based values for the 1997 CFS would fall outside a two standard error interval. Although GCD-based estimates, under some conditions, may produce unbiased estimates of the mean distance, this does not eliminate the need for network-based estimates. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Transportat Res ctr, Ctr Transportat Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Qureshi, MA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil Engn, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07730-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1804 BP 212 EP 216 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Transportation GA BV98K UT WOS:000180589200028 ER PT S AU Reuscher, TR Schmoyer, RL Hu, PS AF Reuscher, TR Schmoyer, RL Hu, PS GP TRB TI Transferability of nationwide personal transportation survey data to regional and local scales SO TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ANALYSIS 2002: PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Res & Special Programs Adm, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB The development of a system for using Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) data to estimate regional or local travel behavior-vehicle and person trips and miles of travel-is detailed. This system can be used by state or municipal transportation planners. The census tracts were classified into groups, or clusters, that tend to be homogeneous for individual travel behavior. These census tract clusters were based on household income, employment rate, number of household vehicles, and area type (urban, suburban, or rural). NPTS data were used to estimate driving characteristics for each of the clusters derived in the classification step. How well the goal of estimating regional or local travel characteristics was achieved by using standards computed from an independent survey from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and by using independent data from three add-on components of the NPTS itself was assessed. Estimates computed from the NPTS data by using the census tract cluster method were compared with estimates computed from the standards and with estimates computed from the NPTS data by using competing methods in which households were. classified by size of the metropolitan statistical area, census division, or census region. It was found that in most cases the census tract clustering method predicted travel better than the other methods, with small sample sizes generally being the cause when the census tract method was not the best. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Stat & Data Anal Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reuscher, TR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Stat & Data Anal Program, POB 2008,MS-6073, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07744-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1817 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BW32U UT WOS:000181584700004 ER PT J AU Nolan, JP Sklar, LA AF Nolan, JP Sklar, LA TI Suspension array technology: evolution of the flat-array paradigm SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; ASSAY; FLUORESCENCE; IMMUNOASSAY; LIBRARIES; CYTOKINES AB Suspension arrays of microspheres analyzed using flow cytometry offer a new approach to multiplexed assays for large-scale screening applications. By optically encoding micron-sized polymer particles, suspension microarrays can be created to enable highly multiplexed analysis of complex samples. Each element in the array is comprised of a subpopulation of particles with distinct optical properties and each array element bears a different surface receptor. Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids or carbohydrates can serve as receptors to support the analysis of a wide range of biomolecular assemblies, and applications in genomic and proteomic research are being developed. Coupled with recent innovations for rapid serial analysis of samples, molecular analysis with microsphere arrays holds significant potential as a general analysis platform for both research and clinical applications. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource & Cytometry Canc Res, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nolan, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, M-888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 250 Z9 277 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01844-3 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 505AU UT WOS:000172889400007 PM 11742671 ER PT B AU Carr, GL Martin, MC McKinney, WR Jordan, K Neil, GR Williams, GP AF Carr, GL Martin, MC McKinney, WR Jordan, K Neil, GR Williams, GP GP IEEE IEEE TI Very high power THz radiation from relativistic electrons SO TWENTY SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atom, PSFC, IEEE AB We report the production of high power (20 watts average, similar to1 Megawatt peak) broadband THz light based on coherent emission from relativistic electrons. We describe the source, presenting theoretical calculations and their experimental verification. For clarity we compare this source with one based on ultrafast laser techniques. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carr, GL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7423-1 PY 2002 BP 101 EP 102 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076104 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV57T UT WOS:000179397900051 ER PT B AU Brown, WJ Hartermann, FV Tremaine, AM Springer, PT Le Sage, GP Barty, CPJ Rosenzweig, JB Crane, JK Cross, RR Fittinghoff, DN Gibson, DJ Slaughter, DR Anderson, S AF Brown, WJ Hartermann, FV Tremaine, AM Springer, PT Le Sage, GP Barty, CPJ Rosenzweig, JB Crane, JK Cross, RR Fittinghoff, DN Gibson, DJ Slaughter, DR Anderson, S GP IEEE IEEE TI RF phase stability and electron beam characterization for the PLEIADES Thomson x-ray source SO TWENTY SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atom, PSFC, IEEE AB We report on the performance of an S-band RF photocathode electron gun and accelerator for operation with the PLEIADES Thomson x-ray source at LLNL. To produce picosecond, high brightness x-ray pulses, picosecond timing, terahertz; bandwidth diagnostics, and RF phase control are required. Planned optical, RF, x-ray and electron beam measurements to characterize the dependence of electron beam parameters and synchronization on RF phase stability are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7423-1 PY 2002 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076107 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV57T UT WOS:000179397900054 ER PT B AU Song, L Luhmann, NC Scheitrum, G Arfin, B AF Song, L Luhmann, NC Scheitrum, G Arfin, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Three-dimensional design of the coupling slot for a W-band output structure SO TWENTY SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 22-26, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Gen Atom, PSFC, IEEE AB We present the design of a W-band LiGA (a German acronym for lithographe, galvanoformung, und abformung) fabricated three-dimensional five-gap coupled cavity. This paper focuses on analyzing the coupling slot effects on such a periodic structure's dispersion characteristics using the three-dimensional code MAFIA (MAxwell equation using Finite Integration Algorithm). The different coupling slot sizes corresponding to LiGA fabrication and EDM (Electric Discharge Machining) fabrication constraints have been modeled and discussed in detail. The equivalent circuit model of such a coupling slot in two-dimensional MAGIC code also has been studied. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Klystron Dept, Stanford, CA USA. RP Song, L (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Klystron Dept, Stanford, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7423-1 PY 2002 BP 351 EP 352 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2002.1076229 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV57T UT WOS:000179397900176 ER PT S AU Cavalleri, A Toth, C Siders, CW Squier, JA Forget, P Magnan, S Kieffer, JC AF Cavalleri, A Toth, C Siders, CW Squier, JA Forget, P Magnan, S Kieffer, JC BE Tsen, KTF Song, JJ Jiang, HX TI Femtosecond x-ray studies of the photo-induced structural phase transition in VO2 SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VI CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PULSES; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS AB We report on the application of femtosecond x-ray scattering to experimental studies of the photo-induced, structural phase transition in VO2. The transition between the two crystalline phases of the material occurs, for sufficiently intense excitation, within 500 fs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cavalleri, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4382-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4643 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.470410 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU96M UT WOS:000177509700012 ER PT S AU Yarotski, D Donati, GP Taylor, AJ AF Yarotski, D Donati, GP Taylor, AJ BE Tsen, KTF Song, JJ Jiang, HX TI Demonstration of high spatial resolution in ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA IN SEMICONDUCTORS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors VI CY JAN 21-25, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE ultrafast measurements; optoelectronics; scanning tunneling microscopy; quantum dots ID INAS/GAAS QUANTUM DOTS; LASER-DIODES; RELAXATION; TIP; GENERATION; PROBE AB We demonstrate ultrafast dynamical imaging of surfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope with a low-temperature-grown GaAs tip photoexcited by 100-fs, 800-nm pulses. We detect picosecond transients on a coplanar stripline and demonstrate a temporal resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 1.7 ps. By dynamically imaging the stripline, we demonstrate that the local conductivity in the sample is reflected in the transient correlated current and that 20-nm spatial resolution is achievable for a 2 ps transient, correlated signal. We apply this technique of photoconductively-gated ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy (PG-USTM) to study carrier dynamics in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot samples (SAQD) at T=300 K. The initial carrier relaxation proceeds via Auger carrier capture from the InAs wetting layer (WL) on a timescale of 1-2 ps, followed by recombination of carriers on a 900 ps timescale. Finally, we demonstrate junction-mixing ultrafast STM (JM-USTM) using picosecond voltage pulses propagating on a patterned metal-on-metal (Ti/Pt). Using JM-USTM we have achieved a spatio/temporal resolution of 2 nm/20 ps. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yarotski, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ttaylor@lanl.gov RI Yarotski, Dmitry/G-4568-2010 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4382-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2002 VL 4643 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.470421 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU96M UT WOS:000177509700022 ER PT B AU Hugo, R Kuna, H Weertman, JR AF Hugo, R Kuna, H Weertman, JR BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Saran, MJ Lowe, TC TI Defects, microstructure and dislocation activity in nanocrystalline metals SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Comm DE nanocrystalline metals; dislocation activity; microstructure; defects ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; COPPER; CU AB The mechanical properties of ultrafine grain and nanocrystalline metals are strongly affected by a number of microstructural features as well as by the presence of defects. In situ straining experiments of nanocrystalline Cu in the TEM show intense and rapid contrast changes, interpreted as dislocation activity, in grains near a stress concentration. Such contrast changes and arrays of dislocations are seen in grains down to similar to30 nm or even smaller. This limited dislocation activity appears insufficient to impart significant toughness to the material. The lack of strain hardening in many nanocrystalline and subgrain metals, together with low strain rate sensitivity, leads to early plastic instability in tension. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hugo, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-523-9 PY 2002 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU41E UT WOS:000175933900036 ER PT B AU Liao, XZ Huang, JY Zhu, YT Zhou, F Lavernia, EJ AF Liao, XZ Huang, JY Zhu, YT Zhou, F Lavernia, EJ BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Saran, MJ Lowe, TC TI Deformation mechanisms at different grain sizes in a cryogenically ball-milled Al-Mg alloy SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Comm DE aluminum alloy; cryogenic ball milling; transmission electron microscopy; microstructure ID POWDERS; STRAIN AB An Al-7.5 wt. % Mg alloy was ball-milled in liquid N(2) for eight hours and its microstructures were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Electron diffraction confirmed that the resulting powder is a supersaturated Al-Mg solid solution with a face-centered cubic structure. Three nanostructures with different grain size ranges and shapes were observed and the deformation mechanisms in these structures were found to be different. The reasons for the different deformation mechanisms were discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liao, XZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 OI Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-523-9 PY 2002 BP 323 EP 330 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU41E UT WOS:000175933900038 ER PT B AU Zhu, YT Huang, JY AF Zhu, YT Huang, JY BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Saran, MJ Lowe, TC TI Properties and nanostructures of materials processed by SPD techniques SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Comm DE strength; ductility; nanostructures; SPD; non-equilibrium grain boundary ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TENSILE PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; NANOCRYSTALLINE; MICROSTRUCTURES; POWDERS; COPPER AB Metallic materials usually exhibit higher strength but lower ductility after being plastically deformed by conventional techniques such as rolling, drawing and extrusion. In contrast, nanostructured metals and alloys processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) have demonstrated both high strength and high ductility. This extraordinary mechanical behavior is attributed to the unique nanostructures generated by SPD processing. It demonstrates the possibility of tailoring the microstructures of metals and alloys by SPD to obtain superior mechanical properties. The SPD-generated nanostructures have many features related to deformation, including high dislocation densities, and high- and low-angle grain boundaries in equilibrium or non-equilibrium states. This paper reviews the mechanical properties and the defect structures of SPD-processed nanostructured materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-523-9 PY 2002 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU41E UT WOS:000175933900039 ER PT B AU Beyerlein, IJ Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN AF Beyerlein, IJ Lebensohn, RA Tome, CN BE Zhu, YT Langdon, TG Mishra, RS Semiatin, SL Saran, MJ Lowe, TC TI Polycrystal constitutive modeling of ECAP: Texture and microstructural evolution SO ULTRAFINE GRAINED MATERIALS II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Ultrafine Grained Materials CY FEB 17-21, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Process & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm, Minerals Met & Mat, Struct Mat Div, Mech Behav Comm DE four processing routes; texture; grain refinement; self consistent schemes ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-REFINEMENT; CHANNEL AB This paper describes preliminary efforts to understand the grain refinement mechanism during ECAP. We develop a modeling framework for predicting microstructural and texture evolution in nanocrystalline materials during the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). A 3D polycrystalline visco plastic self consistent scheme is used to predict the constitutive response and texture of the sample when subjected to this discontinuous process of rotations and shear straining. We consider a 90degrees die angle and simulate ECAP up to four passes for four processing routes. The model material is a rigid plastic FCC single phase polycrystal and the empirical grain size evolution model considers only the effects of grain shape. Under these assumptions, route A was the most effective and route C the least effective for grain size refinement after four passes. Route Ba was more effective than route Be. For producing refined equiaxed grains, route Be was more effective than Ba and A. We find that incorporation of both shape effects and accumulative dislocation effects in the grain size evolution model are necessary before informative comparison with experimental data is possible. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-523-9 PY 2002 BP 585 EP 594 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BU41E UT WOS:000175933900066 ER PT S AU Peterson, DW Rose, BH AF Peterson, DW Rose, BH BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Low cost, low power, high sensitivity, real time neutron detection microsystem SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB A Si array neutron detector is proposed based on commercial CCD and CMOS sensor technology coupled with a thin film neutron conversion coating. System sensitivity is estimated for a baseline device containing a single array and various schemes to increase detection probability by simple area scaling and stacking are discussed. Some possible use scenarios are discussed involving static and moving sources. Likely neutron source fluxes for weapons grade and commercial grade nuclear material are estimated along with expected intensities of cosmic background neutrons which would establish a noise floor to detection limits. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peterson, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200001 ER PT S AU Wang, TF Moody, KJ Raschke, KE Ruhter, WD AF Wang, TF Moody, KJ Raschke, KE Ruhter, WD BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI MGA analysis on elevated Pu-238 samples SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB Plutonium gamma-ray data analysis, in the 100-keV region, using MGA has been improved to overcome the original maximum limit of 2% Pu-238 relative plutonium content in a sample in order to perform an analysis. MGA analysis results of elevated Pu-238 samples are compared to the results from mass spectrometry. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 28 EP 36 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200003 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Forman, L AF Vanier, PE Forman, L BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Applications of noble gas radiation detectors to counter-terrorism SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB Radiation detectors are essential tools in the detection, analysis and disposition of potential terrorist devices containing hazardous radioactive and/or fissionable materials. For applications where stand-off distance and source shielding are limiting factors, large detectors have advantages over small ones. The ability to distinguish between Special Nuclear Materials and false-positive signals from natural or man-made benign sources is also important. Ionization chambers containing compressed noble gases, notably xenon and helium-3, can be scaled up to very large sizes, improving the solid angle for acceptance of radiation from a distant source. Gamma spectrometers using Xe have a factor of three better energy resolution than NaI scintillators, allowing better discrimination between radioisotopes. Xenon detectors can be constructed so as to have extremely low leakage currents, enabling them to operate for long periods of time on batteries or solar cells. They are not sensitive to fluctuations in ambient temperature, and are therefore suitable for deployment in outdoor locations. Position-sensitive He-3 chambers have been built as large as 3000 cm(2), and with spatial resolution of less than 1 mm. Combined with coded apertures made of cadmium, they can be used to create images of thermal neutron sources. The natural background of spallation neutrons from cosmic rays generates a very low count rate, so this instrument could be quite effective at identifying a man-made source, such as a spontaneous fission. source (Pu) in contact with a moderator (high explosive). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Safeguards & Arms Control Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Safeguards & Arms Control Div, Bldg 197C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200004 ER PT S AU Ze, F Tittmann, BR Lenahan, PM AF Ze, F Tittmann, BR Lenahan, PM BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Detection of materials of interest to NonProliferation: A novel approach SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp ID RESONANCE; METAL AB We propose the development of a novel detector that can locate and identify materials of interest to Nuclear Arms Non Proliferation. The device will combine nuclear acoustic resonance (NAR) with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) widely used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), geophysics, nondestructive evaluations, and biomagnetism, to name only few. NAR works like NMR. Thus resonant absorption (of applied ultrasonic energy) by a nuclear spin system occurs when the ultrasonic frequency is equal to the appropriate frequency separations between the magnetic nuclear energy levels. Ultrasonic energy couples to the nuclear spin system via spin-phonon interaction. The resulting nuclear acoustic resonance can be detected via the changes in (a) ultrasonic attenuation, (b) ultrasonic velocity, (c) material magnetization, (d) or nuclear magnetic susceptibility, all of which carries "intrinsic and unique signatures" of the material under investigation. The device's sensitivity and penetration depth (into metals) will be enhanced by incorporating SQUID technology into the design. We will present the details of interaction physics and outline a plan of action needed to successfully transform the concepts into a practical detector. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ze, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 46 EP 59 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200005 ER PT S AU Ziock, KP Goldstein, WH AF Ziock, KP Goldstein, WH BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI The lost source, varying backgrounds and why bigger may not be better SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp ID RADIATION AB The problem of finding a lost radioactive source is complicated by the variations in background as a function of position. The fact that the natural background varies on order of itself means that normal counting statistics do not apply. The signal-to-noise ratio in this case is given by the source strength divided by the number of background counts, not the source strength divided by the square root of the number of background counts. Since both the source and background counts scale as the area of the detector, one does not gain by using a larger detector. To overcome this limitation, one must somehow determine the local background. Since it is impractical to measure the background before one loses a source, the solution is to measure the background in situ through the use of imaging techniques. This allows one to return the problem to one dominated by counting statistics, greatly increasing the performance of the system. A cartoon model grid search is used to motivate the discussion that compares the performance of a coded aperture imager to that of an omnidirectional detector in this application. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 60 EP 70 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200006 ER PT S AU Hull, EL Burks, MT Cork, CP Craig, W Eckels, D Fabris, L Lavietes, A Luke, PN Madden, NW Pehl, PH Ziock, KP AF Hull, EL Burks, MT Cork, CP Craig, W Eckels, D Fabris, L Lavietes, A Luke, PN Madden, NW Pehl, PH Ziock, KP BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI A germanium orthogonal strip detector system for gamma-ray imaging SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB A coded aperture, germanium-detector based gamma-ray imaging system has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The detector, cryostat, and signal processing electronics are discussed in this paper. The latest version orthogonal strip planar detector is 11-millimeters thick, having 38x38 strips of 2-millimeter pitch. The planar detector was fabricated using amorphous germanium contacts. The strips on each face of the detector lie in a chorded-circular pattern to more efficiently utilize the area of the 10-cm diameter germanium crystal. The detector is held in a mount that allows convenient installation and removal of the detector, lending itself to eventual tiling of such detectors into large arrays. The cryostat includes provisions to install a large volume coaxial germanium detector immediately behind the planar detector in the same cryostat. Many gamma rays Compton scatter from the planar detector into. the coaxial detector. The energies of these coincident interactions are summed to increase the gamma-ray detection efficiency for higher energy, gamma rays (> 200 keV). This hybrid detector configuration recovers many of the gamma rays that would otherwise scatter out of the planar detector. Each strip is read out with a compact, low noise, external FET preamplifier specially designed for this instrument. A bank of shaping amplifiers, fast amplifiers, and constant-fraction discriminators provide readout information that includes 3-dimensional. position information on multiple simultaneous photon interaction positions in the detector at the 2 mm level. The energy deposition at each location is also read out with germanium spectroscopy grade resolution. This information is sent to a computer where the image is formed. The excellent energy resolution of the germanium detector system provides isotopic imaging. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hull, EL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200011 ER PT S AU Vetter, K Mihailescu, L Ziock, K Burks, M Cork, C Fabris, L Hull, E Madden, N Pehl, R AF Vetter, K Mihailescu, L Ziock, K Burks, M Cork, C Fabris, L Hull, E Madden, N Pehl, R BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Employing thin HPGe detectors for gamma-ray imaging SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp ID POSITION AB We have evaluated a collimator-less gamma-ray imaging system, which is based on thin layers of double-sided strip HPGe detectors. The positions of individual gamma-ray interactions will be deduced by the strip addresses and the Ge layers which fired: Therefore, high bandwidth pulse processing is not required as in thick Ge detectors. While the drawback of such a device is the increased number of electronics channels to be read out and processed, there are several advantages, which are particularly important for remote applications: the operational voltage can be greatly reduced to fully deplete the detector and no high bandwidth signal processing electronics is required to determine positions. Only a charge sensitive preamplifier, a slow pulse shaping amplifier, and a fast discriminator are required on a per channel basis in order to determine photon energy and interaction position in three dimensions. Therefore, the power consumption and circuit board real estate can be minimized. More importantly, since the high bandwidth signal shapes are not used to determine the depth position, lower energy signals can be processed. The processing of these lower energy signals increases the efficiency for the recovery of small angle scattering. Currently, we are studying systems consisting of up to ten 2mm thick Ge layers with 2mm pitch size. The required electronics of the few hundred channels can be integrated to reduce space and power. We envision applications in nuclear nonproliferation and gamma-ray astronomy where ease of operation and low power consumption, and reliability, are crucial. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200012 ER PT S AU Kuritz, T AF Kuritz, T BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Algal genetic systems as sensors for radiation detection SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp ID UV-B; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; PCC-7120; PROTEIN AB Numerous attempts were made to create biosensors for the detection of a variety of signals. However; no biosensor for radiation detection has been developed that would be suitable for field applications. We have generated a collection of potentially radiation-responsive genetic elements from cyanobacteria for their use in mix-and-match application-driven configurations of biosensors. Use of different biosensor system elements is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kuritz, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200017 ER PT S AU Latner, N Chiu, N Sanderson, CG AF Latner, N Chiu, N Sanderson, CG BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI An intelligent radiation detector system for remote monitoring SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB A unique real-time gamma radiation detector and spectroscopic analyzer, specifically designed for a "Homeland Security Radiological Network", has been developed by the Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML). The Intelligent Radiation Detector's (IRD) sensitivity and rapid sampling cycle assure up-to-the minute radiological data, which will indicate fast changes in atmospheric radioactivity. In addition, an immediate alert will occur within seconds to signal rapid changes in activity or levels elevated beyond a preset. This feature is particularly valuable to detect radioactivity from moving vehicles. The IRD also supplies spectral data, which allows the associated network computer to identify the specific radionuclides detected and to distinguish between natural and manmade radioactivity: To minimize cost and maximize rapid availability, the IRD uses readily available "off the shelf' components combined with an inexpensive, unique detector housing made of PVC plastic pipe. Reliability with no required maintenance is inherent in the IRD, which operates automatically and unattended on a "24/7" basis. A prototype unit installed on EML's roof has been in continuous operation since November 27, 2001. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Latner, N (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200019 ER PT S AU Dai, S Saengkerdsub, S Im, HJ Stephan, AC Mahurin, SM AF Dai, S Saengkerdsub, S Im, HJ Stephan, AC Mahurin, SM BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Nanocrystal-based scintillators for radiation detection SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp ID QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ZNS; CDSE; CLUSTERS; POLYMER AB Several metal chalcogenides (e.g., ZnS, CdSe/ZnS) are known to be highly efficient scintillators. Concerns related to the use of these commercially available inorganic compounds (particle size: gm) include their low solubilities in organic and polymeric matrices. Their preparation in inorganic matrices, such as sol-gels, results in non-transparent gels, thus lowering their efficiency as scintillating devices. By reducing their particle sizes from commonly used micrometer- into nanometer-size regimes, their optical properties and solubilities in both polar and nonpolar solvents cart be controlled. The combination of sol-gel technique and the chemistry of inorganic nanocrystalline quantum dots will be demonstrated as a powerful method in preparing scintillating devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 220 EP 224 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200024 ER PT S AU Dreicer, JS Jorgensen, AM Dors, EE AF Dreicer, JS Jorgensen, AM Dors, EE BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI Distributed sensor network with collective computation for situational awareness SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB Initiated under Laboratory Directed R&D funding we have engaged in empirical studies, theory development, and initial hardware development for a ground-based Distributed Sensor Network with Collective Computation (DSN-CC). A DSN-CC is a network that uses node-to-node communication and on-board processing to achieve gains in response time, power usage, communication bandwidth, detection resolution, and robustness. DSN-CCs are applicable to both military and civilian problems where massive amounts of data gathered over a large area must be processed to yield timely conclusions. We have built prototype hardware DSN-CC nodes. Each node has self-contained power and is 6"x10"x2". Each node contains a battery pack with power feed from a solar panel that forms the lid, a central processing board, a GPS card, and radio card. Further system properties will be discussed, as will scenarios in which the system might be used to counter Nuclear/Biological/Chemical (NBC) threats of unconventional warfare. Mid-year in FY02 this DSN-CC research project received funding from the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22), NNSA to support nuclear proliferation technology development. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dreicer, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Data Syst Grp, NIS-3,Mail Stop E541, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200026 ER PT S AU McNaughton, MW Treadaway, A Anderson, K Johnson, MW AF McNaughton, MW Treadaway, A Anderson, K Johnson, MW BE Trombka, JI Spears, DP Solomon, PH TI NEWNet: Web-based unattended, monitoring in the public domain SO UNATTENDED RADIATION SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE APPLICATIONS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Unattended Radiation Sensor Systems for Remote Applications CY APR 15-17, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP NASA, Headquarters, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USDE, US Dept Justice, US State, Nonproliferat & Arms Control Technol Working Grp AB The Neighborhood Environmental Watch Network, NEWNet, is a system of environmental radiation monitors near Los Alamos National Laboratory and other sites that provides data at 15-minute intervals on the Internet. For details see http://newnet.lanl.gov. The system originated at the Nevada Test Site and was transferred to Los Alamos in the mid-1990s. In this paper we describe recent improvements in sensitivity and enhancements of capabilities. For durations of days or months, the radiation measurements are limited by variations in the natural background. The daily fluctuation of radon decay products causes the dose rate to change by several nanogray per hour (nGy/h), and a major rainstorm or snowstorm can cause a change of as much as 100 nGy/h. Nevertheless, NEWNet was able to monitor activated air carried by the wind to a station 600 m from the source. At present, we are testing extensions of the NEWNet system to include environmental alpha detectors. A. status report on this work will be. provided, and possible future applications of the enhanced technology will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McNaughton, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0087-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 632 BP 244 EP 251 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BV40F UT WOS:000178846200027 ER PT B AU Dale, VH AF Dale, VH BE Costanza, R Jorgensen, SE TI Science and decisionmaking SO UNDERSTANDING AND SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: TOWARD A NEW, INTEGRATED HARD PROBLEM SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd EcoSummit Workshop CY JUN, 2000 CL HALIFAX, CANADA ID LAND-USE CHANGE; AMAZON; DEFORESTATION; RESERVES; RONDONIA; BRAZIL; SCALE AB Science is often viewed as an activity independent of society. There certainly is one pathway in science that is such a pure investigation of natural processes. Yet, in this age when the very sustainability of the Earth and its critical ecosystems are in question, key findings of environmental science must be communicated to and used by those who make decisions about the future of the Earth. The challenge is how scientists can effectively impart appropriate and useful information to decisionmakers. Currently, many scientists are frustrated by the inefficiency of the existing communication processes and the unbalanced use of science in decisionmaking. Although science is an integral part of decisionmaking in some countries or for some issues, in general the connection is weak. Scientific results and model predictions are rarely expressed in terms of end points that have direct meaning or inherent value to decisionmakers. This leaves it up to the decisionmakers to extrapolate scientific results to the end points of true concern. Therefore, a number of questions arise as to how best to facilitate this interchange between science and decisionmaking. After a brief description of science and decisionmaking, this chapter presents three examples of how science has been used in making decisions about land management and use. Based on the common elements of these examples, the chapter ends with a set of questions about appropriate ways to transmit science to decisionmakers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044111-4 PY 2002 BP 139 EP 152 DI 10.1016/B978-008044111-5/50009-3 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV01U UT WOS:000177606300007 ER PT J AU Paulaitis, ME Pratt, LR AF Paulaitis, ME Pratt, LR TI Hydration theory for molecular biophysics SO UNFOLDED PROTEINS SE ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID QUASI-CHEMICAL THEORY; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; LIQUID WATER; PROTEIN; MODEL; THERMODYNAMICS; CAVITIES; RESIDUES; NUMBER; SCALE C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paulaitis, ME (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Pratt, Lawrence/H-7955-2012 OI Pratt, Lawrence/0000-0003-2351-7451 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3233 J9 ADV PROTEIN CHEM JI Adv.Protein Chem. PY 2002 VL 62 BP 283 EP 310 PG 32 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BV53D UT WOS:000179263800009 PM 12418107 ER PT S AU Wick, DV Martinez, T Baker, JT Payne, DM Stone, BR Restaino, SR AF Wick, DV Martinez, T Baker, JT Payne, DM Stone, BR Restaino, SR BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Wide field-of-view, foveated imaging system using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE remote navigation; video transmission bandwidth; spatial light modulators; aberration compensation; liquid-crystal devices; imaging systems; adaptive optics AB We have successfully demonstrated a simple, wide field-of-view, foveated imaging system utilizing a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). The SLM was used to correct the off-axis aberrations that otherwise limited the useful field-of-view (FOV) of our system. Our system mimics the operation of the human eye by creating an image with variable spatial resolution and could be made significantly smaller and more compact than a conventional wide FOV system. It may be useful in applications such as surveillance, remote navigation of unmanned vehicles, and target acquisition and tracking, or any application where size, weight, or data transmission bandwidth is critical. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.474470 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300007 ER PT S AU Jung, DL Parker, LE AF Jung, DL Parker, LE BE Gerhart, GR Shoemaker, CM Gage, DW TI Path planning is no substitute for intelligent behavior SO UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV CY APR 02-03, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE behavior; behavior-planning; path-planning; navigation; mobile robot AB This paper describes our experience implementing navigation behavior for two different autonomous multi-robot systems using two very different approaches. We describe the problems encountered and their solutions and the extensions necessary to support planning for multiple robots in our application domains. We conclude that there are many applications of path-planning that would be well served by the introduction of a little domain specific intelligent behavior as a substitute for brute force path planning over unnecessarily large configuration spaces. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CESAR, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jung, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CESAR, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4465-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4715 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.474444 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BV18D UT WOS:000178075300016 ER PT B AU Stockman, C AF Stockman, C GP OECD OECD OECD TI The probabilistic approach SO USE OF THERMODYNAMIC DATABASES IN PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT, WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Use of Thermodynamic Databases in Performance Assessment CY MAY 29-30, 2000 CL UNIV POLITECN CATALUNYA, BARCELONA, SPAIN HO UNIV POLITECN CATALUNYA C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Yucca Mt Site Charaterizat Program, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Stockman, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Yucca Mt Site Charaterizat Program, 1180 Town Ctr Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-19846-6 PY 2002 BP 179 EP 179 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Thermodynamics; Computer Science GA BV20J UT WOS:000178154500015 ER PT S AU Geib, KM Choquette, KD Serkland, DK Allerman, AA Hargett, TW AF Geib, KM Choquette, KD Serkland, DK Allerman, AA Hargett, TW BE Lei, C Kilcoyne, SP TI Fabrication and performance of large (64x64) arrays of integrated VCSELs and detectors SO VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers VI CY JAN 23-24, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE VCSEL arrays; integrated VCSELs and detectors ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER AB Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are uniquely suited for applications requiring high-density 2-dimensional arrays of lasers, such as massively parallel interconnects or imaging applications. We have successfully fabricated 64x64 arrays containing alternating rows of selectively-oxidized 850 nm VCSELs and resonant-cavity photodetectors (RCPDs) on semi-insulating GaAs. In order to reduce the input/output pin count, we employed a matrix addressable architecture, where all the VCSELs (or RCPDs) in each row are connected by a common metal trace at the base of their mesas. The columns are connected by metal traces that bridge from mesa top to mesa top, connecting every other row (i.e., only VCSELs or only RCPDs). The pitch of devices in the array is 55 microns, and total resistance contributed by the long (up to 3.5 mm) row and column traces is below 50 ohms. The epitaxial design, fabrication and performance of these arrays is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Geib, KM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4388-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4649 BP 152 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.469229 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU98J UT WOS:000177553700018 ER PT S AU Sharpe, SW Sams, RL Johnson, TJ Chu, PM Rhoderick, GC Guenther, FR AF Sharpe, SW Sams, RL Johnson, TJ Chu, PM Rhoderick, GC Guenther, FR BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Creation of 0.10 cm(-1) resolution, quantitative, infrared spectral libraries for gas SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE ID LINE POSITIONS; STANDARDS; DATABASE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are independently creating quantitative, similar to0.10 cm(-1) resolution, infrared spectral libraries of vapor phase compounds. The NIST library will consist of approximately 100 vapor phase spectra of volatile hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and suspected greenhouse gases. The PNNL library will consist of approximately 400 vapor phase spectra associated with DOE's remediation mission. A critical part of creating and validating any quantitative work involves independent verification based on inter-laboratory comparisons. The two laboratories use significantly different sample preparation and handling techniques. NIST uses gravimetric dilution and a continuous flowing sample while PNNL uses partial pressure dilution and a static ;lsample. Agreement is generally found to be within the statistical uncertainties (k = 2, 2sigma) of the Beer's law fit and less than 3 % of the total integrated band areas for the 4 chemicals used in this comparison. There does appear to be a small (similar to1.5 %) systematic difference between the PNNL and NIST data, however. Possible sources of the systematic difference will be discussed as well as technical details concerning the sample preparation and the procedures for overcoming instrumental artifacts. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.455730 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500002 ER PT S AU Timlin, JA Martin, LE Alam, MK Haaland, DM Garrison, KA Lyons, CR Hjelle, B AF Timlin, JA Martin, LE Alam, MK Haaland, DM Garrison, KA Lyons, CR Hjelle, B BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Infrared ATR: A probe for cellular activation SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE cellular activation; infrared spectroscopy; ATR; DNA; RNA; PLS ID SPECTROSCOPY; CELLS; TISSUES; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; MACROPHAGE; SPECTRA; CYCLE; DEATH; FTIR AB We employ infrared spectroscopy (IR) with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) as a sampling technique to monitor live and dried RAW cells (a murine macrophage cell line) during activation with gamma-interferon and lipopolysaccharide. By comparing the spectra of activated cells at various time points to the spectra of healthy control cells, we identify spectral bands associated with nucleic acids that are markers for the cell activation process. These spectral changes are slight and can be complicated with the normal metabolic changes that occur within cells. We will discuss the use of data pretreatment strategies to accurately correct for the contribution of the buffer to the live cell spectra. We find the standard background correction method inadequate for concentrated solutions of cells. Data presented shows the severe effect incorrect background subtraction has on the cell spectra. We report a more accurate correction for phosphate buffer spectral contribution using an interactive subtraction of the buffer spectrum. We will show classification of dried control and activated macrophage cell spectra using partial-least squares analysis with multiplicative scatter correction. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, MK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 0886, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Winstein, Carolee/A-8375-2008; OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.455749 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500005 ER PT S AU Cullum, BM Mobley, J Wintenberg, AL Maples, RA Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Mobley, J Wintenberg, AL Maples, RA Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Field-portable AOTF-based monitor technology for environmental sensing SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE Raman spectroscopy; battery-operated; field-portable; environmental monitoring; AOTF; acousto-optic tunable filter ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; BIOSENSOR; SENSORS; FILTER; METALS; PROBE; FIBER AB The development of a field-portable Raman instrument for environmental analyses is described. It is based on the use of a near-infrared frequency-stabilized diode laser for excitation, an acousto-optic tunable filter for wavelength selection, and an avalanche photodiode for detection. Evaluation of this instrument for the monitoring of environmentally important species will be discussed as well as its ability to be operated in room light without significantly increasing the background signal. In addition, we will also describe a baseline removal procedure based on second derivative approach that simplifies and increases the accuracy of the instrument's automated identification algorithm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1117/12.455723 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500008 ER PT S AU Sedlacek, AJ Ray, MD Higdon, NS Richter, DA AF Sedlacek, AJ Ray, MD Higdon, NS Richter, DA BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Short-range, non-contact detection of surface contamination using Raman Lidar SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE Raman; Lidar; surface; portable; chemical sensor; contamination; non-contact; standoff; in-situ; MRLS; LISA AB The application of a novel mini-Raman Lidar to the standoff detection and identification of chemical spills is discussed. The new chemical sensor combines the spectral fingerprinting of solar-blind UV Raman spectroscopy with the principles of lidar to open a new venue of short-range (meters to tens of meters), non-contact detection and identification of unknown substances on surfaces. In addition to discussing experimental results collected with a "proof-of-principle" system, a next generation system, currently under development, is also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sedlacek, AJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 703, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.455727 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500012 ER PT S AU Blake, TA Gassman, PL AF Blake, TA Gassman, PL BE Christesen, SD Sedlacek, AJ TI Detection of soil surface contaminants by infrared reflection spectroscopy SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY-BASED SENSOR SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy-Based Sensor Systems CY NOV 01-02, 2001 CL NEWTON, MA SP SPIE DE infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy; polarization-resolved spectroscopy; soil reflection spectroscopy; depolarization; dimethyl methylphosphonate; trimethyl phosphate; methyl phosphonic acid; thiodiethanol; diazinon; diesel fuel; ammonium nitrate; tributyl phosphate ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; GAS HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TERT.-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYLATION; SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; NERVE AGENTS AB A benchtop Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and specular reflection accessory have been used to record reflection spectra of several chemical compounds coating a loamy, psamment soil. Unpolarized reflection spectra were recorded between 4600 and 500 cm(-1) with a resolution of 4 cm-1 for the compounds dimethyl methylphosphonate, trimethyl phosphate, methylphosphonic acid, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, diazinon, diesel fuel, and ammonium nitrate mixed separately into soil samples with concentrations of 10, 5, and I mg of analyte per gram of soil. The soil reflection spectra are compared to liquid or solid transmission spectra of the pure compound and frequency shifts and relative intensity changes for the absorption features are noted. As an example of detection sensitivity, we have estimated that we can detect 300 nanograms of dimethyl methylphosphonate on the surface layer of soil in the focal spot (15 mm(2)) of the reflection accessory using one of DMMP's C - H stretch modes. The signal-to-noise (peak-to-peak) of this spectral feature under these circumstances would be 3/1. We also estimate that the flux of infrared photons reaching the soil is 10(14) photons/sec/cm(-1). We have recorded polarization-resolved reflection spectra of the uncoated soil and coarse and fine grained quartz sands as a function of angle of incidence and reflection and have determined the degree of polarization for light reflected off of these materials at frequencies associated with volume scattering and surface scattering features. As might be expected, the volume scattering features show a significant depolarization of the light - degree of polarization after reflection is < 20% - and the surface scattering features retain a much higher degree of polarization upon reflection, > 75%. We have also recorded polarization resolved spectra of tributyl phosphate on the soil and found significant differences between the s- and p-polarized spectra. This fact could be used to employ polarization modulation detection to improve detection sensitivity. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Blake, TA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4305-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4577 BP 239 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.455743 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA BU23G UT WOS:000175418500027 ER PT S AU Wozniak, P Borozdin, K Galassi, M Priedhorsky, W Starr, D Vestrand, WT White, R Wren, J AF Wozniak, P Borozdin, K Galassi, M Priedhorsky, W Starr, D Vestrand, WT White, R Wren, J BE Szalay, AS TI SkyDOT (Sky database for objects in the time domain): A virtual observatory for variability studies at LANL SO VIRTUAL OBSERVATORIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Virtual Observatories CY AUG 25-26, 2002 CL WAIKOLOA, HI SP SPIE, Int Commiss Opt, Amer Astron Soc, European SO Observ, Int Astron Union DE Virtual Observatory; variable stars; database; real-time sky monitoring; Data Mining AB The mining of Virtual Observatories (VOs) is becoming a powerful new method for discovery in astronomy. Here we report on the development of SkyDOT (Sky Database for Objects in the Time domain), a new Virtual Observatory, which is dedicated to the study of sky variability. The site will confederate a number of massive variability surveys and enable exploration of the time domain in astronomy. We discuss the architecture of the database and the functionality of the user interface. An important aspect of SkyDOT is that it is continuously updated in near real time so that users can access new observations in a timely manner. The site will also utilize high level machine learning tools that will allow sophisticated mining of the archive. Another key feature is the real time data stream provided by RAPTOR (RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response), a new sky monitoring experiment under construction at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wozniak, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4625-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4846 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1117/12.461518 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV96X UT WOS:000180549000019 ER PT B AU Pascucci, V Cole-McLaughlin, K AF Pascucci, V Cole-McLaughlin, K BE Moorhead, R Gross, M Joy, K TI Efficient computation of the topology of level sets SO VIS 2002: IEEE VISUALIZATION 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2002 Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn DE isosurfaces; level set topology; Betti numbers AB This paper introduces two efficient algorithms that compute the Contour Tree of a 3D scalar field F and its augmented version with the Betti numbers of each isosurface. The Contour Tree is a fundamental data structure in scientific visualization that is used to preprocess the domain mesh to allow optimal computation of isosurfaces with minimal overhead storage. The Contour Tree can also be used to build user interfaces reporting the complete topological characterization of a scalar field, as shown in Figure 1. The first part of the paper presents a new scheme that augments the Contour Tree with the Betti numbers of each isocontour in linear time. We show how to extend the scheme introduced in [3] with the Betti number computation without increasing its complexity. Thus, we improve on the time complexity from our previous approach [10] from O(m log m) to O(n log n + m), where m is the number of tetrahedra and n is the number of vertices in the domain of F. The second part of the paper introduces a new divide-and-conquer algorithm that computes the Augmented Contour Tree with improved efficiency. The central part of the scheme computes the output Contour Tree by merging two intermediate Contour Trees and is independent of the interpolant. In this way we confine any knowledge regarding a specific interpolant to an oracle that computes the tree for a single cell. We have implemented this oracle for the trilinear interpolant and plan to replace it with higher order interpolants when needed. The complexity of the scheme is O(n + t log n), where t is the number of critical points of F. For the first time we can compute the Contour Tree in linear time in many practical cases when t = O(n(1-e)). Lastly, we report the running times for a parallel implementation of our algorithm, showing good scalability with the number of processors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pascucci, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7498-3 PY 2002 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV57S UT WOS:000179397800022 ER PT B AU Gregorski, B Duchaineau, M Lindstrom, P Pascucci, V Joy, KI AF Gregorski, B Duchaineau, M Lindstrom, P Pascucci, V Joy, KI BE Moorhead, R Gross, M Joy, K TI Interactive view-dependent rendering of large isosurfaces SO VIS 2002: IEEE VISUALIZATION 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2002 Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn DE view-dependent rendering; isosurfaces; multiresolution tetrahedral meshes; multiresolution techniques AB We present an algorithm for interactively extracting and rendering isosurfaces of large volume datasets in a view-dependent fashion. A recursive tetrahedral mesh refinement scheme, based on longest edge bisection, is used to hierarchically decompose the data into a multiresolution structure. This data structure allows fast extraction of arbitrary isosurfaces to within user specified view-dependent error bounds. A data layout scheme based on hierarchical space filling curves provides access to the data in a cache coherent manner that follows the data access pattern indicated by the mesh refinement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gregorski1@linl.gov; duchaine@linl.gov; pl@linl.gov; pascucci@linl.gov; kijoy@ucdavis.edu OI Lindstrom, Peter/0000-0003-3817-4199 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7498-3 PY 2002 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV57S UT WOS:000179397800058 ER PT B AU Crossno, P Rogers, DH Garasi, CJ AF Crossno, P Rogers, DH Garasi, CJ BE Moorhead, R Gross, M Joy, K TI Case study: Visual debugging of finite element codes SO VIS 2002: IEEE VISUALIZATION 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2002 Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn DE visual debugging; parallel finite element; codes and simulations ID PARALLEL AB We present an innovative application developed at Sandia National Laboratories for visual debugging of unstructured finite element physics codes. Our tool automatically locates anomalous regions, such as inverted elements or nodes whose variable values lie outside a prescribed range, then extracts mesh subsets around these features for detailed examination. The subsets are viewed using color coding of variable values superimposed on the mesh structure. This allows the values and their relative spatial locations within the mesh to be correlated at a glance. Both topological irregularities and hot spots within the data stand out visually, allowing the user to explore the exact numeric values of the grid at surrounding points over time. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by debugging a cell inversion in a simulation of an exploding wire. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjcross@sandia.gov; dhroger@sandia.gov; cjgaras@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7498-3 PY 2002 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV57S UT WOS:000179397800067 ER PT B AU Uselton, SP AF Uselton, SP BE Moorhead, R Gross, M Joy, K TI Case study: The "Office of real soon now" for visualization SO VIS 2002: IEEE VISUALIZATION 2002, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2002 Conference CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2002 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGRAPH, IEEE Comp Soc, Inst Elect & Electr Engn DE display; projection; panoramic image display AB As part of a larger effort exploring alternative display systems, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has installed systems in two offices that extend and update the previously described "Office of Real Soon Now" project to improve the value for visualization tasks. These new systems use higher resolution projectors driven by workstations that run Unix-based applications via Linux and support hardware-accelerated 3D graphics, even across the boundary between displays. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Uselton, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7498-3 PY 2002 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV57S UT WOS:000179397800078 ER PT S AU Schlei, BR AF Schlei, BR BE Latecki, LJ Mount, DM Wu, AY TI Region-enclosing contours from edge pixels SO VISION GEOMETRY XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vision Geometry XI CY JUL 07-08, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE edges; contours; unstructured grids; Delaunay tessellation; skeletons ID ALGORITHM AB In the fields of digital image processing, computer vision and pattern recognition, the application of edge detection algorithms is important for the extraction of multiple touching regions in images. However, the enclosure of the regions with discrete contours is not straightforward in general. A novel region-enclosing contour method is therefore proposed in this paper. Topics such as (dilated) contour enclosure of edge pixels in 2D binary images, geometric thinning (skeletonization) of shapes, gap closure in contour networks, and down-sampling of contour supporting point sets are discussed and new techniques are presented. Most of the newly developed techniques depend heavily on the application of a Delaunay tessellation. The resulting set of novel shape processing tools is applied here to an image taken from a metal surface in electron backscattered diffraction experiments in order to provide an accurate characterization of grain boundaries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schlei, BR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-1,MS B221,Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4561-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4794 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.452361 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BV91H UT WOS:000180378000007 ER PT S AU Boyack, KW Wylie, BN Davidson, GS AF Boyack, KW Wylie, BN Davidson, GS BE Borner, K Chen, C TI Information visualization, human-computer interaction, and cognitive psychology: Domain visualizations SO VISUAL INTERFACES TO DIGITAL LIBRARIES SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries held at the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL) CY JUL 18, 2002 CL PORTLAND, OR SP ACM, IEEE ID SCIENCE; CITATION; CLASSIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY; SPACES AB Digital libraries stand to benefit from technology insertions from the fields of information visualization, human-computer interaction, and cognitive psychology, among others. However, the current state of interaction between these fields is not well understood. We use our knowledge visualization tool, VxInsight, to provide several domain visualizations of the overlap between these fields. Relevant articles were extracted from the Science Citation Indexes (SCI and Social SCI) using keyword searches. An article map, a semantic (co-term) map, and a co-author network have been generated from the data. Analysis reveals that while there are overlaps between fields, they are not substantial. However, the most recent work suggests areas where future collaboration could have a great impact on digital libraries of the future. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp & Math Ctr, POB 5800,MS-0318, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kboyack@sandia.gov; bnwylie@sandia.gov; gsdavid@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00247-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2539 BP 145 EP 158 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BW33F UT WOS:000181620100011 ER PT S AU Perrine, KA Jones, DR Hochschild, P Swetz, RA AF Perrine, KA Jones, DR Hochschild, P Swetz, RA BE Erbacher, RF Chen, PC Grohn, M Roberts, JC Wittenbrink, CM TI An interactive parallel visualization framework for distributed data SO VISUALIZATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2002 CY JAN 21-22, 2002 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE parallel visualization; distributed data; parallel frame buffer; graphics AB A framework for parallel visualization at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is being developed that utilizes the IBM Scaleable Graphics Engine (SGE) and IBM SP parallel computers. Parallel visualization resources are discussed, including display technologies, data handling, rendering, and interactivity. Several of these resources have been developed, while others are under development. These framework resources will be utilized by programmers in custom parallel visualization applications. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Perrine, KA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999,MS K1-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4405-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4665 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1117/12.458787 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BU70A UT WOS:000176709300021 ER PT S AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA BE Huebener, RP Schopohl, N Volovik, GE TI Type II superconductors and vortices from the 1950s to the 1990s SO VORTICES IN UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS AND SUPERFLUIDS SE Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vortices in Unconventional Superconductors and SuperFluids CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2000 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY AB This chapter addresses the following topics: The history of the discovery of Type II superconductors and their usual magnetic properties: two critical fields and the mixed state in between, with a partial penetration of the magnetic field in the form of a lattice of quantum vortices. The vortex lattice, as an unavoidable feature of a gauge field theory. Imaging: neutron diffraction, magnetic powder decoration, STM studies, electron holography. Moving vortices and pinning: types of pinning, vortex glass, melting of the vortex lattice. Other types of vortices: Pearl's vortices in thin films placed in a normal field, surface vortices above H-c2, Josephson vortices. Resistive state in thin wires; phase-slip centers as vortices in the space-time plane. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-1873 BN 3-540-42336-2 J9 SPRINGER SER SOLID-S PY 2002 VL 132 BP 7 EP 20 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BU25R UT WOS:000175480900002 ER PT S AU Aranson, IS Kopnin, NB Vinokur, VM AF Aranson, IS Kopnin, NB Vinokur, VM BE Huebener, RP Schopohl, N Volovik, GE TI Nucleation of vortices in superfluid He-3-B by rapid thermal quench SO VORTICES IN UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTORS AND SUPERFLUIDS SE SPRINGER SERIES IN SOLID-STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Vortices in Unconventional Superconductors and SuperFluids CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2000 CL DRESDEN, GERMANY ID DEFECT FORMATION; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PHASE-TRANSITION; VORTEX FORMATION; HE-4 AB We show by numerical and analytical solution of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (TDGLE) that vortex nucleation in superfluid He-3-B by rapid thermal quench in the presence of superflow is dominated by a transverse instability of the moving normal-superfluid interface. Exact expressions for the instability threshold as a function of supercurrent density and the front velocity are found. The dynamics of vortex annihilation and the generalization to the case of complex relaxation rate in the TDGLE are considered. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aranson, IS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-1873 BN 3-540-42336-2 J9 SPRINGER SERIES SOLI PY 2002 VL 132 BP 49 EP 64 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BU25R UT WOS:000175480900004 ER PT J AU Knight, J Cheeseman, C Rogers, R AF Knight, J Cheeseman, C Rogers, R TI Microbial influenced degradation of solidified waste binder SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Waste Stabilization and Environment 1999 Meeting CY APR, 1999 CL NATL INST APPL SCI, LYON, FRANCE HO NATL INST APPL SCI ID CORROSION AB Ordinary cement pastes with water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5 were used to examine the chemical and physical effects of microbial influenced degradation (MID). Samples were exposed to an active culture of Thiobacillus thiooxidans or to sterile media containing sulphuric acid using an intermittent immersion technique. Acid consumption and Ca, Al and Fe releases are presented for an exposure period of 90 days. Exposed samples were also sectioned and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). All cement paste samples were subject to significant degradation in either sterile acid media or the T. thiooxidans lixiviant. Corrosion depths observed from SEM examination of exposed samples were affected by the w/c ratio of the cement. The extent and rate of degradation were not apparent from the calculated rate of hydrogen ion consumption, or the leaching rates of Ca, Al and Fe. It was not possible to distinguish differences in corrosion due to the chemical and microbial influenced degradation from the results obtained to date and further work is focusing on modified procedures to address this. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2BU, England. Idaho Natl Environm Engn Labs, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cheeseman, C (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London SW7 2BU, England. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 AR PII S0956-053X(01)00068-X DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00068-X PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 536UC UT WOS:000174719400010 PM 12003147 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, M Melamed, D Kalb, PD Adams, JW Milian, LW AF Fuhrmann, M Melamed, D Kalb, PD Adams, JW Milian, LW TI Sulfur polymer solidification/stabilization of elemental mercury waste SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION AB Elemental mercury, contaminated with radionuclides, presents a waste disposal problem throughout the Department of Energy complex. In this paper we describe a new process to immobilize elemental mercury wastes, including those contaminated with radionuclides, in a form that is non-dispersible, will meet EPA leaching criteria, and has low mercury vapor pressure. In this Stabilization and solidification process, elemental mercury is combined with an excess of powdered sulfur polymer cement (SPC) and sulfide additives in a mixing vessel and heated to similar to 40 degreesC for several hours, until all of the mercury is converted into mercuric sulfide (HgS). Additional SPC is then added and the temperature of the mixture raised to 135 degreesC, resulting in a molten liquid which is poured into a mold where it cools and solidifies. The final treated waste was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and found to be a mixture of the hexagonal and orthorhombic forms of mercuric sulfide. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure was used to assess mercury releases, which for the optimized process averaged 25.8 mug/l, with some samples being well below the new EPA Universal Treatment Standard of 25 mug/l. Longer term leach tests were also conducted, indicating that the leaching process was dominated by diffusion, Values for the effective diffusion coefficient averaged 7.6x10(-18) cm(2)/S. Concentrations of mercury vapor from treated waste in equilibrium static headspace tests averaged 0.6 mg/m(3). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fuhrmann, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 327 EP 333 AR PII S0956-053X(01)00057-5 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00057-5 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 538RZ UT WOS:000174830000008 PM 11952179 ER PT J AU Korte, NE West, OR Liang, L Gu, B Zutman, JL Fernando, Q AF Korte, NE West, OR Liang, L Gu, B Zutman, JL Fernando, Q TI The effect of solvent concentration on the use of palladized-iron for the step-wise dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil extracts SO WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID RAPID DECHLORINATION AB This report describes the application of palladized iron (Pd/Fe) to the dechlorination of polychlorinted biphenyls (PCBs) at ambient temperature. Experiments supported by congener-specific analyses demonstrated that dechlorination occurs in a step-wise fashion with the meta-chlorines being more reactive than ortho-chlorines. Over the course of the laboratory experiments, complete conversion to biphenyl was observed. The process was also tested with PCBs dissolved in high (40-60%) concentrations of ethanol and isopropanol as a means of simulating solutions generated by commercial soil and solid waste extraction processes. The reaction rate was sensitive to the percentage of solvent but complete dechlorination was still indicated. Tests with soil extracts from a contaminated site demonstrated that there were no apparent interferences from asphalt and other miscellaneous debris. Short-duration tests with highly contaminated PCB solutions from a hazardous waste site demonstrated efficient dechlorination although there was a reduction in reaction rate with time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. BWXT AIMTech, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. RP Korte, NE (reprint author), 1946 Clover Court, Grand Junction, CO 81506 USA. RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 10 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-053X J9 WASTE MANAGE JI Waste Manage. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 AR PII S0956-053X(01)00050-2 DI 10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00050-2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 538RZ UT WOS:000174830000010 PM 11952181 ER PT J AU Rea, AW Lindberg, SE Scherbatskoy, T Keeler, GJ AF Rea, AW Lindberg, SE Scherbatskoy, T Keeler, GJ TI Mercury accumulation in foliage over time in two northern mixed-hardwood forests SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dry deposition; foliage; gaseous Hg(0); Lake Champlain Watershed; Lake Huron Watershed; litterfall; mercury; soil water; trace elements ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; PLANT UPTAKE; VAPOR; EXCHANGE; TRANSFORMATION; METHYLMERCURY; THROUGHFALL; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION AB Concentrations of mercury (Hg) in live foliage increased ten-fold from spring bud break (mean +/- std. dev. from both sites: 3.5 +/-1.3 ng g(-1)) to autumn litterfall (36 +/-8 ng g(-1)). Mercury in foliage did not behave similarly to eight other elements with known soil or aerosol sources (Aluminum (Al), Vanadium (V), Strontium (Sr), Rubidium (Rb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Barium (Ba), and lead (Pb)), suggesting that Hg originated from a distinct pathway. Based on measured and modeled data, uptake of only 25% of the available ambient dry deposited Hg(0) could explain all of the Hg measured in foliage throughout the growing season. Estimates of gaseous elemental Hg (Hg(0)) uptake from soil water accounted for 3-14%% of the Hg in litterfall. Mercury deposition to forested sites in the Lake Champlain and Lake Huron basins was highest in litterfall (40%), followed by total throughfall (33%), and precipitation (27%). The Hg flux in litterfall was 15.8 +/-1.9 mug m(-2) yr(-1) to the Lake Champlain Watershed in 1995 and was 11.4 +/-2.8 mug m(-2) yr(-1) to the Lake Huron Watershed in 1996. In comparison, the Hg fluxes in precipitation and total throughfall were 9.0 +/-0.6 and 11.6 +/-0.7 mug m(-2) yr(-1) in the Lake Champlain Watershed (1995), and 8.7 +/-0.5 and 10.5 +/-1.0 mug m(-2) yr(-1) in the Lake Huron Watershed (1996). C1 Univ Michigan, Air Qual Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Rea, AW (reprint author), US EPA, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Rea.Anne@epa.gov RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 36 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 8 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 67 DI 10.1023/A:1012919731598 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 496FJ UT WOS:000172385300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Lindberg, SE AF Zhang, H Lindberg, SE TI Trends in dissolved gaseous mercury in the Tahquamenon River watershed and nearshore waters of Whitefish Bay in the Michigan Upper Peninsula SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air/water exchange; aquatic ecosystem; biogeochemical cycling; heavy metal; wetlands ID FLORIDA EVERGLADES; NATURAL-WATERS; PHASE; LAKES AB A field study was conducted in June of 1998 to characterize the dynamics of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) in the Tahquamenon River watershed and nearshore waters of Whitefish Bay in the Upper Michigan Peninsula. We found that over a transect across the watershed, DGM levels increased generally from a creek (mean = similar to 12 pg L-1), passing through the watershed, to the nearshore surface waters of the bay (mean = similar to 29 pg L-1). DGM levels in nearshore surface waters of the bay ranged from similar to 15 to similar to 50 pg L-1 and peaked generally around noontime, exhibiting diurnal trends. A significant DGM decline from similar to 32 pg L-1 in the early morning to similar to 15 pg L-1 during the day was observed in these surface waters following passage of a cold front, probably caused by wind-induced mixing and decrease in solar radiation associated with the frontal passage. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 379 EP 389 DI 10.1023/A:1012919030291 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 496FJ UT WOS:000172385300025 ER PT J AU Vengosh, A Gill, J Davisson, ML Hudson, GB AF Vengosh, A Gill, J Davisson, ML Hudson, GB TI A multi-isotope (B, Sr, O, H, and C) and age dating (H-3-He-3 and C-14) study of groundwater from Salinas Valley, California: Hydrochemistry, dynamics, and contamination processes SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE coastal aquifer; salinization; geochemistry; isotope hydrology ID SACRAMENTO VALLEY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BORON; STRONTIUM; WATER; CONSTRAINTS; FRACTIONATION; ISRAEL; USA; AMS AB [1] The chemical and isotope (B-11/B-10, Sr-87/Sr-86, O-18/O-16, H-2/H, C-13/C-12, C-14, and He-3/H-3) compositions of groundwater from the upper aquifer system of the Salinas Valley in coastal central California were investigated in order to delineate the origin and processes of groundwater contamination in this complex system. The Salinas Valley has a relatively deep, confined "400-foot" aquifer, overlain by a " 180-foot" aquifer and a shallower perched aquifer, all made up of alluvial sand, gravel and clay deposits. Groundwater from the aquifers have different 14 C ages: fossil (C-14 = 21.3 percent modem carbon (pmc) for the 400-foot aquifer and modem (14 C = 72.2-98.2 pmc) for the 180-foot aquifer. Fresh groundwater in all aquifers is recharged naturally and artificially through the Salinas River. The two modes of recharge can be distinguished chemically. We identified several different saline components with distinguishable chemical and isotopic fingerprints. (1) Saltwater intrusion in the northern basin has C I concentrations up to 1700 mg/L, a Na/Cl ratio less than seawater, a marine Br/Cl ratio, a Ca/Cl ratio greater than seawater, 61113 between +17 and +38parts per thousand and Sr-87/(86) Sr between 0.7088 and 0.7096. Excess dissolved Ca, relative to the expected concentration for simple dilution of seawater, correlates with Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios, suggesting base exchange reaction with clay materials. (2) Agriculture return flow is high in NO3 and SO4, with a Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.7082, delta(11)B 19parts per thousand and delta(13)C between -23 and - 17parts per thousand. The H-3-He-3 ages (5 - 17 years) and 14 C data suggest vertical infiltration rates of irrigation water of 3 - 10 m/yr. (3) Nonmarine saline water in the southern part of the valley has high total dissolved solids up to 3800 mg/L, high SO4, Na/Cl ratio >1, delta(11)B between +24 and +30parts per thousand, and Sr-87/(86) Sr = 0.70852. This groundwater may have acquired its geochemical signature from leaching of sedimentary rocks associated with the Coast Range marine deposits of Mesozoic to early Cenozoic age. The combination of different geochemical and isotopic fingerprints enables us to delineate the impact of salt sources in different areas of the valley and to reconstruct the origin of the SO4-enriched NO3-depleted saline plume that is located west of the city of Salinas. We suggest that the latter is derived from a mixture of different natural saline waters rather than from anthropogenic contamination. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Analyt & Nucl Chem Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vengosh, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM avnerv@bgumail.bgu.ac.il NR 49 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 AR 1008 DI 10.1029/2001WR000517 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 559RT UT WOS:000176039700009 ER PT J AU McPherson, TN Burian, SJ Turin, HJ Stenstrom, MK Suffet, IH AF McPherson, TN Burian, SJ Turin, HJ Stenstrom, MK Suffet, IH TI Comparison of the pollutant loads in dry and wet weather runoff in a southern California urban watershed SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Diffuse Pollution CY JUN 10-15, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WI DE dry weather flow; heavy metals; non-point sources; nutrients; watershed management; wet weather flow AB This research compares the relative contributions of potential contaminants discharged in dry weather flow (DWF) and wet weather flow (WWF) from the highly urbanized Ballona Creek watershed (BCW) in southern California using empirical and deterministic models. These models were used to compare the loading of the following pollutants: total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, to I tal Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, copper, lead, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, and chromium. The results indicate DWF contributes approximately 10-30% of the total annual flow discharged from Ballona Creek. The annual DWF volume was fairly consistent; the variation in DWF percentage contribution was dependent on the highly variable volume of WWF. The relative contribution to the annual pollutant load varied considerably between each pollutant. In general, the DWF load was found to be significant, especially in years with lower precipitation totals. The results from this investigation have identified the relative relationship between DWF and WWF loads in the BCW and will aid in the decision-making process during the development of an integrated DWF-WWF management plan and allocation of water pollution:control funds between DWF and WWF management. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSF604, TSA4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Arkansas, Bell Engn Ctr 4190, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSJ534, EET, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McPherson, TN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MSF604, TSA4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Stenstrom, Michael/A-3177-2008; OI Stenstrom, Michael/0000-0001-6157-0718; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 EI 1996-9732 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 9 BP 255 EP 261 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 562WU UT WOS:000176222600032 PM 12079111 ER PT J AU Burian, SJ Brown, MJ McPherson, TN AF Burian, SJ Brown, MJ McPherson, TN TI Evaluation of land use/land cover datasets for urban watershed modeling SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Diffuse Pollution CY JUN 10-15, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN DE land cover; land use; nonpoint source pollution; watershed modeling ID STORMWATER AB Land use/land cover (LULC) data are a vital component for nonpoint source pollution modeling. Most watershed hydrology and pollutant loading models use, in some capacity, LULC information to generate runoff and pollutant loading estimates. Simple equation methods predict runoff and pollutant loads using runoff coefficients or pollutant export coefficients that are often correlated to LULC type. Complex models use input variables and parameters to represent watershed characteristics, and pollutant buildup and washoff rates as a function of LULC type. Whether using simple or complex models an accurate LULC dataset with an appropriate spatial resolution and level of detail is paramount for reliable predictions. The study presented in this paper compared and evaluated several LULC dataset sources for application in urban environmental modeling. The commonly used USGS LULC datasets have coarser spatial resolution and lower levels of classification than other LULC datasets. In addition, the USGS datasets do not accurately represent the land use in areas that have undergone significant land use change during the past two decades. We performed a watershed modeling analysis of three urban catchments in Los Angeles, California, USA to investigate the relative difference in average annual runoff volumes and total suspended solids (TSS) loads when using the USGS LULC dataset versus using a more detailed and current LULC dataset. When the two LULC datasets were aggregated to the same land use categories, the relative differences in predicted average annual runoff volumes and TSS loads from the three catchments were 8 to 14% and 13 to 40%, respectively. The relative differences did not have a predictable relationship with catchment size. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, D4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burian, SJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Bell Engn Ctr 4190, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 9 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 562WU UT WOS:000176222600034 PM 12079113 ER PT J AU Gautesen, AK AF Gautesen, AK TI Scattering of a Rayleigh wave by an elastic quarter space - revisited SO WAVE MOTION LA English DT Article ID WEDGE AB The steady-state problem of the scattering of an incident Rayleigh wave by a right angle corner is considered. A stable numerical procedure is developed to solve the governing equations which have been previously derived by the author. The reflection and transmission coefficients can be computed from two independent equations, which provides a check on both the accuracy and correctness of the results. The method used can be extended to other wedge angles both greater than and less than 180 degrees. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Gautesen, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, 136 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2125 J9 WAVE MOTION JI Wave Motion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0165-2125(01)00079-8 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Mechanics; Physics GA 495ZN UT WOS:000172370400006 ER PT S AU Barrett, CL Drozda, M Marathe, MV AF Barrett, CL Drozda, M Marathe, MV GP IEEE IEEE TI A comparative experimental study of media access protocols for wireless radio networks SO WCNC 2002: IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference CY MAR 17-21, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE, IEEE COMMUN SOC, CTIA ID SENSE MULTIPLE-ACCESS; PACKET; CHANNELS AB We conduct a comparative experimental analysis of three well known media access protocols: 802.11, CSMA, and MACA for wireless radio networks. Only static ad-hoc networks are considered. The experimental analysis was carried out using GloMoSim : a tool for simulating wireless networks. The main focus of experiments was to study how (i) the size of the network, (ii) number of open connections, (iii) the spatial location of individual connections, (iv) speed with which individual nodes move and (v) protocols higher up in the protocol stack (e.g. routing layer) affect the performance of the media access sublayer protocols. The performance of the protocols was measured w.r.t. four important parameters: (i) number of received packets, (ii) average latency of each packet, (iii) long term fairness and (iv) throughput. The following general qualitative conclusions were obtained; some of the conclusions reinforce the earlier claims by other researchers. 1) Typically, all protocols degrade significantly at higher packet injection rate. Moreover, the degradation often happens rather sharply. 2) In general while the performance of 802.11 was better than CSMA at lower injection rates, the performance of 802.11 is worse than that of CSMA at higher injection rate, on the other hand, CSMA assigns inequitable amount of resources; in this regard 802.11 performs quite well. 3) MACA typically was dominated either by CSMA or by 802.11 w.r.t. any of the performance measures. 4) Protocols in the higher level of the protocol stack affect the MAC layer performance. The main general implications of our work is that No single protocol dominated the other protocols across various measures of efficiency. In other words the performance of protocols depends on all of the parameters mentioned above. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1525-3511 BN 0-7803-7376-6 J9 IEEE WCNC PY 2002 BP 405 EP 411 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BU66F UT WOS:000176639900077 ER PT B AU Raybourn, EM Newman, J AF Raybourn, EM Newman, J GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI WETICE 2002 Evaluating Collaborative Enterprises workshop report SO WET ICE 2002: ELEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies - Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 2002) CY JUN 10-12, 2002 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, INST COMPLEX ENGN SYST, PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Data Engn, W Virginia Univ, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, Linkoping Univ HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, INST COMPLEX ENGN SYST AB The present paper summarizes the presentations and ensuing discussions of the participants of the third Evaluating Collaborative Enterprises workshop that was part of the 11(th) annual 2002 IEEE Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, held at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We describe the workshop's mission, introduce the five papers presented, and discuss the outcomes of Evaluating Collaborative Enterprises (ECE). Paper topics addressed the development of preliminary frameworks to guide evaluation of awareness support systems and Web accessibility, and experiences with lessons learned from specific collaborative applications that address mobile teams, multi-site distance collaboration, and group development of diagram artifacts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1748-X PY 2002 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BV34W UT WOS:000178627700001 ER PT B AU Heikoop, JM Hickmott, DD Katzman, D Longmirc, P Beers, RS AF Heikoop, JM Hickmott, DD Katzman, D Longmirc, P Beers, RS BE Nehring, KW Brauning, SE TI N-15 signals of nitrogen source and fate in a semiarid wetland SO WETLANDS AND REMEDIATION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Remediation CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP Battelle Mem Inst, Earth Tech, US Dept Def, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; PHOSPHATE AB Nitrogen isotope measurements of plants and waters are being used to identify nitrogen fluxes and transformations occurring in a natural cattail marsh in Sandia Canyon at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The marsh receives inputs of treated sewage wastewater, containing nitrate enriched in IN (delta(15)N of 32.4 parts per thousand, concentrations up to 30 mg/L). Cattails growing near the head of the primary wetland have delta(15)N values up to 37.8 parts per thousand, suggesting that sewage nitrate is their main source of nitrogen with in-situ denitrification leading to further enrichment of the wetland nitrate pool. These cattails also have lower molar C/N ratios, relative to other cattails in the system, with values around 16. These results suggest that nitrogen is both lost from the system via denitrification and stored in plant material. Cattails growing near the distal end of the wetland, in more strongly reducing sediments that potentially have higher denitrification rates, were enriched in C-13. This is due to decreased isotopic fractionation during uptake and assimilation Of CO2, resulting from partial closure of stomata under physiological redox stress. These cattails were enriched in N-15, relative to cattails growing in central portions of the wetland. Natural abundance level isotopic measurements of wetland plants and waters could provide an effective technique to identify spatial gradients in nitrogen inputs, outputs, and transformation, in both natural and constructed wetlands. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Heikoop, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-122-1 PY 2002 BP 255 EP 262 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BU29H UT WOS:000175585500031 ER PT B AU Heikoop, JM Hickmott, DD Katzman, D Longmire, P Beers, RS AF Heikoop, JM Hickmott, DD Katzman, D Longmire, P Beers, RS BE Nehring, KW Brauning, SE TI N-15 signals of nitrogen source and fate in a semiarid wetland SO WETLANDS AND REMEDIATION II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Wetlands and Remediation CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL BURLINGTON, VT SP Battelle Mem Inst, Earth Tech, US Dept Def, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc ID ESTUARINE AB Nitrogen isotope measurements of plants and waters are being used to identify nitrogen fluxes and transformations occurring in a natural cattail marsh in Sandia Canyon at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The marsh receives inputs of treated sewage wastewater, containing nitrate enriched in N-15 (delta(15)N of 32.4 parts per thousand, concentrations up to 30 mg/L). Cattails growing near the head of the primary wetland have delta(15)N values up to 37.8 parts per thousand, suggesting that sewage nitrate is their main source of nitrogen with in-situ denitrification leading to further enrichment of the wetland nitrate pool. These cattails also have lower molar C/N ratios, relative to other cattails in the system, with values around 16. These results suggest that nitrogen is both lost from the system via denitrification and stored in plant material. Cattails growing near the distal end of the wetland, in more strongly reducing sediments that potentially have higher denitrification rates, were enriched in C-13. This is due to decreased isotopic fractionation during uptake and assimilation Of CO2, resulting from partial closure of stomata under physiological redox stress. These cattails were enriched in N-15, relative to cattails growing in central portions of the wetland. Natural abundance level isotopic measurements of wetland plants and waters could provide an effective technique to identify spatial gradients in nitrogen inputs, outputs, and transformation, in both natural and constructed wetlands. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Heikoop, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; Hickmott, Donald/C-2886-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-122-1 PY 2002 BP 355 EP 362 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BU29H UT WOS:000175585500043 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Kandasamy, A Grosholz, J AF De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Kandasamy, A Grosholz, J BE James, RB Franks, LA Burger, A Westbrook, EM Durst, RD TI Advanced readout ASICs for multielement CZT detectors SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics IV/Conference on X-Ray Detectors CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE CMOS; preamplifier; low-noise; CZT; ASIC; shaper; peak detector; derandomizer ID CMOS AB A generation of high performance front-end and read-out ASICs customized for highly segmented CdZnTe sensors is presented. The ASICs, developed in a multi-year effort at Brookhaven National Laboratory, are targeted to a wide range of applications including medical, safeguards/security, industrial, research, and spectroscopy. The front-end multichannel ASICs provide high accuracy low noise preamplification and filtering of signals, with versions for small and large area CdZnTe elements. They implement a high order unipolar or bipolar shaper, an innovative low noise continuous reset system with self-adapting capability to the wide range of detector leakage currents, a new system for stabilizing the output baseline and high output driving capability. The general-purpose versions include programmable gain and peaking time. The read-out multichannel ASICs provide fully data driven high accuracy amplitude and time measurements, multiplexing and time domain derandomization of the shaped pulses. They implement a fast arbitration scheme and an array of innovative two-phase offset-free rail-to-rail analog peak detectors for buffering and absorption of input rate fluctuations, thus greatly relaxing the rate requirement on the external ADC. Pulse amplitude, hit timing, pulse risetime, and channel address per processed pulse are available at the output in correspondence of an external readout request. Prototype chips have been fabricated in 0.5 and 0.35 urn CMOS and tested. Design concepts and experimental results are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4551-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4784 BP 105 EP 118 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BW25A UT WOS:000181335000011 ER PT S AU Bell, ZW Brown, GM Ho, CH Sloop, FV AF Bell, ZW Brown, GM Ho, CH Sloop, FV BE James, RB Franks, LA Burger, A Westbrook, EM Durst, RD TI Organic scintillators for neutron detection SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics IV/Conference on X-Ray Detectors CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE organic scintillators; silicone; neutron detection; scintillation detectors ID RADIATION AB The goal of the present work has been to develop a method for the efficient and reliable production of gadolinium and boron-containing solid scintillators. Polyvinyl toluene, silicone rubber, and other materials were investigated. Gadolinium in a solid overcomes the limitations of the physical form of a liquid, and silicone rubber as a carrier for either gadolinium or boron overcomes the thermal limitations of plastics. Silicone rubbers also introduce some interesting and useful properties (such as flexibility) of their own. We report here the fabrication of solid organic scintillators loaded with as much as 2% gadolinium, and more than 5% boron. A gadolinium-containing compound, soluble in vinyl toluene monomer and not inhibiting polymerization, was found. The same compound was also found to be soluble in phenyl-substituted silicone fluids that subsequently could be polymerized. In addition, a class of boron compounds also soluble in silicone fluids and not inhibiting polymerization was found. In the absence of phosphors, the resulting boron- and gadolinium-loaded disks were clear and colorless, or only slightly yellow. The disks were compatible with UV-, blue-, blue-green, and green-emitting phosphors and a variety of colors were realized. In addition, it was found in the case of gadolinium loading, the discrete spectrum due to atomic x-rays and conversion was observable if the scintillator sample was small. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Y-12 Natl Secur Complex,BWXT Y-12,LLC,MS 8084, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sloop, Jr., Frederick/J-2301-2016 OI Sloop, Jr., Frederick/0000-0001-6473-9507 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4551-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4784 BP 150 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.451529 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BW25A UT WOS:000181335000016 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Forman, L AF Vanier, PE Forman, L BE James, RB Franks, LA Burger, A Westbrook, EM Durst, RD TI Forming images with thermal neutrons SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics IV/Conference on X-Ray Detectors CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol AB Thermal neutrons passing through air have scattering lengths of about 20 meters. At further distances, the majority of neutrons emanating from a moderated source will scatter multiple times in the air before being detected, and will not retain information about the location of the source, except that their density will fall off somewhat faster than 1/r(2). However, there remains a significant fraction of the neutrons that will travel 20 meters or more without scattering and can be used to create an image of the source. A few years ago, a proof-of-principle "camera" was demonstrated that could produce images of a scene containing sources of thermalized neutrons and could locate a source comparable in strength with an improvised nuclear device at ranges over 60. meters. The instrument makes use of a coded aperture with a uniformly redundant array of openings, analogous to those used in x-ray and gamma cameras. The detector is a position-sensitive He-3 proportional chamber, originally used for neutron diffraction. A neutron camera has many features in common with those designed for non-focusable photons, as well as some important differences. Potential applications include detecting nuclear smuggling, locating non-metallic land mines, assaying nuclear waste, and surveying for health physics purposes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4551-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4784 BP 183 EP 193 DI 10.1117/12.455693 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BW25A UT WOS:000181335000018 ER PT S AU Meier, MM AF Meier, MM BE James, RB Franks, LA Burger, A Westbrook, EM Durst, RD TI Absolute light and resolution measurements for sensitive CsI(Tl)/photodiode detectors SO X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics IV/Conference on X-Ray Detectors CY JUL 07-09, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID SCINTILLATORS; YIELD AB To conserve volume and power, photodiode/scintillator combinations are strong candidates for gamma-ray detection in space applications. High sensitivity to MeV gamma rays necessitates large-volume scintillators, which are most effectively read out with large-area photodiodes. However, because photodiodes have unity gain, the electronic noise limits resolution; and therefore small-area photodiodes that minimize capacitance are preferred. Thus, optimization of resolution involves maximizing light production and transport in the scintillator and light collection in the photodiode, while minimizing photodiode area. Measurements of performance are reported for 1x1x1 cm(3)/10x10 mm(2), 80cm(3)/18x18mm(2), and 85cm(3)/10x10mm(2) CsI(TI)/photodiode combinations. Each large scintillator was a single crystal, machined to a geometry that comprised a 40mm diameter x 50mm height cylindrical section that was extended through a 20degreesconical section to a square face that matched the respective photodiode sensitive surface. Absolute scales were estimated for the light output by measuring the photodiode responses to Am-241 (59.54keV), Co-57 (122.06 and 136.47keV), and Ba-133 (80.99keV) and assuming a value of 3.67eV/electron-hole pair. The photodiode quantum efficiencies for the CsI(TI) emission spectrum, corrected for Si reflection back into the scintillator, was taken to be 0.835. We obtained values of 58.2, 46.7, and 34.6 photons/keV for the combined light production and transport into the CsI for the 1cm(3), similar to80cm(3), and similar to85cm(3) detectors, respectively. The best measured resolutions at 662keV for the detectors were 5.9%, 7.2%, and 7.4% FWHM, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meier, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,NIS-2,MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4551-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4784 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1117/12.450821 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BW25A UT WOS:000181335000022 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Osterheld, AL Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Shlyaptsev, VN AF Dunn, J Osterheld, AL Faenov, AY Pikuz, TA Shlyaptsev, VN BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Injector-amplifier design for tabletop Ne-like X-ray lasers SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ AB We report new results using the LLNL COMET laser to evaluate the effectiveness of different target architectures to improve the output and characteristics of the transient x-ray laser scheme. Surprising observations were found when the laser line focus irradiating a single slab Cr or Fe target was divided into two or three distinct plasma column sections with millimeter scale gaps between each plasma. The Ne-like 3p S-1(0) --> 3s P-1(1) 28.5 nm and 25.5 nm x-ray laser lines, for Cr and Fe, respectively, were improved in beam divergence, by 2 - 3 times, and peak intensity, by up to one order of magnitude, when compared with a single plasma column of the same length or longer. This was contrary to expectations since these large-scale inhomogeneities introduced along the plasma, as well as attenuation from the cold plasma at the end of each section, would be detrimental to the x-ray propagation and amplification. Instead an injector-amplifier (IA) type process appears to be at work where the plasma gaps may be beneficially modifying the ray propagation and coupling through the high Ne-like ion gain regions. We present results showing the output of the amplifier stage with increasing length for the IA targets together with beam deflection and divergence measurements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400002 ER PT S AU Kuba, J Benredjem, D Moller, C Drska, L AF Kuba, J Benredjem, D Moller, C Drska, L BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Analytical ray-tracing of a transient x-ray laser: Ni-like Ag laser at 13.9 nm SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ ID BEAM OPTICS; EXCITATION; VELOCITY AB Numerical codes predict for transient x-ray lasers (XRL) very high picosecond duration gains [e.g. 1] that are restricted in space to several microns at FWHM. XRL beam propagation in plasma is vital for estimation of the effective gain at the plasma output. In this paper, beam propagation in transient plasmas is analytically studied. General 2-D formulae are developed for beams in electron density gradient media, including those with the exponential profile that describes the plasma created from a solid target. The gradient is predicted to potentially limit the amplification length within the maximum gain to <2.6 mm in standard experiments. The result given by the analytical model is confirmed by numerical ray tracing of XRL beams within an amplifying medium as it is defined by the full numerical simulation using the EHYBRID code. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kuba, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-251, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400008 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J Dunn, J Smith, RF Barbee, TW AF Nilsen, J Dunn, J Smith, RF Barbee, TW BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Modeling and imaging of the Ni-like Pd X-ray laser and other new schemes SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ AB The technique of using a nsec prepulse to create and ionize the plasma followed by a psec pulse to heat the plasma has enabled us to achieve saturated laser output for low-Z neon-like and nickel-like ions driven by small lasers with less than ten joules of energy. In this work we model recent experiments done using the COMET laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to illuminate slab targets of I'd up to 1.25 cm long with a 2 joule, 600 ps prepulse followed 700 psec later by a 6 joule, 6 psec drive pulse. The experiments measure the two-dimensional near-field and far-field laser patterns for the 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd x-ray laser line. This line has already demonstrated saturated output. The experiments are modeled using the LASNEX code to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the CRETIN code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. Using a ray tracing code to calculate the near and far-field patterns, the simulations are then compared with experiments. We also present several new schemes that we are modeling. The first scheme is Pd-like Nd that has a promising 5d-5p laser line near 24.3 nm and 5p-5s lines near 40 nm. Another potential scheme is Pt-like U with 6d-6p laser lines near 22.5 and 25.8 nm. A Nd-like U laser scheme is also considered. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400041 ER PT S AU Moon, SJ Weber, FA Celliers, PM Eder, DC AF Moon, SJ Weber, FA Celliers, PM Eder, DC BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Advances toward inner-shell photo-ionization x-ray lasing at 45 angstrom SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ ID TRANSIENT GAIN; LASER; AMPLIFICATION; EMISSION; EXCITATION; SATURATION; AMPLIFIER; PULSES AB The inner-shell photo-ionization (ISPI) scheme requires photon energies at least high enough to photo-ionize the K-shell, similar to286 eV, in the case of carbon. As a consequence of the higher cross-section, the inner-shell are "selectively" knocked out, leaving a hole state 1s(2) 2S(2) 2p(2) in the singly charged carbon ion. This generates a population inversion to the radiatively connected state 1s(2)2s(2)2p in C+, leading to gain on the 1s-2p transition at 45 Angstrom. The resonant character of the lasing transition in the single ionization state intrinsically allows much higher quantum efficiency compared to other schemes. Competing processes that deplete the population inversion include auto-ionization, Auger decay, and in particular collisional ionization of the outer-shell electrons by electrons generated during photo-ionization. These competing processes rapidly quench the gain. Consequently, the pump method must be capable of populating the inversion at a rate faster than the competing processes. This can be achieved by an ultra-fast, high intensity laser that is able to generate an ultra-fast, bright x-ray source. With current advances in the development of high-power, ultra-short pulse lasers it is possible to realize fast x-ray sources based that can deliver powerful pulses of light in the multiple hundred terawatt regime and beyond. We will discuss in greater detail concept, target design and a series of x-ray spectroscopy investigations we have conducted in order to optimize the absorber/x-ray converter - filter package. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moon, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 342 EP 348 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400053 ER PT S AU Biedron, SG AF Biedron, SG CA LEUTL Team FEL Exotica Team BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI The low-energy undulator test line: A SASE FEL operating from 660 to 130 nm SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ DE free-electron lasers; harmonic generation; frequency conversion; intense particle beams and radiation sources ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; GAIN AB There is a strong desire for short wavelength (down to 1Angstrom), short pulsewidth (<100 fs), high-brightness, transverse, and longitudinally coherent light pulses for use by the synchrotron radiation community. Much effort is ongoing worldwide to advance this desire both experimentally, in theory and design, and politically. One of the ongoing experimental efforts is the low-energy undulator test line (LEUTL) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This experiment is based upon the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process, a method to attain a next-generation light source. This presentation gives an overview concerning the history and results of next-generation light sources, the results of the LEUTL SASE FEL, and the description of the upcoming first user experiment on LEUTL. We will also briefly review exotic schemes for future, next-generation light sources based upon FELs including biharmonic undulators and the possibility of interfacing of traditional x-ray lasers with FELs. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI bartolini, riccardo/B-1021-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400055 ER PT S AU Galayda, JN AF Galayda, JN BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI The Linac Coherent Light Source SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ AB A collaboration of scientists from SLAC, UCLA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Argonne National Laboratory have proposed to build the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) facility, a free-electron laser (FEL) on the SLAC site, spanning photon energies 0.8-8 keV. The laser output will be 8-10 GW with pulse lengths 230 fsec or less. The LCLS will offer unprecedented experimental opportunities in the areas of atomic physics, chemical dynamics, plasma physics, nanoscale dynamics, and biomolecular imaging. SLAC has proposed to begin engineering design of the laser in 2003, leading to project completion in 2008. The laser produces x-rays by the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process: an intense, highly collimated pulse of 14.5 GeV electrons, traveling through a 122 m-long undulator magnet system, is induced by its own synchrotron radiation to form sub-nanometer-scale bunches. The bunching process enhances the coherence and hence the intensity of the emitted synchrotron radiation. The process is analogous to the instability of a high-gain amplifier; the "noise" signal that seeds the instability is the shot noise in the electron beam. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Galayda, JN (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 365 EP 372 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400056 ER PT S AU Attwood, D Anderson, E Denbeaux, G Goldberg, K Naulleau, P Schneider, G AF Attwood, D Anderson, E Denbeaux, G Goldberg, K Naulleau, P Schneider, G BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Soft x-ray microscopy and EUV lithography: An update on imaging at 20-40 nm spatial resolution SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ AB Major advances in both soft x-ray microscopy, at wavelengths from 0.6 to 4 mn, and EUV lithography, at wavelengths between 13 and 14 nm, are reviewed. In the XRL-2000 proceedings] we reported soft x-ray microscopy resolved to 25 mn, in static two-dimensional imaging, with applications to biology, magnetic materials, and various "wet" environmental samples. In this 2002 update we report significant extensions to three-dimensional tomographic imaging,2 dynamical studies of magnetic(3) and electronic devices,4 and static two-dimensional microscopy poised for extension to below 20 urn spatial resolution.(5) In the XRL-2000 proceedings we reported EUV lithographic imaging of 50 mn lines/100 nm spaces in static microfield (similar to100 mum) exposures. In this 2002 update we report scanned full-field (25 min by 32 mm) images at better than 100 run lines/100 mn spaces,6 static microfield exposures down to 50 run lines/50 mn spaces, and isolated lines to 39 mn wide at 0.1 NA.(7) With soon to be available 0.3 NA optics,(8) we expect to print isolated lines, in static micro exposures, at 16-20 mn width in 2003. These results will demonstrate EUV lithography's ability to meet not only the ITRS Roadmap(9) 45 run node (26 nm isolated lines in resist) in 2007, but also the 32 nm node (18 mn isolated lines in resist) in 2009, both of which the semiconductor industry is now preparing for.(10) C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Attwood, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400072 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Smith, RF Nilsen, J Nelson, AJ Van Buuren, TW Moon, SJ Hunter, JR Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Shlyaptsev, VN AF Dunn, J Smith, RF Nilsen, J Nelson, AJ Van Buuren, TW Moon, SJ Hunter, JR Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Shlyaptsev, VN BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI A picosecond 14.7 nm x-ray laser for probing matter undergoing rapid changes SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ ID TABLETOP; MICROSCOPY; EXCITATION; SURFACE; GAIN AB With laser-driven tabletop x-ray lasers now operating in the efficient saturation regime, the source characteristics of high photon flux, high monochromaticity, picosecond pulse duration, and coherence are well-matched to many applications involving the probing of matter undergoing rapid changes. We give an overview of recent experiments at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) laser using the picosecond 14.7 nm x-ray laser as a compact, ultrafast probe for surface analysis and for interferometry of laser-produced plasmas. The plasma density measurements for known laser conditions allow us to reliably and precisely benchmark hydrodynamics codes. In the former case, the x-ray laser ejects photo-electrons, from the valence band or shallow core-levels of the material, and are measured in a time-of-flight analyzer. Therefore, the electronic structure can be studied directly to determine the physical properties of materials undergoing rapid phase changes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400075 ER PT S AU Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Smith, RF Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Nilsen, J Osterheld, AL Kuba, J London, R Wootton, AJ Lee, RW Rocca, JJ Rahman, A Hammarsten, E Filevich, J Jankowska, E Marconi, MC Fornaciari, N Buchenauer, D Bender, HA Karim, S Kanouff, M Dimkoff, J Kubiak, G Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT AF Shlyaptsev, VN Dunn, J Smith, RF Moon, SJ Fournier, KB Nilsen, J Osterheld, AL Kuba, J London, R Wootton, AJ Lee, RW Rocca, JJ Rahman, A Hammarsten, E Filevich, J Jankowska, E Marconi, MC Fornaciari, N Buchenauer, D Bender, HA Karim, S Kanouff, M Dimkoff, J Kubiak, G Shimkaveg, G Silfvast, WT BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Exploring the potential of table-top x-ray lasers and capillary discharges for applications SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ ID FIELD AB The advantages of using of table top x-ray lasers (XRLs) for different applications have been described. Examples of the first successful use of XRLs, the current efforts in applying them and the potential applications where an XRL can be used in future have been discussed. Modeling results showing the possibility of 3-4 times shorter wavelength capillary discharge x-ray lasers and calculated spectrum of Xe capillary EUV source are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ILSA, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shlyaptsev, VN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ILSA, LLNL, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 528 EP 537 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400083 ER PT S AU Smith, RF Moon, S Dunn, J Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN Hunter, JR Rocca, J Filevich, J Marconi, MC AF Smith, RF Moon, S Dunn, J Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN Hunter, JR Rocca, J Filevich, J Marconi, MC BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Interferometric diagnosis of two-dimensional plasma expansion SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ ID LASER AB Recent advances in interferometry has allowed for the characterization of the electron density expansion within a laser produced plasma to within 10 mum of the target surface and over picosecond timescales. This technique employs the high brightness output of the transient gain Ni-like Pd collisional x-ray laser at 14.7 nm to construct an effective moving picture of the two-dimensional (2-D) expansion within the plasma. In this paper we present experimentally measured density profiles from an At plasma and make comparisons with 1.5-D and 2-D code simulations. The results are discussed along with an analysis of the underlying mechanisms driving the plasma expansion. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 538 EP 543 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400084 ER PT S AU Kuba, J Wootton, A Bionta, RM Shepherd, R Fill, EE Dunn, J Smith, RF Ditmire, T Dyer, G London, RA Shlyaptsev, VN Bajt, S Feit, MD Levesque, R McKernan, M Conant, RH AF Kuba, J Wootton, A Bionta, RM Shepherd, R Fill, EE Dunn, J Smith, RF Ditmire, T Dyer, G London, RA Shlyaptsev, VN Bajt, S Feit, MD Levesque, R McKernan, M Conant, RH BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI X-ray optics research for Linac coherent light source: Interaction of ultra-short x-ray pulses with matter SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ ID LASER; SILICON; DIFFRACTION; PLASMAS AB Free electron lasers operating in the 0.1 to 1.5 nm wavelength range have been proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (USA) and DESY (Germany). The unprecedented brightness and associated fluence predicted for pulses <300 fs pose new challenges for optical components. A criterion for optical component design is required, implying an understanding of x-ray - matter interactions at these extreme conditions. In our experimental effort, the extreme conditions are simulated by currently available sources ranging from optical lasers, through x-ray lasers (at 14.7 nm) down to K-alpha sources (similar to0.15 nm). In this paper we present an overview of our research program, including (a) Results from the experimental campaign at a short pulse (100 fs - 5 ps) power laser at 800 nm, (b) K-alpha experiments, and (c) Computer modeling and experimental project using a tabletop high brightness ps x-ray laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kuba, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 596 EP 601 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400094 ER PT S AU Smith, RF Hubert, S Fajardo, M Zeitoun, P Dunn, J Hunter, JR Remond, C Vanbostal, L Jaquemot, S Nilsen, J Lewis, CLS Marmoret, R AF Smith, RF Hubert, S Fajardo, M Zeitoun, P Dunn, J Hunter, JR Remond, C Vanbostal, L Jaquemot, S Nilsen, J Lewis, CLS Marmoret, R BE Rocca, JJ Dunn, J Suckewer, S TI Longitudinal coherence measurements of the transient collisional x-ray laser SO X-RAY LASERS 2002 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers CY MAY 27-31, 2002 CL ASPEN, CO SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Colorado State Univ, Princeton Univ AB The first longitudinal coherence measurement of the transient inversion collisional x-ray laser is presented. The scheme under study is the picosecond output of the Ni-like Pd x-ray laser at 14.68 nm generated by the COMET laser facility at LLNL. Interference fringes were generated using a Michelson interferometer setup in which a thin multilayer membrane was used as a beam splitter. Longitudinal coherence measurements were made for this transition by changing the length of one interferometer arm and measuring the resultant variation in fringe visibility. The nature of this dependence also allows for an estimation of the linewidth of the lasing transition to be made. Analysis indicates a linewidth of similar to0.3 pm which is a factor of four less than previous measurements on quasi-steady state x-ray laser schemes. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Smith, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012 OI Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0096-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2002 VL 641 BP 617 EP 622 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV65U UT WOS:000179669400098 ER PT S AU Assoufid, L Bray, M Qian, J Shu, DM AF Assoufid, L Bray, M Qian, J Shu, DM BE Freund, AK Macrander, AT Ishikawa, T Wood, JL TI 3-D surface profile measurements of large x-ray synchrotron radiation mirrors using stitching interferometry SO X-RAY MIRRORS, CRYSTALS, AND MULTILAYERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals and Multilayers II CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE stitching interferometry; phase measuring interferometry; long trace profiler; optical metrology; x-ray mirrors; synchrotron radiation AB Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometery, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1 murad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6 murad rms. This value is comparable to that of a conventional LTP. The measurement accuracy was mostly affected by environmental perturbations and system calibration effects. With a fully automated and improved system (to be built in the near future), we expect to achieve measurement sensitivity on the order of 0.01 murad rms or better. In this paper, after a brief review of basic principles and general technical difficulties and challenges of the stitching technique, a detailed description of the measurement setup is given and preliminary results obtained with it are analyzed and discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Assoufid, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4549-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4782 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.454816 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV95D UT WOS:000180512700003 ER PT S AU Khounsary, A Ice, GE Eng, P AF Khounsary, A Ice, GE Eng, P BE Freund, AK Macrander, AT Ishikawa, T Wood, JL TI Mirrors for nanofocusing x-ray beams SO X-RAY MIRRORS, CRYSTALS, AND MULTILAYERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals and Multilayers II CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE focusing; nanofocusing; x-ray; Kirkpatrick Baez; mirror; EUV; lithography; deterministic figuring AB Nanofocused x-ray beams provide a powerful tool for studying materials at the submicron level. One approach to achieve such a small-sized focused beam is to use a pair of mirrors, in the Kirkpatrick Baez (KB) arrangement. Each mirror focuses the beam in one direction and has an elliptical profile. To focus hard x-rays generated from high-brilliance third-generation synchrotron sources to nanometer spots, it is necessary that the mirror figure errors, defined as the deviation of the surface from the ideal ellipse, be in the submicroradian range, or about an order of magnitude smaller than those presently in use. In this paper, the advances in deterministic figuring of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography optics is discussed and is proposed as a technique for developing elliptical mirrors. Such elliptical mirrors with slope errors under 0.2 murad rms are expected to provide nanometer-focused beams at third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities. The minimum focal size will then be governed by diffraction limit rather than optics quality. An alternative approach to developing an elliptically surface is to use flat or spherical mirrors of the same surface quality, and bend or differentially coat them to attain elliptical profiles. These additional steps would be unnecessary if an elliptical profile is directly polished into the substrate. In any case, the substrate is finally coated with a thin layer (< 400 Angstrom) of a high-atomic-number metal to increase the total external reflection critical angle and thereby increase the aperture. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4549-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4782 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.455687 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV95D UT WOS:000180512700008 ER PT S AU Howells, MR Burt, P Cambie, D Duarte, R Franck, A Irick, S MacDowell, A MacGill, D Paquin, R Plate, D AF Howells, MR Burt, P Cambie, D Duarte, R Franck, A Irick, S MacDowell, A MacGill, D Paquin, R Plate, D BE Freund, AK Macrander, AT Ishikawa, T Wood, JL TI Nickel-plated invar mirrors for synchrotron-radiation beam lines SO X-RAY MIRRORS, CRYSTALS, AND MULTILAYERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals and Multilayers II CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE synchrotron radiation; x-ray; mirror; invar; electroless nickel AB We report the experience of the Advanced Light Source group in designing and building a series of nine electroless nickel-plated invar mirrors. The first four mirrors constructed appeared initially to be good but later it became evident that the nickel plating on all nine had been done improperly. The problem first appeared as blister-like defects about half a micron high and one to three centimeters wide. The cause turned out to be local separation of the plating from the substrate. In this paper we discuss the technical issues involved in building mirrors from invar and in preparing for and applying the needed electroless nickel coatings. We describe the studies that we carried out to evaluate the questions of adhesion, stress and polishability and report broad success in remanufacturing four of the mirrors. At time of writing one of the four has met specification showing good figure (0.8 mur rms) and finish (6 Angstrom rms). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Howells, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4549-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4782 BP 94 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.453759 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV95D UT WOS:000180512700011 ER PT S AU Liu, C Assoufid, L Macrander, AT Ice, GE Tischler, JZ AF Liu, C Assoufid, L Macrander, AT Ice, GE Tischler, JZ BE Freund, AK Macrander, AT Ishikawa, T Wood, JL TI Profile coating for KB mirror applications at the advanced photon source SO X-RAY MIRRORS, CRYSTALS, AND MULTILAYERS II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals and Multilayers II CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE x-ray optics; KB mirrors; microfocusing; sputter deposition; profile coating; LTP metrology; ellipsometry ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; RAY; ACCURACY AB For microfocusing x-ray mirrors, an elliptical shape is essential for aberration-free optics. However, it is difficult to polish elliptical mirrors to x-ray quality smoothness. A differential coating method to convert a cylindrical mirror to an elliptical one has been previously reported. The differential coating was obtained by varying the sputter source power over a moving substrate. Here we report a new method of profile coating to achieve the same goal more effectively. In the profile coating, the sputter source power is kept constant, while the substrate is passed over a contoured mask at a constant speed. The mask is placed very close to the substrate (within 1.0 mm) on a shield-can over the sputter gun. Four-inch-diameter Si wafers were coated through a 100-mm-long by 152-mm-wide aperture on the top of the shield-can. The thickness distribution was then obtained using a spectroscopic ellipsometer with computer-controlled X-Y translation stages. A model was developed to fit the measured thickness distribution. The relative thickness weightings are then obtained at every point 1mm apart for the entire open area of the aperture. When the substrate is moving across the shield-can during a deposition, the film thickness is directly proportional to the length of the opening on the can along the moving direction. By equating the summation of relative weighting to the required relative thickness at the same position, the length of the opening at that position can be determined. By repeating the same process for the whole length of the required profile, a contour can be obtained for a desired thickness profile. The contoured mask is then placed on the opening of the shield-can. The number of passes and the moving speed of the substrate are determined according to the required thickness and the growth-rate calibration. The mirror coating profile is determined from the difference between the ideal surface figure of a focus ellipse and the surface figure obtained from a long trace profiler measurement on the substrate. Preliminary test results using Au as a coating material are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4549-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4782 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.456298 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV95D UT WOS:000180512700012 ER PT S AU Macrander, AT Chu, Y Liu, C Mancini, D AF Macrander, AT Chu, Y Liu, C Mancini, D BE Freund, AK Macrander, AT Ishikawa, T Wood, JL TI Diffuse scattering sheets in reciprocal space corresponding to Kiessig fringes for x-ray multilayers SO X-RAY MIRRORS, CRYSTALS, AND MULTILAYERS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on X-Ray Mirrors, Crystals and Multilayers II CY JUL 10-11, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol ID INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; THIN-FILM AB Synchrotron bending magnet radiation at the Advanced Photon Source was used to measure x-ray diffuse scattering of tungsten/carbon multilayers having period of 28 Angstrom. Scattering not only near the first Bragg sheet in reciprocal space, but also near sheets corresponding to Kiessig fringes was simulated in the Born approximation. Full roughness propagation starting with the substrate was used in the simulation. We conclude that the differential equation that describes the kinetic roughening during sputtering is second order, i.e., the Langevin equation. For thermal-diffusion-related kinetic roughening either a third-or fourth-order equation should apply, and we conclude that thermal mechanisms for kinetic roughening need not be invoked. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macrander, AT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4549-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4782 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1117/12.451360 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BV95D UT WOS:000180512700026 ER PT S AU Edelstein, N AF Edelstein, N BE Kaplyanskii, AA Malkin, BZ Nikitin, SI TI Optical properties of the Cm3+ ion in single crystals SO XI FEOFILOV SYMPOSIUM ON SPECTROSCOPY OF CRYSTALS ACTIVATED BY RARE-EARTH AND TRANSITION METAL IONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Feofilov Workshop on Spectroscopy of Crystals Activated by Rare-Earth and Transition-Metal Ions CY SEP 24-28, 2001 CL KAZAN, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Sci Council Spectroscopy Atoms & Molecules, Kazan State Univ, Russian Acad Sci, EK Zavoisky Phys Techn Inst, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Opt Soc Amer, INTAS, Republ Tatarstan Fdn Sci & Engn Res, SPIE Russia Chapter DE CM3+ optical spectra; excited state absorption; fluorescent lifetimes; crystal field strength ID FIELD ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; CSCDBR3; SITE; ABSORPTION; SYMMETRY; PAIRS; LACL3; LUPO4 AB The Cm+ ion, atomic number 96, has the electronic configuration, [Rn core, 5f(7)] and is the actinide analog of the lanthanide ion Gd3+ [Xe core, 4f(7)]. The ground term has only similar to 87% S-8(7/2) parentage due to the large spin-orbit interaction as compared to the almost 100% S-8(7/2) parentage for Gd3+. The electrostatic interaction between equivalent electrons in the f(7) shell results in a large gap between the octet state (8S(7/2)) of the ground term and the sextet states (D-6(7/2), P-6(7/2), P-6(5/2), . . . .) of the excited multiplets. For Gd3+ this splitting results in a gap greater than 30,000 cm(-1). The greater spatial extent of the 5f electron shell results in a smaller electrostatic interaction between equivalent electrons in the 5f shell than in the 4f shell. Thus for Cm3+, this splitting is on the order of 16,000 cm(-1). The ground term multiplet splitting is small, (similar to 2 - 50 cm(-1)) because the largest component of the ground multiplet has zero angular momentum. However for Gd3+ in most crystals, this ground term splitting is much less than similar to 1 cm (-1). Early detailed studies of the Cm3+ optical spectra were performed with the Cm-244 isotope. During the past decade or so, multi-milligram quantities of Cm-248 (Cm-248, tau(1/2) = 3.4 x 10(-5) y) have become available. A number of single crystals (LaCl3, LuPO4, Cs2NaYCl6, CsCdBr3) have been doped with the Cm-248 isotope and optical studies of these samples have been performed using laser selective excitation and fluorescence techniques. Excited state absorption studies allowed the collection of data to 40,000 cm(-1) using two visible lasers. Results from these experiments Will be reviewed and comparisons will be made between the 5f and 4f series. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Edelstein, N (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Nat Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4533-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4766 BP 8 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.475326 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BV20T UT WOS:000178160500002 ER PT B AU Hendricks, TJ Lustbader, JA AF Hendricks, TJ Lustbader, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Advanced thermoelectric power system investigations for light-duty and heavy duty applications: Part I SO XXI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS, PROCEEDINGS ICT '02 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 02) CY AUG 25-29, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Calif Inst Technol, MIT AB The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed an integrated heat exchanger/thermoelectric power system analysis tool (in Matlab/Simulink environment) that simultaneously analyzes and optimizes the integrated effects of heat exchanger and thermoelectric power generator (TEPG) performance in light-duty-passenger (LDP) and heavy-duty (HD) vehicle waste heat recovery applications. Part I of this two-part paper describes the mathematical basis of this analysis approach as applied to TEPGs using single-material and segmented-leg thermoelectric (TE) couples. The integrated system analysis approach to heat exchanger / TEPG system performance allows NREL to simultaneously quantify the effects of important system design parameters, and heat exchanger and TEPG device design details on performance and power output in LDP and HD vehicles of interest. Part I discusses system power maximization, potential electrical power available, an cold side cooling mass flow requirements in LDP vehicle exhaust heat recovery applications. The model has been used in Part II of this technical paper to: (1) further investigate the behavior and interdependence of important thermal and TEPG system design parameters, and (2) predict potential TE system power output for a variety of thermal conditions in LDP and HD vehicles. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hendricks, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Transportat Technol & Syst, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 1633, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7683-8 PY 2002 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1109/ICT.2002.1190343 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BW38B UT WOS:000181801500093 ER PT B AU Hendricks, TJ Lustbader, JA AF Hendricks, TJ Lustbader, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Advanced thermoelectric power system investigations for light-duty and heavy duty applications: Part II SO XXI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THERMOELECTRICS, PROCEEDINGS ICT '02 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 02) CY AUG 25-29, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Calif Inst Technol, MIT AB Part II of this two-part paper leverages off the findings in Part I describing the mathematical basis and system modeling approach used in thermoelectric power generation (TEPG) investigations for waste heat recovery in light-duty passenger (LDP) and heavy-duty (HD) vehicles. The TEPG sytsem model has been used to: (1) investigate the behavior and interdependence of important thermal and TEPG design parameters, and (2) compare potential TEPG system power output for a variety of thermal conditions in LDP and HD vehicles. Integrated system modeling and analyses have been performed for: 1) LDP conditions of T-exh = 700 degreesC (973 K) and m(h), = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg/sec, and 2) HD conditions of T-exh = 512 degreesC (785 K) and m(h) = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 kg/sec. of T. Analysis results, TEPG design parameter behavior, thermoelectric (TE) material effects, and interdependence of critical thermal / TE system design parameters are discussed. Interaction of heat exchanger performance and TEPG device performance creates critical system impacts and performance dependencies, which maximize TEPG system power outputs and create preferred heat exchanger and TEPG performance regimes. Part II demonstrates the integrated system analysis approach to heat exchanger / TEPG system performance, allowing NREL to simultaneously quantify these critical system design effects in LDP and HD vehicles. HD vehicle analysis results also indicate that 5-6 kW of electrical energy production is possible using HD vehicle exhaust waste heat. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr TRansportat Technol & Syst, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hendricks, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr TRansportat Technol & Syst, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 1633, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7683-8 PY 2002 BP 387 EP 394 DI 10.1109/ICT.2002.1190344 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BW38B UT WOS:000181801500094 ER PT J AU Fitz, H Muller, BG Graudejus, O Bartlett, N AF Fitz, H Muller, BG Graudejus, O Bartlett, N TI Single crystal investigations on LiMF6 (M = Rh, Ir), Li2RhF6, and K2IrF6 SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANORGANISCHE UND ALLGEMEINE CHEMIE LA German DT Article DE rhodium; iridium; fluororhodates; fluoroiridates; crystral structure ID METAL HEXAFLUORIDES WF6; TRANSITION; DIFFRACTION; OSF6; PTF6; 2ND AB LiRhF6, LiIrF6, Li2RhF6, and K2IrF6 were obtained again, but for the first time investigated by single crystal X-ray methods. Rubyred LiRhF6 and yellow LiIrF6 crystallize isostructural in the trigonal space group R(3) over bar - C-3i(2) (Nr.148) with the lattice parameters LiRhF6: a 502.018(7) pm, c = 1355.88(3) pm, Z = 3 and d(Rh-F) = 185.5(1) pm; LiIrF6: a = 506.148(4) pm, c = 1362.60(2) pm, Z = 3, d(Ir-F) = 187.5(3) pm (LiSbF6-Typ). Yellow Li2RhF6 14 crystallizes tetragonal in the space group P4(2)/mnm - D-4h(14) (Nr.136) with a = 463.880(8) pm, c = 905.57(2) pm, Z = 2 and d(Rh-F) = 190.3(4)-191.4(3) pm (Trirutil-Typ). Yellow K2IrF6 3 crystallizes trigonal in the space group P(3$) over bar m1 - D-3d(3) (Nr.164) with a = 578.88(7) pm, c = 465.06(5) pm, Z = 1 and d(Ir-F) 194.0(6) pm, isotypic with K2GeF6. C1 Univ Giessen, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem 1, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muller, BG (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem 1, Heinrich Buff Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0044-2313 J9 Z ANORG ALLG CHEM JI Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 628 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1002/1521-3749(200201)628:1<133::AID-ZAAC133>3.0.CO;2-S PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 513TQ UT WOS:000173395800024 ER PT J AU Proffen, T Petkov, V Billinge, SJL Vogt, T AF Proffen, T Petkov, V Billinge, SJL Vogt, T TI Chemical short range order obtained from the atomic pair distribution function SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Letter ID PROGRAM; SCATTERING; DISORDER AB Many crystalline materials show chemical short range order and relaxation of neighboring atoms. Local structural information can be obtained by analyzing the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) obtained from powder diffraction data. In this paper, we present the successful extraction of chemical short range order parameters from the x-ray PDF of a quenched Cu(3)Au sample. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Proffen, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 12 MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tproffen@lanl.gov RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 18 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 2 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1524/zkri.217.2.47.20626 PG 4 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 531TA UT WOS:000174431700001 ER PT J AU Kantardjieff, K AF Kantardjieff, K TI Crystallography and crystallographers. Personal reflections on the past, the present and the future of crystallography on the occasion of the 125-year anniversary of Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Editorial Material DE macromolecular crystallography; small molecule crystallography; structural genomics; bioinformatics; structure-based drug design; crystallographic methods; crystallography education C1 Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Mol Struct, WM Keck Fdn, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kantardjieff, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Fullerton, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Mol Struct, WM Keck Fdn, 800 N State Coll Blvd, Fullerton, CA 92831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 7-8 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1524/zkri.217.7.328.23654 PG 2 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 585QJ UT WOS:000177535800050 ER PT J AU Rotella, FJ AF Rotella, FJ TI Crystallography and crystallographers. Personal reflections on the past, the present and the future of crystallography on the occasion of the 125-year anniversary of Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rotella, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 7-8 BP 363 EP 363 DI 10.1524/zkri.217.7.363.23717 PG 1 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 585QJ UT WOS:000177535800077 ER PT J AU Palosz, B Grzanka, E Gierlotka, S Stel'makh, S Pielaszek, R Bismayer, U Neuefeind, J Weber, HP Proffen, T Von Dreele, R Palosz, W AF Palosz, B Grzanka, E Gierlotka, S Stel'makh, S Pielaszek, R Bismayer, U Neuefeind, J Weber, HP Proffen, T Von Dreele, R Palosz, W TI Analysis of short and long range atomic order in nanocrystalline diamonds with application of powder diffractometry SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SMALL PARTICLES; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; SURFACE STRESS; GOLD PARTICLES; HIGH-PRESSURE; NANOPARTICLES; PALLADIUM; COPPER AB Fundamental limitations, with respect to nanocrystalline materials, of the traditional elaboration of powder diffraction data like the Rietveld method are discussed. A tentative method of the analysis of powder diffraction patterns of nanocrystals based on the examination of the variation of lattice parameters calculated from individual Bragg lines (named the "apparent lattice parameter", alp) is introduced. We examine the application of our methodology using theoretical diffraction patterns computed for models of nanocrystals with a perfect crystal lattice and for grains with a two-phase, core-shell structure. We use the method for the analysis of X-ray and neutron experimental diffraction data of nanocrystalline diamond powders of 4, 6 and 12 nm in diameter. The effects of an internal pressure and strain at the grain surface are discussed. The results are based on the dependence of the alp values on the diffraction vector Q and on the PDF analysis. It is shown, that the experimental results lend a strong support to the concept of a two-phase structure of nanocrystalline diamond. C1 Polish Acad Sci, UNIPRESS, High Pressure Res Ctr, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, SNBL, F-38043 Grenoble, France. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Mineral Petrog Inst, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Polish Acad Sci, UNIPRESS, High Pressure Res Ctr, Ul Sokolowska 29-37, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. EM PALOSZ@unipress.waw.pl RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 52 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 10 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1524/zkri.217.10.497.20795 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 623XL UT WOS:000179728100001 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z Nagem, RAP AF Dauter, Z Nagem, RAP TI Direct way to anomalous scatterers SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY DATA; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; POSITION; SULFUR AB The first step in solving macromolecular crystal structures by multi- or single-wavelength anomalous diffraction methods is the location of the anomalous scatterers. This can be done by direct methods, using either Bijvoet differences within the single data set, or anomalous scattering amplitudes estimated from measurements at several wavelengths. The calculations suggest that Bijvoet differences are equally successful for this purpose as anomalous amplitudes, F(A), which theoretically should be more suitable. The calculation of F(A) values is susceptible to the accumulation of errors contained in the individual intensity measurements at several wavelengths and in the inaccurate estimation of the anomalous atomic scattering corrections, f' and f". Direct methods often give better results at resolution lower than the full extent of the diffraction data limit. This may be attributed to the enhanced accuracy of measurements of the strong, low resolution reflections and to more effective phase refinement and propagation through Sigma(2) relations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, CBME, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Bldg 725A-X9, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dauter@bnl.gov RI Nagem, Ronaldo/K-3995-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 12 BP 694 EP 702 DI 10.1524/zkri.217.12.694.20654 PG 9 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 650WD UT WOS:000181285600009 ER PT J AU Bryan, JC Gakh, AA Sachleben, RA Hay, BP AF Bryan, JC Gakh, AA Sachleben, RA Hay, BP TI Refinement of the crystal structure of (9,10-triptyceno)-25-crown-7, C34H40O7 measured at 173 K SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE-NEW CRYSTAL STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB C34H40O7, monoclinic, P12(1)/n1(No. 14), a = 12.115(2) Angstrom, b = 15.747(1)Angstrom, c = 15.225(2) Angstrom, beta = 97.642(7)degrees,V= 2878.8Angstrom(3), Z = 4, R-gt(F) = 0.046, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0. 126, T = 173 K. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US House Representatives, Comm Sci, Energy Subcomm, Washington, DC 20515 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bryan, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1433-7266 J9 Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST JI Z. Krist.-New Cryst. Struct. PY 2002 VL 217 IS 2 BP 225 EP 227 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 573JP UT WOS:000176826500035 ER PT J AU Gobel, U Forst, CV AF Gobel, U Forst, CV TI RNA pathfinder - Global properties of neutral networks SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE genotype-phenotype map; local connectivity; neutral networks neutral walks; random graphs; RNA secondary structures ID SEQUENCE STRUCTURE MAPS; EXHAUSTIVE ENUMERATION AB Global properties of the genotype-phenotype map induced by RNA secondary structures can be described by random graph theory. The success of this approach depends on details of the respective secondary structure. A small selection of these dependencies, such as stem length, free energy and well-definedness, are analyzed in this paper. In addition, we present an algorithm, which, given a network that complies to a random graph model, provides estimates whether the network is connected or not. The algorithm is linear in time and in the sequence length, local connectivity provided, which is a graph property of the random graph model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem Ecol, Dept Genet & Evolut, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Forst, CV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mailstop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 216 BP 175 EP 192 DI 10.1524/zpch.2002.216.2.175 PN 2 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 535PH UT WOS:000174652500004 ER PT J AU Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM AF Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM TI Towards a calculus of biological networks SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sequential dynamical systems; graph morphisms; phase space embedding ID SIMULATION; ELEMENTS AB In this paper we present a new framework for studying the dynamics of biological networks. A specific class of dynamical systems, Sequential Dynamical Systems (SDS), is introduced. These systems allow one to investigate the interplay between structural properties of the network and its phase space. We will show in detail how to find a reduced system that captures key features of a given system. This reduction is based on a special graph-theoretic relation between the two networks. We will study the reduction of SIDS over n-cubes in detail and we will present several examples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mortveit, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, D-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2002 VL 216 BP 235 EP 247 DI 10.1524/zpch.2002.216.2.235 PN 2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 535PH UT WOS:000174652500007 ER PT S AU Chung, HM Daum, RS Hiller, JM Billone, MC AF Chung, HM Daum, RS Hiller, JM Billone, MC BE Moan, GD Rudling, P TI Characteristics of hydride precipitation and reorientation in spent-fuel cladding SO ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY: THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry CY JUN 10-14, 2001 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm B 10 React & Refract Met & Alloys DE spent-fuel cladding; radial and tangential hydrides; macroscopic and microscopic hydrides; habit plane; texture; (c)-type dislocations ID HIGH BURNUP AB Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine Zircaloy fuel cladding, either discharged from several PWRs and a BWR after irradiation to fluence levels of 3.3 to 8.6 X 10(21) n cm(-2) (E > 1 MeV) or hydrogen-charged and heat-treated under stress to produce radial hydrides; the goal was to determine the microstructural and crystallographic characteristics of hydride precipitation. Morphologies, distributions, and habit planes of various types of hydrides were determined by stereo-TEM. In addition to the normal macroscopic hydrides commonly observed by optical microscopy, small "microscopic" hydrides are present in spent-fuel cladding in number densities at least a few orders of magnitude greater than that of macroscopic hydrides. The microscopic hydrides, observed to be stable at least up to 333degreesC, precipitate in association with [c]-type dislocations. While the habit plane of macroscopic tangential hydrides in the spent-fuel cladding is essentially the same as that of unirradiated unstressed Zircaloys, i.e., the {107}(Zr) plane, the habit plane of tangential hydrides that precipitate under high tangential stress is the {104}(Zr) plane. The habit plane of radial hydrides that precipitate under tangential stress is the {011}(Zr) pyramidal plane, a naturally preferred plane for a cladding that has 30degrees basal-pole texture. Effects of texture on the habit plane and the threshold stress for hydride reorientation are also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chung, HM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2895-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1423 BP 561 EP 580 DI 10.1520/STP11406S PG 20 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV94Z UT WOS:000180503800027 ER PT S AU Daum, RS Majumdar, S Bates, DW Motta, AT Koss, DA Billone, MC AF Daum, RS Majumdar, S Bates, DW Motta, AT Koss, DA Billone, MC BE Moan, GD Rudling, P TI On the embrittlernent of Zircaloy-4 under RIA-relevant conditions SO ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY: THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry CY JUN 10-14, 2001 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm B 10 React & Refract Met & Alloys DE mechanical properties; ring stretch specimens; Zircaloy-4 cladding; hydrides; hydride rim; stress-state; fracture strain ID STRAIN AB The extended use of Zircaloy cladding in light water reactors degrades its mechanical properties by a combination of irradiation embrittlement, coolant-side oxidation, hydrogen pickup, and hydride formation. The hydrides are usually concentrated in the form of a dense layer or rim near the cooler outer surface of the cladding. Utilizing plane-strain ring-stretch tests to approximate the loading path in a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) transient, we examined the influence of a hydride rim on the fracture behavior of unirradiated Zircaloy-4 cladding at room temperature and 300degreesC. Failure is sensitive to hydride-rim thickness such that cladding tubes with a hydride-rim thickness >100 mum (approximate to700 wppm total hydrogen) exhibit brittle behavior, while those with a thickness <90 mum (approximate to600 wppm) remain ductile. The mechanism of failure is identified as strain-induced crack initiation within the hydride rim and failure within the uncracked ligament due to either a shear instability or damage-induced fracture. We also report some preliminary results of the uniaxial tensile behavior of low-Sn Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes in a cold-worked, stress-relieved condition in the transverse (hoop) direction at strain rates of 0.001/s and 0.2/s and temperatures of 26 to 400degreesC. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2895-9 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2002 VL 1423 BP 702 EP 718 DI 10.1520/STP11412S PG 17 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV94Z UT WOS:000180503800033 ER PT J AU Stalder, KR Woloszko, J Brown, IG Smith, CD AF Stalder, KR Woloszko, J Brown, IG Smith, CD TI Repetitive plasma discharges in saline solutions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We describe some observations of plasma formation in aqueous electrolyte solutions (containing either sodium chloride or barium chloride), using a small planar electrode configuration driven by a repetitive bipolar voltage source. Plasma pulses of a few microseconds duration were established by a 100 kHz square wave of a few hundred volts peak to peak, drawing a current during the plasma period of several hundred milliamperes. Spectral measurements show the presence of strong ion lines, confirming that plasma is formed in the liquid. The process produces chemical radicals such as OH and, when placed in proximity to biological tissue, causes biological material volumetric removal, opening possibilities for new kinds of plasma-driven electrosurgery such as tissue debulking or cutting. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stalder Technol & Res, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. ArthroCare Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CD Smith Consulting, Mt View, CA 94043 USA. RP Stalder, KR (reprint author), Stalder Technol & Res, POB 7193, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. NR 12 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 27 BP 4503 EP 4505 DI 10.1063/1.1429752 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 504AV UT WOS:000172835400009 ER PT J AU Ohmori, M Ikeuchi, M Sato, N Wolk, P Kaneko, T Ogawa, T Kanehisa, M Goto, S Kawashima, S Okamoto, S Yoshimura, H Katoh, H Fujisawa, T Ehira, S Kamei, A Yoshihara, S Narikawa, R Tabata, S AF Ohmori, M Ikeuchi, M Sato, N Wolk, P Kaneko, T Ogawa, T Kanehisa, M Goto, S Kawashima, S Okamoto, S Yoshimura, H Katoh, H Fujisawa, T Ehira, S Kamei, A Yoshihara, S Narikawa, R Tabata, S TI Characterization of genes encoding multi-domain proteins in the genome of the filamentous nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacterium anabaena sp strain PCC 7120 SO DNA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GAF domain; multi-domain protein; PAS domain; photoreceptor domain; protein kinase; two-component system ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; KINASES; RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION; DATABASE; SEQUENCE; PCC-7120; FAMILY; LIGHT; SUPERFAMILY AB Computational analysis of gene structures in the genome of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 revealed the presence of a large number of genes encoding proteins with multiple functional domains. This was most evident in the genes for signal transduction pathway and the related systems. Comparison of the putative amino acid sequences of the gene products with those in the Pfam database indicated that GAF and PAS domains which may be involved in signal recognition were extremely abundant in Anabaena: 87 GAF domains in 62 ORFs and 140 PAS domains in 59 ORFs. As for the two-component signal transduction system, 73, 53, and 77 genes for simple sensory His kinases, hybrid His kinases and simple response regulators, respectively, many of which contained additional domains of diverse functions, were presumptively assigned. A total of 52 ORFs encoding putative Hanks-type Ser/Thr protein kinases with various domains such as WD-repeat, GAF and His kinase domains, as well as genes for presumptive protein phosphatases, were also identified. In addition, genes for putative transcription factors and for proteins in the cAMP signal transduction system harbored complex gene structures with multiple domains. C1 Kazusa DNA Res Inst, Chiba 2920812, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Life Sci Biol, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Saitama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Saitama, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Michigan State Univ, MSU, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Nagoya Univ, Biosci Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Tabata, S (reprint author), Kazusa DNA Res Inst, 1532-3 Yana, Chiba 2920812, Japan. NR 48 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS INC PI TOKYO PA ORDER DEPT., C P O BOX 235, TOKYO, 100-8691, JAPAN SN 1340-2838 J9 DNA RES JI DNA Res. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1093/dnares/8.6.271 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 523BX UT WOS:000173932400003 PM 11858227 ER PT J AU Mullins, SM Duncan, AP Bergman, RG Arnold, J AF Mullins, SM Duncan, AP Bergman, RG Arnold, J TI Reactivity of a titanium dinitrogen complex supported by guanidinate ligands: Investigation of solution behavior and a novel rearrangement of guanidinate ligands SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TRANSITION-METALS; SOLID-STATE; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ANCILLARY LIGANDS; ALKYL COMPLEXES; IMIDO COMPLEXES; ANIONS; RUTHENIUM; SOLVENT AB The titanium dinitrogen complex, {[(Me2N)C((NPr)-Pr-i)(2)] Ti-2}(2)(N-2) (2), was synthesized by reduction of the dichloride precursor, [(Me2N)C((NPr)-Pr-i)(2)] 2TiCl2 (1). The dinitrogen complex reacts with phenyl azide to yield the titanium imido complex, [(Me2N)C(NiPr)(2)](2)TiNPh (3). The fluxional behavior of the guanidinate ligands in Compounds 1-3 was investigated using variable temperature and two-dimensional NMR technique.,,: guanidinate ligand rotation and racemization reactions were observed. Rearrangement of die guanidinate ligand to an asymmetrical bonding mode utilizing the dimethylamino and amide-nitrogen atoms is observed in the bridging oxo and sulfido derivatives (4 and 5). These compounds are formed by the reactions of 2 with pyridine N-oxide and propylene sulfide, respectively. The ligand rearrangement was observed to be reversible fur the bridging sulfido complex 5; the structure of this compound is sensitive to temperature and solvent. The solid-state and solution Structures of compounds 1-5 are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr New Direct Organ Synth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 56 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 27 BP 6952 EP 6963 DI 10.1021/ic010631+ PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 507AD UT WOS:000173003200017 PM 11754277 ER PT J AU Klem, MT Vaughey, JT Harp, JG Corbett, JD AF Klem, MT Vaughey, JT Harp, JG Corbett, JD TI A(3)Tt(5) phases Sr3Sn5, Ba3Pb5, and La3Sn5. Structure and bonding in a series of isotypic metallic compounds with increased electron count and their comparison with the nominal Zintl phase La3In5 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS AB A series of compounds that contain square pyramidal Tt(5) polyanions of tin and lead has been obtained in alkaline-earth or rare-earth metal-tetrel systems by direct fusion of the elements at 570 degreesC (Sr3Sn5), 1000 degreesC (Ba3Pb5), or 1300 degreesC (La3Sn5) followed by slow cooling or annealing. The crystal Structures for all three have been refined in the Pu3Pd5 structure type (orthorhombic, Cmcm, Z = 4) with cell dimensions of a = 10.644(2), 11.154(7), and 10.352(5) Angstrom, b = 8.588(1), 9.049(7), and 8.290(6) Angstrom, and c = 10.895(2), 11.370(5), and 10.652(5) Angstrom for Sr3Sn5, Ba3Pb5, and La3Sn5, respectively. Square pyramidal clusters of the tetrel elements axe weakly interlinked into chains via two types of longer intercluster interactions that are mediated by bridging cations and substantially influenced by cation size and the free electron count. The new compounds are all metallic (rho (295) similar to 10 (Sr3Sn5) to similar to 25 (La3Sn5) mu Omega (.)cm), in agreement with simple valence considerations that predict two and five extra electrons per formula unit, respectively, beyond that necessary for closed-shell nido-Tt(5)(4-) anions, Extended Huckel tight-binding calculations on the new compounds as well as on La3In5 reveal that bonding in the regions below and around the Fermi energies are dominated by general cation-anion interactions, that is, lattice covalency. Closed-shell bonding features for the classical Sn-5(4-), In-5(9-), etc. ions are also obvious but subsidiary to the heteroatomic interactions with the cations. The intercluster contacts are relatively unimportant in bonding. C1 Iowa State Univ, DOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, DOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 27 BP 7020 EP 7026 DI 10.1021/ic010804v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 507AD UT WOS:000173003200025 PM 11754285 ER PT J AU Eskola, KJ Kolhinen, VJ Vogt, R AF Eskola, KJ Kolhinen, VJ Vogt, R TI Obtaining the nuclear gluon distribution from heavy quark decays to lepton pairs in pA collisions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGHER-TWIST; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; LIBRARY; ENERGY; RATIO; QCD AB We have studied how lepton pairs from decays of heavy-flavoured mesons produced in pA collisions can be used to determine the modifications of the gluon distribution in the nucleus. Since heavy-quark production is dominated by the gg channel, the ratio of correlated lepton pair cross sections from D(D)over bar and B(B)over bar decays in pA and pp collisions directly reflects the ratio R-g(A) drop f(g)(A). We have numerically calculated the lepton-pair cross sections from these decays in pp and pA collisions at SPS, RHIC and LHC energies. We find that ratio of the pA to pp cross sections agrees quite well with the input R-g(A). Thus, sufficiently accurate measurements could be used to determine the nuclear modification of the gluon distribution over a greater range of x and Q(2) than presently available, putting strong constraints on models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kolhinen, VJ (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, POB 35, FIN-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 696 IS 3-4 BP 729 EP 746 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01221-0 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 497TK UT WOS:000172471400025 ER PT J AU Wang, XN Guo, XF AF Wang, XN Guo, XF TI Multiple parton scattering in nuclei: parton energy loss SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; HADRONIC SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS; MATTER; QCD; PHOTOPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS; QUARKS AB Multiple parton scattering and induced parton energy loss are studied in deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) off nuclei. The effect of multiple scattering of a highly off-shell quark and the induced parton energy loss is expressed in terms of the modification to the quark fragmentation functions. We derive such modified quark fragmentation functions and their QCD evolution equations in DIS using the generalized factorization of higher twist parton distributions. We consider double-hard and hard-soft parton scattering as well as their interferences in the same framework. The final result, which depends on both the diagonal and off-diagonal twist-four parton distributions in nuclei, demonstrates clearly the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal interference features and predicts a unique nuclear modification of the quark fragmentation functions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Mailstop 70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 39 TC 330 Z9 332 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 696 IS 3-4 BP 788 EP 832 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01130-7 PG 45 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 497TK UT WOS:000172471400028 ER PT J AU Back, CA Grun, J Decker, C Suter, LJ Davis, J Landen, OL Wallace, R Hsing, WW Laming, JM Feldman, U Miller, MC Wuest, C AF Back, CA Grun, J Decker, C Suter, LJ Davis, J Landen, OL Wallace, R Hsing, WW Laming, JM Feldman, U Miller, MC Wuest, C TI Efficient multi-keV underdense laser-produced plasma radiators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTION; SCATTERING; ABLATION; EMISSION; DENSITY AB Novel, efficient x-ray sources have been created by supersonically heating a large volume of Xe gas. A laser-induced bleaching wave quickly ionizes the high-Z gas, and the resulting plasma emits x rays. This method significantly improves the production of hard x rays because less energy is lost to kinetic energy and sub-keV x rays. The conversion efficiency of laser energy into L-shell radiation between 4-7 keV is measured at similar to 10%, an order of magnitude higher than efficiencies measured from solid disk targets. This higher flux enables material testing and backlighting in new regimes and scales well to future high-powered lasers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Back, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-21,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 275003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.275003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800028 PM 11800887 ER PT J AU Berdoz, AR Birchall, J Bland, JB Bowman, JD Campbell, JR Coombes, GH Davis, CA Green, AA Green, PW Hamian, AA Helmer, R Kadantsev, S Kuznetsov, Y Lee, L Levy, CDP Mischke, RE Page, SA Ramsay, WD Reitzner, SD Ries, T Roy, G Sekulovich, AM Soukup, J Stinson, GM Stocki, TJ Sum, V Titov, NA van Oers, WTH Woo, RJ Zadorozny, S Zelenski, AN AF Berdoz, AR Birchall, J Bland, JB Bowman, JD Campbell, JR Coombes, GH Davis, CA Green, AA Green, PW Hamian, AA Helmer, R Kadantsev, S Kuznetsov, Y Lee, L Levy, CDP Mischke, RE Page, SA Ramsay, WD Reitzner, SD Ries, T Roy, G Sekulovich, AM Soukup, J Stinson, GM Stocki, TJ Sum, V Titov, NA van Oers, WTH Woo, RJ Zadorozny, S Zelenski, AN CA TRIUMF E497 Collaboration TI Parity violation in proton-proton scattering at 221 MeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The parity-violating longitudinal analyzing power, A(z), has been measured in (p) over right arrowp elastic scattering at an incident proton energy of 221 MeV. The result obtained is A(z) = [0.84 +/- 0.29(stat) +/- 0.17(syst)] X 10(-7). This experiment is unique in that it selects a single parity violating transition amplitude (P-3(2) - D-1(2)) and consequently directly constrains the weak meson-nucleon coupling constant h(rho)(pp). When this result is taken together with the existing (p) over right arrowp parity violation data, the weak meson-nucleon coupling constants h(rho)(pp) and h(omega)(pp) can, for the first time, both be determined. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Alberta, Ctr subatom Res, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N5, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117334 Moscow, Russia. RP Berdoz, AR (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 272301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.272301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800014 PM 11800873 ER PT J AU Gehring, PM Wakimoto, S Ye, ZG Shirane, G AF Gehring, PM Wakimoto, S Ye, ZG Shirane, G TI Soft mode dynamics above and below the burns temperature in the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLASSY POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE AB We report neutron inelastic scattering measurements of the lowest-energy transverse optic (TO) phonon branch in the relaxor Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 from 400 to 1100 K. Far above the Bums temperature T(d)similar to 620 K we observe well-defined propagating TO modes at all wave vectors q, and a zone center TO mode that softens in a manner consistent with that of a ferroelectric soft mode. Below T-d the zone center TO mode is overdamped. This damping extends up to, but not above, the waterfall wave vector q(wf), which is a measure of the average size of the polar nanoregions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Gehring, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 15 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 277601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.277601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800055 PM 11800914 ER PT J AU Hart, GLW Zunger, A AF Hart, GLW Zunger, A TI Origins of nonstoichiometry and vacancy ordering in Sc1-x square S-x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL SULFIDES; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; SYSTEMS AB Whereas nearly all compounds A(n)B(m) obey Dalton's rule of integer stoichiometry (n:m, both integer), there is a class of systems, exemplified by the rocksalt structure Sc(1-x)square S-x, that exhibits large deviations from stoichiometry via vacancies, even at low temperatures. By combining first-principles total energy calculations with lattice statistical mechanics, we scan an astronomical number of possible structures, identifying the stable ground states. Surprisingly, all have the same motifs: (111) planes with (112) vacancy rows arranged in (110) columns. Electronic structure calculations of the ground states (identified out of similar to3 x 10(6) structures) reveal the remarkable origins of nonstoichiometry. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hart, GLW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Hart, Gus L. W./0000-0002-6149-9234 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 275508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.275508 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800038 PM 11800897 ER PT J AU Held, K McMahan, AK Scalettar, RT AF Held, K McMahan, AK Scalettar, RT TI Cerium volume collapse: Results from the merger of dynamical mean-field theory and local density approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAMMA->ALPHA TRANSITION; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; CORRELATED SYSTEMS; MOTT TRANSITION; MODEL; CE; SPECTRA; HUBBARD AB The merger of density-functional theory in the local density approximation and many-body dynamical mean-field theory allows for an ab initio calculation of Ce including the inherent 4f electronic correlations. We solve the equations by the quantum Monte Carlo technique and calculate the Ce energy, spectrum, and double occupancy as a function of volume. At low temperatures, the correlation energy exhibits an anomalous region of negative curvature which drives the system towards a thermodynamic instability, i.e., the gamma -to-alpha volume collapse, consistent with experiment. The connection of the energetic with the spectral evolution shows that the physical origin of the energy anomaly and, thus, the volume collapse is the appearance of a quasiparticle resonance in the 4f-spectrum which is accompanied by a rapid growth in the double occupancy. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Held, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Held, Karsten/O-4178-2015 OI Held, Karsten/0000-0001-5984-8549 NR 32 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 276404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.276404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800043 PM 11800902 ER PT J AU Militzer, B Ceperley, DM Kress, JD Johnson, JD Collins, LA Mazevet, S AF Militzer, B Ceperley, DM Kress, JD Johnson, JD Collins, LA Mazevet, S TI Calculation of a deuterium double shock Hugoniot from ab initio simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; GPA 1-6 MBAR; DENSE HYDROGEN; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSITION; METALS; WARM AB We calculate the equation of state of dense deuterium with two ab initio simulation techniques, path integral Monte Carlo and density functional theory molecular dynamics, in the density range of 0.67 less than or equal to rho less than or equal to 1.60 g cm(-3). We derive the double shock Hugoniot and compare with the recent laser-driven double shock wave experiments by Mostovych et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3870 (2000)]. We find excellent agreement between the two types of microscopic simulations, but a significant discrepancy with the laser-driven shock measurements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Militzer, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Ceperley, David/A-6858-2008 NR 27 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 275502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.275502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800032 PM 11800891 ER PT J AU Mintairov, AM Kosel, TH Merz, JL Blagnov, PA Vlasov, AS Ustinov, VM Cook, RE AF Mintairov, AM Kosel, TH Merz, JL Blagnov, PA Vlasov, AS Ustinov, VM Cook, RE TI Near-field magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy of composition fluctuations in InGaAsN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INAS QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; SHIFTS; STATES; ALLOYS AB The localization of excitons on quantum-dot-like compositional fluctuations has been observed in temperature-dependent near-field magnetophotoluminescence spectra of InGa-AsN. Localization is driven by the giant bowing parameter of these alloys and manifests itself by the appearance of ultranarrow lines (half-width <1 meV) at temperatures below 70 K. We show how near-field optical scanning microscopy can be used for the estimation of the size, density, and nitrogen excess of individual compositional fluctuations (clusters), thus revealing random versus phase-separation effects in the distribution of nitrogen. C1 Univ Notre Dame, EE Dept, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mintairov, AM (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, EE Dept, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Vlasov, Alexey/B-1129-2014; Ustinov, Viktor/J-3545-2013 NR 27 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 277401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.277401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800054 PM 11800913 ER PT J AU Tu, JJ Carr, GL Perebeinos, V Homes, CC Strongin, M Allen, RB Kang, WN Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI AF Tu, JJ Carr, GL Perebeinos, V Homes, CC Strongin, M Allen, RB Kang, WN Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI TI Optical properties of c-axis oriented superconducting MgB2 films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Temperature dependent optical conductivities and dc resistivity of c-axis oriented superconducting (T-c = 39.6 K) X1,02 films (similar to 450 mn) have been measured. The normal state ab-plane optical conductivities can be described by the Drude model with a temperature independent Drude plasma frequency of omega (p,D) = 13 600 +/- 100 cm(-1) or 1.68 +/-0.01 eV. The normal state resistivity is fitted by the Bloch-Gruneisen formula with an electron-phonon coupling constant lambda (tr) = 0.13 +/-0.02. The optical conductivity spectra below T-c of these films suggest that MgB2 is a multigap superconductor. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Superconduct, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Tu, JJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 35 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 27 AR 277001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.277001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 507RE UT WOS:000173040800049 PM 11800908 ER PT J AU Hermann, AM Gonzalez, C Ramakrishnan, PA Balzar, D Popa, N Rice, P Marshall, CH Hilfiker, JN Tiwald, T Sebastian, PJ Calixto, ME Bhattacharya, RN AF Hermann, AM Gonzalez, C Ramakrishnan, PA Balzar, D Popa, N Rice, P Marshall, CH Hilfiker, JN Tiwald, T Sebastian, PJ Calixto, ME Bhattacharya, RN TI Fundamental studies on large area Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 films for high efficiency solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE thin films; photovoltaic cells; copper-indium gallium selenide; sputtering; physical vapor deposition; electrodeposition; Rietveld analysis; microstructure; spectroscopic ellipsometry AB This work reports the growth and characterization of thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS), which were grown by sequential sputtering, electrodeposition, and physical vapor deposition. Photovoltaic cells have been fabricated using these films with CdS heterojunction partners and the performance has been characterized. The effect of annealing conditions (temperature and duration) on the CIGS film microstructure and corresponding device performance has been investigated. Structure-property correlations were made using diffraction studies and Rietveld analysis. SEM studies were carried out to understand the effect of microstructure of the CIGS films on the solar cell efficiency. Cell efficiencies in excess of 10% have been achieved by using optimized annealing conditions. In addition, the optical properties of the sputtered CIGS films were characterized using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and sputtered CIGS films were found to have optimum band gap. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lockheed Martin Astronaut, Denver, CO 80201 USA. JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CIE, Solar Mat Dept, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico. Natl Renewable Energy Labs, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hermann, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Campus Box 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM allen.hermann@colorado.edu RI Popa, Nicolae/B-8182-2011; OI Calixto, Ma. Estela/0000-0002-9611-3346 NR 12 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 70 IS 3 BP 345 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00076-9 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 478TQ UT WOS:000171361800011 ER PT J AU Mathew, X Arizmendi, JR Campos, J Sebastian, PJ Mathews, NR Jimenez, CR Jimenez, MG Silva-Gonzalez, R Hernandez-Torres, ME Dhere, R AF Mathew, X Arizmendi, JR Campos, J Sebastian, PJ Mathews, NR Jimenez, CR Jimenez, MG Silva-Gonzalez, R Hernandez-Torres, ME Dhere, R TI Shallow levels in the band gap of CdTe films deposited on metallic substrates SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE CdTe; electrodeposition; close space sublimation; PICTS; photoluminescence; Schottky devices ID TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRODEPOSITED CDTE; PHOTO-LUMINESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALS; SPECTRUM AB CdTe thin films were developed on flexible metallic substrates using close spaced sublimation and electrodeposition techniques. The films were nearly stiochiometric, highly uniform and exhibit good crystallinity. The films were characterized using XRD, SEM and AUGER. The shallow levels in the band gap of CdTe were determined using photoluminescence and photoinduced current transient spectroscopy. The photoluminescence studies revealed a defect dominated CdTe surface. The two lines detected at 1.587 and 1.589eV at 15 K are assigned to the donor levels associated with Cl at the Te sites. The additional features observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the CdCl(2) treated films revealed that the CdCl(2) treatment improves the quality of the films and the close space sublimated films are better than the electrodeposited films. The photoinduced current transient spectroscopic technique was effectively used to identify the electron and hole traps. Two shallow levels with activation energy 0.056 and 0.13 eV were detected and assigned to electron and hole traps, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Energia, Solar Mat Dept, Solar Hydrogen Fuel Cell Grp, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Puebla 72570, Mexico. NREL, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mathew, X (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Energia, Solar Mat Dept, Solar Hydrogen Fuel Cell Grp, Temixco 62580, Morelos, Mexico. EM xm@mazatl.cie.unam.mx NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD DEC 31 PY 2001 VL 70 IS 3 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00079-4 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 478TQ UT WOS:000171361800014 ER PT J AU Webb, D Moller-Holst, S AF Webb, D Moller-Holst, S TI Measuring individual cell voltages in fuel cell stacks SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; stacks; voltage measurement; multiplexer ID ELECTRODES AB The requirements for stack monitoring devices are becoming more strict as the fuel cell and battery technologies reach an advanced stage of development and move towards commercialisation. Different applications put restraints on such devices when it comes to cost, weight and size. No commercial products can meet the requirements with respect to both cost and performance. Individual cell voltage measurements are crucial to protect the fuel cell stack and ensure maximum stack lifetime. Different concepts for measuring individual cell voltages in large fuel cell stacks or battery stacks and their potential accuracy are discussed. A novel low cost, lightweight and compact multiplexer circuit was implemented based on a resistor-diode circuit. Based on this circuit a prototype 80-channel multiplexer device was built and tested on a fuel cell stack with satisfactory speed and accuracy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller-Holst, S (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Technol & Electrochem, Sem Saelandvei 6, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 30 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00831-X PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 499XZ UT WOS:000172597200007 ER PT J AU Zaghib, K Brochu, F Guerfi, A Kinoshita, K AF Zaghib, K Brochu, F Guerfi, A Kinoshita, K TI Effect of particle size on lithium intercalation rates in natural graphite SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium intercalation; natural graphite; particle size ID CARBON ANODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERIES; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; ELECTRODE; PERFORMANCE; DISCHARGE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; REDUCTION; DIFFUSION AB The intercalation rate of Li+-ions in flake natural graphite with particle size that ranged from 2 to 40 mum was investigated. The amount of Li+-ions that intercalate at different rates was determined from measurement of the reversible capacity during deintercalation in 1 M LiClO4/1:1 (volume ratio) ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate. The key issues in this study are the role of particle size and fraction of edge sites on the rate of intercalation and deintercalation of Li+-ions. At low specific current (15.5 mA/g carbon), the composition of lithiated graphite approaches the theoretical value, x = 1 in LixC6, except for the natural graphite with the largest particle size. However, x decreases with an increase in specific current for all particle sizes. This trend suggests that slow solid-state diffusion of Li+-ions limits the intercalation capacity in graphite. The flake natural graphite with a particle size of 12 mum may provide the optimum combination of reversible capacity and irreversible capacity loss in the electrolyte and discharge rates used in this study. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zaghib, K (reprint author), Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, 1800 Montee Ste Julie, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 30 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00853-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 499XZ UT WOS:000172597200019 ER PT J AU Merkulov, VI Melechko, AV Guillorn, MA Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML AF Merkulov, VI Melechko, AV Guillorn, MA Lowndes, DH Simpson, ML TI Sharpening of carbon nanocone tips during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor growth SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBES AB In situ tip sharpening of vertically aligned carbon nanocones (VACNCs) was demonstrated. VACNCs were synthesized on patterned catalyst dots of 100 nm in diameter using dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The VACNC tip diameter was found to decrease with growth time. This enables synthesis of ultra-sharp VACNCs even for relatively large catalyst dot sizes, which is quite important for practical applications. We also find that for a given set of growth parameters the diameter of the initially formed catalyst nanoparticle determines the maximum length of the growing VACNC. The mechanism of VACNC growth and sharpening is discussed. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Merkulov, VI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 8 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2001 VL 350 IS 5-6 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01312-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 507YH UT WOS:000173058500002 ER PT J AU Rassolov, VA Pople, JA Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA AF Rassolov, VA Pople, JA Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA TI The definition of core electrons SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; ATOMS AB The traditional separation of electrons in molecules into core and valence types is often based on molecular orbital energies. This method is known to lead in some cases to large relative errors in correlated calculations. Instead, we propose a method based on the definition of molecular core character using separation of basis functions into core and valence types. This gives size-consistency to separation of electrons in molecules into core and valence types, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rassolov, VA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, 63 Summer St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. OI Rassolov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7244-8870 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 28 PY 2001 VL 350 IS 5-6 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01345-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 507YH UT WOS:000173058500032 ER PT J AU Chigaev, A Blenc, AM Braaten, JV Kumaraswamy, N Kepley, CL Andrews, RP Oliver, JM Edwards, BS Prossnitz, ER Larson, RS Sklar, LA AF Chigaev, A Blenc, AM Braaten, JV Kumaraswamy, N Kepley, CL Andrews, RP Oliver, JM Edwards, BS Prossnitz, ER Larson, RS Sklar, LA TI Real time analysis of the affinity regulation of alpha(4)-integrin - The physiologically activated receptor is intermediate in affinity between resting and Mn2+ or antibody activation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; P-SELECTIN; T-CELLS; INTEGRIN; FLOW; LIGAND; PHOSPHORYLATION; EOSINOPHILS; AGGREGATION; EXPRESSION AB This work examines the affinity of alpha(4)beta(1)-integrin and whether affinity regulation by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and chemokines receptors is compatible with cell adhesion mediated between alpha(4)-integrin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. We used flow cytometry to examine the binding of a fluorescent derivative of an LDV peptide (Chen, L. L., Whitty, A., Lobb, R. R., Adams, S. P., and Pepinsky, R. B. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13167-13175) to several cell lines and leukocytes with alpha4-integrin ranging from about 2,000 to 100,000 sites/cell. The results support the idea that alpha-integrins exhibit multiple affinities and that affinity changes are regulated by the dissociation rate and conformation. The affinity varies by 3 orders of magnitude with the affinity induced by binding mAb TS2/16 plus Mn2+ > Mn-2+ ' TS2/16 > activation because of occupancy of GPCR or chemokines receptor > resting receptors. A significant fraction of the receptors respond to the activating process. The change in alpha4-integrin affinity and the corresponding change in off rates mediated by GPCR receptor activation are rapid and transient, and their duration depends on GPCR desensitization. The affinity changes mediated by IgE receptor or interleukin-5 receptor persist longer. It appears that the physiologically active state of the alpha4-integrin, determined by inside-out signaling, has similar affinity in several cell types. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Canc, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Commonwealth Biotechnol Inc, Richmond, VA 23235 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sklar, LA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, CRF 219, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Chigaev, Alexandre/A-3103-2010; Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; OI Chigaev, Alexandre/0000-0002-7726-638X; Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88339]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315, RR14175]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL56384] NR 29 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 52 BP 48670 EP 48678 DI 10.1074/jbc.M103194200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 522XK UT WOS:000173922100010 PM 11641394 ER PT J AU Key, TA Bennett, TA Foutz, TD Gurevich, VV Sklar, LA Prossnitz, ER AF Key, TA Bennett, TA Foutz, TD Gurevich, VV Sklar, LA Prossnitz, ER TI Regulation of formyl peptide receptor agonist affinity by reconstitution with arrestins and heterotrimeric G proteins SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ANALYSIS; COUPLED RECEPTORS; 48-KDA PROTEIN; BETA-ARRESTIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RHODOPSIN; ACTIVATION; BINDING; INTERNALIZATION; LIGAND AB Although heptahelical chemoattractant and chemokine receptors are known to play a significant role in the host immune response and the pathophysiology of disease, the molecular mechanisms and transient macroassemblies underlying their activation and regulation remain largely uncharacterized. We report herein real time analyses of molecular assemblies involving the formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a well described member of the chemoattractant subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with both arrestins and heterotrimeric G proteins. In our system, the ability to define and discriminate distinct, in vitro receptor complexes relies on quantitative differences in the dissociation rate of a fluorescent agonist as well as the guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) sensitivity of the complex, as recently described for FPR-G protein interactions. In the current study, we demonstrate a concentration-and time-dependent reconstitution of liganded, phosphorylated FPR with exogenous arrestin-2 and -3 to form a high agonist affinity, nucleotide-insensitive complex with EC50 values of 0.5 and 0.9 muM, respectively. In contrast, neither arrestin-2 nor arrestin-3 altered the ligand dissociation kinetics of activated, nonphosphorylated FPR. Moreover, we demonstrated that the addition of G proteins was unable to alter the ligand dissociation kinetics or induce a GTPgammaS-sensitive state of the phosphorylated FPR. The properties of the phosphorylated FPR were entirely reversible upon treatment of the receptor preparation with phosphatase. These results represent to our knowledge the first report of the reconstitution of a detergent-solubilized, phosphorylated GPCR with arrestins and, furthermore, the first demonstration that phosphorylation of a nonvisual GPCR is capable of efficiently blocking G protein binding in the absence of arrestin. The significance of these results with respect to receptor desensitization and internalization are discussed. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sun Hlth Res Inst, Ralph & Muriel Roberts Lab Vis Sci, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Labs, Natl Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prossnitz, ER (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Prossnitz, Eric/B-4543-2008; Gurevich, Vsevolod/A-3236-2008; OI Gurevich, Vsevolod/0000-0002-3950-5351; Prossnitz, Eric/0000-0001-9190-8302 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315]; NEI NIH HHS [EY11500]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI36357, AI49392]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60799, GM63097] NR 45 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2001 VL 276 IS 52 BP 49204 EP 49212 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109475200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 522XK UT WOS:000173922100077 PM 11598142 ER PT J AU Casteel, WJ Lohmann, DH Bartlett, N AF Casteel, WJ Lohmann, DH Bartlett, N TI Room temperature preparations of second and third transition series tetrafluorides and a possible novel structure type for OsF4 and RhF4 SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE syntheses; tetrafluorides; crystal structures; RhF4; OsF4; ReF4 ID FLUORIDES; SALTS; AGF3; NIF4; 2ND AB The polymeric tetrafluorides, MF4 (M = Mo, Ru, Pd, Re, and Os) have been precipitated from their MF62- salts in liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) at similar to 20 degreesC. For M = Ru, Os and Pd, AsF5 can be used to displace the tetrafluoride, but this strong F- acceptor is too strongly oxidizing for use in making MoF4 and ReF4, for which SbF5 is effective. X-ray powder diffraction photograph (XRDP) show the MF4 to have the same structures as those from higher temperature preparations, when previously known. XRDP of OsF4 are very like those of RhF4 and indicate a close structural relationship of the pair, and a significant structural difference from the PdF4 type structure adopted by M = Pd, Pt, Ir, and Re. A new, two-dimensional, 'raft' structure is proposed for OsF4 and RhF4. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T I2I, Canada. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Bartlett, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD DEC 28 PY 2001 VL 112 IS 2 SI SI BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00507-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 505XH UT WOS:000172940500002 ER PT J AU Luther, TA Stewart, FF Lash, RP Wey, JE Harrup, MK AF Luther, TA Stewart, FF Lash, RP Wey, JE Harrup, MK TI Synthesis and characterization of poly{hexakis[(methy1)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene} SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phosphazenes; polymers; cyclomatrix; cyclotriphosphazene; methylhydroquinone ID FIRE-RESISTANT; POLY(ALKYL/ARYLPHOSPHAZENES); ELECTROLYTES AB The reaction of methylhydroquinone with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene in the presence of a base, 4-picoline, in cyclohexane was investigated. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, multiangle laser light scattering, and elemental analyses were performed on the product and two other related phosphazene materials produced by analogous synthetic routes: poly[hexakis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene] (1) and hexakis[(3-tert-butyl)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene (2). Unlike the data for 2 where the tert-butyl moiety enforced regiospecific nucleophilic addition, the data for the methylhydroquinone-substituted cyclotriphosphazene product indicate that the less sterically bulky methyl group provides only limited protection for the adjacent hydroxyl group. The result is the formation of a low molecular weight oligomer, poly(hexakis[(methyl)(4-hydroxyphenoxy)]cyclotriphosphazene) (3), instead of a discrete cyclic trimer species. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Luther, TA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 82 IS 14 BP 3439 EP 3446 DI 10.1002/app.2205.abs PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 486PH UT WOS:000171825800008 ER PT J AU Berns, DM Oyebode, E Dair, B Cebe, P Capel, M AF Berns, DM Oyebode, E Dair, B Cebe, P Capel, M TI Effects of zone drawing on the structure of metallocene polyethylene SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE zone drawing; metallocene polyethylene; draw ratio; molecular retraction; X-ray scattering ID THERMOMECHANICAL CONDITIONS; DEFORMATION; FILMS; BLENDS AB The influence of zone drawing on bulk properties and structure of metallocene polyethylene (m-PE) is reported. Two different m-PE materials were subjected to tensile stresses above the yield point by zone drawing in the temperature range from 50 to 100 degreesC. Drawn materials were characterized by using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), molecular retraction, and small-angle light scattering (SALS). Structural changes were studied as a function of drawing temperature, engineering stress, and draw ratio. WAYS showed strong crystalline orientation in drawn samples, and only the orthorhombic crystal modification was observed. SAXS showed lamellar orientation in drawn samples. At low drawing temperatures of 50 or 60 degreesC, draw ratio increased as a step function of stress. There is a stress barrier, which must be exceeded before high-draw ratios can be achieved at these temperatures. At drawing temperatures of 70 degreesC or above, the barrier stress is low enough that draw ratio increases nearly linearly as a function of stress. Below the stress barrier, spherulitic structure is observed by small-angle light scattering (SALS). Elongation occurs via deformation of the interspherulitic amorphous phase. Molecular retraction was low for these samples, indicating mostly plastic deformation of the amorphous material. Above the stress barrier, SALS showed that spherulites are destroyed. Elongation occurs via deformation of the intraspherulitic amorphous phase. Molecular retraction for these samples was high, indicating elastic deformation of the amorphous material. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cebe, P (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 82 IS 14 BP 3492 EP 3504 DI 10.1002/app.2211 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 486PH UT WOS:000171825800014 ER PT J AU Kirkland, MW Suszcynsky, DM Guillen, JLL Green, JL AF Kirkland, MW Suszcynsky, DM Guillen, JLL Green, JL TI Optical observations of terrestrial lightning by the FORTE satellite photodiode detector SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PHENOMENOLOGY; PARAMETERS; SIGNATURES; STROKES; CLOUDS AB We review data from observations of terrestrial lightning obtained by the FORTE satellite between September 1997 and January 2000. A silicon photodiode detector (PDD) records the intensity-time history of transient optical events occurring within its 80degrees circular field of view. This field of view corresponds to a circle on the Earth's surface having an approximate diameter of 1200 km. We describe the instrument, present examples of the data, explain how the data are screened for false triggers, and review, within the context of previous measurements, the general statistics of peak irradiance, pulse width, and energy associated with the data. We compare the FORTE data with National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) reported cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes and find that the PDD detection efficiency for these CG strokes is similar to6%. Moreover, we infer that FORTE preferentially detects the in-cloud portion of optical lightning signals. Events having inferred peak powers between 10(8) and 10(12) W and optical energy outputs between 10(3) and 10(9) J are observed. From a population of nearly 700,000 events we find that the median peak power and median detected optical energy at the source are estimated to be similar to1 X 10(9) W and 4.5 X 10(5) J, respectively. These values of source peak power and energy are comparable to previous space-based measurements and consistent with aircraft-based and ground-based measurements. The observed median effective pulse width is about 590 microseconds. Further, the pulse widths for CG strokes, reported by NLDN, are inversely proportional to pulse peak power. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Primary Design & Assessment Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Primary Design & Assessment Grp, MS F664, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mkirkland@lanl.gov OI Kirkland, Matt/0000-0002-1217-8864 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33499 EP 33509 DI 10.1029/2000JD000190 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800009 ER PT J AU Amthor, JS Chen, JM Clein, JS Frolking, SE Goulden, ML Grant, RF Kimball, JS King, AW McGuire, AD Nikolov, NT Potter, CS Wang, S Wofsy, SC AF Amthor, JS Chen, JM Clein, JS Frolking, SE Goulden, ML Grant, RF Kimball, JS King, AW McGuire, AD Nikolov, NT Potter, CS Wang, S Wofsy, SC TI Boreal forest CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration predicted by nine ecosystem process models: Intermodel comparisons and relationships to field measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; JACK PINE FOREST; GENERAL-MODEL; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS MODEL; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SOIL AB Nine ecosystem process models were used to predict CO2 and water vapor exchanges by a 150-year-old black spruce forest in central Canada during 1994-1996 to evaluate and improve the models. Three models had hourly time steps, five had daily time steps, and one had monthly time steps. Model input included site ecosystem characteristics and meteorology. Model predictions were compared to eddy covariance (EC) measurements of whole-ecosystem CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration, to chamber measurements of nighttime moss-surface CO2 release, and to ground-based estimates of annual gross primary production, net primary production, net ecosystem production (NEP), plant respiration, and decomposition. Model-model differences were apparent for all variables. Model-measurement agreement was good in some cases but poor in others. Modeled annual NEP ranged from -11 g C m(-2) (weak CO2 source) to 85 g C m(-2) (moderate CO2 sink). The models generally predicted greater annual CO2 sink activity than measured by EC, a discrepancy consistent with the fact that model parameterizations represented the more productive fraction of the EC tower "footprint." At hourly to monthly timescales, predictions bracketed EC measurements so median predictions were similar to measurements, but there were quantitatively important model-measurement discrepancies found for all models at subannual timescales. For these models and input data, hourly time steps (and greater complexity) compared to daily time steps tended to improve model-measurement agreement for daily scale CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration (as judged by root-mean-squared error). Model time step and complexity played only small roles in monthly to annual predictions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM amthor@aya.yale.edu RI Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X NR 74 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33623 EP 33648 DI 10.1029/2000JD900850 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800019 ER PT J AU Potter, CS Wang, SS Nikolov, NT McGuire, AD Liu, J King, AW Kimball, JS Grant, RF Frolking, SE Clein, JS Chen, JM Amthor, JS AF Potter, CS Wang, SS Nikolov, NT McGuire, AD Liu, J King, AW Kimball, JS Grant, RF Frolking, SE Clein, JS Chen, JM Amthor, JS TI Comparison of boreal ecosystem model sensitivity to variability in climate and forest site parameters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; CONIFER STANDS; ELEVATED CO2; JACK PINE; PRODUCTIVITY; EXCHANGE AB Ecosystem models are useful tools for evaluating environmental controls on carbon and water cycles under past or future conditions. In this paper we compare annual carbon and water fluxes from nine boreal spruce forest ecosystem models in a series of sensitivity simulations. For each comparison, a single climate driver or forest site parameter was altered in a separate sensitivity run. Driver and parameter changes were prescribed principally to be large enough to identify and isolate any major differences in model responses, while also remaining within the range of variability that the boreal forest biome may be exposed to over a time period of several decades. The models simulated plant production, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, and evapotranspiration (ET) for a black spruce site in the boreal forest of central Canada (56degreesN). Results revealed that there were common model responses in gross primary production, plant respiration, and ET fluxes to prescribed changes in air temperature or surface irradiance and to decreased precipitation amounts. The models were also similar in their responses to variations in canopy leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and surface organic layer thickness. The models had different sensitivities to certain parameters, namely the net primary production response to increased CO2 levels, and the response of soil microbial respiration to precipitation inputs and soil wetness. These differences can be explained by the type (or absence) of photosynthesis-CO2 response curves in the models and by response algorithms of litter and humus decomposition to drying effects in organic soils of the boreal spruce ecosystem. Differences in the couplings of photosynthesis and soil respiration to nitrogen availability may also explain divergent model responses. Sensitivity comparisons imply that past conditions of the ecosystem represented in the models' initial standing wood and soil carbon pools, including historical climate patterns and the time since the last major disturbance, can be as important as potential climatic changes to prediction of the annual ecosystem carbon balance in this boreal spruce forest. C1 Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A OY7, Canada. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Mail Stop 242-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM cpotter@gaia.arc.nasa.gov RI Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X NR 60 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D24 BP 33671 EP 33687 DI 10.1029/2000JD000224 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522DE UT WOS:000173879800021 ER PT J AU Pommeret, S Gobert, F Mostafavi, A Lampre, I Mialocq, JC AF Pommeret, S Gobert, F Mostafavi, A Lampre, I Mialocq, JC TI Femtochemistry of the hydrated electron at decimolar concentration SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION AB We report a femtosecond laser study of the transient absorption of hydrated electrons generated by 266 nm two-photon ionization of liquid water under very high power laser density (up to 1.5 TW/cm(2)). The two-photon absorption coefficient of liquid water for femtosecond pulses at 266 nm was determined to beta = (1.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-11) m/W. The quantum yield of formation of the hydrated electron per absorbed photon at 266 nm is determined to be 0.26 +/- 0.02. We observed, for the first time, that the decay of the hydrated electron produced under 1.5 TW/cm2 laser pump power density in pure water is not only due to geminate recombination and that the survival probability of the hydrated electron at 1 ns is 0.16 +/- 0.02 under those conditions, where an unprecedented local concentration of the hydrated electron of 0.15 M is produced. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DRECAM, SCM,URA 331,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Chim Phys Lab, UMR 8000,Ctr Orsay, Orsay, France. RP Pommeret, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Mostafavi, Mehran/L-3251-2016 OI Mostafavi, Mehran/0000-0002-4510-8272 NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 51 BP 11400 EP 11406 DI 10.1021/jp0123381 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 508GA UT WOS:000173079300002 ER PT J AU Zhan, CG Dixon, DA AF Zhan, CG Dixon, DA TI Absolute hydration free energy of the proton from first-principles electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBOXYLIC-ACID ESTERS; REACTION FIELD-THEORY; ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; CHARGE PENETRATION; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; SOLVATION MODEL; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ION CHANNELS; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO AB The absolute hydration free energy of the proton, DeltaG(hyd)(298)(H-), is one of the fundamental quantities for the thermodynamics of aqueous systems. Its exact value remains unknown despite extensive experimental and computational' efforts. We report a first-principles determination of DeltaG(hyd)(298)(H+) by using the latest developments in electronic structure theory including solvation effects, High level ab initio calculations have been performed with a supermolecule-continuum approach based on a recently developed self-consistent reaction field model known as surface and volume polarization for electrostatic interaction (SVPE) or fully polarizable continuum model (FPCM). In the supermolecule-continuum approach, part of the solvent surrounding the solute is treated quantum mechanically and the remaining bulk solvent is approximated by a dielectric continuum medium. With this approach, the calculated results can systematically be improved by 291 increasing the number of quantum mechanically treated solvent molecules. AG(hyd)(298)(H+) is accurately predicted to be -262.4 kcal/mol based on high-level, first-principles solvation-included electronic structure calculations. The absolute hydration free energies of other ions can be obtained by using appropriate available thermodynamic data in combination with this value. The high accuracy of the predicted absolute hydration free energy of proton is confirmed by applying the same protocol to predict AG(hyd)(298)(Li+). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K1-83,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 51 TC 189 Z9 193 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 51 BP 11534 EP 11540 DI 10.1021/jp012536s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 508GA UT WOS:000173079300019 ER PT J AU Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Blyakhman, Y Brzychezyk, J Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Gaardhoje, JJ Grotowski, K Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Holme, AK Ito, H Jakobsen, E Jipa, A Jordre, JI Jundt, F Jorgensen, CE Keutgen, T Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, E Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Olchanski, K Olness, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sanders, SJ Sheetz, RA Sosin, Z Staszel, P Thorsteinsen, TF Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Wieloch, A Zgura, IS AF Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Blyakhman, Y Brzychezyk, J Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Gaardhoje, JJ Grotowski, K Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Holme, AK Ito, H Jakobsen, E Jipa, A Jordre, JI Jundt, F Jorgensen, CE Keutgen, T Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, E Murray, M Natowitz, J Nielsen, BS Olchanski, K Olness, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sanders, SJ Sheetz, RA Sosin, Z Staszel, P Thorsteinsen, TF Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Wieloch, A Zgura, IS TI Charged particle densities from Au plus Au collisions at root S-NN=130 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLICITY; SYSTEM; NUCLEI AB We present charged particle densities as a function of pseudorapidity and collision centrality for the Au-197 + Au-197 reaction at roots(NN) = 130 GeV. An integral charged particle multiplicity of 3860 +/- 300 is found for the 5% most central events within the pseudorapidity range -4.7 less than or equal to eta less than or equal to 4.7. At mid-rapidity an enhancement in the particle yields per participant nucleon pair is observed for central events. Near to the beam rapidity, a scaling of the particle yields consistent with the "limiting fragmentation" picture is observed. Our results are compared to other recent experimental and theoretical discussions of charged particle densities in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Krakow, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Bearden, IG (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012 OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121 NR 24 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01333-8 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 503ND UT WOS:000172803800001 ER PT J AU Uretsky, JL AF Uretsky, JL TI The muon anomalous magnetic moment-significance of the new measurement SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB Theoretical calculations of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment utilize experimental data from e(+)e(-) annihilation and tau decay. The data provide input to a dispersion relation. I contend that it is not possible to put error bounds on the dispersion-relation calculation absent proof-not presently available-that the amplitudes in question are polynomially bounded. Examples are provided. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Uretsky, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 27 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01347-8 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 503ND UT WOS:000172803800011 ER PT J AU Halpern, Y Thieu, V Henning, RW Wang, XP Schultz, AJ AF Halpern, Y Thieu, V Henning, RW Wang, XP Schultz, AJ TI Time-resolved in situ neutron diffraction studies of gas hydrate: Transformation of structure II (sII) to structure I (sI) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRICALCIUM SILICATE; CLATHRATE-HYDRATE; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEEP OCEAN; METHANE; SCATTERING; KINETICS; ETHANE; ICE AB We report the in situ observation from diffraction data of the conversion of a gas hydrate with the structure II (sII) lattice to one with the structure I (sl) lattice. Initially, the in situ formation, dissociation, and reactivity of argon gas clathrate hydrate was investigated by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction at temperatures ranging from 230 to 263 K and pressures up to 5000 psi (34.5 MPa). These samples were prepared from deuterated ice crystals and transformed to hydrate by pressurizing the system with argon gas. Complete transformation from D2O ice to sII Ar hydrate was observed as the sample temperature was slowly increased through the D2O ice melting point. The transformation of sII argon hydrate to A hydrate was achieved by removing excess Ar gas and exposing the hydrate to liquid CO2 by pressurizing the Ar hydrate With CO2. Results suggest the sI hydrate formed from CO2 exchange in argon sII hydrate is a mixed Ar/CO2 hydrate. The proposed exchange mechanism is consistent with clathrate hydrate being an equilibrium system in which guest molecules are exchanging between encapsulated molecules in the solid hydrate and free molecules in the surrounding gas or liquid phase. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Halpern, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012 OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112 NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 51 BP 12826 EP 12831 DI 10.1021/ja010280y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 505WZ UT WOS:000172939700010 PM 11749540 ER PT J AU Ghaddar, TH Wishart, JF Kirby, JP Whitesell, JK Fox, MA AF Ghaddar, TH Wishart, JF Kirby, JP Whitesell, JK Fox, MA TI Pulse radiolysis studies of dendritic macromolecules with biphenyl peripheral groups and a ruthenium tris-bipyridine core SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DENDRIMERS; ARCHITECTURE; COMPLEXES; IONS AB Electron-transfer reactions in Frechet-type dendrimers with biphenyl peripheral groups and a ruthenium core were investigated by pulse radiolysis techniques. Fast electron-transfer rates found in the two ruthenium dendrimers suggest a very efficient electronic coupling between the peripheral donor groups and the core acceptor. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fox, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 26 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 51 BP 12832 EP 12836 DI 10.1021/ja011615e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 505WZ UT WOS:000172939700011 PM 11749541 ER PT J AU Wlodawer, A Li, M Gustchina, A Dauter, Z Uchida, K Oyama, H Goldfarb, NE Dunn, BM Oda, K AF Wlodawer, A Li, M Gustchina, A Dauter, Z Uchida, K Oyama, H Goldfarb, NE Dunn, BM Oda, K TI Inhibitor complexes of the Pseudomonas serine-carboxyl proteinase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; SUBSITE PREFERENCES; TRANSITION-STATE; SUBTILISIN; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; KUMAMOLYSIN; PROKARYOTES; REFINEMENT; MECHANISM AB Crystal structures of the serine-carboxyl proteinase from Pseudomonas sp. 101 (PSCP), complexed with a number of inhibitors, have been solved and refined at high- to atomic-level resolution. All of these inhibitors (tyrostatin, pseudo-tyrostatin, AcIPF, AcIAF, and chymostatin, as well as previously studied iodotyrostatin and pseudo-iodotyrostatin) make covalent bonds to the active site Ser287 through their aldehyde moieties, while their side chains occupy subsites S1-S4 of the enzyme. The mode of binding of the inhibitors is almost identical for their P1 and P2 side chains, while significant differences are observed for P3 and P4 (if present). Kinetic parameters for the binding of these nanomolar inhibitors to PSCP have been established and correlated with the observed mode of binding. The preferences of this enzyme for a larger side chain in P2 as well as Tyr or Phe in P1 are explained by the size, shape, and characteristics of the S2 and S1 regions of the protein structure, respectively. Networks of hydrogen bonds involving glutamic and aspartic acids have been analyzed for the atomic-resolution structure of the native enzyme. PSCP contains a calcium-binding site that consists of Asp328, Asp348, three amide carbonyl groups, and a water molecule, in almost perfect octahedral coordination. The presence of Ca2+ cation is necessary for the activity of the enzyme. C1 NCI, Prot Struct Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Intramural Res Support Program, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Teikyo Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Dept Biosci, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3208551, Japan. Kyoto Inst Technol, Fac Text Sci, Dept Appl Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Wlodawer, A (reprint author), NCI, Prot Struct Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28571]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK18865] NR 32 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 51 BP 15602 EP 15611 DI 10.1021/bi011817n PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 509NF UT WOS:000173153300017 PM 11747435 ER PT J AU Ayotte, P Smith, RS Stevenson, KP Dohnalek, Z Kimmel, GA Kay, BD AF Ayotte, P Smith, RS Stevenson, KP Dohnalek, Z Kimmel, GA Kay, BD TI Effect of porosity on the adsorption, desorption, trapping, and release of volatile gases by amorphous solid water SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; ASTROPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VAPORIZATION BEHAVIOR; INTERSTELLAR ICES; THIN-FILMS; COMETS; CONDENSATION AB We compare the adsorption, desorption, trapping, and release of Ar, N-2, O-2, CO, and CH4 by dense (nonporous) and highly porous amorphous solid water (ASW) films. Molecular beam deposition techniques are used to control the porosity of the vapor-deposited ASW thin films. Experiments where the gas species is deposited on top of and underneath dense and porous ASW are conducted. For the film thickness used in this study, the porous films are found to adsorb between 20 and 50 times more gas than the dense films. The desorption temperature of the adsorbed gas is also dependent on the porosity of the ASW film. Differences between desorption from porous and dense ASW films are attributed to differences in their ability to trap weakly physisorbed gases. The results are largely independent of the gas studied, confirming that the adsorption and trapping of gases are dominated by the ASW porosity. These findings show that laboratory studies must account for the growth conditions and their effects on ASW morphology in order to accurately predict the properties of astrophysical ices. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ayotte, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Anwen/F-5926-2010; Smith, Scott/G-2310-2015; OI Smith, Scott/0000-0002-7145-1963; Kimmel, Greg/0000-0003-4447-2440; Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 43 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 106 IS E12 BP 33387 EP 33392 DI 10.1029/2000JE001362 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 515GX UT WOS:000173488000049 ER PT J AU Yu, K Hurd, AJ Eisenberg, A Brinker, CJ AF Yu, K Hurd, AJ Eisenberg, A Brinker, CJ TI Syntheses of silica/polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) films with regular and reverse mesostructures of large characteristic length scales by solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Letter ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; HEXAGONALLY PACKED RODS; PS-B-PEO; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MULTIPLE MORPHOLOGIES; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS; NANOSTRUCTURES; MESOPHASES; TRANSITION AB Silica/diblock films with various mesostructures of large characteristic length scales were synthesized through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). The structure-directing agents used were amphiphilic polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymers of high molecular weights. The synthesis process began with a dilute homogeneous solution of a silica precursor and the diblock copolymer in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water. After this dilute solution was cast, THF preferentially evaporated; accordingly, the species in the depositing film increasingly concentrated and the solvent quality for the diblock progressively decreased. At some critical point, cooperative self-assembly of both the PSb-PEO diblock and the silicate started. Subsequently, liquid-crystalline mesophases were obtained. The present study indicates that silica/diblock films with different mesostructures can be synthesized by using one identical diblock; as the volume ratio of the diblock to silica increases, mesostructures change progressively from regular to inverted (reverse) via lamellar. For the silica/diblock films with regular mesophases, copolymer removal produces mesopores; highly ordered mesoporous silica films with different pore sizes result from using diblocks with different molecular weights. Particularly noteworthy is the ready formation of the silica/diblock multi-bilayer vesicular mesostructures. The present system is believed to be the first to use high glass transition temperature (T-g approximate to 373 K), PS-based amphiphilic diblock copolymers to prepare silica/diblock films with regular and reverse mesophases, as well as multi-bilayer vesicular mesostructures, through solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1349, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Eisenberg, Adi/B-8676-2008; ye, bin/K-7828-2012; 牛, 开心/C-3081-2014 NR 32 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 26 BP 7961 EP 7965 DI 10.1021/la0113724 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 506EE UT WOS:000172956200001 ER PT J AU Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE Liu, J Mattigod, S Franz, JA Nie, ZM AF Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE Liu, J Mattigod, S Franz, JA Nie, ZM TI Deposition of self-assembled monolayers in mesoporous silica from supercritical fluids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTION; FUNCTIONALIZED MOLECULAR-SIEVES; ORGANIC-CHEMISTRY; REACTION VOLUMES; CO-CONDENSATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRESSURE; METAL; CYCLIZATION; ACTIVATION AB Deposition of silane-based self-assembled monolayers onto mesoporous ceramic substrates has been found to be substantially faster from supercritical fluids than from typical condensed phase solutions, In addition, the monolayers so prepared display higher silane population density (6.5 vs 4.6 silanes/nm(2)), fewer defects, and greater stability than those prepared via standard solution method. A mechanistic rationale for the pressure-induced rate enhancement and reduced defect density is presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP POB 999, Richland, WA USA. EM glen.fryxell@pnl.gov NR 39 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 25 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 26 BP 8172 EP 8177 DI 10.1021/la0107401 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 506EE UT WOS:000172956200034 ER PT J AU Serquis, A Zhu, YT Peterson, EJ Coulter, JY Peterson, DE Mueller, FM AF Serquis, A Zhu, YT Peterson, EJ Coulter, JY Peterson, DE Mueller, FM TI Effect of lattice strain and defects on the superconductivity of MgB2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The influence of lattice strain and Mg vacancies on the superconducting properties of MgB2 samples has been investigated. High quality samples with sharp superconducting transitions were synthesized. The variations in lattice strain and Mg vacancy concentrations were obtained by varying the synthesis conditions. It was found that high strain (similar to1%) and the presence of Mg vacancies (similar to5%) resulted in lowering the T-c by only 2 K. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782 NR 19 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4399 EP 4401 DI 10.1063/1.1428109 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100044 ER PT J AU Chang, KS Aronova, M Famodu, O Takeuchi, I Lofland, SE Hattrick-Simpers, J Chang, H AF Chang, KS Aronova, M Famodu, O Takeuchi, I Lofland, SE Hattrick-Simpers, J Chang, H TI Multimode quantitative scanning microwave microscopy of in situ grown epitaxial Ba1-xSrxTiO3 composition spreads SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPE; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FREQUENCY AB We have performed variable-temperature multimode quantitative microwave microscopy of in situ epitaxial Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin-film composition spreads fabricated on (100) LaAlO3 substrates. Dielectric properties were mapped as a function of continuously varying composition from BaTiO3 to SrTiO3. We have demonstrated nondestructive temperature-dependent dielectric characterization of local thin-film regions. Measurements are simultaneously taken at multiple resonant frequencies of the microscope cavity. The multimode measurements allow frequency dispersion studies. We observe strong composition-dependent dielectric relaxation in Ba1-xSrxTiO3 at microwave frequencies. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Rowan Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, KS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4411 EP 4413 DI 10.1063/1.1427438 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100048 ER PT J AU Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Streiffer, SK Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL AF Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Streiffer, SK Stachiotti, MG Migoni, RL TI Polarization reversal in a perovskite ferroelectric by molecular-dynamics simulation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR AB We characterize the microscopic processes that take place during polarization reversal in the tetragonal phase of a monodomain order-disorder perovskite ferroelectric using molecular-dynamics simulation. Microscopically the polarization of each unit cell reorients from an [001] orientation to an [00 (1) over bar] orientation through intermediate states with polarization parallel to [011] and [01 (1) over bar]. For low electric field and low temperature, chains of polarization reverse in a spatially coherent manner, resulting in macroscopic intermediate states with orthorhombic symmetry. At high electric field and high temperature the process is completely incoherent and there is no well-defined macroscopic intermediate state. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. RP Sepliarsky, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4417 EP 4419 DI 10.1063/1.1428122 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100050 ER PT J AU Mannella, N Gabetta, G Parmigiani, F AF Mannella, N Gabetta, G Parmigiani, F TI Plasmon energy shift in porous silicon measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA; BAND AB In order to provide experimental support for quantum confinement models describing electronic effects in porous silicon (p-Si), the Si 2s and Si 2p plasmon losses have been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The p-Si plasmon energy was found at a value 0.8 divided by1.6 eV higher than that of bulk Si (17.4 eV), as measured on the cleaned Si substrate as a reference. The magnitude of these shifts suggests possible quantum confinement effects ascribed to the p-Si nanostructures. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CESI Spa, AG LPC, Redecesio Di Segrate, MI, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. RP Mannella, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mailstop 2-100,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Parmigiani, Fulvio/0000-0001-9529-7406 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4432 EP 4434 DI 10.1063/1.1425956 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100055 ER PT J AU Hiller, LJ van den Berg, ML Labov, SE AF Hiller, LJ van den Berg, ML Labov, SE TI Multiple-tunneling noise in superconducting tunnel junctions from partial current integration SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DETECTORS AB Superconducting tunnel junctions can be used as high-resolution particle or photon energy spectrometers. A photon absorbed in a superconductor breaks Cooper pairs into quasiparticles. These quasiparticles tunnel through the junction barrier and are detected as a pulse of excess current. Many junction designs allow the quasiparticles to tunnel more than once, an exponentially mixed Poisson process. However, multiple tunneling increases the fluctuation in the measured charge. We calculate the significance of these fluctuations algebraically as a function of time during the current pulse. We also calculate the finite integration window that minimizes the contribution of this noise. In addition, we calculate the effects of a low-pass amplifier and a Gaussian-shaping amplifier on the tunneling noise. With certain filtering time constants, the tunneling noise can be reduced while still providing some gain. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hiller, LJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-418,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4441 EP 4443 DI 10.1063/1.1428618 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100058 ER PT J AU Williams, BS Callebaut, H Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Williams, BS Callebaut, H Hu, Q Reno, JL TI Magnetotunneling spectroscopy of resonant anticrossing in terahertz intersubband emitters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-CASCADE STRUCTURE; EMISSION; TRANSITION; LASERS AB Intersubband transport and electroluminescence has been investigated in a double-quantum-well structure based on an intrawell (vertical) THz radiative transition. Magnetotunneling spectroscopy was used to determine subband energies, including the minimum energy separation (similar to1.7 meV) between two anticrossed levels. The presence of this anticrossing indicates that in this structure, electron removal from the lower radiative state should be modeled by coherent resonant tunneling rather than incoherent sequential tunneling. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, BS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Williams, Benjamin/B-4494-2013 OI Williams, Benjamin/0000-0002-6241-8336 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 26 BP 4444 EP 4446 DI 10.1063/1.1426694 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 503RW UT WOS:000172815100059 ER PT J AU Bare, SR AF Bare, SR TI Funding for chemistry SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bare, SR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 52 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 505EC UT WOS:000172897700003 ER PT J AU Maheshwari, G Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA AF Maheshwari, G Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA TI Autocrine epidermal growth factor signaling stimulates directionally persistent mammary epithelial cell migration SO JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell motility; tissue engineering; tumor invasiveness; signaling localization; cell scattering ID FACTOR RECEPTOR; EGF RECEPTOR; INTERNALIZATION; TRANSDUCTION; ENDOCYTOSIS; EXPRESSION; SCATTERING; MECHANISM; SECRETION; CLEAVAGE AB Cell responses to soluble regulatory factors may be strongly influenced by the mode of presentation of the factor, as in matrix-bound versus diffusible modes. The possibly diverse effect of presenting a growth factor in autocrine as opposed to exogenous (or paracrine) mode is an especially important issue in cell biology. We demonstrate here that migration behavior of human mammary epithelial cells in response to stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) is qualitatively different for EGF presented in exogenous (paracrine), autocrine, and intracrine modes. When EGF is added as an exogenous factor to the medium of cells that express EGF receptor (EGFR) but not EGF, cell migration speed increases while directional persistence decreases. When these EGFR-expressing cells are made to also express via retroviral transfection EGF in protease-cleaveable transmembrane form on the plasma membrane, migration speed similarly increases, but directional persistence increases as well. Addition of exogenous EGF to these cells abrogates their enhanced directional persistence, reducing their directionality to a level similar to wild-type cells. If the EGFR-expressing cells are instead transduced with a gene encoding EGF in a soluble form, migration speed and directional persistence were unaffected. Thus, autocrine presentation of EGF at the plasma membrane in a protease-cleavable form provides these cells with an enhanced ability to migrate persistently in a given direction, consistent with their increased capability for organizing into gland-like structures. In contrast, an exogenous/paracrine mode of EGF presentation generates a "scattering" response by the cells. These findings emphasize the functional importance of spatial restriction of EGFR signaling, and suggest critical implications for growth factor-based therapeutic treatments. C1 MIT, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Div Bioengn & Environm Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lauffenburger, DA (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Canc Res, 56-341, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD28528] NR 30 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0021-9525 J9 J CELL BIOL JI J. Cell Biol. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 155 IS 7 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1083/jcb.200109060 PG 6 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 507JJ UT WOS:000173023500009 PM 11756466 ER PT J AU Schultz, M Burns, CJ Schwartz, DJ Andersen, RA AF Schultz, M Burns, CJ Schwartz, DJ Andersen, RA TI Coordination of carbon monoxide and isocyanides to bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium and related bivalent ytterbocenes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INFRARED-SPECTRA; COMPLEXES; CO; METAL; URANIUM; ATOMS AB Changes in the infrared spectra of methylcyclohexane solutions of the base-free ytterbocenes (Me5C5)(2)yb, [1,3-(Me3C)(2)C5H3](2)Yb, and [1,3-(Me3Si)(2)C5H3](2)Yb in the presence of CO show that carbonyl adducts are formed at room temperature. The adducts are formed reversibly, and they have not been isolated. The nu (CO) values are lower than that of free CO for the adducts of (Me5C5)(2)Yb and [1,3-(Me3C)(2)C5H3](2)Yb, and in the case of (Me5C5)(2)Yb the C-13 NMR resonance of the carbonyl is deshielded from that of free CO, indicating that CO is acting as a net pi -acceptor ligand in those molecules. The nu (CO) value for the adduct of [1,3(Me3Si)(2)C5H3](2)yb is slightly higher than that of free CO, which demonstrates that changing the substituents on the cyclopentadienyl rings can alter the electron richness of the ytterbocene. Isocyanide complexes of these ytterbocenes and of (Me4C5H)(2)Yb have been isolated and fully characterized, including by X-ray crystallography for (Me5C5)(2)Yb(2,6-Me2C6H3NC)(2), [1,3-(Me3C)(2)C5H3](2)yb(2,6-Me2C6H3NC)(2), and [1,3-(Me3Si)(2)C5H3](2)Yb(2,6-Me2C6H3NC)(2). The solution electronic spectra (350 - 1000 nm) for the base-free, ytterbocenes and their carbonyl and isocyanide adducts have been measured and interpreted according to a molecular orbital model. All of the data are consistent with the notion that ytterbium(II) metallocenes can act as net pi -donor fragments. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schultz, Madeleine/B-4131-2011 OI Schultz, Madeleine/0000-0001-7967-5147 NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 26 BP 5690 EP 5699 DI 10.1021/om0106579 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 505XA UT WOS:000172939800034 ER PT J AU Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chattopadhyay, S Chen, ML Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ DeMello, M Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grabski, J Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heffner, M Hepplemann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Hummler, H Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, E Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamas-Valverde, J Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lynn, D Majka, R Margetis, S Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchel, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Mutchler, GS Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Platner, E Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Radomski, S Rai, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trofimov, V Tsai, O Turner, K Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vanyashin, A Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Wenaus, T Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN AF Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chattopadhyay, S Chen, ML Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ DeMello, M Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grabski, J Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heffner, M Hepplemann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Hummler, H Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, E Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamas-Valverde, J Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lynn, D Majka, R Margetis, S Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchel, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Mutchler, GS Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Platner, E Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Radomski, S Rai, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trofimov, V Tsai, O Turner, K Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vanyashin, A Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Wenaus, T Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurement of inclusive antiprotons from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; BARYON NUMBER AB We report the first measurement of inclusive antiproton production at midrapidity in Au + Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The antiproton transverse mass distributions in the measured transverse momentum range of 0.25 < p() < 0.95 GeV/c are found to fall less steeply for more central collisions. The extrapolated antiproton rapidity density is found to scale approximately with the negative hadron multiplicity density. C1 Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. JINR, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Hebei, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Adler, C (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016 OI Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556 NR 24 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 262302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.262302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700004 PM 11800830 ER PT J AU Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chattopadhyay, S Chen, ML Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ DeMello, M Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grabski, J Grachov, O Greiner, D Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heffner, M Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Hummler, H Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, E Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamas-Valverde, J Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A LeCompte, T Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lynn, D Majka, R Margetis, S Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moltz, D Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Mutchler, GS Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Platner, E Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Radomski, S Rai, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Roy, C Russ, D Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trofimov, V Tsai, O Turner, K Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vanyashin, A Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Wenaus, T Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yokosawa, A Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN AF Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chattopadhyay, S Chen, ML Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ DeMello, M Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grabski, J Grachov, O Greiner, D Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heffner, M Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Hummler, H Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, E Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamas-Valverde, J Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A LeCompte, T Lednicky, R Leontiev, VM LeVine, MJ Li, Q Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lynn, D Majka, R Margetis, S Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moltz, D Moore, CF Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Mutchler, GS Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Platner, E Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Radomski, S Rai, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Roy, C Russ, D Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trofimov, V Tsai, O Turner, K Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vanyashin, A Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Wenaus, T Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yokosawa, A Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI (d)over-bar and (3)(He)over-bar production in root s(NN)=130 GeV Au+Au collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ENERGY NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; PLUS PB COLLISIONS; PB+PB COLLISIONS; COALESCENCE; DEUTERON; MODEL AB The first measurements of light antinucleus production in Au + Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider are reported. The observed production rates for (d) over bar and (3)(He) over bar are much larger than in lower energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. A coalescence model analysis of the yields indicates that there is little or no increase in the antinucleon freeze-out volume compared to collisions at CERN SPS energy. These analyses also indicate that the (3)(He) over bar freeze-out volume is smaller than the (d) over bar freeze-out volume. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. JINR, High Energy Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. JINR, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016 OI Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556 NR 25 TC 447 Z9 452 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 262301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.262301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700003 PM 11497937 ER PT J AU Bertulani, CA Bortignon, PF Ponomarev, VY Voronov, VV AF Bertulani, CA Bortignon, PF Ponomarev, VY Voronov, VV TI Description of double giant dipole resonances within the phonon damping model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXCITATION; PB-208; XE-136 C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. TU Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Bertulani, CA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 269201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.269201 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700031 ER PT J AU Schwegler, E Galli, G Gygi, F Hood, RQ AF Schwegler, E Galli, G Gygi, F Hood, RQ TI Dissociation of water under pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY; SCATTERING; AMMONIA; H2O AB The dissociation of water under pressure is investigated with a series of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at thermodynamic conditions close to those obtained in shock wave experiments. We find that molecular dissociation occurs via a bimolecular process similar to ambient conditions, leading to the formation of short-lived hydronium ions. Up to twofold compression and 2000 K, the oxygen diffusion coefficient is characteristic of a fluid. Our findings do not support models used to estimate the liquid electrical conductivity and interpret Raman spectra that assume the presence of free protons. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwegler, E (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 26 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 265501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.265501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700012 PM 11800838 ER PT J AU Shibauchi, T Krusin-Elbaum, L Vinokur, VM Argyle, B Weller, D Terris, BD AF Shibauchi, T Krusin-Elbaum, L Vinokur, VM Argyle, B Weller, D Terris, BD TI Deroughening of a 1D domain wall in an ultrathin magnetic film by a correlated defect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM IMPURITIES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CREEP; MEDIA AB Interaction of a field-driven magnetic domain wall with a correlated (line) defect is examined by Kerr imaging in subnanometer thin Co films. The line defect directs and confines the wall near the bottom of the effective potential trough U-eff, which competes, with underlying random disorder that roughens the wall. We observe a kinetic "deroughening" with roughness exponent zeta similar to 0.1 well below zeta = 2/3 characteristic of random defects. Deroughening occurs on lengths greater than an inherent elastic screening length L-el, which is consistently explained by the restoring action of U-eff. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Krusin-Elbaum, L (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 267201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.267201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700026 PM 11800852 ER PT J AU Siders, CW Rodriguez, G Siders, JLW Omenetto, FG Taylor, AJ AF Siders, CW Rodriguez, G Siders, JLW Omenetto, FG Taylor, AJ TI Measurement of ultrafast ionization dynamics of gases by multipulse interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; PULSES; INTENSITY; PHASE; AIR AB Ultrafast ionization dynamics of femtosecond laser-irradiated noble and simple diatomic gases were studied using a novel two-color time-domain technique which eliminated significant complications seen in past experiments. Ultrafast depletion of the probing laser pulse was observed strictly coincident with the ionization front and attributed to a previously unobserved nonlinear frequency mixing via the transverse plasma current [F. Brunel, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 52 (1990)]. Good quantitative agreement of the measured single-atom ionization rates with Ammosov-Delone-Krainov rates was found, except for O-2 which showed a 200x smaller rate. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Siders, CW (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 26 AR 263002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.263002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 506YQ UT WOS:000172999700006 PM 11800832 ER PT J AU de Koning, M Antonelli, A Yip, S AF de Koning, M Antonelli, A Yip, S TI Single-simulation determination of phase boundaries: A dynamic Clausius-Clapeyron integration method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SOLID-FLUID COEXISTENCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MELTING CURVE; NONEQUILIBRIUM MEASUREMENTS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MODEL SYSTEMS; PURE THEORY; ARGON; EQUILIBRIUM AB We present a dynamic implementation of the Clausius-Clapeyron integration (CCI) method for mapping out phase-coexistence boundaries through a single atomistic simulation run. In contrast to previous implementations, where the reversible path of coexistence conditions is generated from a series of independent equilibrium simulations, dynamic Clausius-Clapeyron integration (d-CCI) explores an entire coexistence boundary in a single nonequilibrium simulation. The method gives accurately the melting curve for a system of particles interacting through the Lennard-Jones potential. Furthermore, we apply d-CCI to compute the melting curve of an ab initio pair potential for argon and verify earlier studies on the effects of many-body interactions and quantum effects in the melting of argon. The d-CCI method shows to be effective in both applications, giving converged coexistence curves spanning a wide range of thermodynamic states from relatively short nonequilibrium simulations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP de Koning, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-371, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI de Koning, Maurice/E-1115-2012; Antonelli, Alex/D-4104-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI de Koning, Maurice/0000-0002-0035-4170; Antonelli, Alex/0000-0002-2784-812X; NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 24 BP 11025 EP 11035 DI 10.1063/1.1420486 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 501KE UT WOS:000172683200003 ER PT J AU Frischkorn, C Bragg, AE Davis, AV Wester, R Neumark, DM AF Frischkorn, C Bragg, AE Davis, AV Wester, R Neumark, DM TI Electronic relaxation dynamics of carbon cluster anions: Excitation of the (C)over-tilde(2)Pi(g)<-(X)over-tilde(2)Pi(u) transition in C-6(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; NEON MATRICES; LINEAR C-6; INTERNAL-CONVERSION; CHAINS; DETACHMENT; MOLECULES; C-4(-); IONS AB Anion femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy (FPES) has been used to monitor intramolecular electronic relaxation dynamics following the excitation of the (C) over tilde (2)Pi (g)<--(X) over tilde (2)Pi (u) 0(0)(0) electronic transition in C-6(-). The time-dependent photoelectron spectra provide a detailed picture of the relaxation dynamics in which the initially excited (C) over tilde (2)Pi (g) (v=0) level evolves into highly vibrationally excited C-6(-) in its ground electronic state. The spectra show evidence for a two-step relaxation mechanism: internal conversion (IC) to vibrationally excited (B) over tilde (2)Sigma (+)(u) and (A) over tilde (2)Sigma (+)(g) states, occurring on a time scale of 730 +/- 50 fs, followed by IC from these intermediate states to highly vibrationally excited levels in the (X) over tilde (2)Pi (u) ground state with a time constant of 3.0 +/-0.1 ps. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frischkorn, C (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Wester, Roland/J-6293-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Wester, Roland/0000-0001-7935-6066 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 24 BP 11185 EP 11192 DI 10.1063/1.1421378 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 501KE UT WOS:000172683200017 ER PT J AU Goldbach, A Saboungi, ML Iton, LE Price, DL AF Goldbach, A Saboungi, ML Iton, LE Price, DL TI Approach to band gap alignment in confined semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SELENIUM; SE; ZEOLITES; CHAINS; CHANNELS; SPECTROSCOPY; MORDENITE; GLASSES AB Se has been sorbed into the pore system of Cu(2+)-ion exchanged Y zeolite to investigate the effect of transition metal countercations on the structure and electronic properties of the incorporated semiconductor. Results from anomalous x-ray scattering experiments at the Se K-absorption edge and Raman measurements show the formation of isolated, strongly disordered Se(x) chains (x --> infinity) with an intrachain bond length of 2.39 Angstrom. The difference pair correlation function T(Se)(r) exhibits a short-range pair correlation at 3.30 Angstrom, which is attributed to specific Cu(2+)-Se(x) interactions. The optical spectrum of the composite is characterized by a strong absorption band around 400 nm with a shoulder at 450 nm and an optical band gap of 2.09 eV. The strong Cu(2+)-Se(x) correlation is explained by charge transfer from the Se(x) chains to the cations, and the formation of band gap states is postulated to account for the unusually long intrachain bond length and the remarkably small band gap. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, CRMD, F-45071 Orleans, France. Univ Stuttgart, Inst Grenzflachenverfahrenstech, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. CNRS, CRMHT, F-45071 Orleans, France. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mls@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 22 PY 2001 VL 115 IS 24 BP 11254 EP 11260 DI 10.1063/1.1416125 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 501KE UT WOS:000172683200026 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Hall, SB Burrell, AK Officer, DL AF Yang, XH Hall, SB Burrell, AK Officer, DL TI A pH-responsive hydroquinone-functionalised glassy carbon electrode SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; DIAZONIUM SALTS; COVALENT MODIFICATION; SURFACES; OXIDATION AB A pH-responsive electrode may be formed by covalent modification of glassy carbon by reduction of a diazonium salt hydroquinone precursor, followed by chemical demethylation. C1 Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hall, SB (reprint author), Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Nanomat Res Ctr, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 IS 24 BP 2628 EP 2629 DI 10.1039/b107921b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 507TG UT WOS:000173044900051 ER PT J AU Arnold, ND Attig, J Banks, G Bechtold, R Beczek, K Benson, C Berg, S Berg, W Biedron, SG Biggs, JA Borland, M Boerste, K Bosek, M Brzowski, WR Budz, J Carwardine, JA Castro, P Chae, YC Christensen, S Clark, C Conde, M Crosbie, EA Decker, GA Dejus, RJ DeLeon, H Den Hartog, PK Deriy, BN Dohan, D Dombrowski, P Donkers, D Doose, CL Dortwegt, RJ Edwards, GA Eidelman, Y Erdmann, MJ Error, J Ferry, R Flood, R Forrestal, J Freund, H Friedsam, H Gagliano, J Gai, W Galayda, JN Gerig, R Gilmore, RL Gluskin, E Goeppner, GA Goetzen, J Gold, C Gorski, AJ Grelick, AE Hahne, MW Hanuska, S Harkay, KC Harris, G Hillman, AL Hogrefe, R Hoyt, J Huang, Z Jagger, JM Jansma, WG Jaski, M Jones, SJ Keane, RT Kelly, AL Keyser, C Kim, KJ Kim, SH Kirshenbaum, M Klick, JH Knoerzer, K Koldenhoven, RJ Knott, M Labuda, S Laird, R Lang, J Lenkszus, F Lessner, ES Lewellen, JW Li, Y Lill, RM Lumpkin, AH Makarov, OA Markovich, GM McDowell, M McDowell, WP McNamara, PE Meier, T Meyer, D Michalek, W Milton, SV Moe, H Moog, ER Morrison, L Nassiri, A Noonan, JR Otto, R Pace, J Pasky, SJ Penicka, JM Pietryla, AF Pile, G Pitts, C Power, J Powers, T Putnam, CC Puttkammer, AJ Reigle, D Reigle, L Ronzhin, D Rotela, ER Russell, EF Sajaev, V Sarkar, S Scapino, JC Schroeder, K Seglem, RA Sereno, NS Sharma, SK Sidarous, JF Singh, O Smith, TL Soliday, R Sprau, GA Stein, SJ Stejskal, B Svirtun, V Teng, LC Theres, E Thompson, K Tieman, BJ Torres, JA Trakhtenberg, EM Travish, G Trento, GF Vacca, J Vasserman, IB Vinokurov, NA Walters, DR Wang, J Wang, XJ Warren, J Wesling, S Weyer, DL Wiemerslage, G Wilhelmi, K Wright, R Wyncott, D Xu, S Yang, BX Yoder, W Zabel, RB AF Arnold, ND Attig, J Banks, G Bechtold, R Beczek, K Benson, C Berg, S Berg, W Biedron, SG Biggs, JA Borland, M Boerste, K Bosek, M Brzowski, WR Budz, J Carwardine, JA Castro, P Chae, YC Christensen, S Clark, C Conde, M Crosbie, EA Decker, GA Dejus, RJ DeLeon, H Den Hartog, PK Deriy, BN Dohan, D Dombrowski, P Donkers, D Doose, CL Dortwegt, RJ Edwards, GA Eidelman, Y Erdmann, MJ Error, J Ferry, R Flood, R Forrestal, J Freund, H Friedsam, H Gagliano, J Gai, W Galayda, JN Gerig, R Gilmore, RL Gluskin, E Goeppner, GA Goetzen, J Gold, C Gorski, AJ Grelick, AE Hahne, MW Hanuska, S Harkay, KC Harris, G Hillman, AL Hogrefe, R Hoyt, J Huang, Z Jagger, JM Jansma, WG Jaski, M Jones, SJ Keane, RT Kelly, AL Keyser, C Kim, KJ Kim, SH Kirshenbaum, M Klick, JH Knoerzer, K Koldenhoven, RJ Knott, M Labuda, S Laird, R Lang, J Lenkszus, F Lessner, ES Lewellen, JW Li, Y Lill, RM Lumpkin, AH Makarov, OA Markovich, GM McDowell, M McDowell, WP McNamara, PE Meier, T Meyer, D Michalek, W Milton, SV Moe, H Moog, ER Morrison, L Nassiri, A Noonan, JR Otto, R Pace, J Pasky, SJ Penicka, JM Pietryla, AF Pile, G Pitts, C Power, J Powers, T Putnam, CC Puttkammer, AJ Reigle, D Reigle, L Ronzhin, D Rotela, ER Russell, EF Sajaev, V Sarkar, S Scapino, JC Schroeder, K Seglem, RA Sereno, NS Sharma, SK Sidarous, JF Singh, O Smith, TL Soliday, R Sprau, GA Stein, SJ Stejskal, B Svirtun, V Teng, LC Theres, E Thompson, K Tieman, BJ Torres, JA Trakhtenberg, EM Travish, G Trento, GF Vacca, J Vasserman, IB Vinokurov, NA Walters, DR Wang, J Wang, XJ Warren, J Wesling, S Weyer, DL Wiemerslage, G Wilhelmi, K Wright, R Wyncott, D Xu, S Yang, BX Yoder, W Zabel, RB TI Observation and analysis of self-amplified spontaneous emission at the APS low-energy undulator test line SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser; self-amplified spontaneous emission ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; HIGH-GAIN; FEL PROJECT; MILLIMETER AB Exponential growth of self-amplified spontaneous emission at 530 mm was first experimentally observed at the Advanced Photon Source low-energy undulator test line in December 1999. Since then, further detailed measurements and analysis of the results have been made. Here, we present the measurements and compare these with calculations based on measured electron beam properties and theoretical expectations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Wakefield Accelerator, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Milton, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Travish, Gil/H-4937-2011 OI Travish, Gil/0000-0002-4787-0949 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01530-3 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900007 ER PT J AU Xie, M AF Xie, M TI Grand initial value problem of high gain free electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE 3D high gain FEL theory; SASE; noise power; initial value problem ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; OUTPUT POWER; FEL; COHERENCE; DIFFRACTION; MODES AB Initial value problem is one of the cornerstones in the framework of high gain free electron laser (FEL) theory. It determines the startup of FEL interaction from initial signal or noise in either laser field or electron beam. Yet, this problem was solved only for the cases without emittance and betatron oscillations. In this paper, we present the first solution to the initial value problem in a grand scale by expanding the startup theory into the six-dimensional phase space. In particular, with Gaussian beam distribution, explicit calculations of mode coupling from input field and noise power for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) are presented. One of the major results is the discovery of excessively large noise power for SASE. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01534-0 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900011 ER PT J AU Huang, ZR Kim, KJ AF Huang, ZR Kim, KJ TI Solution to the initial value problem for a high-gain FEL via Van Kampen's method SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE initial value problem; high-gain free-electron laser; self-amplified spontaneous emission ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; FREE-ELECTRON-LASER AB Using Van Kampen's normal mode expansion, we solve the initial value problem for a high-gain free-electron laser described by the three-dimensional Maxwell-Klimontovich equations. An expression of the radiation spectrum is given for the process of coherent amplification and self-amplified spontaneous emission. It is noted that the input coupling coefficient for either process increases with the initial beam energy spread. The effective start-up noise is identified as the coherent fraction of the spontaneous undulator radiation in one field gain length, and is larger with increasing energy spread and emittance mainly because of the increase in gain length. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, ZR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01535-2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900012 ER PT J AU Vinokurov, NA Huang, Z Shevchenko, OA Kim, KJ AF Vinokurov, NA Huang, Z Shevchenko, OA Kim, KJ TI Quasilinear theory of high-gain FEL saturation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser ID ELECTRON AB Understanding of saturation behavior is important to assess the performance of a high-gain free-electron laser. In this paper, we study the saturation mechanism using a quasilinear approximation to the coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations. It is found that the quasilinear theory correctly describes the evolution of the radiation field from the small signal regime to reaching saturation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vinokurov, NA (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, 11 Acad Lavrentyev Prosp, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01525-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900014 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Yu, LH AF Wu, JH Yu, LH TI Eigenmodes and mode competition in a high-gain free-electron laser including alternating-gradient focusing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE eigenmodes; modes competition; high gain FEL; alternating-gradient focusing ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SCALING FUNCTION; SIMULATION; CODE AB We solve the eigenvalue problem for a high gain free-electron laser in the ''water-bag'' model including alternating-gradient focusing by a variational-solution-based (VSB) expansion method. Such VSB expansion method is very efficient for finding the eigenvalue. The results agree with those obtained by numerical simulation quite well. We further discuss the mode degeneracy and mode competition. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, ATF, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wu, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, ATF, Bldg 725 C,Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01526-1 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900015 ER PT J AU Wu, JH Yu, LH AF Wu, JH Yu, LH TI Coherent hard X-ray production by cascading stages of High Gain Harmonic Generation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE High Gain Harmonic Generation FEL; coherent hard X-ray; cascading; stability ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; BUNCH TECHNIQUE; OUTPUT POWER; RADIATION; SIMULATION; BEAM; NM AB We study a new approach to produce coherent hard X-rays by cascading several stages of High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG). Our calculation shows that such a scheme is feasible within the present technology. Compared with the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) scheme for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the HGHG scheme can provide radiation with full longitudinal coherence, narrower bandwidth, more stable central wavelength, more controllable pulse length, and much higher performance stability. The electron bunch parameters used in our calculation are those of the DESY TTF and SLAC LCLS projects. To achieve similar output power, i.e. about 15 GW, the total length of the HGHG scheme will be 88 m, while that of SASE scheme will be around 100 m. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, CN Yang Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wu, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 104 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01552-2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900019 ER PT J AU Huang, ZR Kim, KJ AF Huang, ZR Kim, KJ TI Nonlinear harmonic generation of coherent amplification and self-amplified spontaneous emission SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE nonlinear harmonic generation; coherent amplification; self-amplified spontaneous emission ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER AB Nonlinear harmonic generation in a uniform planar undulator is analyzed using the three-dimensional Maxwell-Klimontovich equations that include both even and odd harmonic emissions. After a certain stage of exponential growth, the dominant nonlinear harmonic interaction is caused by strong bunching at the fundamental. As a result, gain length, transverse profile, and temporal structure of these harmonic radiations are eventually determined by those of the fundamental. Transversely coherent third-harmonic radiation power is found to approach one percent of the fundamental power level for current high-gain FEL projects, while the power of the second-harmonic radiation is less but still significant for relatively low-energy FEL experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huang, ZR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01553-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900020 ER PT J AU Biedron, SG Freund, HP Milton, SV Yu, LH Wang, XJ AF Biedron, SG Freund, HP Milton, SV Yu, LH Wang, XJ TI Nonlinear harmonics in the high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron lasers; harmonic generation; frequency conversion; coherence; intense particle beams; radiation sources ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; DESIGN; CODE AB We have previously performed rigorous analyses of the nonlinear harmonics in self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron lasers (FELs) using a 3D simulation code. To date, we have presented only preliminary results of these higher harmonics resulting in the high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) process. A single-pass, high-gain FEL experiment based on the HGHG theory is underway at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in collaboration with the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Using the above experiment's design parameters, the specific case of the harmonic output from the HGHG experiment will be examined using a 3D simulation code. The sensitivity of nonlinear harmonic output for this HGHG experiment as functions of emittance, energy spread, and peak current in both cases, and for the dispersive section strength and input seed power in the HGHG case, will be presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lund Univ, Max Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01554-6 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900021 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Song, SB AF Kim, KJ Song, SB TI Self-amplified spontaneous emission in Smith-Purcell free-electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE Smith-Purcell; FEL; SASE; grating AB We present an analysis of a Smith-Purcell system in which a thin current sheet of electrons moves above a grating surface in the direction perpendicular to the grating grooves. We develop a consistent theory for evolution of the electromagnetic field and electron distribution in the exponential growth regime starting from the initial electron noise and the incoming amplitude. The dispersion relation for the complex growth rate for this system is a quadratic equation. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Song, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01576-5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900028 ER PT J AU Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D Colson, WB Crooker, PP Blau, J McGinnis, RD Benson, SV Gubeli, JF Neil, GR AF Christodoulou, A Lampiris, D Colson, WB Crooker, PP Blau, J McGinnis, RD Benson, SV Gubeli, JF Neil, GR TI Simulations of the TJNAF FEL with tapered and inversely tapered undulators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE taper; inverse taper; free-electron laser; simulation ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; 2-COLOR OPERATION AB Experiments using the TJNAF FEL have explored the operation with both tapered and inversely tapered undulators. We present here numerical simulations using the TJNAF experimental parameters, including the effects of taper. Single-mode simulations show the effect of taper on gain. Multimode simulations describe the evolution of short optical pulses in the far infrared, and show how taper affects single-pass gain and steady-state power as a function of desynchronism. A short optical pulse presents an ever-changing field strength to each section of the electron pulse so that idealized operation is not possible. Yet, advantages for the recirculation of the electron beam can be explored. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, FEL Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01561-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900032 ER PT J AU Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Pinayev, IV Wu, Y AF Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Pinayev, IV Wu, Y TI Operation of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL below 200 nm SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free electron laser; storage ring; optical klystron; deep ultraviolet; coherence ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; NIJI-IV FEL; OPTICAL KLYSTRON; ULTRAVIOLET REGIONS; DYNAMIC APERTURE; DEEP-UV; GAIN AB For a number of years the wavelength of 200 nm was a psychological barrier for FEL oscillators. The progress towards short wavelength was marginal since the OK-4/VEPP-3 storage ring FEL lased at 240 nm in 1988. After 10 years, in 1998, the OK-4/Duke FEL and the NIJI-IV FEL group moved the limit to 217 and 212 nm, respectively. Improvements of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL gain above 10% and the use of custom manufactured mirror coatings brought the success in August 1999. The OK-4 FEL lased in the range from 193.7 to 209.8 nm using electron energies from 500 to 800 MeV. In this paper, we present the description of the OK-4/Duke FEL up-grades and the lasing results below 200 nm obtained in August and October of 1999. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. KAERI, Yusung Ku, Taejon, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Litvinenko, VN (reprint author), Duke Univ, FEL Lab, POB 90319, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01559-5 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900035 ER PT J AU Pinayev, IV Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Wu, Y Emamian, M Hower, N Patterson, J Swift, G AF Pinayev, IV Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Wu, Y Emamian, M Hower, N Patterson, J Swift, G TI Giant high-peak power pulses in the UVOK-4/Duke storage ring FEL using the gain modulator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free electron laser; storage ring; optical klystron; peak power; harmonies generation ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; UV FEL; OPERATION AB We use the gain modulation technique to generate giant pulses in the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL for applications requiring high peak power. This technique provides the increase of the peak power by several orders of magnitude. It is also very reliable, predictable and reproducible. The design, the parameters and the gain modulator performance are described. Comparison of expected and measured pulse forms is presented. Application of gain modulator for future harmonic generation experiments is also discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. KAERI, Yusung Ku, Taejon, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pinayev, IV (reprint author), Duke Univ, FEL Lab, POB 90319, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01572-8 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900039 ER PT J AU Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Pinayev, IV Wu, Y Lumpkin, A Yang, B AF Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Pinayev, IV Wu, Y Lumpkin, A Yang, B TI Fourier limited micro-pulses in the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser; storage rin-g.; ultraviolet; Fourier limited spectra AB The Super-modes are Fourier limited FEL micro-pulses predicted by Dattoli and Renieri in 1980. The OK-4 FEL at Duke, operating in the wavelength range from 193.7 nm to 730 nm, was the first to observe the Super-modes in a storage ring FEL in 1996. Since 1996, the up-graded diagnostics and improved control of the RF frequency allowed generation of Super-modes on a regular basis and systematic study of them. The Gaussian FEL micro-pulses with 1.3 ps RMS duration and Fourier limited RMS linewidth were generated in 1998-1999. In this paper we present the results of our studies and the comparison with theoretical predictions. We also present practical criteria for operating SR FELs with Super-modes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Litvinenko, VN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Box 90319, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01570-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900041 ER PT J AU Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Pinayev, IV Wu, Y AF Litvinenko, VN Park, SH Pinayev, IV Wu, Y TI Time structure of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free electron laser; storage ring; optical klystron; time structure; peak power ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SUPER-ACO; TEMPORAL STRUCTURE; UV FEL; GAIN AB In this paper, we present results of experimental and theoretical studies of macro- and micro-temporal of dynamics of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL (SR FEL) and electron beams. The experimental part of these studies utilized the Hamamatsu C5680 dual-sweep streak-camera with 1.2 ps resolution. We use both numerical and analytical tools for theoretical analysis of the FEL and e-beam distributions without any pre-imposed limitations. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. KAERI, Yusung Ku, Taejon, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Litvinenko, VN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Box 90319, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01569-8 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900042 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Litvinenko, VN Mikhailov, SF Shevchenko, OA Vinokurov, NA Gavrilov, NG Shaftan, TV Kairan, DA AF Wu, Y Litvinenko, VN Mikhailov, SF Shevchenko, OA Vinokurov, NA Gavrilov, NG Shaftan, TV Kairan, DA TI Lattice modification and nonlinear dynamics for elliptically polarized VUVOK-5FEL source at Duke storage ring SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE storage ring; FEL; dynamic aperture; Wiggler AB The Duke storage ring is a light source ring optimized for driving the Free Electron Lasers (FELs). To take advantage of the high brightness of the electron beam in the storage ring, a next generation FEL source - an elliptically polarized OK-5 FEL system, has been designed to match the electron beam quality of the Duke storage ring. In this paper, we present the storage ring lattice modifications which are necessary to accommodate the 24 m long OK-5 FEL. Because of its length and strong nonlinear focusing, the OK-5 FEL is expected to have a significant impact on the electron beam dynamics. We also present the preliminary results on the dynamic aperture calculation for the OK-5 FEL operated in different modes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Box 90319,LaSalle St Extens, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009; Kayran, Dmitry/E-1876-2013 OI Kayran, Dmitry/0000-0002-1156-4384 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01567-4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900044 ER PT J AU Doyuran, A Babzien, M Shaftan, T Biedron, SG Yu, LH Ben-Zvi, I DiMauro, LF Graves, W Johnson, E Krinsky, S Malone, R Pogorelsky, I Skaritka, J Rakowsky, G Wang, XJ Woodle, M Yakimenko, V Jagger, J Sajaev, V AF Doyuran, A Babzien, M Shaftan, T Biedron, SG Yu, LH Ben-Zvi, I DiMauro, LF Graves, W Johnson, E Krinsky, S Malone, R Pogorelsky, I Skaritka, J Rakowsky, G Wang, XJ Woodle, M Yakimenko, V Jagger, J Sajaev, V TI New results of the high-gain harmonic generation free-electron laser experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser AB We report on the experimental investigation of high-gain harmonic generation carried out at the Accelerator Test Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. A seed CO, laser at a wavelength of 10.6 mum was used to generate FEL output at a 5.3-mum wavelength. The duration of the output pulse was measured using a second-harmonic intensity autocorrelator, and the coherence length was measured using an interferometer. We also measured the energy distribution of the electron beam after it exited the second undulator, observing behavior consistent with that is expected at saturation. The intensity of the harmonic components of the output at 2.65 and 1.77 mum was determined relative to that of the 5.3- Lm fundamental. Finally, using a corrector magnet upstream of the radiator, steering effects on the trajectories of the electron and light beams were studied. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doyuran, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 260 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01637-0 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900045 ER PT J AU Benson, S Gubeli, J Neil, GR AF Benson, S Gubeli, J Neil, GR TI An experimental study of an FEL oscillator with a linear taper SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE high power; tapered FEL; efficiency enhancement ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; UNDULATOR; FEATURES AB Motivated by the work of Saldin, Schneidmiller and Yurkov, we have measured the detuning curve widths, spectral characteristics, efficiency, and energy spread as a function of the taper for low and high Q resonators in the IR Demo FEL at Jefferson Lab. Both positive and negative tapers were used. Gain and frequency agreed surprisingly well with the predictions of a single mode theory. The efficiency agreed reasonably well for a negative taper with a high Q resonator but disagreed for lower Q values both due to the large slippage parameter and the non-ideal resonator Q. We saw better efficiency for a negative taper than for the same positive taper. The energy spread induced in the beam. normalized to the efficiency is larger for the positive taper than for the corresponding negative taper, This indicates that a negative taper is preferred over a positive taper in an energy recovery FEL. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Jefferson Lab, TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, TJNAF, MS 6A,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 276 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01620-5 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900048 ER PT J AU Gluskin, E Vinokurov, NA Decker, G Dejus, RJ Emma, P Ilinski, P Moog, ER Nuhn, HD Vasserman, IB AF Gluskin, E Vinokurov, NA Decker, G Dejus, RJ Emma, P Ilinski, P Moog, ER Nuhn, HD Vasserman, IB TI Optimization of the design for the LCLS undulator line SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser; SASE AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) undulator line will consist of undulator segments separated by breaks of various lengths. Focusing quadrupoles, in a FODO lattice, and electron-beam diagnostics will be located in the breaks, and every third break will be longer to also accommodate photon diagnostics. The electron-beam beta function and the undulator period were selected to minimize the saturation length. The FEL simulation code RON has been used to optimize parameters such as the length of the undulators and the break lengths between undulators. Different break lengths after the first three undulators have been found to help reduce the overall undulator line saturation length. Tolerances for individual undulators have also been determined. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Moog, ER (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave,XFD-401, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01612-6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900056 ER PT J AU Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Schroeder, C Varfolomeev, A Tolmachev, S Nuhn, HD AF Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Schroeder, C Varfolomeev, A Tolmachev, S Nuhn, HD TI Optimization of an X-ray SASE-FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE FEL; wake fields; X-rays; helical undulator ID FLUCTUATIONS AB The most important characteristics of an X-ray SASE-FEL are determined by the electron beam energy, transverse and longitudinal emittance, and by choice of the undulator period, field, and gap. Among, them are the gain and saturation length, the amount and spectral characteristics of the spontaneous radiation, the wake fields due to the vacuum pipe. The spontaneous radiation intensity is very large in all X-ray SASE-FELs now being designed, and it contributes to the final electron beam energy spread, thus affecting the gain. It also produces a large background for the beam and radiation diagnostics instrumentation. The wake fields due to the resistivity and roughness of the beam pipe through the undulator, also affects the beam 6-dimensional phase space volume, and thus the gain and the line width. In this paper, we discuss ways to optimize the FEL when considering all these effects. In particular we consider and discuss the use of a hybrid iron-permanent magnet helical undulator to minimize some of these effects, and thus optimize the FEL design. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123128, Russia. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Reiche, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 328 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01611-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900057 ER PT J AU Frigola, P Murokh, A Musumeci, P Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Tremaine, A Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Johnson, E Malone, R Rakowsky, G Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Van Bibber, KA Bertolini, L Hill, JM Le Sage, GP Libkind, M Toor, A Carr, R Cornacchia, M Klaisner, L Nuhn, HD Ruland, R Nguyen, DC AF Frigola, P Murokh, A Musumeci, P Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Rosenzweig, J Tremaine, A Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Johnson, E Malone, R Rakowsky, G Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Van Bibber, KA Bertolini, L Hill, JM Le Sage, GP Libkind, M Toor, A Carr, R Cornacchia, M Klaisner, L Nuhn, HD Ruland, R Nguyen, DC TI Initial gain measurements of an 800 mn SASE FEL, VISA SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE SASE; FEL; undulator; high gain AB The Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier (VISA) FEL is designed to obtain high gain at a radiation wavelength of 800 nm. The FEL uses the high brightness electron beam of the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), with energy of 72 MeV. VISA uses a novel, 4 m long, strong focusing undulator with a gap of 6 mm and a period of 1.8 cm. To obtain large gain the beam and undulator axis have to be aligned to better than 5 mum. Results from initial measurements on the alignment, gain, and spectrum will be presented and compared to theoretical calculations and simulations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. LLNL, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. SLAC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tremaine, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01609-6 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900059 ER PT J AU Freund, HP Neil, GR AF Freund, HP Neil, GR TI Nonlinear harmonic generation in distributed optical klystrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron lasers; harmonics; optical klystron ID FEL AB A distributed optical klystron has the potential for dramatically shortening the total interaction length in high-gain free-electron lasers (INP 77-59, Novosibirsk, 1977; Nucl. Instr. and Meth A 304 (1991) 463) in comparison to a single-wiggler-segment configuration. This shortening can be even more dramatic if a nonlinear harmonic generation mechanism is used to reach the desired wavelength. An example operating at a 4.5 Angstrom fundamental and a 1.5 Angstrom harmonic is discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 Goodridge Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01542-X PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900066 ER PT J AU Neil, GR Freund, HP AF Neil, GR Freund, HP TI Dispersively enhanced bunching in high-gain free-electron lasers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB ID OPTICAL-KLYSTRON CONFIGURATION; HARMONIC-GENERATION; STORAGE-RING; FEL AB A free-electron laser based on a distributed optical klystron is studied using the 3D simulation code MEDUSA. The configuration consists of multiple wiggler segments separated by dipole chicanes. The chicanes ballistically enhance electron beam bunching and, in a properly designed system, can result in faster than exponential growth over the bulk of the interaction length. The principal constraint on the concept is the stringent requirements on beam quality. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Freund, HP (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 Goodridge Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01544-3 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900068 ER PT J AU Biedron, SG Milton, SV Freund, HP AF Biedron, SG Milton, SV Freund, HP TI Modular approach to achieving the next-generation X-ray light source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron lasers; harmonic generation; frequency conversion; coherence; intense particle beams and radiation sources ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; NONLINEAR HARMONIC-GENERATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS; GAIN; RADIATION; SIMULATION; DESIGN AB A modular approach to the next-generation light source is described. The "modules" include photocathode, radiofrequency, electron guns and their associated drive-laser systems, linear accelerators, bunch-compression systems, seed laser systems, planar undulators, two-undulator harmonic generation schemes, high-gain harmonic generation systems, nonlinear higher harmonies, and wavelength shifting. These modules will be helpful in distributing the next-generation light source to many more laboratories than the current single-pass, high-gain free-electron laser designs permit, due to both monetary and/or physical space constraints. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lund Univ, Max Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01547-9 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900072 ER PT J AU Litvinenko, VN Mikhailov, SF Shevchenko, OA Vinokurov, NA Gavrilov, NG Kulipanov, GN Shaftan, TV Vobly, PD Wu, Y AF Litvinenko, VN Mikhailov, SF Shevchenko, OA Vinokurov, NA Gavrilov, NG Kulipanov, GN Shaftan, TV Vobly, PD Wu, Y TI The OK-5/Duke storage ring VUVFEL with variable polarization SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NC HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free electron laser; storage ring; optical klystron; deep ultraviolet; coherence ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; GAMMA-RAY SOURCE; OPTICAL KLYSTRON; FEL; DUKE; PERFORMANCE; WIGGLERS; LATTICE AB The OK-5/Duke storage ring free electron laser (FEL) project was started in 1998. Presently, the components of the OK-5 FEL and the new South straight section are in the final stage of manufacturing. This paper describes the design and the main features of the OK-5/Duke storage ring FEL. The basic concepts and main compromises made in the design process are presented. Plans for the OK-5 FEL commissioning are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Litvinenko, VN (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, FEL Lab, POB 90319, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM vl@phy.duke.edu RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009 NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01548-0 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900073 ER PT J AU Mikhailov, SF Litvinenko, VN Wu, Y AF Mikhailov, SF Litvinenko, VN Wu, Y TI Low emittance lattice for the Duke storage ring soft X-ray FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE emittance; storage ring; free-electron-laser ID DYNAMIC APERTURE; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, we present a possible lattice for the Duke storage ring with horizontal emittance of 1.4 nm rad at an energy of I GeV. The new lattice was constrained to fit the layout of the existing storage ring and to re-use existing magnets. Within these constrains, the improvement of the emittance (from current 18 nm rad) is possible due to the use in the arcs of combined function bending magnets with strong dipole, quadrupole and sextuple fields. We present the results of 2D and 3D simulations of magnetic fields for these magnets. We discuss the choice of the arc's lattice cell and the per-cell tune advance. The lattice is based on the concept of local compensation of the nonlinear geometrical aberrations. Preliminary studies of the dynamic aperture for this lattice are very encouraging. We briefly discuss the possibility further emittance reduction using new magnets for the arcs. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Duke Univ, FEL Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. LBNL, ALS, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Mikhailov, SF (reprint author), Duke Univ, FEL Lab, Box 90139,LaSalle St Ext, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01636-9 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900074 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Berg, WJ Chae, YC Sereno, NS Dejus, RJ Benson, C Moog, E AF Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Berg, WJ Chae, YC Sereno, NS Dejus, RJ Benson, C Moog, E TI Utilization of CTR to measure the evolution of electron-beam microbunching in a self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; HIGH-GAIN; DIAGNOSTICS; REGIME AB We report on the first measurements of the z-dependent evolution of electron-beam microbunching as revealed through coherent transition radiation (CTR) measurements in a visible self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser experiment. The increase in microbunching was detected by tracking the growth of the visible CTR signals as generated from insertable metal mirrors/foils after each of the last three undulators. The same optical imaging diagnostics that were used to track the z-dependent intensity of the undulator radiation (UR) were also used to track the electron beam/CTR information. Angular distribution, beam size, and intensity data were obtained after each of the last three undulators in the five-undulator series, and spectral information was obtained after the last undulator. The exponential growth rate of the CTR was found to be very similar to that of the UR and consistent with simulations using the code GENESIS. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 401,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01688-6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900083 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Rule, DW AF Lumpkin, AH Sereno, NS Rule, DW TI First measurements of subpicosecond electron beam structure by autocorrelation of coherent diffraction radiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE bunchlength; subpicosecond; coherent diffraction radiation AB We report the initial measurements of subpicosecond electron beam structure using a nonintercepting technique based on the autocorrelation of coherent diffraction radiation (CDR). A far infrared (FIR) Michelson interferometer with a Golay detector was used to obtain the autocorrelation. The radiation was generated by a thermionic rf gun beam at 40 MeV as it passed through a 5-mm-tall slit/aperture in a metal screen whose surface was at 45 degrees to the beam direction. For the observed bunch lengths of about 450 fs (FWHM) with a shorter time spike on the leading edge, peak currents of about 100 A are indicated. Also a model was developed and used to calculate the CDR from the back of two metal strips separated by a 5-mm vertical gap. The demonstrated nonintercepting aspect of this method could allow online bunch length characterizations to be done during free-electron laser experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 32,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01639-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900084 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, AH Arnold, ND Berg, WJ Borland, M Happek, U Lewellen, JW Sereno, NS AF Lumpkin, AH Arnold, ND Berg, WJ Borland, M Happek, U Lewellen, JW Sereno, NS TI Development of a coherent transition radiation-based bunch length monitor with application to the APS RF thermionic gun beam optimization SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE bunch length; subpicosecond; coherent transition radiation AB We report further development of an EPICS-compatible bunch length monitor based on the autocorrelation of coherent transition radiation (CTR). In this case the monitor was used to optimize the beam from the S-band thermionic RIF gun on the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linac. Bunch lengths of 400-500 fs (FWHM) were measured in the core of the beam, which corresponded to about 100-A peak current in each micropulse. The dependence of the CTR signal on the square of the beam charge for the beam core was demonstrated. We also report the first use of the beam accelerated to 217 MeV for successful visible wavelength SASE FEL experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Bldg 32,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01627-8 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900085 ER PT J AU Li, R AF Li, R TI Sensitivity of the CSR self-interaction to the local longitudinal charge concentration of an electron bunch SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB AB Recent measurements of the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) effects indicated that the observed emittance growth and energy modulation due to the orbit-curvature-induced bunch self-interaction are sometimes bigger than predictions based on Gaussian longitudinal charge distributions. In this paper, by performing a model study, we show both analytically and numerically that when the longitudinal bunch charge distribution involves concentration of charges in a small fraction of the bunch length, enhancement of the CSR self-interaction beyond the Gaussian prediction may occur. The level of this enhancement is sensitive to the level of the local charge concentration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. Ah rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01604-7 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900089 ER PT J AU Benson, S Shinn, M Neil, GR AF Benson, S Shinn, M Neil, GR TI Transient mirror heating theory and experiment in the Jefferson Lab IR Demo FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE high power; resonators; optics AB During commissioning of the IR Demo FEL at Jefferson Lab, we noticed that the FEL exhibited a rapid power drop with time when the first set of 3 mum mirrors was used. Though the rate of power drop was unexpected, it was thought that it could be due to a distortion of the mirrors during a time short compared to the thermal diffusion time. This transient distortion might affect the laser more than the steady state distortion. This paper presents some analysis of the transient mirror heating problem and some recent experimental results using different mirror substrates and coatings. It is found that the behavior of the first mirror set cannot be reconciled with the observed power falloff if a linear absorption is assumed. The power drop in more recent experiments is consistent with linear thermal analysis. No anomalous transient effects are seen. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TJNAF, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), TJNAF, Jefferson Lab, MS 6A,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01598-4 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900095 ER PT J AU Siggins, T Sinclair, C Bohn, C Bullard, D Douglas, D Grippo, A Gubeli, J Krafft, GA Yunn, B AF Siggins, T Sinclair, C Bohn, C Bullard, D Douglas, D Grippo, A Gubeli, J Krafft, GA Yunn, B TI Performance of a DC GaAs photocathode gun for the jefferson lab FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE photocathode; FEL; emittance ID ELECTRON AB The performance of the 320 kV DC photocathode gun has met the design specifications for the I kW IR Demo FEL at Jefferson Lab. This gun has shown the ability to deliver high average current beam with outstanding lifetimes. The GaAs photocathode has delivered 135 pC per bunch, at a bunch repetition rate of 37.425 MHz, corresponding to 5 mA average CW current. In a recent cathode lifetime measurement, 20 h of CW beam was delivered with an average current of 3.1 mA and 211 C of total charge from a 0.283 cm(2) illuminated spot. The cathode showed a Ile lifetime of 58 h and a 1/e extracted charge lifetime of 618 C. We have achieved quantum efficiencies of 5% from a GaAs wafer that has been in service for 13 months delivering in excess 2400 C with only three activation cycles. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Siggins, T (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01596-0 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900098 ER PT J AU Gubeli, J Evans, R Grippo, A Jordan, K Shinn, M Siggins, T AF Gubeli, J Evans, R Grippo, A Jordan, K Shinn, M Siggins, T TI Jefferson Lab IR demo FEL photocathode quantum efficiency scanner SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE GaAs photocathode; quantum efficiency; raster/scanner AB Jefferson Laboratory's Free Electron Laser (FEL) incorporates a cesiated gallium arsenide (GaAs) DC photocathode gun as its electron source. By using a set of scanning mirrors, the surface of the GaAs wafer is illuminated with a 543.5nm helium-neon laser. Measuring the current flow across the biased photocathode generates a quantum efficiency (QE) map of the 1-in. diameter wafer surface. The resulting QE map provides a very detailed picture of the efficiency of the wafer surface. By generating a QE map in a matter of minutes, the photocathode scanner has proven to be an exceptional tool in quickly determining sensitivity and availability of the photocathode for operation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gubeli, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave,MS 6A, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI EVANS, ROBIN/0000-0002-7988-3189 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 554 EP 558 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01695-3 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900099 ER PT J AU Thomson, RW Short, LR McGinnis, RD Colson, WB Shinn, MD Gubeli, JF Jordan, KC Hill, RA Biallas, GH Walker, RL Neil, GR Benson, SV Yunn, BC AF Thomson, RW Short, LR McGinnis, RD Colson, WB Shinn, MD Gubeli, JF Jordan, KC Hill, RA Biallas, GH Walker, RL Neil, GR Benson, SV Yunn, BC TI TJNAF free electron laser damage studies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE free-electron laser; laser damage AB Laser material damage experiments were conducted at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) free electron laser (FEL) user laboratory with an average power of 100 W and a power density Of 10(4)W/cm(2). The FEL beam bombards the target with a steady stream of tens of millions of pulses per second each containing 50 MW of power in a short burst of similar to 1 ps. No conventional laser combines these characteristics, and no experiments have previously been done to explore the effects of the FEL pulse, The goal is to develop scaling laws to accurately describe large-scale damage from a MW FEL using small-scale experiments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Free Electron Laser Dept, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Colson, WB (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01580-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900113 ER PT J AU Gracin, D Borjanovic, V Vlahovic, B Sunda-Meya, A Patterson, TM Dutta, JM Hauger, S Pinayev, I Ware, ME Alexson, D Nemanich, RJ von Roedern, B AF Gracin, D Borjanovic, V Vlahovic, B Sunda-Meya, A Patterson, TM Dutta, JM Hauger, S Pinayev, I Ware, ME Alexson, D Nemanich, RJ von Roedern, B TI Selective bond breaking in amorphous hydrogenated silicon by using Duke FEL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference/7th FEL Users Workshop (FEL 2000) CY AUG 13-18, 2000 CL DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA HO DUKE UNIV, FREE ELECT LASER LAB DE a-Si : H; structure; ordering; FEL; recrystallization; raman spectroscopy ID A-SI-H; DISORDER; DEFECTS; NETWORK; FILMS AB In order to study the possibility of influencing the phase containing predominantly Si-H bonds, while having minimal influence on the surrounding materials, samples of a-Si were exposed to Duke-FEL Mark III radiation. The wavelength of the radiation was selected to fit the absorption maximum of stretching vibrations of Si-H bonds (5 mum). By varying the wavelength in the vicinity of 5 mum, the illumination time and the power density, different types and degrees of structural ordering, of Si-H bonds and Si-Si bonds were obtained, and monitored by Raman spectroscopy. By increasing the energy density, at certain level the crystallization occurs. We were able to demonstrate a direct correlation between short and intermediate range ordering and the wavelength and intensity of the radiation. Using 5 mum at 10 kW/cm(2) leads to increase in structural disordering. However, increasing power to 60 kW/cm(2) improves both short and intermediate order in a-Si: H, as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy. Further increasing power density by an order of magnitude results in crystallization of the sample. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. Fac Elect Engn, Zagreb, Croatia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Duke Univ FEL, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Vlahovic, B (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RI Ware, Morgan/I-8233-2012; Gracin, Davor/J-3756-2012 OI Ware, Morgan/0000-0002-9998-4139; NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 475 IS 1-3 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01578-9 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 507DN UT WOS:000173011900115 ER PT J AU Reimer, PJ AF Reimer, PJ TI Archaeology - A new twist in the radiocarbon tate SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOCATION-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES; AGE CALIBRATION; C-14 CONTENT; WOOD C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Reimer, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Reimer, Paula/I-5915-2015 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5551 BP 2494 EP 2495 DI 10.1126/science.1068023 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 505QU UT WOS:000172927700040 PM 11743161 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Gross, RL Suits, AG AF Liu, XH Gross, RL Suits, AG TI "Heavy electron" photoelectron spectroscopy: Rotationally resolved ion pair imaging of CH3+ SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTRUM; DISSOCIATION; MOLECULES AB We applied the velocity map imaging technique under high-resolution conditions to study ion pair products of the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of methyl chloride. We obtained rotationally resolved kinetic energy release spectra that directly provide vibrational frequencies and rotational constants of the fundamental carbocation, CH3+. The technique is analogous to photoelectron spectroscopy, with the chloride anion playing the rote of a "heavy electron." The approach shows promise as a general probe of ionic species not amenable to study by traditional methods. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Gas Phase Mol Dynam Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Gas Phase Mol Dynam Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 21 PY 2001 VL 294 IS 5551 BP 2527 EP 2529 DI 10.1126/science.1066595 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 505QU UT WOS:000172927700052 PM 11752573 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA McCrea, K AF Somorjai, GA McCrea, K TI Roadmap for catalysis science in the 21st century: a personal view of building the future on past and present accomplishments SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE history of catalysis; molecular catalysis; ingredients of selectivity; high technology catalysts; frontiers of catalysis science ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; AMMONIA-SYNTHESIS; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; CO HYDROGENATION; ADSORPTION SITE; PT(111); SIZE; IRON; ETHYLIDYNE AB In the past, the focus of research in catalysis science was activity to optimize turnover rates. In the future, selectivity to form the desired product without the formation of byproducts will be the major research challenge. Our understanding of the molecular ingredients of selectivity needs to be improved. New synthetic methods of catalyst preparation are needed for precise control of size, structure, location of additives and location of catalyst particles on supports. Characterization of the catalysts under reaction conditions is essential as the catalyst restructures in the presence of the reactant mixture. Short contact time, high-temperature catalytic processes (catalytic combustion and pyrolysis) are frontier areas of catalysis science. Our concerns with clean air, water and soil provide challenges for catalytic solutions. Global catalytic processes that occur in oceans and in the soil should be explored. The field of enzymatic, heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis are likely to merge that provide opportunities for developing new catalytic processes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(01)00825-0 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 514EH UT WOS:000173425000002 ER PT J AU Tanihata, C Urry, CM Takahashi, T Kataoka, J Wagner, SJ Madejski, GM Tashiro, M Kouda, M AF Tanihata, C Urry, CM Takahashi, T Kataoka, J Wagner, SJ Madejski, GM Tashiro, M Kouda, M TI Variability timescales of TeV blazars observed in the ASCA continuous long-look X-ray monitoring SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (Markarian 421, Markarian 501; PKS 2155-304); galaxies : active; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LACERTAE OBJECT PKS-2155-304; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SPECTRAL VARIABILITY; RADIO-SOURCES; MARKARIAN-501; FLARE; JETS AB Three uninterrupted, long (lasting respectively 7, 10, and 10 days) ASCA observations of the well-studied TeV-bright blazars Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and PKS 2155-304 all show continuous strong X-ray flaring. Despite the relatively faint intensity states in two of the three sources, there was no identifiable quiescent period in any of the observations. Structure function analysis shows that all blazars have a characteristic timescale of similar to1 day, comparable to the recurrence time and to the timescale of the stronger flares. On the other hand, examination of these flares in more detail reveals that each of the strong flares is not a smooth increase and decrease but exhibits substructures of shorter flares having timescales of similar to 10 ks. We verify via simulations that in order to explain the observed structure function, these shorter flares ("shots") are unlikely to be fully random, but in some way are correlated with each other. The energy dependent cross-correlation analysis shows that interband lags are not universal in TeV blazars. This is important since in the past only positive detections of lags were reported. In this work, we determine that the sign of a lag may differ from flare to flare; significant lags of both signs were detected from several flares, while no significant lag was detected from others. However, we also argue that the nature of the underlying component can affect these values. The facts that all flares are nearly symmetric and that fast variability shorter than the characteristic timescale is strongly suppressed, support the scenario where the light crossing time dominates the variability timescales of the day-scale flares. C1 Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Landessternwarte Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RP Tanihata, C (reprint author), Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RI Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Sako, Chiharu/0000-0003-3243-3954 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 569 EP 581 DI 10.1086/323960 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900011 ER PT J AU Band, DL AF Band, DL TI The energy distribution of gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; methods : statistical AB The distribution of the apparent total energy emitted by a gamma-ray burst reflects not only the distribution of the energy actually released by the burst engine, but also the distribution of beaming angles. Using the observed energy fluences, the detection thresholds, and burst redshifts for three burst samples, I calculate the best-fit parameters for lognormal and power-law distributions of the apparent total energy. Two of the samples include a small number of bursts with spectroscopic redshifts, while the third sample has 220 bursts with redshifts determined by the proposed variability-luminosity correlation. I find different sets of parameter values for the three burst samples. The Bayesian odds ratio cannot distinguish between the two model distribution functions for the two smaller burst samples with spectroscopic redshifts, but does favor the lognormal distribution for the larger sample with variability-derived redshifts. The data do not rule out a distribution with a low-energy tail that is currently unobservable. I find that neglecting the burst detection threshold biases the fitted distribution to be narrower with a higher average value than the true distribution; this demonstrates the importance of determining and reporting the effective detection threshold for bursts in a sample. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Band, DL (reprint author), NASA, GLAST SSC, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 582 EP 591 DI 10.1086/323956 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900012 ER PT J AU Bland-Hawthorn, J Van Breugel, W Gillingham, PR Baldry, IK Jones, DH AF Bland-Hawthorn, J Van Breugel, W Gillingham, PR Baldry, IK Jones, DH TI A tunable Lyot filter at prime focus: A method for tracing supercluster scales at z similar to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE instrumentation : interferometers; large-scale structure of universe; stars : formation; techniques : interferometric ID H-ALPHA EMISSION; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; SURFACE BRIGHTNESS; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; SPIRAL GALAXIES; FORNAX CLUSTER; RADIO-SOURCE; CENTAURUS-A; SPECTROSCOPY; STARS AB Tunable narrowband emission line surveys have begun to show the ease with which star-forming galaxies can be identified in restricted redshift intervals to z similar to 5 with a 4 m class telescope. These surveys have been carried out with imaging systems at the Cassegrain or Nasmyth focus, and are therefore restricted to fields smaller than 10'. We now show that tunable narrowband imaging is possible over a 30' field with a high-performance Lyot filter placed directly in front of a CCD mosaic at the prime focus. Our design is intended for the f/3.3 prime focus of the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) 3.9 m, although similar devices can be envisaged for the Subaru 8 m (f/2), Palomar 5 m (f/3.4), Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) 4 m (f/6), Mayall 4 m (f/2.6), or the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) 3.6 m (f/4). A modified Wynne doublet ensures subarcsecond performance over the field. In combination with the new Wide-Field Imager 8k x 8k mosaic (WFI) at the AAT, the overall throughput (35%) of the system to unpolarized light is expected to be comparable to the TAURUS Tunable Filter (TTF). Unlike the TTF, the field is fully monochromatic, and the instrumental profile has much better wing suppression. For targeted surveys of emission line sources at z similar to 1, a low-resolution (R similar to 150 at 550 nm) Lyot filter on a 4 m telescope is expected to be comparable or superior to current instruments on 8-10 m class telescopes. We demonstrate that the 30' field is well matched to superclusters at these redshifts, such that large-scale structure should be directly observable. C1 Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. European So Observ, Santiago Headquarters, Santiago 19, Chile. RP Bland-Hawthorn, J (reprint author), Anglo Australian Observ, POB 296, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. OI Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385 NR 102 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 611 EP 628 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900015 ER PT J AU Grossan, B Gorjian, V Werner, M Ressler, M AF Grossan, B Gorjian, V Werner, M Ressler, M TI High-resolution mid-infrared images of the nucleus of M81 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (M81); galaxies : nuclei; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; BRIGHT GALAXIES; 4.85 GHZ; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; CATALOG; MICRONS; LINER AB We observed two nearby galaxies with potential or weak indications of nuclear activity, M32 and M81, with the MIRLIN mid-IR camera at N band (10.79 mum). M32 is not detected, but we give detailed measurements of the nucleus of M81. Our observations of M81 show a bright nuclear point source at N, and comparison to measurements made in the early 1970s gives an increase in nuclear flux of nearly a factor of 2. If the comparison is accurate, the nuclear mid-IR emission must ultimately be powered by a variable, compact source, similar to that in Seyfert galaxies and quasars. M81 has been classified in the literature as a low-luminosity LINER, not a pure Seyfert galaxy. Further, it has been suggested that this and other low-luminosity active galactic nuclei may have intrinsically different spectra than Seyfert galaxies and quasars. However, we find that the relative fluxes in the X-ray, mid-IR, and radio bands, all essentially unaffected by extinction and galaxy pollution, show a nuclear continuum remarkably like that of a bona Dde Seyfert galaxy or quasar. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Grossan, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, 50-232,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bruce@singu.lbl.gov; vg@coma.jpl.nasa.gov; mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov; Michael.E.Ressler@jpl.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP 687 EP 693 DI 10.1086/323948 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JE UT WOS:000172852900020 ER PT J AU Schaefer, BE Deng, M Band, DL AF Schaefer, BE Deng, M Band, DL TI Redshifts and luminosities for 112 gamma-ray bursts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; LIGHT-CURVE; EVOLUTION AB Two different luminosity indicators have recently been proposed for gamma-ray bursts that use gamma-ray observations alone. They relate the burst luminosity (L) with the time lag between peaks in hard and soft energies ( lag) and the spikiness or variability of the burst's light curve (V). These relations are currently justified and calibrated with only six or seven bursts with known redshifts. We have examined BATSE data for tau (lag) and V for 112 bursts. (1) A strong correlation between tlag and V exists, and it is exactly as predicted from the two proposed relations. This is proof that both luminosity indicators are reliable. (2) GRB 830801 is the all-time brightest burst, yet with a small V and a large tlag, and hence it is likely the closest known event, being perhaps as close as 3.2 Mpc. (3) We have combined the luminosities as derived from both indicators as a means to improve the statistical and systematic accuracy when compared with the accuracy from either method alone. The result is a list of 112 bursts with good luminosities and hence redshifts. (4) The burst-averaged hardness ratio rises strongly with the luminosity of the burst. (5) The burst luminosity function is a broken power law, with the break at L = 2 x 10(52) ergs. The numbers in logarithmic bins scale as above the break and as L-1.7 +/-0.1 below the break. (6) The comoving number density of GRBs varies with redshift roughly as (1 + z)(3.5 +/-0.3) between 0.2 < z < 5. This demonstrates that the burst rate follows the star formation rate at low redshifts, as expected since long bursts are generated by very massive stars. Excitingly, this result also provides a measure of the star formation rate out to z similar to 5 with no effects from reddening, and the rate is rising uniformly for redshifts above 2. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schaefer, BE (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, C-1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 19 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP L123 EP L127 DI 10.1086/338651 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JF UT WOS:000172853000008 ER PT J AU Trudolyubov, SP Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC AF Trudolyubov, SP Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC TI Bright X-ray transients in the andromeda galaxy observed with Chandra and XMM-Newton SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; galaxies : individual (M31) ID M31; REGION; NOVAE AB We study three transient X-ray sources that were bright in the central region of the M31 galaxy in the year 2000. Observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton allowed us for the first time to derive X-ray light curves of transient sources in M31 suitable for studying their variability on a timescale of months and, in some periods, weeks. The three sources demonstrate distinctly different types of X-ray variability and spectral characteristics. XMMU J004234.1+411808 is most likely a black hole candidate based on the similarity of its X-ray light curve and spectra to typical transient low-mass X-ray binaries observed in our Galaxy. The outburst of CXO J004242.0+411608 lasted longer than a year, which makes the source an unusual X-ray transient. The supersoft transient XMMU J004319.4+411759 is probably a classical nova-like system containing a magnetized, rapidly spinning white dwarf. We estimate a total rate of X-ray transient outbursts in the central bulge of M31 to be of the order similar to 10 yr(-1). The rate of the bright hard X-ray transients (similar to5 yr(-1)) in the central part of the Andromeda Galaxy appears to be comparable to that of the central part of our own Galaxy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NISDO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Trudolyubov, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp, NIS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 563 IS 2 BP L119 EP L122 DI 10.1086/338592 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504JF UT WOS:000172853000007 ER PT J AU Lammert, SA Plass, WR Thompson, CV Wise, MB AF Lammert, SA Plass, WR Thompson, CV Wise, MB TI Design, optimization and initial performance of a toroidal rf ion trap mass spectrometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Rf ion trap; ion trap analyzer geometry; geometry optimization; simulations; nonlinear fields; ion storage ID LINEAR PAUL TRAP; EJECTION; SIMULATION; EXCITATION; TOMOGRAPHY; SHIFTS AB The design, optimization, and initial performance of a novel ion trap mass analyzer is reported. This analyzer geometry is based on the edge rotation of an ion trap cross-section into the shape of a torus. The advantages of this design are that for a given device analyzer radius (r(o)), significantly higher ion storage capacity than that obtained with a traditional three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap may be possible. Initial performance of this device was poor however, due to the significant contribution of additional nonlinear fields introduced by the rotation of the symmetrical ion trap cross-section. These nonlinear fields contributed to poor mass resolution and sensitivity as well as erratic ion ejection behavior. Using field analysis and ion trajectory simulation computer programs to guide the optimization, the geometry of this toroidal rf ion trap analyzer was modified in an attempt to correct for these nonlinear fields. These programs revealed that the original, symmetric toroid analyzer trapping field had a significant, sublinear component. Increasing the endcap separation and intentionally skewing the cross-sectional symmetry of the device minimized the field faults. Ion trajectory simulations indicated that the mass resolution and sensitivity of this asymmetric analyzer should be dramatically improved. Based on these results, an asymmetric version of the toroidal rf ion trap analyzer was constructed and this device has demonstrated unit mass resolution performance. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lammertsa@ornl.gov NR 36 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 212 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00507-3 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 507AF UT WOS:000173003600006 ER PT J AU Allen, TM Cisper, ME Hemberger, PH Wilkerson, CW AF Allen, TM Cisper, ME Hemberger, PH Wilkerson, CW TI Simultaneous detection of volatile, semivolatile organic compounds, and organometallic compounds in both air and water matrices by using membrane introduction mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE membrane introduction mass spectrometry MIMS; simultaneous detection; chemical ionization ID ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYSIS; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION AB We present results for the simultaneous detection of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and organometallic compounds in air and water by using membrane introduction ion trap mass spectrometry. In these experiments, a membrane composed of a microporous polypropylene hollow support fiber coated with an ultrathin (similar to0.5 mum) polydimethylsiloxane layer serves as the interface between the sample and the vacuum of the mass spectrometer. Simultaneous detection of benzene, naphthalene, and ferrocene in aqueous solution is achieved by proton transfer chemical ionization using H3O+ from membrane-diffused water. With the same membrane, we also demonstrate the simultaneous detection of methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, 1-methylnaphthalene, and ferrocene in air with chemical ionization employing membrane-diffused oxygen from air as the reagent gas. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Isotag Technol Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cisper, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 212 IS 1-3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00487-0 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 507AF UT WOS:000173003600015 ER PT J AU de Clercq, HL Sen, AD Shukla, AK Futrell, JH AF de Clercq, HL Sen, AD Shukla, AK Futrell, JH TI Inelastic ion-surface collisions: scattering and dissociation of low energy benzene molecular cations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ion-surface collisions; surface-induced dissociation; scattering; energy transfer; kinetic energy distributions ID ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FILMS; POLYATOMIC IONS; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THIOL MONOLAYERS; LIQUID SURFACE; HYDROGEN IONS; NEUTRALIZATION; FRAGMENTATION; GOLD AB We have studied collisions of benzene cations with a self-assembled monolayer surface of alkanethiol on gold substrate at kinetic energies ranging from 10 to 50 eV at 45 degrees impact angle using a modified crossed-beam tandem mass spectrometer. Neutralization is the main reaction at all kinetic energies investigated. At ion kinetic energies below 10 eV, most reflected benzene cations are inelastically scattered with little fragmentation even though they lose most of their kinetic energy in the collision process. As ion energy is increased, the probability of surface-induced dissociation (SID) increases rather slowly. At all energies investigated neither elastic scattering nor SID occurs at the specular scattering angle. The total energy lost by benzene ions in inelastic/dissociative collisions increases as the ion kinetic energy is increased. Kinetic energy distributions of inelastically scattered benzene ions are rather broad and strongly dependent upon the ion kinetic energy. At lower energies, there is only one peak in the kinetic energy distribution of inelastically scattered benzene ions whereas at 50 eV benzene ions exhibit three peaks distinguishable in both energy and scattering angle. The high-energy peak corresponds to nearly zero energy loss (quasielastic scattering) and the lowest energy peak is quasithermalized. These two peaks are narrower than the central main peak suggesting a different dynamic mechanism for each of these collision processes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Du Pont Marshall Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shukla, AK (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 212 IS 1-3 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00509-7 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 507AF UT WOS:000173003600035 ER PT J AU Koretsky, GM Knickelbein, MB Rousseau, R Marx, D AF Koretsky, GM Knickelbein, MB Rousseau, R Marx, D TI A combined infrared photodissociation and theoretical study of the interaction of ethanol with small gold clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC SHELL STRUCTURE; SIMPLE METAL-CLUSTERS; SMALL COPPER CLUSTERS; CU-N; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; METHANOL MOLECULES; NICKEL CLUSTERS; BASIS SET; AG-N; SPECTROSCOPY AB The infrared photodissociation spectra of Au-n(C2H5OH)(m) (n = 3, 9, 11; m = 1-4) complexes have been recorded in the 9-11 mum region. The ethanol vibrational band frequencies are observed to be invariant with the size of the underlying gold clusters, indicating that local, rather than global, interactions determine the frequency shifts from the gas-phase values. Experimental results are compared with electronic structure calculations for both Au-3(C2H5OH) and Au-3(CH3OH). From these calculations a model for the binding of the single alcohol to the gold cluster is proposed which qualitatively accounts for many of the experimental observations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Theoret Chem, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Knickelbein, MB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rousseau, Roger/C-3703-2014 NR 58 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 50 BP 11197 EP 11203 DI 10.1021/jp0129636 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 505ZN UT WOS:000172945600007 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K Feng, PY AF Balasubramanian, K Feng, PY TI Electronic states of Al3P2, Al2P3, and their ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ANION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTROSCOPY; GALLIUM-ARSENIDE CLUSTERS; INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE CLUSTERS; SMALL GAAS CLUSTERS; RARE-GAS MATRICES; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE; INFRARED SPECTRA AB Complete active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by multireference singles + doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations that included up to 4 million configurations were carried out on the electronic states of Al3P2, Al2P3 and their anions and cations. Our computed results explain the recently reported anion photoelectron spectra of Al2P3- and Al3P2- by Neumark and co-workers.(1) We find that both the Al2P3- and Al2P3 species have D-3h undistorted trigonal bipyramidal structures consistent with the sharp and intense ground-state peak in the observed spectra. But the neutral Al3P2 cluster was found to be Jahn-Teller distorted in contrast to the Al3P2- anion, which has a D-3h undistorted trigonal bipyramidal structure, consistent with the observed extended vibrational progression of the X state of the spectra. Our computed electron affinities agree well with the onsets of the observed X peaks in both spectra. We assign the partially resolved vibrational structure in the observed spectra to the totally symmetric stretch mode than to symmetry lowering of Al2P3, which is found to be in a (2)A(2)" (D-3h) state and cannot undergo Jahn-Teller distortion. Seven electronic states of Al3P2 are computed, among which the (2)A(1)(C-2v) state is the ground state with a distorted trigonal bipyramid structure. The distorted(2)A(1) and B-2(1) (C-2v) states are identified as Jahn-Teller components of the Undistorted E-2' and E-2 " (D-3h) states, respectively. Properties of four electronic states of Al2P3, Al3P2+, and Al2P3+ are also reported. The ground states of both Al3P2+ and Al2P3+ are undistorted (3)A(2)' and (1)A(1)', respectively (D-3h symmetry). The atomization energy, adiabatic ionization potentials, dipole moments, and other properties for the electronic states of Al3P2 and Al2P3 are calculated and discussed. Comparisons are made with the Ga and In analogues of these species. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Met, State Key Lab Funct Mat Informat, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-268, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 69 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 50 BP 11295 EP 11303 DI 10.1021/jp012764m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 505ZN UT WOS:000172945600019 ER PT J AU van de Lagemaat, J Benkstein, KD Frank, AJ AF van de Lagemaat, J Benkstein, KD Frank, AJ TI Relation between particle coordination number and porosity in nanoparticle films: Implications to dye-sensitized solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; TIO2 ELECTRODES; PHOTOELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS; NANOPOROUS TIO2; THIN-FILMS; NANOCRYSTALLINE; EFFICIENCY; STATE; MODULATION; PACKING AB The morphology and local three-dimensional structure of mesoporous nanoparticle TiO2 films are simulated by using a simple method based on the random packing of spheres. The pore size distribution in the film that is predicted by the simulations is in excellent concurrence with experimental data. The spatial distribution of particles appears essentially random outside of the first shell of nearest neighbors. The average coordination number of particles depends strongly on film porosity. For compact films (40% porosity), the average coordination number is about 6.6, whereas for open-structured films (80% porosity), the average number of particle interconnections is as low as 2.8. At porosities (50-65%) typically present in nanocrystalline TiO2 films employed in dye-sensitized solar cells, the simulations indicate that each particle is, on average, in contact with 4 or 5 others. However, the distribution of coordination numbers is broad. The implication of such highly branched particle structures on electron transport is discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP van de Lagemaat, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012 NR 32 TC 119 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 105 IS 50 BP 12433 EP 12436 DI 10.1021/jp013369z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 505ZP UT WOS:000172945700001 ER PT J AU Sui, HX Han, BG Lee, JK Walian, P Jap, BK AF Sui, HX Han, BG Lee, JK Walian, P Jap, BK TI Structural basis of water-specific transport through the AQP1 water channel SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PROTEIN; SELECTIVITY; AQUAPORIN-1; GLYCEROL; CONDUCTION; MOLECULES; CHAIN; CHIP AB Water channels facilitate the rapid transport of water across cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. These channels are believed to be involved in many physiological processes that include renal water conservation, neuro-homeostasis, digestion, regulation of body temperature and reproduction. Members of the water channel superfamily have been found in a range of cell types from bacteria to human. In mammals, there are currently 10 families of water channels, referred to as aquaporins (AQP): AQP0-AQP9. Here we report the structure of the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel to 2.2 Angstrom resolution. The channel consists of three topological elements, an extracellular and a cytoplasmic vestibule connected by an extended narrow pore or selectivity filter. Within the selectivity filter, four bound waters are localized along three hydrophilic nodes, which punctuate an otherwise extremely hydrophobic pore segment. This unusual combination of a long hydrophobic pore and a minimal number of solute binding sites facilitates rapid water transport. Residues of the constriction region, in particular histidine 182, which is conserved among all known water-specific channels, are critical in establishing water specificity. Our analysis of the AQP1 pore also indicates that the transport of protons through this channel is highly energetically unfavourable. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Comparat Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walian, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Han, Bong-Gyoon/J-9120-2012 NR 39 TC 622 Z9 655 U1 8 U2 114 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 414 IS 6866 BP 872 EP 878 DI 10.1038/414872a PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 503RB UT WOS:000172813300036 PM 11780053 ER PT J AU Himanen, JP Rajashankar, KR Lackmann, M Cowan, CA Henkemeyer, M Nikolov, DB AF Himanen, JP Rajashankar, KR Lackmann, M Cowan, CA Henkemeyer, M Nikolov, DB TI Crystal structure of an Eph receptor-ephrin complex SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING; TRANSMEMBRANE LIGANDS; TYROSINE KINASES; SAM DOMAIN; NUK; DIMERIZATION; ATTACHMENT; PROTEINS; BRAIN; AXONS AB The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-anchored ephrin ligands are important in regulating cell-cell interactions as they initiate a unique bidirectional signal transduction cascade whereby information is communicated into both the Eph-expressing and the ephrin-expressing cells. Initially identified as regulators of axon pathfinding and neuronal cell migration, Ephs and ephrins are now known to have roles in many other cell-cell interactions, including those of vascular endothelial cells and specialized epithelia(1,2). Here we report the crystal structure of the complex formed between EphB2 and ephrin-B2, determined at 2.7 Angstrom resolution. Each Eph receptor binds an ephrin ligand through an expansive dimerization interface dominated by the insertion of an extended ephrin loop into a channel at the surface of the receptor. Two Eph-Ephrin dimers then join to form a tetramer, in which each ligand interacts with two receptors and each receptor interacts with two ligands. The Eph and ephrin molecules are precisely positioned and orientated in these complexes, promoting higher-order clustering and the initiation of bidirectional signalling. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cellular Biochem & Biophys Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Royal Melbourne Hosp, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, Parkville, Vic 3050, Australia. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Dev Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Kent Waldrep Fdn Ctr Basic Res Nerve Growth & Reg, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Nikolov, DB (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cellular Biochem & Biophys Program, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 29 TC 208 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 10 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 414 IS 6866 BP 933 EP 938 DI 10.1038/414933a PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 503RB UT WOS:000172813300052 PM 11780069 ER PT J AU Pasyuk, EA Boudrie, RL Gram, PAM Morris, CL Zumbro, JD Matthews, JL Tan, Y Zelevinsky, VV Glass, G Kriss, BJ AF Pasyuk, EA Boudrie, RL Gram, PAM Morris, CL Zumbro, JD Matthews, JL Tan, Y Zelevinsky, VV Glass, G Kriss, BJ TI A study of the Delta(-)-component of the wave function in light nuclei SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DELTA-DEGREES; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; FREEDOM; TRINUCLEI; MODEL; HE-3; SEARCH; ELECTROPRODUCTION; SCATTERING; RESONANCE AB We have measured cross sections for the (pi (+), pi (+/-)p) reactions on H-3, He-4, Li-6 and Li-7 in quasi-free kinematics at incident pion beam energy 500 MeV. An enhancement of the (pi (+), pi (-)p) cross section in this kinematics is observed. If this is interpreted as due to quasi-free scattering from preexisting Delta components of the nuclear wave function, the extracted probabilities are in agreement with theoretical expectations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pasyuk, EA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01329-6 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200001 ER PT J AU Smith, JF Chiara, CJ Fossan, DB LaFosse, DR Lane, GJ Sears, JM Starosta, K Devlin, M Lerma, F Sarantites, DG Freeman, SJ Leddy, MJ Durell, JL Boston, AJ Paul, ES Semple, AT Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Heenen, PH AF Smith, JF Chiara, CJ Fossan, DB LaFosse, DR Lane, GJ Sears, JM Starosta, K Devlin, M Lerma, F Sarantites, DG Freeman, SJ Leddy, MJ Durell, JL Boston, AJ Paul, ES Semple, AT Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Heenen, PH TI Excited states and deformation of Xe-112 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-STAR DENSITIES; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; HIGH-SPIN STATES; OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS; SKYRME PARAMETRIZATION; LIGHT XENON; NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; SUBNUCLEAR AB Excited states have been identified in the very neutron-deficient Xe-112 nucleus. The ground-state band has been observed up to spin 12 h, and a negative-parity side band has been observed up to 13 h. The bands have been assigned to Xe-112 by detecting gamma rays in coincidence with evaporated charged particles and neutrons. The energy of the 2(1)(+) state in Xe-112 is lower than would be expected from both calculations and from systematics of the neighboring xenon isotopes, which indicates a larger than expected ground-state deformation. The observations of a low-lying 3(-) state and large deduced B(EI) values are suggestive of increased octupole correlations, which may explain the apparently large ground-state deformation. Constrained Hartree-Fock+BCS calculations have been performed which show qualitative agreement with the trend in deformation of the very neutron-deficient xenon isotopes. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01339-9 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200003 ER PT J AU Iori, M Alkhazov, G Atamantchouk, AG Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Engelfried, J Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E Kangling, H Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Li, Y Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, C Mao, Z Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhaog, W Zheng, S Zukanovich-Funchal, R AF Iori, M Alkhazov, G Atamantchouk, AG Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Engelfried, J Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E Kangling, H Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Li, Y Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, C Mao, Z Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhaog, W Zheng, S Zukanovich-Funchal, R CA SELEX Collaboration TI Measurement of the D-s(+/-) lifetime SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MESON AB We report a precise measurement of the D-s(+/-) meson lifetime. The data were taken by the SELEX experiment (E781) spectrometer using 600 GeV/c Sigma (-), pi (-) and p beams. The measurement has been done using 918 reconstructed D-s(+/-). The lifetime of the D-s(+/-) s is measured to be 472.5 +/- 17.2 +/- 6.6 fs, using K*(892)K-0(+/-) and phi pi (+/-) decay modes. The lifetime ratio of D-s(+/-) to D-0 is 1.145 +/- 0.049. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. RP Iori, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy. RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016; OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01320-X PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200004 ER PT J AU Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM Dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryermadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M Chiodini, G D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M AF Link, JM Reyes, M Yager, PM Anjos, JC Bediaga, I Gobel, C Magnin, J Massafferri, A de Miranda, JM Pepe, IM Dos Reis, AC Carrillo, S Casimiro, E Sanchez-Hernandez, A Uribe, C Vazquez, F Cinquini, L Cumalat, JP O'Reilly, B Ramirez, JE Vaandering, EW Butler, JN Cheung, HWK Gaines, I Garbincius, PH Garren, LA Gottschalk, E Kasper, PH Kreymer, AE Kutschke, R Bianco, S Fabbri, FL Zallo, A Cawlfield, C Kim, DY Rahimi, A Wiss, J Gardner, R Kryermadhi, A Chung, YS Kang, JS Ko, BR Kwak, JW Lee, KB Park, H Alimonti, G Boschini, M Chiodini, G D'Angelo, P DiCorato, M Dini, P Giammarchi, M Inzani, P Leveraro, F Malvezzi, S Menasce, D Mezzadri, M Milazzo, L Moroni, L Pedrini, D Pontoglio, C Prelz, F Rovere, M Sala, S Davenport, TF Agostino, L Arena, V Boca, G Bonomi, G Gianini, G Liguori, G Merlo, MM Pantea, D Ratti, SP Riccardi, C Segoni, I Vitulo, P Hernandez, H Lopez, AM Mendez, H Mendez, L Mirles, A Montiel, E Olaya, D Paris, A Quinones, J Rivera, C Xiong, W Zhang, Y Wilson, JR Cho, K Handler, T Mitchell, R Engh, D Hosack, M Johns, WE Nehring, M Sheldon, PD Stenson, K Webster, M Sheaff, M CA FOCUS Collaboration TI A new measurement of the Xi(+)(c) lifetime SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID BARYON XI-C+; MASS AB A precise determination of the charm-strange baryon Xi (+)(c) lifetime is presented. The data were accumulated by the Fermilab high-energy photoproduction experiment FOCUS. The measurement is made with 300 Xi (+)(c) --> Xi (-)pi (+)pi (+) decays, 130 Xi (+)(c) --> Sigma (+)K(-)pi (+) decays, 45 Xi (+)(c) --> pK(-)pi (+) decays and 58 Xi (+)(c) --> Lambda (0)K(-)pi (+)pi (+) decays. The Xi (+)(c) lifetime is measured to be 0.439 +/- 0.022 +/- 0.009 ps. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Univ N Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Link, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Bonomi, Germano/G-4236-2010; Kwak, Jungwon/K-8338-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016; OI Bonomi, Germano/0000-0003-1618-9648; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X; Kryemadhi, Abaz/0000-0002-1240-2803 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01322-3 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200007 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Levin, E AF Kharzeev, D Levin, E TI Manifestations of high density QCD in the first RHIC data SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ENERGY; SATURATION; FIELD AB We derive a simple analytical scaling function which embodies the predictions of high density QCD on the energy, centrality, rapidity, and atomic number dependences of hadron multiplicities in nuclear collisions. Both centrality and rapidity dependences of hadron multiplicity in Au-Au collisions as measured at RHIC at roots = 130 GeV are well described in this approach. The centrality and rapidity dependences of hadron multiplicity at roots = 200 GeV run at RHIC are predicted; the variation of these dependences with energy appear different from other approaches, and can be used as an important test of the ideas based on parton saturation and classical Chromo-Dynamics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, HEP Dept, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 44 TC 351 Z9 352 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01309-0 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200011 ER PT J AU Jadach, S Placzek, W Skrzypek, M Ward, BFL Was, Z AF Jadach, S Placzek, W Skrzypek, M Ward, BFL Was, Z TI On theoretical uncertainties of the W boson mass measurement at LEP2 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID (UN)STABLE W+W PRODUCTION; QED RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; UNIVERSAL MONTE-CARLO; PAIR PRODUCTION; NONFACTORIZABLE CORRECTIONS; E(+)E(-) COLLISIONS; UNSTABLE PARTICLES; FERMIONS; ENERGIES; EXPONENTIATION AB We discuss theoretical uncertainties of the measurement of the W boson mass at LEP2 energies, reconstructed with the help of the tandem of the Monte Carlo event generators KoralW and YFSWW3. Exploiting numerical results obtained with these programs, and the existing knowledge in the literature, we estimate that the theoretical uncertainty of the W mass due to electroweak corrections, as reconstructed at LEP2 with the help of these programs, is similar to 5 MeV. Since we use certain idealized event selections and a simple Mw-fitting procedure, our numerical exercises can be (should be) repeated for the actual "M-W extraction methods" of the LEP2 measurements, using KoralW and YFSWW3 or other Monte Carlo programs. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved, C1 Inst Nucl Phys, PL-30055 Krakow, Poland. CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Comp Sci, PL-30072 Krakow, Poland. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Jadach, S (reprint author), Inst Nucl Phys, Ul Kawiory 26A, PL-30055 Krakow, Poland. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01310-7 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200017 ER PT J AU Kisslinger, LS Johnson, MB AF Kisslinger, LS Johnson, MB TI Scalar mesons, glueballs, instantons and the glueball/sigma SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID QCD SUM-RULES; RESONANCE PHYSICS; QUARK PROPAGATOR; GLUONIUM; VACUUM; MASS AB We include instanton effects in QCD sum rules for coupled scalar glueballs and mesons. We find a 400-600 MeV glueball as in earlier studies without instantons. and a possible explanation in terms of high-dimensional condensates for current lattice calculations not finding this glueball/sigma. In the 1-2 GeV region we now find that lightest I = 0 meson, in the region of the f(0)(1370), has no direct glueball mixing, with the instanton loop replacing the glueball component. The lightest scalar mainly glueball in the region of the f(0)(1500) is sensitive to the choice of nonperturbative gluonic parameters. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Kisslinger, LS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)01313-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 500BZ UT WOS:000172607200018 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Hriljac, JA Vogt, T Parise, JB Artioli, G AF Lee, Y Hriljac, JA Vogt, T Parise, JB Artioli, G TI First structural investigation of a super-hydrated zeolite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; NATROLITE; NEUTRON; FRAMEWORK; RHO; COMPRESSIBILITY; PARANATROLITE C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; Artioli, Gilberto/F-2149-2015; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Artioli, Gilberto/0000-0002-8693-7392; NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 123 IS 50 BP 12732 EP 12733 DI 10.1021/ja017098h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 502LP UT WOS:000172745300055 PM 11741460 ER PT J AU Rack, MJ Thornton, TJ Ferry, DK Roberts, J Westhoff, RC Robinson, M AF Rack, MJ Thornton, TJ Ferry, DK Roberts, J Westhoff, RC Robinson, M TI Cryogenic field effect transistors using strained silicon quantum wells in Si : SiGe heterostructures grown by APCVD SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lawrence Symposium on Critical Issues in Epitaxy CY JAN 03-06, 2001 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA DE cryogenic; strained silicon quantum wells; APCVD ID HIGH-ELECTRON-MOBILITY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; GAS; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; SI/SIGE AB High motility strained silicon quantum wells in modulation doped SiGe heterostructures, grown epitaxially on silicon substrates, offer exciting opportunities for devices compatible withe silicon CMOS processing, having significantly improved performance over their single crystal silicon counterparts. We present results fro a collaborative academic/industrial program to develop field effect transistors suitable for cryogenic circuit applications. This work reports on the fabrication ans characterization of heterostructure material grown using atmospheric pressure CVD, low temperature characterization of the electronic properties of the material, FET device fabrication and FET performance at 0.3-4.2 K. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lawrence Semicond Res Lab, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA. RP Rack, MJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 3 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(01)00725-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 490DR UT WOS:000172035600012 ER PT J AU Terrones, G Pearlstein, AJ AF Terrones, G Pearlstein, AJ TI Effects of kinetics and optical attenuation on the completeness, uniformity, and dynamics of monomer conversion in free-radical photopolymerizations SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DENTAL COMPOSITES; POLYMERIZATION; CURE; DEPTH; RESIN AB For free-radical photopolymerizations with a photobleaching initiator in an initially uniform layer illuminated from one direction, we incorporate nonuniform photoinitiation into a simple kinetic model to show how the degree of monomer conversion varies spatially and temporally with the incident light intensity (lo), the absorption coefficient (aA) and initial concentration (C-A,C-0) of the photoinitiator, and the propagation (k(p)) and termination (k(t)) rate constants (taken to be independent of the degree of conversion). We show that the spatiotemporal variation of monomer conversion depends on two dimensionless parameters: the initial absorbance gamma = alpha ACA,0L, where L is the layer thickness, and beta = k(p)[fC(A,0)/(phi alpha (A)I(0)k(t))](1/2), where phi is the quantum yield of photoinitiator consumption, and 0 less than or equal to f less than or equal to 2 is the number of primary radicals produced for each photoinitiator molecule consumed. For each value of gamma, there is a minimum value of beta beyond which a specified layer-averaged extent of monomer conversion is assured. As decreases, so does the extent of monomer conversion, with the final degree of conversion being lowest near the optical "front" of the layer, where the light absorption and photoinitiation rates are initially highest. The extent of nonuniformity decreases with increasing beta until beta approximate to 2, beyond which monomer conversion is essentially complete regardless of the initial absorbance. The results are discussed in terms of the spatiotemporal distributions of the primary radical and radical chain concentrations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Proc Sci & Engn Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Terrones, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Proc Sci & Engn Dept, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. OI Terrones, Guillermo/0000-0001-8245-5022; Pearlstein, Arne/0000-0002-7044-5537 NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 18 PY 2001 VL 34 IS 26 BP 8894 EP 8906 DI 10.1021/ma010678e PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 503CJ UT WOS:000172779300016 ER PT J AU Hud, NV Downing, KH AF Hud, NV Downing, KH TI Cryoelectron microscopy of lambda phage DNA condensates in vitreous ice: The fine structure of DNA toroids SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE psi DNA; gene delivery; packaging ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MULTIVALENT CATIONS; TRIVALENT CATIONS; GENE DELIVERY; MODEL; ORGANIZATION; SPERMIDINE; ANGSTROM; GLOBULE; LENGTH AB DNA toroids produced by the condensation of A phage DNA with hexammine cobalt (III) have been investigated by cryoelectron microscopy. Image resolution obtained by this technique has allowed unprecedented views of DNA packing within toroidal condensates. Toroids oriented coplanar with the microscope image plane exhibit circular fringes with a repeat spacing of 2.4 nm. For some toroids these fringes are observed around almost the entire circumference of the toroid. However, for most toroids well-defined fringes are limited to less than one-third of the total toroid circumference. Some toroids oriented perpendicular to the image plane reveal DNA polymers organized in a hexagonal close-packed lattice; however, for other toroids alternative packing arrangements are observed. To aid interpretation of electron micrographs, three-dimensional model toroids were generated with perfect hexagonal DNA packing throughout, as well as more physically realistic models that contain crossover points between DNA loops. Simulated transmission electron microscopy images of these model toroids in different orientations faithfully reproduce most features observed in cryoelectron micrographs of actual toroids. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hud, NV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487, GM62873, P01 GM051487, R01 GM062873] NR 43 TC 194 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 18 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 26 BP 14925 EP 14930 DI 10.1073/pnas.261560398 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 504GK UT WOS:000172848800036 PM 11734630 ER PT J AU Gilley, D Tanaka, H Hande, MP Kurimasa, A Li, GC Oshimura, M Chen, DJ AF Gilley, D Tanaka, H Hande, MP Kurimasa, A Li, GC Oshimura, M Chen, DJ TI DNA-PKcs is critical for telomere capping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; HUMAN-CELLS; LENGTH; REPAIR; MICE; ASSOCIATION; IMMUNITY; MOUSE; TRF2 AB The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is critical for DNA repair via the nonhomologous end joining pathway. Previously, it was reported that bone marrow cells and spontaneously transformed fibroblasts from SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice have defects in telomere maintenance. The genetically defective SCID mouse arose spontaneously from its parental strain CB17. One known genomic alteration in SCID mice is a truncation of the extreme carboxyl terminus of DNA-PKcs, but other as yet unidentified alterations may also exist. We have used a defined system, the DNA-PKcs knockout mouse, to investigate specifically the role DNA-PKcs specifically plays in telomere maintenance. We report that primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and primary cultured kidney cells from 6-8 month-old DNA-PKcs-deficient mice accumulate a large number of telomere fusions, yet still retain wild-type telomere length. Thus, the phenotype of this defect separates the two-telomere related phenotypes, capping, and length maintenance. DNA-PKcs-deficient MEFs also exhibit elevated levels of chromosome fragments and breaks, which correlate with increased telomere fusions. Based on the high levels of telomere fusions observed in DNA-PKcs deficient cells, we conclude that DNA-PKcs plays an important capping role at the mammalian telomere. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Tottori Univ, Fac Med, Dept Mol & Cell Genet, Tottori 6838503, Japan. RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hande, M. Prakash/B-1645-2008 OI Hande, M. Prakash/0000-0002-4511-6256 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50519, R01 CA050519, R37 CA050519]; NIA NIH HHS [AG17709] NR 30 TC 129 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 18 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 26 BP 15084 EP 15088 DI 10.1073/pnas.261574698 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 504GK UT WOS:000172848800063 PM 11742099 ER PT J AU Fischer, AJ Choquette, KD Chow, WW Allerman, AA Serkland, DK Geib, KM AF Fischer, AJ Choquette, KD Chow, WW Allerman, AA Serkland, DK Geib, KM TI High single-mode power observed from a coupled-resonator vertical-cavity laser diode SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a monolithic coupled-resonator vertical-cavity laser with an ion-implanted top cavity and a selectively oxidized bottom cavity which exhibits single fundamental-mode operation. The output powers are as high as 6.1 mW with side mode suppression ratios greater than 30 dB. The sizes of the implant and oxide current apertures are shown to be important for demonstrating the required selectivity for the fundamental lasing mode. With a fixed bias current on the implant cavity and increasing oxide cavity current, mode switching from single-mode operation to multimode operation and back to single-mode operation was observed. The intensities of the fundamental and first transverse modes were calculated by solving a set of multimode rate equations. The calculation indicates that the observed mode switching can be identified with changes in the optical length of the oxide cavity with increasing pump current. The observed mode dynamics are unique to coupled-resonator vertical-cavity lasers. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fischer, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 25 BP 4079 EP 4081 DI 10.1063/1.1426254 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JV UT WOS:000172682300003 ER PT J AU Dufresne, EM Arms, DA Clarke, R Pereira, NR Dierker, SB Foster, D AF Dufresne, EM Arms, DA Clarke, R Pereira, NR Dierker, SB Foster, D TI Lithium metal for x-ray refractive optics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LENSES; TRANSMISSION; SCATTERING; BERYLLIUM; SILICON; Z=1-92; FOCUS AB Lithium metal is the best material for refractive lenses that must focus x-rays with energies below 15 keV, but to date no lens from Li has been reported. This letter demonstrates focusing of 10 keV x-rays with a one-dimensional sawtooth lens made from Li. The lens' theoretical gain is 4.5, with manufacturing imperfections likely responsible for the threefold gain that is observed. Despite the Li reactivity the lens is stable over months of operation if kept under vacuum. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, MHATT CAT, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ecopulse Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Dufresne, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 25 BP 4085 EP 4087 DI 10.1063/1.1425068 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 501JV UT WOS:000172682300005 ER PT J AU Lo, HC Leiva, C Buriez, O Kerr, JB Olmstead, MM Fish, RH AF Lo, HC Leiva, C Buriez, O Kerr, JB Olmstead, MM Fish, RH TI Bioorganometallic chemistry. 13. Regioselective reduction of NAD(+) models, 1-benzylnicotinamde triflate and beta-nicotinamide ribose-5 '-methyl phosphate, with in situ generated [CP*Rh(Bpy)H](+): Structure-activity relationships, kinetics, and mechanistic aspects in the formation of the 1,4-NADH derivatives SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; HYDRIDE TRANSFER; COMPLEXES; REGENERATION; NAD+; HYDROGEN; RHODIUM(III); ELECTRODE; CATALYSTS; NAD(P)+ AB Cofactor regeneration; i.e., regiospecific conversion of NAD(+) to 1,4-NADH, has been extensively studied and is a crucial component in the eventual use of 1,4-NADH in a variety of bioorganic synthesis processes involving the formation of chiral organic compounds. We have studied the reduction of a model NAD(+) compound, 1-benzylnicotinamide triflate, 1a, using [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O](2+), 2 (Cp* = eta5-C5Me5, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl), as the catalyst precursor and sodium formate (HCO2Na) as the hydride source in 1: 1 H2O/THF and have found exclusive 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide regioselectivity, as was observed previously for natural NAD(+) that provided 1,4-NADH (see: Steckhan et al. Organometallics 1991, 10, 1568). Moreover, a variety of 3-substituted derivatives of 1-benzylpyridinium triflate, in addition to the -C(O)NH2 group (1a), were also studied to ascertain that this 3-functionality (e.g., -C(O)NHCH3, -C(S)NH2, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)OCH3, and -CN, 1b,d-g) coordinates to a [Cp*Rh(bpy)H](+) complex to direct the concerted, regioselective transfer of the hydride group from the rhodium to the 4-ring position of the NAD model; all coordinating 3-substituents had relative rates in the 0.9-1.3 range with substrate 1a set to 1.0. If in fact the 3-substituent presented a steric effect [-C(O)NH(CH2CH3)(2), 1c] or was a nonbinding group (-CH3, 1h; -H, 1i), no catalytic hydride transfer was observed even with the more electrophilic 2 and 6 ring positions being readily available, which further implicated the crucial coordination of the NAD(+) model to the Cp*Rh metal ion center. We also found that the 1-benzyl substituent on the nitrogen atom exerted a substantial electron-withdrawing effect, in comparison to the electron-donating 1-methyl substituent, and favorably affected the rate of the regioselective reduction (rate enhancement of 1-benzyl/l-methyl = 2.0). The kinetics of the regioselective reduction of la were studied to show that the initial rate of reduction, ri, is affected by the concentrations of the substrate, la, precatalyst, 2, and the hydride source, HCO2Na, in 1: 1 H2O/THF: d[1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotnamide]/dt = k(cat)[1a][2][HCO2Na]. Furthermore, we wish to demonstrate that a previously synthesized aqueous NAD(+) model, beta -nicotinamide ribose-5'-methyl phosphate, 3, shows a similar regioselectivity for the 1,4-NADH analogue, while the initial rate (ri) for the regioselective reduction of 3 and NAD(+) itself was found to be comparable in water but faster by a factor of similar to3 in comparison to 1a in 1: 1 H2O/THF: the solvent, THF, appeared to inhibit the rate of reduction in la by presumably competing with the substrate la for the Cp*Rh metal ion center. However, in H2O, the initial kinetic rate for substrate 3 was not affected by its concentration and implies that, in H2O, [Cp*Rh(bpy)H](+) formation is rate determining. We assume that binding of 3 and NAD(+) to the Cp*Rh metal ion center is also a pertinent step for 1,4-dihydro product formation, the experimental rate expression in H2O being [1,4-dihydro-beta -nicotinamide ribose-5'-methyl phosphate]/dt = k(cat)[2][HCO2Na]. What we have discovered, for the first time, is evidence that the regioselective reduction of NAD(+) to 1,4-NADH by [Cp*Rh(bpy)H]+ is a consequence of the amide's ability to coordinate to the Cp*Rh metal center, thereby constricting the kinetically favorable six-membered ring transition state for plausible concerted hydride transfer/ insertion to C4 to regioselectively provide the 1,4-NADH derivative; [Cp*Rh(bpy)H](+) can be categorized as a biomimetic enzymatic hydride via its ability to bind and regioselectively transfer hydride to C4, exclusively. Clearly, the pyrophosphate and adenosine groups associated with the structure of NAD(+) are not essential in the rate of hydride transfer to C4, with NAD(+) model 3 having a similar initial rate (r(i)) of reduction as NAD(+) itself in water. Finally, a catalytic cycle will be proposed to account for our overall observations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 40 IS 26 BP 6705 EP 6716 DI 10.1021/ic010562z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 502NH UT WOS:000172749300025 PM 11735482 ER PT J AU Tomberli, B Egelstaff, PA Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J AF Tomberli, B Egelstaff, PA Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J TI Isotopic quantum effects in the structure of liquid methanol: I. Experiments with high-energy photon diffraction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; RAY-DIFFRACTION; METHYL-ALCOHOL; WATER; ETHANOL AB High-energy electromagnetic radiation scattering techniques have been used to measure the structural differences between four isotopic samples of methanol (CH3OH, CD3OD, CH3OD and CD3OH). The first series of experiments employed room temperature and ambient pressure. The carbon-oxygen intramolecular bond length was measured and found to depend more strongly on the isotopic substitution at the hydroxyl site than at the methyl sites. The oscillations in the isotopic difference of the x-ray structure factor, DeltaS(x)(Q), are shown at room temperature to be about 2% as large as the oscillations in the total structure factor. Our uncertainties are an order of magnitude smaller than those of previous gamma ray measurements (Benmore C J and Egelstaff P A 1996 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8 9429-32). A second series of experiments was carried out at -80degreesC at its vapour pressure in order to study the significant temperature dependence of these effects. The DeltaS(x)(Q) difference at -80degreesC is shown to be up to three times larger than the room temperature difference. These studies showed that isotopic structural differences in methanol may be represented as temperature shifts that vary as a function of thermodynamic state and substitution site. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, CLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Tomberli, B (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 50 BP 11405 EP 11420 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/13/50/301 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 514JW UT WOS:000173436600005 ER PT J AU Tomberli, B Egelstaff, PA Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J AF Tomberli, B Egelstaff, PA Benmore, CJ Neuefeind, J TI Isotopic effects in the structure of liquid methanol: II. Experimental data in Fourier space SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RAY-DIFFRACTION; QUANTUM; WATER AB The high-precision structural measurements of several methanol isotopes described in paper I are Fourier transformed to obtain their corresponding pair correlation functions. At room temperature we have observed a structural isotopic difference depending on the methanol isotopes used ranging between 2 and 5% at intramolecular distances and between 5 and 8% at intermolecular distances relative to the magnitude of (g(r) - 1) for CH3OH. For methanol at -80degreesC, a maximum effect of 20% has been observed. All these effects may be explained in terms of changes in ground state librational motions and perturbations to the hydrogen bonding structure. The effects are compared with structural changes caused by temperature shifts and are shown to agree with the reciprocal space studies in paper I. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, CLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. DESY, HASYLAB, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Tomberli, B (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015; OI Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 13 IS 50 BP 11421 EP 11434 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/13/50/302 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 514JW UT WOS:000173436600006 ER PT J AU Kolb, PF Heinz, U Huovinen, P Eskola, KJ Tuominen, K AF Kolb, PF Heinz, U Huovinen, P Eskola, KJ Tuominen, K TI Centrality dependence of multiplicity, transverse energy, and elliptic flow from hydrodynamics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE relativistic heavy-ion collisions; elliptic flow; hydrodynamic model ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLUON-PLASMA; EVOLUTION; SIGNATURE; QUARK; PRESSURE; HADRON; QCD AB The centrality dependence of the charged multiplicity, transverse energy, and elliptic flow coefficient is studied in a hydrodynamic model, using a variety of different initializations which model the initial energy or entropy production process as a hard or soft process, respectively. While the charged multiplicity depends strongly on the chosen initialization, the p(T)-integrated elliptic flow for charged particles as a function of charged particle multiplicity and the p(T)-differential elliptic flow for charged particles in minimum bias events turn out to be almost independent of the initial energy density profile. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Heinz, U (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 39 TC 254 Z9 255 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 696 IS 1-2 BP 197 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(01)01114-9 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 494PT UT WOS:000172291600009 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cochran, J Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA Davis, K De, K de Jong, SJ Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Frame, KC Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Graham, G Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Heuring, T Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, Y Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kim, SK Klima, B Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, SM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JR Negroni, S Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Para, A Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Roco, M Royon, C Rubinov, R Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Vertogradov, LS Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wightman, JA Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, R Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Z Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Arnoud, Y Avila, C Baarmand, MM Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Breedon, R Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cochran, J Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Davis, GA Davis, K De, K de Jong, SJ Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Duensing, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Frame, KC Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gilmartin, R Ginther, G Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Graham, G Grannis, PD Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hays, C Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Heuring, T Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, Y Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kim, SK Klima, B Knuteson, B Ko, W Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, SM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M da Motta, H Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JR Negroni, S Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Olivier, B Oshima, N Padley, P Pan, LJ Papageorgiou, K Para, A Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Patwa, A Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Popkov, E Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramberg, E Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Roco, M Royon, C Rubinov, R Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Sen, N Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Tripathi, SM Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Vaniev, V Van Kooten, R Varelas, N Vertogradov, LS Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, H Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Whiteson, D Wightman, JA Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yamin, R Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Z Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA D0 Collaboration TI Ratio of isolated photon cross sections in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=630 and 1800 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV AB The inclusive cross section for production of isolated photons has been measured in p (p) over bar collisions at roots = 630 GeV with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The photons span a transverse energy (E-T) range from 7-49 GeV and have pseudorapidity \eta\ < 2.5. This measurement is combined with the previous D0 result at s = 1800 GeV to form a ratio of the cross sections. Comparison of next-to-leading-order QCD with the measured cross section at 630 GeV and the ratio of cross sections show satisfactory agreement in most of the E-T range. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Grenoble, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai, India. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Unit, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015 OI Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251805 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200014 PM 11736564 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, A Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A Denis, RS Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Zan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Blusk, SR Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Brozovic, M Brubaker, E Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Caskey, W Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chan, AW Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Connolly, A Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S Done, J D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Fukui, Y Furic, I Galeotti, S Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldstein, J Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Green, C Grim, G Gris, P Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G da Costa, JG Haas, RM Haber, C Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Herndon, M Hill, C Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirk, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Lee, K Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Litvintsev, DO Lobban, O Lockyer, N Loken, J Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mayer, J Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, A Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Nachtman, J Nagaslaev, V Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakano, I Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, D Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Popovic, M Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pukhov, O Punzi, G Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Reher, D Reichold, A Ribon, A Riegler, W Rimondi, F Ristori, L Riveline, M Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Roy, A Ruiz, A Safonov, A Denis, RS Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tecchio, M Tesarek, R Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thompson, AS Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonelli, D Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, T Vaiciulis, T Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wallace, NB Zan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Ward, B Waschke, S Watanabe, T Waters, D Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkes, T Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Wolinski, S Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for gluinos and squarks using like-sign dileptons in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-S CALCULATION; FERMILAB TEVATRON COLLIDER; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; TOP-QUARK; NEUTRALINO PRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERGRAVITY; CHARGINO AB We present results of the first search for like-sign dilepton (e(+/-)e(+/-),e(+/-)mu (+/-),mu (+/-)mu (+/-)) events associated with multijets and large missing energy using 106 pb(-1) of data in p (p) over bar collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV collected during 1992-1995 by the CDF experiment. Finding no events that pass our selection, we examine pair production of gluinos ((g) over tilde) and squarks; ((q) over tilde) in a constrained framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. At tan beta = 2 and mu = -800 GeV/c(2), we set 95% confidence level limits of M-(g) over tilde > 221 GeV/c(2) for M-(g) over tilde similar or equal to M-(q) over tilde, and M-(g) over tilde > 168 GeV/c(2) for M-(q) over tilde >> M-(g) over tilde, both with small variation as a function of mu. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Affolder, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251803 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200012 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Alam, MS Athar, SB Jian, L Ling, L Saleem, M Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Eckhart, E Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pedlar, TK Thayer, JB von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Savinov, V Chen, S Hinson, JW Lee, J Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Pavlunin, V Cronin-Hennessy, D Lyon, AL Park, W Thorndike, EH Coan, TE Gao, YS Maravin, Y Narsky, I Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Benslama, K Boulahouache, C Bukin, K Dambasuren, E Majumder, G Mountain, R Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Wang, JC Wolf, A Kopp, S Kostin, M Mahmood, AH Csorna, SE Danko, I Jain, V McLean, KW Xu, Z Godang, R Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Dubrovin, M McGee, S Bornheim, A Lipeles, E Pappas, SP Shapiro, A Sun, WM Weinstein, AJ Jaffe, DE Mahapatra, R Masek, G Paar, HP Eppich, A Hill, TS Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Briere, RA Chen, GP Ferguson, T Vogel, H Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Blanc, F Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Drell, PS Duboscq, JE Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hsu, L Jones, CD Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lohner, M Magerkurth, A Mahlke-Kruger, H Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Nordberg, E Palmer, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Romano, A Schwarthoff, H Thayer, JG Urner, D Valant-Spaight, B Viehhauser, G Warburton, A Avery, P Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Stoeck, H Yelton, J Brandenburg, G Ershov, A Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J Edwards, KW Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Bean, A Besson, D Zhao, X Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Poling, R Smith, A Stepaniak, CJ Urheim, J AF Ahmed, S Alam, MS Athar, SB Jian, L Ling, L Saleem, M Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Eckhart, E Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pedlar, TK Thayer, JB von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Savinov, V Chen, S Hinson, JW Lee, J Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Pavlunin, V Cronin-Hennessy, D Lyon, AL Park, W Thorndike, EH Coan, TE Gao, YS Maravin, Y Narsky, I Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Benslama, K Boulahouache, C Bukin, K Dambasuren, E Majumder, G Mountain, R Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Wang, JC Wolf, A Kopp, S Kostin, M Mahmood, AH Csorna, SE Danko, I Jain, V McLean, KW Xu, Z Godang, R Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Dubrovin, M McGee, S Bornheim, A Lipeles, E Pappas, SP Shapiro, A Sun, WM Weinstein, AJ Jaffe, DE Mahapatra, R Masek, G Paar, HP Eppich, A Hill, TS Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Briere, RA Chen, GP Ferguson, T Vogel, H Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Blanc, F Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Drell, PS Duboscq, JE Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hsu, L Jones, CD Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lohner, M Magerkurth, A Mahlke-Kruger, H Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Nordberg, E Palmer, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Romano, A Schwarthoff, H Thayer, JG Urner, D Valant-Spaight, B Viehhauser, G Warburton, A Avery, P Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Stoeck, H Yelton, J Brandenburg, G Ershov, A Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J Edwards, KW Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Bean, A Besson, D Zhao, X Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Poling, R Smith, A Stepaniak, CJ Urheim, J CA CLEO Collaborat TI First measurement of Gamma(D*(+)) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK; DETECTOR AB We present the first measurement of the D*+ width using 9/fb of e(+)e(-) data collected near the Y(4S) resonance by the CLEO II.V detector. Our method uses advanced tracking techniques and a reconstruction method that takes advantage of the small vertical size of the Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring beam spot to measure the energy release distribution from the D*+-->D(o)pi (+) decay. We find Gamma (D*+) = 96 +/- 4 (stat) +/-22 (syst) keV. We also measure the energy release in the decay and compute Deltam = m(D*+) - m(Do) 145.412 +/- 0.002 (stat) +/- 0.012 (syst) MeV/c(2). C1 SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RI Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; OI Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Poling, Ronald/0000-0001-7305-4702 NR 17 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200010 PM 11736560 ER PT J AU Berrah, N Bozek, JD Wills, AA Turri, G Zhou, HL Manson, ST Akerman, G Rude, B Gibson, ND Walter, CW VoKy, L Hibbert, A Ferguson, SM AF Berrah, N Bozek, JD Wills, AA Turri, G Zhou, HL Manson, ST Akerman, G Rude, B Gibson, ND Walter, CW VoKy, L Hibbert, A Ferguson, SM TI K-shell photodetachment of Li-: Experiment and theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-AFFINITY; BINDING-ENERGIES; SHAPE RESONANCE; NEGATIVE-IONS; CROSS-SECTION; EXCITED-STATE; HE; THRESHOLD; LITHIUM AB An experimental K-shell photodetachment study of Li- giving rise to doubly photoionized Li+ ions has been carried out at the Advanced Light Source, using a collinear photon-ion beam apparatus. The experiment reveals dramatic structure, differing substantially both qualitatively and quantitatively from the corresponding processes above the Is ionization threshold in Li and Li+, as predicted by our enhanced R-matrix calculation. The experimental/theoretical comparison shows good agreement over some of the photon energy range, and also reveals some puzzling discrepancies. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. Observ Paris, DAMAP, CNRS, UMR 8588, F-92195 Meudon, France. Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Berrah, N (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 253002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.253002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200021 PM 11736571 ER PT J AU Boonekamp, M Peschanski, R Royon, C AF Boonekamp, M Peschanski, R Royon, C TI Inclusive Higgs boson and dijet production via double pomeron exchange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAPIDITY GAPS AB We evaluate inclusive Higgs boson and dijet cross sections at the Fermilab Tevatron collider via double Pomeron exchange. Such inclusive processes, normalized to the observed dijet rate observed at Run I, noticeably increase the predictions for tagged (anti)protons in Run II with respect to exclusive production, with the potentiality of Higgs boson detection. C1 Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, SPP, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Boonekamp, M (reprint author), Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, SPP, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251806 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200015 PM 11736565 ER PT J AU Jamneala, T Madhavan, V Crommie, MF AF Jamneala, T Madhavan, V Crommie, MF TI Kondo response of a single antiferromagnetic chromium trimer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RESONANCE; CLUSTERS; IMPURITIES; SURFACE; NANOSTRUCTURES; TRANSITION; STATES; ATOMS AB The triangular Cr trimer (Cr-3) is a fundamental component in a number of frustrated, antiferromagnetic systems. We have used atomic manipulation and scanning tunneling spectroscopy to probe the local behavior of this basic magnetic substructure by fabricating and analyzing individual Cr trimers at the surface of gold. We find that Cr trimers can be reversibly switched between two distinct electronic states. This phenomenon can be explained as the Kondo response of a spin-switching, magnetically frustrated nanocluster. Such behavior is consistent with noncollinear magnetic states predicted for Cr trimers whose structures differ by the position of a single atom. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jamneala, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 256804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.256804 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200046 PM 11736596 ER PT J AU Sernelius, BE Bostrom, M AF Sernelius, BE Bostrom, M TI Comment on "Casimir force at both nonzero temperature and finite conductivity" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Appl Math, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Sernelius, BE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sernelius, Bo/I-4566-2012 OI Sernelius, Bo/0000-0002-6281-868X NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 259101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.259101 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200062 PM 11736612 ER PT J AU Struzhkin, VV Mao, HK Hu, JZ Schwoerer-Bohning, M Shu, JF Hemley, RJ Sturhahn, W Hu, MY Alp, EE Eng, P Shen, GY AF Struzhkin, VV Mao, HK Hu, JZ Schwoerer-Bohning, M Shu, JF Hemley, RJ Sturhahn, W Hu, MY Alp, EE Eng, P Shen, GY TI Nuclear inelastic X-ray scattering of FeO to 48 GPa SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AB The partial density of vibrational states has been measured for Fe in compressed FeO (wustite) using nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Substantial changes have been observed in the overall shape of the density of states close to the magnetic transition around 20 GPa from the paramagnetic (low pressure) to the antiferromagnetic (high pressure) state. The results indicate that strong magnetoelastic coupling in FeO is the driving force behind the changes in the phonon spectrum of FeO. The paper presents the first observation of changes in the density of terahertz acoustic phonon states under magnetic transition at high pressure. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Ctr High Pressure Res, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Struzhkin, VV (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 34 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 255501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.255501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200036 PM 11736586 ER PT J AU Wu, JHP Balbi, A Borrill, J Ferreira, PG Hanany, S Jaffe, AH Lee, AT Rabii, B Richards, PL Smoot, GF Stompor, R Winant, CD AF Wu, JHP Balbi, A Borrill, J Ferreira, PG Hanany, S Jaffe, AH Lee, AT Rabii, B Richards, PL Smoot, GF Stompor, R Winant, CD TI Tests for Gaussianity of the MAXIMA-1 cosmic microwave background map SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER COSMOGONY; SKY MAPS; ANISOTROPY MAPS; POWER SPECTRUM; STATISTICS; RADIATION; UNIVERSE AB Gaussianity of the cosmological perturbations is one of the key predictions of standard inflation, but it is violated by other models of structure formation such as cosmic defects. We present the first test of the Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on subdegree angular scales, where deviations from Gaussianity are most likely to occur. We apply the methods of moments, cumulants, the Kolmogorov test, the chi (2) test, and Minkowski functionals in eigen, real, Wiener-filtered, and signal-whitened spaces, to the MAXIMA-1 CMB anisotropy data. We find that the data, which probe angular scales between 10 arcmin and 5 deg, are consistent with Gaussianity. These results show consistency with the standard inflation and place constraints on the existence of cosmic defects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. RP Wu, JHP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jaffe, Andrew/D-3526-2009 NR 42 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200007 PM 11736557 ER PT J AU Yang, UK Adams, T Alton, A Arroyo, CG Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bazarko, AO Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, JA Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH King, BJ Kinnel, T Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, N Mason, D McFarland, KS McNulty, C Mishra, SR Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Sciulli, FJ Seligman, NG Shaevitz, MH Smith, WH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vaitaitis, A Vakili, M Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Yang, UK Adams, T Alton, A Arroyo, CG Avvakumov, S de Barbaro, L de Barbaro, P Bazarko, AO Bernstein, RH Bodek, A Bolton, T Brau, J Buchholz, D Budd, H Bugel, L Conrad, J Drucker, RB Fleming, BT Formaggio, JA Frey, R Goldman, J Goncharov, M Harris, DA Johnson, RA Kim, JH King, BJ Kinnel, T Koutsoliotas, S Lamm, MJ Marsh, N Mason, D McFarland, KS McNulty, C Mishra, SR Naples, D Nienaber, P Romosan, A Sakumoto, WK Schellman, H Sciulli, FJ Seligman, NG Shaevitz, MH Smith, WH Spentzouris, P Stern, EG Suwonjandee, N Vaitaitis, A Vakili, M Yu, J Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED CA CCFR NuTeV Collaboration TI Extraction of R = sigma(L)/sigma(T) from CCFR nu mu-Fe and (nu)over-bar(mu)-Fe differential cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; R=SIGMA-L/SIGMA-T; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON SCATTERING; QCD FORMULATION; HIGHER TWIST; ENERGIES; HYDROGEN AB We report on the extraction of R = sigmaL/sigmaT from CCFR nu (mu)-Fe and <()over bar>(mu)-Fe differential cross sections. The CCFR differential cross sections do not show the deviations from the QCD expectations that are seen in the CDHSW data at very low and very high x. R as measured in nu (mu) scattering is in agreement with R as measured in muon and electron scattering. All data on R for Q(2) > 1 GeV2 are in agreement with a NNLO QCD calculation which uses NNLO parton distribution functions and includes target mass effects. We report on the first measurements of R in the low x and Q(2) < 1 GeV2 region (where an anomalous large rise in R for nuclear targets has been observed by the HERMES Collaboration). C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Yang, UK (reprint author), Univ Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 32 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 87 IS 25 AR 251802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.251802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 504PZ UT WOS:000172866200011 PM 11736561 ER PT J AU Schuh, C Dunand, DC AF Schuh, C Dunand, DC TI An overview of power-law creep in polycrystalline beta-titanium SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE creep; titanium ID HYDROGEN ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION AB A constitutive law for power-law creep of BCC beta-Ti is developed, based on experimental data from eight independent studies. The present compilation adds more than twice as many data points as previous analyses, covers nine orders of magnitude in strain rate from 10(-7) to 10(2) s(-1), and incorporates recent data for the shear modulus of beta-Ti. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Schuh, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-350 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; Schuh, Christopher/C-7947-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD DEC 17 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1415 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(01)01178-2 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 516LV UT WOS:000173555500013 ER PT J AU Nilsson, ED Barr, S AF Nilsson, ED Barr, S TI Effects of synoptic patterns on atmospheric chemistry and aerosols during the Arctic Ocean Expedition 1996 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE COVER; AIR-TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSPORT; SUMMER; TRENDS AB The atmospheric program on the Arctic Ocean Expedition of July through September 1996 (AOE-96) was focused on aerosol climate feedback. The expedition took place close to the saddle point between a semipersistent anticyclonic ridge from near Scandinavia to the Arctic coast of eastern Siberia and a trough from the Canadian archipelago across the pole to north central Siberia. The weather varied from anticyclonic clear-sky conditions to cyclonic cloudy conditions, and 13 identifiable migratory features (frontal bands, wave disturbances) clearly influenced local weather, clouds, atmospheric transport, and chemistry. This includes an explosive polar cyclone, born at the lateral heat gradient between Greenland and the pack ice rather than between open sea and the pack ice. The synoptic scale weather systems caused the strongest variability in trace gases (O-3 in particular) and aerosols, and also strong variability in the cloud cover. The formation of air masses over the pack ice primarily depends on if there is cyclonic (convergent) or anticyclonic (divergent) flow. Cyclonic flow resulted in a modified marine air mass loaded with vapor, but with low aerosol number concentrations owing to frequent clouds and fogs and efficient cloud scavenging of the aerosol. Anticyclonic flow resulted in almost continental air masses with clear sky, long residence time over the pack ice and subsidence slowly replacing the boundary layer with free tropospheric air, low vapor concentrations, but large aerosol number in lack of efficient cloud scavenging. The synoptic variability and advection from south of the ice edge were weaker than during the predecessor International Arctic Ocean Expedition in 1991 (IAOE-91), when on average the sampled air spent 55 hours over the pack ice compared to more than 120 hours during AOE-96, owing to exceptionally high cyclone activity in 1991. This caused a large difference in atmospheric transport, chemistry, and aerosols between the two expeditions. C1 Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nilsson, ED (reprint author), Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM dolan@misu.su.se NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2001 VL 106 IS D23 BP 32069 EP 32086 DI 10.1029/2000JD900376 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 515DA UT WOS:000173479100033 ER PT J AU Josse, F Bender, F Cernosek, RW AF Josse, F Bender, F Cernosek, RW TI Guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave sensors for chemical and biochemical detection in liquids SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLATE-MODE BIOSENSOR; QUARTZ AB The design and performance of guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (guided SH-SAW) devices on LiTaO3 substrates are investigated for high-sensitivity chemical and biochemical sensors in liquids. Despite their structural similarity to Rayleigh SAW, SH-SAWs often propagate slightly deeper within the substrate, hence preventing the implementation of high-sensitivity detectors. The device sensitivity to mass and viscoelastic loading is increased using a thin guiding layer on the device surface. Because of their relatively low shear wave velocity, various polymers including poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and cyanoethyl cellulose (cured or cross-linked) are investigated as the guiding layers to trap the acoustic energy near the sensing surface. The devices have been tested in biosensing and chemical sensing experiments. Suitable design principles for these applications are discussed with regard to wave guidance, electrical passivation of the interdigital transducers from the liquid environments, acoustic loss, and sensor signal distortion. In biosensing experiments, using near-optimal PMMA thickness of similar to2 mum, mass sensitivity greater than 1500 Hz/(ng/mm(2)) is demonstrated, resulting in a minimum detection limit less than 20 pg/mm(2). For chemical sensor experiments, it is found that optimal waveguide thickness must be modified to account for the chemically sensitive layer which also acts to guide the SH-SAW. A detection limit of 780 (3 x peak-to-peak noise) or 180 ppb (3 x rms noise) is estimated from the present measurements for some organic compounds in water. C1 Marquette Univ, Microsensor Res Lab, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Marquette Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Instrumentelle Analyt, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Res & Educ Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Marquette Univ, Microsensor Res Lab, POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 23 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 24 BP 5937 EP 5944 DI 10.1021/ac010859e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 504YX UT WOS:000172884900020 PM 11791563 ER PT J AU Lythe, G Habib, S AF Lythe, G Habib, S TI Stochastic PDEs: convergence to the continuum? SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Physics 2000: New Challenges for the New Millenium CY DEC 03-08, 2000 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA DE stochastic PDEs; grid spacing; kinks; stationary density; transfer integral ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; COLORED NOISE; DYNAMICS; TRANSITIONS; GENERATION; LATTICE; FIELDS; KINKS AB We examine the convergence properties of stochastic PDEs discretized using finite differences. In one space dimension, where the continuum solution is a stochastic process whose values are continuous functions in space, the transfer integral allows exact calculation of steady state properties, including the corrections due to finite grid spacing. The method applies to arbitrarily nonlinear PDEs, provided they have a stationary density. In two or more space dimensions, however, solution configurations are not continuous functions but only distributions. The stochastic PDE can still be solved on a finite grid of points in space, but the mean squared value at a grid point does not approach a finite limit as the grid spacing is decreased. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Matemat, GISC, Leganes 28911, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lythe, G (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Matemat, GISC, Avenida Univ 30, Leganes 28911, Spain. OI Lythe, Grant/0000-0001-7966-5571 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 142 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00308-3 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 508QD UT WOS:000173099200005 ER PT J AU Brock, JS Wiseman, JR AF Brock, JS Wiseman, JR TI Discrete-expansions for linear interpolation functions SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Physics 2000: New Challenges for the New Millenium CY DEC 03-08, 2000 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA ID UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS; PARTICLE AB Computational models of particle dynamics often exchange solution data with discretized continuum-fields using interpolation functions. These particle methods require a series expansion of the interpolation function for two purposes: numerical analysis used to establish the model's consistency and accuracy, and logical-coordinate evaluation used to locate particles within a grid. This report presents discrete-expansions for two linear interpolation functions commonly used within triangular and tetrahedral cell geometries. Application of the linear discrete-expansions for numerical analysis and localization within particle methods is outlined and discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Math, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Brock, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 142 IS 1-3 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00334-4 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 508QD UT WOS:000173099200040 ER PT J AU Kwan, TJT Mathews, AR Christenson, PJ Snell, CM AF Kwan, TJT Mathews, AR Christenson, PJ Snell, CM TI Integrated system simulation in X-ray radiography SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Computational Physics 2000: New Challenges for the New Millenium CY DEC 03-08, 2000 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA DE radiography; plasma simulation; beam-plasma interaction; synthetic radiograph ID ELECTRON AB An integrated simulation capability is being developed to examine, the fidelity of a dynamic radiographic system. This capability consists of a suite of simulation codes which individually model electromagnetic and particle transport phenomena and are chained together to model an entire radiographic event. Our study showed that the electron beam spot size at the converter target plays the key role in determining material edge locations. The angular spectrum is a relatively insensitive factor in radiographic fidelity. We also found that the full energy spectrum of the imaging photons must be modeled to obtain an accurate analysis of material densities. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kwan, TJT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 142 IS 1-3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(01)00338-1 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 508QD UT WOS:000173099200051 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Bertsch, PM AF Jackson, BP Bertsch, PM TI Determination of arsenic speciation in poultry wastes by IC-ICP-MS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLY-ASH; LAND APPLICATION; SOIL SOLUTION; GROUNDWATER; SOLUBILITY; BANGLADESH; LITTER AB The aromatic organoarsenic compounds 4-hydroxy 3-nitrobenzenearsenic acid (Roxarsone, ROX) or 4-aminobenzenearsenic acid (p-arsanilic acid, p-ASA) are used as feed additives in the poultry industry for disease control and enhanced feed efficiency. While federal regulations govern acceptable As concentrations in edible tissue, elevated As concentrations occur in poultry litter, which raises concerns over repeated land application of poultry litter in agriculture. As a precursor to studying the fate of these organoarsenic compounds in soils, three speciation methodologies were developed to separate ROX and p-ASA from the more common and more toxic As species arsenate, arsenite, dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA), and monomethyl arsenic acid (MMA). The six arsenic species were separated on a Dionex AS14 column using a PO4 eluant, an AS16 column using a OH- eluant, and an AS7 column using a HNO3 eluant. While all three methods provided detection limits below 0.5 mug L-1 for all species, detection limits were lowest for the AS16 and AS7 columns, where all detection limits were generally < 0.05 mug L-1. The major arsenic species in a water extract of a poultry litter sample was identified as ROX by all three methods with trace concentrations of DMA and As(V) also detected. The AS14 and AS16 separations also revealed a number of unidentified As species present at low concentrations, presumably metabolites of ROX. This methodology should prove useful in identifying organoarsenic compounds and the more toxic inorganic species in soils subject to poultry litter application. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 27 TC 127 Z9 139 U1 7 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 24 BP 4868 EP 4873 DI 10.1021/es0107172 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502UF UT WOS:000172760600023 PM 11775163 ER EF